title: Multiple socioeconomic risks and cognitive impairment in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the multiple effects of socioeconomic factors on cognitive impairment in older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were a nationally representative sample (n = 4,155) aged >or=65 years of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Cognitive status was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Education, income, wealth and occupation were measured, with low levels on each factor combined to produce an aggregate risk score. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the combined effects of socioeconomic risks on cognitive impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A socioeconomic risk gradient was evident, with the combined effect being stronger than any one of the risk factors acting alone. Compared with those with no risks, the odds ratios were 2.4 (for 2 socioeconomic risks), 3.4 (3 risks) and 7.7 (4 risks) for men, and 2.8 (2 risks), 3.5 (3 risks) and 5.4 (4 risks) for women. For individual socioeconomic risks, income and occupation were significant predictors of cognitive impairment in men, whereas in women, all 4 factors were independently associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple socioeconomic risks have a combined effect on cognitive impairment in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea. yhlee@ajou.ac.kr
authors.forename: Yunhwan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Haewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Byeon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*