title: ApoD, a glia-derived apolipoprotein, is required for peripheral nerve functional integrity and a timely response to injury.
abstract: Glial cells are a key element to the process of axonal regeneration, either promoting or inhibiting axonal growth. The study of glial derived factors induced by injury is important to understand the processes that allow or preclude regeneration, and can explain why the PNS has a remarkable ability to regenerate, while the CNS does not. In this work we focus on Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a Lipocalin expressed by glial cells in the PNS and CNS. ApoD expression is strongly induced upon PNS injury, but its role has not been elucidated. Here we show that ApoD is required for: (1) the maintenance of peripheral nerve function and tissue homeostasis with age, and (2) an adequate and timely response to injury. We study crushed sciatic nerves at two ages using ApoD knock-out and transgenic mice over-expressing human ApoD. The lack of ApoD decreases motor nerve conduction velocity and the thickness of myelin sheath in intact nerves. Following injury, we analyze the functional recovery, the cellular processes, and the protein and mRNA expression profiles of a group of injury-induced genes. ApoD helps to recover locomotor function after injury, promoting myelin clearance, and regulating the extent of angiogenesis and the number of macrophages recruited to the injury site. Axon regeneration and remyelination are delayed without ApoD and stimulated by excess ApoD. The mRNA and protein expression profiles reveal that ApoD is functionally connected in an age-dependent manner to specific molecular programs triggered by injury.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ganfornina
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Do Carmo
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tolivia
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rassart
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053399:Apolipoproteins D / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009409:Nerve Crush; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger