Chlorpyrifos induces apoptosis and DNA damage in Drosophila through generation of reactive oxygen species.
The present study investigated the apoptosis and DNA damage inducing potential of chlorpyrifos (CP) in Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae of Drosophila were treated with different concentrations of CP (0.015-15.0 microg/L) for 2-48 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative stress markers, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death end points were measured in them. A significant increase in DNA damage was concomitant with apoptotic mode of cell death in 15.0 microg/L CP-treated organisms for 24 and 48 h. Depolarization in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased casapase-3 and caspase-9 activities in these organisms indicated both as potential targets of CP. A significant positive correlation was observed among ROS generation, apoptosis and DNA damage. The study suggests that (i) ROS may be involved in inducing apoptosis and DNA damage in the CP-exposed larvae of Drosophila and (ii) D. melanogaster may be used as an alternative in vivo animal model for xenobiotics hazard assessment.
Gupta
Subash C
SC
Embryotoxicology Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Mishra
Manish
M
Sharma
Anurag
A
Deepak Balaji
T G R
TG
Kumar
Rakesh
R
Mishra
Ranjit K
RK
Chowdhuri
Debapratim K
DK
D023401:Animal Use Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004390:Chlorpyrifos