title: Impact of hospital provider volume on outcome for radical urological cancer surgery in England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complex surgical procedures are associated with higher mortality and morbidity. There is a paucity of data supporting a volume-outcome relationship in the United Kingdom. We analysed Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) to contemplate the association of hospital provider volume and short-term outcomes (mortality rate and hospital stay) for 3 radical urological procedures in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HES database was extracted for radical prostatectomy (RP), radical cystectomy (RC) and radical nephrectomy (RN) using ICD-10 and OPCS-4 codes for 7 years. Hospitals were divided into quartiles depending on the annual hospital volume. The impact of hospital provider volume was analysed for outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 43,946 patients were included in the study. RP patients had the lowest mortality rate (0.2%) and shorter in-patient stay (7 days). Mortality from RC and RN were 475 (5.3%) and 537 (2.6%), respectively. There was no significant difference for mortality following RP in four volume groups (p = 0.76). The mortality rate for RC decreased from 6.9% in the very low-volume group to 4.1% in the high-volume group (p < 0.001) without change in the in-hospital stay. The proportion of patients treated at high-volume centres for RP, RC and RN has increased from 0 to 42, 22 to 35 and 10 to 38%, respectively, over a 7-year study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In England, hospital provider volume has a significant impact on outcome measures for radical pelvic urological procedures with a lower mortality (RC) and shorter in-patient stay (RP). Thus HES data from England support the hospital volume-outcome relationship and emphasise the centralisation of care for radical urological procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, UK. vishwanath.hanchanale@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vishwanath S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Hanchanale
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Javlé
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*