title: Deregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression and lymph node metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymph node metastasis is a critical event in the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). The identification of biomarkers associated with the metastatic process would provide critical prognostic information to facilitate clinical decision making. Previous studies showed that deregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression is a frequent event in TSCC and may be associated with enhanced cell invasion. The purpose of this study is to further evaluate whether the expression level of SOD2 is correlated with the metastatic status in TSCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first examined the SOD2 expression at mRNA level on 53 TSCC and 22 normal control samples based on pooled-analysis of existing microarray datasets. To confirm our observations, we examined the expression of SOD2 at protein level on an additional TSCC patient cohort (n = 100), as well as 31 premalignant dysplasias, 15 normal tongue mucosa, and 32 lymph node metastatic diseases by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SOD2 mRNA level in primary TSCC tissue is reversely correlated with lymph node metastasis in the first TSCC patient cohort. The SOD2 protein level in primary TSCC tissue is also reversely correlated with lymph node metastasis in the second TSCC patient cohort. Deregulation of SOD2 expression is a common event in TSCC and appears to be associated with disease progression. Statistical analysis revealed that the reduced SOD2 expression in primary tumor tissue is associated with lymph node metastasis in both TSCC patient cohorts examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggested that the deregulation of SOD2 in TSCC has potential predictive values for lymph node metastasis, and may serve as a therapeutic target for patients at risk of metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Xiqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Anxun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolokythas
authors.forename: Shihu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tianwei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D014059:Tongue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2