title: Secondhand smoke in public places: can Bangalore metropolitan transport corporation be a role model for effective implementation of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Indian government enacted 'The cigarettes and other tobacco products act, 2003' (COTPA), which prohibits smoking in public places.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the efficacy of the Act of 2003, enacted by the Government of India, to prevent secondhand smoking in public places.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on a non-random sample survey of 2,600 bus passengers carried out in the premises of three mega public road transport organizations in Karnataka state, India, in June 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information was gathered through administration of structured schedules. A sample of 1,000 each for the terminus of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) and Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) in Bangalore and, 600 for North West Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) in Hubli-Dharwad city was distributed proportionately according to the number of platforms in each terminus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simple Averages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is some reduction in smoking in general as perceived by 69% of the passengers as compared to the scenario a year before the enactment of COTPA. The observed smoking is lower in the bus premises of BMTC where there is strict regulation, and higher in the bus premises of NWKRTC, which has not taken any regulatory measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowing smoking is banned in public places can itself create awareness depending on the coverage extended by media and implementing an agency to reach the public. The implementation of an act depends on the willingness of stakeholders to act upon it. The implementation of COTPA as done by BMTC could well become a role model for replication elsewhere, if BMTC can strive harder to accomplish a 100% smoke-free zone.
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidisciplinary Development Research, R.S.No. 9A2, Plot No. 82, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Nagar, Near Yalakki Shettar Colony, Dharwad-580 004, India.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Annigeri
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Revankar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kenchaigol
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D011633:Public Facilities; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution