title: [Liability of surgeons with respect to injuries to the bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy : Analyses of malpractice litigations in the years 1996-2009].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injuries to the bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are often a cause of malpractice litigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 13 legal verdicts as a result of bile duct injury from 1996 to 2009 were reviewed. Comments on the verdicts and the opinions of expert witnesses were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 13 claims, 7 were upheld and 6 were rejected. Most expert witnesses from 1996 to 2002 stated that not carrying out a cholangiography and insufficient preparation of the cystic duct constituted a performance below the standard of care expected. Expert witness testimonies from 2004 to 2009, however, regarded injury to the bile duct as predominantly inherent to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the expansion and acceptance of laparoscopic interventions, changes in the results of malpractice litigation have become evident. In contrast to the phase during establishment of the technology, an injury to the bile duct is nowadays judged predominantly as inherent to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Visceral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Leipzig, Deutschland. peter.fellmer@uniklinik-leipzig.de
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fellmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fellmer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D002758:Cholangiography / Q000592:standards; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000293:injuries*; D035881:Compensation and Redress / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003549:Cystic Duct / Q000601:surgery; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005858:Germany; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012307:Risk Factors