Mediators of anemia in chronic heart failure.
Anemia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Increased prevalence of anemia in CHF has been linked to advanced age, female gender, renal function impairment, severity of symptoms, and clinical settings. Overall, the anemia of CHF shares many common features with the anemia of chronic disease. Both impaired iron metabolism and inflammatory stress appear to be the key mediators of the anemia of CHF.
Le Jemtel
Thierry H
TH
Tulane Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1340 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. lejemtel@tulane.edu
Arain
Salman
S
D000367:Age Factors; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D019266:Iron, Dietary; D004921:Erythropoietin