title: Impact of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following exposure to the September 11 attacks on preschool children's behavior.
abstract: To evaluate whether conjoined maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are associated with increased behavioral problems among terrorism-exposed preschool children (N = 116; 18-54 months), this study compared clinically significant child behavioral problem rates among the preschool children of mothers with PTSD and depression, depression alone, and neither disorder. Behavioral problems were independently rated by mothers and preschool teachers. Maternal depression and PTSD, relative to maternal depression alone, and to neither disorder, were associated with substantially increased child problems. Notably, maternal depression and PTSD were associated with increased emotional reactivity (relative risk [RR] = 5.9 by mother's and 3.4 by teacher's reports) and aggressive behavior problems (RR = 11.0 by mother's and RR = 5.9 by teacher's reports). This was corroborated by teacher ratings. Implications for intervening with terrorism-exposed preschool children are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine. claude.chemtob@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Claude M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chemtob
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Khushmand
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yehuda
authors.forename: Deena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abramovitz
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012306:Risk; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*