title: A porcine training model for ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothoraces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound for the evaluation of pneumothoraces has been extensively studied. Several medical specialties have recognized the benefit of this technique; however, a training model has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using a porcine model, we attempt to establish a model for the training of ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothoraces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two pigs were anesthetized on two separate occasions. A pneumothorax was introduced each time. Participants were blinded to the study design and were not aware of the number of pneumothoraces present. A brief training lecture was given before performing the ultrasound, and the results of each lung examination were recorded. The data were collected and analyzed for the accuracy of assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 individuals participated in the study, with six individuals participating on both days. Ninety-six lung ultrasound examinations were completed; 69% of the lung examinations were correctly diagnosed on the first day and 94% on the second. Participants correctly diagnosed a pneumothorax 50% of the time at the first laboratory and 100% of the time at the second. Participants who attended both laboratories increased their ability to diagnose a pneumothorax from 66% to 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe this porcine model can be used for the training of ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothoraces. Participants who completed two training sessions improved their accuracy from 66% to 100% in the diagnosis of pneumothoraces. Study participants rated the educational experience highly on a post-laboratory questionnaire, and feel they will be more comfortable using it in a real-life situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Lalainia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Secreti
authors.forename: N Heramba
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education; D007396:Internship and Residency; D023421:Models, Animal; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013552:Swine; D013663:Teaching; D014463:Ultrasonography; D006801:Humans