title: Correlates of sexual risk behaviors among high school students in Colorado: analysis and implications for school-based HIV/AIDS programs.
abstract: Objectives of this study are to examine correlates of antecedent sexual risk exposures associated with HIV/AIDS infection among adolescents participating in the 2005 Colorado Youth Behavioral Risk Survey (CYBRS), and to determine gender differences associated with these exposures since previous studies have produced mixed findings. Variables assessing these relationships were drawn from CYBRS, 2005. We used χ2 to assess bivariate relationships and multinomial logistic regression to evaluate associations among dependent variables (sexual risk behaviors, age at first sex, and number of sexual partners in the past 3 months) and independent variables (in-school HIV/AIDS education, use of illegal substances, physically forced sex, and alcohol use). We found no significant effect of having received in-school HIV/AIDS education on all outcome measures. Compared with females, males were more likely to initiate sex at a relatively younger age, report unprotected sex with multiple partners, and drink alcohol before sexual intercourse. Among females, using 2 illegal substances increased the odds of early sexual debut by 12 times, while using ≥3 substances increased the same odds to 44-fold. Likewise, binge drinking was also associated with higher odds of having multiple partners. Hispanic ethnicity and physically forced sex variables were consistently associated with high risk sexual behaviors, early sexual initiation, and increased number of sexual partners. Efforts to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among adolescents may need to focus on targeted interventions aimed at addressing gender- and racial/ethnic-specific risk exposures among this population group, including risk behaviors linked with lifetime physically forced sex. The need to re-examine the role of in-school HIV prevention programs to build adequate competencies among students, parents and community leaders to reduce risk exposures associated with HIV/AIDS infection among youth is emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Community Health Program, School of Human Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501-20th Street, Campus Box 93, Greeley, CO 80639, USA. Stephen.Namankra@unco.edu
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nkansah-Amankra
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diedhiou
authors.forename: Harry L K
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Agbanu
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harrod
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D003120:Colorado; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012574:Schools; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019529:Sexuality / Q000523:psychology; D044465:White People