title: Circulating progenitor cell count for cardiovascular risk stratification: a pooled analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) contribute to the homeostasis of the vessel wall, and a reduced CPC count predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis that CPC count improves cardiovascular risk stratification and that this is modulated by low-grade inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We pooled data from 4 longitudinal studies, including a total of 1,057 patients having CPC determined and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) collected. We recorded cardiovascular risk factors and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level. Risk estimates were derived from Cox proportional hazard analyses. CPC count and/or hsCRP level were added to a reference model including age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, prevalent CVD, chronic renal failure (CRF) and medications. The sample was composed of high-risk individuals, as 76.3% had prevalent CVD and 31.6% had CRF. There were 331 (31.3%) incident MACE during an average 1.7+/-1.1 year follow-up time. CPC count was independently associated with incident MACE even after correction for hsCRP. According to C-statistics, models including CPC yielded a non-significant improvement in accuracy of MACE prediction. However, the integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) showed better performance of models including CPC compared to the reference model and models including hsCRP in identifying MACE. CPC count also yielded significant net reclassification improvements (NRI) for CV death, non-fatal AMI and other CV events. The effect of CPC was independent of hsCRP, but there was a significant more-than-additive interaction between low CPC count and raised hsCRP level in predicting incident MACE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In high risk individuals, a reduced CPC count helps identifying more patients at higher risk of MACE over the short term, especially in combination with a raised hsCRP level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy. gianpaolofadini@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fadini
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meigs
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimmeler
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zeiher
authors.forename: Saula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Kreutzenberg
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avogaro
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nickenig
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Lucke
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein