title: Differential effects of locally and systemically administered soluble glycoprotein 130 on pain and inflammation in experimental arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key player in systemic arthritis, involved in inflammation and joint destruction. IL-6 signalling has also been revealed in nerve cells. Recently, IL-6 and in particular IL-6 together with its soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) were shown to induce a long-lasting robust sensitization of joint nociceptors for mechanical stimuli which was difficult to reverse, suggesting that IL-6 signalling plays a significant role in the generation and maintenance of arthritic pain. Here we tested in a preclinical model of arthritis, antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in the rat, whether systemic or local neutralization of IL-6/sIL-6R complexes with soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) alters arthritic pain and how sgp130 influences the inflammatory process in AIA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with AIA were either treated with sgp130 or saline intra-peritoneally or intra-articularly (each group n = 9). Then, pain-related and locomotor behaviour, as well as joint swelling, were measured during an observation period of 21 days, followed by histopathological end-point analysis for inflammatory and destructive changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single intra-articular application of sgp130 at the time of AIA induction barely reduced the development of AIA, but significantly attenuated pain-related behaviour, that is, primary mechanical hyperalgesia in the acute phase of AIA. By contrast, repeated systemic application of sgp130 after onset of AIA only slightly attenuated pain at a late stage of AIA. None of the treatments reduced secondary hyperalgesia. Furthermore, in the present study joint destruction at 21 days was significantly attenuated after intra-articular sgp130 treatment, but not after systemic sgp130.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to its role in chronic inflammation, IL-6 in the joint plays a significant role in the generation and maintenance of arthritic joint pain at acute and chronic stages of AIA. The particular effectiveness of intra-articular injection of sgp130 indicates, first, that IL-6/sIL-6R in the inflamed joint, rather than circulating IL-6/sIL-6R, is responsible for the generation of hyperalgesia, and, second, that early neutralization of IL-6/sIL-6R is particularly successful in producing antinociception. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-6/sIL-6R (and possibly other cytokines which use the transmembrane signal-transducing subunit gp130) directly at the site of joint inflammation seems to be effective in the prevention of joint destruction.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany. michael.boettger@mti.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Boettger
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leuchtweis
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kümmel
authors.forename: Mieczyslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajda
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schaible
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; C480482:glycoprotein 130, human