title: Pilot evaluation of a novel clinical test of reaction time in national collegiate athletic association division I football players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that concussion prolongs reaction time (RT). We have developed a simple, reliable clinical tool for measuring reaction time that may be of value in the assessment of concussion in athletes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare baseline values of clinical RT (RT(clin)) obtained using the new clinical reaction time apparatus with computerized RT (RT(comp)) obtained using a validated computerized neuropsychological test battery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected during a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate football team's preparticipation physical examination session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four Division I collegiate football players.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RT(clin) was measured using a 1.3-m measuring stick embedded in a weighted rubber disk that was released and caught as quickly as possible. The RT(comp) was measured using the simple RT component of CogState Sport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 68 athletes whose CogState Sport tests passed the program's integrity check, RT(clin) and RT(comp) were correlated (r = 0.445, P < .001). Overall, mean RT(clin) was shorter and less variable than mean RT(comp) (203 +/- 20 milliseconds versus 268 +/- 44 milliseconds; P < .001). When RT(clin) and RT(comp) were compared between those athletes with (n = 68) and those without (n = 26) valid CogState Sport test sessions, mean RT(clin) was similar (202 +/- 19 milliseconds versus 207 +/- 23 milliseconds; P = .390), but mean RT(comp) was different (258 +/- 35 milliseconds versus 290 +/- 55 milliseconds; P = .009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RT(clin) was positively correlated with RT(comp) and yielded more consistent reaction time values during baseline testing. Given that RT(clin) is easy to measure using simple, inexpensive equipment, further prospective study is warranted to determine its clinical utility in the assessment of concussion in athletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. jeckner@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Eckner
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kutcher
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult