title: Ultrasound computed tomography in breast imaging: first clinical results of a custom-made scanner.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a system using ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) that superimposes ultrasound data acquired in one cross-sectional plane from multiple angles around the breast (Full Angle Spatial Compounding, FASC) and to reconstruct the distribution of the speed of sound in the breast (SoS reconstruction).
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a system combining a conventional ultrasound scanner with a PC-controlled mechanical setup integrated in a custom-made examination couch. In a feasibility study, 3 volunteers (age 26 - 74 years) and one patient with breast cancer were studied. Subjects were placed in the prone position on this couch, with the breast hanging in a water tank. The ultrasound probe was moved in several planes around the breast. A curved reflector that followed the movement of the probe behind the breast was used to calculate the SoS within the breast tissue. Echo-data was processed offline by custom-made software to calculate both FASC and SoS images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In FASC images a reduction of artifacts (i. e. shadowing of Cooper's ligaments and irregular edges of inhomogeneous lesions) and speckles as well as clear visualization of the inner architecture of the breast was achieved. SoS images delivered further diagnostic information and helped to compensate for geometric distortions in the computed images. Difficulties in the visualization of lesions near the thoracic wall and/or the axillary are limitations of this technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first clinical results of USCT imaging have proven its feasibility as an automated and standardized technique for breast imaging.
authors.affiliation: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie und Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Ruhruniversität Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum-Langendreer, Germany. markus@hollenhorst.ws
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollenhorst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hüttebräuker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schasse
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heuser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ermert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulte-Altedorneburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008403:Mass Screening; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D012984:Software; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000295:instrumentation*