title: Management of postmenopausal vaginal symptoms in women.
abstract: Although menopause is a normal, physiological process in the lives of women, many report uncomfortable urogenital symptoms as they transition through this stage. Such symptoms include urinary frequency, increased urinary tract infections, vaginal dryness and irritation, and painful intercourse, among others. While each of these symptoms presents unique challenges for clinicians, this article specifically focuses on the management of vaginal symptoms. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing assist in confirming a diagnosis and selecting a treatment plan. A careful and detailed discussion with women to elicit their knowledge and concerns about the use and risks of hormone therapy prior to initiation can avoid misunderstanding, improve adherence, and enhance quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, College of Nursing, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-1600, USA. bondsm@musc.edu
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Lenora S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Horton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies