title: [Brachycephaly in dog and cat: a "human induced" obstruction of the upper airways].
abstract: Selective breeding for exaggerated features caused in many brachycephalic dog and cat breeds virtually a loss of the nose, with serious anatomical and functional consequences. In addition to respiratory and olfactory tasks, in dogs the nose is of vital importance for thermoregulation. As obligatory nose breathers, dogs suffer far more than humans when their nasal ventilation is restricted. An open discussion in the broad public has to motivate authorities and kennel clubs to recognize extreme brachycephalic breeding as seriously affecting animal health and welfare.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kleintiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig. oechtering@kleintierklinik.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Oechtering
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lippert
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D001947:Breeding; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002415:Cats; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed