Dermatotoxic effects of orally administered ciprofloxacin in sweating and nonsweating animal models.
BACKGROUND
Some drugs, such as ciprofloxacin (CFX), that are excreted in sweat may produce some effects/toxicities in the skin structure. In order to differentiate the dermatotoxic effects of drugs due to excretion in sweat, it is essential to perform simultaneous studies in sweating and nonsweating animal models.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the dermatotoxic effects of CFX in sweating (goats) and nonsweating (rabbits) animals and to determine whether there is a relationship between dermatotoxicity and the blood CFX concentration.


METHODS
CFX was administered orally at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight to goats (n = 16) and rabbits (n = 16) for 1 and 2 weeks, while control animals were given vehicle (water). Skin biopsies were taken after 1- and 2-week administration of CFX and processed histologically. Similarly, the CFX concentration in the plasma samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).


RESULTS
Mean ± standard error (SE) epidermal thickness (μm) was 26.2 ± 0.2, 38.6 ± 2.05, and 37.8 ± 1.8 for the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated goats and 16.06 ± 2.39, 50.67 ± 6.61, and 34.03 ± .12 for the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated rabbits, respectively. Mean ± SE epidermal cell layers were 2.08 ± 0.08, 3.42 ± 0.16, and 3.25 ± 0.21 in the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated goats and 1 ± 0, 3.08 ± 0.37, and 1.83 ± 0.35 in the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated rabbits, respectively. Mean ± SE plasma concentration (μg/mL) of CFX was 0.37 ± 0.06 and 0.30 ± 0.05 in the 1- and 2-week-treated goats and 0.13 ± 0.04 and 0.14 ± 0.09 in the 1- and 2-week-treated rabbits, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Microscopically, increases in epidermal thickness, number of cell layers, and cell infiltration were observed in both sweating and nonsweating animals, indicating that the dermatotoxic effects may not be due to CFX excretion in sweat. No relationship was found between dermatotoxicity and blood CFX concentration in both animal models.
Muhammad
Faqir
F
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Haider
Huma
H
Rahman
Zia U
ZU
Javed
Ijaz
I
Khan
Muhammad Zargham
MZ
Akhtar
Masood
M
Zafar
Mudassar
M
Anwar
Muhammad Irfan
MI
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001706:Biopsy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin