Cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with anxiety disorders.
OBJECTIVE
Cognitive functioning in anxiety disorders has received little investigation, particularly among young adults and in non-clinical samples. The present study examined cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with anxiety disorders in comparison to healthy peers.


METHODS
A population-based sample of 21-35-year-olds with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders (n=75) and a random sample of healthy controls (n=71) derived from the same population were compared in terms of performance in neuropsychological tests measuring verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory, attention, psychomotor processing speed, and executive functioning.


RESULTS
In general, young adults with anxiety disorders did not have major cognitive impairments when compared to healthy peers. When participants with anxiety disorder in remission were excluded, persons with current anxiety disorder scored lower in visual working memory tests. Current psychotropic medication use and low current psychosocial functioning associated with deficits in executive functioning, psychomotor processing speed, and visual short-term memory.


CONCLUSIONS
Lifetime history of anxiety disorders is not associated with cognitive impairment among young adults in the general population. However, among persons with anxiety disorders, current psychotropic medication use and low psychosocial functioning, indicating more severe symptoms, may associate with cognitive impairments.
Castaneda
A E
AE
Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland. anu.castaneda@thl.fi
Suvisaari
J
J
Marttunen
M
M
Perälä
J
J
Saarni
S I
SI
Aalto-Setälä
T
T
Lönnqvist
J
J
Tuulio-Henriksson
A
A
D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time