title: Region-specific induction of FosB/ΔFosB by voluntary alcohol intake: effects of naltrexone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ΔFosB is the best characterized transcription factor induced by chronic stimulation. Although previous studies have demonstrated that chronic passive ethanol exposure alters ΔFosB immunoreactivity (IR), the effect of chronic voluntary ethanol consumption on ΔFosB remains unknown. Furthermore, although previous studies have demonstrated that the opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces alcohol consumption in clinical and preclinical settings, the effect of naltrexone on FosB/ΔFosB has not been explored. Here, we examined the effects of chronic voluntary ethanol intake and naltrexone on FosB/ΔFosB IR in striatal region and prefrontal cortex, and the effect of naltrexone on voluntary ethanol intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized immunohistochemistry to define the changes in FosB/ΔFosB IR induced by chronic voluntary ethanol intake under a two-bottle intermittent access of 20% ethanol model and by systematic administration (intraperitoneal injection) of naltrexone in Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic (15 drinking sessions in 35 days) voluntary ethanol intake robustly induces FosB/ΔFosB IR in nucleus accumbens core, dorsolateral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex, but not in nucleus accumbens shell, dorsomedial striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex. Systemic administration of naltrexone for 6 days significantly reduced voluntary ethanol consumption and FosB/ΔFosB IR induced by chronic voluntary ethanol intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that chronic voluntary ethanol intake induces FosB/ΔFosB IR in a subregion-specific manner which involves the activation of endogenous opioid system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yunhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Weiliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chunxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiang-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C483820:Fosb protein, rat; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D009271:Naltrexone