title: Ovicidal action of a crude enzymatic extract of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia against cyathostomin eggs.
abstract: The aims of this study were to test the action of the fungal extract of Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) on the hatching of cyathostomin eggs plated in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar (2% WA) and its enzymatic activity in fecal cultures, in two experimental assays (A and B). The fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was cultured in Erlenmeyer flasks (250ml) containing 50ml of liquid minimal medium supplemented with 0.2% gelatin for production of the crude enzymatic extract. Approximately 1kg of fresh feces was collected directly from the rectum of crossbred horses naturally infected with cyathostomins. The fecal material was used to obtain eggs and prepare fecal cultures. For assay A, one thousand eggs were plated on 4.5cm diameter Petri dishes together with 5ml of VC4 fungal filtrate and incubated at 26 degrees C in the dark for 24h. The control group consisted of 1000 eggs in Petri dishes containing 10ml of distilled water, which were incubated under the same conditions. After 24h, the total number of cyathostomin larvae present in each plate of the treated and control groups was counted. For assay B, about 20g of feces were added with 10ml of fungal extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) and incubated at 26 degrees C for 8 days. Third stage larvae (L(3)) were recovered at the end of this period. Significant difference (p<0.01) was found for the number of larvae between the treated group and the control at end of assay A. A 72.8% reduction in the hatching of cyathostomin eggs was found in the plates of the treated group compared with the control group. At the end of 8 days, the fungal extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4), in assay B, was effective in reducing the number of L(3) cyathostomins in the treated group by 67.0% compared with the control group. Significant difference (p<0.01) was found between the means of L(3) recovered from the treated group and the control group. The results of this work showed that crude enzymatic extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was effective in reducing hatching of cyathostomin eggs and therefore could be used as a biological control agent of this nematode.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio Ribeiro
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Jackson Victor
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Rogério Oliva
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: André Ricardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Juliana Milani
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Filippe E Feitas
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Hugo L André
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Geniêr
authors.forename: Sebastião Rodrigo
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: José Humberto
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Queiroz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000201:enzymology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D013320:Strongyloidea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins