title: Polymorphisms in PPARD, PPARG and APM1 associated with four types of traditional Chinese medicine constitutions.
abstract: Based on the theory of constitution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the human population is divided into nine constitutions including one balanced constitution (Normality) and eight unbalanced constitutions (Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency, Phlegm-wetness, Qi-deficiency, Wetness-heat, Blood stasis, Depressed constitution, and Inherited special constitution). Different constitutions have specific metabolic features and different susceptibility to certain diseases. However, whether a genetic basis accounts for such constitution classification is yet to be determined. Here we performed a genetic study to assess the association between genetic variations of metabolic genes including PPARD, PPARG and APM1 and the constitutions. A total of 233 individuals of the Han population in China were classified into four groups, Normality, Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and Phlegm-wetness with whom 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the three genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Biased distribution of PPARD rs2267669 and rs2076167, APM1 rs7627128 and rs1063539 in Yang-deficiency, PPARG Pro12Ala in Yin-deficiency and PPARD rs2076167, APM1 rs266729 and rs7627128 in Phlegm-wetness were observed. The frequencies of Haplotype13 (Hap13) of PPARG in Yin-deficiency, Hap25 of APM1 in Yang-deficiency and Hap2 of PPARD and Hap14 of PPARG in Phlegm-wetness, were significantly different from those in Normality, suggesting those might be group-associated haplotypes. These results suggested that single SNP and haplotypes of PPARD, PPARG and APM1 may underlie the genetic basis of the constitutions classified in TCM.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Center of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yanrui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cun
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jingru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Shengjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shengjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Haijing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bingrong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chunjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D047494:PPAR delta; D047495:PPAR gamma