title: Oleic acid and ergosterol supplementation mitigates oxidative stress in wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: During fermentation of high-sugar-containing medium lacking lipid nutrients, wine yeasts undergo oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cell membranes and proteins. Considering that cell membranes are important stress sensors, and that under hypoxic conditions wine yeasts modulate cell membranes composition by incorporating lipids available in the growth medium, in the present work, the effects of lipid nutrition on wine yeast oxidative stress response were evaluated on two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, oxidative damage and antioxidant response were evaluated together with viability and acetic acid production during fermentation of a synthetic must lacking lipid nutrients as compared to added oleic acid and ergosterol. The results show that the availability of lipid nutrients causes a significant reduction in the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species and in the oxidative damage to membranes and proteins, as indicated by flow cytometry of cells stained with dihydroethidum (DHE) and propidium iodide (PI) and by Western blot of protein carbonyls. Accordingly, lipid nutrients feeding results in the increase in cell viability and superoxide activity, and the reduction in trehalose accumulation, proteinase A activity and production of acetic acid. In summary, these results are compatible with the hypothesis that the supplementation of lipid nutrients mitigates oxidative stress and oxidative damage in wine strains of S. cerevisiae during growth under unfavourable conditions.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento SAIFET, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landolfo
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zara
authors.forename: Severino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zara
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budroni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciani
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mannazzu
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D050296:Microbial Viability; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019301:Oleic Acid; D004875:Ergosterol