title: Beneficial cardiac effects of the renin inhibitor aliskiren in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The blood pressure-lowering effect of the renin inhibitor aliskiren equals that of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers. Whether aliskiren offers end-organ protection remains to be investigated. Here, we compared the cardiac effects of aliskiren, the AT1 receptor blocker irbesartan and the ACE inhibitor captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at equi-hypotensive doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SHR were treated for 1-3 weeks with vehicle, aliskiren, captopril or irbesartan (100, 3 and 15 mg/kg per day, respectively) using an osmotic minipump, and compared to vehicle-treated Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. All drugs lowered (but not normalized) mean arterial pressure in SHR equi-effectively, as monitored by radiotelemetry, without altering heart rate. All drugs also reduced the increased cardiomyocyte area in SHR, and tended to normalize the elevated brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels. In the Langendorff set-up, all drugs normalized the diminished endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to bradykinin in SHR. Moreover, aliskiren and irbesartan, but not captopril, decreased the enhanced coronary Ang II response in SHR. Aliskiren reduced plasma renin activity and the plasma and tissue angiotensin levels at 1 week of treatment; yet, after 3 weeks of aliskiren treatment only the cardiac angiotensin levels remained suppressed, whereas no tissue angiotensin reductions were seen with captopril or irbesartan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For a given decrease in blood pressure, aliskiren improves coronary endothelial function and decreases cardiac hypertrophy in SHR to at least the same degree as ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade. In addition, aliskiren diminishes the enhanced Ang II response in the coronary circulation of SHR and offers superior long-term cardiac angiotensin suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joep H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Esch
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moltzer
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Veghel
authors.forename: Ingrid M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Garrelds
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leijten
authors.forename: Angelique M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bouhuizen
authors.forename: A H Jan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Danser
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000809:Angiotensins / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077405:Irbesartan; D008297:Male; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000809:Angiotensins; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002216:Captopril; D005650:Fumarates; D000077405:Irbesartan; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D012083:Renin; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C446481:aliskiren