title: Short-term effectiveness of simple advice as a withdrawal strategy in simple and complicated medication overuse headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intensive advice (to withdraw the overused medication/s) as a withdrawal strategy in patients with simple and complicated medication overuse headache (MOH).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive MOH patients were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were co-existent severe medical or psychiatric illnesses, treatment with migraine prophylactic drugs within the past 3 months, and overuse of opioids and/or barbiturate-containing agents. MOH was defined as complicated in patients fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: (i) a diagnosis of co-existent, significant, and complicating medical illnesses; (ii) a current diagnosis of mood disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, or substance addiction disorder; (iii) a relapse after previous detoxification treatment; (iv) psycho-social and environmental problems; and (v) daily use of multiple doses of symptomatic medication/s. Withdrawal therapy was considered successful if, after 2 months, the patient had had reverted to an intake of NSAIDs lower than 15 days/month or to an intake of other symptomatic medication/s lower than 10 days/month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients had simple MOH and 49 patients had complicated MOH. Eleven patients failed to attend follow-up visits (simple MOH=3, complicated MOH=8, P>0.05). Of all the patients included in the study, we were able to detoxify 79% (92.1% of the patients with simple MOH and 65.3% of those with complicated MOH, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple advice is highly effective in simple MOH and effective in most complicated MOH patients and should be regarded as the first step in a step-care approach to MOH management.
authors.affiliation: Headache Clinic INI Grottaferrata, Via S. Anna snc, 00046 Grottaferrata, Rome, Italy. paolo.rossi90@alice.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Faroni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nappi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*