title: Silk-elastinlike protein polymers improve the efficacy of adenovirus thymidine kinase enzyme prodrug therapy of head and neck tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenoviral-directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a promising approach for head and neck cancer gene therapy. The challenges faced by this approach, however, comprise transient gene expression and dissemination of viruses to distant organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used recombinant silk-elastinlike protein polymer (SELP) matrices for intratumoral delivery of adenoviruses containing both thymidine kinase-1 and luciferase genes in a nude mouse model of JHU-022 head and neck tumor. Hydrogels made from two SELP analogues (47K and 815K), with similar silk to elastinlike block ratios but different block lengths, were studied for intratumoral viral delivery. Tumor-bearing mice were followed up for tumor progression and luciferase gene expression concomitantly for 5 weeks. Polymer safety was evaluated through body weight change, blood count, and liver and kidney functions, in addition to gross and microscopic histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SELP-815K analogues efficiently controlled the duration and extent of transfection in tumors for up to 5 weeks with no detectable spread to the liver. An approximately five-fold greater reduction in tumor volume was obtained with matrix-mediated delivery compared to intra-tumoral injection of adenoviruses in saline. SELP matrix proved safe in all injected mice compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SELP-controlled gene delivery approach could potentially improve the anticancer activity of virus-mediated gene therapy at the same time as limiting viral spread to normal organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Greish
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scharff
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cappello
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bert W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghandehari
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D011355:Prodrugs; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C533248:silk-elastinlike protein 47K; D008156:Luciferases; D013937:Thymidine Kinase