title: Spatial imaging and speciation of lead in the accumulator plant Sedum alfredii by microscopically focused synchrotron X-ray investigation.
abstract: Sedum alfredii (Crassulaceae), a species native to China, has been characterized as a Zn/Cd cohyperaccumulator and Pb accumulator though the mechanisms of metal tolerance and accumulation are largely unknown. Here, the spatial distribution and speciation of Pb in tissues of the accumulator plant was investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence and powder Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Lead was predominantly restricted to the vascular bundles of both leaf and stem of the accumulator. Micro-XRF analysis revealed that Pb distributed predominantly within the areas of vascular bundles, and a positive correlation between the distribution patterns of S and Pb was observed. The dominant chemical form of Pb (>60%) in tissues of both accumulating (AE) and nonaccumulating ecotype (NAE) S. alfredii was similar to prepared Pb-cell wall compounds. However, the percentage of the Pb-cell wall complex is lower in the stem and leaf of AE, and a small amount of Pb appeared to be associated with SH-compounds. These results suggested a very low mobility of Pb out of vascular bundles, and that the metal is largely retained in the cell walls during transportation in plants of S. alfredii.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Shengke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaoe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D031963:Sedum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000295:instrumentation; D017356:Synchrotrons; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead