title: NADPH oxidase 2 mediates intermittent hypoxia-induced mitochondrial complex I inhibition: relevance to blood pressure changes in rats.
abstract: Previous studies identified NADPH oxidases (Nox) and mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I as major cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating systemic and cellular responses to intermittent hypoxia (IH). In the present study, we investigated potential interactions between Nox and the mitochondrial complex I and assessed the contribution of mitochondrial ROS in IH-evoked elevation in blood pressure. IH treatment led to stimulus-dependent activation of Nox and inhibition of complex I activity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC)12 cells. After re-oxygenation, Nox activity returned to baseline values within 3 h, whereas the complex I activity remained downregulated even after 24 h. IH-induced complex I inhibition was prevented by Nox inhibitors, Nox2 but not Nox 4 siRNA, in cell cultures and was absent in gp91(phox-/Y) (Nox2 knock-out; KO) mice. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we show that ROS generated by Nox activation mobilizes Ca(2+) flux from the cytosol to mitochondria, leading to S-glutathionylation of 75- and 50-kDa proteins of the complex I and inhibition of complex I activity, which results in elevated mitochondrial ROS. Systemic administration of mito-tempol prevented the sustained but not the acute elevations of blood pressure in IH-treated rats, suggesting that mitochondrial-derived ROS contribute to sustained elevation of blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Shakil A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Jayasri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nanduri
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kinsman
authors.forename: Ganesh K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Balaraman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalyanaraman
authors.forename: Nanduri R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D005978:Glutathione