title: The orally combined neuroprotective effects of sodium ferulate and borneol against transient global ischaemia in C57 BL/6J mice.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the possible modification of the neuroprotective effect of sodium ferulate, when orally co-administered with borneol, in transient global cerebral ischaemia-induced functional, histological and cellular alterations in mice.
  
  
  
  The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion was conducted in C57 BL/6J mice for 25 min. The mice were then subjected to a water maze test over an extended recovery period, followed by an assessment of neuronal loss in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (haematoxylin and eosin staining). The blood-brain barrier permeability (Evans blue tracing), brain oedema and oxidative stress were assayed and histological sections were also immunostained for gliofibrillar acid protein (GFAP) expression.
  
  
  
  The ischaemia reperfused mice were associated with long-lasting spatial learning deficits in the absence of other behavioural impairments and with neurodegeneration in the hippocampal CA1 region. However, the histological injuries were significantly attenuated by oral co-administration of sodium ferulate and borneol. Furthermore, combined treatment with sodium ferulate and borneol resulted in a significant reduction in brain oedema, GFAP-positive cells, malonaldialdehyde levels and blood-brain barrier permeability, but an increase in superoxide dismutase activity.
  
  
  
  Borneol may have benefits for the neuroprotective effect of sodium ferulate against injury induced in the brain by ischaemia/reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhu-Zhen
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: An-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yu-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xue-Xuan
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Pei-Qing
authors.initials: PQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rong-Biao
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001892:Camphanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010539:Permeability; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C528900:glial fibrillary astrocytic protein, mouse; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C004999:ferulic acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C022871:isoborneol