title: Evaluating emergency ultrasound training in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In countries with fully developed emergency medicine systems, emergency ultrasound (EUS) plays an important role in the assessment and treatment of critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors sought to introduce EUS to a group of doctors working in the emergency departments (EDs) in India through an intensive 4-day adult and pediatric ultrasound course held at the Apex Trauma Center and EM division of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi. The workshop was evaluated with a survey questionnaire and a hands-on practical test. The questionnaire was designed to assess the current state of EUS in India's EDs, and to identify potential barriers to the incorporation of EUS into current EM practice. The EUS course consisted of a general introductory didactic session followed by pediatric, abdominal and trauma, cardiothoracic, obstetrical and gynecologic, and vascular modules. Each module had a didactic session followed by handson applications with live models and/or simulators. A post-course survey questionnaire was given to the participants, and there was a practical test on the final day of the course. The ultrasound images taken by the participants were digitally recorded, and were subsequently graded for their accuracy by independent observers, residency, and/or fellowship trained in EUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 42 participants who completed the workshop and took the practical examination; 32 participants filled in the course evaluation survey. Twenty-four (75%) participants had no prior experience with EUS, 5 (16%) had some experience, and 3 (9%) had significant experience. During the practical examination, 38 of 42 participants (90%) were able to identify Morison's pouch on the focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) examination, and 32 (76%) were able to obtain a parasternal long axis cardiac view and identify the left ventricle. The inferior vena cava was identified as it crosses the diaphragm into the right atrium by 20 (48%) participants. All participants felt they would be able to incorporate what they had learned into their practice, and indicated that they were advocates for further training of non-radiologist clinicians in the use of ED ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After this introductory workshop in EUS, the participants were comfortable in their ability to use the ultrasound machine. Participants deemed it particularly useful for certain ED applications, particularly the FAST examination, the lung examination, and vascular access.
authors.affiliation: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, JPN Apex Trauma Center, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peckler
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Secko
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Murmu
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galwankar
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhoi