title: The tyrosine kinase c-Abl promotes proliferation and is expressed in atypical teratoid and malignant rhabdoid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atypical teratoid/rhaboid tumors (AT/RTs) and extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors are highly malignant neoplasms with a dismal prognosis. These tumors predominantly affect infants and targeted, adjuvant treatment approaches would be highly desirable.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, the authors investigated the expression and functional role of tyrosine kinases in 2 malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines (A204 and G401) and in a series of 5 AT/RTs and 18 malignant rhabdoid tumors (13 rhabdoid tumors of the kidney and 5 extrarenal rhabdoid tumors).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cell lines consistently expressed the tyrosine kinase c-Abl, which promoted proliferation as assessed by small interfering RNA knockdown. Blockage of c-Abl using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib resulted in reduced cellular growth in both cell lines. Furthermore, c-Abl was expressed in all rhabdoid tumors, whereas expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor subtypes alpha and beta was infrequent and c-Kit expression was absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data pointed toward a role for c-Abl in the biology of malignant rhabdoid tumors and provided a rationale for the investigation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target c-Abl for the treatment of these aggressive tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koos
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeibmann
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lünenbürger
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mertsch
authors.forename: Nina N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Nupponen
authors.forename: Annariikka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roselli
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leuschner
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Frühwald
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasselblatt
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000378:metabolism*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl