Proteomic analyses lead to a better understanding of celiac disease: focus on epitope recognition and autoantibodies.
Proteomic technologies are being used with increasing frequency in the scientific community. In this review, we have highlighted their use in celiac disease (CD). The available techniques, which include two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and antibody and tissue arrays, have been used to identify proteins or changes in protein expression specific to gut tissue from patients with CD. A number of studies have employed proteomic methodologies to determine the diagnostic biomarkers in body fluids or to examine changes in protein expression and posttranslational modifications during signaling. A fast technological development of these methods, along with the combination of classic techniques with proteomics, will lead to new discoveries, which will consent a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CD.
De Re
Valli
V
Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Molecular Oncology and Translational Medicine, Domert, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, Italy. vdere@cro.it
Simula
Maria Paola
MP
Canzonieri
Vincenzo
V
Cannizzaro
Renato
R
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000502:physiology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins