title: Cellular immune response and cytokine profile among hepatitis C positive living donor renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is prevalent among renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five recipients of living donor renal transplantation with HCV (group I) and without HCV (group II) were serially monitored at three time points, that is, pretransplant, day 10, and 6 months posttransplant. Phenotypic characterization of T-cell subsets and natural killer cells was performed by flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Cytometric bead array immunoassay was used to simultaneously measure six cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) from phytohemagglutin-stimulated culture supernatants, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels were determined by ELISA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the serum viral load among group I patients at three time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group I patients on day 10 posttransplant showed a significant increase in T cells subsets with reduced interferon-γ and increased TGF-β1 levels. A significantly increased CD8 T cells and TGF-β levels were seen at 6-month posttransplant among group I patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed TGF-β and tumor necrosis factor-α as the most significant predictors affecting early (day 10) and late (6 months) posttransplant viral load, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After an initial increase in the viral load immediately posttransplantation, there is a reduction in viral load. A concomitant timed dissection of the immune response shows a complex interactive environment in which, despite immunosuppression, not only the antiviral immune response persists but the virus is also able to modulate the host immune response for its survival. Per se, HCV does not adversely affect the allograft or patient outcome in this case-control study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Shivali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Justa
authors.forename: Ranjana W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Minz
authors.forename: Mukut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minz
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pasricha
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Yogesh K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sakhuja
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005838:Genotype; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D019520:Living Donors; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha