title: Renal impairment, hypertension and plasma urotensin II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human urotensin II (UII) is a potent mammalian vasoconstrictor thought to be produced and cleared by the kidneys. Conflicting data exist regarding the relationship between UII concentrations, kidney function and blood pressure (BP). We measured the associations between kidney function [including end-stage renal disease (ESRD)] and levels of BP with plasma concentrations of UII.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one subjects were enrolled. Thirty-one subjects had ESRD (undergoing haemodialysis), 30 subjects had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 30 control subjects had no kidney disease. Plasma UII concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean plasma UII concentrations were highest in controls, lower in subjects with ESRD and lowest in subjects with non-ESRD CKD (P<0.0001). UII concentrations correlated negatively with serum creatinine (P=0.0012) and CKD stage, and positively with creatinine clearance (P=0.013). In ESRD subjects, plasma UII (P=0.008) increased after dialysis, while SBP (P=0.007), DBP (P=0.009), serum creatinine (P<0.0001) and serum urea nitrogen (P<0.0001) decreased. UII concentrations were lower in patients with a history of hypertension (HTN) (P=0.016). Age, race and gender did not appear to be associated with UII concentration. However, the distribution of African American race and male gender appear to be associated with increasing stages of chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a potential vasodilatory role of UII in humans with kidney disease or hypertension. The reduction in UII levels in CKD also suggests either reduced production or greater clearance, or both, of UII.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosenkis
authors.forename: Radhakrishna R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kallem
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Danoff
authors.forename: Nambi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aiyar
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bazeley
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D014579:Urotensins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014579:Urotensins; C029677:urotensin II