title: The prevalence of peripheral arteriopathy is higher in ischaemic stroke as compared with transient ischaemic attack and intracerebral haemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little data on the association of peripheral arterial disease and stroke. We aimed to assess the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in acute stroke and to identify the predisposing factors for peripheral arterial disease in a stroke cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled all consecutive patients who were admitted to our stroke- and neurocritical care units with the diagnosis of a transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke over a period of 5 months. As controls, we analysed 50 nonvascular neurological patients who were matched to age. Upon admission, assessment of the ankle brachial index was performed in all patients. The only exclusion criteria was decompensated congestive heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, we compared 374 stroke patients (95 transient ischaemic attack, 231 ischaemic, and 48 haemorrhagic strokes) and 50 nonstroke controls. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in the control group was 14%. There was a trend towards a higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in stroke patients (chi(2)-test: P=0.051; prevalence peripheral arterial disease in transient ischaemic attack: 16.8%, ischaemic stroke: 32%, and haemorrhagic stroke: 20.8%). A higher proportion of ischaemic stroke patients were peripheral arterial disease-positive, compared with transient ischaemic attack patients (P=0.005) and controls (P=0.011), respectively. Multivariate regression analyses identified the parameters age, arterial hypertension, current or former smokers and a history of cardiovascular events to be predisposing factors of peripheral arterial disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents the first systematic investigation of the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in stroke. By now, it is clear that: * peripheral arterial disease is more commonly found in stroke than in nonstroke patients * ischaemic stroke patients show the highest prevalence of peripheral arterial disease, and * peripheral arterial disease in stroke is related to common vascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. martin.koehrmann@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Hagen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Huttner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köhrmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauer
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lücking
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kloska
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doerfler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schellinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids