title: Ataluren (PTC124) induces cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression and activity in children with nonsense mutation cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsense (premature stop codon) mutations in mRNA for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis (CF) in approximately 10% of patients. Ataluren (PTC124) is an oral drug that permits ribosomes to readthrough premature stop codons in mRNA to produce functional protein.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate ataluren activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics in children with nonsense mutation CF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assessed in two 28-day cycles, comprising 14 days on and 14 days off ataluren. Patients took ataluren three times per day (morning, midday, and evening) with randomization to the order of receiving a lower dose (4, 4, and 8 mg/kg) and a higher dose (10, 10, and 20 mg/kg) in the two cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study enrolled 30 patients (16 male and 14 female, ages 6 through 18 yr) with a nonsense mutation in at least one allele of the CFTR gene, a classical CF phenotype, and abnormal baseline nasal epithelial chloride transport. Ataluren induced a nasal chloride transport response (at least a -5-mV improvement) or hyperpolarization (value more electrically negative than -5 mV) in 50% and 47% of patients, respectively, with more hyperpolarizations at the higher dose. Improvements were seen in seven of nine nonsense mutation genotypes represented. Ataluren significantly increased the proportion of nasal epithelial cells expressing apical full-length CFTR protein. Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were infrequent and usually mild. Ataluren pharmacokinetics were similar to those in adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with nonsense mutation CF, ataluren can induce functional CFTR production and is well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. isabelle.sermet@nck.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sermet-Gaudelus
authors.forename: Kris De
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Boeck
authors.forename: Georges J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Casimir
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Teresinha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mogenet
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hanssens
authors.forename: Samit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirawat
authors.forename: Nilsen L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reha
authors.forename: Temitayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ajayi
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Elfring
authors.forename: Langdon L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D018389:Codon, Nonsense / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C515878:ataluren