title: Assessment of benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of residential indoor versus outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposing young children in New York City.
abstract: The application of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-toxic equivalent factor to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations can provide a more accurate risk assessment from environmental exposure to PAH. We hypothesized that BaP-equivalent toxicity determined following residential air monitoring among young urban children may vary by season. Residential indoor and outdoor air levels of PAH measured over two-weeks in a cohort of 5-6 year old children (n = 260) in New York City were normalized to the cancer and mutagen potency equivalent factor of BaP (BaP = 1). Data are presented as carcinogenic equivalents (BaP-TEQ) and mutagenic equivalents (BaP-MEQ) for the sum of 8 PAH (Sigma(8)PAH; MW >or= 228) and individual PAH and compared across heating versus nonheating seasons. Results show that heating compared to nonheating season was associated significantly with higher (BaP-TEQ)(Sigma8PAH) and (BaP-MEQ)(Sigma8PAH) both indoors and outdoors (p < 0.001). Outdoor (BaP-TEQ)(Sigma8)(PAH) and (BaP-MEQ)(Sigma8PAH) were significantly higher than the corresponding indoor measures during the heating season (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that at levels encountered in New York City air, especially during the heating season, residential exposure to PAH may pose an increased risk of cancer and mutation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E, New York, NY 10032, USA. kj2237@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Kyung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Beizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chillrud
authors.forename: Frederica P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whyatt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camann
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009519:New York City; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D011786:Quality Control; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene