title: HIV infection among tuberculosis patients in Vietnam: prevalence and impact on tuberculosis notification rates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vietnam has an emerging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic (estimated population prevalence 0.5%), but valid data on HIV prevalence among tuberculosis (TB) patients are limited. Recent increases in TB notification rates among young adults may be related to HIV.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of HIV infection among smear-positive TB patients in six provinces with relatively high HIV population prevalence in Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who registered for treatment of smear-positive TB during the fourth quarter of 2005 were offered HIV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1217 TB patients included in the study, 100 (8.2%) tested HIV-positive. HIV prevalence varied between 2% and 17% in the provinces, and was strongly associated with age < 35 years, injecting drug use, commercial sex work and a history of sexually transmitted disease. Among men aged 15-34 years, the rate of notification of new smear-positive TB that was attributable to HIV infection varied from 3-4 per 100,000 population in mainly rural provinces to 20-42/100,000 in provinces with rapid industrial and commercial development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among TB patients in Vietnam, HIV infection is concentrated in drug users, as well as in specific geographic areas where it has considerable impact on TB notification rates among men aged 15-34 years.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thanh
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Sy
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Linh
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hoan
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Dien
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Thuy
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hoa
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cobelens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult