title: Effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics at placement of dental implants: a pragmatic multicentre placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for dental implant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen dentists working in private practices agreed to participate in this trial, each centre providing 50 patients. One hour prior to implant placement, patients were randomised to take orally 2 g amoxicillin or identical placebo tablets. Patients needing bone augmentation at implant placement were not included. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures, adverse events and post-operative complications. Patients were seen 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 months post-operatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two centres did not deliver any data, two centres did not manage to include the agreed quota of patients and three patients had to be excluded. Two-hundred and fifty-two patients were evaluated in the antibiotic group and 254 in the placebo group, and none dropped out at 4 months. Four prostheses and seven implants (in five patients) failed in the antibiotics group versus 10 prostheses and 13 implants (in 12 patients) in the placebo group. Eleven complications were reported in the antibiotic group versus 13 (in 12 patients) in the placebo group. No side effects were reported. There were no statistically significant differences for prosthesis failures, implant losses and complications. Patients receiving immediate post-extractive implants had an increased failure risk compared with patients receiving delayed implants (9% versus 2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No statistically significant differences were observed, although trends clearly favoured the antibiotic group. Immediate post-extractive implants were more likely to fail.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. espositomarco@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bozzoli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Checchi
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landriani
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Marzio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todisco
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torchio
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Felice
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D000658:Amoxicillin