title: Scanning electrochemical microscopy.
abstract: This review describes work done in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) since 2000 with an emphasis on new applications and important trends, such as nanometer-sized tips. SECM has been adapted to investigate charge transport across liquid/liquid interfaces and to probe charge transport in thin films and membranes. It has been used in biological systems like single cells to study ion transport in channels, as well as cellular and enzyme activity. It is also a powerful and useful tool for the evaluation of the electrocatalytic activities of different materials for useful reactions, such as oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation. SECM has also been used as an electrochemical tool for studies of the local properties and reactivity of a wide variety of materials, including metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Finally, SECM has been combined with several other nonelectrochemical techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, to enhance and complement the information available from SECM alone.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: Fu-Ren F
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Mirkin
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Unwin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007700:Kinetics; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction