title: Imaging of compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The on-going quest for potentially disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson's disease has prompted the development of methods that can differentiate direct disease effects from compensatory processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PET studies have suggested a number of changes at the synaptic level to maintain integrity of dopaminergic systems. Functional MRI studies support the long-held belief that relatively intact cerebellar circuits may compensate for impaired basal ganglia function. Altered connectivity and increased spatial extent of activation also appear to be mechanisms through which motor and cognitive performance can be maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ascertaining which changes in brain activation in Parkinson's disease are, in fact, compensatory represents a serious challenge. Compensatory mechanisms have been demonstrated from the microscopic, synaptic level to the macroscopic, system level. Augmentation of compensatory mechanisms, in addition to ameliorating the loss of dopaminergic neurons, may represent a joint strategy for overall minimization of disability.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appel-Cresswell
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Fuente-Fernandez
authors.forename: Shawna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galley
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McKeown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology