title: Successful reproduction requires the function of Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 and Yellow Stripe-Like3 metal-nicotianamine transporters in both vegetative and reproductive structures.
abstract: Several members of the Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family of proteins are transporters of metals that are bound to the metal chelator nicotianamine or the related set of mugineic acid family chelators known as phytosiderophores. Here, we examine the physiological functions of three closely related Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) YSL family members, AtYSL1, AtYSL2, and AtYSL3, to elucidate their role(s) in the allocation of metals into various organs of Arabidopsis. We show that AtYSL3 and AtYSL1 are localized to the plasma membrane and function as iron transporters in yeast functional complementation assays. By using inflorescence grafting, we show that AtYSL1 and AtYSL3 have dual roles in reproduction: their activity in the leaves is required for normal fertility and normal seed development, while activity in the inflorescences themselves is required for proper loading of metals into the seeds. We further demonstrate that the AtYSL1 and AtYSL2 proteins, when expressed from the AtYSL3 promoter, can only partially rescue the phenotypes of a ysl1ysl3 double mutant, suggesting that although these three YSL transporters are closely related and have similar patterns of expression, they have distinct activities in planta. In particular, neither AtYSL1 nor AtYSL2 is able to functionally complement the reproductive defects exhibited by ysl1ysl3 double mutant plants.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Heng-Hsuan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiecko
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Punshon
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzirotti
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lahner
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Salt
authors.forename: Elsbeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001383:Azetidinecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D035264:Flowers / Q000378:metabolism*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D052585:Phloem / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D012098:Reproduction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D013489:Suppression, Genetic; D017356:Synchrotrons; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008670:Metals; C507688:YSL1 protein, Arabidopsis; C514759:YSL3 protein, Arabidopsis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C082893:nicotianamine; D013395:Sucrose; D001383:Azetidinecarboxylic Acid; D007501:Iron