title: Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure predict teen cocaine use.
abstract: Preclinical studies have identified alterations in cocaine and alcohol self-administration and behavioral responses to pharmacological challenges in adolescent offspring following prenatal exposure. To date, no published human studies have evaluated the relation between prenatal cocaine exposure and postnatal adolescent cocaine use. Human studies of prenatal cocaine-exposed children have also noted an increase in behaviors previously associated with substance use/abuse in teens and young adults, specifically childhood and teen externalizing behaviors, impulsivity, and attention problems. Despite these findings, human research has not addressed prior prenatal exposure as a potential predictor of teen drug use behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relations between prenatal cocaine exposure and teen cocaine use in a prospective longitudinal cohort (n=316) that permitted extensive control for child, parent and community risk factors. Logistic regression analyses and Structural Equation Modeling revealed that both prenatal exposure and postnatal parent/caregiver cocaine use were uniquely related to teen use of cocaine at age 14 years. Teen cocaine use was also directly predicted by teen community violence exposure and caregiver negativity, and was indirectly related to teen community drug exposure. These data provide further evidence of the importance of prenatal exposure, family and community factors in the intergenerational transmission of teen/young adult substance abuse/use.
authors.affiliation: The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. vdelaney@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delaney-Black
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chiodo
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janisse
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huestis
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ager
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sokol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010332:Paternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D012931:Social Environment; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine