title: Reduced immune reaction prevents immunopathology after challenge with avian influenza virus: a transcriptomics analysis of adjuvanted vaccines.
abstract: To gain more insight in underlying mechanisms correlating to protection against avian influenza virus (AIV) infection, we investigated correlates of protection after AIV H9N2 infection and studied the contribution of different adjuvants to a protective response at host transcriptional level. One-day-old chickens were immunised with inactivated H9N2 supplemented with w/o, Al(OH)(3), CpG or without adjuvant. Two weeks later, birds were homologously challenged and at 1-4 days post challenge (d.p.c.) trachea and lung were collected. Birds immunised with H9N2+w/o or H9N2+Al(OH)(3) were protected against challenge infection and had lower viral RNA expression, less immune related genes induced after challenge, a lower amplitude of change of gene expression and smaller cellular influxes compared to the higher and prolonged gene expression in unprotected birds. We show that a limited number of differentially expressed genes correlates with reduced immune activation and subsequently reduced immunopathology after challenge with AIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sylvia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Reemers
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Marian J Groot
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koerkamp
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Haarlem
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van de Haar
authors.forename: Winfried G J
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Degen
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Eden
authors.forename: Lonneke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vervelde
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D014132:Trachea / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines