title: Exploration of potential genomic portraits associated with intrahepatic recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous disease with recognized variability in virus infection, genetic features, and clinical outcome. To date, transcriptional profilings of HCC have been used to predict recurrence or survival/prognosis. However, there remains a challenge to identify specific genomic prints associated with HCC recurrence, which could lead to novel therapies or effective treatment. Here we examine the association between biological signals and intrahepatic recurrence using global gene expression profiles and powerful analytical methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiles were generated in 24 HCC patients with hepatitis B infections (B-type HCC) and 60 HCC patients with hepatitis C infections (C-type HCC). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the entire ranked gene lists related to early intrahepatic recurrence, based on "ideal discriminator method."
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSEA revealed Ribosomal Proteins as a common regulatory pathway in B-type (P < .001) and C-type (P = .003) HCC recurrence. In addition, Proteasome (P < .001) and Pentose Phosphate Pathway (P = .01) were identified as specific pathways in each type of HCC recurrence, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding these biologically common and different mechanisms related to intrahepatic recurrence in B-type and C-type HCC could be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies in our fight against HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kittaka
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takemasa
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marubashi
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dono
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeshita
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm