title: Chloroform extract of aged black garlic attenuates TNF-α-induced ROS generation, VCAM-1 expression, NF-κB activation and adhesiveness for monocytes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: Aged black garlic is a type of fermented garlic (Allium sativum) which has been used in Oriental countries for a long time because of various biological properties of garlic derivatives. The current study explored the potential of the chloroform extract of aged black garlic (CEABG) in attenuating the activities of adhesion molecules in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The study was performed on HUVECs that were pretreated with 30 μg/mL of CEABG before TNF-α treatment. Treatment of HUVECs with CEABG significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. HUVECs treated with CEABG showed markedly suppressed TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of VCAM-1, but little alteration in ICAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA expression. CEABG treatment also significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced cell surface and total protein expression of VCAM-1 without affecting ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. In addition, treatment of HUVECs with CEABG markedly reduced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Furthermore, CEABG significantly inhibited NF-κB transcription factor activation in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. The data provide new evidence of the antiinflammatory properties of CEABG that may have a potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis through mechanisms involving the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression and NF-κB activation in vascular endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Na
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Whan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hye Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Kyeong
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyo Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myoung June
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki-Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Bong Seon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019040:E-Selectin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1