title: Pelvic girdle pain: potential risk factors in pregnancy in relation to disability and pain intensity three months postpartum.
abstract: The objective of this prospective cohort study was to examine how results of clinical tests on women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP) in late pregnancy were associated with disability and pain intensity 12 weeks postpartum controlling for socio-demographical and psychological factors. Out of the 283 women clinically examined in gestation week 30, 179 were considered afflicted from PGP and constituted the study sample. Potential risk factors were assessed by questionnaires (at inclusion and in gestation week 30) and clinical examination in gestation week 30. The clinical examination included pain provocation tests for the pelvis as well as the active straight leg raise test. We used pain intensity and disability (disability rating index, DRI) as response variables, derived from questionnaires 12 weeks postpartum. Using multivariable linear regression analyses, sum of pain provocation tests and pre-pregnancy low back pain (LBP) were significantly associated with DRI 12 weeks postpartum. Furthermore, sum of pain provocation tests and number of pain sites were significantly associated with pain intensity. In conclusion, we found that when including results of clinical tests as risk factors together with socio-demographical and psychological factors in multivariable regression models, the clinical risk factors are the ones that remain significant. These results are of clinical importance because they seem to have the potential to identify women with a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, PO Box 1153, Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. h.s.robinson@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Hilde Stendal
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Anne Marit
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mengshoel
authors.forename: Marit B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Veierød
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vøllestad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult