title: Clinical impact of intraoperative histological examination of the ductal resection margin in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although ductal resection margin status in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is evaluated by intraoperative histological examination of frozen sections, its clinical relevance remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Material taken from patients who underwent R0 or R1 resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with intraoperative histological examination of the final ductal resection margins between 1994 and 2003 were reviewed. The following histological classification was used: insufficient, negative for malignancy (NM), undetermined lesion (UDL) or positive for malignancy (PM). Multivariable analyses of overall survival and anastomotic recurrence in relation to ductal margin status were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resection material from 363 patients was identified. For the proximal ductal margin, only PM in intramural lesions was significantly associated with poor survival (hazard ratio (HR) 1.72, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.06 to 2.74) and anastomotic recurrence (HR 6.39, 95 per cent c.i. 1.89 to 21.62) compared with NM. In analysis of overall survival according to distal ductal margin status, the HRs for UDL and PM lesions in comparison with NM were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PM in intramural lesions found during intraoperative histological examination of the proximal ductal resection margin was related to clinical outcome. This finding favours additional resection of the bile duct. A similar association was not found for histology results of the distal resection margin.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Surgical Oncology Division, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan. mkonishi@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome