Micromechanics and ultrastructure of pyrolysed softwood cell walls.
Pyrolytic conversion causes severe changes in the microstructure of the wood cell wall. Pine wood pyrolysed up to 325 °C was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation measurements to monitor changes in structure and mechanical properties. Latewood cell walls were tested in the axial, radial and tangential directions at different temperatures of pyrolysis. A strong anisotropy of elastic properties in the native cell wall was found. Loss of the hierarchical structure of the cell wall due to pyrolysis resulted in elastic isotropy at 300 °C. The development of the mechanical properties with increasing temperature can be explained by alterations in the structure and it was found that the elastic properties were clearly related to length and orientation of the microfibrils.
Brandt
Björn
B
Department of Materials Science and Engineering-1, General Materials Properties, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Zollfrank
Cordt
C
Franke
Oliver
O
Fromm
Jörg
J
Göken
Mathias
M
Durst
Karsten
K
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D006244:Hardness / Q000502:physiology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D028223:Pinus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013696:Temperature; D014934:Wood / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*