title: Monitoring of pesticide residues in market basket samples of vegetable from Lucknow City, India: QuEChERS method.
abstract: The study was conducted on 20 vegetables including leafy, root, modified stem, and fruity vegetables like bitter gourd, jack fruit, french-bean, onion, colocassia, pointed gourd, capsicum, spinach, potato, fenugreek seeds, carrot, radish, cucumber, beetroot, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, okra, and bottle gourd. Forty-eight pesticides including 13 organochlorines (OCs), 17 organophosphates (OPs), 10 synthetic pyrethriods (SPs), and eight herbicides (H) pesticides were analyzed. A total number of 60 samples, each in triplicates, were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method. The quantification was done by GC-ECD/NPD. The recovery varies from 70.22% to 96.32% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 15%. However the limit of detection ranged from 0.001-0.009 mg kg(-1)for OCs, SPs, OPs, and H, respectively. Twenty-three pesticides were detected from total 48 analyzed pesticides in the samples with the range of 0.005-12.35 mg kg(-1). The detected pesticides were: Σ-HCH, Dicofol, Σ-Endosulfan, Fenpropathrin, Permethrin-II, β-cyfluthrin-II, Fenvalerate-I, Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorofenvinfos, Anilophos, and Dimethachlor. In some vegetables like radish, cucumber, cauliflower, cabbage, and okra, the detected pesticides (Σ-HCH, Permethrin-II, Dichlorvos, and Chlorofenvinfos) were above maximum residues limit (MRL) (PFA 1954). However, in other vegetables the level of pesticide residues was either below detection limit or MRL.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Govt. of India), P.O. Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Ashutosh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Purushottam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohani
authors.forename: Laxman Prasad
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis; D007194:India; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D009570:Nitriles; D010755:Organophosphates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011722:Pyrethrins; C044267:fenpropathrin; C052570:cyfluthrin