title: Laparoscopic versus open celiac ganglionectomy in patients with median arcuate ligament syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare disorder characterized by abdominal pain and compression of the celiac artery. Traditional management consists of open MAL division, with or without arterial reconstruction. We present our outcomes using a laparoscopic approach and compare them to patients treated with open MAL division during the same period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective medical records review of all patients with MALS treated at the University of California-Los Angeles from January 1999 to 2009 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients with MALS were treated. All patients underwent an extensive preoperative gastrointestinal (GI) workup with 10 undergoing attempted laparoscopic division of the MAL and celiac ganglion (laparoscopic ganglionectomy [LG]). Two intraoperative conversions were performed for bleeding. Six patients were treated in the open surgery group (open ganglionectomy [OG]). There were no deaths or reoperations in either group. Median time to feeding was 1.0 vs 2.8 days (P≤.05) in the LG and OG groups, respectively, which was statistically significant. Median length of hospitalization was also significantly lower in the LG group compared with the OG group (2.3 vs 7.0 days; P≤.05). Eight patients had LG (100%) and 5 patients had OG (83%) and had immediate symptom resolution (postoperative day 1). Three patients with recurrent symptoms after LG underwent angiography demonstrating persistent celiac stenosis, then an angioplasty was performed. Median follow-up was 14.0 months (2-65 months) for all patients. Three patients who received LG (38%) and 3 patients who received OG (50%) had persistent pain at last follow-up. Six patients in the OG group (100%) and 7 patients in the LG group (88%) had ceased taking chronic oral narcotics at their last follow-up visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both laparoscopic and open MAL division and celiac ganglionectomy can be safely performed with minimal patient morbidity and mortality. Late recurrence is frequently seen; however, this seems to be milder than the presenting symptoms. The laparoscopic approach results in avoidance of laparotomy and was associated with shorter inpatient hospitalization and decreased time to feeding in our study. Optimal patient selection and prediction of clinical response in these patients remains a challenge.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Allan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Tulloch
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Dutson
authors.forename: Wesley S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rigberg
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Derubertis
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Quinones-Baldrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002445:Celiac Artery; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000601:surgery*; D015171:Ganglionectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007902:Length of Stay; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult