title: Sensory testing of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: differential block and variability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine if sensory block following spinal anaesthesia, measured with a range of devices, corresponded to the hierarchy of nerve fibre size in the area of differential block, and to compare the distribution and variability of recorded measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with singleton pregnancies > 36 weeks of gestation undergoing elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia were recruited. An identical spinal anaesthetic was given to all. A single researcher with no clinical role assessed block height at 20 min from the time of spinal injection. Six tests were used in random order to measure four sensory modalities: ethyl chloride (cold), calibrated Neuropen (sharp), standardized monofilament 10 g (pressure), Neurotip stroking (light touch), monofilament stroking (light touch), cotton wool (light touch). The cost of each method of testing was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median differences between the four modalities were significant (Friedman test, P < 0.0001), but paired tests failed to find significant differences between Neuropen (sharp) and monofilament (pressure), monofilament (pressure) and Neurotip (light touch), and between tests for light touch. The tests for light touch had the least dermatomal spread and produced a unimodal distribution. The coefficient of variation was highest with ethyl chloride (24.1%) and the lowest with cotton wool (10.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensory fibre hierarchy could be identified. Tests for light touch showed the least variability. More expensive tests do not appear to have any advantage over the least expensive test, cotton wool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric Anaesthesia, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK. mkocarev@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocarev
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McLure
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Columb
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lyons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004809:Ephedrine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009407:Nerve Block; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010656:Phenylephrine; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D004809:Ephedrine