Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetes mellitus.
Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in obesity-related type 2 diabetes. The imbalance in repair and injury (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia) results in microvascular changes, including apoptosis of microvascular cells, ultimately leading to diabetes related complications. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the interplay between endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis may cause (micro)vascular damage in patients with diabetes mellitus.
van den Oever
Inge A M
IA
Department of Rheumatology, Jan van Breemen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Raterman
Hennie G
HG
Nurmohamed
Mike T
MT
Simsek
Suat
S
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology