title: Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin system proteins-immunolocalization in the rat central nervous system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin (Trx) family of proteins play a major role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Redox imbalance is a major feature of brain damage. For instance, neuronal damage and glial reaction induced by a hypoxic-ischemic episode is highly related to glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Most animal models of hypoxia-ischemia in the central nervous system (CNS) use rats to study the mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death, however, no comprehensive study on the localization of the redox proteins in the rat CNS was available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this work was to study the distribution of the following proteins of the thioredoxin and glutathione/glutaredoxin (Grx) systems in the rat CNS by immunohistochemistry: Trx1, Trx2, TrxR1, TrxR2, Txnip, Grx1, Grx2, Grx3, Grx5, and γ-GCS, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), Prx2, Prx3, Prx4, Prx5, and Prx6. We have focused on areas most sensitive to a hypoxia-ischemic insult: Cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, spinal cord, substantia nigra, cortex and retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies implied that these redox proteins may be distributed in most cell types and regions of the CNS. Here, we have observed several remarkable differences in both abundance and regional distribution that point to a complex interplay and crosstalk between the proteins of this family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We think that these data might be helpful to reveal new insights into the role of thiol redox pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-ischemia insults and other disorders of the CNS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Human and Murine Redox Protein Atlases.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Medicina and Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Aon-Bertolino
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galeano
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holubiec
authors.forename: Maria Sol
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Badorrey
authors.forename: Gustavo Ezequiel
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Saraceno
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hanschmann
authors.forename: Christopher Horst
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lillig
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001271:Atlases as Topic; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054477:Glutaredoxins; D013879:Thioredoxins