title: Brief report: biomarkers of aortic vascular prosthetic graft infection in a porcine model with Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Aortic vascular prosthetic graft infection (AVPGI) with Staphylococcus aureus is a feared post-operative complication. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and potential biomarkers of infection in a porcine AVPGI model. The biomarkers evaluated were: C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, white blood cells (WBC), major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) density, lymphocyte CD4:CD8 ratio and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in vitro responsiveness. Sixteen pigs were included in the study, and randomly assigned into four groups (n = 4): "SHAM" pigs had their infra-renal aorta exposed by laparotomy; "CLEAN" pigs had an aortic graft inserted; "LOW" and "HIGH" pigs had an aortic graft inserted and, subsequently, S. aureus were inoculated on the graft material (5 × 10(4) colony-forming units [CFU] and 1 × 10(6) CFU, respectively). Biomarkers were evaluated prior to surgery and on day 2, 5, 7, and 14 post-operatively in blood samples. Of all biomarkers evaluated, CRP was superior for diagnosing S. aureus AVPGI in pigs, with a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.75.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Bioscience, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark. Sine.Langerhuus@agrsci.dk
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Langerhuus
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tønnesen
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Damgaard
authors.forename: P M H
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Heegaard
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Halekoh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lauridsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D015415:Biomarkers; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein