title: Rosuvastatin, identified from a zebrafish chemical genetic screen for antiangiogenic compounds, suppresses the growth of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in males in Western countries. Despite improvements in standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, many patients still progress to advanced stages. Recent clinical trials have shown encouraging results regarding the application of angiogenic inhibitors in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases, paving the way for novel PCa therapies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify new antiangiogenic compounds and examine their therapeutic potential in models of PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a chemical genetic screen in developing zebrafish embryos to identify small molecules inhibiting zebrafish angiogenesis. Transgenic Tg(flk1:EGFP) zebrafish embryos were used in the screening of the Spectrum Collection compound library. Subsequently, the antiangiogenic mechanism of an identified lead compound, rosuvastatin, was studied by conducting endothelial cell function assays and examining antitumor efficacy in a PCa xenograft mouse model. MEASUREMENTS, RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Seven lead compounds, including isorotenone, dihydromunduletone, aristolochic acid, simvastatin, mevastatin, lovastatin, and rosuvastatin, were identified to inhibit the growth of the zebrafish intersegmental vessels. Of these seven leads, rosuvastatin was further evaluated for its antiangiogenic mechanism and anticancer efficacy. Rosuvastatin decreased the viability of the human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) (one-half inhibitory concentration: 5.87 microM) by inducing G(1) phase arrest and promoting apoptosis. Moreover, rosuvastatin remarkably inhibited the migration of HUVECs and dose-dependently inhibited the HUVEC capillary-like tube formation in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that rosuvastatin suppressed xenografted PPC-1 prostate tumors in nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice associated with decreased microvessel density (MVD) and tumor cell apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, our data suggest that rosuvastatin possesses antiangiogenic and antitumor activities and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of PCa. This study represents the first zebrafish antiangiogenic chemical genetic screen to identify a lead compound that targets cancer angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Chunyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weiyang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Youdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bikow
authors.forename: Bingxin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Ruifa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium