title: Endoscopic vesicoureteral reflux correction in transplanted kidneys: does injection technique matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttransplant vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common urologic complication after renal transplantation, although its management is controversial. The treatment of choice is open surgical revision ureteral reimplantation with significant morbidity. Recently, endoscopic correction by using nonanimal dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (NA Dx/HA) injection has been reported to be effective in the treatment of VUR of transplanted kidneys. Herein, we present our 3-year endoscopic correction results in transplanted kidneys where we used two different injection techniques, subureteral and intraureteral.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent endoscopic VUR correction of posttransplant VUR by NA Dx/HA injection between July 2005 and March 2009. We excluded patients with underlying urologic abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 patients (14 women and 12 men) with a mean age of 32.2 years (range: 15–55) were studied. The VUR was also graded as nondilating reflux in 10 (grade I–II) and dilating reflux in 16 (grade III–IV). Seventeen ureters (5 nondilating and 12 dilating VUR) were injected NA Dx/HA intraureterally, and 9 ureters (5 nondilating and 4 dilating VUR) were injected NA Dx/HA subureterally. Overall success rate was 53.8% (14 out of 26). Intraureteral injection technique was successful in nine cases (52.9%), and subureteral injection technique was successful in five cases (55.5%). In nondilating VUR, injection corrected 90% (9 out of 10) of posttransplant patients, whereas in dilating VUR group injection corrected only 31.25% (5 out of 16). We found no statistical significance of injection technique on the success rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic correction by using NA Dx/HA with any injection technique seems to be a plausible alternative to correction of refluxing posttransplant ureters, particularly in nondilating VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. drsyucel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.forename: Yigit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Orcun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Tibet
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erdogru
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baykara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid