title: Is A1C Variability an Independent Predictor for the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the relative contribution of long-term glycemic variability to the risk of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of A1C variability on the progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among type 2 diabetic patients who visited Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital from March 2007 to September 2009, 120 patients who had carotid artery IMT measured annually and A1C checked every three months for at least one year were analyzed. Individual A1C variability was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of five A1C levels taken every three months for approximately one year. Change in IMT was defined as an increase in IMT on follow-up measurement. The association between the SD of A1C and changes in IMT was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With greater A1C variability, there was a greater increase in the mean IMT (r = 0.350, P < 0.001) of the carotid artery. After adjusting for confounding factors that may influence IMT, A1C variability was significantly associated with the progression of IMT (r = 0.222, P = 0.034). However, the SD of A1C was not a significant independent risk factor for the progression of IMT in multiple regression analysis (beta = 0.158, P = 0.093).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher A1C variability is associated with IMT progression in type 2 diabetic patients; however, it is not an independent predictor of IMT progression. Overall glycemic control is the most important factor in the progression of IMT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jun Goo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ohk Hyun
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Seong Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Gyung
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyeon Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Doo-Man
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ihm
authors.forename: Moon Gi
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyung Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo