title: Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors administration prior to acute ischemic stroke onset on in-hospital mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have shown promising results in decreasing the incidence and the severity of ischemic stroke in populations at risk and in improving ischemic stroke outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of ACEI use before ischemic stroke onset on in-hospital mortality and to identify the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of all patients with acute ischemic stroke attending the hospital from June 1, 2008 to November 30, 2008 was performed. Data were collected from medical records and included demographic information, diagnostic information, risk factors, previous ACEI use, and vital discharge status. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15 was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 327 patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied, of which 119 (36.4%) had documented previous ACEI use. During the study period, 52 (15.9%) of the patients with acute ischemic stroke died in hospital. In-hospital mortality was significantly lower among patients who were on ACEI before the attack (P = 0.002). The independent predictors for in-hospital mortality among patients with ischemic stroke were age >or=65 years (P < .001), the presence of diabetes mellitus (P = .012), renal impairment (P = .002), and heart failure (P = .001). Moreover, prior use of ACEI was an independent predictor for survival after ischemic stroke attack (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that the prophylactic administration of ACEI before ischemic stroke may be a potential life-saving strategy. Furthermore, knowledge of in-hospital mortality predictors is necessary to improve survival rate after acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia. yahaya@usm.my
authors.forename: Yahaya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Noorizan Abd
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Samah W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Al-Jabi
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: Sa'ed H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zyoud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000401:mortality; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors