title: How internet telephony could improve communication for hearing-impaired individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test, whether modern Internet telephony with a broadband transmission (0.1-8 kHz) of speech improves speech perception in comparison to conventional telephony (0.3-3.5 kHz) in hearing-impaired and normal-hearing adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audiologic laboratory in a tertiary referral center in Bern, Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adult hearing-impaired patients consisting of 11 users of cochlear implants and 10 users of hearing aids were selected from the institution's database based on pure tone audiograms, speech perception scores, and device settings. Ten normal-hearing adults served as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Superiority trial of speech perception assessed with Internet versus conventional telephone quality and noninferiority trial of Internet telephone versus frequency restricted, uncompressed audio CD quality. A modern broadband codec was chosen to simulate Internet telephone quality, and ideal network conditions without packet loss were assumed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speech perception scores of a monosyllabic word test in quiet and a sentence test in background noise assessed in different audio qualities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Test scores were, on average, 15% (4-33) higher in the monosyllabic word and 25% (8-51) higher in the sentence test using Internet versus conventional telephone quality across all subject groups. Speech perception was not significantly different when Internet telephone quality was compared with high-cut CD quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Internet telephony offers significantly improved speech perception to hearing-impaired and normal-hearing adults under ideal laboratory conditions through doubling the frequency range and through conserving audio quality during digital sound processing.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mantokoudis
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kompis
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubach
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caversaccio
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000703:Analog-Digital Conversion; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities; D012984:Software; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D055815:Young Adult