title: Late toxicity after conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer: impact of previous surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively compare late toxicity of conventional-dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 340 patients with T1-3 prostate cancer were treated with 3D-CRT (n = 228) and IMRT (n = 112). The median follow-up time was 5.9 years and 3.0 years, respectively. The prescription dose was 70 Gy for 3D-CRT and 78 Gy for IMRT. Late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities were graded according to the Fox Chase modification of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between 3D-CRT and IMRT in the incidence of GI and GU toxicity at 3 years. On multivariate analysis, transurethral resection of prostate/open transvesical prostatectomy (TURP/TVPE) for benign prostatic hyperplasia, carried out before radiotherapy, significantly increased the risk of Grade >or=2 GU toxicity (risk ratio 1.88). Among patients who experienced TURP/TVPE, the 5-year actuarial likelihood of Grade 2-3 urinary incontinence was 23%, compared with 9% for those without prostate surgery (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolerance of 3D-CRT and IMRT was similar, despite the use of high radiation dose with IMRT. Previous TURP/TVPE increased the risk of GU toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Radiation Oncology, Multiscan and Pardubice Regional Hospital, Pardubice, Czech Republic. odrazka@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odrazka
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolezel
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanasek
authors.forename: Miloslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaculikova
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zouhar
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sefrova
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paluska
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosmik
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohlova
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kolarova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navratil
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brodak
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prosvic
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors