title: Phase 1, placebo-controlled, dose escalation trial of chicory root extract in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracts of chicory root have anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in animal models of arthritis. The primary objective of this investigator-initiated, Phase 1, placebo-controlled, double blind, dose-escalating trial was to determine the safety and tolerability of a proprietary bioactive extract of chicory root in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Secondary objectives were to assess effects on the signs and symptoms of this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals greater than 50 years of age with OA of the hip or knee were eligible for trial entry. A total of 40 patients were enrolled in 3 cohorts and were treated with escalating chicory doses of 600 mg/day, 1200 mg/day and 1800 mg/day for 1 month. The ratio of active treatment to placebo was 5:3 in cohorts 1 and 2 (8 patients) each and 16:8 in cohort 3 (24 patients). Safety evaluations included measurement of vital signs and routine lab tests at baseline and the end of the treatment period. Efficacy evaluations at baseline and final visits included self-assessment questionnaires and measurement of the 25-foot walking time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the highest dose cohort, 18 patients who completed treatment per protocol were analyzed for efficacy. In this group, 13 patients showed at least 20% improvement in the defined response domains of pain, stiffness and global assessment: 9 of 10 (90%) patients randomized to active treatment with chicory and 4 of 8 (50%) patients randomized to placebo (P = 0.06). In general, the treatment was well-tolerated. Only one patient who was treated with the highest dose of chicory had to discontinue treatment due to an adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study suggest that a proprietary bioactive extract of chicory root has a potential role in the management of OA and merits further investigation. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT 01010919.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. nolsen@hmc.psu.edu
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Valerie K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jonnala
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seskar
authors.forename: Melisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018651:Cichorium intybus / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts