title: Nonsurgical extracardiac vascular shunts in the thorax: clinical and imaging characteristics.
abstract: Extracardiac nonsurgical vascular shunts in the thorax are a group of well-recognized heterogeneous conditions, frequently symptomatic, in which there is diversion of blood flow from one vessel to another or from a vessel to a cardiac chamber. The authors describe and classify many of these nonsurgical extracardiac shunts or fistulas according to their source and endpoint (eg, systemic-to-systemic, systemic-to-pulmonic, pulmonic-to-systemic, and pulmonic-to-pulmonic) and to whether the oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated systemic venous flow (left-to-right shunts), deoxygenated blood bypasses the pulmonary capillary bed (right-to-left shunts), or oxygenated blood recirculates (left-to-left shunts). Clinical manifestations and imaging appearances of these conditions are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. santiago.martinez@duke.edu
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinez-Jimenez
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Heyneman
authors.forename: H Page
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: McAdams
authors.forename: Dany
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jasinowodolinski
authors.forename: Santiago E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.forename: Lacey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Washington
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013909:Thorax / Q000098:blood supply*; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis*