title: Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in obesity-related type 2 diabetes. The imbalance in repair and injury (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia) results in microvascular changes, including apoptosis of microvascular cells, ultimately leading to diabetes related complications. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the interplay between endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis may cause (micro)vascular damage in patients with diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Jan van Breemen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Inge A M
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: van den Oever
authors.forename: Hennie G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Raterman
authors.forename: Mike T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nurmohamed
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simsek
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology