title: Swallow-breath interaction and phase of respiration with swallow during nonnutritive suck among low-risk preterm infants.
abstract: This study describes swallow-breath interaction and phase of respiration with swallow during nonnutritive suck (NNS) in low-risk preterm infants. Suckle and swallow, thoracic motion, and airflow were measured in 16 infants during NNS. Logistic regression models were used to describe swallow-breath interaction and phase of respiration with swallow. One hundred seventy-six swallows occurred in 35 NNS periods. Swallow-breath interaction occurred as: central apnea (CA), obstructive apnea (OA), or attenuated respiration (AR). AR was associated with increased weeks post-first nipple feeding. OA occurred less often in males and with increased weeks post-first nipple feeding. In looking at the phase of respiration, more swallows occurred at beginning expiration with increased gestational age, increased weeks post-first nipple feed, and increased weeks before first nipple feed. More swallows occurred at midexpiration with more swallows per study, increased birth weight (BWT), and weeks before first nipple feed. Fewer swallows occurred at end expiration with increased weeks before first nipple feed. Fewer swallows occurred at midinspiration with increased swallows per study. Fewer swallows occurred at apnea with increasing BWT, more occurred with increased swallows per study. In low-risk preterm infants, swallow-breath interaction progresses from CA and OA to AR. The phase of respiration with swallow shows a maturation progression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. ereyn2@uky.edu
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grider
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Gilson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capilouto
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vijaygopal
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charnigo
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010507:Periodicity; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000502:physiology