title: Insulin pump therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes safely improved glycemic control using a simple insulin dosing regimen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study assessed insulin dose and dosing patterns required to optimize glycemic control with an insulin pump in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 16-week, open-label, multicenter, pilot study, 56 insulin pump-naive patients treated at baseline with two or more oral antidiabetes agents (OADs), basal insulin with or without OADs, or basal-bolus insulin with or without OADs discontinued all diabetes medications except metformin and initiated insulin pump therapy. Insulin doses were adjusted to optimize glycemic control with the simplest possible insulin regimen. Outcomes included total daily insulin dose, daily basal and bolus insulin doses, number of daily basal rates, hemoglobin A1C, fasting and postprandial glucose, patient-reported outcomes and rate of hypoglycemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 16 weeks of pump therapy, the mean +/- SD total daily insulin dose was 95 +/- 59 U. The percentage of the total daily insulin dose used as basal and as bolus delivery was 55% and 45%, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of patients were treated with two or fewer daily basal rates. Mean A1C was lowered by 1.2 +/- 1.2% (P < 0.001), and there was no severe hypoglycemia. Mean change in body weight was +1.9 +/- 3.3 kg (P < 0.001). Overall treatment preference improved with pump therapy compared to baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin pump therapy using a simple dosing regimen significantly improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients experienced limited weight gain, there was no severe hypoglycemia, and overall treatment preference improved significantly.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Steven V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kipnes
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brunelle
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Frias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin; C479079:insulin glulisine