title: Artificial anal sphincter for severe fecal incontinence implanted by a transvaginal approach: experience with 32 patients treated at one institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate medium-term results of transvaginal implantation of an artificial anal sphincter in a large series of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing treatment for severe fecal incontinence at Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France, from January 2003 through December 2007 were eligible for the study if the fecal incontinence had lasted for 6 months and if they had attempted other therapies without success. All patients received implantation of an artificial anal sphincter via a transvaginal approach. Incontinence was assessed with the Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence Scale (Wexner score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 women entered the study. Their median age was 63 (range, 26-79) years. At entry, 20 (63%) had severe destruction and scarring of the perineum, which was a contraindication for implantation via a perineal approach. Nine patients (28.1%) had previously undergone implantation of an AAS which had been removed because of complications, and 5 had had a Pickrell procedure for anal agenesia. No deaths occurred during the study. The device was removed in a total of 9 patients (28.1%): in 7 because of septic adverse events within the first 6 months after the operation, in 1 because of poor function, and in 1 for psychological reasons despite good functional results. Implantation was successful in 23 patients (71.9%), and the device remained activated for a mean follow-up of 41 (range, 18-75) months, with a mean decrease in Cleveland Clinic incontinence score from 18.4 to 6.8 (P < .0001). None of the patients complained of dyspareunia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transvaginal approach for implantation of an artificial anal sphincter permits treatment of women with fecal incontinence who have severe damage and scarring of the anterior perineum. This route provides an alternative for patients whose only therapeutic option would previously have been a defunctioning stoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. francis.michot@chu-rouen.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michot
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lefebure
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bridoux
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gourcerol
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kianifard
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leroi
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tuech
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D001187:Artificial Organs; D003672:Defecation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina