title: Developmental changes in catecholamine requirement, volume load and corticosteroid supplementation in premature infants born at 22 to 28 weeks of gestation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to circulatory instability, premature infants require volume loads, catecholamines and steroid supplementation to improve mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome. However, a complete quantitative analysis concerning the relationship between supplementation and gestational age, especially in infants born at 22 to 24 weeks of gestation, is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether less mature infants need higher doses of catecholamine, volume loads and steroid, and whether those who require higher doses have poorer outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, observational study was performed at a tertiary center in a university setting. Among the consecutive 221 premature infants born at 22 to 28 weeks of gestation, we selected 108 infants who had no apparent pathological conditions other than prematurity. Catecholamines, volume loads and steroid, given to attain sufficient blood pressure and urinary output, were quantitatively analyzed during the first 24 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantity of catecholamines, volume expanders and steroid supplementation as a function of gestational age and childhood outcome at 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catecholamines and volume loads were increased in a step-wise manner with decreasing gestational age. Intact survival rate was significantly lower in infants born before 25 weeks of gestation compared with the more mature infants. Among infants born at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation, catecholamine and volume load increased significantly in poor outcome infants compared with good outcome infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a developmental viewpoint, progressively larger doses of catecholamine, volume expanders and corticosteroid are required to stabilize circulatory adaptation to neonatal life in infants between 22 to 28 weeks of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Perinatal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michikata
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sameshima
authors.forename: Kaeko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumiyoshi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Masatoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Tsuyomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikenoue
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D020896:Hypovolemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents