title: Urinary bladder stone extraction and instruments compared in textbooks of Abul-Qasim Khalaf Ibn Abbas Alzahrawi (Albucasis) (930-1013) and Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu (1385-1470).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated urinary bladder stone, surgical tools, and procedures in urologic sections of textbooks of Abul-Qasim Khalaf Ibn Abbas Alzahrawi (Albucasis) and Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu. In addition, we compared the relation of their textbooks with urologic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Al-Tasreef Liman Aajaz Aan Al-Taaleef (Al-Tasreef), a surgery textbook written by Alzahrawi (who lived in Endulus between 930 and 1013) and Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye, written by Sabuncuoglu (who lived in Turkey between 1385 and 1470) were evaluated with regard to urinary bladder stone and surgical instruments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The textbooks give information about urinary bladder stones. They include definitions of diseases, etiologies, and surgical techniques, and describe surgical tools. Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye is a colorful miniaturized textbook.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urinary bladder stone section in Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye is the translation of Al-Tasreef with some additional information and illustrations. Surgical tools and procedures described by the two physicians have reached to our century. Tools and procedures invented by Alzahrawi come to the present day in similar or developed styles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical History and Deontology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elcioglu
authors.forename: Hilmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozden
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kabay
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D008488:Medical Illustration / Q000266:history; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000266:history*; D013782:Textbooks as Topic / Q000266:history*; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000601:surgery*