title: The effects of tramadol on electroencephalographic spectral parameters and analgesia in rats.
abstract: The effects of different doses of tramadol on analgesia and electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral parameters were compared in rats. Saline or tramadol 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg was administered. The degree of analgesia was evaluated by tail-flick latency, and the degree of seizure was measured using numerical seizure score (NSS). Additionally, band powers, median power frequency and spectral edge frequency 95 were measured to quantify the EEG response. All doses of tramadol produced spike-wave discharge. Tramadol significantly and dose-dependently increased the analgesia, but these effects did not correspond with the changes in the EEG spectral parameters. NSS significantly increased in the Tramadol 20 and 40 mg/kg treatment groups compared to the Control and TRA5 groups, and two rats given 40 mg/kg had convulsions. In conclusion, tramadol dose-dependently increased the analgesic effect, and the 10 mg/kg dose appears to be a reliable clinical dose for analgesia in rats, but dose-dependent increases in analgesia and seizure severity did not correlate with EEG spectral parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Il-Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Maan-Gee
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee