title: An H5N1 M2e-based multiple antigenic peptide vaccine confers heterosubtypic protection from lethal infection with pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 2009 global influenza pandemic caused by a novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus has posted an increasing threat of a potential pandemic by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, driving us to develop an influenza vaccine which confers cross-protection against both H5N1 and H1N1 viruses. Previously, we have shown that a tetra-branched multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccine based on the extracellular domain of M2 protein (M2e) from H5N1 virus (H5N1-M2e-MAP) induced strong immune responses and cross-protection against different clades of HPAI H5N1 viruses. In this report, we investigated whether such M2e-MAP presenting the H5N1-M2e consensus sequence can afford heterosubtypic protection from lethal challenge with the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrated that H5N1-M2e-MAP plus Freund's or aluminum adjuvant induced strong cross-reactive IgG antibody responses against M2e of the pandemic H1N1 virus which contains one amino acid variation with M2e of H5N1 at position 13. These cross-reactive antibodies may maintain for 6 months and bounced back quickly to the previous high level after the 2nd boost administered 2 weeks before virus challenge. H5N1-M2e-MAP could afford heterosubtypic protection against lethal challenge with pandemic H1N1 virus, showing significant decrease of viral replications and obvious alleviation of histopathological damages in the challenged mouse lungs. 100% and 80% of the H5N1-M2e-MAP-vaccinated mice with Freund's and aluminum adjuvant, respectively, survived the lethal challenge with pandemic H1N1 virus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that H5N1-M2e-MAP has a great potential to prevent the threat from re-emergence of pandemic H1N1 influenza and possible novel influenza pandemic due to the reassortment of HPAI H5N1 virus with the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shihui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lanying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Zhitao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shibo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yuchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lone
authors.forename: Bo-Jian
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yusen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D056738:Cross Protection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010455:Peptides; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; C488937:M2 protein, Influenza A virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins