title: Universal versus targeted blood cholesterol screening among youth: The CARDIAC project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of family history in identifying children with severe or genetic hyperlipidemias in a rural, predominantly white population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20,266 fifth-grade children in West Virginia, from the Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) Project, who completed a family history and fasting lipid profile were used in analyses. The relationship between hyperlipidemia and family history was determined, and the use of family history to predict the need for pharmacologic treatment among children with dyslipidemia was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 71.4% of children met the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines for cholesterol screening on the basis of positive family history. Of those, 1204 (8.3%) were considered to have dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein > or =130 mg/dL), and 1.2% of these children with dyslipidemia warranted possible pharmacologic treatment (low-density lipoprotein > or =160 mg/dL). Of the 28.6% who did not have a positive family history (did not meet NCEP guidelines), 548 (9.5%) had dyslipidemia, 1.7% of whom warranted pharmacologic treatment. Sensitivity and specificity data demonstrated that family history does not provide a strong indication as to whether pharmacologic treatment may be warranted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the use of family history to determine the need for cholesterol screening in children would have (1) missed many with moderate dyslipidemia and (2) failed to detect a substantial number with likely genetic dyslipidemias that would require pharmacologic treatment. The use of universal cholesterol screening would identify all children with severe dyslipidemia, allowing for proper intervention and follow-up and leading to the prevention of future atherosclerotic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9214, USA. sritchie@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: Emily C-S
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ice
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: Eloise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Neal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001061:Appalachian Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides