title: Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its related disorders: a reappraisal of obsessive-compulsive spectrum concepts.
abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinical syndrome whose hallmarks are excessive, anxiety-evoking thoughts and compulsive behaviors that are generally recognized as unreasonable, but which cause significant distress and impairment. When these are the exclusive symptoms, they constitute uncomplicated OCD. OCD may also occur in the context of other neuropsychiatric disorders, most commonly other anxiety and mood disorders. The question remains as to whether these combinations of disorders should be regarded as independent, cooccurring disorders or as different manifestations of an incompletely understood constellation of OCD spectrum disorders with a common etiology. Additional considerations are given here to two potential etiology-based subgroups: (i) an environmentally based group in which OCD occurs following apparent causal events such as streptococcal infections, brain injury, or atypical neuroleptic treatment; and (ii) a genomically based group in which OCD is related to chromosomal anomalies or specific genes. Considering the status of current research, the concept of OCD and OCD-related spectrum conditions seems fluid in 2010, and in need of ongoing reappraisal.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. dm30h@nih.gov
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Kiara R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Timpano
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wheaton
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Euripedes C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miguel
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004777:Environment; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index