title: Exposure to bioaerosols during the growth season of tomatoes in an organic greenhouse using Supresivit (Trichoderma harzianum) and Mycostop (Streptomyces griseoviridis).
abstract: In working environments, especially in confined spaces like greenhouses, elevated concentrations of airborne microorganisms may become a problem for workers' health. Additionally, the use of microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) may increase exposure to microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate tomato growers' exposure to naturally occurring bioaerosol components [dust, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans, and endotoxin] and MPCAs applied by drip irrigation. Airborne dust was collected with filter samplers and analyzed for microorganisms by plate counts and total counts using a microscope. Analysis of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and endotoxin content was performed by kinetic, chromatic Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests. The fungal strain (Trichoderma harzianum) from the biocontrol product Supresivit was identified by PCR analysis. Measurements were performed on the day of drip irrigation and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the irrigation. T. harzianum from Supresivit could be detected only on the day of treatment. Streptomyces griseoviridis, an applied MPCA, was not detected in the air during this investigation. We found that bioaerosol exposure increases during the growth season and that exposure to fungi, bacteria, and endotoxin can reach levels during the harvest period that may cause respiratory symptoms in growers. The collected data indicate that MPCAs applied by drip irrigation do not become airborne later in the season.
authors.affiliation: The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Vinni Mona
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winding
authors.forename: Anne Mette
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Madsen
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D008033:Limulus Test; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004731:Endotoxins; D047071:beta-Glucans