title: Association of otoscopic findings and hearing level in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the association between the abnormalities of tympanic membrane characteristics and the hearing level in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion had undergone ear examinations by pneumatic otoscopy to assess the color, transparency, mobility, fluid level and retraction of the tympanic membrane. An audiogram was done in the same setting, average hearing threshold and air-bone gap were measured. Otoscopic findings and the result of the hearing test were analyzed to identify the association between the abnormalities of the tympanic membrane characteristics and elevated hearing threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing loss was found in 92.1% of the patients. Mean hearing level was 31.7+/-10.3 dB. From linear regression analysis, the patients with dull or opaque tympanic membrane had a significantly higher hearing threshold of 7.2 dB than the patient with translucent ear drum after adjusting for mobility and retraction. The patients with tympanic membrane retraction had a higher hearing threshold of 5.1 dB than the patient who had no retraction after adjusting for transparency and mobility. Mobility had a significant relationship to elevated hearing threshold in the univariate analysis but not in multivariable analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opacity and retraction were the two characteristics of abnormal tympanic membrane that were associated with elevated hearing threshold in the patients with otitis media with effusion. Hearing test is suggested if opacity or retraction of the tympanic membrane is found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. raauk@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Kitirat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ungkanont
authors.forename: Somrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charuluxananan
authors.forename: Chulaluk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Komoltri
mesh_terms: D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D038781:Otoscopy; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000473:pathology*