title: Comparison of propofol deep sedation versus moderate sedation during endosonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purposes of this study are: (1) to prospectively evaluate clinically relevant outcomes including sedation-related complications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) procedures performed with the use of propofol deep sedation administered by monitored anesthesia care (MAC), and (2) to compare these results with a historical case-control cohort of EUS procedures performed using moderate sedation provided by the gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred for EUS between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2002 were enrolled. Complication rates for EUS using MAC sedation were observed and also compared with a historical case-control cohort of EUS patients who received meperidine/midazolam for moderate sedation, administered by the GI endoscopist. Logistic regression analysis was used to isolate possible predictors of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,000 patients underwent EUS with propofol sedation during the period from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2002 (mean age 64 years, 53% female). The distribution of EUS indications based on the primary area of interest was: 170 gastroduodenal, 92 anorectal, 508 pancreaticohepatobiliary, 183 esophageal, and 47 mediastinal. The primary endpoint of the study was development of sedation-related complications occurring during a performed procedure. A total of six patients experienced complications: duodenal perforation (one), hypotension (one), aspiration pneumonia (one), and apnea requiring endotracheal intubation (three). The complication rate with propofol was 0.60%, compared with 1% for the historical case-control (meperidine/midazolam moderate sedation) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There does not appear to be a significant difference between complication rates for propofol deep sedation with MAC and meperidine/midazolam administered for moderate sedation.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Associates of Central Jersey, Edison, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nayar
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feuerman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scheinberg
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Gress
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D019160:Endosonography / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol