title: Parenteral nutrition rapidly reduces hepatic mononuclear cell numbers and lipopolysaccharide receptor expression on Kupffer cells in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenteral nutrition (PN) reduces the number of hepatic mononuclear cell (MNCs) and impairs their function, resulting in poor survival after intraportal bacterial challenge in mice. Our recent animal study demonstrated resumption of enteral nutrition after PN to rapidly restore hepatic MNC numbers (in 12 hours) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor expression on Kupffer cells (in 48 hours). The present study examined the time courses of hepatic MNC number reductions and LPS receptor expression changes in mice receiving PN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice (n = 49) from the Institute of Cancer Research were divided into chow (n = 8), PN0.5 (n = 8), PN1 (n = 8), PN2 (n = 9), PN3 (n = 9), and PN5 (n = 7) groups. The chow group was given chow with an intravenous saline infusion. The PN groups were fed parenterally for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 5 days following the chow-feeding courses. After 7 days of nutrition support, hepatic MNCs were isolated and counted. The expression of LPS receptors on Kupffer cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic MNC numbers rapidly reached their lowest level in the PN0.5 and PN1 groups but were somewhat restored thereafter and remained stable after the third day, without significant differences between any 2 of the PN groups. CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 expressions both showed significant reductions in the PN1 group compared with the chow group and gradually decreased to their lowest levels in the PN5 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PN administration rapidly reduces hepatic MNC numbers and LPS receptor expression on Kupffer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakoshi
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Daizoh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D013997:Time Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495377:LY96 protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4