title: Therapeutic effect of arctiin and arctigenin in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice infected with influenza A virus.
abstract: Arctiin and its aglucone, arctigenin from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. showed potent in vitro antiviral activities against influenza A virus (A/NWS/33, H1N1) (IFV). Based on the data from time-of-addition experiments and on release tests of progeny viruses, arctigenin was assumed to interfere with early event(s) of viral replication after viral penetration into cells, and to suppress the release of progeny viruses from the host cells. Arctiin was orally effective against either IFV-inoculated normal or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice, being less effective as compared with oseltamivir. Noticeably, arctiin produced a larger amount of virus-specific antibody than those of control and oseltamivir in sera collected from 5-FU-treated mice. Furthermore, oral treatment of 5-FU-treated mice with arctiin did not induce any resistant viruses, although the same treatment with oseltamivir induced resistant viruses at a 50% frequency. When the combination of arctiin and oseltamivir was administered to normal mice infected with IFV, the virus yields in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lungs were significantly reduced relative to those in the mice treated with arctiin or oseltamivir alone. Thus, monotherapy of arctiin or combined therapy of arctiin with oseltamivir would be another treatment option for influenza.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narutaki
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uesato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D005663:Furans / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007121:Immunocompetence; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017705:Lignans / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005663:Furans; D005960:Glucosides; D017705:Lignans; C077992:arctiin; C071942:arctigenin