title: The effect of antihypertensive agents on insulin sensitivity, lipids and haemostasis.
abstract: Antihypertensive agents exert different effects on insulin sensitivity, lipids and haemostasis. However, most studies assessing these effects were small and short-term yielding conflicting results. Moreover, it has not been established whether the impact of antihypertensive drugs on insulin sensitivity, lipids, thrombosis and fibrinolysis adds to or attenuates vascular risk reduction. On the other hand, new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) appears to be more frequent in patients treated with β-blockers and diuretics, whereas angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers might reduce the risk for T2DM and calcium channel blockers have a neutral effect. Therefore, the risk of developing T2DM should be considered when selecting an antihypertensive agent. This review discusses the differential effects of antihypertensive drugs on insulin sensitivity, lipids and haemostasis and considers their association with vascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Asterios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tziomalos
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anagnostis
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Gossios
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Florentin
authors.forename: Vasilios G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Athyros
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents