title: Cardioembolic stroke: who is the guilty?
abstract: A young woman was referred following a transient ischemic attack due to suspect patent foramen ovale. At the diagnostic workup a spontaneous mild right-to-left atrial shunt owing to fenestrated aneurysmal septum was found. However, also a large arteriovenous malformation of the left lung was also imaged. At interventional cardiac catheterization, both malformations were closed using an Amplatzer Cribriform occluding device and a Amplatzer Vascular Plug II, respectively. In conclusion, patent foramen ovale is just one of the potential causes of cardioembolic stroke and a thorough diagnostic workup is mandatory after a cryptogenic stroke to rule out any additional source of paradoxical embolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, A.O. Monaldi, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Palladino
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castaldi
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calabrò
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D019320:Embolism, Paradoxical / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome