title: Spinal hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels at primary afferent terminals contribute to chronic pain.
abstract: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels (HCN channels) have large influences upon neuronal excitability. However, the participation of spinal HCN channels in chronic pain states, where pathological conditions are related to altered neuronal excitability, has not been clarified. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intrathecally (i.t.) administered ZD7288, a selective blocker of Ih channels, reduced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in mice under neuropathic conditions induced by the partial ligation of the sciatic nerve, while no analgesic effect was observed in naïve animals. Moreover, in the mouse formalin test, ZD7288 (i.p. and i.t.) reduced the licking/biting behavior observed during the second phase without affecting the first phase. To further explore the pain-modulatory action of spinal HCN channels, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made from the visually identified substantia gelatinosa neurons in adult mouse spinal cord slices with an attached dorsal root, and A-fiber- and/or C-fiber-mediated monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by electrical stimulation of the L4 or L5 dorsal root using a suction electrode. Bath-applied ZD7288 reduced A-fiber- and C-fiber-mediated monosynaptic EPSCs more preferentially in slices prepared from mice after peripheral nerve injury. In addition, ZD7288 reduced the frequency of miniature EPSCs without affecting their amplitude in cells receiving monosynaptic afferent inputs, indicating that it inhibits EPSCs via presynaptic mechanisms. The present behavioral and electrophysiological data suggest that spinal HCN channels, most likely at the primary afferent terminals, contribute to the maintenance of chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of CNS Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012585:Sciatica / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; D011743:Pyrimidines; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; C082246:ICI D2788; D013779:Tetrodotoxin