title: Exaggerated liver injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion in diabetes: effect of exenatide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of exenatide (Glucagon like Peptide-1 receptor agonist) on liver injury (distant organ) induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo renal IR was performed in both type 2 diabetic and normal rats. Each protocol comprised ischemia for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours and a treatment period of 14 days before induction of ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide level in liver tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively), after IR in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Antioxidant enzymes like glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively), after IR in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Exenatide treatment significantly normalized (P < 0.01), these biochemical parameters in treated rats compared to diabetic IR rats. Serum creatinine phosphokinase activity and liver function enzymes were also significantly normalized (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively), after administration of exenatide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exenatide exerted protective effect on exaggerated remote organ (liver) injury induced by renal IR in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Smt. R.B.P.M.P.C., Atkot - 360 040, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vaghasiya
authors.forename: Navin R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.forename: Yagnik S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Bhalodia
authors.forename: Nurudin P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Jivani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D000077270:Exenatide; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000077270:Exenatide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005978:Glutathione