title: Symptoms of infectious diseases in travelers with diabetes mellitus: a prospective study with matched controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Travelers with diabetes mellitus to developing countries are thought to have symptomatic infectious diseases more often and longer than travelers without diabetes. Evidence for this is needed. This study evaluates whether travelers with diabetes are at increased risk of symptomatic infectious diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed between October 2003 and February 2008 among adult medication-dependent travelers with diabetes, with their healthy travel companions without diabetes serving as matched controls. Thus, travelers with diabetes and controls were assumed to have comparable exposure to infection. Data on symptoms of infectious diseases were recorded by using a structured diary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 70 travelers with insulin-dependent diabetes, the incidence of travel-related diarrhea was 0.99 per person-month, and the median number of symptomatic days 1.54 per month. For their 70 controls, figures were 0.74 and 1.57, respectively (p > 0.05). Among 82 travelers with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, incidence was 0.75, and the median number of symptomatic days was 1.68. For their 82 controls, figures were 0.70 and 1.68, respectively (p > 0.05). As for other symptoms, no significant travel-related differences were found. Only 17% of travelers with diabetes suffering from diarrhea used their stand-by antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication-dependent travelers with diabetes traveling to developing countries do not have symptomatic infectious diseases more often or longer than travelers without diabetes. Routine prescription of stand-by antibiotics for travelers with diabetes to areas with good health facilities is probably not more useful than for healthy travelers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service (GGD) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. gbaaten@ggd.amsterdam.nl
authors.forename: Gijs G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Baaten
authors.forename: Anna H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Roukens
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Geskus
authors.forename: Joan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kint
authors.forename: Roel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sonder
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Hoek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003906:Developing Countries; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014195:Travel