title: Capsular warning syndrome caused by middle cerebral artery stenosis.
abstract: The capsular warning syndrome is a term used to describe recurrent stereotyped lacunar transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). This syndrome is associated with a high risk of developing a completed stroke. The presumed mechanism for this syndrome is angiopathy of a lenticulostriate artery. We describe the case of a 33-year-old man who presented with the capsular warning syndrome who was successfully treated with angioplasty. The patient's capsular warning syndrome manifested as recurrent episodes of transient left hemiparesis. Symptoms recurred one to three times daily despite treatment with antithrombotics. Cerebral angiography demonstrated stenosis of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) with decreased flow to a dominant lenticulostriate artery. Angioplasty of the right middle cerebral artery increased flow to the lenticulostriate artery and the TIAs resolved following the procedure. In select cases intracranial angioplasty, may be an effective treatment for patients with capsular warning syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department Neurology and Neurological Sciences and the Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, 701 Welch Road, Suite 325, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Maarten G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lansberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017130:Angioplasty; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon