title: Low incidence of complications from endoscopic gastric variceal obturation with butyl cyanoacrylate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic variceal obturation with tissue adhesive is used to control gastric variceal bleeding. We investigated the prevalence of serious complications from this therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of complications that occurred in 753 patients with gastric variceal hemorrhages who were hospitalized in 2 tertiary referral hospitals. All patients received N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate as therapy for endoscopic variceal obturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complications occurred in 51 patients. Thirty-three patients experienced rebleeding because of early-onset (within 3 months) extrusion of the N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue cast (4.4%), 10 patients developed sepsis (1.3%), and 5 patients developed distant embolisms (0.7%; 1 pulmonary, 1 brain, and 3 splenic). One patient had major gastric variceal bleeding after endoscopic variceal obturation (0.1%), 1 developed a large gastric ulcer (0.1%), and 1 had mesentery hematoma, hemoperitoneum, and infection in the abdominal cavity (0.1%). The complication-related mortality was 0.53% (3 deaths from sepsis and 1 death from rebleeding after early-onset glue cast extrusion).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of complications after endoscopic variceal obturation with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in gastric varices treatment is rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liu-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang-Zheng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Anthony E T
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D004617:Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006465:Hemoperitoneum / Q000453:epidemiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004659:Enbucrilate