title: Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Elephantopus tomentosus ethanolic extract.
abstract: Elephantopus tomentosus is widely used in Asia, especially in Malaysia, for the treatment of pain and inflammation. In the present study, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of a 95% ethanol extract of E. tomentosus were investigated in different experimental models. In the anti-inflammation study, 1000 mg/kg of extract significantly reduced carrageenan-induced hind paw edema (p < 0.05) and inhibited abdominal permeability compared with control (p < 0.01). The analgesic activity was assayed in several experimental models in mice: (1) hot plate, (2) tail flick, (3) writhing test; and rats: carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia pain threshold test. However, at the doses tested, no significant activity was found in the hot plate test and the tail flick test. E. tomentosus ethanol extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) increased hyperalgesia pain threshold and inhibited writhing activity. The results suggest that E. tomentosus ethanol extract at 1000 mg/kg dose is effective in anti-inflammatory and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug type anti-nociception activities.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. yammunfei@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mun Fei
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.forename: Lee Fung
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Omar Ziad
authors.initials: OZ
authors.lastname: Ameer
authors.forename: Ibrahim Muhammad
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Hesham Abdul
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Mohd Zaini
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Asmawi
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts