title: Pax6 is a human neuroectoderm cell fate determinant.
abstract: The transcriptional regulation of neuroectoderm (NE) specification is unknown. Here we show that Pax6 is uniformly expressed in early NE cells of human fetuses and those differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This is in contrast to the later expression of Pax6 in restricted mouse brain regions. Knockdown of Pax6 blocks NE specification from hESCs. Overexpression of either Pax6a or Pax6b, but not Pax6triangle upPD, triggers hESC differentiation. However, only Pax6a converts hESCs to NE. In contrast, neither loss nor gain of function of Pax6 affects mouse NE specification. Both Pax6a and Pax6b bind to pluripotent gene promoters but only Pax6a binds to NE genes during human NE specification. These findings indicate that Pax6 is a transcriptional determinant of the human NE and suggest that Pax6a and Pax6b coordinate with each other in determining the transition from pluripotency to the NE fate in human by differentially targeting pluripotent and NE genes.
authors.affiliation: Waisman Center and the WiCell Institute, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cindy T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.forename: Jiajie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lavaute
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Gennadiy I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Bondarenko
authors.forename: Zhong-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Thaddeus G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Golos
authors.forename: Su-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008954:Models, Biological; D054258:Neural Plate / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013724:Teratoma / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; C000605730:PAX6 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins