Risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) are often modifiable and overlap with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Encouraging our patients to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle by abstaining from cigarettes, maintaining lean weight, limiting red meat intake, and controlling hypertension might lower the risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), although a cause-effect relationship has not been firmly established. For hospitalized patients, guidelines have provided evidence-based strategies to identify patients at risk, such as elderly persons and those with cancer, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or undergoing major surgery. Most should receive pharmacological prophylaxis, which will minimize the risk of VTE. Because approximately 3 of every 4 pulmonary embolism and DVT events occur outside the hospital setting, patients should also be assessed for persistent high-risk of VTE at the time of hospital discharge.
Goldhaber
Samuel Z
SZ
Harvard Medical School, Venous Thromboembolism Research Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. sgoldhaber@partners.org
D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008019:Life Style; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control