title: Magnification's effect on endodontic fine motor skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the effect of magnification on fine motor skills used in endodontics.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a novel manual dexterity test that was performed with and without magnification. An 8x operating microscope and 2.5x dental loupes were used for the magnification tests. Forty subjects, 20 with microscope experience and 20 without, participated in the study. Performance on the test was evaluated by using an accuracy scoring system, and the time needed to complete the test was recorded for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in accuracy score with each level of magnification was demonstrated (P <or= .05). In addition, the use of operating microscope significantly increased the time needed to complete the test among subjects with less than 3 years of microscope experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of magnification to enhance fine motor skills was supported in all age groups and experience levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. david.bowers@eglin.af.mil
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Gerald N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors