title: Live/Real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of inferior vena cava and hepatic vein thrombosis in sickle cell disease.
abstract: We describe the value of live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) over two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) in the assessment of inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic vein (HV) obstruction in a patient with sickle cell disease. 3DTTE provided additional information when compared to 2DTTE by (1) identifying the obstructing lesion as a likely thrombus, (2) by providing assessment of anatomical severity of IVC lumen obstruction since the thrombus could be visualized en face also, and (3) identifying an area of increased mobility of a portion of the thrombus suggesting greater risk of embolization. (Echocardiography 2010;27:594-596).
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Balwinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuruba
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Carlos Martinez
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waseemuddin
authors.forename: Navin C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D006502:Budd-Chiari Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology