title: Gestational 30% and 40% fat diets increase brain GLUT2 and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in neonatal Wistar rats.
abstract: Adverse maternal nutrition induces developmental programming in progeny thereby predisposing them to metabolic disease. The aim of the study was to determine whether maternal diets, with varying fat percentages as energy, alter the expression of factors associated with brain glucose sensing (glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase) and the feeding response (neuropeptide Y and leptin). Pregnant dams were maintained on diets of 10% (control), 20% (20F), 30% (30F) and 40% (40F) fat as energy throughout gestation. In 1-day-old neonatal offspring, anthropometric measurements were recorded. Whole neonatal brain was rapidly excised, weighed and either snap-frozen at -80°C for quantitative RT-PCR or fixed in formalin for immunohistochemical analysis. Brain glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, neuropeptide Y and leptin mRNA expression and immunoreactivity were determined in neonates. In the 20F neonates increases in body weight, head circumference and crown to rump length concomitant with reduced glucokinase immunoreactivity were found. The 30F neonates displayed increases in body weight, head length, head width, crown to rump length and immunoreactivity for both glucose transporter 2 and neuropeptide Y. The 40F neonates also demonstrated increased glucose transporter 2 and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity. Fetal exposure to a gestational diet with 30% or 40% fat as energy results in increased immunoreactivity for brain glucose transporter 2 and neuropeptide Y, suggesting a programming effect of these diets that may represent an early event of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa. marlon.cerf@mrc.ac.za
authors.forename: Marlon E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cerf
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Rooyen
authors.forename: Adriaan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Esterhuyse
authors.forename: Christo J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; C495683:Slc2a2 protein, rat; D005941:Glucokinase