Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin system proteins-immunolocalization in the rat central nervous system.
BACKGROUND
The oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin (Trx) family of proteins play a major role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Redox imbalance is a major feature of brain damage. For instance, neuronal damage and glial reaction induced by a hypoxic-ischemic episode is highly related to glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Most animal models of hypoxia-ischemia in the central nervous system (CNS) use rats to study the mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death, however, no comprehensive study on the localization of the redox proteins in the rat CNS was available.


METHODS
The aim of this work was to study the distribution of the following proteins of the thioredoxin and glutathione/glutaredoxin (Grx) systems in the rat CNS by immunohistochemistry: Trx1, Trx2, TrxR1, TrxR2, Txnip, Grx1, Grx2, Grx3, Grx5, and γ-GCS, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), Prx2, Prx3, Prx4, Prx5, and Prx6. We have focused on areas most sensitive to a hypoxia-ischemic insult: Cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, spinal cord, substantia nigra, cortex and retina.


CONCLUSIONS
Previous studies implied that these redox proteins may be distributed in most cell types and regions of the CNS. Here, we have observed several remarkable differences in both abundance and regional distribution that point to a complex interplay and crosstalk between the proteins of this family.


CONCLUSIONS
We think that these data might be helpful to reveal new insights into the role of thiol redox pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-ischemia insults and other disorders of the CNS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Human and Murine Redox Protein Atlases.
Aon-Bertolino
Maria Laura
ML
Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Medicina and Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Romero
Juan Ignacio
JI
Galeano
Pablo
P
Holubiec
Mariana
M
Badorrey
Maria Sol
MS
Saraceno
Gustavo Ezequiel
GE
Hanschmann
Eva-Maria
EM
Lillig
Christopher Horst
CH
Capani
Francisco
F
D000818:Animals; D001271:Atlases as Topic; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*
D054477:Glutaredoxins; D013879:Thioredoxins