title: Monthly take-home methadone maintenance regime for elderly opium-dependent users in Singapore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research suggests that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) effectively reduces opiate dependence and related health and social problems. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness among the elderly. This study examined a monthly MMT regime for elderly opium addicts attending the National Addictions Management Service, Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a cross-sectional design and comprised 40 patients attending the addiction service and 40 caregivers who monitored methadone consumption (mostly patients' sons and daughters). Participants completed a semi-structured interview comprising measures of opiate craving and withdrawal, physical and psychological health. Objective measures were urine drug screens and blood tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who averaged 74.8 years old had been using opium for around 44 years and had been in MMT for an average of 35 months. The maintenance dose of methadone was 9.2 mg/day. At interview, no opiate usage (other than methadone) was detected in urine screens; however, clinical records indicated that 6 had tested positive during the previous 6 months of MMT. No major withdrawal symptoms, side effects, or incidents of diversion were reported. Quality-of-life scores were in the normal range and satisfaction with the treatment regime was expressed by caregivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst MMT is the predominant pharmacotherapy for opiate dependence for users of all ages elsewhere, our study group constitutes a unique population that differs markedly from younger opiate users who will eventually grow old. In Singapore, MMT appears to be an effective treatment for stable, elderly opium-dependent patients where families are fully engaged in the treatment regime.
authors.affiliation: National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Munidasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Kyaw K W
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Thane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000451:nursing / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012846:Singapore
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone