title: Preparation and in-vitro/in-vivo evaluation of surface-modified poly (lactide-co-glycolide) fluorescent nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to develop biodegradable nanoparticles suitable for cellular delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared using a modified solvent evaporation method. Chitosan and calcium chloride were tested as surface modifiers. Coumarin-6 was incorporated into some formulations as a fluorescent marker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median size of the particles was between 400 nm and 7 microm, and scanning electron microscope pictures showed that the particles were smooth and spherical. The zeta potentials of the particles with and without surface modifier ranged between -25.7 mV and -7.0 mV, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FACS) analysis showed that smaller surface-modified particles were efficiently internalised by neoplastic 4T1 cells. Image analysis of frozen tissue sections from Balb/c mice given nanoparticles via the tail vein showed that the particles were distributed preferentially into the lungs, followed by the liver, spleen, kidney and heart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles showed significant uptake by neoplastic 4T1 cells, and were distributed to several major organs frequently seen as sites of cancer metastasis in mice.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery, Xavier University College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, USA.
authors.forename: Sarala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pamujula
authors.forename: Sidhartha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hazari
authors.forename: Gevoni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolden
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: Dakshina M Devanga
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chinta
authors.forename: Srikanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kishore
authors.forename: Tarun K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mandal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan; D003374:Coumarins; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005453:Fluorescence; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D013844:Thiazoles; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D013844:Thiazoles; C517282:coumarin 6; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan