title: Enantiomer-specific analysis of hexabromocyclododecane in fish from Etnefjorden (Norway).
abstract: High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to sterospecifically quantify the content of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in six fish species from the Norwegian Etnefjorden. A combination of a beta-PM cyclodextrin and an achiral column enabled the paired chromatographic separation of the stereoisomers in the order (-)-alpha-, (+)-alpha-, (-)-beta-, (+)-beta-, (+)-gamma- and, (-)-gamma-HBCD. The limits of detection were in the range of 6-21 pg g(-1) depending on the stereoisomer and the concentrations of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HBCD in fillets ranged from <5.4 ng g(-1) to 11.1 microg g(-1) lipid weight. alpha-HBCD enantiomers were throughout dominating, and in most cases the accumulation of the respective first eluted enantiomers ((-)-alpha-, (-)-beta- and (+)-gamma-HBCD) was observed. Deviations from the racemic EF-value were considered to be significant if it was outside of the expanded uncertainty range for each of the racemic HBCD-ratios. The composition of HBCD isomers varied between the investigated fish species and the relative high values for the gamma-HBCD concentrations for the bottom-dwellers flounder and thorny skate seems to echo the HBCD pattern of ocean sediments.
authors.affiliation: BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. robert.koeppen@bam.de
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Köppen
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esslinger
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nehls
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009664:Norway; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane