Role of CXCR4 in HIV infection and its potential as a therapeutic target.
The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the two major coreceptors for HIV entry. Numerous efforts have been made to develop a new class of anti-HIV agents that target these coreceptors as an additional or alternative therapy to standard HAART. Among the CCR5 inhibitors developed so far, maraviroc is the first drug that has been approved by the US FDA for treating patients with R5 HIV-1. Although many CXCR4 inhibitors, some of which are highly active and orally bioavailable, have also been studied, they are still at preclinical stages or have been suspended during development. Importantly, the interaction between CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 is involved in various disease conditions, such as cancer cell metastasis, leukemia cell proliferation, rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, CXCR4 inhibitors have potential as novel therapeutics for the treatment of these diseases as well as HIV infection.
Murakami
Tsutomu
T
AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan.
Yamamoto
Naoki
N
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States; D053585:Virus Attachment
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D015728:Receptors, HIV