title: HAL blue-light cystoscopy in high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer--re-TURBT recurrence rates in a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of hexaminolevulinate blue-light cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) upon the short-term recurrence rate in high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) compared with conventional cystoscopy and resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2007 and November 2009, 446 patients were randomized for blue-light cystoscopy/resection and for standard cystoscopy/resection, respectively. The inclusion criteria consisted of positive urinary cytology and ultrasonographic suspicion of bladder tumors. High-risk NMIBC patients (carcinoma in situ [CIS], pTaG3, and pT1) from both series underwent standard Re-TURBT 6 weeks after the initial procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of CIS, pTaG3, and pT1 cases in the initial series were 13.1%, 5.7%, and 22.2% in the blue light series and 11.3%, 5.7%, and 23.3% in the white light series. In total, 72 and 64 high-risk cases, respectively, were diagnosed in the blue- and white-light series. The overall short-term recurrence rate at Re-TURBT was 11.1% for the blue-light group and 31.2% for the white-light group. The recurrence rates were 4.3% versus 27.8% for CIS, 10% versus 22.2% for pTaG3, and 15.4% versus 35.1% for pT1 cases, in favor of the blue-light arm. The recurrence rate in patients presenting with high-grade tumors was 17.2% in the blue-light group and 37% in the white-light group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blue-light cystoscopy and resection significantly reduced the short-term recurrence rates determined during the standard Re-TURBT in all categories of high-risk patients compared with the standard cystoscopy and resection.
authors.affiliation: Saint John Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Urology, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geavlete
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jecu
authors.forename: Razvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Multescu
authors.forename: Dragos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georgescu
authors.forename: Petrisor
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geavlete
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C419924:5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester