title: AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells.
abstract: The underlying cause of human retinoblastoma is complete inactivation of both copies of the RB1 gene. Other chromosome abnormalities, with the most common being extra copies of chromosome arm 6p, are also observed in retinoblastoma. The RB protein has previously been shown to interact with TFAP2 transcription factors. Here, we show that TFAP2A and TFAP2B, which map to chromosome arm 6p, are expressed in the amacrine and horizontal cells of human retina. TFAP2A RNA can readily be detected in retinoblastoma cell lines and tumors; however, the great majority of retinoblastoma cell lines and tumors are completely devoid of TFAP2A protein and TFAP2B RNA/protein. Transfection of TFAP2A and TFAP2B expression constructs into retinoblastoma cells induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation. Our results suggest that a consequence of loss of RB1 gene function in retinoblastoma cells is inactivation of TFAP2A and TFAP2B function. We propose that inability to differentiate along the amacrine/horizontal cell lineages may underlie retinoblastoma tumor formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2 Canada.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Darryl D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Glubrecht
authors.forename: Roseline
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godbout
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C493673:TFAP2A protein, human; C493677:TFAP2B protein, human; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2