title: [The Kaufman Test System during adolescence: structure and application of the Kaufman-Test zur Intelligenzmessung (K-TIM)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Kaufman-Test zur Intelligenzmessung (K-TIM) is the German-language adaptation of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test, serving the sophisticated assessment of intellectual abilities within the age range from 11 to over 85 years. Founded on the respective models of cognitive development by Horn and Cattell, Luria, and Piaget, the battery comprises 10 subtests, structured into fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and assessment of delayed recall, reflecting the test concept.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to early trials during the translation and adaptation as well as the novel construction of items with a high verbal or cultural load, studies to evaluate test criteria were performed stepwise. Norms for the final version were developed using a sample of 2,320 persons from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol. Also, test criteria were analyzed again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test reliability was very high (.96 to .98 for the scales). Validity of the developmental criterion important in adolescence, and that of the construct criterion was ensured by means of correlational and factor analyses. Concurrent validity was confirmed using correlational studies with other tests as external criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adaptation did not result in any structural changes within the test concept. For the German-speaking countries as well the K-TIM is thus an interesting alternative to the differential assessment of intelligence in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Strasse 10, DE - 50931 Köln. stephanie.schuermann@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schürmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melchers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001317:Austria; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013557:Switzerland; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult