title: Cardiovascular and psychological reactivity and recovery from harassment in a biracial sample of high and low hostile men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study emphasizes the importance of studying the emotional, motivational, and cognitive characteristics accompanying and the potential hemodynamic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from interpersonal conflict.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The relation of dispositional hostility to cardiovascular reactivity during a frustrating anagram task and post-task recovery was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was composed of 99 healthy participants (age, 18-30 years; 53% women; 51% Caucasian; 49% African American)-half randomly assigned to a harassment condition. High and low hostility groups were created by a median split specific to sex and race subgroup score distributions on the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. It was hypothesized that hostility would interact with harassment such that harassed, high hostile individuals would display the greatest cardiovascular and emotional reactivity and slowest recovery of the four groups. Participants completed a 10-min baseline, a 6-min anagram task, and a 5-min recovery period with blood pressure, heart rate, pre-ejection period, stroke index, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance index measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Harassed participants displayed significantly greater cardiovascular responses and lower positive affect to the task and slower systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery than did nonharassed participants. The high hostile group, irrespective of harassment, showed blunted cardiovascular responses during the task and delayed SBP recovery than the low hostile group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the predicted interaction between hostility and harassment was not supported in the context of cardiovascular responses, such an interaction was observed in the context of blame attributions, whereby harassed hostile participants were found to blame others for their task performance than the other subgroups.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA. Neumansa@evms.edu
authors.forename: Serina A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Jessica P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Giggey
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Synowski
authors.forename: Layne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Goble
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Shari R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Waldstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*