title: Filler debonding & subhybrid-layer failures in self-etch adhesives.
abstract: The mechanisms behind bond degradation are still largely unknown, in particular with respect to self-etch adhesives. One-step adhesives have been especially documented with problems, such as insufficient polymerization, water-uptake and subsequent plasticization, water- and enzyme-induced nanoleakage, and/or the presence of voids due to phase-separation or osmosis. It was hypothesized that these shortcomings may weaken the adhesive layer and, as such, may jeopardize long-term bonding. In contrast to the control three-step etch & rinse adhesive, the bond strength to dentin of both one-step and two-step self-etch adhesives decreased after six-month water storage. TEM revealed not only that they exhibited filler de-bonding within the adhesive resin layer, due to hydrolysis of the filler-matrix coupling, but also that they failed predominantly directly under the hybrid layer at dentin, in spite of the presence of interfacial droplets and nanoleakage in the adhesive layer. These failures just under the hybrid layer may be attributed to insufficient encapsulation of surface smear.
authors.affiliation: Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. kirsten.vanlanduyt@med.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Van Landuyt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Munck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peumans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C498353:G-Bond; D008689:Methacrylates; C469607:OptiBond FL; D011108:Polymers; D019279:Resin Cements; C477386:iBond; D014867:Water