title: An enhanced device for transluminal retrieval of vascular stents without surgical procedures: experimental studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although efforts have been focused on developing endovascular procedures by which intravascular devices such as stents could be effectively deployed, few data exist regarding devices for the nonsurgical retrieval of deployed stents. Therefore, we designed to enable retrieval of deployed stents without a surgical procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The device consisted of four components: ultra-low profile forceps with 2.0 mm in diameter, conducting shaft with 1.8 mm in diameter, control handle by which the forceps is opened or closed, and a covering sheath. This device was designed to advance into the vessel lumen along a 0.014-inch guidewire by over the wire fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The forceps could firmly catch nonexpanded as well as expanded tubular-type stents with open cells in an in vitro model that was 4.0 mm in diameter. Then, we used this device in porcine renal arteries with 2.5-5.0 mm in diameter. At first, a fragmented 0.014-inch guidewire could be safely removed without vessel damage that was confirmed by intravascular ultrasound. This device could successfully remove four of five inappropriately and 11 of 14 appropriately deployed stents. Under these conditions, intravascular ultrasound demonstrated minor vessel wall dissection in two-third of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that the present device can be used for transluminal removal of foreign bodies such as nonexpanded as well as expanded stents in acute phase. Further miniaturization may enable using this type of device in the renal as well as coronary arteries.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Masa-Aki
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kawashiri
authors.forename: Katsuharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Toshinari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsubokawa
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takabatake
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D017222:Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy*; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013552:Swine; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional