title: Evaluation of transfection efficiency in skeletal muscle using nano/microbubbles and ultrasound.
abstract: Recent studies have revealed that ultrasound contrast agents with low-intensity ultrasound, namely, sonoporation, can noninvasively deliver therapeutic molecules into target sites. However, the efficiency of molecular delivery is relatively low and the methodology requires optimization. Here, we investigated three types of nano/microbubbles (NMBs)-human albumin shell bubbles, lipid bubbles and acoustic liposomes-to evaluate the efficiency of gene expression in skeletal muscle as a function of their physicochemical properties and the number of bubbles in solution. We found that acoustic liposomes showed the highest transfection and gene expression efficiency among the three types of NMBs under ultrasound-optimized conditions. Liposome transfection efficiency increased with bubble volume concentration; however, neither bubble volume concentration nor their physicochemical properties were related to the tissue damage detected in the skeletal muscle, which was primarily caused by needle injection.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan. kodama@bme.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoi
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004058:Diffusion / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D045423:Microbubbles; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008156:Luciferases