title: Impacts of cytosolic phospholipase A2, 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions on tumor progression in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In addition to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which is related to prostaglandin E2 synthesis, other enzymes such as cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) have been suggested to be related to carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of cPLA2, COX-2, mPGES-1, and 15-PGDH in tumor progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  cPLA2, COX-2, mPGES-1, 15-PGDH, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were immunohistochemically examined in 89 CRC, and their expressions were compared with each other or clinicopathologic parameters as well as VEGF as tumor progression parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cPLA2 was expressed in 54.5%, COX-2 in 80.5%, mPGES-1 in 96.4%, 15-PGDH in 46.1%, and VEGF in 65.9%. The expression of cPLA2 correlated with VEGF expression. COX-2 expression was correlated with the depth of invasion, tumor stage, cPLA2, and VEGF expressions. Moreover, VEGF revealed the highest expression in the tissues positive for both cPLA2 and COX-2. Furthermore, 15-PGDH expression was inversely correlated with VEGF expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that cPLA2 and mPGES-1, in addition to COX-2, are constitutively overexpressed, and that 15-PGDH might be attenuated in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, cPLA2 and 15-PGDH as well as COX-2 could have an important role in tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tae Bum
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheol Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Don
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Sung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases
chemical_list: D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; C035859:15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C000605862:PTGES protein, human; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases