title: Telephone assessment of cognitive function in the late-onset Alzheimer's disease family study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Administration of cognitive test batteries by telephone has been shown to be a valid and cost-effective means of assessing cognition, but it remains relatively uncommon in epidemiological research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop composite cognitive measures and assess how much of the variability in their scores is associated with mode of test administration (ie, in person or by telephone).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study conducted at 18 centers across the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1584 persons, 368 with dementia, from 646 families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scores on composite measures of memory and cognitive function derived from a battery of 7 performance tests administered in person (69%) or by telephone (31%) by examiners who underwent a structured performance-based training program with annual recertification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based in part on the results of a factor analysis of the 7 tests, we developed summary measures of working memory, declarative memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and global cognition. In linear regression analyses, mode of test administration accounted for less than 2% of the variance in the measures. In mixed-effects models, variability in cognitive scores due to center was small relative to variability due to differences between individuals and families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In epidemiologic research on aging and Alzheimer disease, assessment of cognition by telephone has little effect on performance and provides operational flexibility and a means of reducing both costs and missing data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. rwilson@rush.edu
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Sue E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Leurgans
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: Neill
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graff-Radford
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayeux
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D013689:Telephone