title: White matter hyperintensities and their association with suicidality in major affective disorders: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals who have deep and periventricular white matter hyperintensities may have a higher risk for suicidal behavior. There are mixed results in the literature regarding whether unipolar or bipolar patients who have attempted suicide have more deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) or periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) relative to those who have no history of suicide attempts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis of studies examining white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in mood disorder patients with and without a history of suicide attempts was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four studies, including a total of 173 patients who attempted suicide and 183 who did not attempt suicide, were included. A significantly higher number of attempters were found to have WMH than non-attempters. Unipolar depressed patients who had attempted suicide had 1.9 times more DWMH and 2.1 times more PVH than those who did not. Bipolar patients who had attempted suicide had 5.4 times more PVH than those who had not. Taken together, unipolar and bipolar patients who had attempted suicide had 2.8 times more DWMH and 4.5 times more PVH than those who had never attempted suicide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings raise the possibility that WMH are biological substrates of symptoms that lead to suicidal behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Conceição
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Grangeon
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seixas
authors.forename: Lucas C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Quarantini
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miranda-Scippa
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Acioly L T
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.forename: Irismar Reis
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*