title: [Outcomes of ICSI with microamount frozen-thawed sperm obtained by PESA or TESA in the treatment of azoospermia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects and clinical pregnancy outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm insemination (ICSI) with microamount frozen-thawed sperm obtained by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) in azoospermia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided 365 azoospermia patients treated by ICSI into an experimental group (n = 123) and a control group (n = 242) , the former with microamount frozen-thawed sperm, and the latter fresh sperm obtained by PESA or TESA. The rates of fertilization, good embryos, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and multiple pregnancy were analyzed and compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With PESA, the experimental group showed no statistically significant differences from the control group in the rates of fertilization (75.67% vs 76.49%), good embryos (64.96% vs 66.09%), clinical pregnancy (55.21% vs 57.22%), clinical miscarriage (13.21% vs 12.61%), ectopic pregnancy (3. 77% vs 5.41%) and multiple pregnancy (37.74% vs 37.84%) (P > 0.05); nor with TESA (74.41% vs 76.43%, 64.63% vs 66.35%, 46.81% vs 53.39%, 18.18% vs 14.55%, 4.55% vs 1.82%, 37.74% vs 37.84%, P > 0.05). The revival rate of the frozen-thawed sperm from PESA was 70.07%, not significantly different from that of TESA (62.67%) (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICSI with frozen-thawed micro-amount sperm obtained by PESA or TESA is a safe, economic and effective method for the treatment of azoospermia. The techniques for reviving frozen sperm from PESA or TESA remain to be optimized, and whether these techniques may result in long-term genetic risks in the offspring deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China. oulei2007@126.com
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ying-Pu
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D053625:Sperm Retrieval