title: Neglected diseases and ethnic minorities in the Western Pacific Region exploring the links.
abstract: Ethnic minority groups (EMGs) are often subject to exclusion, marginalization and poverty. These characteristics render them particularly vulnerable to neglected diseases, a diverse group of diseases that comprise bacteria, ecto-parasites, fungi, helminths and viruses. Despite the health policy relevance, only little is known of the epidemiological profile of neglected diseases among EMGs. We reviewed country data from Australia, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam and found several overlaps between regions with high proportions of EMG population and high prevalence rates of neglected diseases (infections with soil-transmitted helminths, filarial worms, schistosomes, food-borne trematodes and cestodes). While the links are not always clearly evident and it is impossible to establish correlations among highly aggregated data without control variables-such as environmental factors-there appear indeed to be important linkages between EMGs, socio-economic status and prevalence of neglected diseases. Some determinants under consideration are lack of access to health care and general health status, poverty and social marginalization, as well as education and literacy. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of these linkages and to determine their public health and socio-economic significance. In particular, there is a need for more data from all countries in the Western Pacific Region that is disaggregated below the provincial level. Selected case studies that incorporate other control variables-such as risk factors from the physical environment-might be useful to inform policy makers about the feasibility of prevention and control interventions that are targeted at high-risk EMGs.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria, Vector-borne and other Parasitic Diseases, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schratz
authors.forename: Martha Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: Liberty G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Reforma
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Tuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le Anh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tommaso Cavalli-Sforza
authors.forename: Mackenzie K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utzinger
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ehrenberg
authors.forename: Ah Sian
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tee
mesh_terms: D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors