title: Comparative biomarker expression and RNA integrity in biospecimens derived from radical retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge of preanalytic conditions that biospecimens are subjected to is critically important because novel surgical procedures, tissue sampling, handling, and storage might affect biomarker expression or invalidate tissue samples as analytes for some technologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated differences in RNA quality, gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR, and immunoreactive protein expression of selected prostate cancer biomarkers between tissues from retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Sections of tissue microarray of 23 RALP and 22 RRP samples were stained with antibodies to androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as intersite controls, and 14 other candidate biomarkers of research interest to three laboratories within the Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource tissue banking network. Quantitative real-time PCR was done for AR, PSA (KLK3), KLK2, KLK4, and HIF1A on RNA extracted from five RALP and five RRP frozen tissue cores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No histologic differences were observed between RALP and RRP tissue. Biomarker staining grouped these samples into those with increased (PSA, CK8/18, CKHMW, KLK4), decreased (KLK2, KLK14), or no change in expression (AR, ghrelin, Ki67, PCNA, VEGF-C, PAR2, YB1, p63, versican, and chondroitin 0-sulfate) in RALP compared with RRP tissue. No difference in RNA quality or gene expression was detected between RALP and RRP tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in biomarker expression between RALP and RRP tissue exist at the immunoreactive protein level, but the etiology is unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies should account for changes in biomarker expression when using RALP tissues, and mixed cohorts of RALP and RRP tissue should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratory, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. carmela.ricciardelli@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bianco-Miotto
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Penelope A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Villis R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Hemamali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samaratunga
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kench
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Gail P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Risbridger
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Wayne D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Tilley
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Horsfall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen