title: Overhead drilling: comparing three bases for aligning a drilling jig to vertical.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drilling overhead into concrete or metal ceilings is a strenuous task done by construction workers to hang ductwork, piping, and electrical equipment. The task is associated with upper body pain and musculoskeletal disorders. Previously, we described a field usability evaluation of a foot lever and inverted drill press intervention devices that were compared to the usual method for overhead drilling. Both interventions were rated as inferior to the usual method based on poor setup time and mobility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three new interventions, which differed on the design used for aligning the drilling column to vertical, were compared to the usual method for overhead drilling by commercial construction workers (n=16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The usual method was associated with the highest levels of regional body fatigue and the poorest usability ratings when compared to the three interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the 'Collar Base' intervention design received the best usability ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intervention designs developed for overhead drilling may reduce shoulder fatigue and prevent subsequent musculoskeletal disorders. These designs may also be useful for other overhead work such as lifting and supporting materials (e.g., piping, ducts) that are installed near the ceiling. Workplace health and safety interventions may require multiple rounds of field-testing prior to achieving acceptable usability ratings by the end users.
authors.affiliation: Ergonomics Program, University of California, San Francisco, 1301 S. 46th Street, Richmond, CA 94804, USA. david.rempel@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rempel
authors.forename: Demetra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Star
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000379:methods; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016272:Occupational Health; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D011187:Posture; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace