title: Influence of blood contamination on bond strength of a self-etching system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the influence of blood contamination (BC) on the bond strength (BS) of a self-etching bonding system (SES) to enamel and dentine.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 human molars were longitudinally sectioned on the mesio-distal axis in order to obtain 50 specimens, which were embedded in acrylic resin. At first, the specimens were ground to expose a flat surface of enamel, and a bond strength test was performed. Afterwards, the samples were ground again in order to obtain a flat surface of dentine. Ten groups (total: n=100) were assigned according to substrate (enamel and dentine), step in the bonding sequence when contamination occurred (before the acidic primer and after the bonding resin), and contamination treatment (dry or rinse and dry procedure). Fresh human blood was introduced either before or after SES application (Clearfil SE Bond) and treated with air drying, or by rinsing and drying following application. Composite resin (Filtek Z-250,3M ESPE) was applied as inverted, truncated cured cones that were debonded in tension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean tensile BS values (MPa) for enamel/dentine were 19.4/23.0 and 17.1/10.0 for rinse-and-dry treatment (contamination before and after SES, respectively); while the measurements for the dry treatment, 16.2/23.3 and 0.0/0.0 contamination before and after SES, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was determined that blood contamination impaired adhesion to enamel and dentine when it occurred after bond light curing. Among the tested contamination treatments, the rinse-and-dry treatment produced the highest bond strength with BC after SES application, but it was not sufficient to recover the BS in the contamination-free group.
authors.affiliation: BDS, MS student at Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ellen Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Mendonça
authors.forename: Samuel Nilo
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Fernando Aparecido
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Adriana Bona
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Matos