title: Etiology and one-year follow-up results of hearing loss identified by screening of newborn hearing in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of newborn hearing loss in a Japanese population and to elucidate etiological factors and one-year prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screening of newborn hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1999 and 2008, 101,912 newborn infants were screened, with 693 infants (0.68%) referred. Etiology investigation included CT, detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA, and connexin 26 mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal results (auditory brainstem response [ABR] threshold > or = 35 normal hearing level [dB nHL] in either side) were observed in 312 infants (0.31%), and 133 subjects (0.13%) with ABR thresholds > or = 50 dB nHL on both sides were classified into the habilitation group. In this group, inner ear/internal auditory meatus anomalies were detected in 20 of 121 subjects (17%) tested, middle/external ear anomalies in 14 of 121 subjects (12%), CMV DNA in 13 of 77 subjects (17%), and connexin 26 mutation in 28 of 89 subjects (31%). In 68 subjects undergoing all three investigations (CT, CMV, and connexin 26), 41 (60%) had positive results in at least one test. With inclusion of otitis media with effusion and perinatal problems, this rate amounted to 78% (53 subjects). Of the 97 infants in the habilitation group successfully followed up to one year, 36 (37%) showed a threshold change of 20 dB or more in either ear: 11 (11%) progression and 25 (26%) improvement, and 15 infants (15%) were reclassified into a less severe classification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that 26 percent of infants with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss showed improvement in one year, habilitation protocols, especially very early cochlear implantation within one year of birth, should be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nodoka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006310:Hearing Aids; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies