title: A gender comparison of postobstructive injury in the rat kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) results in renal injury. Studies report increased injury indices in male rats following UUO. Our study examined whether this gender-based renal response to UUO was reflected in sustained differences following relief of obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male/female rats (200-400 g) were subjected to either sham surgery (S/RN) or UUO (UUO/RN). At 24 h, obstruction was relieved and all animals underwent contralateral nephrectomy. Five days after initial surgery, animals were placed in metabolic cages and given water ad libitum for 24 h followed by a 24-hour period of complete water restriction. On day 7, animals were euthanized and samples harvested. Tubular injury, urinary volume/osmolality, creatinine clearance, plasma arginine vasopressin, renal medullary V2 receptor and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male UUO/RN rats showed increased renal apoptotic injury and reduced creatinine clearance rates (glomerular filtration rate) vs. females. No gender-dependent differences were observed in urinary osmolality or concentrating ability. AQP2 expression increased post-obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased injury in males following UUO remains manifest during early recovery after release of obstruction. Despite this, the grade of postobstructive diuresis is not significantly altered between sexes. This may reflect reduced glomerular filtration rate and elevated AQP2 in male rats.
authors.affiliation: The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Padraig J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Ronald W G
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manucha
authors.forename: Neil G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Docherty
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004231:Diuresis; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014868:Water Deprivation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C496025:Aqp2 protein, rat; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D003404:Creatinine