title: Framingham Heart Study: the first 20 years.
abstract: The Framingham Heart Study remains the most famous and influential investigation in cardiovascular disease epidemiology. To generations of epidemiologists, it is a model for the cohort design. Here we revisit the origins of the Framingham Study before it became an accomplished and famous investigation whose existence and success are taken for granted. When in 1947 the Public Health Service initiated the study, knowledge of the distribution and determinants of coronary heart disease was sparse. Epidemiology was primarily focused on infectious disorders. Framingham's pioneers struggled to invent an appropriate epidemiological approach to this chronic disease and to establish support for a new kind of research within a community. Thereafter they had to convince skeptical medical professionals that the results of epidemiological investigations of heart disease were applicable to their clinical practices.
authors.affiliation: Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA. go10@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history*; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011159:Population Surveillance; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology