Adhesion pattern and growth of primary human osteoblastic cells on five commercially available titanium surfaces.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to analyze the morphology and proliferation of human osteoblastic cells in vitro on five commercially available titanium surfaces.


METHODS
Human primary cells of the osteoblastic lineage were obtained from bone explants. The cells were plated on polished (T1), machined (T2), sand-blasted/acid-etched (T3), sand-blasted/acid-etched, modified with hydrogen peroxide rinse (T4), and plasma-sprayed titanium (T5) disks. Cell morphology was studied after 6, 24, 72 h, 7 and 14 days of culture by scanning electron microscopy. The formation and distribution of focal adhesions was investigated by immunocytochemical staining at 3, 6 and 24 h. Cell growth was measured by an MTT assay after 3, 7 and 9 days of culture. Moreover, the production of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was evaluated in the supernatants by ELISA.


RESULTS
Morphological analysis revealed that substrate topography profoundly affected cells' shape and their anchoring structures. Large lamellipodia were formed on polished and machined surfaces, while thin filopodia were more frequently observed on T3 and T4 samples. Moreover, cells formed stronger focal adhesions on T3 and T4 surfaces, and cell proliferation was higher on rough surfaces. Osteocalcin production was higher on the T4 surface, whereas OPG steadily increased on every surface.


CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, these data show that all the surfaces allowed cell attachment, adhesion and proliferation, but T4 and T5 surfaces appeared to be a better substrate for the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells of the osteoblastic lineage.
Passeri
Giovanni
G
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Cacchioli
Antonio
A
Ravanetti
Francesca
F
Galli
Carlo
C
Elezi
Erida
E
Macaluso
Guido M
GM
D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D016596:Vinculin / Q000032:analysis; D015040:Zirconium
D000199:Actins; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D016596:Vinculin; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide