title: [Operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD) in patients in a prodromal state of schizophrenia--an explorative study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain data and hypotheses regarding the amelioration of risk estimation and preventive psychotherapy in patients in a prodromal state of schizophrenia by using OPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 participants with a prodromal condition--6 subjects far from psychosis and 14 close to psychosis--along with 10 patients with paranoid schizophrenia as reference group were examined using the first four OPD axes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups differed considerably in all four axes. Compared to the schizophrenic participants, prodromal probands appear to have more favourable preconditions for therapy. Moreover, they experienced the interaction partners, including the investigator, as less aversive and induced less distanced behaviour in the investigator. Conflicts of self-esteem were prominent in both prodromal subgroups. However, patients farther from psychosis showed less conflicts of autonomy versus dependence and displayed a higher integration in structures such as "defence" and "attachment" when compared to participants closer to psychosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Particularly the differences between the prodromal subgroups suggest that application of the OPD may positively complement previous approaches of early detection, prevention,and psychotherapy for prodromal conditions. The hypotheses obtained should be tested in longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
authors.affiliation: Frütherkennungs- und Therapiezentrum for beginnende Psychosen Berlin-Brandenburg, Klinik for Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Charité, Berlin.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uzdawinis
authors.forename: Marc-Andreas
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Edel
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozgürdal
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Haebler
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witthaus
authors.forename: Yehonala
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gudlowski
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juckel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D011594:Psychometrics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology