title: The origin of fibroblasts and mechanism of cardiac fibrosis.
abstract: Fibroblasts are at the heart of cardiac function and are the principal determinants of cardiac fibrosis. Nevertheless, cardiac fibroblasts remain poorly characterized in molecular terms. Evidence is evolving that the cardiac fibroblast is a highly heterogenic cell population, and that such heterogeneity is caused by the distinct origins of fibroblasts in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts can derive either from resident fibroblasts, from endothelial cells via an endothelial-mesenchynmal transition or from bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells, monocytes and fibrocytes. Here, we review the function and origin of fibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis.NB. The information given is correct.
authors.affiliation: Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krenning
authors.forename: Elisabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zeisberg
authors.forename: Raghu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalluri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005355:Fibrosis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology