title: A multi-center, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intravenous-ibuprofen (IV-ibuprofen) for treatment of pain in post-operative orthopedic adult patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pre- and post-operative administration of intravenous ibuprofen (IV-ibuprofen) can significantly decrease pain and morphine use when compared with placebo in adult orthopedic surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was completed at eight hospitals; six in the United States and two in South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 185 adult patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either 800 mg IV-ibuprofen or placebo every 6 hours, with the first dose administered pre-operatively. Additionally, all patients had access to intravenous morphine for rescue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy of IV-ibuprofen was demonstrated by measuring the patient's self assessment of pain using a visual analog scale (VAS; assessed with movement and at rest) and a verbal response scale (VRS). Morphine consumption during the post-operative period was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the immediate post-operative period, there was a 25.8% reduction in mean area under the curve-VAS assessed with movement (AUC-VASM) in patients receiving IV-ibuprofen (P < 0.001); a 31.8% reduction in mean AUC-VAS assessed at rest (AUC-VASR; P < 0.001) and a 20.2% reduction in mean VRS (P < 0.001) compared to those receiving placebo. Patients receiving IV-ibuprofen used 30.9% less morphine (P < 0.001) compared to those receiving placebo. Similar treatment emergent adverse events occurred in both study groups and there were no significant differences in the incidence of serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre- and post-operative administration of IV-ibuprofen significantly reduced both pain and morphine use in orthopedic surgery patients in this prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Lotus Clinical Research Inc., Pasadena, California, USA. neil@lotuscr.com
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pavliv
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010919:Placebos; D009020:Morphine; D007052:Ibuprofen