title: Systematic review: should routine resection of the extra-hepatic bile duct be performed in gallbladder cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Complete surgical resection is associated with improved outcomes in gallbladder cancer. Whether the extra-hepatic bile duct (EHBD) should be routinely excised for gallbladder cancer is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze literature concerning EHBD excision to determine if it is associated with survival advantage and hence can be routinely recommended.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for the years 1988-2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EHBD excision was reported to be performed routinely for T1-4 in some studies, while others reported resection to facilitate lymph node clearance or if the EHBD was grossly involved by disease that remained otherwise resectable. While one study demonstrated 100% survival in T1 disease, other reports do not demonstrate any survival benefit of EHBD excision in T1 disease. Four studies (level IV-V) demonstrated 60% to 90% five-year survival for routine excision in T2 disease, while three other studies demonstrated no survival advantage but increased morbidity due to the procedure. In T3/4 disease, one study (level IV-V) demonstrated a benefit in T4 disease only, and another study (level IV-V) reported a survival advantage in patients in whom the bile duct was not involved; five other studies showed no impact of routine EHBD excision on survival but reported morbidity following anastomotic leaks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available evidence does not support routine resection of EHBD in gallbladder cancer. EHBD excision should be performed in the presence of specific indications, viz., to achieve an R0 resection of the primary tumor and/ or to aid complete lymph node dissection that would compromise the EHBD by devascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Parul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Savio G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Barreto
mesh_terms: D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications