title: Fear of movement/(re)injury in Chinese patients with chronic pain: Factorial validity of the Chinese version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the factor structure of the Chinese version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese patients with chronic pain attending either orthopaedic specialist services (n = 216) or multidisciplinary specialist pain services (n = 109) participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed the Chinese version of TSK, The Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and questions assessing socio-demographic characteristics. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to compare hierarchical and correlated models of 5 different factor solutions previously reported in patients with chronic pain in the West.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated inequality of the TSK factor structure, in that the TSK11 for the orthopaedics sample was best represented by a two-factor correlated model (S-Bchi2 = 49.593; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93; normed filt index (NFI) = 0.911; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.025) comprising 2 first-order factors, Somatic Focus (TSK11-SF) and Activity Avoidance (TSK-AA). The pain clinic sample showed a one-factor structure as best representing the TSK4's underlying dimensions (CFI = 0.971; NFI = 0.912; RMSEA = 0.048). There was no evidence to support a single overarching concept of kinesiophobia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TSK appears to have utility in Chinese chronic pain populations. Elucidation of the TSK's psychometrics properties in other Chinese/Asian pain populations with different diagnoses and presentations of pain problems is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. wswong@cityu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Wing S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Hau Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Keith D K
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: Yu F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Kan H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Barry K H
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Emma T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fielding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult