title: Economic evaluation in radiology: reviewing the literature and examples in oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review US health care trends related to medical imaging utilization and costs as well as to present standard methods for conducting economic evaluation for health care interventions and medical imaging specifically.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the medical literature was performed to assess health policy and health technology assessment trends, expenditures, and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) related to medical imaging. Standard approaches to conducting economic evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis were reviewed and summarized. Examples of CEA evidence related to imaging in select oncology conditions were presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several high-quality methodology publications have provided guidance for conducting economic evaluation and CEA in radiology. There is variability in the quality of CEA models and their dissemination. However, there are numerous methodologically sound cost-effectiveness analyses for radiology procedures, and the evidence base of CEA studies for medical imaging continues to increase. Advanced imaging approaches for diagnosing and staging oncology conditions have the potential to provide cost-effective care when used in appropriate patient subpopulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional rigorous comparative effectiveness studies for advanced imaging, including cost-effectiveness analyses, can provide useful information to policy makers and health care providers on the relative effects and costs associated with diagnostic alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Harborview Medical Center, Comparative Effectiveness, Cost, and Outcomes Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. bres@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Bresnahan
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000191:economics*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000191:economics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011871:Radiology / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States