title: Confirmation of combinational effects of calcium with other metals in a paper recycling mill effluent on nematode lifespan with toxicity identification evaluation method.
abstract: We used toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method to confirm the combinational effects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill effluent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to Ca + Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Al; and exposure to Ca + Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Fe. Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Ca+Fe. Moreover, the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals (Ca+Al+Fe) in spiking test in original effluent (oe), and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode. Therefore, Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial effluent. Furthermore, the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China. dayongw@seu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lulu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D007501:Iron / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010209:Paper; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; C107483:DAF-2 protein, C elegans; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D002118:Calcium