title: The effect of a high-fat meal on postprandial arterial stiffness in men with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postprandial dysmetabolism is emerging as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Augmentation index (AIx) is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness and independently predicts cardiovascular outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a standardized high-fat meal on metabolic parameters and AIx in 1) lean, 2) obese nondiabetic, and 3) subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male subjects (lean, n = 8; obese, n = 10; and T2DM, n = 10) were studied for 6 h after a high-fat meal and water control. Glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and AIx (radial applanation tonometry) were measured serially to determine the incremental area under the curve (iAUC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AIx decreased in all three groups after a high-fat meal. A greater overall postprandial reduction in AIx was seen in lean and T2DM compared with obese subjects (iAUC, 2251 +/- 1204, 2764 +/- 1102, and 1187 +/- 429% . min, respectively; P < 0.05). The time to return to baseline AIx was significantly delayed in subjects with T2DM (297 +/- 68 min) compared with lean subjects (161 +/- 88 min; P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between iAUC AIx and iAUC triglycerides (r = 0.50; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity is associated with an attenuated overall postprandial decrease in AIx. Subjects with T2DM have a preserved, but significantly prolonged, reduction in AIx after a high-fat meal. The correlation between AIx and triglycerides suggests that postprandial dysmetabolism may impact on vascular dynamics. The markedly different response observed in the obese subjects compared with those with T2DM was unexpected and warrants additional evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology, and Metabolic Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peake
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kolade
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sacre
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sharman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D012306:Risk; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats