title: Hexavalent chromium induced ROS formation, Akt, NF-kappaB, and MAPK activation, and TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha production in keratinocytes.
abstract: In certain cell types, it has been found that, hexavalent chromium could increase ROS formation, activate cell signaling and stimulate the release of cytokines. But, in keratinocytes, these effects have not yet fully been demonstrated. Our aim is to observe the above effects of hexavalent chromium on keratinocytes. By utilizing HaCaT cells and the skin of albino guinea pigs, we showed that hexavalent chromium could increase ROS formation, activate the Akt, NF-kB, and MAPK pathways as well as increase the production of cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha. The release of these cytokines from keratinocytes is considered to be a key participant in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. Among cement workers, chromium hypersensitivity is an important occupational skin disease issue. Therefore, the observations of our study help us better understand the role of hexavalent chromium on the development of chromium hypersensitivity, which might provide clues for clinicians in the development of chemopreventative agents for the prevention of chromium hypersensitivity among cement workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bour-Jr
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hamm-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Yue-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yu-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Min-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ying-Jan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases