title: HIV and sexually transmitted disease risk among male Hispanic/Latino migrant farmworkers in the Southeast: Findings from a pilot CBPR study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors of Hispanic/Latino farmworkers. This study was designed to describe risk factors for HIV and STD infection, explore personal characteristics associated with condom use, and evaluate the feasibility of collecting self-report and biomarker data from farmworkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report and biomarker data were collected from a sample of male farmworkers living in 29 camps in North Carolina during the 2008 growing season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over half of the 100 male workers, mean age 37.1 (range 19-68) years, reported binge drinking during the past 12 months. Forty percent of those who reported having had sex during the past 3 months indicated that they were under the influence of alcohol. Knowledge of HIV and STD transmission and prevention was low. Among the 25 workers who reported having had sex during the past 3 months, 16 and 2 reported using a condom consistently during vaginal and anal sex, respectively, and nearly 1 out of 6 workers reported paying a woman to have sex. Two workers tested positive for syphilis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Farmworkers in this sample demonstrated significant HIV and STD risks; however, when exploring potential bivariate associations with consistent condom use no statistically significant associations were identified perhaps due to the small sample size. Because it was feasible to collect self-report and biomarker data related to HIV and STDs from Hispanic/Latino farmworkers, research needed to further explore risks and develop interventions to reduce disease exposure and transmission among this vulnerable population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1063, USA. srhodes@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Werner E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burnell
authors.forename: Lara E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Walkup
authors.forename: Quirina M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Vallejos
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Quandt
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grzywacz
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Arcury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017280:Condoms; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult