title: Work-related exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and dementia: results from the population-based study of dementia in Swedish twins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the association between extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (EMF) and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease using all 9,508 individuals from the Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins (HARMONY) with valid occupational and diagnostic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening followed by in-person clinical workup. Main lifetime occupation was coded according to an established EMF exposure matrix. Covariates were age, gender, education, vascular risk factors, and complexity of work. Based on previous research, data were also analyzed separately for cases with disease onset by age 75 years versus later, men versus women, and those with manual versus nonmanual main occupation. We used generalized estimating equations with the entire sample (to adjust for the inclusion of complete twin pairs) and conditional logistic regression with complete twin pairs only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Level of EMF exposure was not significantly associated with dementia or Alzheimer's disease. However, in stratified analyses, medium and high levels of EMF exposure were associated with increased dementia risk compared with low level in cases with onset by age 75 years (odds ratio: 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-3.65 for medium, odds ratio: 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-3.65 for high) and in participants with manual occupations (odds ratio: 1.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-3.09 for medium, odds ratio: 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-3.05 for high). Results with 42 twin pairs discordant for dementia did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational EMF exposure appears relevant primarily to dementia with an earlier onset and among former manual workers.
authors.affiliation: School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., MHC 1321, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. randel@usf.edu
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feychting
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fratiglioni
authors.forename: Boo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009790:Occupations; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology