title: Role of peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 4 in protection of respiratory syncytial virus-induced cysteinyl oxidation of nuclear cytoskeletal proteins.
abstract: The respiratory epithelium plays a central role in innate immunity by secreting networks of inflammatory mediators in response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Previous proteomic studies focusing on the host cellular response to RSV indicated the existence of a nuclear heat shock response and cytoplasmic depletion of antioxidant proteins in model type II-like airway epithelial cells. Here, we increased the depth of nuclear proteomic interrogation by using fluorescence difference labeling followed by liquid isoelectric focusing prefractionation/two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify an additional 41 proteins affected by RSV infection. Surprisingly, we found inducible oligomers and shifts in isoelectric points for peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx-1), Prdx-3, and Prdx-4 isoforms without changes in their total abundance, indicating that Prdxs were being oxidized in response to RSV. To address the role of Prdx-1 and Prdx-4 in RSV infection, isoforms were selectively knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Cells lacking Prdx-1, Prdx-4, or both showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species formation and a higher level of protein carbonylation in response to RSV infection. Using a novel saturation fluorescence labeling 2-DE analysis, we showed that 15 unique proteins had enhanced oxidative modifications of at least >1.2-fold in the Prdx knockdowns in response to RSV, including annexin A2 and desmoplakin. Our results suggest that Prdx-1 and Prdx-4 are essential for preventing RSV-induced oxidative damage in a subset of nuclear intermediate filament and actin binding proteins in epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Sciences, MRB 8.126, RT 1060, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA. mjamalud@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamaluddin
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wiktorowicz
authors.forename: Kizhake V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Soman
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boldogh
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Forbus
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spratt
authors.forename: Roberto P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Brasier
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D003545:Cysteine