Intervention taxonomy (ITAX): describing essential features of interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To identify key features of interventions that need to be considered in the design, execution, and reporting of interventions.


METHODS
Based on prior work on decomposing psychosocial and clinical interventions, current guidelines for describing interventions, and a review of a broad range of intervention studies, we developed a comprehensive intervention taxonomy.


RESULTS
Specific recommendations, rationales, and definitions of intervention delivery and content characteristics including mode, materials, location, schedule, scripting, and sensitivity to participant characteristics, interventionist characteristics, adaptability, implementation, content strategies, and mechanisms of action are provided.


CONCLUSIONS
Applying this taxonomy will advance intervention science by (a) improving intervention designs, (b) enhancing replication and follow-up of intervention studies, (c) facilitating systematic exploration of the efficacy and effectiveness of intervention components through cross-study analysis, and (d) informing decisions about the feasibility of implementation in broader community settings.
Schulz
Richard
R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 121 University Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. schulz@pitt.edu
Czaja
Sara J
SJ
McKay
James R
JR
Ory
Marcia G
MG
Belle
Steven H
SH
D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010346:Patient Care Management; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D009626:Terminology as Topic