title: An examination of delusional thinking and cognitive styles in body dysmorphic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by severe dissatisfaction with one's appearance. The aim of this study was to examine belief characteristics in BDD, particularly delusional beliefs and their relationship to other cognitive styles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen DSM-IV BDD patients and 14 matched control participants completed questionnaires that measured delusions, creative experiences, self-esteem, self-ambivalence, depression and anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BDD patients endorsed three times as many delusional beliefs as controls, but the number of delusional ideas in the BDD sample was on a continuum and did not divide patients into two discrete groups. Additionally, the BDD group had higher fantasy proneness, lower self-esteem, higher self-ambivalence and higher depression and anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the conceptualization of BDD as a single disorder with varying degrees of delusional thinking and suggests that BDD should not be dichotomized according to the presence or absence of delusional thinking, as is currently the case in the DSM-IV.
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Izelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labuschagne
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunai
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kyrios
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rossell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image; D003071:Cognition; D003702:Delusions / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires