title: Ventilation practices in the neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess current ventilation practices in newborn infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a 2-point cross-sectional study in 173 European neonatal intensive care units, including 535 infants (mean gestational age 28 weeks and birth weight 1024 g). Patient characteristics, ventilator settings, and measurements were collected bedside from endotracheally ventilated infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 457 (85%) patients were conventionally ventilated. Time cycled pressure-limited ventilation was used in 59% of these patients, most often combined with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (51%). Newer conventional ventilation modes like volume targeted and pressure support ventilation were used in, respectively, 9% and 7% of the patients. The mean tidal volume, measured in 84% of the conventionally ventilated patients, was 5.7 ± 2.3 ml/kg. The mean positive end-expiratory pressure was 4.5 ± 1.1 cmH(2)O and rarely exceeded 7 cmH(2)O.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time cycled pressure-limited ventilation is the most commonly used mode in neonatal ventilation. Tidal volumes are usually targeted between 4 to 7 mL/kg and positive end-expiratory pressure between 4 to 6 cmH(2)O. Newer ventilation modes are only used in a minority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anton H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: van Kaam
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rimensberger
authors.forename: Dorine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borensztajn
authors.forename: Anne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: De Jaegere
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*