Facial paralysis rehabilitation: state of the art.
OBJECTIVE
Surgical management of facial paralysis continues to undergo evolution. Advances made in management reflect the challenging nature of facial paralysis and the drive to ever improve outcomes.


RESULTS
Recent advances have been made in neuronal transfers using the masseteric nerve, minimally invasive static procedures, and dynamic transfer of the temporalis tendon.


CONCLUSIONS
Continued evolution of techniques for the management of facial paralysis is reflected in the current literature. Broader application of neuronal transfers, minimally invasive static procedures, and orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer, among other techniques, indicates a vibrant field of surgeons who pursue ever better results for patients with facial paralysis.
Meltzer
Noah E
NE
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Alam
Daniel S
DS
D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000637:transplantation; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000294:innervation; D013536:Suture Techniques