title: Spanish validation of Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ (brace).es) for adolescents with braces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a result of scientific and medical professionals gaining interest in Stress and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL), the aim of our research is, thus, to validate into Spanish the German questionnaire Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ) (mit Korsett), for adolescents wearing braces.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methodology used adheres to literature on trans-cultural adaptation by doing a translation and a back translation; it involved 35 adolescents, ages ranging between 10 and 16, with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) and wearing the same kind of brace (Rigo System Chêneau Brace). The materials used were a socio-demographics data questionnaire, the SRS-22 and the Spanish version of BSSQ(brace).es. The statistical analysis calculated the reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) and the validity (convergent and construct validity) of the BSSQ (brace).es.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BSSQ(brace).es is reliable because of its satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.809, p < 0.001) and temporal stability (test-retest method with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.902 (p < 0.01)).It demonstrated convergent validity with SRS-22 since the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.656 (p < 0.01). By undertaking an Exploratory Principal Components Analysis, a latent structure was found based on two Components which explicate the variance at 60.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BSSQ (brace).es is reliable and valid and can be used with Spanish adolescents to assess the stress level caused by the brace.
authors.affiliation: Ramon Llull University, Faculty of Psychology. C/Cister, 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Agata
authors.affiliation: Ramon Llull University, Faculty of Psychology. C/Cister, 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carles Pérez
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Testor
authors.affiliation: E. Salvá Spinal Deformities Rehabilitation Institute, Via Augusta, 185, 08021 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigo