title: Applied anatomy for the aesthetic surgeon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the expanding view of the oculofacial surgeon as experts in the realm of aesthetic surgery, familiarity with facial anatomy is essential. The purpose of this review is to present an update on the relevant facial anatomy and its application on rejuvenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerous studies have redefined facial morphology and variations in facial features, which are important when treating all aesthetic patients. This particularly becomes valuable when patients of differing ethnic origins present for evaluation. Enhanced surgical options are now available that have expounded on previous work on skeletal and fascial attachments of the face that occur with aging. Additionally, an improved understanding of facial anatomy has led to safer and more effective surgical procedures to anatomically restore youth to the aging face.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomic and anthropomorphic knowledge is constantly improving in the realm of oculofacial plastic surgery. Newer insights into the treatment of facial aging have resulted from the application of an ever-expanding understanding of facial anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCSD Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0946, USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Rog
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ayelet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Priel
authors.forename: Bobby S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: Don O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D004954:Esthetics; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D012060:Rejuvenation