title: Phosphatidylcholine for the treatment of prominent lower eyelid fat pads: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out whether the off-label use of Lipostabil is as effective as advertised for the nonsurgical treatment of bulging lower eyelid fat pads.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative, single-center study. Participants were 45 patients with full lower eyelids who were injected with 0.5 ml of Lipostabil in one eyelid and 0.5 ml of isotonic saline in the opposite lower eyelid as a control. Inclusion criteria were healthy adults older than 25 years. Exclusion criteria included patients with a known bleeding tendency or bleeding disorder and patients addicted to "antiwrinkle" products. The main outcome measures were reduction of lower eyelid fat pads and the occurrence of ocular or systemic side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pre- and postinjection pictures of the 23 patients who completed the study were examined by 3 masked observers. They failed to differentiate the Lipostabil from the saline-injected eyelids or even the pretreatment from the posttreatment pictures in the majority of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mesotherapy is hailed in the media as the most exceptional discovery since the introduction of botulinum toxin. Unfortunately, we failed to observe any improvement in appearance or reduction of fullness after multiple injections. Further studies are needed to determine whether Lipostabil is indeed ineffective for the management of eyelid fullness or the dose the authors used has to be increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. hatem35@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hatem A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.forename: Nehal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zuel-Fakkar
authors.forename: Rehab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elmarasy
authors.forename: Norlaila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talib
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elsamkary
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdallah
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D057748:Mesotherapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D056687:Off-Label Use; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; C005152:lipostabil