Strong phylogeographic pattern of cpDNA variation reveals multiple glacial refugia for Saruma henryi Oliv. (Aristolochiaceae), an endangered herb endemic to China.
Saruma henryi Oliv. (Aristolochiaceae) is an endangered herb endemic to China. In this study, chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs) and sequences of the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacers were employed to reveal its genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns. We detected high within-species genetic diversity (H(T)=0.939 for cpSSR; H(T)=0.862 for atpB-rbcL) and pronounced among-population genetic differentiation (H(S)=0.182, G(ST)=0.811, R(ST)=0.9, F(ST)=0.93 for cpSSR; H(S)=0.238, G(ST)=0.724, N(ST)=0.758, F(ST)=0.79 for atpB-rbcL) with a strong phylogeographic pattern (R(ST)>G(ST), P<0.01 for cpSSR; N(ST)>G(ST), U=0.25 for atpB-rbcL). Eleven haplotypes were distinguished by cpSSRs and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacers, respectively. The molecular phylogenetic data, together with the geographic distribution of the haplotypes, suggested the existence of multiple localized glacial refugia in Mts. Qinling, eastern Mts. Bashan and the southeastern edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Nested clade analysis (NCA) and population genetic analyses supported the limited gene flow (caused by low dispersal capacity and complex topography of its habitats) as the major factor responsible for the strong population differentiation and phylogeographic pattern. Past fragmentation and allopatric fragmentation were inferred as important processes responsible for the modern phylogeograhpic pattern. In addition, contiguous range expansions occurred in western Mts. Qinling and eastern Mts. Bashan.
Zhou
Tian-Hua
TH
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China.
Li
Shan
S
Qian
Zeng-Qiang
ZQ
Su
Hai-Lun
HL
Huang
Zhao-Hui
ZH
Guo
Zhi-Gang
ZG
Dai
Pan-Feng
PF
Liu
Zhan-Lin
ZL
Zhao
Gui-Fang
GF
D029065:Aristolochiaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051456:Gene Flow; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer