title: Perforated appendicitis in children: equal access to care eliminates racial and socioeconomic disparities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine whether equal access to health care eliminates racial and socioeconomic disparities in appendicitis outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of patients younger than 18 years treated for appendicitis for a decade was performed. Outcomes were appendiceal perforation (AP) rate and length of hospitalization (LOH). Independent variables included racial status, annual median per capita income, and parental education level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven thousand two hundred forty-seven patients were identified (mean age, 11.6 years; 62% male). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for AP was similar in blacks, Hispanics, and Asians compared to whites. The OR for AP was similar in high- and medium-income families compared to low-income families. The OR for AP was similar in high and medium parental education levels compared to low parental education levels. The adjusted LOH was longer in blacks and similar in Hispanics and Asians compared to whites. The LOH was shorter in high- and similar in medium-income families compared to low-income families. The LOH was similar in all parental education levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower socioeconomic background and minority status did not correlate with higher appendiceal perforation rates or a clinically longer LOH in children with equal access to care. The previously reported disparities in pediatric appendicitis outcome are preventable with equal access to care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. slleemd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shekherdimian
authors.forename: Vicki Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Roman M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sydorak
mesh_terms: D001062:Appendectomy; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology