title: Structural and cultural barriers to the adoption of smoking cessation services in addiction treatment organizations.
abstract: Few studies have examined associations between the availability of smoking cessation services in addiction treatment organizations and specific cultural, staffing, and resource barriers. Telephone interviews were conducted with administrators of 897 addiction treatment organizations in the United States. These data revealed that few programs had adopted the full bundle of five recommended tobacco-related intake procedures, and that less than half of programs offered any smoking cessation services. Barriers to adoption of the intake bundle and availability of services included organizational culture and low levels of staff skills. Adoption of cessation services was associated with center type, location in a hospital setting, levels of care, and organizational size. Although a substantial proportion of organizations offer smoking cessation services, expansion of these services and greater adoption of tobacco-related intake procedures are needed to address the needs of nicotine-dependent individuals in addiction treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA. hanna.knudsen@uky.edu
authors.forename: Hannah K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Studts
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Roman
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016730:Program Development / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*