title: Expressive behavior in Parkinson's disease as a function of interview context.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parkinson's disease affects the ability to express motivation through face, body, and voice; contextual factors may facilitate or inhibit expressive behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine whether qualities of the interview context are associated with client motivational behavior in Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women with Parkinson's disease (N = 106) discussed 2 topics (enjoyable activity vs. frustrating activity) during an assessment with a female or male interviewer. From videotaped clips, displays of 4 categories of motivation and 12 verbal and 18 nonverbal, behavioral patterns were rated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the discussion of enjoyable activities, participants used more positive words, smiled more, and were more facially expressive. Participants were less talkative about their negative feelings and appeared to be more apathetic with the same-gender interviewer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational therapy practitioners should vary the emotional tone of their questions to improve the validity of motivation assessments.
authors.affiliation: Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA. kayo.ot@kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tickle-Degnen
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Coster
authors.forename: Nancy K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Latham
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012737:Sex Factors; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014741:Video Recording