title: Compromised chorionic villous vascularization in idiopathic second trimester fetal loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For normal fetal growth and development a well-developed chorionic villous vascularization is essential.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate whether idiopathic second trimester fetal loss is associated with an underdeveloped chorionic villous vascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 placentas after late miscarriage, classified as idiopathic fetal loss (IFL, n=16) or as fetal loss due to intrauterine infection (IUI, n=22) were collected. After CD34 immunohistochemical staining the villous stromal area, number of villous vessels, vascular area and vascular area density (central, peripheral and total) were measured in randomly selected immature intermediate villi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean gestational age was 19+4 weeks for the IFL group and 20+6 weeks for the IUI group. After controlling for gestational age, we found no differences in fetal weight, placental weight, villous stromal area, number of vessels and central vascular features. The mean peripheral vascular area and peripheral vascular area density were, after adjusting for gestational age, reduced in the IFL group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Idiopathic second trimester fetal loss is associated with a reduced peripheral chorionic villous vascularization. We hypothesize that in these cases, placentation is already disturbed in first trimester of pregnancy, leading to a reduced materno-fetal interface in second trimester, thus to early postplacental fetal hypoxia and fetal death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.vanoppenraaij@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: R H F
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: van Oppenraaij
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heathcote
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McPartland
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quenby
authors.forename: E A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Exalto
mesh_terms: D000032:Abortion, Therapeutic; D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000473:pathology*; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34