Dopamine D1 receptors, regulation of gene expression in the brain, and neurodegeneration.
Dopamine (DA), the most abundant catecholamine in the basal ganglia, participates in the regulation of motor functions and of cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Abnormalities in dopaminergic systems are thought to be the bases for some neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction, Parkinson's disease, and Schizophrenia. DA exerts its arrays of functions via stimulation of D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) DA receptors which are located in various regions of the brain. The DA D1 and D2 receptors are very abundant in the basal ganglia where they exert their functions within separate neuronal cell types. The present paper focuses on a review of the effects of stimulation of DA D1 receptors on diverse signal transduction pathways and gene expression patterns in the brain. We also discuss the possible involvement of the DA D1 receptors in DA-mediated toxic effects observed both in vitro and in vivo. Future studies using more selective agonist and antagonist agents and the use of genetically modified animals should help to further clarify the role of these receptors in the normal physiology and in pathological events that involve DA.
Cadet
Jean Lud
JL
Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. jcadet@intra.nida.nih.gov
Jayanthi
Subramaniam
S
McCoy
Michael T
MT
Beauvais
Genevieve
G
Cai
Ning Sheng
NS
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D015259:Dopamine Agents; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009479:Neuropeptides; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004298:Dopamine