title: A 90-day oral toxicity study of nisin A, an anti-microbial peptide derived from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, in F344 rats.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate and characterize any adverse effect of nisin A, when administered to both sexes of F344/DuCrlCrlj rats (10 males and 10 females in each group) at dietary levels of 0%, 0.2%, 1.0% and 5.0% for 90 days. Animals given NaCl at a dietary level of 3.712% (equivalent to the NaCl content in 5.0% nisin A diet) served as a reference material treated group. There were no deaths, and the treatment had no toxicologically significant effects on clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, or gross pathology. Statistically significant increases of water consumption, urine volume, and urinary sodium and chlorine, and decreases of urinary potassium and serum sodium, along with increases of absolute and relative kidney weight, and incidences of minimal squamous cell hyperplasia of limiting ridge in the forestomach, were found in nisin A-treated groups. It was considered that these changes were related to NaCl, since they were also noted in rats given diet containing the reference substance. Thus, no toxicologically significant changes were apparent in both sexes of F344/DuCrlCrlj rats fed diet containing 0%, 0.2%, 1.0% and 5.0% nisin A for 90 days. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for nisin A was concluded to be a dietary level of 5.0% (2996 mg/kg/day for males and 3187 mg/kg/day for females).
authors.affiliation: DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya 491-0113, Japan. hagiwara@dims.co.jp
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hironao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Joss
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delves-Broughton
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Shim-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009561:Nisin / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012015:Reference Standards; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009561:Nisin; C102526:nisin A