title: Visible changes of female facial skin surface topography in relation to age and attractiveness perception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evolutionary psychology suggests that a woman's age and physical appearance are important mate choice criteria. Given that changes in female facial skin surface topography are important, prominent visible signs of aging, male perceptual sensitivity for variation in this trait may also affect preference and attractiveness judgment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experiments were conducted to investigate perception (Experiment 1) and noticeability (Experiment 2) of skin surface topography manipulations in facial images of six British women, aged 45-65 years. In Experiment 1 skin surface topography cues were completely removed on the cheeks, the "crow's feet" area adjacent to the eye, under the eyes, above the upper lip, and on the forehead while, in Experiment 2, it was removed gradually (20% increments) on the forehead and around the eyes. In both experiments, stimuli were presented to American and German participants (total N = 300, aged 15-55 years) in omnibus pair-wise combinations (within-face). With each pair, respondents were asked to select that face which they considered as younger looking (Experiments 1 and 2) and more attractive (Experiment 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Faces with skin surface topography cues removed were judged significantly younger and more attractive than their original (unmodified) counterparts, with modifications on the forehead and around the eyes showing the highest differences. In these areas, participants were able to detect at least a 20% visual change in skin surface topography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the assertion that even small changes in skin surface topography affect the perceptions of a woman's facial age and attractiveness and may, thus, also influence men's mate preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociobiology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Matts
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Dawes
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology*