title: Postoperative calcium requirements in 6,000 patients undergoing outpatient parathyroidectomy: easily avoiding symptomatic hypocalcemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the amount and duration of supplemental oral calcium for patients with varying clinical presentations discharged immediately after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-year, prospective, single-institution study of 6,000 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism and discharged within 2.5 hours. Based on our previous studies, patients are started on a sliding scale of oral calcium determined by a number of preoperative measures (ie, serum calcium, body weight, osteoporosis) beginning 3 hours postoperation and decreasing to a maintenance dose by week 3. Patients reported all hypocalcemia symptoms daily for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven parameters were found to have a substantial impact on the amount of calcium required to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia: preoperative serum calcium >12 mg/dL, >13 mg/dL, and >13.5 mg/dL, bone density T score less than -3, morbid obesity, removal of >1 parathyroid, and manipulation/biopsy of all remaining glands (all p < 0.05). Each independent variable increased the daily calcium required by 315 mg/day. Using our scaled protocol, <8% of patients showed symptoms of hypocalcemia, nearly all of whom were successfully self-treated with additional oral calcium. Only 6 patients (0.1%) required a visit to the emergency room for IV calcium, all occurring on postoperative day 3 or later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After outpatient parathyroidectomy, a specific calcium protocol has been verified that eliminates development of symptomatic hypocalcemia in >92% of patients, identifies patients at high risk for hypocalcemia, and allows self-medication with confidence in a predictable fashion for those patients in whom symptoms develop.
authors.affiliation: Norman Parathyroid Center, Tampa, FL 33544, USA.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasher
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Politz
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000601:surgery*; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium