title: Molecular identification of the causative agent of human strongyloidiasis acquired in Tanzania: dispersal and diversity of Strongyloides spp. and their hosts.
abstract: In order to identify the causative agent of imported strongyloidiasis found in a Japanese mammalogist, who participated in a field survey in Tanzania, the hyper-variable region IV (HVR-IV) of 18S ribosomal DNA and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) were analyzed and compared with Strongyloides fuelleborni collected from apes and monkeys of Africa and Japan, and S. stercoralis from humans, apes and dogs. The HVR-IV and cox1 of the patient's worms were identical to or only slightly differed from those of worms parasitic in Tanzanian chimpanzees and yellow baboons, demonstrating that the patient acquired the infection during her field survey in Tanzania. Phylogenetic analysis with the maximum-likelihood method largely divided isolates of S. fuelleborni into three groups, which corresponded to geographical localities but not to host species. Meanwhile, isolates of S. stercoralis were grouped by the phylogenetic analysis into dog-parasitic and primate-parasitic clades, and not to geographical regions. It is surmised that subspeciation has occurred in S. fuelleborni during the dispersal of primates in Africa and Asia, while worldwide dispersal of S. stercoralis seems to have occurred more recently by migration and the activities of modern humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan. hasegawa@oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Pierre Philippe Mbehang
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nguema
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobusue
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooriyama
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takenoshita
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Yatsukaho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Toshisada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000032:analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013321:Strongyloides / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D013322:Strongyloidiasis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000662:veterinary; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1