title: Assessment of capacity for surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia in 17 Ghanaian hospitals using a WHO assessment tool.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey infrastructure characteristics, personnel, equipment and procedures of surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia care in 17 hospitals in Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  The assessment was completed by WHO country offices using the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care, which surveyed infrastructure, human resources, types of surgical interventions and equipment in each facility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, hospitals were well equipped with general patient care and surgical supplies. The majority of hospitals had a basic laboratory (100%), running water (94%) and electricity (82%). More than 75% had the basic supplies needed for general patient care and basic intra-operative care, including sterilization. Almost all hospitals were able to perform major surgical procedures such as caesarean sections (88%), herniorrhaphy (100%) and appendectomy (94%), but formal training of providers was limited: a few hospitals had a fully qualified surgeon (29%) or obstetrician (36%) available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest barrier to improving surgical care at district hospitals in Ghana is the shortage of adequately trained medical personnel for emergency and essential surgical procedures. Important future steps include strengthening their number and qualifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Afua A J
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abantanga
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sory
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osen
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fleischer-Djoleto
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moresky
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: Fizan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000592:standards*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005869:Ghana; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006295:Health Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006280:Health Workforce; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000592:standards*; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000592:standards; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000592:standards*; D014944:World Health Organization