title: Impact of fixed pulmonary hypertension on post-heart transplant outcomes in bridge-to-transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fixed pulmonary hypertension (FPH) is considered a contraindication to cardiac transplantation. Ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy through prolonged left ventricular unloading may reverse FPH. Our aim was to assess post-transplant outcomes and survival in patients with and without FPH undergoing VAD implantation as bridge to transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients received an intracorporeal left VAD (LVAD) as a bridge to transplant from 2000 to 2008 at two institutions (Rigshospitalet, Denmark, and the Toronto General Hospital, Canada). Twenty-two (41%) patients had fixed FPH (defined as pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] >3 Wood units and resistant to pulmonary vasodilators) prior to VAD implant (FPH group) and were compared with 32 patients without FPH (NoFPH group). Baseline characteristics, pre- and post-transplant pulmonary pressures, incidence of complications and post-transplant survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar except that patients in the FPH group were older (46 ± 11 years vs 39 ± 13 years in the NoFPH group, p < 0.05). The mean pre-VAD PVR was 4.3 ± 1.7 Wood units in the FPH group and 1.7 ± 0.5 Wood units in the NoFPH group (p < 0.001). Pulmonary pressures were higher in the FPH group immediately prior to VAD implant, but they were comparable immediately pre-transplant and during the first year post-transplant. The incidence of post-transplant RV failure was not significantly different between groups. Post-transplant survival was similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VAD therapy successfully decreases pulmonary hypertension, even in patients with "fixed" FPH, allowing candidacy for heart transplantation. Among bridge-to-transplant candidates, the presence of FPH does not reduce post-transplant survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Heart Transplantation, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. carolina.alba@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Annette S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Diego H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Delgado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult