title: Vergence analysis reveals the influence of axial distances on accommodation with age and axial ametropia.
abstract: Despite numerous investigations, the aetiology and mechanism of accommodation and presbyopia remains equivocal. Using Gaussian first-order ray tracing calculations, we examine the contribution that ocular axial distances make to the accommodation response. Further, the influence of age and ametropia are also considered. The data show that all changes in axial distances during accommodation reduce the accommodation response, with the reduction in anterior chamber depth contributing most to this overall attenuation. Although the total power loss due to the changes in axial distances remained constant with increasing age, hyperopes exhibited less accommodation than myopes. The study, therefore, enhances our understanding of biometric accommodative changes and demonstrates the utility of vergence analysis in the assessment of accommodation.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK. l.n.davies@aston.ac.uk
authors.forename: Leon N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Mark C M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolffsohn
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult