title: The metabolic response to the activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor by salbutamol is amplified by acylated ghrelin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well recognized that beta-adrenergic receptors mediate important endocrine and metabolic actions. In fact, beta-adrenergic receptor activation negatively influences GH secretion while exerting relevant metabolic actions such as the stimulation of insulin secretion, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have already shown that the activation of the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R)-1a by acylated ghrelin (AG) counteracts the inhibitory effect of salbutamol (SALB), a beta2-adrenergic agonist, on GH release. The aim of the present study in humans was to clarify whether the metabolic response to SALB is affected by the infusion of AG, also known to exert significant metabolic actions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy young male volunteers underwent the following testing sessions in random order at least 5 days apart: a) SALB (0.06 microg/kg/min iv from 0 to 60 min) alone; b) SALB in combination with AG (1.0 microg/kg/min iv from -60 to 60 min); c) isotonic saline. Insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were evaluated every 15 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, with respect to saline, SALB administration tended to increase both insulin secretion [Delta area under the curve (DeltaAUC): 0.16+/-0.09 vs 0.003+/-0.077 x 10(3) microU/ml/min; p>0.05] and FFA levels (DeltaAUC: 8.0+/-7.3 vs -4.0+/-4.0 mEq/l/min; p>0.05), while glucose levels did not change. The metabolic response to SALB was significantly modified under the exposure of AG. In fact, under AG infusion, SALB elicited a more marked increase of FFA (DeltaAUC: 22.3+/-3.2 vs 8.0+/-7.3 mEq/l/min; p<0.05) as well as a slight elevation in insulin (DeltaAUC: 0.37+/-0.11 vs 0.16+/-0.09 x 10(3) microU/ml/min; p>0.05). Under AG, the baseline glucose levels were more elevated but, again, in combination with AG, SALB did not significantly modify glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta-adrenergic receptors and AG are likely to interact at the metabolic level. In humans, the lypolitic response to a beta2-adrenergic agonist such as SALB is amplified by AG. Meanwhile, during the co-treatment, the marginal insulinotropic effect was not associated with an increase in glycemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: St-Pierre
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gramaglia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prodam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lucatello
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramella-Gigliardi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomelini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Broglio
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000420:Albuterol