title: Proven infection-related sepsis induces a differential stress response early after ICU admission.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuropeptides arginine-vasopressin (AVP), apelin (APL), and stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) are involved in the dysfunction of the corticotropic axis observed in septic ICU patients. Study aims were: (i) to portray a distinctive stress-related neuro-corticotropic systemic profile of early sepsis, (ii) to propose a combination data score, for aiding ICU physicians in diagnosing sepsis on admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective one-center observational study was carried out in a medical intensive care unit (MICU), tertiary teaching hospital. Seventy-four out of 112 critically ill patients exhibiting systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were divided into two groups: proven sepsis and non sepsis, based on post hoc analysis of microbiological criteria and final diagnosis, and compared to healthy volunteers (n = 14). A single blood sampling was performed on admission for measurements of AVP, copeptin, APL, SDF-1α, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol baseline and post-stimulation, and procalcitonin (PCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood baseline ACTH/cortisol ratio was lower and copeptin higher in septic vs. nonseptic patients. SDF-1α was further increased in septic patients vs. normal patients. Cortisol baseline, ACTH, PCT, APACHE II and sepsis scores, and shock on admission, were independent predictors of sepsis diagnosis upon admission. Using the three first aforementioned categorical bio-parameters, a probability score for predicting sepsis yielded an area under the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curves better than sepsis score or PCT alone (0.903 vs 0.727 and 0.726: P = 0.005 and P < 0.04, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stress response of early admitted ICU patients is different in septic vs. non-septic conditions. A proposed combination of variable score analyses will tentatively help in refining bedside diagnostic tools to efficiently diagnose sepsis after further validation.
authors.affiliation: Soins Intensifs Médicaux, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada. olivier.lesur@USherbrooke.ca
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lesur
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Roussy
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chagnon
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gallo-Payet
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dumaine
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarret
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chraibi
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chouinard
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hogue
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000073861:Apelin; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D006020:Glycopeptides; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C048197:copeptins; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D006854:Hydrocortisone