title: Inhibition of N-cadherin retards smooth muscle cell migration and intimal thickening via induction of apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is a potential strategy for reducing intimal thickening during in-stent restenosis and vein graft failure. In this study, we examined the effect of disrupting the function of the VSMC adhesion molecule, N-cadherin, using antagonists, neutralizing antibodies, and a dominant negative, on VSMC migration and intimal thickening. Migration was assessed by the scratch-wound assay of human saphenous vein VSMCs and in a human saphenous vein ex vivo organ culture model of intimal thickening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of cadherin function using a pan-cadherin antagonist, significantly reduced migration by 53%±8% compared with the control peptide (n=3; P<.05). Furthermore, inhibition of N-cadherin function with an N-cadherin antagonist, neutralizing antibodies, and adenoviral expression of dominant negative N-cadherin (RAd dn-N-cadherin), significantly reduced migration by 31%±2%, 23%±1% and 32%±7% compared with controls, respectively (n=3; P<.05). Inhibition of cadherin function significantly increased apoptosis by between 1.5- and 3.3-fold at the wound edge. In an ex vivo model of intimal thickening, inhibition of N-cadherin function by infection of human saphenous vein segments with RAd dn-N-cadherin significantly reduced VSMC migration by 55% and increased VSMC apoptosis by 2.7-fold. As a result, intimal thickening was significantly suppressed by 54%±14%. Importantly, there was no detrimental effect of dn-N-cadherin on endothelial coverage; in fact, it was significantly increased, as was survival of cultured human saphenous vein endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the condition of this study, cell-cell adhesion mediated by N-cadherin regulates VSMC migration via modulation of viability. Interestingly, inhibition of N-cadherin function significantly retards intimal thickening via inhibition of VSMC migration and promotion of endothelial cell survival. We suggest that disruption of N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts is a potential strategy for reducing VSMC migration and intimal thickening.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cressida A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.forename: Evgenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koutsouki
authors.forename: Concepcion M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Orest W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Blaschuk
authors.forename: Sarah Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; C050361:CDH2 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic