title: School disrepair and substance use among regular and alternative high school students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The physical environment influences adolescent health behavior and personal development. This article examines the relationship between level of school disrepair and substance use among students attending regular high school (RHS) and alternative high school (AHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from students (N = 7058) participating in 2 randomized controlled trials of a school-based substance abuse prevention program implemented across the United States. Students provided substance use and demographic information on a self-reported survey. Data for the physical disrepair of schools were collected from individual rater observations of each school environment. We hypothesized that school disrepair would be positively associated with substance use controlling for individual characteristics and a socioeconomic status proxy. Multilevel mixed modeling was used to test the hypothesized association and accounted for students nested within schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that students attending AHS with greater school disrepair were more likely to report the use of marijuana and other illicit drugs (ie, cocaine, heroin). Students attending RHS with greater school disrepair were less likely to report smoking cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in findings between RHS and AHS students are discussed, and implications for substance use prevention programming are offered. Students attending AHS with greater school disrepair may require more substance abuse prevention programming, particularly to prevent illicit substance use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 1000 Fremont Avenue, Unit 8, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA. grana@usc.edu
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Grana
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunning
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sussman
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002648:Child; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012574:Schools; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology