title: Spectacle lenses designed to reduce progression of myopia: 12-month results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of 12-month wear of three novel spectacle lens designs intended to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus and one standard design control lens and their effect on the progression of myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 16 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese children (n = 210) with myopia (-0.75 D to -3.50 D sphere, cylinder <or=-1.50 D) were randomized to one of four groups wearing either one of three novel spectacle lens designs (types I, II, or III) or conventional, single-vision spectacle lenses. Data were collected at 6 and 12 months. Primary and secondary outcome measures were the changes in central cycloplegic auto-refraction and eye axial length, respectively. Peripheral refraction along the horizontal meridian (nasal and temporal) was taken at baseline with and without spectacle lenses. Multivariate linear regression was used to adjust analyses for important covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progression in eyes wearing control spectacle lenses at 6 and 12 months was -0.55 D +/- 0.35 D and -0.78 +/- 0.50 D, respectively. For the entire group, no statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of progression with the novel designs in comparison to control spectacle lenses. However, in younger children (6 to 12 years) with parental history of myopia (n = 100), there was significantly less progression (-0.68 D +/- 0.47 D vs. -0.97 D +/- 0.48 D) with lens type III compared with control spectacles (mean difference, 0.29 D, std error, 0.11, p = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of progression of myopia between the control and novel lens wearing eyes for the age group 6 to 16 years. The finding of reduced progression of myopia with type III lens design in younger children with parental myopia needs to be validated in a more targeted study.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Eye Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. p.sankaridurg@ier.org.au
authors.forename: Padmaja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sankaridurg
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Saulius
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varnas
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Earl L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Brien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D004867:Equipment Design; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D009216:Myopia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010290:Parents; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors