title: Telemonitoring and self-management in the control of hypertension (TASMINH2): a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Control of blood pressure is a key component of cardiovascular disease prevention, but is difficult to achieve and until recently has been the sole preserve of health professionals. This study assessed whether self-management by people with poorly controlled hypertension resulted in better blood pressure control compared with usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 24 general practices in the UK. Patients aged 35-85 years were eligible for enrolment if they had blood pressure more than 140/90 mm Hg despite antihypertensive treatment and were willing to self-manage their hypertension. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to self-management, consisting of self-monitoring of blood pressure and self-titration of antihypertensive drugs, combined with telemonitoring of home blood pressure measurements or to usual care. Randomisation was done by use of a central web-based system and was stratified by general practice with minimisation for sex, baseline systolic blood pressure, and presence or absence of diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Neither participants nor investigators were masked to group assignment. The primary endpoint was change in mean systolic blood pressure between baseline and each follow-up point (6 months and 12 months). All randomised patients who attended follow-up visits at 6 months and 12 months and had complete data for the primary outcome were included in the analysis, without imputation for missing data. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN17585681.
  
  
  RESULTS
  527 participants were randomly assigned to self-management (n=263) or control (n=264), of whom 480 (91%; self-management, n=234; control, n=246) were included in the primary analysis. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased by 12.9 mm Hg (95% CI 10.4-15.5) from baseline to 6 months in the self-management group and by 9.2 mm Hg (6.7-11.8) in the control group (difference between groups 3.7 mm Hg, 0.8-6.6; p=0.013). From baseline to 12 months, systolic blood pressure decreased by 17.6 mm Hg (14.9-20.3) in the self-management group and by 12.2 mm Hg (9.5-14.9) in the control group (difference between groups 5.4 mm Hg, 2.4-8.5; p=0.0004). Frequency of most side-effects did not differ between groups, apart from leg swelling (self-management, 74 patients [32%]; control, 55 patients [22%]; p=0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-management of hypertension in combination with telemonitoring of blood pressure measurements represents an important new addition to control of hypertension in primary care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Department of Health Policy Research Programme, National Coordinating Centre for Research Capacity Development, and Midlands Research Practices Consortium.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) National School for Primary Care Research, Birmingham, UK. r.j.mcmanus@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mant
authors.forename: Emma P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: Miren I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: Billingsley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaambwa
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banting
authors.forename: Stirling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: F D Richard
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012646:Self Administration; D049971:Thiazides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D049971:Thiazides