title: Relationships among rhinitis, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue.
abstract: New information about the pathophysiology of idiopathic nonallergic rhinopathy indicates a high prevalence in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This article shows the relevance of CFS and allied disorders to allergy practice. CFS has significant overlap with systemic hyperalgesia (fibromyalgia), autonomic dysfunction (irritable bowel syndrome and migraine headaches), sensory hypersensitivity (dyspnea; congestion; rhinorrhea; and appreciation of visceral nociception in the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and other organs), and central nervous system maladaptations (central sensitization) recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Neurological dysfunction may account for the overlap of CFS with idiopathic nonallergic rhinopathy. Scientific advances are in fMRI, nociceptive sensor expression, and, potentially, infection with xenotropic murine leukemia-related virus provide additional insights to novel pathophysiological mechanisms of the "functional" complaints of these patients that are mistakenly interpreted as allergic syndromes. As allergists, we must accept the clinical challenges posed by these complex patients and provide proper diagnoses, assurance, and optimum care even though current treatment algorithms are lacking.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, PHC Building, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007-2197, USA. baraniuj@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Baraniuk
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005356:Fibromyalgia; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000473:pathology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012220:Rhinitis; D012678:Sensation Disorders