title: Cost analysis of intubation-related tracheal injury using a national database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform risk analysis of tracheal injuries caused by endotracheal intubation (ETI) and to estimate the financial impact of these sequelae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost analysis using a national database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 2006 National Inpatient Sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified clinical manifestations and treatments of complications associated with endotracheal tubes and codified them into International Classification of Disease-ninth revision diagnosis and procedure codes, intentionally excluding alternative etiologies of tracheal injury. Using the AHRQ 2006 National Inpatient Sample, we then compared patients with tracheal injury coded during the medical or surgical stay for length of stay (LOS) and mean hospital cost with diagnosis-related group (DRG)-matched controls; we also examined readmissions treating tracheal injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tracheal injury presents as tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, tracheoesophageal fistula, laryngotracheal ulceration, and vocal cord paralysis. A total of 3232 discharge records met criteria for tracheal injury from ETI within the index hospital stay. Average LOS for patients with tracheal injury (6.3 days; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0-6.3) exceeded LOS in the uncomplicated sample (5.2 days; CI 5.1-5.3) by 1.1 days. The average hospital cost was $1888 higher with tracheal injury ($10,375 [CI $9762-$10,988] vs $8487 [CI $8266-$8669]). LOS for procedures treating prior tracheal injury averaged 4.7 days and cost an average of $11,025 per discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tracheal injury from ETI is associated with a significant increase in healthcare costs that accrue both during the index admission and during subsequent hospitalizations required to treat the injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. nbhatti1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Nasir I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Atta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohyuddin
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reaven
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Kulsoom
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laeeq
authors.forename: Vinciya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pandian
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feller-Kopman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016270:United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality