title: Epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome.
abstract: The interdependence of cardiac and renal dysfunction has emerged as a focus of intense interest in heart failure management due to the substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Captured in the clinical entity known as cardiorenal syndrome, recent definitions afford discussion of the acute and longitudinal evaluation and management of these patients. This article discusses potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiorenal syndrome, epidemiology, inpatient and long-term care (including investigational therapies and mechanical fluid removal), and end-of-life and palliative care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mentz
authors.forename: Eldrin F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents