title: Sub-acute effects of diazinon on biochemical indices and specific biomarkers in rats: protective effects of crocin and safranal.
abstract: In this study, the effects of crocin and safranal were studied against sub-acute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) on specific biomarkers, biochemical indices and enzymes levels in rats. Vitamin E (200 IU/kg), safranal at doses 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg and crocin at doses 50, 100 and 200mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally three times per week alone or with DZN (20mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. The parameters were evaluated at the end of 4 weeks. Diazinon did not change serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, total and direct bilirubin levels. Total protein and albumin concentrations were decreased by diazinon. Crocin, safranal and vitamin E prevented the effect of diazinon on some biochemical indices and enzymes levels. The levels of serum TNF-alpha, direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha) and soluble protein-100 beta (S100 beta) were increased significantly by diazinon. The augmentation of direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 beta) and S100 beta levels by diazinon was significantly decreased by crocin, safranal and vitamin E. TNF-alpha level was significantly decreased in diazinon plus crocin 50 and 100mg/kg treated groups compared to the diazinon group. This study showed that vitamin E, safranal and crocin could prevent diazinon induced enzymes elevation and augmentation of some specific biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza Timcheh
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.forename: Seyed Adel
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moallem
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Memar
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003976:Diazinon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004798:Enzymes; D007306:Insecticides; D013729:Terpenes; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; C087963:safranal; C029036:crocin; D003976:Diazinon