title: The levels of cytokines in rats following the use of prophylactic agents in vascular graft infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the circulating levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-? in serum following the use of topical and intra-peritoneal vancomycin and teicoplanin, as well as topical fusidic acid to prevent MRSA vascular graft infection in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Graft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of rats by implantation of Dacron prostheses. Circulating levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were measured in serum samples of all rats obtained by ELISA at sacrifice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 were found indifferent in all groups. The mean serum levels of TNF-alpha were as follows: 32.9 +/- 9.9 pg/ml in uncontaminated control group, 59.9 +/- 7.1 pg/ml in untreated contaminated group, 41.4 +/- 11.5 pg/ml in intraperitoneal vancomycin group, 39.6 +/- 10.1 pg/ml in intraperitoneal teicoplanin group, 35.6 +/- 8.2 pg/ml in topical vancomycin group, 37.3 +/- 19.5 pg/ml in topical teicoplanin group, 35.5 +/- 16.7 pg/ml in topical 10% fusidic acid group, 36.4 +/- 6.9 pg/ml in topical 40% fusidic acid group. The level of TNF-alpha in untreated contaminated group was significantly higher than in all of the other groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.02, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha was determined to be a more accurate cytokine than IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in a rat model in which intra-peritoneal and topical glycopeptides as well as fusidic acid were administered for the prevention of vascular graft infection (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 20).
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University Turkey. mustafagultr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005672:Fusidic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D005672:Fusidic Acid; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin