title: Test-re-test reproducibility of Doppler echocardiography for assessment of electromechanical dyssynchrony: implications for heart failure clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reproducibility of Doppler echocardiography for assessment of inter-ventricular and intra-left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony, and its clinical implications, have not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight subjects (heart failure stages A-C, 61% with QRS ≥ 120 ms, ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%) underwent two consecutive echo-studies within 24h to evaluate test-re-test reproducibility of inter-ventricular electromechanical delay (VV delay, by traditional pulsed-Doppler), and intra-LV electromechanical delay between opposite LV walls by color-coded Doppler tissue-velocity (COLOR-DTI), and by pulsed-Doppler tissue spectrum (PW-DTI). Reproducibility of LV internal diastolic diameter (LVIDD) and of EF (by Simpson's method) assessments was evaluated contextually for reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-study and inter-study reproducibility of inter-ventricular and intra-LV electromechanical dyssynchrony was in general good, and comparable to the reproducibility of LVIDD and EF assessments. Between-study reproducibility of PW-TDI method was fair, but showed poor agreement with COLOR-TDI method. In repeated studies, agreement of significant electromechanical delay by COLOR-TDI was comparable to the agreement of EF ≤ 35%. In the 5 patients who had simultaneously large QRS, EF ≤ 35%, and significant inter- and intra-ventricular dyssynchrony at study #1, 3 had EF 36-40% and 1 showed no significant dyssynchrony by study #2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In serial echocardiographic studies, Doppler echocardiography showed a good test-re-test reproducibility for the identification of significant electromechanical delay. Planimetry for EF assessment was a source of variability as relevant as Doppler echocardiography, but COLOR-DTI may add meaningful and reproducible information to QRS duration for cardiac-resynchronization therapy.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Unità complessa di Cardiologia, Ospedale dei Pellegrini - ASL Napoli 1, Naples, Via Napoli 816, San Felice a Cancello E 81027, Italy. vpalmieri68@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buonomo
authors.forename: Giovanvirgilio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tartaglione
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pezzullo
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celentano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right