title: Psychological treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with medical disorders: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is widely acknowledged that the prevalence of depression in the general population is high, but that it is even higher for patients with medical disorders. Yet, the effectiveness of psychological treatments in these patient populations has not been firmly established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies examining the effects of psychological treatments in patients with 1 of 10 different medical disorders and elevated levels of depression. Extensive searches were performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 23 studies. The overall effect size of the 15 studies that compared psychological treatments with a waitlist or care-as-usual control group was d=1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57-1.44] but declined to d=0.42 (95% CI, 0.27-0.58) after removing two outliers with extremely high effects. We tested the type of disorder, inclusion based on diagnostic criteria or symptoms, type of treatment, treatment format, type of control group, and intention-to-treat or completers analyses, but none of these variables were significantly associated with the effect. The four studies that compared one type of psychotherapy to another showed a positive effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy compared to supportive therapy (d=0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.69). There were not enough studies (n=3) to draw any conclusions about the comparison of psychotherapy to pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the effects of psychological treatment of patients with medical disorders are very similar to those found in otherwise healthy patients. Treating this comorbid depression should be one of the priorities in medical care settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.van.straten@psy.vu.nl
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Straten
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geraedts
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verdonck-de Leeuw
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuijpers
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012803:Sick Role
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents