title: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor in myocardial infarction with low ejection fraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the safety and efficacy of GCSF therapy in a porcine model of ischemia-reperfusion with left ventricle ejection fraction of <45% using a clinically relevant dosing and timing regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  MI was induced in pigs by a 90 min balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sixteen animals were randomized to either GCSF (IV bolus of 10 microg/kg at time of reperfusion, followed by SC injections of 5 microg/kg days 5-9 post-MI) or saline (control group). Inflammatory markers, bone marrow cell mobilization and LV function (echocardiography and pressure-volume measurements) were assessed at baseline, 1 and 6 weeks post-MI. Histopathology was performed 6 weeks post-MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCSF therapy was associated with a significant increase in white blood cell counts. At week 6, GCSF therapy resulted in less deterioration of LVEF compared to control (38+/-2% vs. 33+/-2%, p<0.02) and improved wall motion score index (p<0.05). Histopathology revealed increased vascular density (p<0.05) and a trend toward increased areas of viable myocardium compared to control (p=0.058).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCSF therapy prevents further deterioration of LV function in a porcine model of MI with lower EF (<45%). These results support future clinical trials with GCSF in selected patients with larger MI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0103, USA.
authors.forename: Franca S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amabile
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: Kanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Yerem
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeghiazarians
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002404:Catheterization; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor