title: Five-year longitudinal treatment outcomes of the ISTAR Comprehensive Stuttering Program.
abstract: Replicated evidence of satisfactory 1- and 2-year post-treatment outcomes has been reported for the Comprehensive Stuttering Program (CSP). However, little is known about longer term outcomes of the CSP. Yearly follow-up measures were obtained from 18 participants for 5 consecutive years. At 5-year follow-up, participants were maintaining clinically and statistically significant reductions in stuttering and increases in rates of speech relative to pre-treatment measures. Standardized effect sizes were large. There were no significant differences among the immediate post-treatment and five follow-up measures, indicating that speech gains achieved by the end of the treatment program were stable over the 5-year follow-up period. Insufficient return rates for self-report data for the third to fifth follow-up measurement occasions prohibited analyzing these data. However, non-significant differences among the immediate post-treatment and two follow-up measures indicated that improvements achieved by the end of treatment in speech-related confidence, and perceptions of struggle, avoidance, and expectancy to stutter were stable over the 2-year follow-up period. Significant differences among the speech-related communication attitudes scores indicated that improvements in attitudes made at the end of the treatment program were less stable. Taken together, these results provide further and longer term evidence of the effectiveness of the CSP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Readers will be able to: (1) describe the main components of the Comprehensive Stuttering Program (2) describe a methodology for determining clinically meaningful maintenance of stuttering reductions, and (3) describe the durability and stability of improvements in speech and self-report measures across time.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stuttering Treatment & Research (ISTAR), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1500, 8215 - 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2C8. marilyn.langevin@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kully
authors.forename: Shelli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Narasimha Prasad
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult