title: Kallikrein-kinin system: a surgical perspective in post-aprotinin era.
abstract: Kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) plays an important role in inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and development of neoplasia. There is evidence to suggest that KKS plays an important role in organ protection during preconditioning. Aprotinin is a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor, which has been extensively used in cardiac surgery for the control of post operative bleeding. The anti-inflammatory effects of aproprotin are due to its inhibitory effect on the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). We herein review KKS and its role as applied to the practice of surgery.
authors.affiliation: School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: d'Udekem
authors.forename: Igor E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Konstantinov
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D016234:Kallikrein-Kinin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007611:Aprotinin