title: Contribution of treated wastewater to the microbiological quality of Seine River in Paris.
abstract: Urban part of Seine River serving as drinking water supply in Paris can be heavily contaminated by Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. In the absence of agricultural practice in this highly urbanized area, we investigated herein the contribution of treated wastewater to the microbiological quality of this river focusing on these two parasites. Other microorganisms such as faecal bacterial indicators, enteroviruses and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii were assessed concurrently. Raw wastewaters were heavily contaminated by Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts, whereas concentrations of both protozoa in treated wastewater were lower. Treated wastewater, flowed into Seine River, had a parasite concentration closed to the one found along the river, in particular at the entry of a drinking water plant (DWP). Even if faecal bacteria were reliable indicators of a reduction in parasite concentrations during the wastewater treatment, they were not correlated to protozoal contamination of wastewater and river water. Oocysts of T. gondii were not found in both raw and treated wastewater, or in Seine River. Parasitic contamination was shown to be constant in the Seine River up to 40 km upstream Paris. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that treated wastewater does not contribute to the main parasitic contamination of the Seine River usually observed in this urbanized area.
authors.affiliation: EAU DE PARIS, 144 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 75014 Paris, France. laurent.moulin@eaudeparis.fr
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefania
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gosselin
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rocher
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paffoni
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dumètre
mesh_terms: D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D033661:Oocysts; D010297:Paris; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014505:Urban Population; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D014876:Water Pollution; D018508:Water Purification