title: Demographic, institutional and obstetrical risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage mortality.
abstract: This study, initially presented at the SMFM Annual Conference in San Diego on 29 January 2009, sought to explore the risk factors for mortality from postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). A total of 138,316 cases of PPH from 1991 to 2000 were identified using the California Health Discharge Database. Data analysed included demographic information and clinical risk factors. PPH increased from 1.9% to 2.8%, while mortality rate decreased during the study period (1991-2000). Logistic regression showed that hysterectomy, hypertensive disorders, abruption, transverse caesarean delivery, and classical caesarean delivery, increased risk for PPH mortality, while manual placental extraction, episiotomy, and laceration repairs decreased risk. Two geographical regions, Inland Empire and Orange County, were associated with increased PPH mortality, despite having lower incidence of PPH. Teaching status and investor ownership of hospitals increased the risk of PPH mortality. There was no associated change in mortality based on hospital quality rating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. alex.fong@cshs.org
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leake
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogunyemi
mesh_terms: D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D022125:Lacerations / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors