title: In acute pathogenic SIV infection plasmacytoid dendritic cells are depleted from blood and lymph nodes despite mobilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are depleted from blood of individuals with HIV infection associated with progression to disease. It has been postulated but not proven that pDC accumulate in lymph nodes and induce sustained immune activation characteristic of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dynamics of the pDC response to acute pathogenic SIV infection of rhesus macaques were studied using methods to track recently divided cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pDC were lost from blood and lymph nodes in acute SIV infection despite rapid mobilization and recruitment. pDC had a low frequency of infection, were uniformly activated and had increased levels of apoptosis, while maintaining normal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pDC mobilization into blood and lymph nodes in acute SIV infection does not keep pace with excessive pDC loss through activation and apoptosis. The depletion of pDC from lymphoid tissues in acutely infected rhesus macaques does not support a pathogenic role for pDC in disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. smbb@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barratt-Boyes
authors.forename: Viskam
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wijewardana
authors.forename: Kevin N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus