title: Impact of P2Y12 inhibition by clopidogrel on cardiovascular mortality in unselected patients treated by percutaneous coronary angioplasty: a prospective registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether low platelet response to the P2Y(12) receptor antagonist clopidogrel as assessed by Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein flow cytometry test (VASP- FCT) predicts cardiovascular events in a high-risk population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Impaired platelet responsiveness to clopidogrel is thought to be a determinant of cardiovascular events after PCI. The platelet VASP-FCT is a new assay specific to the P2Y(12) adenosine diphosphate receptor-pathway. In this test, platelet activation is expressed as platelet reactivity index (PRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-hundred sixty-one unselected patients undergoing urgent (n = 346) or planned (n = 115) PCI were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified as low-response (LR) and response (R) to clopidogrel, depending on their PRI. Optimal PRI cutoff was determined by receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis to 61% (LR: PRI > or =61% and R: PRI <61%). Follow-up was obtained at a mean of 9 +/- 2 months in 453 patients (98.3%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, total cardiac mortality rates and possible and total stent thrombosis were higher in LR patients. Multivariate analysis identified creatinine clearance (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 0.98, p < 0.001), drug-eluting stent (HR: 5.73; 95% CI: 1.40 to 23.43, p = 0.015), C-reactive protein (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.019, p = 0.024), and LR to clopidogrel (HR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.08 to 14.80, p = 0.037) as independent predictors of cardiac death. The deleterious impact of LR to clopidogrel on cardiovascular death was significantly higher in patients implanted with drug-eluting stent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing PCI, LR to clopidogrel assessed by VASP-FCT is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death at the PRI cutoff value of > or =61%. The LR clinical impact seems to be dependent on the type of stent implanted.
authors.affiliation: Pôle d'activité médico-chirurgicale Cardiovasculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Ghannudi
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohlmann
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wiesel
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Radulescu
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chauvin
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bareiss
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gachet
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Morel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004351:Drug Resistance; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000097:blood; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D012372:ROC Curve; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000097:blood; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine