title: Intermediate-term clinical outcomes of primary biventricular repair for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and ventricular septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary biventricular repair for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and ventricular septal defect remains challenging. The intermediate-term outcomes and risk factors for mortality remain undefined.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing primary biventricular repair of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and ventricular septal defect from 1995 to 2008 at the C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health Systems were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients (mean age, 18 days; 20 male) with a median follow-up of 6.7 years (range, 0.3-13.5 years) were identified. The ventricular septal defect was enlarged in 15 patients, and a limited atrial septal defect was constructed in 16 patients. There were 6 hospital and 2 late deaths. Ten-year patient survival was 72.3%. Lower body weight (P = .040), complete atrial septal defect closure (P = .026), and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (P = .026) were risk factors of hospital mortality. An atrial septal defect was patent in 16 patients at discharge, 2 of whom required later surgical closure. Relief of recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was performed in 1 patient. No patient required pacemaker implantation. Five-year freedom from right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit replacement was 39.3%. Smaller-sized conduit (P = .020) and use of aortic allograft (P = .048) were risk factors for early failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary biventricular repair for patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and ventricular septal defect provides good early and intermediate-term outcomes. Maintaining a small atrial septal defect may improve hospital mortality. Selective ventricular septal defect enlargement and careful construction of the intraventricular pathway result in a low incidence of recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, as well as avoidance of heart block. Maximizing valve diameter and avoiding aortic allografts may lengthen conduit longevity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich, USA.
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoashi
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bove
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Devaney
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ohye
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000637:transplantation; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D058327:Norwood Procedures; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*