title: A conserved mechanism of GABA binding and antagonism is revealed by structure-function analysis of the periplasmic binding protein Atu2422 in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
abstract: Bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) and eukaryotic PBP-like domains (also called as Venus flytrap modules) of G-protein-coupled receptors are involved in extracellular GABA perception. We investigated the structural and functional basis of ligand specificity of the PBP Atu2422, which is implicated in virulence and transport of GABA in the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Five high-resolution x-ray structures of Atu2422 liganded to GABA, Pro, Ala, and Val and of point mutant Atu2422-F77A liganded to Leu were determined. Structural analysis of the ligand-binding site revealed two essential residues, Phe(77) and Tyr(275), the implication of which in GABA signaling and virulence was confirmed using A. tumefaciens cells expressing corresponding Atu2422 mutants. Phe(77) restricts ligand specificity to α-amino acids with a short lateral chain, which act as antagonists of GABA signaling in A. tumefaciens. Tyr(275) specifically interacts with the GABA γ-amino group. Conservation of these two key residues in proteins phylogenetically related to Atu2422 brought to light a subfamily of PBPs in which all members could bind GABA and short α-amino acids. This work led to the identification of a fingerprint sequence and structural features for defining PBPs that bind GABA and its competitors and revealed their occurrence among host-interacting proteobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Planamente
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigouroux
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondy
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicaise
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moréra
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D033902:Periplasmic Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D033902:Periplasmic Binding Proteins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid