title: Influence from breathing pattern on alcohol and tracer gas expirograms--implications for alcolock use.
abstract: Measurement of breath alcohol concentration is strongly influenced by timing and the breathing pattern. In particular, shallow expiration and hyperventilation leads to underestimation of the breath alcohol concentration. In the present study, expirograms of alcohol, water and carbon dioxide were recorded in 30 healthy individuals at various breathing manoeuvres (tidal volume, slow maximum and vital capacity expiration, breath holding, and hyperventilation). Estimation of the end expiratory alcohol concentration with the use of simultaneously measured carbon dioxide was shown to reverse the tendency of underestimation at shallow expiration and hyperventilation. These findings indicate that breath alcohol estimations can be performed at shorter expiration time and reduced expired volume compared to existing alcolocks. This is believed to improve their usability and to prevent a possible route for manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Hök Instrument AB, Flottiljgatan 49, SE-721 31 Västerås, Sweden. annika@hokinstrument.se
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaisdotter Andersson
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hök
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hedenstierna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014797:Vital Capacity; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol