title: New evidence on the health hazards and control of metalworking fluids since completion of the OSHA advisory committee report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metalworking fluids (MWF) are used in the manufacture of engines, transmissions, chassis parts and other products. In 2003, OSHA denied a union petition to promulgate a standard for MWF. The 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a union lawsuit to compel OSHA to regulate MWF. OSHA relied exclusively on the 1999 Metal Working Fluids Standards Advisory Committee report, therefore, only evidence available before 1999 was quoted supporting the denial. This review was conducted to identify studies published since 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic reference sources were queried for the terms for metalworking fluids, machining fluids, cutting fluids, cutting oils, coolants, machining, and machinist. All items returned were reviewed for relevance to MWF regulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review noted 227 reports in the peer reviewed literature directly relevant to regulation of MWF exposures. Of these, 26 addressed cancer; 58 respiratory effects; 32 skin effects or absorption; 45 microbial contaminants; and 76 exposure measurements and controls. Three major studies identified excess cancer including lung, liver, pancreatic, laryngeal, and leukemia associated with MWF exposures. Reports strengthened associations of asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis with recent exposure to MWF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Material new evidence demonstrates significant risks to material impairment of health at prevailing exposure levels and feasibility of lower exposure limits.
authors.affiliation: Urban Public Health Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA. fmirer@hunter.cuny.edu
authors.forename: Franklin E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Mirer
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012306:Risk; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014489:United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
chemical_list: D008670:Metals