title: The requirement for a sufficient period of corticosteroid treatment in combination with nucleoside analogue for severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B is very poor if signs of liver failure appear. We have reported the efficacy of the early introduction of sufficient doses of corticosteroids (CSs) and nucleoside analogues (NAs), but the optimal period of immunosuppressive therapy has not been well demonstrated. In this study, we analyzed patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B treated with CSs and NAs, prospectively, in order to clarify the factors affecting their outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients, admitted to our liver unit between 2000 and 2009, were defined as having severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B based on our uniform criteria, and were enrolled in this study. NAs and sufficient doses of CS were introduced as soon as possible after making the diagnosis of severe disease prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 10 patients recovered. The absence of fulminant hepatitis on admission, the improvement of prothrombin time (PT) activity and the decline of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA during the first 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, were significant in the recovered patients, while the worsening of total bilirubin level during 4 weeks, especially between week 2 and week 4, was significant in those who died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, more than a few weeks of CS treatment in combination with an NA is required in the early stage, whereas a short period of conventional pulse therapy would be insufficient for treating this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. fujiwara-cib@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okitsu
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonemitsu
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009705:Nucleosides