title: Biologic impact on the coastal belt of the province of Venice (Italy, Northern Adriatic Sea): preliminary analysis for the characterization of the bathing water profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents a preliminary study of the water profile with reference to microbiological parameters, required by Directive 2006/07/EC (European Community 2006) concerning the management of bathing water quality, in the coastal belt of the Province of Venice (Italy, Northern Adriatic Sea). A historical database has been implemented with monitoring data for the period 2000-2006 (data on rivers, bathing and marine coastal waters and on the characterization of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharges) from the institutional activity of Veneto Regional Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency (ARPAV). An integrated areal analysis for the microbiological investigation of homogeneous stretches along the coast of the Province of Venice was performed for a preliminary characterization of the bathing water profile considering water quality status and existing pressure sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  ARPAV is the institutional body responsible for environmental monitoring and control activities. Data were produced from monitoring and controls made available by the Regional Environmental Informative System and extracted and elaborated for the period of interest (2000-2006). Sampling and analysis of microbiological parameters were executed following the official Italian methods in accordance with international procedures (APHA et al. 1998). For the purpose of this study, the coast was divided into eight stretches, which were considered to be homogeneous according to their physical and geographical characteristics. An ANOVA statistical assessment has been performed on stretches I, V and VIII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the integrated areal analysis of microbiological parameters in the homogeneous stretches along the coast of all the investigated matrices, high mean levels of faecal contamination were found in some cases. The most critical situation amongst the stretches evaluated is to be found in stretch VIII-Ca' Roman, Sottomarina and Isola Verde shores (Southern part of the Province). These results can be widely attributed to pressure sources from the Brenta and Adige rivers, rather than to local contributions. Stretches VI and VII, which correspond to the area from Punta Sabbioni (Cavallino shore N-E) to the Pellestrina shore (S-W), present the best conditions for faecal contamination parameters (low pollution levels). These situations can probably be explained given that WWTPs 7 and 8 have two submarine outfalls at a distance of about 4 km from the coastline and therefore a discharge point which is distant from the bathing and marine coastal monitoring stations; there are also no river mouths in these two stretches. Due to lack of data, it was not possible to implement seasonal assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study aimed to develop an integrated areal analysis for biological parameters along the coast over the period 2000-2006 for the identified homogeneous stretches in order to develop a preliminary approach for the characterization of the water profile, as requested by directive 2006/7/EC. From the integrated analysis of the stretches, it is evident that in some cases there are high levels of faecal contamination along the coast which can be caused by river flows which heavily condition the quality of coastal waters as verified with the statistical assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the preliminary analysis, the submarine outfalls seem to be the best solution to guarantee good bathing water quality on the coast. Nevertheless, it must be observed that this solution cannot overlook the possible impact of the discharges on seawaters intended for a specific use, such as mussel farms with reference to coastal hydrodynamics. Therefore, a sound wastewater dispersion analysis on the discharges of the WWTPs for the identification of the interested area and the level of contamination must be performed; a modelling study on pollution dispersion is complementary to this study (Scroccaro et al. 2009). This analysis highlights the critical stretches as being numbers II and, above all, VIII with particular correlation with the main river mouths. Thus, it is evident that the issue of microbiological impact must be studied following a river basin approach according to the influence of river loads on coastal areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Venice, ARPAV (Veneto Regional Prevention and Protection Agency), via Lissa 6, Mestre, 30171 Venice, Italy. mostoich@arpa.veneto.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostoich
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aimo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fassina
authors.forename: Jvan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vazzoler
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soccorso
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D001493:Bathing Beaches / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007558:Italy; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology; D012621:Seasons; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage