title: Role of the copper transporter, CTR1, in platinum-induced ototoxicity.
abstract: The goal of this study was to determine the role of an influx copper transporter, CTR1, in the ototoxicity induced by cisplatin, a potent anticancer platinum analog used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. As determined through reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, mouse CTR1 (Ctr1) was found to be abundantly expressed and highly localized at the primary sites of cisplatin toxicity in the inner ear, mainly outer hair cells (OHCs), inner hair cells, stria vascularis, spiral ganglia, and surrounding nerves in the mouse cochlea. A CTR1 substrate, copper sulfate, decreased the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in HEI-OC1, a cell line that expresses many molecular markers reminiscent of OHCs. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Ctr1 in this cell line caused a corresponding decrease in cisplatin uptake. In mice, intratympanic administration of copper sulfate 30 min before intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin was found to prevent hearing loss at click stimulus and 8, 16, and 32 kHz frequencies. To date, the utility of cisplatin remains severely limited because of its ototoxic effects. The studies described in this report suggest that cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and cochlear uptake can be modulated by administration of a CTR1 inhibitor, copper sulfate. The possibility of local administration of CTR1 inhibitors during cisplatin therapy as a means of otoprotection is thereby raised.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0449, USA.
authors.forename: Swati S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: More
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.forename: Alexandra G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ianculescu
authors.forename: Ethan G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lustig
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Giacomini
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002452:Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000079923:Copper Transporter 1; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000079923:Copper Transporter 1; D002945:Cisplatin