title: Pregnancy outcomes of diabetic women: charting Oman's progress towards the goals of the Saint Vincent Declaration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oman provides comprehensive care for the detection and management of diabetes during pregnancy with the goal of reducing or eliminating adverse outcomes for mothers and newborns. We assessed the outcome of pregnancies complicated with diabetes as compared to healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1-year retrospective review of registry records was conducted on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). Of the 5394 women registered, 225 had GDM and 56 had PGDM. Fourteen cases of GDM and 2 cases of PGDM were excluded. For each patient recruited, the next healthy control of the same age and parity was selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly 80% of diabetic women achieved good glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c <7%). Adjusted for hypertension and body mass index, the risk of macrosomia was three times higher among women with GDM (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.36-6.75) and up to seven times higher among those with PGDM (OR=7.20, 95% CI=2.30-22.61). A significantly higher risk of cesarean delivery was observed among women with GDM (OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.17-4.03) and PGDM (OR=4.39, 95% CI=1.68-11.49). Admission to the special care baby unit was higher among infants born to mothers with PGDM (OR=5.70, 95% CI=2.40-13.51) and GDM (OR=2.85, 95% CI=1.68-4.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that many of the unfavorable pregnancy outcomes of diabetes for women and infants have not been brought under control despite the comprehensive care provided. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the system of care provided to pregnant women and to identify gaps in achieving the goals of the St. Vincent Declaration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Headquartes, Sultanate of Oman, Al Khuwair, Muscat. mnbarkat@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Mohammed Nabil
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: Randa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Jawad A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Al-Lawati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009850:Oman / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin