title: A simple approach to the hydrodynamic injection in microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.
abstract: A simple hydrodynamic injection method is proposed here for microchip CE coupled to electrochemical detection. It is based on the use of a precise syringe pump to push the sample into the microfluidic circuit, accompanied by the application of a secondary electric field to the injection channel, soon after the end of the injection step. In such a way, any counter pressure effect taking place when the sample plug enters the micrometric channel is prevented. Suitable optimization of this secondary electric field enables pushing of sample excess to be avoided and a narrow sample plug during the separation step to be maintained. Best conditions for hydrodynamic injection were achieved injecting catechol as model analyte by pressure with a syringe pump set at a flow rate of 8 microL/min for 6 s and applying to the injection channel a secondary high voltage of 700 V soon after the injection was completed. The reliability of this injection procedure has been proved by comparing electropherograms found for samples containing either catechol alone or catechol and dopamine together with those recorded under the same conditions by electrokinetic injection. Repeatability, expressed as RSD and estimated for seven replicate injections, turned out to be 2.1% for peak height of catechol used as single analyte and 0.9 and 1.1% for catechol and dopamine respectively, simultaneously injected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dossi
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toniolo
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Susmel
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizzariello
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bontempelli
mesh_terms: D002396:Catechols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004298:Dopamine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004563:Electrochemistry; D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; C034221:catechol; D004298:Dopamine