title: [Protective effect of morphine hypoxic preconditioning on liver against acute hypoxic-reoxygenation injury in rabbits].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of morphine hypoxic preconditioning on hepatic hypoxic/reoxygenation injury in rabbits and the mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypoxic/reoxygenation injury was induced with inhalation of 8% O2 for 3 hours followed by air for 3 hours. Thirty male white New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group (N group), hypoxic/reoxgenation group (H/R group) and morphine hypoxic preconditioning group (MO + H/R group). Animals in the H/R and MO + H/R groups received 5 mL of saline or 3 mg/kg of morphine respectively before the induction of hypoxic injury. Hepatic apoptosis was determined quantitatively by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) methods. The activity of superoxide dismulase (SOD) in liver tissues was measured at the end of reoxgygenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large number of TUNEL positive cells [(9.50 +/- 1.00)%] were observed in hepatic tissues of rabbits in the H/R group. The administration of morphine exerted a significant anti-apoptotic effect, as evidenced by reduced TUNEL-positive staining [(2.20 +/- 0.40)%, P < 0.05 vs. H/R group]. Compared with the H/R group, treatment with morphine increased SOD activity significantly [(85.57 +/- 19.37) vs. (48.35 +/- 15.84), P < 0.05)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphine hypoxic preconditioning can protect rabbits against acute hepatic hypoxic/ reoxygenation injury by increasing SOD activity and reducing hepatic apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jin-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hua-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase