title: Facial paralysis rehabilitation: state of the art.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical management of facial paralysis continues to undergo evolution. Advances made in management reflect the challenging nature of facial paralysis and the drive to ever improve outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent advances have been made in neuronal transfers using the masseteric nerve, minimally invasive static procedures, and dynamic transfer of the temporalis tendon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continued evolution of techniques for the management of facial paralysis is reflected in the current literature. Broader application of neuronal transfers, minimally invasive static procedures, and orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer, among other techniques, indicates a vibrant field of surgeons who pursue ever better results for patients with facial paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Noah E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000637:transplantation; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000294:innervation; D013536:Suture Techniques