title: Sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the differences in depressive symptoms (DS) among a sample of patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure DS, and HF severity was assessed using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system. The sociodemographic and clinical variables examined include age, sex, education, marital status, fixed monthly income, habitation, living arrangement and HF severity. The differences between the presence and absence of the variables were evaluated using the Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 103 patients with a mean age of 65.4 years: 38 (36.9%) were men and 65 (63.1%) were women. Forty-three patients (41.7%) were in NYHA class III, and approximately one-half of the patient sample (49.5%) were married. Patients with NYHA class IV HF had significantly more DS than patients with NYHA class II or III. Age was correlated with scores of DS (P=0.002). There were significant differences in DS among the variables of marital status, habitation and living arrangement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is a common and treatable clinical finding in hospitalized patients, requiring an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for effective management. The implementation and monitoring of treatment are necessary to reduce the costs of treatment of HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cardiology;
authors.forename: Felipe Montes
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Silva Soares
authors.forename: Beatriz Tose Costa
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Maria Clara Teixeira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Piraciaba
authors.forename: Renata Magliano
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Marins
authors.forename: Amanda Ferreira
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.forename: Lara Barros Muniz
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: de Souza