title: Eudaimonic growth: Narrative growth goals predict increases in ego development and subjective well-being 3 years later.
abstract: We examine (a) the normative course of eudaimonic well-being in emerging adulthood and (b) whether people's narratives of major life goals might prospectively predict eudaimonic growth 3 years later. We define eudaimonic growth as longitudinal increases in eudaimonic well-being, which we define as the combination of psychosocial maturity and subjective well-being (SWB). College freshmen and seniors took measures of ego development (ED; to assess maturity; Loevinger, 1976) and SWB at Time 1 (T1) and again 3 years later (Time 2). ED levels increased longitudinally across that time for men and T1 freshmen, but SWB levels did not change. Participants also wrote narratives of 2 major life goals at T1 that were coded for an explicit emphasis on specific kinds of personal growth. Participants' intellectual-growth goals (especially agentic ones) predicted increases in ED 3 years later, whereas participants' socioemotional-growth goals (especially communal ones) predicted increases in SWB 3 years later. These findings were independent of the effects of Big Five personality traits-notably conscientiousness, which on its own predicted increases in SWB. We discuss (a) emerging adulthood as the last stop for normative eudaimonic growth in modern society and (b) empirical and theoretical issues surrounding the relations among narrative identity, life planning, dispositional traits, eudaimonia, and 2 paths of personal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA. jack.bauer@udayton.edu
authors.forename: Jack J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Dan P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McAdams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004532:Ego; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult