title: Changes of human menisci in osteoarthritic knee joints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the changes of knee menisci in osteoarthritis (OA) in human.
  
  
  METHODS
  OA and control menisci were obtained from 42 end-stage OA knees with medial involvement and 28 non-arthritic knees of age-matched donors, respectively. The change of menisci in OA was evaluated by histology, and gene expression of major matrix components and anabolic factors was analyzed in the anterior horn segments by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In those regions of menisci, the rate of collagen neo-synthesis was evaluated by [(3)H]proline incorporation, and the change of matrix was investigated by ultrastructural observation and biomechanical measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In OA menisci, the change in histology was rather moderate in the anterior horn segments. However, despite the modest change in histology, the expression of type I, II, III procollagens was dramatically increased in those regions. The expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was markedly enhanced in OA menisci, which was considered to be responsible, at least partly, for the increase in procollagen gene expression. Interestingly, in spite of marked increase in procollagen gene expression, incorporation of [(3)H]proline increased only modestly in OA menisci, and impaired collagen synthesis was suggested. This finding was consistent with the results of ultrastructural observation and biomechanical measurement, which indicated that the change of meniscal matrix was modest in the macroscopically preserved areas of OA menisci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the expression of major matrix components was markedly enhanced, matrix synthesis was enhanced only modestly, and the changes of matrix in human OA menisci were rather modest in the non-degenerated areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuragawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tohma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagishita
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitomi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011347:Procollagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011347:Procollagen; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003094:Collagen