title: Present state of target therapy for disseminated renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Both experimental and clinical researches focusing on advanced kidney cancer have increased continuously since the successful introduction of targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Being refractory to conventional hormone therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, renal cell carcinoma has become a model tumor for the development and evaluation of diverse novel targeted drugs. This review highlights currently available agents and summarizes evidence-based data regarding their effectiveness in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, the role of debulking tumor nephrectomy followed by systemic therapy as part of an optimum treatment algorithm is being elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology & Urologic Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waalkes
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Thomas Rw
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Andres J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuczyk
authors.forename: Axel S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Merseburger
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000068338:Everolimus; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000068338:Everolimus; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D020123:Sirolimus