title: Intracellular delivery of adenosine triphosphate enhanced healing process in full-thickness skin wounds in diabetic rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small unilamellar lipid vesicles were used to encapsulate adenosine triphosphate (ATP-vesicles) for intracellular energy delivery and were tested for diabetic skin wounds in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced by alloxan. The mean peak blood glucose concentration was 505 mg/dL. One ear was made ischemic and 80 full-thickness wounds were created in 10 animals. ATP-vesicles or saline was used and healing was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the non-ischemic ears, mean closure time for ATP-vesicles-treated wounds was 13.7 days versus 16.4 days for saline-treated wounds (P < .05). On the ischemic ears, mean closure time for ATP-vesicles-treated wounds was 15.3 days versus 19.3 days for saline-treated wounds (P < .01). Histological study indicated better healing and re-epithelialization in the ATP-vesicles-treated wounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracellular delivery of ATP accelerated the healing process of diabetic skin wounds on ischemic and non-ischemic rabbit ears. The mechanisms deserve further study but may be related to improved cellular energy supplies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. j0wang19@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Jianpu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Yiqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qunwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sufan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D042541:Intracellular Space; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate