title: Changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon availability in River Tyne sediment following bioremediation treatments or activated carbon amendment.
abstract: Bioremediation and activated carbon (AC) amendment were compared as remediation strategies for sediment from the River Tyne containing 16.4 +/- 7.3 microg/g polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and approximately 5% coal particles by total dry sediment weight. Unamended, nutrient amended (biostimulated) and nutrient and Pseudomonas putida amended (bioaugmented) sediment microcosms failed to show a significant decrease in total sediment PAH concentrations over a one month period. Polyethylene passive (PE) samplers were embedded for 21 days in these sediment microcosms in order to measure the available portion of PAHs and accumulated 4.70 +/- 0.25, 12.43 +/- 1.78, and 23.49 +/- 2.73 microg PAHs/g PE from the unamended, biostimulated, and bioaugmented microcosms, respectively. Higher PAH uptake by PE samplers in biostimulated and bioaugmented microcosms coincided with slower degradation of spiked phenanthrene in sediment-free filtrate from these microcosms compared to filtrate from the unamended microcosms. Microbial community analysis revealed changes in the bacterial community directly following the addition of nutrients, but the added P. putida community failed to establish itself. Addition of 2% by dry sediment weight activated carbon reduced PAH uptake by PE samplers to 0.28 +/- 0.01 microg PAHs/g PE, a greater than 90% reduction compared to the unamended microcosms.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meynet
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: D Martin
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal