title: Cytotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.
abstract: The wide use and wide-spectrum toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) insecticides make them an emerging ecotoxicological concern. Some previous studies showed that SPs possessed cytotoxicity in some immune cells such as human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. However, the cytotoxicity of SPs to macrophages, which are crucial to innate immunity, has not been explored. In the present report, we investigated a new pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), which may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage levels and cause cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The results for the first time implicated increased endogenous ROS and DNA damage as co-mediators of LCT-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages. Our results also suggested that macrophages were involved in synthetic pyrethroid-induced adverse immune effects. Considering the ubiquitous environmental presence of SPs, this study provided new information relative to the potential long-term physiological and immunological effects associated with chronic exposure to SPs. Hence, the potential immunotoxicity of SPs should be considered in assessing the safety of these compounds in sensitive environmental compartments.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Meirong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C037304:cyhalothrin