title: Comparison of Norwood shunt types: do the outcomes differ 6 years later?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A modification to the Norwood procedure involving a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) shunt may improve early postoperative outcomes. Concerns remain about the effect of the right ventriculotomy required with this shunt on long-term ventricular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2000 and April 2005, 76 patients underwent the Norwood procedure, 35 with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (mBTS) and 41 with a RV-PA shunt. Patients were monitored until death or September 1, 2009, with an average follow-up of 6.8 years. Cardiac catheterization, echocardiograms, perioperative Fontan courses, and need for cardiac transplantation were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative survival was 63% (22 of 35) in the mBTS group vs 78% (32 of 41) in the RV-PA group (p = 0.14). Pre-Fontan echocardiography revealed poorer ventricular function in RV-PA patients (p = 0.03). Cardiac transplantation was required in 6 of 32 (19%) patients with a prior RV-PA shunt vs 1 of 23 (4%) in the mBTS group (p = 0.06). This results in an almost identical cumulative transplant-free survival between groups; 60% (21 of 35) in the mBTS group and 63% (26 of 41) in the RV-PA group (p = 0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither shunt offers a clear survival advantage through an average follow-up of 6.8 years. The RV-PA shunt results in impaired late ventricular function that may result in an increased need for cardiac transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. grahamem@musc.edu
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Sinai C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zyblewski
authors.forename: Jacob W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Girish S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Shirali
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Geoffery A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Forbus
authors.forename: Varsha M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Bandisode
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Atz
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*