title: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis enolase is a surface protein that binds plasminogen and mediates interaction of yeast forms with host cells.
abstract: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a disseminated, systemic disorder that involves the lungs and other organs. The ability of the pathogen to interact with host components, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is essential to further colonization, invasion, and growth. Previously, enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) was characterized as a fibronectin binding protein in P. brasiliensis. Interaction of surface-bound enolase with plasminogen has been incriminated in tissue invasion for pathogenesis in several pathogens. In this paper, enolase was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein (recombinant P. brasiliensis enolase [rPbEno]). The P. brasiliensis native enolase (PbEno) was detected at the fungus surface and cytoplasm by immunofluorescence with an anti-rPbEno antibody. Immobilized purified rPbEno bound plasminogen in a specific, concentration-dependent fashion. Both native enolase and rPbEno activated conversion of plasminogen to plasmin through tissue plasminogen activator. The association between PbEno and plasminogen was lysine dependent. In competition experiments, purified rPbEno, in its soluble form, inhibited plasminogen binding to fixed P. brasiliensis, suggesting that this interaction required surface-localized PbEno. Plasminogen-coated P. brasiliensis yeast cells were capable of degrading purified fibronectin, providing in vitro evidence for the generation of active plasmin on the fungus surface. Exposure of epithelial cells and phagocytes to enolase was associated with an increased expression of surface sites of adhesion. In fact, the association of P. brasiliensis with epithelial cells and phagocytes was increased in the presence of rPbEno. The expression of PbEno was upregulated in yeast cells derived from mouse-infected tissues. These data indicate that surface-associated PbEno may contribute to the pathogenesis of P. brasiliensis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah Veloso
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Fernanda L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Marcio L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Vasanth
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mundodi
authors.forename: Erika A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abi-Chacra
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.forename: Célia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Almeida Soares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000502:physiology*; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000209:etiology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D010958:Plasminogen; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase