title: Comparison of different measures of urinary protein excretion for prediction of renal events.
abstract: There are many methods to screen for abnormal amounts of proteinuria to identify patients at risk for progression of renal disease, but which method best predicts renal risk is unknown. Here, we analyzed a subset of 701 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy participating in the Reduction of Endpoints in Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial to compare the ability of urinary protein excretion (UPE) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) from a 24-hour urine collection and urinary albumin concentration (UAC) and the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) from a first-morning void in predicting renal events. The primary outcome measure was the time to a doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease. During follow-up, 202 events occurred. The hazard ratios for the risk of a renal outcome (95% CIs) associated with 1-SD increment in the log-transformed measures were 3.16 (2.60 to 3.86) for UAE, 3.02 (2.53 to 3.62) for UPE, 3.23 (2.67 to 3.91) for UAC, and 4.36 (3.50 to 5.45) for ACR. The area under the ROC curve was significantly higher for ACR compared with the other measures. In conclusion, measurement of the albumin:creatinine ratio in a first-morning void is the superior method to predict renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. H.J.Lambers.Heerspink@med.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Hiddo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lambers Heerspink
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gansevoort
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Hans Henrik
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Parving
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahinfar
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine