title: The production of a new fungal alpha-amylase degraded the raw starch by means of solid-state fermentation.
abstract: In this study, it was intended to produce a new fungal amylase by solid-state fermentation and purification and also to determine some of its biochemical properties. It was found that Penicillium brevicompactum had the best enzyme activity according to screening methods with amylase degrading raw starch, and P. brevicompactum was selected as the amylase source. Wheat bran, rice husks, and sunflower oil meal were tested to determine the best solid substrate. Wheat bran was determined as the best of these. The fermentation conditions were optimized for the production of amylase. The optimum fermentation conditions were found to be an initial moisture level for the solid substrate of 55%, moistening agent of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), incubation period of 7 d, inoculum concentration of 2.5 mL, and incubation temperature at 30 degrees C. Penicillium brevicompactum alpha-amylase was purified 45.98 times by the starch affinity method. The K(m) and V(max) values of alpha-amylase for soluble starch were 5.71 mg/mL and 666.6 U/mL, respectively. This amylase showed maximum activity at between 30 and 50 degrees C and at pH 5.0. Initial enzyme activity was kept at 100% after incubation at 30 degrees C for 45 min. Enzyme was stable in the pH range of 4.0-5.0. This enzyme was activated by Mn(2+), Cu(2+), and Na(+) ions, and was inhibited by Mg(2+), K(+), Fe(3+), and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The molecular mass of P. brevicompactum alpha-amylase was found to be 32.5 kD by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. bilalbalkan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balkan
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ertan
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D005285:Fermentation; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013213:Starch; D000516:alpha-Amylases