title: Clinical relevance of KRAS in human cancers.
abstract: The KRAS gene (Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) is an oncogene that encodes a small GTPase transductor protein called KRAS. KRAS is involved in the regulation of cell division as a result of its ability to relay external signals to the cell nucleus. Activating mutations in the KRAS gene impair the ability of the KRAS protein to switch between active and inactive states, leading to cell transformation and increased resistance to chemotherapy and biological therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptors. This review highlights some of the features of the KRAS gene and the KRAS protein and summarizes current knowledge of the mechanism of KRAS gene regulation. It also underlines the importance of activating mutations in the KRAS gene in relation to carcinogenesis and their importance as diagnostic biomarkers, providing clues regarding human cancer patients' prognosis and indicating potential therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jancík
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drábek
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radzioch
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajdúch
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins
chemical_list: C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins