title: Avian bornavirus is present in many tissues of psittacine birds with histopathologic evidence of proventricular dilatation disease.
abstract: Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a neurologic disease of psittacine birds suspected to be caused by a recently identified Avian bornavirus (ABV). In the current report, data supporting the causal association of ABV with PDD are presented. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against ABV nucleocapsid protein was used to identify cell and organ distribution of viral antigen. The ABV antigen was most consistently detected in brain, spinal cord, adrenal gland, pancreas, and kidney. Histopathologic evaluation was correlated with ABV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical tests in multiple tissues from 16 psittacine birds with and without PDD. Using histopathologic diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of IHC for ABV antigens were found to be 100% and 100%, respectively. Many more tissues were positive for ABV RNA by reverse transcription PCR than were positive for pathologic changes or viral antigens by IHC, indicating the presence of subclinical or asymptomatic infection at many sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghav
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Josepha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delay
authors.forename: Davor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ojkic
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kistler
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Derisi
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganem
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D028981:Bornaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000821:virology; D006321:Heart / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011531:Proventriculus / Q000821:virology*; D011563:Psittaciformes; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013737:Testis / Q000821:virology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000821:virology; D017201:Virus Shedding