title: Antistaphylococcal nanocomposite films based on enzyme-nanotube conjugates.
abstract: Infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the primary causes of hospitalizations and deaths. To address this issue, we have designed antimicrobial coatings incorporating carbon nanotube-enzyme conjugates that are highly effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Specifically, we incorporated conjugates of carbon nanotubes with lysostaphin, a cell wall degrading enzyme, into films to impart bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We fabricated and characterized nanocomposites containing different conjugate formulations and enzyme loadings. These enzyme-based composites were highly efficient in killing MRSA (>99% within 2 h) without release of the enzyme into solution. Additionally, these films were reusable and stable under dry storage conditions for a month. Such enzyme-based film formulations may be used to prevent growth of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms on various common surfaces in hospital settings. Polymer and paint films containing such antimicrobial conjugates, in particular, could be advantageous to prevent risk of staphylococcal-specific infection and biofouling.
authors.affiliation: Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Ravindra C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pangule
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Cerasela Zoica
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Dinu
authors.forename: Shyam Sundhar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dordick
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008248:Lysostaphin / Q000737:chemistry; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004798:Enzymes; D058726:Nanoconjugates; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D008248:Lysostaphin