title: The accidental introduction of invasive animals as hitchhikers through inanimate pathways: a New Zealand perspective.
abstract: Hitchhiker organisms have been known since the earliest days of international travel, but changes in global trade mean that there are more now than ever before. They include a number of serious invasive species and are among the most difficult of quarantine problems to manage. Invasive animals transported as hitchhikers, other than plant pests, fall largely outside the international frameworks for biosecurity risk analysis. However, this is not necessarily a barrierto either risk analysis or effective management. While there are a number of challenges in managing hitchhiker organisms, the risk analysis tools that are needed already exist. However, opening up access to appropriate information, increasing international cooperation and developing new biosecurity treatments suitable for large-volume pathways will enable significant improvements.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biosecurity New Zealand, Pastoral House, 25 The Terrace, P.O. Box 2526, Wellington 6011, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Newfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D003132:Commerce; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D007391:International Cooperation; D009520:New Zealand; D011790:Quarantine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management; D014195:Travel