title: Targeted genome modification in mice using zinc-finger nucleases.
abstract: Homologous recombination-based gene targeting using Mus musculus embryonic stem cells has greatly impacted biomedical research. This study presents a powerful new technology for more efficient and less time-consuming gene targeting in mice using embryonic injection of zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), which generate site-specific double strand breaks, leading to insertions or deletions via DNA repair by the nonhomologous end joining pathway. Three individual genes, multidrug resistant 1a (Mdr1a), jagged 1 (Jag1), and notch homolog 3 (Notch3), were targeted in FVB/N and C57BL/6 mice. Injection of ZFNs resulted in a range of specific gene deletions, from several nucleotides to >1000 bp in length, among 20-75% of live births. Modified alleles were efficiently transmitted through the germline, and animals homozygous for targeted modifications were obtained in as little as 4 months. In addition, the technology can be adapted to any genetic background, eliminating the need for generations of backcrossing to achieve congenic animals. We also validated the functional disruption of Mdr1a and demonstrated that the ZFN-mediated modifications lead to true knockouts. We conclude that ZFN technology is an efficient and convenient alternative to conventional gene targeting and will greatly facilitate the rapid creation of mouse models and functional genomics research.
authors.affiliation: Sigma Advanced Genetic Engineering Labs, Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO 63146, USA.
authors.forename: Iara D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Carbery
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000072100:Jagged-1 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D000072099:Serrate-Jagged Proteins; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000606274:Jag1 protein, mouse; D000072100:Jagged-1 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C499373:Notch3 protein, mouse; D000071656:Receptor, Notch3; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000072099:Serrate-Jagged Proteins; C095122:multidrug resistance protein 3; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific