title: Flexibility of Thiel's embalmed cadavers: the explanation is probably in the muscles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The flexibility of cadavers conserved using Thiel's embalming method remains unexplained. We aimed to perform microscopic comparison of muscle and tendon fibres from fresh cadavers (FC), formaldehyde-preserved cadavers (FPC) and cadavers conserved by Thiel's method (TC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle and tendon biopsies performed on FC, FPC and TC were conditioned and stained by Masson's trichrome, Sirius red and Ramon y Cajal, then studied under optical microscope. Alignment and integrity of the muscle and tendon fibres were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a modification of the muscle fibres in all specimens from TC, regardless of the type of staining used. The muscle fibres taken from FC and FPC were relatively well conserved, both in terms of alignment and integrity. We did not observe any modification of collagen in either muscle or tendon fibres.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The considerable fragmentation of the muscle proteins, probably caused by certain corrosive chemicals, (e.g. boric acid) present in Thiel's embalming solution, could explain the suppleness of the TC. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of alterations in tendon or muscle collagen, since the experimental methods we used, did not allow for the study of collagen ultrastructure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomy/INSERM U887, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France. m.benkhadra@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benkhadra
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouchot
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Genelot
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trouilloud
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danino
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anderhuber
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feigl
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D002102:Cadaver; D004615:Embalming / Q000379:methods*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013710:Tendons / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde