title: Unusually short tandem repeats appear to reach chromosome ends of Rhynchosciara americana (Diptera: Sciaridae).
abstract: The characterisation of sequences at chromosome ends of Rhynchosciara americana was continued with the screening of a genomic library using as a probe a short repeat identified in a previous report (M-22, 22 bp) which was found to be specific for noncentromeric termini of this species. Simple repeats, complex tandem and apparently dispersed repeats were present in the genomic clones analysed. Repetitive sequences do not define individual chromosome tips as they were found in all noncentromeric ends. A novel and unusually short tandem repeat type for dipteran chromosome ends (named M-16) composed of 16 nucleotides and frequently associated with M-22 arrays was characterised in this work. Islands of M-16 and M-22 tandem repeats were found in all the genomic clones analysed. Individual probes representative of each repetitive element hybridised not only to all noncentromeric ends of R. americana chromosomes but also to inter-telomeric bridges. This contrasted with the other repeat types which displayed sub-telomeric localisation as seen by double detection of hybridised probe and telomeric reverse transcriptase. Some stretches composed of M-16 and M-22 tandem repeats localised in different regions of the analysed genomic clones were either identical or showed sequence similarity that was unexpectedly higher than the mean sequence similarity observed among repeats within each of their tandem arrays. The occurrence of segmental duplications, as deduced by sequence analyses involving the two repeats that appeared to reach chromosome ends, might indicate the involvement of this type of duplication process in the chromosome end maintenance in this species.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane Rodriguez Gutierrez
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Madalena
authors.forename: José Mariano
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Amabis
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D056916:Segmental Duplications, Genomic