title: Humic substances induce lateral root formation and expression of the early auxin-responsive IAA19 gene and DR5 synthetic element in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Humic substances (HS) have positive effects on plant physiology, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these events are only partially understood. HS exert auxin-like activity, but data supporting this hypothesis are under debate. To investigate the auxin-like activity of HS, we studied their biological effect on lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. To this aim we characterised HS by means of DRIFT and (13)C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and measured their endogenous content of IAA. We then utilised a combination of genetic and molecular approaches to unravel HS auxin activity in the initiation of lateral roots. The data obtained using specific inhibitors of auxin transport or action showed that HS induce lateral root formation mostly through their 'auxin activity'. These findings were further supported by the fact that HS used in this study activated the auxin synthetic reporter DR5::GUS and enhanced transcription of the early auxin responsive gene IAA19.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Padua, Agripolis, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pizzeghello
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruperti
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Francioso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palme
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quaggiotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nardi
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006812:Humic Substances; C483308:IAA19 protein, Arabidopsis; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D018749:RNA, Plant