title: [Research development of diagnosis and treatment of pain after total knee arthroplasty].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the causes of pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to review its diagnosis and treatment methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Domestic and abroad literature concerning pain after TKA was extensively reviewed and thoroughly analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain after TKA was divided into intra-articular and extra-articular factors, systematic assessment, appropriate imaging, and laboratory tests were useful to confirm the diagnosis; targeted surgery could effectively relieve the pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The causes of pain after TKA are complex and diverse, the first step is to exclude intraarticular infection, for patients having a clear cause the appropriate surgery is effective. Otherwise revision should be carried out cautiously under condition of unexplained pain and conservative treatment can relieve pain to some degree.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin People's Hospital, P.R. China. sunzhenhui123@gmail.com
authors.forename: Zhenhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*