title: Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune.
abstract: Much remains to be learned about the biology of mushroom-forming fungi, which are an important source of food, secondary metabolites and industrial enzymes. The wood-degrading fungus Schizophyllum commune is both a genetically tractable model for studying mushroom development and a likely source of enzymes capable of efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Comparative analyses of its 38.5-megabase genome, which encodes 13,210 predicted genes, reveal the species's unique wood-degrading machinery. One-third of the 471 genes predicted to encode transcription factors are differentially expressed during sexual development of S. commune. Whereas inactivation of one of these, fst4, prevented mushroom formation, inactivation of another, fst3, resulted in more, albeit smaller, mushrooms than in the wild-type fungus. Antisense transcripts may also have a role in the formation of fruiting bodies. Better insight into the mechanisms underlying mushroom formation should affect commercial production of mushrooms and their industrial use for producing enzymes and pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ohm
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lugones
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kothe
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stajich
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Record
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levasseur
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Kirk A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Allen C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gathman
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henrissat
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knabe
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kües
authors.forename: Walt W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Jon K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piumi
authors.forename: Marjatta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raudaskoski
authors.forename: Asaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salamov
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmutz
authors.forename: Francis W M R
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: vanKuyk
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Grigoriev
authors.forename: Han A B
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Wösten
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012567:Schizophyllum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014934:Wood / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors