title: Comparative effectiveness of low- and high-fidelity bronchoscopy simulation for training in conventional transbronchial needle aspiration and user preferences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) can be learned using high-fidelity virtual-reality platforms and low-fidelity models comprised of molded silicone or excised animal airways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine perceptions and preferences of learners and instructors regarding the comparative effectiveness of low-fidelity and high-fidelity bronchoscopy simulation for training in TBNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the 2008 annual CHEST conference, a prospective randomized crossover design was used to train study participants in three methods of conventional TBNA using low- and high-fidelity models. Likert style questions were administered to learners and instructors in order to elicit preferences and opinions regarding educational effectiveness of the models. Results were tabulated and depicted in graphic format, with medians calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Learners felt that the models were equally enjoyable (13-13) and enthusiasm generating (low 17-high 15). There was preference for low-fidelity in terms of realism (23-17), ease of learning (20-6), and learning all three TBNA methods (31-7 for hub-against-wall, 31-6 for jabbing, 29-6 for piggyback). Low-fidelity was preferred as an ideal model overall (19-11). Instructors thought that low-fidelity was more useful in teaching TBNA (9-0 for all three methods). Instructors perceived the low-fidelity model overall as an ideal tool for learning TBNA (8-0) and a more effective teaching instrument (8-0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on learner and instructor perceptions, a low-fidelity model is superior to a high-fidelity platform for training in three methods of conventional TBNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davoudi
authors.forename: Momen M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wahidi
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamanian Rohani
authors.forename: Henri G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Colt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000193:education*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D011897:Random Allocation