title: A cost-utility and budget impact analysis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe thalassemic patients in Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment available to severe thalassemic patients. The treatment, however, is very costly, particularly in the context of low and middle income countries, and no studies have been carried out to explore its economic justifiability. This study aimed to estimate the cost-utility of HSCT compared with blood transfusions combined with iron chelating therapy (BT-ICT) for severe thalassemia in Thailand, and to investigate the affordability of HSCT using a budget impact analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model was used to estimate the relevant costs and health outcomes over the patients' lifetimes taking a societal perspective as recommended by Thailand's health technology assessment guidelines. All future costs and outcomes were discounted at a rate of 3% per annum. Primary outcomes of interest were lifetime costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in Thai baht (THB) per QALY gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to BT-ICT, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio increased with patient age from 80,700 to 183,000 THB per QALY gained for related HSCT and 209,000 to 953,000 THB per QALY gained for unrelated HSCT among patients aged 1 to 15 years (US$1= 34 THB). The governmental budget impact analysis showed that providing 200 related HSCT to patients aged 1 to 10 years, in accordance with the current infrastructure limitations, would initially require approximately 90 million additional THB per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At a societal willingness to pay of 100,000 THB per QALY gained, related HSCT was likely to be a cost-effective and affordable treatment for young children with severe thalassemia in Thailand.
authors.affiliation: Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. pyuck@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Pattara
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leelahavarong
authors.forename: Usa
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chaikledkaew
authors.forename: Suradej
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hongeng
authors.forename: Vijj
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kasemsup
authors.forename: Yoel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lubell
authors.forename: Yot
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teerawattananon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002017:Budgets; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008390:Markov Chains; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013785:Thailand; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult