title: Bilateral sinus elevation evaluating plasma rich in growth factors technology: a report of five cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) technology and its autologous formulations in five consecutive patients in which bilateral sinus lift augmentation was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five consecutive patients received bilateral sinus floor augmentation. All patients presented a residual bone height of class D (1-3 mm). The effects of PRGF combined with bovine anorganic bone (one side) were compared with the biomaterial alone (contralateral side). The effects of using liquid PRGF to maintain the bone window and autologous fibrin membrane to seal the defect were evaluated. A complete histological and histomorphometrical analysis was performed 5 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient was excluded from the study as the Schneiderian membrane of the control side was perforated during the surgery. In two patients, the biopsies obtained from the control sides 5 months postsurgery were not acceptable for processing. PRGF technology facilitated the surgical approach of sinus floor elevation. The control area was more inflamed than the area treated with PRGF technology. Patients referred also to an increased sensation of pain in the control area. PRGF-treated samples had more new vital bone than controls. In patient number 1, image processing revealed 21.4% new vital bone in the PRGF area versus 8.4% in the control area, whereas in patient number 2, 28.4% new vital bone was quantified in the PRGF area compared with the 8.2% of the control side. The immunohistochemical processing of the biopsies revealed that the number of blood vessels per square millimeter of connective tissue was 116 vessels in the PRGF sample versus 7 in the control biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results suggest that from a practical point of view, PRGF may present a role in reducing tissue inflammation after surgery, increasing new bone formation and promoting the vascularization of bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Institute, Instituto Eduardo Anitua, c/ Jose Maria Cajigal 19, 01007 Vitoria, Spain. eduardoanitua@eduardoanitua.com
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anitua
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orive
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006133:Growth Substances; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D005337:Fibrin