Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new actors in neuroendocrine regulations.
Chemokines are small secreted proteins that chemoattract and activate immune and non-immune cells. Their role in the immune system is well-known, and it has recently been suggested that they may also play a role in the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, they do not only act as immunoinflammatory mediators in the brain but they also act as potential modulators in neurotransmission. Although we are only beginning to be aware of the implication of chemokines in neuroendocrine functions, this review aims at summarizing what is known in that booming field of research. First we describe the expression of chemokines and their receptors in the CNS with a focus on the hypothalamo-pituitary system. Secondly, we present what is known on some chemokines in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions such as cell migration, stress, thermoregulation, drinking and feeding as well as anterior pituitary functions. We suggest that chemokines provide a fine modulatory tuning system of neuroendocrine regulations.
Rostène
William
W
INSERM-UPMC, UMRS 732, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 17 rue Moreau, Paris Cedex 12, France. William.rostene@inserm.fr
Guyon
Alice
A
Kular
Lara
L
Godefroy
David
D
Barbieri
Federica
F
Bajetto
Adriana
A
Banisadr
Ghazal
G
Callewaere
Céline
C
Conductier
Gregory
G
Rovère
Carole
C
Mélik-Parsadaniantz
Stéphane
S
Florio
Tullio
T
D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine