title: Tissue Doppler imaging as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular events in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, the prognosis of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) with AF is still uncertain. This study was designed to evaluate whether the occurrence of CV events in patients with HFPEF and AF could be predicted by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annular velocity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and echocardiographic data from January 2004 to December 2005 in patients with HFPEF and AF were investigated in this retrospective study. The development of CV events was defined as the composite of CV death, recurrent HF, and ischemic stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 148 patients (mean age 68+/-10 years; 64% were men), 35 clinical events, including 2 cardiac deaths, 22 recurrent HFs, and 11 ischemic strokes, were identified during a median follow-up of 27 months. In univariate analyses, age, ejection fraction, left atrial dimension, systolic (s'), and early diastolic (e') mitral annular velocities were correlated with clinical events. Multivariate analyses revealed that old age, enlarged left atrial dimension, and lower s' and e' remained independent predictors of outcomes. Furthermore, patients with both s'<5 cm/s and e'<7 cm/s experienced more frequent clinical events (hazard ratio 12.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-92.5; P=.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  s' and e', particularly their combination, seem to be useful predictors of CV events in patients with HFPEF with AF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hyungseop
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jihyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Hyuck-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hyoung-Seob
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yun-Kyeong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Chun-Duk
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chang-Wook
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Yoon-Nyun
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwon-Bae
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*