title: The use of genomic signature distance between bacteriophages and their hosts displays evolutionary relationships and phage growth cycle determination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteriophage classification is mainly based on morphological traits and genome characteristics combined with host information and in some cases on phage growth lifestyle. A lack of molecular tools can impede more precise studies on phylogenetic relationships or even a taxonomic classification. The use of methods to analyze genome sequences without the requirement for homology has allowed advances in classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we proposed to use genome sequence signature to characterize bacteriophages and to compare them to their host genome signature in order to obtain host-phage relationships and information on their lifestyle. We analyze the host-phage relationships in the four most representative groups of Caudoviridae, the dsDNA group of phages. We demonstrate that the use of phage genomic signature and its comparison with that of the host allows a grouping of phages and is also able to predict the host-phage relationships (lytic vs. temperate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can thus condense, in relatively simple figures, this phage information dispersed over many publications.
authors.affiliation: Molécules Thérapeutiques in Silico MTI, INSERM UMR-M 973, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Bât Lamarck, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France. patrick.deschavanne@univ-paris-diderot.fr
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deschavanne
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: DuBow
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regeard
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D023281:Genomics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity