title: KID--an algorithm for fast and efficient text mining used to automatically generate a database containing kinetic information of enzymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The amount of available biological information is rapidly increasing and the focus of biological research has moved from single components to networks and even larger projects aiming at the analysis, modelling and simulation of biological networks as well as large scale comparison of cellular properties. It is therefore essential that biological knowledge is easily accessible. However, most information is contained in the written literature in an unstructured way, so that methods for the systematic extraction of knowledge directly from the primary literature have to be deployed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we present a text mining algorithm for the extraction of kinetic information such as K(M), K(i), k(cat) etc. as well as associated information such as enzyme names, EC numbers, ligands, organisms, localisations, pH and temperatures. Using this rule- and dictionary-based approach, it was possible to extract 514,394 kinetic parameters of 13 categories (K(M), K(i), k(cat), k(cat)/K(M), V(max), IC(50), S(0.5), K(d), K(a), t(1/2), pI, n(H), specific activity, V(max)/K(M)) from about 17 million PubMed abstracts and combine them with other data in the abstract. A manual verification of approx. 1,000 randomly chosen results yielded a recall between 51% and 84% and a precision ranging from 55% to 96%, depending of the category searched.The results were stored in a database and are available as "KID the KInetic Database" via the internet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented algorithm delivers a considerable amount of information and therefore may aid to accelerate the research and the automated analysis required for today's systems biology approaches. The database obtained by analysing PubMed abstracts may be a valuable help in the field of chemical and biological kinetics. It is completely based upon text mining and therefore complements manually curated databases. The database is available at http://kid.tu-bs.de. The source code of the algorithm is provided under the GNU General Public Licence and available on request from the author.
authors.affiliation: Dpt. of Bioinformatics & Biochemistry, University of Braunschweig, Institute of Technology, Langer Kamp 19B, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinen
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thielen
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schomburg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D057225:Data Mining; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004014:Dictionaries as Topic; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry*; D020407:Internet; D007700:Kinetics
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes