title: Intracranial pressure-monitoring systems in children with traumatic brain injury: combining therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the correlation of intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement and time to detection of ICP crises (defined as ICP ≥ 20 mm Hg for ≥ 5 mins) between an intraparenchymal (IP) monitor and external ventricular drain (EVD) in children for whom continuous cerebrospinal fluid diversion was used as a therapy for severe traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic, pediatric intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a prospectively collected pediatric neurotrauma database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score of ≤ 8) who underwent ICP monitoring with both IP and EVD techniques were studied. In cohort 1 (n = 58), hourly ICP measurements were extracted from the medical record; in cohort 2 (n = 4), ICP measurements were collected every minute by an automated data-collection system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean absolute difference in ICP (|N5ICP|N5) and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. Timing to detection of ICP crises was analyzed. Data were expressed as mean ± sem. For cohort 1, 7,387 hrs of data were analyzed; 399 hrs (23,940 mins) were analyzed for cohort 2. In cohort 1, the |N5ICP|N5 was 3.10 ± 0.04 mm Hg (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.98, p < .001). The |N5ICP|N5 in cohort 2 was 3.30 ± 0.05 mm Hg (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.98, p < .001). In cohort 2, a total of 75 ICP crises were observed. Fifty-five (73%) were detected first by the IP monitor, of which 35 were not identified by the EVD monitor. Time between IP and EVD detection of a crisis was 12.60 ± 2.34 mins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EVD and IP measurements of ICP were highly correlated, although intermittent EVD ICP measurements may fail to identify ICP events when continuously draining cerebrospinal fluid. In institutions that use continuous cerebrospinal fluid diversion as a therapy, a two-monitor system may be valuable for accomplishing monitoring and therapeutic goals.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. exojl@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Exo
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kochanek
authors.forename: P David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Adelson
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Robert S B
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayir
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices