title: Tissue factor is induced by resistin in human coronary artery endothelial cells by the NF-ĸB-dependent pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial inflammation and dysfunction. Adipose tissue has increasingly been recognized as an active endocrine organ secreting so-called adipokines. Among these, resistin--recently described, but not yet extensively studied--has been defined as a novel inflammatory marker in atherosclerosis. The pathophysiology underlying this interplay, however, remains to be fully characterized. The aim of the study is to determine whether resistin might affect prothrombotic characteristics of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of HCAECs with resistin caused upregulation of tissue factor (TF) expression as demonstrated by FACS analysis. Moreover, TF activity was induced in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by real-time PCR and colorimetric assay. Resistin-induced TF expression was mediated by oxygen free radicals through the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and by suppression of TF expression by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the NF-κB inhibitors PDTC and BAY 11-7082.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm the hypothesis that resistin may contribute to atherothrombosis, exerting direct effects on HCAECs by promoting TF expression; thus, it represents an effector molecule able to induce a prothrombotic phenotype in cells present in the vessel wall.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. paolo.calabro @ unina2.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calabrò
authors.forename: Plinio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Limongelli
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maddaloni
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riegler
authors.forename: Rosalinda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pacileo
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacileo
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Palma
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golino
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calabrò
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; C499624:RETN protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D052243:Resistin; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D013925:Thromboplastin