title: Noninvasive assessment of tear stability with the tear stability analysis system in tear dysfunction patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate tear film stability in patients with tear dysfunction and an asymptomatic control group by using the novel, noninvasive Tear Stability Analysis System (TSAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective case-control study, 45 patients with dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS) were stratified into three groups (1, 2, and 3/4) based on clinical severity, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms; 25 asymptomatic control subjects were evaluated. TSAS measurements were performed with the RT-7000 Auto Refractor-Keratometer (Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan). Images of ring mires projected onto the cornea every second for 6 seconds were captured and analyzed. Focal changes in brightness were calculated as numerical ring breakup (RBU) values, and the elapsed time when the cumulative values (RBU sum) exceeded a threshold was defined as the ring breakup time (RBUT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  RBUTs in the DTS groups were all significantly lower than those in the control subjects, with the lowest values found in DTS 3/4. RBUT was significantly shorter in DTS 3/4 than in DTS 1 (P<0.001). The change in RBU sum over a 6-second period in the DTS groups combined or between the individual groups was statistically significant (P<0.001), as was the difference between the 1- and 6-second values. For distinguishing between asymptomatic controls and DTS, the sensitivity and specificity of a 5.0-second RBUT cutoff were 82.0% and 60.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TSAS may be a useful, noninvasive instrument for evaluating tear stability and for classifying DTS severity.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.forename: Charlene Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeu
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Weikert
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirayama
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pflugfelder
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008086:Lissamine Green Dyes; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013666:Tears / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008086:Lissamine Green Dyes