title: Shared decision-making in pediatrics: a national perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify patterns of shared decision-making (SDM) among a nationally representative sample of US children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or asthma and determine if demographics, health status, or access to care are associated with SDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study of the 2002-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, which represents 2 million children with ADHD and 4 million children with asthma. The outcome, high SDM, was defined by using latent class models based on 7 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey items addressing aspects of SDM. We entered factors potentially associated with SDM into logistic regression models with high SDM as the outcome. Marginal standardization then described the standardized proportion of children's households with high SDM for each factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both ADHD and asthma, 65% of children's households had high SDM. Those who reported poor general health for their children were 13% less likely to have high SDM for ADHD (64 vs 77%) and 8% less likely for asthma (62 vs 70%) when adjusting for other factors. Results for behavioral impairment were similar. Respondent demographic characteristics were not associated with SDM. Those with difficulty contacting their clinician by telephone were 26% (ADHD: 55 vs 81%) and 29% (asthma: 48 vs 77%) less likely to have high SDM than those without difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that households of children who report greater impairment or difficulty contacting their clinician by telephone are less likely to fully participate in SDM. Future research should examine how strategies to foster ongoing communication between families and clinicians affect SDM.
authors.affiliation: ediatric Research Consortium, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. fiks@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fiks
authors.forename: A Russell
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Localio
authors.forename: Evaline A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Alessandrini
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Asch
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guevara
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D015897:Comorbidity; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology