title: Is it possible to improve residents breaking bad news skills? A randomised study assessing the efficacy of a communication skills training program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to assess the efficacy of a 40-h training programme designed to teach residents the communication skills needed to break the bad news.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents were randomly assigned to the training programme or to a waiting list. A simulated patient breaking bad news (BBN) consultation was audiotaped at baseline and after training in the training group and 8 months after baseline in the waiting-list group. Transcripts were analysed by tagging the used communication skills with a content analysis software (LaComm) and by tagging the phases of bad news delivery: pre-delivery, delivery and post-delivery. Training effects were tested with generalised estimating equation (GEE) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trained residents (n=50) used effective communication skills more often than the untrained residents (n=48): more open questions (relative rate (RR)=5.79; P<0.001), open directive questions (RR=1.71; P=0.003) and empathy (RR=4.50; P=0.017) and less information transmission (RR=0.72; P=0.001). The pre-delivery phase was longer for the trained (1 min 53 s at baseline and 3 min 55 s after training) compared with the untrained residents (2 min 7 s at baseline and 1 min 46 s at second assessment time; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the efficacy of training programme designed to improve residents' BBN skills. The way residents break bad news may thus be improved.
authors.affiliation: Clinique de Psycho-Oncologie et des Soins Supportifs, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liénard
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merckaert
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Libert
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bragard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delvaux
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynaert
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Slachmuylder
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Razavi
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D004493:Education; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D014342:Truth Disclosure