title: Effects of various fragrant ingredients on desmopressin-induced fluid retention in mice.
abstract: Although fragrances are often used in aromatherapy for the treatment of edema, few studies on their diuretic and/or antiedematous activities have been performed. In this study, the effects of four types of fragrant ingredients (d-limonene, piperitone, alpha-pinene, and cinnamaldehyde) were examined in a mouse model of fluid retention. The mice were loaded with water after treatment with desmopressin (an antidiuretic hormone). In addition, zingerone, a pungent component of ginger which is considered to be effective in the treatment of edema, was examined. Moreover, their effects were compared with those of furosemide, a representative diuretic. Among the five types of fragrant ingredients examined, all except for cinnamaldehyde increased the urine volume in the fluid retention mouse model when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg. In particular, d-limonene and zingerone significantly increased the urine volume. Thus the effects of these two ingredients were further examined at lower doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg. d-Limonene significantly increased the urine volume in a dose-dependent manner. Zingerone resulted in a significant increase in the urine volume only at a dose of 30 mg/kg. In normal mice, d-limonene did not affect the urine volume at the same doses. In contrast, zingerone significantly increased the urine volume in normal mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Furosemide significantly increased the urine volume in both the fluid-retentive and normal mice. These results indicate that both d-limonene and zingerone exhibit diuretic actions; however, the former fragrance only exerted an action in the fluid-retentive state. This different action suggests that d-limonene might be promising for the treatment of edema.
authors.affiliation: Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd, Kanebo-machi, Takaoka, Toyama, Japan. morimoto@phm.kracie.co.jp
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Yujiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019341:Aromatherapy; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004232:Diuretics; D013729:Terpenes; C013738:zingerone; D006139:Guaiacol; D005665:Furosemide; D000077222:Limonene; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin