title: Immunotherapy with myeloid cells for tolerance induction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding the interplay between myeloid dendritic cells and T cells under tolerogenic conditions, and whether their interactions induce the development of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critical to uncover the mechanisms involved in the induction of indefinite allograft survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myeloid dendritic cell-T-cell interactions are seminal events that determine the outcome of the immune response, and multiple in-vitro protocols suggest the generation of tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells that modulate T-cell responses, and determine the outcome of the immune response to an allograft following adoptive transfer. We believe that identifying specific conditions that lead to the generation of tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells and Tregs are critical for the manipulation of the immune response towards the development of transplantation tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We summarize recent findings regarding specific culture conditions that generate tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells that induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness and Treg development, which represents a novel immunotherapeutic approach to promote the induction of indefinite graft survival prolongation. The interpretations presented here illustrate that different mechanisms govern the generation of tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells, and we discuss the concomitant therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-García
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boros
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.forename: Jordi C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ochando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance