title: Alimentary tract absorption (f1 values) for radionuclides in local and regional fallout from nuclear tests.
abstract: This paper presents gastrointestinal absorption fractions (f1 values) for estimating internal doses from local and regional fallout radionuclides due to nuclear tests. The choice of f1 values are based on specific circumstances of weapons test conditions and a review of reported f1 values for elements in different physical and chemical states. Special attention is given to fallout from nuclear tests conducted at the Marshall Islands. We make a distinction between the f1 values for intakes of radioactive materials immediately after deposition (acute intakes) and intakes that occur in the course of months and years after deposition, following incorporation into terrestrial and aquatic foodstuffs (chronic intakes). Multiple f1 values for different circumstances where persons are exposed to radioactive fallout (e.g., local vs. regional fallout and coral vs. continental tests) are presented when supportive information is available. In some cases, our selected f1 values are similar to those adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (e.g., iodine and most actinides). However, f1 values for cesium and strontium derived from urine bioassay data of the Marshallese population are notably lower than the generic f1 values recommended by ICRP, particularly for acute intakes from local fallout (0.4 and 0.05 for Cs and Sr, respectively). The f1 values presented here form the first complete set of values relevant to realistic dose assessments for exposure to local or regional radioactive fallout.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Shawki A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouville
authors.forename: Dunstana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Harold L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008849:Micronesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D054043:Nuclear Weapons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013324:Strontium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D011868:Radioisotopes; D013324:Strontium