title: Patients' experiences of physical limitations in daily life activities when suffering from chronic heart failure; a phenomenographic analysis.
abstract: The aim of the study was to describe how patients suffering from chronic heart failure conceived their physical limitations in daily life activities. An explorative and qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach was chosen, a total of 15 patients were interviewed. The findings indicate that participants perceived a variety of structural aspects pertaining to physical limitations in activities of daily life which resulted in four referential aspects. Need of finding practical solutions in daily life focused on how life had to be changed and other ways of performing activities of daily life had to be invented. Having realistic expectations about the future was characterised by belief that the future itself would be marked by change in physical functioning, but an incentive to maintain functions and activities ensured good quality of or even increased capacity in daily life. Not believing in one's own ability included the perception of having no opportunity to improve ability to perform activities of daily life. There were perceptions of undesired passivity, undefined fear of straining themselves or performing activities that could endanger their health in addition to uncertainty about the future. In Losing one's social role in daily life, participants described losing their social network and their position in society and family because of limited physical capacity. A lack of important issues, mental and physical, occurred when physical capacity was lost. In conclusion, patients suffering from chronic heart failure found new solutions to manage activities in daily life, including willingness to change focus and identify other ways of doing important things. Patients had an incentive to maintain functions and activities to ensure a good quality of and strengthen their physical capacity in daily life. Inability to trust in their physical capacity in combination with experienced limitations in daily life prevented patients from attempting to increase activities.
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Health Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden. emma.pihl@lthalland.se
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pihl
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fridlund
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mårtensson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013548:Sweden