title: Measuring the quality of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer using newly developed quality indicators: a feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of the quality of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has not been reported beyond the false-negative rate and sentinel lymph node identification rate. This study's purpose is to determine the feasibility of measuring 11 quality indicators (QIs) that were recently developed using a modified Delphi process.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent SLNB for breast cancer at a tertiary health-care center from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2007 were identified using a SLNB registry. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively and the QIs were abstracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the 11 QIs were measurable: 7 required chart-level abstraction, 2 were confirmed at an institutional level, and 2 were immeasurable due to registry limitations. Of the 497 identified patients, 13 patients had failed SLNB, resulting in 484 SLNBs. The axillary positivity rate was 19%. The method of SLN identification was reported in 97% of cases, and in 388 (80%) more than one SLN was removed. All SLNs were serially sectioned according to protocol, though only 102 (21%) of pathology reports explicitly stated the cancer stage. Nearly all SLNBs were performed alongside the primary breast surgery. Among SLN-positive patients: 78 (87%) underwent axillary lymph node dissection, 10 patients refused, and chart data were missing in 2 others. No "ineligible" patients had SLNB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of newly developed QIs for SLNB is feasible for abstraction from inpatient charts at a single institution. These QIs can provide baseline measures for ongoing quality assessment of SLNB using hospital chart review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. bryan.wells@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najjar
authors.forename: Frances C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Claire M B
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Novlette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCready
authors.forename: May Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy