title: Incidence and predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery: Results from The IPDACS Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delirium after cardiac surgery is a serious complication that results in higher morbidity and mortality rates, and prolongs hospitalisation. However, the knowledge base regarding the issue of postoperative delirium is still limited. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated the incidence and independent perioperative risk factors of delirium after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IPDACS Study recruited 563 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The subjects were preoperatively examined by psychiatrists using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess psychiatric comorbidity. Additionally, other variables connected to the patients' medical condition and surgical and anaesthetic procedures were evaluated. A diagnosis of delirium following surgical intervention was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of postoperative delirium according to DSM-IV criteria was 16.3% (95% confidence interval: 13.5-19.6). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age, preoperative cognitive impairment, an ongoing episode of major depression, anaemia, atrial fibrillation, prolonged intubation and postoperative hypoxia were independently associated with delirium after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the current analysis, the aforementioned conditions independently predispose to delirium following cardiac surgery. Since some of these factors can be successfully treated and eliminated preoperatively and postoperatively, this study should be helpful in reducing the risk of delirium and in improving the medical care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery (Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT00784576).
authors.affiliation: Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. jakub.kazmierski@umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kazmierski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowman
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fendler
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okonski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banys
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaszewski
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rysz
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobow
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kloszewska
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003693:Delirium / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors