title: L-Phenylalanine concentration in blood of phenylketonuria patients: a modified enzyme colorimetric assay compared with amino acid analysis, tandem mass spectrometry, and HPLC methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by an impaired conversion of L-phenylalanine (Phe) to L-tyrosine, typically resulting from a deficiency in activity of a hepatic and renal enzyme L-phenylalanine hydroxylase. The disease is characterized by an increased concentration of Phe and its metabolites in body fluids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified assay based on an enzymatic-colorimetric methodology was developed for measuring blood Phe levels in PKU patients; this method is designed for use with undeproteinized samples and avoids the use of solvents or amphiphilic agents. Thus, the method could be suitable for incorporation into a simple home-monitoring device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report here on a comparison of blood Phe concentrations in PKU patients measured in undeproteinized plasma using this enzyme colorimetric assay (ECA), with values determined by amino acid analysis (AAA) of deproteinized samples, and HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses of dried blood spot (DBS) eluates. Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.951, 0.976 and 0.988 were obtained when AAA-measured Phe concentrations were compared with the ECA-, HPLC- or MS/MS-measured values, respectively. A Bland-Altman analysis revealed that mean Phe concentrations determined using AAA were on average 65 μmol/L lower than values measured by our ECA. These results may be the result of minimizing the manipulations performed on the patient sample compared with AAA, HPLC, and MS/MS methods, which involve plasma deproteinization or DBS elution and derivatization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results reported here confirm that Phe concentrations determined by our ECA method are comparable to those determined by other widely used methods for a broad range of plasma Phe concentrations.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.forename: Charlie D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: Sheldon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002138:Calibration; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000097:blood*; D058644:Sporosarcina / Q000201:enzymology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010649:Phenylalanine; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C022342:phenylalanine oxidase