title: [Effect of necrostatin-1 on apoptosis induced by aluminum and its mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of necrostatin (Nec-1) on apoptosis induced by aluminum (Al), and approach the mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neural cell death model was made by 4 mmol/L Al treated neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Cell viabilities were detected at different concentrations of Al and/or Nec-1. Hoechst 33342/PI double staining was used to observe apoptosis and (or) necrosis that were quantified by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI double staining. Apoptotic pathway was tested by activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9. In addition, the expression of NF-kappa B and Cyt-c was measured by immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viabilities were significantly decreased with the increasing concentrations of Al (P < 0.05), which could be significantly upregulated by 60 micromol/L Nec-1 (P < 0.05) and were correlated with the concentrations of Nec-1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Apoptosis and necrosis were observed under fluorescent microscope and quantified by flow cytometry, which suggested an increasing trend of apoptotic and necrotic rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Whereas, Nec-1 could not only decrease the necrotic rate but also apoptotic rate as well (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Data of Nec-1 on caspases activities showed that Nec-1 could not affect Caspase-9 activity (P > 0.05) and Cty-c protein expression as well (P > 0.05). However, Nec-1 could reduce Caspase-8 activity significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and increase NF-kappa B protein expression (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and finally decrease Caspase-3 activity (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nec-1 could reduce cell apoptosis induced by Al, through Caspase-8 pathway, and up-regulate the expression of NF-kappa B protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
authors.forename: Qin-li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiu-liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Wei-li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cheng-yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D016328:NF-kappa B; C507699:necrostatin-1; D045304:Cytochromes c; D000535:Aluminum; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9