title: Methamphetamine and lentivirus interactions: reciprocal enhancement of central nervous system disease.
abstract: Use of methamphetamine is increasingly a significant factor for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, for in certain populations, there is a convergence of methamphetamine abuse with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Methamphetamine and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are both individually neuropathogenic, and the neuropathology caused by these two agents occurs in overlapping brain regions. However, the biological interaction of methamphetamine with lentiviruses remains unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of simultaneous exposure of these two agents on disease progression using the feline immunodeficiency virus model. The study models the bingeing methamphetamine user with sequential and repeated episodes of use, which were interrupted by periods of abstinence. Methamphetamine exposure significantly accelerated and enhanced the severity of the feline immunodeficiency virus model-induced central nervous system functional pathology, as measured in delays in brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Reciprocally, feline immunodeficiency virus enhanced the severity of the methamphetamine-induced effects on brain monoamine neurotransmitter and dopamine transporter levels. The results of this study indicate that a dual potentiation occurred. That is, methamphetamine enhanced feline immunodeficiency virus model-induced central nervous system disease and feline immunodeficiency virus model enhanced the toxic effects of methamphetamine, heralding a significant concern for those individuals that are exposed to both agents.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huitron-Resendiz
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Loren H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Alavez
authors.forename: Tom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002415:Cats; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000633:toxicity*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D016181:Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008694:Methamphetamine