title: An acellular, allograft-derived meniscus scaffold in an ovine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a meniscus scaffold that has increased porosity and maintains the native meniscus extracellular matrix in an ovine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medial menisci of skeletally mature ovine (n = 16) were harvested; half were made into meniscus scaffolds (n = 8), and half remained intact (n = 8). Intact and scaffold meniscus tissues were compared by use of histology, DNA content analysis, in vitro cellular biocompatibility assays, and ultrastructural analysis. An additional 16 knees were used to investigate the biomechanics of the intact meniscus compared with the meniscus scaffold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA content and histology showed a significant decrease in cellular and nuclear content in the meniscus scaffold (P < .003). Biocompatibility was supported through in vitro cellular assays. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography showed a substantial increase in porosity and pore connectivity in the meniscus scaffold compared with the intact meniscus (P < .01). There was no statistical difference between the ultimate load or elastic modulus of the intact and meniscus scaffolds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study a meniscus scaffold was evaluated for potential clinical application as a meniscus transplant construct in an ovine model. The data showed that a decellularized meniscus scaffold with increased porosity was comparable to the intact meniscus, with an absence of in vitro cellular toxicity. Although some compositional alterations of the extracellular matrix are to be expected during processing, it is evident that many of the essential structural components remained functional with maintenance of biomechanical properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meniscus scaffold has potential for future clinical application as a meniscus transplant construct.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Kathryne J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stabile
authors.forename: Devin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Casey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Northam
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.forename: Beth P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Cristin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004247:DNA