title: Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in pressurized renal medullary interstitial cells.
abstract: Renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) are subjected to osmotic, inflammatory, and mechanical stress as a result of ureteral obstruction, which may influence the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2). Inflammatory stress strongly induces COX-2 in RMICs. To explore the direct effect of mechanical stress on the expression and activity of COX-2, cultured RMICs were subjected to varying amounts of pressure over time using a novel pressure apparatus. COX-2 mRNA and protein were induced following 60 mmHg pressure for 4 and 6 h, respectively. COX-1 mRNA and protein levels were unchanged. PGE(2) production in the RMICs was increased when cells were subjected to 60 mmHg pressure for 6 h and was prevented by a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Pharmacological inhibition indicating that pressure-induced COX-2 expression is dependent on p38 MAPK and biochemical knockdown experiments showed that NF-kappaB might be involved in the COX-2 induction by pressure. Importantly, terminal deoxyneucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and methylthiazoletetetrazolium assay studies showed that subjecting RMICs to 60 mmHg pressure for 6 h does not affect cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation. To further examine the regulation of COX-2 in vivo, rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 6 and 12 h. COX-2 mRNA and protein level was increased in inner medulla in response to 6- and 12-h UUO. COX-1 mRNA and protein levels were unchanged. These findings suggest that in vitro application of pressure recapitulates the effects on RMICs found after in vivo UUO. This directly implicates pressure as an important regulator of renal COX-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: The Water and Salt Research Center, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Kaitlin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: Anja M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Selzer
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dix P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Poppas
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Felsen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frøkiær
authors.forename: Rikke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nørregaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011312:Pressure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D044967:Serum; D013997:Time Factors; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone