title: A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions.
abstract: The present study explores the ability of modified soda lignin (MSL) extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in removing lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time, point zero charge (pH(pzc)) and pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dosage on the removal process were investigated. Furthermore, the MSL is characterized by SEM, XRF, FT-IR and surface area analysis. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of adsorption. The kinetic data obtained at different initial concentrations were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis of adsorption mechanism.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. mnm@usm.my
authors.forename: M N Mohamad
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: W S Wan
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ngah
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Norliyana
authors.forename: W R Wan
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Daud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafatullah
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010316:Particle Size; D012996:Solutions; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D007854:Lead