title: Two-stage reconstruction of post-traumatic segmental tibia bone loss with nailing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of lower extremity segmental bone loss is difficult. Masquelet et al. proposed a two-stage technique: first, debridement and filling of bone loss with an acrylic spacer; second, bone reconstruction by filling with cancellous bone in the space left free (following cement removal) inside the so-called self-induced periosteal membrane. In the originally described technique, the fracture site is stabilized by an external fixator, which remains in place throughout the bone healing process, i.e., often longer than 9 months with all the known disadvantages of this type of assembly. Following the principle of two-stage reconstruction, we modified the technique by reconstructing around an intramedullary-locking nail placed in the first stage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This technique prevents the mechanical complications related to external fixator use and provides faster resumption of weight-bearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients were operated for segmental tibial bone loss greater than 6cm resulting from injury (four cases) or aseptic necrosis (one case) or septic necrosis (seven cases). All the patients were operated on in an emergency setting and the first stage was performed before the 2nd week. A free muscle flap (ten patients) or a pediculated fasciocutaneous flap (two patients) was necessary during this first step to cover the site and provide good conditions for secondary bone growth. The follow-up was 39.5 months (range, 12-94 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete weight-bearing was resumed at a mean 4 months. After the second step, all the patients except one had apparently healed (complete weight-bearing with no pain). Five septic complications occurred after the second step, in one case leading to reconstruction failure. Four other patients had infectious complications successfully treated (as of the last follow-up) either by changing the nail in two cases or by prolonged antibiotic therapy in two other cases, with no graft loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the intramedullary nail facilitates the Masquelet technique by allowing the patient to resume weight-bearing more quickly and avoiding secondary fractures. However, the risk of sepsis remains high but can be controlled without compromising the final bone union in four cases out of five.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV. Retrospective study.
authors.affiliation: Bone Surgery Department, Angers Teaching Hospital Center, 4, rue Larrey, 49033 cedex Angers, France. thomasapard@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Apard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bigorre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cronier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duteille
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bizot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000601:surgery*; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000601:surgery*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000601:surgery; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents