title: Autophagy is a therapeutic target in anticancer drug resistance.
abstract: Autophagy is a type of cellular catabolic degradation response to nutrient starvation or metabolic stress. The main function of autophagy is to maintain intracellular metabolic homeostasis through degradation of unfolded or aggregated proteins and organelles. Although autophagic regulation is a complicated process, solid evidence demonstrates that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, LKB1-AMPK-mTOR and p53 are the main upstream regulators of the autophagic pathway. Currently, there is a bulk of data indicating the important function of autophagy in cancer. It is noteworthy that autophagy facilitates the cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. The abrogation of autophagy potentiates the re-sensitization of therapeutic resistant cancer cells to the anticancer treatment via autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-MA, CQ and BA, or knockdown of the autophagy related molecules. In this review, we summarize the accumulation of evidence for autophagy's involvement in mediating resistance of cancer cells to anticancer therapy and suggest that autophagy might be a potential therapeutic target in anticancer drug resistance in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Suning
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sumaiyah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D001343:Autophagy; D000071186:Beclin-1; D002470:Cell Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases