title: The role of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element sequence on mRNA abundance during porcine embryogenesis and parthenogenetic development.
abstract: Development of a porcine germinal vesicle oocyte (GVO) to a 4-cell stage embryo occurs during a transcriptionally silent period when the oocyte/embryo relies on maternally derived mRNA to encode proteins required for development. Regulation of translation and degradation of maternal mRNA is thought to be partially dependent on cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) within the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA. The goal of this study was to determine how CPE sites affect the abundance of mRNA during embryogenesis and parthenogenetic development, and how cordycepin, a 3'-deooxyadenosine (3'-dA) that inhibits poly-(A) tail formation, affects polyadenylation and transcript abundance. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from oocytes and 4-cell stage embryos were scanned for the presence of five consensus CPEs. Nineteen different transcripts containing one to three CPEs were selected, and transcript abundance was determined in GVO, metaphase II, 2-cell, and 4-cell stage embryos via real-time PCR while the length of the poly-(A) tail was determined by using a poly-(A) tail PCR (PAT) assays. Real-time PCR was performed on three biological and two technical replicates for each stage. There was no direct correlation between poly-(A) tail length, transcript abundance, and the CPE. In addition, the abundance of some messages was different if the embryo was the result of parthenogenetic activation. Cordycepin prevented polyadenylation of transcripts that normally undergo noticeable polyadenylation. Thus, CPEs may not be the only factors that regulate message stability, and parthenogenetic activation does not result in changes in transcript abundance that mimic in vitro fertilization.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Dobbs
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Spollen
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Randall S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Prather
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D026723:Polyadenylation / Q000235:genetics; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid