title: Effects of aflatoxin chronic intoxication in renal function of laying hens.
abstract: Aflatoxins (AF) have a high impact in both human and animal health, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry, especially by diminution of avian growth, feed efficiency, and product quality. Aflatoxins affect the whole organism, particularly liver and kidney. The objective of this study was to evaluate renal function alterations in laying hens during chronic AF ingestion. Randomly, 84 Leghorn Hy-Line laying hens (13 wk old) were assigned into 4 experimental groups (n = 21): 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg of AF/kg of feed. The AF (B(1), B(2), G(1), and G(2)) was obtained from 2 toxicogenic local strains of Aspergillus flavus grown in corn grains; the grain was sterilized, ground, and added to basal diets to achieve the selected AF concentrations. Hens ingested, during 17 and 42 wk, feed contaminated with AF. Data were analyzed in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Hens were anesthetized, ureteral urine samples were collected, and arterial blood samples were taken. The renal functional tests were evaluated by spectrophotometric and flame photometric methods, including a) Na, K, Ca, and phosphate fractional excretions; b) renal hemodynamic studies, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow by inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances, respectively; and c) identification of macroscopic and histopathologic lesions. The hens intoxicated at all levels of AF showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in Ca, Na, and phosphate fraction excretions. Sodium and phosphates were excreted in a pattern of response time-dose. However, glomerular filtration rate exhibited a significant reduction (P < 0.05). The K fractional excretion and renal plasma flow remained unchanged. These results suggest that AF chronic ingestion affects renal functions of laying hens and induces Ca(++), (-3)PO(4), and Na(+) losses, which are of great concern to the poultry industry.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes C. P. 20100, México. avaldiv@correo.uaa.mx
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-de-Anda
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Valdivia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jaramillo-Juárez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quezada
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Luna
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002645:Chickens; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D010710:Phosphates; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium