title: Granulocytic sarcoma of the pancreas: a case report and review of the literatures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as extramedullary myeloid tumor or chloroma. It forms a solid malignant tumor consisting of myelocytes or granulocytes and is typically located in bone while occurrence in other parts of the body is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reported a 40-year-old male patient who had jaundice, highly elevated bilirubin, and a mass highly suspicious of pancreatic head carcinoma. We performed surgery and the pathology and immunohistochemistry suggested GS; however the blood test and the bone marrow infiltration showed no evidence of AML. In our review of the published reports of GS, we only found six reports of the GS in the pancreas, and we suggested that immunohistochemical staining should be used to accurately differentiate GS from other pancreatic cancer and other types of leukemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accurate diagnosis of GS is necessary for determining prognosis and deciding appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Cancer Group, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Dansong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Tiantao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D051917:Leukosialin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D023981:Sarcoma, Myeloid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D051917:Leukosialin; D009195:Peroxidase