title: Hypothermia reduces perihemorrhagic edema after intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is poor because of the mass effect arising from the hematoma and the associated peri-hemorrhagic edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure. Because the efficacy of surgical and anti-edematous treatment strategies is limited, we investigated the effects of mild induced hypothermia in patients with large sICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with supratentorial sICH >25 mL were treated by hypothermia of 35 degrees C for 10 days. Evolution of hematoma volume and perifocal edema was measured by cranial CT. Functional outcome was assessed after 90 days. These patients were compared to patients (n=25; inclusion criteria: sICH volume >25 mL, no acute restriction of medical therapy on admission) from the local hemorrhage data bank (n=312). Side effects of hypothermia were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients from both groups needed mechanical ventilation and were treated in a neurocritical care unit. All hypothermic patients (mean age, 60+/-10 years) survived until day 90, whereas 7 patients died in the control group (mean age, 67+/-7 years). Absolute hematoma size on admission was 58+/-29 mL (hypothermia) compared to 57+/-31 mL (control). In the hypothermia group, edema volume remained stable during 14 days (day 1, 53+/-43 mL; day 14, 57+/-45 mL), whereas edema significantly increased in the control group from 40+/-28 mL (day 1) to 88+/-47 mL (day 14). ICH continuously dissolved in both groups. Pneumonia rate was 100% in the hypothermia group and 76% in controls (P=0.08). No significant side effects of hypothermia were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypothermia prevented the increase of peri-hemorrhagic edema in patients with large sICH.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. rainer.kollmar@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kollmar
authors.forename: Dimitre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staykov
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dörfler
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schellinger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bardutzky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome