title: Chemiluminescent ELISA for the BTEX determination in water and soil.
abstract: An indirect competitive chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and ortho-, meta-, para-xylenes (BTEX) in soil and water was developed. The assay was optimized concerning the coating conjugate concentration, anti-BTEX antiserum dilution, incubation time effect on primary and secondary antibody incubation, and temperature effect on the competitive step and tolerance to different organic solvents. The IC(50) and lower limit of the detection (LDD(90)) values were 4.6 and 0.5 microg mL(-1), respectively. While water samples could be analyzed directly, soil has to be extracted and diluted prior to immunochemical measurements. BTEX could be recovered from spiked soil with a yield higher than 60% using 5-min ultrasonication with methanol. Finally, the assay was applied to soil and water samples collected at a contaminated site in Italy, and was compared to GC-MS.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, Università di Bologna, Via S. Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maiolini
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niessner
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eremin
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolelli
authors.forename: Elida Nora
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002417:Cattle; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007536:Isomerism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D012987:Soil; D012997:Solvents; D014992:Xylenes; D014867:Water; D014050:Toluene; D001554:Benzene; C004912:ethylbenzene