title: Eye gaze during face processing in children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurogenetic syndrome with high risk for the development of psychiatric disorder. There is interest in identifying reliable markers for measuring and monitoring socio-emotional impairments in 22q11DS during development. The current study investigated eye gaze as a potential marker during a face-processing task in children and young adolescents with 22q11DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye gaze and behavioral correlates were investigated in 26 subjects (aged 8 to 15 years) with 22q11DS during the Jane Task, which targets featural and configural face processing. Individuals with 22q11DS were compared with chronologically age-matched healthy controls and individuals with idiopathic developmental delay (DD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Few differences in accuracy were observed between patients with 22q11DS and DD controls; however individuals with 22q11DS spent less time on the eyes and more time on the mouths than both comparison groups. IQ predicted time on the eyes in subjects with 22q11DS, and anxiety predicted time on the eyes in DD and 22q11DS subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence for abnormal exploration of faces in the syndrome and suggest that time spent on the eyes may contribute to face processing difficulties and interact with anxiety levels to exacerbate socio-emotional dysfunction in affected individuals.
authors.affiliation: University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland. bronwyn.glaser@unige.ch
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debbané
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ottet
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vuilleumier
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zesiger
authors.forename: Stylianos E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eliez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012919:Social Behavior; D014796:Visual Perception