title: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is inversely associated with sex-dependent diverse carotid atherosclerosis regardless of endothelial function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is thought to be associated with life expectancy and anti-aging. However, its biological significance in atherosclerosis remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether DHEAS is associated with development of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 419 Japanese individuals (208 males and 211 females) were recruited from Tokushima University Hospital, Japan. In all subjects, maximum intima-media thickness (max-IMT) in all carotid arteries, and mean-IMT and mean blood flow volume (BFV) in the common carotid arteries (CCA) were measured by ultrasonography; endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (%FMD). Serum DHEAS and classical cardiovascular risk factors were also evaluated. Statistical significance was determined by multiple regression analysis to elucidate independent determinants of max-IMT, mean-IMT, mean CCA-BFV, and %FMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum DHEAS levels were higher in males than in females. Multiple regression analysis revealed that DHEAS was an independent negative factor for both max-IMT and mean-IMT in males but not in females. In contrast, DHEAS was the sole positive factor for mean CCA-BFV in females but not in males. In addition, there was no significant relationship between %FMD and DHEAS regardless of sex and other confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although DHEAS is not involved in endothelial function, DHEAS is inversely associated with sex-dependent diverse carotid atherosclerosis such as increased max-IMT and mean-IMT in males and decreased CCA-BFV in females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uemoto
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumitomo-Ueda
authors.forename: Shusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate