title: Nonmotor symptoms in Parkin gene-related parkinsonism.
abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence and differences of nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) in patients with young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) with and without mutations in the Parkin gene and late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD). Twenty-seven patients with YOPD and 27 with LOPD, as well as 16 patients with homozygous or compound heterozygote Parkin mutations filled in the nonmotor symptoms questionnaire, a 30-item self-completed questionnaire that addresses various NMSs. Overall, NMSs were more prevalent in YOPD (12.07 +/- 3.9; P = 0.009) and LOPD (13.26 +/- 5.8; P = 0.001) compared with Parkin mutation carriers (7.38 +/- 4.2). Dribbling of saliva, vivid dreams, loss of smell, and urinary urgency were more prevalent in YOPD compared with Parkin mutation carriers. Only anxiety was more prevalent in the latter. Apart from anxiety, NMSs appear to be less prevalent in Parkin gene-related parkinsonism. Although these results need further study, the presented data might be helpful in the clinical recognition of specific phenotypes and genotypes in YOPD. The data are in keeping with a different pathological disease process in Parkin gene-related parkinsonism.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kägi
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Susanne A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Pramstaller
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.forename: Niall P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Bart P C
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: van de Warrenburg
authors.forename: Kailash P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein