title: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in study of the skin: normal patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate quantitative and qualitative criteria of normal healthy skin using high-resolution MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  FIESTA and spin echo sequences of the skin of the heel, back and calf were obtained in 31 healthy volunteers. A dedicated 3-in. coil for study of the skin was used to optimize reception sensitivity. Quantitative analysis was performed to measure skin thickness in these three sites and qualititative analysis aimed to differentiate the various skin layers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With both sequences, the stratum corneum appeared as a hyperintense layer. The epidermis was visualized appeared as a fine, homogeneous, hyperintense line. The dermoepidermal junction was clearer particularly in the calf. The dermis was also identified in each sequence and in each anatomic site. The signal was hypointense in both sequences, homogeneous with spin echo and more heterogeneous with FIESTA. Moreover the interface between the papillary and the reticular dermis could be distinguished. The hypodermis was visualized in both sequences and in all sites and hypodermal inclusions in the dermis were seen particularly in the back and calf. Lastly, the pilosebaceous follicles and the deep vascular network of the reticular dermis were more clearly seen with FIESTA sequence. Measures of overall skin thickness and for each layer according to site, sex and MRI sequence were performed. Statistical analysis was then performed to seek significant differences between the results according to these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging provides global analysis with high resolution of the various skin layers down to the hypodermis and the muscular fascia.
authors.affiliation: Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. sans.n@chu-toulouse.fr
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sans
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faruch
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiavassa-Gandois
authors.forename: Catherine Lalande Champetier
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: de Ribes
authors.forename: Carle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Railhac
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology*