Gender comparison of psychological reaction after miscarriage-a 1-year longitudinal study.
OBJECTIVE
To explore men's psychological reaction and its evolutionary course over 1 year after miscarriage, to compare this reaction with that of their female partners and to investigate the possible correlation of psychological states between partners.


METHODS
Prospective 1-year longitudinal observational study.


METHODS
A university-affiliated tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. Sample Eighty-three miscarrying couples.


METHODS
The psychological reactions of miscarrying women and their male partners were assessed immediately and at 3, 6 and 12 months after miscarriage.


METHODS
Psychological outcomes were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).


RESULTS
A substantial proportion of men (43.4%) scored high in GHQ-12 and 16.9% scored high in BDI immediately after miscarriage. In men, both psychometric scores decreased sharply within the first 3 months and reached a plateau. When compared with women, men scored significantly lower in GHQ-12 and BDI during the 1-year course after miscarriage. A planned pregnancy was a significant risk factor (P = 0.008) associated with an initial high BDI score in men. There was a significant positive correlation between couples in both GHQ-12 and BDI scores throughout the longitudinal course.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the psychological impact of miscarriage on men was less enduring when compared with that on women, a significant proportion of men demonstrated psychological distress after miscarriage. The significant positive correlation in a couple's psychological reaction indicated that psychological morbidity was not confined only to a woman's own experience, but also affected her relationship with her male partner.
Kong
G W S
GW
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China. gracekong@cuhk.edu.hk
Chung
T K H
TK
Lai
B P Y
BP
Lok
I H
IH
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires