title: Multivariate phase combination improves automated crystallographic model building.
abstract: Density modification is a standard technique in macromolecular crystallography that can significantly improve an initial electron-density map. To obtain optimal results, the initial and density-modified map are combined. Current methods assume that these two maps are independent and propagate the initial map information and its accuracy indirectly through previously determined coefficients. A multivariate equation has been derived that no longer assumes independence between the initial and density-modified map, considers the observed diffraction data directly and refines the errors that can occur in a single-wavelength anomalous diffraction experiment. The equation has been implemented and tested on over 100 real data sets. The results are dramatic: the method provides significantly improved maps over the current state of the art and leads to many more structures being built automatically.
authors.affiliation: Biophysical Structural Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. p.skubak@chem.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skubák
authors.forename: Willem Jan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Waterreus
authors.forename: Navraj S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Pannu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015999:Multivariate Analysis