title: Immunocytochemical localisation of caspase-3 in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Caspase-3 has been recognised as a main effector caspase of the apoptotic cascade. Involvement of caspase-3 has been implicated in a beta-cell cloned cell line from type 1 diabetic subjects and in isolated islets from type 2 diabetic subjects. This study aimed to immunocytochemically identify cleaved caspase-3 positive islet cells in type 2 diabetic subjects compared with control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using commercially available rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody, immunocytochemical staining was performed on 16 cases of pancreatic tissues from type 2 diabetic subjects compared with age-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control islets revealed cleaved caspase-3 positive cells in about 4.7% in total islet cells with large and small islets positive at 4.1% and 7.0%, respectively. Islets from type 2 diabetic subjects showed higher immunostaining percentage at 8.7% in total islets with large and small islets positive for cleaved caspase-3 at 7.7% and 12%, respectively, at about twice that of the control values. Islets from type 2 diabetics were generally insulin cell-less and glucagon cell-rich, but insulin cells still remained. Type 2 diabetic islets showed various stromal amyloid deposits, displacing the residual islet cells. Cleaved caspase-3 positive cells were more in the less amyloid deposited islets than in the islet cell deficient islets containing more amyloid deposits; the latter correspond to the end-stage of type 2 diabetic islets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The more cleaved caspase-3 immunostained islets from type 2 diabetics may implicate an accelerated apoptotic cascade in the islets, accompanied by increasing amyloid deposits, before proceeding to ultimate cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, and Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA. tomitat@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002452:Cell Count; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D015415:Biomarkers; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3