title: Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer is associated with patients' socioeconomic status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decision making regarding the choice of surgical procedure in rectal cancer is complex. It was hypothesized that, in addition to clinical factors, several aspects of patients' socioeconomic background influence this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individually attained data on civil status, education and income were linked to the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry 1995-2005 (16 713 patients) and analysed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior resection (AR) was performed in 7433 patients (44.5 per cent), abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 3808 (22.8 per cent) and Hartmann's procedure in 1704 (10.2 per cent). Unmarried patients were least likely (odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.64 to 0.88) and university-educated men were most likely (OR 1.30, 1.04 to 1.62) to have an AR. Patients with the highest income were more likely to undergo AR (OR 0.80, 0.85 and 0.86 respectively for first, second and third income quartiles). Socioeconomic differences in the use of AR were smallest among the youngest patients. Unmarried patients were more likely (OR 1.21, 95 per cent c.i. 1.00 to 1.48) and university-educated patients less likely (OR 0.78, 95 per cent c.i. 0.63 to 0.98) to have an APR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The choice of surgical strategy in rectal cancer is not socioeconomically neutral. Confounding factors, such as co-morbidity or smoking, may explain some of the differences but inequality in treatment is also plausible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. louols@ki.se
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Granström
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Påhlman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology