title: Prolonged therapy with erythropoietin is safe and prevents deterioration of left ventricular systolic function in a porcine model of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erythropoietin (EPO) has generated interest as a novel therapy after myocardial infarction (MI), but the safety and efficacy of prolonged therapy have not been studied in a large animal model of reperfused MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MI was induced in pigs by a 90-minute balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sixteen animals were randomized to either EPO or saline (control group). Inflammatory markers, bone marrow cell mobilization, and left ventricular function (by both echocardiography and pressure-volume measurements) were assessed at baseline, 1 and 6 weeks post-MI. EPO therapy was associated with a significant increase in hemoglobin and mononuclear counts. D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels did not differ between groups. At week 6, EPO therapy prevented further deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction (39 +/- 2% vs. 33 +/- 1%, P < .01) and improved wall motion score index (P < .02). Histopathology revealed increased areas of viable myocardium, vascular density, and capillary-to-myocyte ratio in the EPO therapy compared with the control (all P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged EPO therapy after MI in a large animal model is safe and leads to an increase in viable myocardium, increased vascular density, and prevents further deterioration of left ventricular function. These results support future clinical studies in post-MI patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0103, USA.
authors.forename: Franca S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amabile
authors.forename: Sukesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burjonroppa
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: Kanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Yerem
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeghiazarians
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin