title: Serum cathepsin S is associated with serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 independently of obesity in elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cathepsin S has been suggested provide a mechanistic link between obesity and atherosclerosis, possibly mediated via adipose tissue-derived inflammation. Previous data have shown an association between circulating cathepsin S and inflammatory markers in the obese, but to date, community-based reports are lacking. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of cathepsin S and markers of cytokine-mediated inflammation in a community-based sample, with prespecified subgroup analyses in nonobese participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum cathepsin S, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6 were measured in a community-based cohort of elderly men (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men; mean age 71 years, n = 991). CRP and IL-6 were also measured at a reexamination after 7 yr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, diabetes treatment, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, serum cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, prior cardiovascular disease, smoking, and leisure time physical activity, higher cathepsin S was associated with higher CRP (regression coefficient for 1 sd increase, 0.13; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.19; P < 0.001) and higher serum IL-6 (regression coefficient for 1 sd increase, 0.08; 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.14; P = 0.02). These associations remained similar in normal-weight participants (body mass index <25 kg/m(2), n = 375). In longitudinal analyses, higher cathepsin S at baseline was associated with higher serum CRP and IL-6 after 7 yr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide additional evidence for the interplay between cathepsin S and inflammatory activity and suggest that this association is present also in normal-weight individuals in the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jobs
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Risérus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ingelsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helmersson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nerpin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jobs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundström
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnlöv
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D012111:Residence Characteristics
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S