title: Enhanced initial proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on HF/HNO3 solution treated nanostructural titanium surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano- or submicro topography and fluoride ion on the biology of osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pure Ti plates were sandblasted, etched with an HCl/H(2)SO(4) solution (control surface) and then etched in a diluted HF/HNO(3) solution (test surface). MC3T3-E1 cells attached, spread, and proliferated on both surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The alkaline phosphatase activity was evidently higher for the test surface than for control surface after 4 and 7 days of cell culture. Real-time PCR showed significant increases in type I collagen and osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblast growth on the test surface after 4 days of culture compared with the control surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With nanotopography and fluoride, hydrogen ions might improve MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation during the early stages of cell culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fuming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guoli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shifang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003470:Culture Media; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures; D017942:Nitric Acid; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D003470:Culture Media; D015675:Osteocalcin; D017942:Nitric Acid; D004247:DNA; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid