title: Procedures of endoscopic periradicular surgery.
abstract: When a tooth with an apical lesion is identified, an apicoectomy is frequently performed when nonsurgical treatment is considered unfeasible or has previously failed. However, the treatment is usually difficult in molars. This article describes a minimally invasive procedure for removing a gutta-percha point under the maxillary sinus mucosa using an ultrathin arthroscope and a visualization approach in apicoectomy using an intranasal endoscope. These surgical techniques using endoscopes are minimally invasive and reliable procedures that provide limited incision and bone removal and respect the integrity of the maxillary sinus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tonami General Hospital, Toyama, Japan. yura@p1.coralnet.or.jp
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yura
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumiyama
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D020679:Arthroscopes; D003475:Curettage / Q000379:methods; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000601:surgery; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000601:surgery*; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha