title: Optimizing catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia therapy in calsequestrin-mutant mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a lethal arrhythmia provoked by physical or emotional stress and mediated by spontaneous Ca(2+) release and delayed after-depolarizations. Beta-adrenergic blockers are the therapy of choice but fail to control arrhythmia in up to 50% of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To optimize antiarrhythmic therapy in recessively inherited CPVT caused by calsequestrin (CASQ2) mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Murine heart rhythm telemetry was obtained at rest, during treadmill exercise, and after injection of epinephrine. The protocol was repeated after injection of different antiarrhythmic drugs. Results were then validated in human patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult CASQ2 mutant mice had complex ventricular arrhythmia at rest and developed bidirectional and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia on exertion. Class I antiarrhythmic agents (procainamide, lidocaine, flecainide) were ineffective in controlling arrhythmia. Propranolol and sotalol attenuated arrhythmia at rest but failed to prevent VT during sympathetic stimulation. The calcium channel blocker verapamil showed a dose-dependent protection against CPVT. Verapamil was more effective than the dihydropyridine L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine, and its activity was markedly enhanced when combined with propranolol. Human patients homozygous for CASQ2(D307H) mutation, remaining symptomatic despite chronic β-blocker therapy, underwent exercise testing according to the Bruce protocol with continuous electrocardiogram recording. Verapamil was combined with propranolol at maximum tolerated doses. Adding verapamil attenuated ventricular arrhythmia and prolonged exercise duration in five of 11 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verapamil is highly effective against catecholamine-induced arrhythmia in mice with CASQ2 mutations and may potentiate the antiarrhythmic activity of β-blockers in humans with CPVT2.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Assad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurtzwald
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hochhauser
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porat
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shainberg
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorber
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eldar
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000098850:Polymorphic Catecholaminergic Ventricular Tachycardia
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011433:Propranolol; D014700:Verapamil