title: Curcumin increases the pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in murine model.
abstract: Curcumin has gained immense importance for its vast therapeutic and prophylactic applications. Contrary to this, our study reveals that it regulates the defense pathways of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to enhance its pathogenicity. In a murine model of typhoid fever, we observed higher bacterial load in Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen and liver, when infected with curcumin-treated Salmonella. Curcumin increased the resistance of S. Typhimurium against antimicrobial agents like antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This increased tolerance might be attributed to the up-regulation of genes involved in resistance against antimicrobial peptides--pmrD and pmrHFIJKLM and genes with antioxidant function--mntH, sodA and sitA. We implicate that iron chelation property of curcumin have a role in regulating mntH and sitA. Interestingly, we see that the curcumin-mediated modulation of pmr genes is through the PhoPQ regulatory system. Curcumin downregulates SPI1 genes, required for entry into epithelial cells and upregulates SPI2 genes required to intracellular survival. Since it is known that the SPI1 and SPI2 system can be regulated by the PhoPQ system, this common regulator could explain curcumin's mode of action. This data urges us to rethink the indiscriminate use of curcumin especially during Salmonella outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Marathe
authors.forename: Seemun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Dipshikha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chakravortty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C433793:MntH protein, bacteria; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; C440638:SPI-2 protein, Salmonella; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003474:Curcumin