title: Pharmacokinetics and whole-blood bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of single doses of PNU-100480 in healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oxazolidinone PNU-100480 is superior to linezolid against experimental murine tuberculosis. Two metabolites contribute to but do not fully account for its superiority. This study examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and mycobactericidal activity of single ascending doses of PNU-100480.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen healthy volunteers received 2 escalating single oral doses (35-1500 mg) of PNU-100480 or placebo. Eight subjects received 4 daily doses of 300 mg of linezolid. Drug concentrations and bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in whole-blood bactericidal culture were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All doses were safe and well tolerated. PNU-100480 doses to 1000 mg were well absorbed and showed approximately proportional increases in exposures of parent and metabolites. The geometric mean maximal concentrations of PNU-100480, PNU-101603, and PNU-101244 (sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites) at 1000 mg were 839, 3558, and 54 ng/mL, respectively. The maximal whole-blood bactericidal activity (-0.37 +/- .06 log/day) occurred at combined PNU levels > or =2 times the minimum inhibitory concentration. The observed geometric mean maximal concentration for linezolid was 6425 ng/mL. Its maximal whole-blood bactericidal activity also occurred at > or =2 times the minimum inhibitory concentration, but it was only -0.16 +/- .05 log/day (P< .001) Neither drug showed enhanced activity at higher concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single doses of PNU-100480 to 1000 mg were well tolerated and exhibited antimycobacterial activity superior to 300 mg of linezolid at steady state. Additional studies are warranted to define its role in drug-resistant tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, 50 Pequot Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA. robert.wallis@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Wesley M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Jakubiec
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silvia
authors.forename: Darcy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paige
authors.forename: Dessislava
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dimitrova
authors.forename: Xiaoxi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ladutko
authors.forename: Sheldon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedland
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitton-Fry
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015610:Serum Bactericidal Test; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; C543015:PNU-100480; D000069349:Linezolid