title: Single-working-instrument, double-trocar, clipless cholecystectomy using harmonic scalpel: a feasible, safe, and less invasive technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Harmonic scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH) in the closure/division of the cystic duct and artery, and bladder dissection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a single working instrument, with the use of a two-working-trocar technique, compared with the regular laparoscopic clip/cautery, three-trocar technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 160 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease who were randomly assigned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy by either Harmonic shear as a single working instrument, with the two-trocar technique (group 1 = 80 patients) or group 2 (regular clip/cautery, three-trocar technique) comprising 80 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant complications were encountered in either group; however, 1 case in the regular laparoscopy group suffered mild leakage that was treated conservatively. Intraoperative bile spillage was insignificantly comparable in both groups (10 versus 13%; P = 0.46). The median operative time was statistically significantly shorter in the Harmonic group (20 versus 45 minutes; P = 0.0001). Also, hospital stay was significantly shorter in the Harmonic group (1 versus 1.5 days, respectively; P = 0.001), but no statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative complications. The overall cosmetic results and patient satisfaction was better in the Harmonic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Harmonic shear is as safe and effective as the clip/cautery technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in achieving hemobiliary stasis, with shorter operative time, especially if used solely as a working instrument. The two-trocar technique is safe, feasible, and provides better cosmetic results and patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, Assuit University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University , Assuit, Egypt. ProfAlaaRedwan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alaa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Redwan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation; D003549:Cystic Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D055815:Young Adult