title: Cerebral and somatic near-infrared spectroscopy in normal newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Near-infrared spectroscopy has been used increasingly in the pediatric population as a continuous, noninvasive indicator of trends in organ perfusion and oxygenation. We studied healthy newborn babies to establish normal values during rest and feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four term newborns were recruited. Near-infrared spectroscopy probes were placed on the forehead and over the right kidney to record cerebral (rSO(2)C) and renal-somatic (rSO(2)R) regional oxyhemoglobin saturation. Readings were collected continuously for 2 to 8 hours, spanning 1 to 3 feeding episodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available on 26 patients, with an average age of 44 +/- 28 hours. The overall average rSO(2)C was 77.9% +/- 8.5%, rSO(2)R was 86.8% +/- 8.1%, and DeltarSO(2)RC (somatic-cerebral rSO(2) difference) was 8.9% +/- 9.4%. During feeding, rSO(2)C was minimally decreased (78.6% +/- 8.4% versus 78.0% +/- 9.0%, P = .023), rSO(2)R did not change (87.0% +/- 8.1% versus 87.3% +/- 8.0%, P = .31), and DeltarSO(2)RC was minimally increased (8.5% +/- 9.5% versus 9.2% +/- 9.1%, P = .014). Over the first 120 hours after birth, average rSO(2)C decreased (P < .01), and rSO(2)R remained relatively unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical utility of near-infrared spectroscopy was partly limited by lack of normative data. These data demonstrate that regional oxygen extraction is greater across cerebral than across renal-somatic beds in normal newborns. Healthy newborns do not have clinically significant changes in organ oxygenation with feeding.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ghanayem
authors.forename: Marjorie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Arca
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012016:Reference Values; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*