title: The DoTS classification is a useful way to classify adverse drug reactions: a preliminary study in hospitalized patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hospitalized patients in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADRs were identified by two evaluators, who reviewed the clinical histories of all patients admitted between 24 April and 24 May 2006. Patients with suspected ADRs were contacted. Three different investigators evaluated causality, the degree of preventability, and the mechanism producing the ADR. Causality was assessed using the scale proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), and preventability was assessed using the modified Schumock and Thornton criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 32 ADRs in 104 hospitalized patients. Effects on the autonomic nervous system were the most common (13%) and the drugs most frequently implicated were systemic antimicrobial drugs (19%). Fifty-four per cent of the ADRs were classified as possible. Using the Dose, Time and Susceptibility (DoTS) classification, 77% of the ADRs were classified as being of collateral dose-responsiveness (i.e. they occurred within the range of therapeutic doses), and 65% were classified as intermediate reactions. The susceptibility factors associated most frequently with ADRs were comorbidities (i.e. the presence of diseases that were considered as risk factors to developing an ADR; 36%), age (26%) and exogenous factors (i.e. the presence of drug interactions that were involved in the occurrence of ADRs; 17%). Fifty per cent of the ADRs could have been prevented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADRs are very frequent in hospitalized patients and a significant proportion of them is preventable. The DoTS classification allowed complete evaluation of the types of ADR encountered. We are currently carrying out a much larger prospective study.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia. carlos_calderon74@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calderón-Ospina
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bustamante-Rojas
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003105:Colombia; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations