title: Effects of diabetes mellitus on VEGF-induced proliferation response in bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on cellular proliferation associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and evaluated protein expression involved in cellular proliferation and proapoptotic signaling in chronically ischemic myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin-dependent DM was induced in yucatan miniswine with alloxan. Eight weeks after induction, chronic ischemia was induced by ameroid constrictor placement around the circumflex coronary artery. Seven weeks after ameroid constrictor, perfusion of ischemic territory was measured by isotope-labeled microspheres, and ischemic myocardium was harvested. Bone marrow (BM) samples were harvested from iliac bone and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cryopreserved. EPCs were isolated from cryopreserved MNCs in control (n = 6) and DM swine (n = 6). EPC proliferation was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPC proliferation was decreased in DM as compared to control (1.02 ± 0.09, 0.40 ± 0.04, p < 0.01). VEGF-induced EPC proliferation was impaired in DM as compared to control (p < 0.01). Expression of ERK protein, an activator of VEGF-induced cell proliferation, was decreased. AKT activation, an inhibitor of apoptosis, was decreased, while Bad, an activator of proapoptotic signaling, was elevated in the ischemic myocardium from DM. Collateral dependent perfusion was impaired in DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired VEGF-induced proliferation response in EPC as well as an increase in negative myocardial protein expression for cell proliferation and proapoptotic signaling via VEGF could be a therapeutic target to enhance the effects of proangiogenesis therapies in DM and other chronic illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mieno
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boodhwani
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Robich
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Neel R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sodha
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sellke
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000496:Alloxan