title: Safety of same-day endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under conscious sedation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the tolerability and safety of same-day tandem procedures, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) under conscious sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted at Loma Linda University Medical Center, a tertiary-care center. All 54 patients who underwent EUS followed by ERCP (group A) from 2004 to 2006 were included in the study. A second group of 56 patients who underwent EUS only (group B), and a third group of 53 patients who underwent ERCP only (group C) during the same time period were selected consecutively as control groups for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conscious sedation was used in 96% of patients in group A. Mean dosages of meperidine and midazolam used in group A were significantly higher than in group B or C. Mean recovery time in group A was not statistically longer than in group B or C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of sedation-related and procedural-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tandem EUS/ERCP procedure can be safely performed under conscious sedation with minimal adverse events. Combined procedures, however, are associated with higher dosages of sedatives, and slightly longer recovery time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. kche@llu.edu
authors.forename: Kendrick
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muckova
authors.forename: Snorri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olafsson
authors.forename: Wichit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Srikureja
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult