Sacral nerve modulation in overactive bladder.
This article represents a general overview of therapies for urinary urgency, frequency, and overactive bladder, with specific emphasis on sacral neuromodulation. The history of sacral neuromodulation is discussed along with an update of the current literature. Future directions for neuromodulation of the pelvic floor also are discussed.
Occhino
John A
JA
Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Occhino.john@gmail.com
Siegel
Steven W
SW
D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins