title: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Part 1: history and principles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Review the historical development and physiologic principles of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) based on human and veterinary experimental literature and current equipment in use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of basic physiologic concepts. Data from human and veterinary journals were reviewed through Pubmed and Veterinary Information Network database searches as well as reference searches on several articles covering hyperbaric therapy in clinically applicable situations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBOT has been gaining acceptance as an adjunctive treatment in human medicine. The understanding of the physiology and application of hyperbaric therapy is increasing through ongoing research and greater access to hyperbaric equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several animal models have been utilized to examine the effects of HBOT. Most models utilize dogs and rats but pigs, cats, and other species have been studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperbaric therapy utilizes several physiologic principles of how gases respond under pressure and more specifically of how oxygen responds under pressure. The increase in concentration of oxygen in solution, based on its solubility under pressure, increases the diffusion gradient for its delivery deeper into tissues, which is the premise of HBOT. Ultimately the increases in dissolved oxygen generated by hyperbaric therapy have several physiologic effects that can alter tissue responses to disease and injury. As this technology becomes more available to clinical practice, HBOT should be considered as a therapeutic option.
authors.affiliation: California Veterinary Specialists, San Marcos, CA 92069, USA. drmle@aol.com
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen