title: The classification and treatment of Kienbock's disease: the state of the art and a look at the future.
abstract: The proper treatment of Kienböck's disease, a disorder that displays slow progression with eventual collapse of the lunate and alteration of the surrounding carpal architecture, requires an understanding of its aetiology and natural history. A reproducible classification system assists the surgeon in making appropriate treatment choices. In this discussion, we review the history and rationale for the four-stage step-wise classification system, along with our current treatment algorithm. We also discuss emerging classification systems and speculate on future directions in treatment and research.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lichtman
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lesley
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012667:Lunate Bone; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography