title: Antithrombotic strategy in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the ACTION (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the use of and outcomes associated with antithrombotic strategies in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A variety of antithrombotic strategies have been tested in clinical trials for NSTEMI patients treated with PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antithrombotic strategies for NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI at 217 ACTION (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) hospitals from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2007, (n = 11,085) were classified into commonly observed antithrombotic groups: heparin alone (Hep alone; low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin), bivalirudin alone (Bival alone), heparin with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (Hep/GPI), and bivalirudin with GPI (Bival/GPI). Baseline characteristics are shown across treatment groups. In addition, unadjusted and adjusted rates of in-hospital major bleeding and death are shown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standard strategy used was Hep/GPI (64%), followed by Hep or Bival alone (28%), and Bival/GPI (8%). Patients who received Hep or Bival alone were older with more comorbidities, higher baseline bleeding and mortality risk, and lower peak troponin. Compared with patients who received Hep/GPI , those who received Hep alone and Bival alone had lower rates of major bleeding (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42 to 0.65; adjusted OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.60; respectively), yet only patients who received Bival alone had lower mortality (adjusted OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSTEMI patients undergoing PCI are more likely to receive Bival or Hep alone when at higher baseline bleeding risk than when at lower baseline bleeding risk. Despite higher baseline risk, those receiving Bival or Hep alone had less bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. renato.lopes@duke.edu
authors.forename: Renato D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Anita Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Tracy Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E Magnus
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ohman
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Magid
authors.forename: P Michael
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wiviott
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Scirica
authors.forename: Karen P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006629:Hirudins; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin