title: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication after failed EsophyX fundoplication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reflux control may be ineffective in a substantial number of patients after endoluminal EsophyX fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Subsequent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) might be required to relieve symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of LNF after previous EsophyX fundoplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  EsophyX failure was defined as recurrence or persistence of typical symptoms, with or without anatomical failure of the wrap or persisting pathological oesophageal acid exposure. Consecutive patients who underwent LNF after failed EsophyX fundoplication were identified. Symptomatic outcome was obtained by standardized questionnaire, and objective outcome by endoscopy, oesophageal manometry and pH monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients were included. During LNF, intraoperative gastric perforation occurred in two patients and one developed a subphrenic abscess after operation. Daily heartburn was present in one patient after LNF and three had troublesome daily dysphagia. General quality of life after LNF was not significantly better than that before EsophyX fundoplication. Oesophageal acid exposure was normalized in all patients after surgery. Oesophagitis was absent after LNF in all except one patient who had persisting grade A oesophagitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptomatic and objective reflux control are satisfactory after LNF for a failed EsophyX procedure. Previous EsophyX fundoplication, however, is associated with a risk of gastric injury during LNF and a relatively high rate of postfundoplication dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J B
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Furnée
authors.forename: J A J L
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Broeders
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Draaisma
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hazebroek
authors.forename: A J P M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smout
authors.forename: P J J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.forename: I A M J
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Broeders
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D017211:Treatment Failure