title: Kinetics and specificity of feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR) export function and its dependence on hemopexin.
abstract: The feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR) is a heme export protein that is required for proerythroblast survival and facilitates macrophage heme iron recycling. However, its mechanism of heme export and substrate specificity are uncharacterized. Using [(55)Fe]heme and the fluorescent heme analog zinc mesoporphyrin, we investigated whether export by FLVCR depends on the availability and avidity of extracellular heme-binding proteins. Export was 100-fold more efficient when the medium contained hemopexin (K(d) < 1 pm) compared with albumin (K(d) = 5 nm) at the same concentration and was not detectable when the medium lacked heme-binding proteins. Besides heme, FLVCR could export other cyclic planar porphyrins, such as protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin. However, FLVCR has a narrow substrate range because unconjugated bilirubin, the primary breakdown product of heme, was not transported. As neither protoporphyrin IX nor coproporphyrin export improved with extracellular hemopexin (versus albumin), our observations further suggest that hemopexin, an abundant protein with a serum concentration (6.7-25 mum) equivalent to that of the iron transport protein transferrin (22-31 mum), by accepting heme from FLVCR and targeting it to the liver, might regulate macrophage heme export and heme iron recycling in vivo. Final studies show that hemopexin directly interacts with FLVCR, which also helps explain why FLVCR, in contrast to some major facilitator superfamily members, does not function as a bidirectional gradient-dependent transporter. Together, these data argue that hemopexin has a role in assuring systemic iron balance during homeostasis in addition to its established role as a scavenger during internal bleeding or hemolysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7710, USA.
authors.forename: Zhantao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Raymond T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Doty
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giraudi
authors.forename: J Donald
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ostrow
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiribelli
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Janis L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abkowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D003306:Coproporphyrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000235:genetics; D006466:Hemopexin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014168:Transferrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003306:Coproporphyrins; C492690:FLVCR1 protein, human; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014168:Transferrin; D006418:Heme; D006466:Hemopexin; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D007501:Iron