title: Laparoendoscopic single-site radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection: initial experience and 2-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the first series of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The development of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery and its application to urothelial malignancy has not been previously evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel, single multichannel port and flexible laparoscopic instruments and laparoscope were used for all procedures. The eligible patients had transitional cell carcinoma that was muscle invasive or refractory to intravesical therapy. Locally advanced disease, previous abdominal or pelvic surgery or radiotherapy, or those desiring orthotopic reconstruction were excluded. No additional ports were needed, and lymphadenectomy was performed using an extended template up to the aortic bifurcation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3 patients (2 men and 1 woman) underwent radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. All the procedures were completed successfully. All patients underwent extracorporeal urinary diversion by way of extension of the umbilical port site. The operative time was 315 ± 40 minutes, and the blood loss was minimal (217 ± 29 mL). The pathologic evaluation revealed negative margins and negative lymph node involvement (mean number of nodes 16 ± 3). All patients were discharged within 1 week (6 ± 1 days) with minimal postoperative pain according to the visual analog pain scale (0-1 of 10). At a minimum of 2 years of follow-up (range 24-26 months), no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is feasible and safe for select patients. Adequate lymph node dissection was possible through a single multichannel port. The long-term oncologic evaluation of these patients awaits; however, the preliminary outcomes have been promising.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. kaoukj@ccf.org
authors.forename: Jihad H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kaouk
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Wesley M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autorino
authors.forename: Georges-Pascal
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010388:Pelvis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion