title: Transmission dynamics of rabies in China over the last 40 years: 1969-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rabies is a serious reemerging zoonosis in China. The molecular evolution and transmission patterns of rabies virus inferred from historical data can provide guidelines for better disease control and prevention in the future.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of the rabies virus in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The molecular evolution of 132 viral glycoprotein gene sequences of Chinese rabies viruses collected in 17 provinces and 3 municipalities between 1969 and 2009 was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chinese rabies viruses are subdivided into 6 lineages (A-F) within Lyssavirus genotype 1. Lineage A represents the widely dispersed cosmopolitan lineage while lineage B is closely related to Arctic-like rabies viruses. The remaining lineages (C-F) are typical of those circulating across much of Southeast Asia. The evolutionary rate for Chinese rabies virus was 1.532 x 10(-4) substitutions per site per year, and the corresponding common ancestor was in about 1115.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phylogeographic structure demonstrated Chinese rabies viruses have been transmitted intra-provincially and extra-provincially due to human-related activities.
authors.affiliation: Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Gelin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xianfu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nadin-Davis
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dingming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guanmu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011818:Rabies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C064951:glycoprotein G, Rabies virus