title: Kurt Semm: A laparoscopic crusader.
abstract: A brief biography of Kurt Semm, the pioneer of laparoscopic appendectomy and inventor of various laparoscopic instruments are done, with special reference to his struggle to establish the foundation of minimally invasive surgery amongst his contemporary surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Subham Hospital and Diagnostic Centre, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya