title: Ultrasonographic backscatter of the carotid artery wall in patients with HIV infection: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to measure carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and risk factors associated with its development and progression, and to evaluate arterial wall characteristics through integrated backscatter analysis (IBS) in HIV patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perspective cohort study enrolling 44 HIV patients treated with antiretroviral drugs who underwent standard B Mode cIMT measurement and tissue characterization of carotid wall by means of dedicated software by acoustic densitometry, at time 0 and 2 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional evaluation performed at baseline found that cIMT value correlated significantly with age (r = 0.42, p = 0.005) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.31, p = 0.04). No correlation was found between cIMT and CD4, HIV-RNA, triglycerides or total cholesterol. There was no difference between the group with versus the group with no protease inhibitors treatment. cIMT progression during 2 years of observation was statistically significant (median, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.005, 0-0.031). No correlation was found between IBS and duration of disease and kind of therapy, whereas a significant association was found between cIMT and IBS (r = 0.33, p = 0.03). No noticeable changes of IBS were observed during 2 years observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classic risk factors greatly affect cIMT than time of HIV infection, duration of antiretroviral therapy exposure and use of protease inhibitors. IBS is a promising technique for the evaluation of arterial wall composition in HIV patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine Milano Bicocca University and San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy. cristina.giannattasio@unimib.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannattasio
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Failla
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Squillace
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dolara
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabbatini
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandera
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Facchetti
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dozio
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography