title: Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and histological assessment of low-level laser therapy in experimental myopathy.
abstract: The objective of the present work was to study the effect of helium-neon (He-Ne) and gallium-arsenide (Ga-As) laser upon inflammatory biomarkers associated with oxidative stress: fibrinogen, nitric oxide (NO), L-citrulline, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These were evaluated through histological assessment, in rats with experimental myopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The groups studied were: (A) control, (B) injured, (C) injured and treated with He-Ne laser, (D) injured and treated with Ga-As laser, (E) irradiated with He-Ne; and (F) irradiated with Ga-As laser. Myopathy was induced by injecting 0.05 mg/rat/day of adrenaline in the left posterior limb muscle at the same point on 5 consecutive days, in groups B, C, and D. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied with 9.5 J/cm(2) daily for 7 consecutive days with each laser. The determination of the biomarkers was made by spectrophotometry. The muscles (5/8, single blinded) were stained with Gomori Trichrome and examined by optic microscopy. The quantitative variables were statistically analyzed by the Fisher's test and categorical data by the Axionvision 4.8 program. Pearson's chi-squared test was applied, setting significant difference at P < 0.05 for all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group B, the biomarkers were significantly increased compared to the other groups (P < 0.001), except for NO which in group B decreased significantly (P < 0.001). In group B, there was a higher inflammatory infiltration level (80.67%) in relation to destroyed fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LLLT caused significant changes in inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress: decreased levels of fibrinogen, L-citrulline and SOD as opposed to the increase of NO in rats with experimental myopathies and significant muscle recovery.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Servetto
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cremonezzi
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simes
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Vilma R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Campana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002956:Citrulline / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002956:Citrulline; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase