title: Age and sex differences, and changing trends, in the use of evidence-based therapies in acute coronary syndromes: perspectives from a multinational registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A limited number of studies have examined the age and sex differences, and potentially changing trends, in cardiac medication and procedure use in patients hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from a large multinational study, we examined the age and sex differences, and changing trends (1999-2007) therein, in the hospital use of evidence-based therapies in patients hospitalized with an ACS using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (n=50 096).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for several variables, in comparison with men below 65 years, patients in other age-sex strata had a significantly lower odds of receiving aspirin [odds ratios (ORs) for men 65-74, 75-84, and >or=85 years, women <65, 65-74, 75-84, and >or=85 years were 0.86, 0.84, 0.72, 0.80, 0.86, 0.68 and 0.46, respectively], angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ORs, 1.08, 1.01, 0,71, 0.83, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.63), beta blockers (ORs, 0.66, 0.52, 0.53, 0.67, 0.54, 0.53, and 0.52), statins (ORs, 0.72, 0.49, 0.29, 0.82, 0.68, 0.44, and 0.22), and undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery or a percutaneous coronary intervention (ORs, 0.79, 0.53, 0.21, 0.64, 0.57, 0.38, and 0.13) during their acute hospitalization. Age and sex differences in the receipt of these therapies remained relatively unchanged during the period under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were increasing trends in the use of evidence-based medications and cardiac procedures over time, important gaps in the utilization of effective cardiac treatment modalities persist in elderly patients and younger women.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Hoa L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Keith A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Enrique P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gurfinkel
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quill
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000639:trends; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000639:trends; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005060:Europe; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000639:trends*; D009520:New Zealand; D009656:North America; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013020:South America; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin