title: Exposure to lipopolysaccharide induces immune genes in cultured preadipocytes of Atlantic salmon.
abstract: In addition to its central role of energy storage and release, white adipose tissue (WAT) performs complex endocrine and immune activities. WAT produces physiologically active secretory proteins, including cytokines and complement factors. Furthermore, treatment of mammalian adipocytes with cytokines and inflammatory stimulators induces immune genes, suppresses regulators of adipocyte differentiation and activates lipolysis. Previously we reported up-regulation of immune genes in the course of in vitro development of Atlantic salmon white adipocytes. If WAT is immunoactive tissue in fish, excessive deposition of fat resulting from lipid-rich diets may imply risk for health of farmed fish. In this paper we investigated how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects immune activity in the adipose tissue-derived stromo-vascular fraction (aSVF) of Atlantic salmon. Experiments were performed with confluent cultures of proliferating preadipocytes. Exposure to LPS induced expression of immune genes, including TNFalpha and TNF-dependent genes, chemokines and receptors, NFkappaB related genes, matrix metalloproteinases and genes involved in eicosanoid metabolism. LPS decreased expression of adipocyte markers and genes involved in lipid metabolism, however, in parallel, it accelerated a number of transcriptional events that take place during the adipogenic differentiation of aSVF.
authors.affiliation: Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 5010, As NO-1430, Norway. stanko.skugor@nofima.no
authors.forename: Stanko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skugor
authors.forename: Adrijana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skugor
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todorcević
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruyter
authors.forename: Aleksei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasnov
mesh_terms: D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000276:immunology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D015777:Eicosanoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases