title: Determination of biocides and pesticides by on-line solid phase extraction coupled with mass spectrometry and their behaviour in wastewater and surface water.
abstract: This study focused on the input of hydrophilic biocides into the aquatic environment and on the efficiency of their removal in conventional wastewater treatment by a mass flux analysis. A fully automated method consisting of on-line solid phase extraction coupled to LC-ESI-MS/MS was developed and validated for the simultaneous trace determination of different biocidal compounds (1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (BIT), 3-Iodo-2-propynylbutyl-carbamate (IPBC), irgarol 1051 and 2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolinone (octhilinone, OIT), carbendazim, diazinon, diuron, isoproturon, mecoprop, terbutryn and terbutylazine) and pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole) in wastewater and surface water. In the tertiary effluent, the highest average concentrations were determined for mecoprop (1010 ng/L) which was at comparable levels as the pharmaceuticals diclofenac (690 ng/L) and sulfamethoxazole (140 ng/L) but 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the other biocidal compounds. Average eliminations for all compounds were usually below 50%. During rain events, increased residual amounts of biocidal contaminants are discharged to receiving surface waters.
authors.affiliation: Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaus
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lück
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hollender
authors.forename: Alfredo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alder
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical