title: Characteristics of associated reactions in people with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between associated reactions and a) spasticity, b) contracture and c) coordination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associated reactions were measured as magnitude of muscle activity in the affected limb during a 50% maximum voluntary contraction of muscles in the unaffected limb. Spasticity was measured as hyper-reflexia during passive muscle stretch, coordination as performance during a tracking task, and contracture as loss of range of motion. Chi-square analysis was used to examine the association between associated reactions and spasticity, and linear regression to examine the relationship between associated reactions and spasticity, coordination and contracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three people with hemiplegic cerebral palsy aged from 15 to 47 years (mean [SD]: 29 years [9]) participated. Thirteen participants exhibited spasticity, and six participants exhibited associated reactions. Five of the six participants with associated reactions also had spasticity (χ2=2.37, p=0.12). Associated reactions were highly correlated with spasticity (r=0.77, p=0.001), but not with contracture (r=0.35, p=0.29) or coordination (r=-0.31, p=0.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although 27% of participants exhibited associated reactions, and these were mostly small, associated reactions appear to be an expression of spasticity in hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiotherapy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ada
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coulson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003286:Contracture; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D012018:Reflex; D055815:Young Adult