title: Fast transformation of glucose and di-/polysaccharides into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by microwave heating in an ionic liquid/catalyst system.
abstract: An efficient method for converting glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), in the presence of CrCl3 catalyst, is developed by using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride as solvent. A 5-HMF yield of 71 % is achieved in 30 s for 96 % glucose conversion with microwave heating at 140 °C. The activation energy of glucose conversion is determined to be 114.6 kJ mol(-1), with a pre-exponential factor of 3.5 x 10(14) min(-1). Fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, and cellulose are studied and 5-HMF yields of 54 % are obtained for cellulose conversion at 150 °C during 10 min of reaction time. Recycling of the ionic liquid and CrCl3 is demonstrated with six cycles of use.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China. qixinhua@scf.che.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Taku M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002482:Cellulose; D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D008872:Microwaves; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D004187:Disaccharides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011134:Polysaccharides; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D002482:Cellulose; C017133:chromous chloride; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose