title: Adrenal glands in hypovolemic shock: preservation of contrast enhancement at dynamic computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate contrast enhancement effects of the adrenal glands at dynamic computed tomography (CT) in adult severe trauma patients with hypovolemic shock in comparison with patients without hypovolemic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study population included a total of 74 patients with (n = 24) and without (n = 50) blunt trauma and hypovolemic shock. Measurement of CT attenuation values of the adrenal gland and calculation of the enhancement washout percentages were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD CT attenuation values of the adrenal glands in the arterial phase of dynamic CT in patients with hypovolemic shock (137.3 +/- 41.7 Hounsfield unit [HU]) were not significantly different (P = 0.16) from those in control subjects (127.3 +/- 19.6 HU). The mean CT attenuation values of the adrenal glands in the delayed phase of dynamic CT in patients with hypovolemic shock (82.0 +/- 14.7 HU) were also not significantly different (P = 0.89) from those in control subjects (82.4 +/- 10.0 HU). The mean percentage (35%) of enhancement washout of the adrenal glands in patients with hypovolemic shock was not significantly different (P = 0.81) from that (34%) in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast enhancement effects of the adrenal glands at contrast-enhanced dynamic CT in patients with hypovolemic shock were similar to those in control subjects, indicating the preserved enhancement and perfusion of the adrenal gland rather than intense and persistent enhancement in patients with hypovolemic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan. itokatsuyoshi2007@rhythm.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanki
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007479:Iopamidol; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications; D012769:Shock / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007479:Iopamidol