title: Smoking and matrix metalloproteinases, neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate possible relationship between smoking and serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-8,-9 (MMP-8, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients relative to periodontally healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from 111 subjects before initiation of any periodontal intervention. Fifty-five CP patients (39 non-smokers, 16 smokers) and 56 periodontally healthy subjects (39 non-smokers, 17 smokers) were recruited. Serum concentrations of MMP-8 were determined by IFMA and MPO, MMP-9, TIMP-1, NE concentrations by ELISA. ANCOVA and Pearson correlation analysis was utilized for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum MPO, NE concentrations were higher in smoker CP than non-smoker CP patients (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively), whereas these were similar in smoker, non-smoker periodontally healthy groups (P > 0.05). TIMP-1 concentration was higher in non-smoker CP than smoker CP group (P<0.05). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were higher in smoker CP than non-smoker CP group (P=0.01). MMP-8 concentrations, MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in CP group were not significantly different from those in periodontally healthy group (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings of significantly elevated serum MMP-9, MPO, NE together with decreased TIMP-1 in smoker CP patients than non-smokers support that smoking together with periodontal destruction may expose/predispose to cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. ozgunozcaka@yahoo.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozçaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Biçakci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pussinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Köse
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D009195:Peroxidase; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9