title: Interferon-β modulates type 1 immunity during influenza virus infection.
abstract: Influenza viruses are important human pathogens, associated throughout history with worldwide outbreaks and pandemics. The antiviral effects of interferon (IFN)-αs/β against influenza virus infections are well recognized, yet the mechanisms whereby IFNs exert their immunomodulatory effects on an anti-influenza response remain ill-defined. Here, we describe the effects of IFN-β treatment on the immune response during a respiratory influenza (A/WSN/33) A virus infection of mice. A single dose of IFN-β (1×10(5)U) enhanced DC migration into the draining lymph node (DLN) on day 3 post-intranasal infection, and subsequently inhibited the migration from the lungs into the DLN of a newly identified late activator antigen-presenting cell population associated with type 2 immunity, LAPC. IFN-β treatment polarized the immune response towards a type 1 immune response, eliciting enhanced T(H)1 effector and cytolytic T cell responses, but diminished T(H)2 effector T cell responses in both the DLN and lung tissues of influenza virus-infected mice. Associated with the polarization towards a type 1 immune response, IFN-β treatment of mice resulted in accelerated viral clearance and diminished pulmonary eosinophilia in infected lung tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jae-Kwang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Darren P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Eleanor N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Fish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D056747:Immunomodulation; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D016899:Interferon-beta