title: Thromboxane synthase suppression induces lung cancer cell apoptosis via inhibiting NF-κB.
abstract: Accumulating evidence shows that the inhibition of thromboxane synthase (TXS) induced apoptosis in cancer cells. TXS inhibitor 1-Benzylimidzole (1-BI) can trigger apoptosis in lung cancer cells but the mechanism is not fully defined. In this study, lung cancer cells were treated with 1-BI. In this study, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured and NF-κB activity was determined in human lung cancer cells. The roles of ROS and NF-κB in 1-BI-mediated cell death were analyzed. The results showed that 1-BI induced ROS generation but decreased the activity of NF-κB by reducing phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα) and inhibiting the translocation of p65 into the nucleus. In contrast to 1-BI, antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) stimulated cell proliferation and significantly protected the cells from 1-BI-mediated cell death by neutralizing ROS. Collectively, apoptosis induced by 1-BI is associated with the over-production of ROS and the reduction of NF-κB. Antioxidants can significantly block the inhibitory effect of 1-BI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kin Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Ming-Yue
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Billy C S
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Michael K Y
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hsin
authors.forename: Tony S K
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C416282:BAY 11-7085; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D009570:Nitriles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013450:Sulfones; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C017062:1-benzylimidazole; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase; D000111:Acetylcysteine