title: Mother's anxiety and depression during the third pregnancy trimester and neonate's mother versus stranger's face/voice visual preference.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonates show visual preference for their mother's face/voice and shift their attention from their mother to a stranger's face/voice after habituation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess neonate's mother versus stranger's face/voice visual preference, namely mother's anxiety and depression during the third pregnancy trimester and neonate's: 1) visual preference for the mother versus the stranger's face/voice (pretest visual preference), 2) habituation to the mother's face/voice and 3) visual preference for the stranger versus the mother's face/voice (posttest visual preference).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers (N=100) filled out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) both at the third pregnancy trimester and childbirth, and the "preference and habituation to the mother's face/voice versus stranger" paradigm was administered to their newborn 1 to 5 days after childbirth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonates of anxious/depressed mothers during the third pregnancy trimester contrarily to neonates of non-anxious/non-depressed mothers did not look 1) longer at their mother's than at the stranger's face/voice at the pretest visual preference (showing no visual preference for the mother), nor 2) longer at the stranger's face/voice in the posttest than in the pretest visual preference (not improving their attention to the stranger's after habituation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants exposed to mother's anxiety/depression at the third gestational trimester exhibit less perceptual/social competencies at birth.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. bbfi@iep.uminho.pt
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult