title: Liquid silicone to mitigate plantar pedal pressure: a literature review.
abstract: Disruption of the body's plantar fat pad can occur as a result of one of three mechanisms: simple fat pad atrophy associated with age-related degeneration, steroid use, or collagen vascular disease. Actual or relative displacement in to the underlying osseous prominences may be seen in association with structural deformity of the foot. Disease states such as diabetes may alter the normal structural integrity of soft tissues through nonenzymatic glycation leading to increased stiffness and thus reduced attenuating capacity. Fat pad atrophy, regardless of the cause, is often associated with substantial emotional, physical, productivity, and financial losses. In situations where the patient is sensate, the resultant skin on bone situation is extremely painful, especially when walking.
authors.affiliation: Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Diabetes Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. frank.bowling@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Bowling
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Andrew J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Boulton
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D012828:Silicones / Q000633:toxicity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones; C078211:polymethylsiloxane