title: Premarin improves outcomes of spinal cord injury in male rats through stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain whether Premarin improves spinal cord injury outcomes in male rats by stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi Mei Medical Center research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats 240-258 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized rats, after the onset of spinal cord injury, were divided into two groups and given the vehicle solution (1 mL/kg of body weight) or Premarin (1 mg/kg of body weight). Saline or Premarin solutions were administered intravenously and immediately after spinal cord injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Premarin (an estrogen sulfate) causes attenuation of spinal cord injury-induced spinal cord infarction and hind limb locomotor dysfunction. Spinal cord injury-induced apoptosis as well as activated inflammation was also significantly Premarin-reduced. In injured spinal cord, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and production of an antiinflammatory cytokine were all Premarin therapy-promoted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that Premarin therapy may protect against spinal cord apoptosis after spinal cord injury through mechanisms stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis in male rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. 891201@mail.chimei.org.tw
authors.forename: Sheng-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chao-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Mike Yang-Sheng
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chieh-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chin-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Fong-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jhi-Joung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase