title: Clinical review: Thyroid hormone therapy for postoperative nonthyroidal illnesses: a systematic review and synthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effects of thyroid hormone therapy on postoperative morbidity and mortality in adults remain controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to conduct a systematic review evaluating effects and risks of postoperative T(3) therapy in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases and reference lists through March 2010 were searched.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies with comparable control groups comparing T(3) to placebo therapy in randomized controlled trials were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently screened and reviewed titles, abstracts, and articles. Data were abstracted from 14 randomized controlled trials (13 cardiac surgery and one renal transplantation). In seven studies, iv T(3) was given in high doses (0.175-0.333 μg/kg · h) for 6 to 9 h, in four studies iv T(3) was given in low doses (0.0275-0.0333 μg/kg · h for 14 to 24 h), and in three studies T(3) was given orally in variable doses and durations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both high- and low-dose iv T(3) therapy increased cardiac index after coronary artery bypass surgery. Mortality was not significantly altered by high-dose iv T(3) therapy and could not be assessed for low-dose iv or oral T(3). Effects on systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, new onset atrial fibrillation, inotrope use, serum TSH and T(4) were inconclusive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numbers of usable unique studies and group sizes were small. Duration of T(3) therapy was short, and dosages and routes of administration varied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short duration postoperative iv T(3) therapy increases cardiac index and does not alter mortality. Effects on other parameters are inconclusive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. ekaptein@usc.edu
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kaptein
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine