title: Combined effects of serum trace metals and polymorphisms of CYP1A1 or GSTM1 on non-small cell lung cancer: a hospital based case-control study in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The limited information for effects of serum trace elements and genetic polymorphisms on lung cancer is available. Based on a hospital based case-control study, the epidemiological questionnaires were completed by face to face interview, and the gene polymorphisms were tested by RFLP-PCR, and serum trace metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the data was analyzed by the logistic regressive models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high serum copper level (>1500 ng/ml) or serum copper/zinc ratio (>1) was the risk factors of NSCLC (OR=3.10, 11.03, respectively), but the ORs of the higher serum Zn (>1200 ng/ml), Se (>50 ng/ml) or Cr(3+) (>600 ng/ml) for NSCLC were all significantly less than 0.20 (all p<0.01) indicating strong protection against NSCLC. While the OR of CYP 1A1 variants carriers with a higher serum Cu or Cu/Zn ratio level was around 3.38 and 12.59, respectively, the risk of CYP1A1 variants carriers with a higher serum Zn is 0.18, Se 0.04 or Cr(3+) 0.28. Similarly, compared with the carriers of GSTM1 power with a lower serum Zn, Se or Cr(3+), the OR of the carriers of GSTM1 null with a higher serum Zn, Se and Cr(3+) was separately 0.16, 0.07 and 0.26, highlighting the protection against NSCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that CYP1A1 or GSTM1 variants may significantly modify the associations between level of serum trace metals (Cu, Zn, Se or Cr) and NSCLC, indicating the intriguing pathogenesis of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine or Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. jinedu@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Yongtang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chenye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shaoli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yasong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yunming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D014131:Trace Elements