title: [Causes of deaths of children with malignant tumors during hospitalization in a single center].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the main causes of deaths and the influencing factors in children with malignant tumors in the hospital, explore the possible way to improve the treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of 84 patients with malignant tumors who died during hospitalization in the Department of Hematology/Oncology from June 1999 to December 2008 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Major causes of deaths and their influencing factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Treatment related complications which occurred in 73 cases (86.9%) were the leading cause of death, including infection-related death which was the most common cause of 51 cases (60.7%), hemorrhage-related death occurred in up to 28 cases (33.3%), and acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) related death occurred in 2 cases (2.4%), graft versus host disease (GVHD) related death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation occurred in 4 cases (4.8%). Moreover, primary diseases related death occurred in 30 cases (35.7%). (2) In this group, there were no significant differences in treatment phases when the death occurred among patients with leukemia (56 cases), lymphoma (9 cases) and other non-hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors (7 cases, chi(2) = 4.784, P = 0.310). (3) The infection related death increased significantly when WBC count was lower than 1.0 x 10(9)/L, which is totally different from those whose WBC was higher than or equal to 1.0 x 10(9)/L (chi(2) = 25.486, P < 0.001). (4) Twenty-six cases were detected to be infected with definite pathogens; different pathogens were identified 36 times in the 26 patients. Gram-negative bacteria (15/36, 41.7%) were the most common pathogens, followed by fungal organisms (14/36, 38.9%) and gram-positive bacteria (7/36, 19.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of cancer therapy related complications in children with malignant tumors. Infection was the leading cause of death, gram-negative bacteria and fungi were predominating pathogens. Application of effective antibiotics and combined antifungal drugs timely, especially in the remission induction or first chemotherapy period as well as in the period of neutropenia, may reduce mortality of children with malignant tumors significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Long-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hui-liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ci
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Shu-hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qi-dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chang-ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality*