title: Long-term effects of conjugated equine estrogen therapies on domain-specific cognitive function: results from the Women's Health Initiative study of cognitive aging extension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether small decrements in global cognitive function that conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) therapies have been shown to produce in older women persist after cessation and extend to specific cognitive domains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen clinical centers of the Women's Health Initiative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand three hundred four women aged 65 to 80 free of probable dementia at enrollment.
  
  
  METHODS
  CEE 0.625 mg/d with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 10 mg/d) and matching placebos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual administrations of a battery of cognitive tests during and after the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assignment to CEE-based therapies was associated with small mean relative decrements in global cognitive function and several domain-specific cognitive functions during the trial, which largely persisted through up to 4 years after the trial. The strongest statistical evidence was for global cognitive function (0.07-standard deviation decrements during (P=.007) and after (P=.01) the trial. For domain-specific scores, the mean decrements were slightly smaller, were less significant, and tended to be larger for CEE-alone therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEE-based therapies, when initiated after the age of 65, produce a small broad-based decrement in cognitive function that persists after their use is stopped, but the differences in cognitive function are small and would not be detectable or have clinical significance for an individual woman. Differences in effects between cognitive domains suggest that more than one mechanism may be involved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. mespelan@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Laura H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legault
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Granek
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D057239:Early Termination of Clinical Trials; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011581:Psychological Tests
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); C466383:Prempro; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate