title: Synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives as photosensitizing agents.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employing exogenous photosensitizers is currently being approved for treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). 2-(4-Aminophenyl)benzothiazoles (6) consist of chromophoric structure and absorb light in the UVA (315-400 nm). These results encouraged us to design and synthesize a diversity of 2-phenylbenzothiazoles (6). Studies on the apoptotic mechanism involved in photosensitive effects induced by UVA-activated 6 in BCC cells are carried out in the present article. 6-UVA-treated cells displayed several features of apoptosis, including an increase in the sub-G1 population, a significantly increased annexin V binding, and activation of caspase-3. 6-UVA induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(mt)) and ATP via enhanced ROS generation and promoted phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK expression. These results suggest that 6-UVA elicits photosensitive effects in mitochondria processes which involve ERK and p38 activation, and ultimately lead to BCC cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yin-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chao-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Hsin-Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yi-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shu-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Feng-Yuan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ho-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Long-Sen
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jeh-Jeng
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C111133:2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents