title: α-enolase autoantibodies cross-reactive to viral proteins in a mouse model of biliary atresia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal cholangiopathy of unknown etiology. The bile duct injury that occurs in patients with BA might result from a hepatobiliary viral infection followed by an autoimmune response against the bile duct epithelia. We aimed to identify autoantigens recognized by serum antibodies in the Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced mouse model of BA; findings were correlated with BA in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bile duct epithelial proteins were screened for their reactivity with serum antibodies from the mouse model of BA using immunoblot assays. Unique proteins that reacted with sera antibodies were identified by mass spectrometry and verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analyses. Candidate autoantibodies in BA patient sera were analyzed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A bile duct epithelial antigen that reacted strongly with serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G from the mouse model of BA was identified as α-enolase. α-Enolase autoantibody specificity was confirmed by ELISA and immunoblot analyses. Anti-RRV and anti-enolase antibodies cross-reacted with enolase and RRV proteins; we identified regions of sequence homology between RRV and enolase. Serum samples from patients with BA had increased levels of anti-enolase IgM and IgG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified autoantibodies against α-enolase in a mouse model of BA (infected with RRV) and in serum samples from patients, indicating a role of humoral autoimmunity in disease pathogenesis. The cross-reactivity between an anti-enolase antibody and RRV proteins indicates that molecular mimicry might activate humoral autoimmunity in BA patients; further studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. cara.mack@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Brandy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brindley
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Cherie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Cara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase