title: Complications of conventional scleral buckling occuring during and after treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and determine the frequency of the intra-operative and early postoperative complications of Conventional Scleral Buckling (CSB) as the primary surgical intervention in patients with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences (KIOMS), Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Hayatabad Medial Complex (HMC), Peshawar, from April 2005 to June 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive patients who underwent CSB and fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Operative details and any intra-operative complications were noted. The patients underwent another detailed clinical examination and pain assessment on the first postoperative day. All the patients were followed-up minimum for 3 months. Postoperative complications were identified and recorded. The data was analyzed on SPSS 12.0 for measures of central tendency and dispersion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 36 male and 14 female subjects. Mean age was 37.18 + or - 20.045 years. Encirclement (56%) was the most frequently used CSB technique. Sixteen (32%) patients had at least one intra-operative complication. Intra-operative complications were iatrogenic scleral break (2%), accidental Sub Retinal Fluid (SRF) drainage (8%), choroidal haemorrhage (2%), subretinal haemorrhage (14%), retinal incarceration (2%), vitreous haemorrhage (6%), raised (4%) or very low (2%), intra-operative IOP and hyphema (2%). Postoperative complications included systemic complications (24%), choroidal detachment (8%), vitreous haemorrahge (16%), raised IOP (22%), angle closure (2%), conjunctivitis (4%), orbital cellulitis (2%), suspected endophthalmitis (2%), ocular movement disorders (2%) and explant exposure (6%). Mean refractive change in spherical equivalent was -1.478 + or - 0.698 D. Final re-attachment rate was (82%) and final BCVA of > 6/60 was achieved in 62% of the subjects in the treated eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSB is a safe and effective option for treating uncomplicated RRD, but it is associated with certain complications. Sub-retinal bleed was the most common intra-operative complication. Raised IOP was most the common early postoperative complication followed by choroidal detachment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar.
authors.forename: Ayesha Sumera
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Sanaullah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Mohammad Saqib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Mohammad Tariq
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohammad Daud
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012591:Scleral Buckling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult