title: Parenteral 17beta-estradiol decreases fasting blood glucose levels in non-obese mice with short-term ovariectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  long-term ovariectomy-induced metabolic changes such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance might be caused directly by estrogen deficiency and may occur partly as secondary effects of obesity arising due to the orexigenic effects of estrogen deficiency. Long-term estrogen treatment prevented those by exerting anorexigenic and metabolic actions in ovariectomized mice. However, the effect of short-term estrogen treatment on glucose metabolism in mice with short-term ovariectomy, during which ovariectomy-induced obesity does not develop, is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term parenteral 17beta-estradiol treatment on glucose metabolism and blood glucose levels in mice at 2 weeks after ovariectomy, a time period during which ovariectomy-induced obesity does not develop.
  
  
  METHODS
  we examined the effect of three 17beta-estradiol injections on fasting blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, components of the insulin signaling pathway, AMPK activation, and the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissues of non-obese C57BL/6N mice with short-term ovariectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  three 17beta-estradiol injections decreased the fasting blood glucose levels, activated AMPK, and decreased the expression of gluconeogenic genes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α in the liver. But three 17beta-estradiol injections did not affect insulin sensitivity and the components of the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  short-term parenteral 17beta-estradiol treatment decreases the fasting blood glucose levels not via insulin sensitivity of the skeletal muscle in non-obese mice with short-term ovariectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Ok-Soon
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ki-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Haing-Woon
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: Min Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seong-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004967:Estrogens; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; D052243:Resistin; C499623:Retn protein, mouse; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D004958:Estradiol; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase