title: Preparation, fabrication and biocompatibility of novel injectable temperature-sensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate/collagen hydrogels.
abstract: This paper introduces a novel type of injectable temperature-sensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate/collagen (C/GP/Co) hydrogel that possesses great biocompatibility for the culture of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The C/GP/Co hydrogel is prepared by mixing 2.2% (v/v) chitosan with 50% (w/w) β-glycerophosphate at different proportions and afterwards adding 2 mg/ml of collagen. The gelation time of the prepared solution at 37°C was found to be of around 12 min. The inner structure of the hydrogel presented a porous spongy structure, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the osmolality of the medium in contact with the hydrogel was in the range of 310-330 mmol kg(-1). These analyses have shown that the C/GP/Co hydrogels are structurally feasible for cell culture, while their biocompatibility was further examined. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded into the developed C/GP and C/GP/Co hydrogels (The ratios of C/GP and C/GP/Co were 5:1 and 5:1:6, respectively), and the cellular growth was periodically observed under an inverted microscope. The proliferation of ADSCs was detected using cck-8 kits, while cell apoptosis was determined by a Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity kit. After 7 days of culture, cells within the C/GP/Co hydrogels displayed a typical adherent cell morphology and good proliferation with very high cellular viability. It was thus demonstrated that the novel C/GP/Co hydrogel herein described possess excellent cellular compatibility, representing a new alternative as a scaffold for tissue engineering, with the added advantage of being a gel at the body's temperature that turns liquid at room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. kedongsong@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Kedong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Tianqing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hugo M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Xuehu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhanfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D050156:Adipogenesis; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007267:Injections; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013696:Temperature; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D020100:Hydrogels; D003094:Collagen; D048271:Chitosan