Protective effects of the immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 on chemotherapeutic agent-induced macrophage growth inhibition.
BACKGROUND
The immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) is an edible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from symbiotic bacteria found in crops. IP-PA1 is known to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression; therefore, its macrophage-activating effect in the presence of chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated.


METHODS
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in IP-PA1-treated RAW264 and J774.1 cells was examined using Western blot analyses; Griess assay and ELISA were used to examine the production of nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor alpha, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was also assessed using Western blot analyses. The effect of IP-PA1 on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after annexin-V staining. The growth of macrophages treated with chemotherapeutic agents and IP-PA1 was analyzed using an MTT assay.


RESULTS
IP-PA1 activated NF-kappaB and ameliorated chemotherapy induced growth inhibition in the cells.


CONCLUSIONS
IP-PA1 is an edible drug that can potentially support chemotherapy by ameliorating chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
Hebishima
Takehisa
T
Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0859, Japan.
Matsumoto
Yasunobu
Y
Watanabe
Gen
G
Soma
Gen-ichiro
G
Kohchi
Chie
C
Taya
Kazuyoshi
K
Hayashi
Yoshihiro
Y
Hirota
Yoshikazu
Y
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D020636:Pantoea / Q000737:chemistry*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000032:analysis
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein