title: A case of sympathetic ophthalmia presenting with extraocular symptoms and conjunctival pigmentation after repeated 23-gauge vitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia presenting with extraocular symptoms after 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 29-year-old woman underwent 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy for spontaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye. After vitrectomy, dense conjunctival pigmentations developed around the sclerotomy sites. One month after the second vitrectomy for a recurred retinal detachment, she presented with decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia in both eyes, headache, tinnitus, and facial swelling. She was diagnosed with sympathetic ophthamia and treated with oral prednisolone and cyclosporine. Her visual acuity and symptoms improved after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sympathetic ophthalmia can occur after 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and conjunctival pigmentation may be the preceding sign.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Se Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Jeeyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kyu Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009879:Ophthalmia, Sympathetic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone