title: A phase II trial and pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin in children with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platinating agents are used in the treatment of a spectrum of childhood cancers. Oxaliplatin, a third generation platinum compound, may provide less toxicity and be more effective. A phase 2 study was performed to estimate the response rate to single agent oxaliplatin in patients with refractory pediatric solid tumors, and to further describe the toxicities and pharmacokinetics of the drug in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects, < or =21 years of age at original diagnosis, received oxaliplatin (130 mg/m(2)) intravenously every 21 days. Prior platinum exposure was acceptable. Histologies included: Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, high and low grade astrocytoma, brain stem glioma, ependymoma, hepatoblastoma and selected rare tumors. A two-stage design, enrolling 10 + 10 subjects, was used for each disease stratum. Limited sampling pharmacokinetic studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 124 eligible subjects (75 males), 113 were evaluable for response and 69 (62%) had received platinum previously. Only one objective response was observed, a partial response in a 6-year-old child with ependymoma. An additional 13 subjects with various other solid tumors had stable disease, receiving a median (range) of 13.5 (2-17) cycles. Five subjects completed 17 treatment cycles. Thrombocytopenia was the most common toxicity observed. The median (range) terminal half-life and clearance for ultrafiltrable platinum were 293 (187-662 hr) and 14.0 (1.9-24.9 L/hr/m(2)), respectively (n = 49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although reasonably well tolerated, oxaliplatin administered as a single agent has limited activity in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Zeis Children's Cancer Center, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, North Carolina 28803, USA. orren.beaty@msj.org
authors.forename: Orren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaney
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malogolowkin
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krailo
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaiquevich
authors.forename: Clinton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Zhengjia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: S Percy
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ivy
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin