title: Endolymphatic pseudohydrops of the cochlear apex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that what appears to be endolymphatic hydrops of the apical scala media is normal anatomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlear apex and tabulation of the number of cases with arched Reissner's membranes (pseudohydrops) versus flat membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temporal bone laboratory consisting of 809 documented pairs of temporal bones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival temporal bone sections from 107 bones (65 patients) were used to determine the percentage of arched (pseudohydrops) versus flat Reissner's membranes. Two bones, one of each membrane shape, were randomly selected for computer-generated three-dimensional reconstructions showing the cochlear apical anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An arched Reissner's membrane was found in 48.6 percent of bones. In the cochlear apex, Reissner's membrane appears to be distended, simulating hydrops, due to its transition from a conical structure to a triangle bounded by the basilar membrane with the organ of Corti, the stria vascularis, and Reissner's membrane. Membrane findings were similar in both ears in 73.8 percent of the bilateral cases studied. There were no significant relationships between membrane type and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  What appears to be endolymphatic hydrops of the cochlear apex is the transition area of the cochlear duct from a conical shape at the extreme apex to the triangular shape found in the rest of the cochlea. The appearance of distension is dependent upon the cochlear length and the level of the microscopic section.
authors.affiliation: House Ear Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makarem
authors.forename: Jose N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Fred H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Linthicum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003051:Cochlea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018159:Endolymphatic Hydrops / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D012984:Software; D013045:Species Specificity; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*