title: IL-1beta induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cell migration via a c-Src-dependent, growth factor receptor transactivation in A549 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression is regulated by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-kappaB. IL-1beta also stimulates transactivation of growth factor receptors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt., leading to the expression of inflammatory proteins. Here, we investigated whether these transactivation mechanisms participated in IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression in A549 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A549 cells were treated with/without pharmacological inhibitors and neutralizing antibody or transfected with dominant negative mutants and siRNA of particular protein kinases before stimulation with IL-1beta. Cell migration was measured by in vitro scratch assay. Expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-9 were analysed by Western blot and gelatin zymography. Transcriptional activity of MMP-9 was analysed by RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of MMP-9 expression by inhibitors of Src (PP1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and epithelial growth factor (EGF) receptor or transfection with siRNA for Src and Akt prevented IL-1beta-induced migration of A549 cells. These tyrosine kinases were involved through phosphorylation of Src, PDGF, or EGF receptors (EGFRs) via the formation of Src/PDGFR or Src/EGFR complexes, attenuated by PP1. IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression through EGFR transactivation was diminished by inhibitors of MMPs and heparin-binding EGF-like factor (HB-EGF), or a neutralizing HB-EGF antibody. IL-1beta-stimulated activation and translocation of Akt and NF-kappaB (p65); the recruitment of activated NF-kappaB (p65) to the MMP-9 promoter region was attenuated by LY294002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration was mediated through c-Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR/PDGFR/PI3K/Akt linking to the NF-kappaB pathway in A549 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chang-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsi-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chuen-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016391:Genes, src / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D008156:Luciferases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9