The decline of pneumococcal resistance after cessation of mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma.
After 6 biannual mass distributions of oral azithromycin for trachoma in Ethiopian communities, 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.3%-85.1%) of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children aged 1-5 years were resistant to macrolides. Twelve and 24 months after the last azithromycin treatment, resistance decreased to 30.6% (95% CI, 18.8%-40.4%; P <.001 ) and 20.8% (95% CI, 12.7%-30.7%; P < .001), respectively. Macrolide resistance decreases after antibiotic pressure is removed.
Haug
Sara
S
FI Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0944, USA.
Lakew
Takele
T
Habtemariam
Gabremaskal
G
Alemayehu
Wondu
W
Cevallos
Vicky
V
Zhou
Zhaoxia
Z
House
Jenafir
J
Ray
Kathryn
K
Porco
Travis
T
Rutar
Tina
T
Keenan
Jeremy
J
Lietman
Thomas M
TM
Gaynor
Bruce D
BD
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D014141:Trachoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents