title: Increasing water productivity on Vertisols: implications for environmental sustainability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The availability and quality of irrigation water have become a serious concern because of global climate change and an increased competition for water by industry, domestic users and the environment. Therefore, exploring environmentally friendly water-saving irrigation strategies is essential for achieving food and environmental security. In northern Ethiopia, where traditional furrow irrigation is widely practiced, water mismanagement and its undesirable environmental impact are rampant. A 2-year field study was undertaken to compare the traditional irrigation management with surge and deficit irrigation practices on a Vertisol plot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results have shown that surge and deficit irrigation practices increase water productivity by 62% and 58%, respectively, when compared to traditional management. The study also found out that these practices reduce the adverse environmental impacts (waterlogging and salinity) of traditional management by minimizing deep percolation and tail water losses. Total irrigation depth was reduced by 12% (for surge) and 27% (for deficit) when compared to traditional management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, the study concluded that surge and deficit irrigation technologies not only improve water productivity but also enhance environmental sustainability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA. MJiru@coppin.edu
authors.forename: Mintesinot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiru
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Ranst
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D002980:Climate; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005002:Ethiopia; D054712:Salinity; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water