title: Tropheryma whipplei bacteremia during fever in rural West Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tropheryma whipplei not only causes Whipple disease but also is an emerging pathogen associated with gastroenteritis and pneumonia that is commonly detected in stool samples in rural West Africa. We investigated the role of T. whipplei in febrile patients from rural Senegal who had a negative test result for malaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 2008 through July 2009, we conducted a prospective study in 2 Senegalese villages; 204 blood specimens from febrile patients were collected. DNA extraction of whole-blood samples collected by finger pricks with a lancet stick was performed in Senegal; elution and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for T. whipplei were performed in France. In April 2009, we conducted a screening to look for the presence of T. whipplei in the saliva and stools of the overall population. Blood from French patients with chronic T. whipplei in stool samples was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of T. whipplei DNA was detected in blood from 13 (6.4%) of 204 tested patients, mostly in children and in December and January. None of the French carriers tested positive. The patients with T. whipplei bacteremia presented with fever (13 patients), cough (10), thirst (8), fatigue (7), rhinorrhea (6), and sleep disorders (5). Cough and sleep disorders were significantly more frequent in febrile carriers than in the 191 febrile episodes without T. whipplei bacteremia (P = .002 and .005, respectively). No correlation was observed between the presence of T. whipplei in the stools and saliva and bacteremia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that T. whipplei is an agent of unexplained cold season fever with cough in rural West Africa.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, 1Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fenollar
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mediannikov
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Socolovschi
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bassene
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diatta
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richet
authors.forename: Adama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tall
authors.forename: Cheikh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sokhna
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Trape
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002353:Carrier State; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000382:microbiology*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D054851:Tropheryma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008061:Whipple Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial