title: Effects of change in rectal cancer management on outcomes in British Columbia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a province-wide audit of patients undergoing treatment for rectal cancer in British Columbia in 1996, the 4-year rate of pelvic recurrence for stage 3 rectal cancer was 27%. The management guidelines were changed in 2002 to include adjuvant short-course preoperative radiation and total mesorectal excision surgical techniques. Education workshops were held to implement the protocol change.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a provincial audit of rectal cancer cases for patients treated in the year after the protocol change, and we compared the pelvic recurrence rates with those from the audit performed in 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 12-month period beginning Oct. 1, 2003, a total of 367 patients underwent radical resection of rectal cancer with a curative intent. Preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 54% of cases (197/367). Median follow-up was 34.5 months, and 91% of patients were followed for at least 2 years. Relative to the 1996 cohort, there was a decreasing trend in 2-year overall pelvic recurrence rates in the 2003/04 cohort (9.6% v. 6.9%) and a significant decrease in recurrence among patients with stage 3 cancers (18.2% v. 9.2%; p = 0.020). Use of adjuvant radiation increased significantly (37% v. 65%; p < 0.001), and negative radial margins were achieved in 87% (319/367) of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rates of pelvic recurrence were improved after changes in the management guidelines advocating increased use of total mesorectal excision surgery and preoperative radiation. Knowledge translation with an integrated strategy among surgeons and medical and radiation oncologists was successful in improving population outcomes among patients with rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. tphang@providencehealth.bc.ca
authors.forename: P Terry
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Phang
authors.forename: Colleen E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McGahan
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: MacFarlane
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Manoj J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Raval
authors.forename: Rona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheifetz
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents