title: Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy in infants following cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience with the Angiojet thrombectomy system for percutaneous thrombectomy in infants following cardiac surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Arterial and venous thrombosis after pediatric cardiac surgery is life threatening, particularly in infants. The best method for treating these patients has not been determined. Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy (Possis Medical, Minneapolis, MN) is a percutaneous method of thrombus removal with proven safety and efficacy in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records and angiograms of all procedures in which Angiojet thrombectomy was used in infants following cardiac surgery at our institution during the years 2005 through 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten procedures were performed in eight infants. The procedure was performed a mean of 23 days from surgery. The mean age was 74 days with a mean weight of 4.3 kg. All patients had life or limb threatening thrombosis. Indications for thrombectomy included severe cyanosis, chronic pleural effusions secondary to extensive venous thrombosis, and acute iliac artery thrombosis. Thrombus was evacuated from pulmonary arteries in four patients, systemic veins in two patients, a surgical aorto-pulmonary shunt in two patients, and an iliac artery in one patient. Balloon angioplasty following thrombectomy was performed in eight procedures (80%), and stents were placed in addition to angioplasty in two procedures. All patients had significant improvement in flow across the affected area. There was one major complication and three minor complications with no procedural-related deaths. Survival to discharge from the hospital was 62.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiojet thrombectomy is an effective treatment for life-threatening postoperative thrombosis in infants following cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. gregory.fleming@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012212:Rheology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D013714:Tennessee; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*