title: The impact of hypertension and nicotine on the size of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of the study was to analyse retrospectively the impact of risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) on the size of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in order to identify variables that might influence the discrepancy between average sizes of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records and angiographies of 373 patients treated at our centre due to aneurysmal SAH between 2004 and December 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for SAH were correlated with exact measurement of aneurysm size using three-dimensional rotational digital subtraction angiographies (3D-DSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average maximum aneurysm diameter in patients with combined history of hypertension and cigarette smoking was 5.47±3.22 mm (95% CI 4.71 to 6.24); thus, significantly smaller (p<0.001) than in patients with hypertension only (6.27±3.28 mm, 95% CI 5.75 to 6.78), with cigarette smoking only (7.61±4.29 mm, 95% CI 6.43 to 8.79) and patients with no history for risk factors (8.08±4.73 mm, 95% CI 6.96 to 9.21). Odds ratio (OR) for aneurysm size less than 7 mm in patients with combined hypertension and cigarette smoking was 3.63 (95% CI 1.78 to 7.42), 3.09 (95% CI 1.95 to 4.92) in patients with hypertension only and 1.02 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.62) in patients with cigarette smoking only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present analysis demonstrates a distinct correlation between hypertension, smoking and the size of ruptured aneurysms in SAH patients. Arterial hypertension and cigarette smoking appear to destabilise cerebral aneurysms' growth. Our data strongly suggest that these factors should also be considered when treatment indications for small unruptured aneurysms are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. etminan@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Etminan
authors.forename: Kerim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beseoglu
authors.forename: Hans-Jakob
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Steiger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hänggi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000473:pathology*; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine