title: Vitamin D deficiency in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus is prevalent throughout the year.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D mediates immunomodulatory functions and its deficiency has been associated with an increased prevalence of immunological diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chronic discoid or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) are ultraviolet (UV)-triggered skin diseases. As vitamin D is mostly UV-derived and not from nutrition, its deficiency is frequent especially during the UV-deprived winter months.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the vitamin D status of patients with CLE with patients with type I allergy and healthy individuals during the summer or winter months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The vitamin D status of patients with CLE (n = 41) was compared with patients with type I allergy (n = 24), healthy individuals (n = 25) and a reference pool (n = 1951) by means of concentrations of circulating storage metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the summer and winter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were lower during the winter in the reference population, and type I allergic and healthy individuals (29.2–35.5 nmol L)1) compared with the summer months (56.3–89.8 nmol L)1) and paralleled by the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D< 50 nmol L)1; winter: 70.8–73.4%, summer: 34.9–39.4%). In contrast, vitamin D deficiency in patients with CLE was prevalent throughout the year (summer: 85.7%,winter: 97.1%). In patients with CLE with concomitant prednisolone treatment, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were comparable with (mean daily intake 877 IU) or without vitamin D supplementation during summer or winter (P = 0.75 and P = 0.14, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data identify vitamin D deficiency in patients with CLE throughout the year and indicate that monitoring and correcting the vitamin D status should be considered to prevent bone demineralization and fractures and to modulate beneficially immunological dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worm
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood*; D008178:Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D