title: Cross-species genomics matches driver mutations and cell compartments to model ependymoma.
abstract: Understanding the biology that underlies histologically similar but molecularly distinct subgroups of cancer has proven difficult because their defining genetic alterations are often numerous, and the cellular origins of most cancers remain unknown. We sought to decipher this heterogeneity by integrating matched genetic alterations and candidate cells of origin to generate accurate disease models. First, we identified subgroups of human ependymoma, a form of neural tumour that arises throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Subgroup-specific alterations included amplifications and homozygous deletions of genes not yet implicated in ependymoma. To select cellular compartments most likely to give rise to subgroups of ependymoma, we matched the transcriptomes of human tumours to those of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs), isolated from different regions of the CNS at different developmental stages, with an intact or deleted Ink4a/Arf locus (that encodes Cdkn2a and b). The transcriptome of human supratentorial ependymomas with amplified EPHB2 and deleted INK4A/ARF matched only that of embryonic cerebral Ink4a/Arf(-/-) NSCs. Notably, activation of Ephb2 signalling in these, but not other, NSCs generated the first mouse model of ependymoma, which is highly penetrant and accurately models the histology and transcriptome of one subgroup of human supratentorial tumour. Further, comparative analysis of matched mouse and human tumours revealed selective deregulation in the expression and copy number of genes that control synaptogenesis, pinpointing disruption of this pathway as a critical event in the production of this ependymoma subgroup. Our data demonstrate the power of cross-species genomics to meticulously match subgroup-specific driver mutations with cellular compartments to model and interrogate cancer subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poppleton
authors.forename: Kumarasamypet M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mohankumar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Stanley B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pounds
authors.forename: Vikki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: Sarah E S
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Leary
authors.forename: Elsie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eden
authors.forename: Twala
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Northcott
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Yong-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeWire
authors.forename: Tanya A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kranenburg
authors.forename: Yancey
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Fredrick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Boop
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajjar
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gilbertson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019942:Genes, p16; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D036183:Receptor, EphB2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036183:Receptor, EphB2