Outcome measurements in studies on the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease.
BACKGROUND
The present study aims to compare different diagnostic criteria for periodontal disease that were used to study the association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis.


METHODS
A database from a case-control study was used. The present study included sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-condition data; panoramic radiographs; and clinical measurements on periodontal conditions from 139 postmenopausal women. Each participant was classified with regard to the diagnosis of periodontal disease using five different criteria for the outcome measurement (OM) found in the literature in studies on the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease (OM1 through OM5). The frequency of periodontal disease and diagnostic values were calculated taking OM5 as the gold standard and the main association measurement for all criteria using odds ratios.


RESULTS
The frequency of periodontal disease varied from 24.5% to 98.6% depending on the OM used. OM4 and OM3 presented the highest specificity (98.9% and 94.5%, respectively), whereas OM2 and OM1 presented the highest sensitivity (100% and 77.1%, respectively). The association measurements with adjustments for age and smoking varied significantly according to the OM over a range from 1.87 to 3.75, and there were also variations in the statistical significance of the associations found.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study emphasize that the frequency of periodontal disease may be influenced by different OMs and indicated variations outside of the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Therefore, there is a need for prior selection of a precise measurement of periodontal disease in investigations on this topic.
Passos
Johelle de Santana
Jde S
Collective Health, Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. johpassos@gmail.com
Gomes-Filho
Isaac Suzart
IS
Vianna
Maria Isabel Pereira
MI
da Cruz
Simone Seixas
SS
Barreto
Maurício Lima
ML
Oliveira
Tiago José Silva
TJ
Borges
Leandro Dias
LD
Monteiro
Fernanda Marques
FM
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003729:Dental Care; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000150:complications; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000150:complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome