Long and short hospice stays among nursing home residents at the end of life.
OBJECTIVE
To identify characteristics of nursing homes and residents associated with particularly long or short hospice stays.


METHODS
Observational study using administrative data on resident characteristics and hospice utilization from a large regional hospice linked with publicly available data on nursing home characteristics.


METHODS
A total of 13,479 residents who enrolled in hospice during 2001-2008.


METHODS
Logistic regression models of the probability of a long (>180 days) or very short (<or=3 days) stay, adjusting for nursing home characteristics, a measure of nursing home quality developed using Minimum Data Set Quality Indicator/Quality Measures data, and resident characteristics.


RESULTS
Nursing home characteristics were not statistically significant predictors of long stays. The probability of a short stay increased with the facility's nurse staffing ratio and decreased with the share of residents covered by Medicaid. Men (relative to women) and blacks (relative to whites) were less likely to have a long stay and more likely to have a short stay, while those 70 years or younger (relative to those 81-90) and residents with Alzheimer's disease/dementia were more likely to have long stays and less likely to have short stays. Fourteen percent of hospice users were discharged before death because they failed to meet Medicare hospice eligibility criteria, and these residents had longer lengths of stay, on average.


CONCLUSIONS
Few facility characteristics were associated with very long or very short hospice stays. However, high rates of discharge before death that may reflect a less predictable life trajectory of nursing home residents suggests that further evaluation of the hospice benefit for nursing home residents may be needed.
Huskamp
Haiden A
HA
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. huskamp@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Stevenson
David G
DG
Grabowski
David C
DC
Brennan
Eric
E
Keating
Nancy L
NL
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006738:Hospices / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009511:New England; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009935:Organizational Affiliation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012737:Sex Factors; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States