title: Cost effectiveness of rosuvastatin in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease based on findings from the JUPITER trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the long-term cost effectiveness of rosuvastatin therapy compared with placebo in reducing the incidence of major cardiovascular (CVD) events and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation model estimated long-term cost effectiveness of rosuvastatin therapy (20 mg daily) for the prevention of CVD mortality and morbidity. The model included three stages: (1) CVD prevention simulating the 4 years of the JUPITER trial, (2) initial CVD prevention beyond the trial, and (3) subsequent CVD event prevention. A US payer perspective was assessed reflecting direct medical costs, and up to a lifetime horizon. Sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the model estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 patients at moderate and high risk of CVD events based on Framingham risk of ≥10%, estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained with rosuvastatin therapy compared with placebo was 33,480 over a lifetime horizon, and 25,380 and 9916 over 20-year and 10-year horizons, respectively. Approximately 12,073 events were avoided over the lifetime; 6,146 non-fatal MIs, 2905 non-fatal strokes, and 4030 CVD deaths avoided. Estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for cost per QALY was $7062 (lifetime), $10,743 (20-year horizon), and $44,466 (10-year horizon). For a hypothetical cohort similar to the overall JUPITER population, the cost per QALY ICER was $11,025 for the lifetime and $60,112 for a 10-year horizon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost-effectiveness comparison of rosuvastatin 20 mg was against no active treatment (as opposed to an alternative statin) due to lack of comparative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk reduction data for other statins in a population similar to the JUPITER trial population. The analysis was conducted from the payer perspective and lack of inclusion of indirect costs limit interpretability of results from a societal perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with rosuvastatin 20 mg daily, is a cost-effective treatment alternative to no treatment in patients at a higher risk (Framingham risk≥10%) of CVD.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ohsfeldt
authors.forename: Sanjay K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium