title: Do urinary tract infections affect morale among very old women?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common bacterial infections in women of all ages but the incidence increases with older age. Despite the fact that UTI is a common problem it is still poorly investigated regarding its connection with experienced health and morale. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a diagnosed, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with or without ongoing treatment on morale or subjective wellbeing among very old women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional, population-based study, 504 women aged 85 years and older (range 84-104) were evaluated for ongoing UTI. Of these, 319 (63.3%), were able to answer the questions on the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) which was used to assess morale or subjective wellbeing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study sample of 319 women, 46 (14.4%) were diagnosed as having had a UTI with or without ongoing treatment when they were assessed. Women with UTI with or without ongoing treatment had significantly lower PGCMS scores (10.4 vs 11.9, p = 0.003) than those without UTI, indicating a significant impact on morale or subjective wellbeing among very old women. Depression (p < 0.001), UTI (p = 0.014) and constipation (p = 0.018) were the medical diagnoses significantly and independently associated with low morale in a multivariate regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As UTI seems to be independently associated with low morale or poor subjective wellbeing, there needs to be more focus on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UTI in old women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. irene.eriksson@his.se
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Yngve
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fagerström
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olofsson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D009013:Morale; D011788:Quality of Life; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000523:psychology*