title: Indomethacin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ to improve insulin resistance in cotton pellet granuloma model.
abstract: Inflammation is involved in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. However, the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs in diabetic therapy remains obscure. In the present study, the possible mechanisms of indomethacin, one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in the improvement of insulin resistance were investigated. Indomethacin treatment significantly decreased cotton pellet implantation induced white blood cell count elevation and immune cells infiltration in epididymal white adipose tissue. Also, cotton pellet implantation induced impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance were improved by indomethacin. The decrement in phosphoinsulin receptor and phospho-Akt levels induced by cotton pellet implantation was improved by indomethacin as well. Moreover, indomethacin decreased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in epididymal white adipose tissue with a marked reduction of prostaglandin 2 (PGE2) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels in cotton pellet-implanted mice. Furthermore, pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist, GW9662 not only reversed indomethacin-modified COX-2 and iNOS levels but also reversed indomethacin-improved insulin sensitivity determined by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Taken together, indomethacin might elevate the expression of PPARγ to decrease serum NOx and PGE2 to result in the improvement of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K-C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D003368:Gossypium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D047495:PPAR gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin