title: Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from Chinese pediatric patients in association with Tn916 transposons family over a 16-year period.
abstract: To investigate changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates over a 16-year period, 456 group A streptococci isolates were collected from Chinese pediatric patients among 1993 to 1994 and 2005 to 2008. Susceptibilities to antibiotics were performed using agar dilution methods. The macrolide resistance genes ermB, ermTR, mefA, and tetracycline-resistant gene tetM and the int and xis genes of Tn916 family were detected by polymerase chain reaction. All 456 strains were analyzed by emm typing. Selected strains representing each emm type were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The resistance rates of erythromycin and clindamycin both significantly increased during the 2 sample periods (79.7% versus 94% for erythromycin and 75.4% versus 96.9% for clindamycin). Telithromycin resistance rate increased from 20.37% to 87.93%. Among the macrolide resistance strains, the rate of strains with the genes int, xis, tetM, and ermB increased with time (16.05% versus 86.91%, P < 0.05). The emm1 and emm12 isolates had high rates of ermB gene, which increased after 16 years (65.2% versus 86.23% for emm1 and 7.7% versus 91.8% for emm12). This study demonstrates the increase in macrolide resistance in S. pyogenes in Chinese children over a 16-year period. The phenomenon may be related not only with the shift in the emm types but also with the change of macrolide-resistant mechanisms. The change of Tn916 family among the isolates may be related with the increased resistance.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 110045 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Hongrui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yaoling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yaojie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Sangjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kaihu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xuzhuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D044466:Asian People; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010372:Pediatrics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D018942:Macrolides; C014689:streptococcal M protein