title: Decoupling of receptor and downstream signals in the Akt pathway by its low-pass filter characteristics.
abstract: In cellular signal transduction, the information in an external stimulus is encoded in temporal patterns in the activities of signaling molecules; for example, pulses of a stimulus may produce an increasing response or may produce pulsatile responses in the signaling molecules. Here, we show how the Akt pathway, which is involved in cell growth, specifically transmits temporal information contained in upstream signals to downstream effectors. We modeled the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent Akt pathway in PC12 cells on the basis of experimental results. We obtained counterintuitive results indicating that the sizes of the peak amplitudes of receptor and downstream effector phosphorylation were decoupled; weak, sustained EGF receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation, rather than strong, transient phosphorylation, strongly induced phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6, a molecule downstream of Akt. Using frequency response analysis, we found that a three-component Akt pathway exhibited the property of a low-pass filter and that this property could explain decoupling of the peak amplitudes of receptor phosphorylation and that of downstream effectors. Furthermore, we found that lapatinib, an EGFR inhibitor used as an anticancer drug, converted strong, transient Akt phosphorylation into weak, sustained Akt phosphorylation, and, because of the low-pass filter characteristics of the Akt pathway, this led to stronger S6 phosphorylation than occurred in the absence of the inhibitor. Thus, an EGFR inhibitor can potentially act as a downstream activator of some effectors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kshiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.forename: Yu-ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D000077341:Lapatinib; D008954:Models, Biological; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; D000077341:Lapatinib; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt