title: Long-term tolerability and effectiveness of oxymorphone extended release in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of oxymorphone extended release (ER) in patients with cancer-related pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post hoc analysis of two-1-year open-label extension studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple US cancer treatment facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with cancer pain who had participated in two short-term crossover comparator trials of oxymorphone ER: one open-label and one double-blind randomized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had been taking oxymorphone ER continued the dose established in the previous study. Patients who had been taking a comparator opioid were switched to an equianalgesic dose of oxymorphone ER. All patients underwent individualized oxymorphone ER dose titration to optimize effectiveness and tolerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current, average, worst, and least pain scores were normalized to a 100-point scale. Patients rated treatment on a five-point global assessment of study medication (Poor = 1 to Excellent = 5). All adverse events (AEs) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 80 patients who entered the extension trials, 26 completed 52 weeks, 7 discontinued owing to loss of effectiveness, and 20 discontinued owing to AEs, most of which were unrelated to study drug. No significant increase in mean (standard deviation [SDD average pain intensity was observed from baseline (30.5 [19.6], 100-point scale) to final visit (35.9 [21.1], p = 0.37). The most common AEs were concomitant disease progression (28.8 percent, n=23), nausea (22.5 percent, n=18), dyspnea (16.3 percent, n=13), fatigue (16.3 percent, n=13), and edema of the lower limb (15 percent, n=12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these patients with pain related to cancer, oxymorphone ER was generally well tolerated and provided stable long-term pain control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Supportive Care, Pain & Palliative Medicine, City of Hope Medical Group (California Cancer Specialists Medical Group), Pasadena, California, USA.
authors.forename: Neal E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Slatkin
authors.forename: Michelle I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rhiner
authors.forename: Errol M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahdieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010111:Oxymorphone