Wearable neural prostheses. Restoration of sensory-motor function by transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
In this article, we focus on the least invasive interface: transcutaneous ES (TES), i.e., the use of surface electrodes as an interface between the stimulator and sensory-motor systems. TES is delivered by a burst of short electrical charge pulses applied between pairs of electrodes positioned on the skin. Monophasic or charge-balanced biphasic (symmetric or asymmetric) stimulation pulses can be delivered. The latter ones have the advantage to provide contraction force while minimizing tissue damage.
Micera
Silvestro
S
Automatic Control Lab, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (CH), Switzerland.
Keller
Thierry
T
Lawrence
Marc
M
Morari
Manfred
M
Popović
Dejan B
DB
D003020:Clothing; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*