Endothelial-derived microparticles: Biological conveyors at the crossroad of inflammation, thrombosis and angiogenesis.
Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are complex vesicular structures that can be shed by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells. EMP are composed of a phospholipid bilayer that exposes transmembrane proteins and receptors and encloses cytosolic components such as enzymes, transcription factors and mRNA derived from their parent cells. Thus, EMP behave as biological conveyors playing a key role in the tuning of vascular homeostasis. This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of EMP, notably in coagulation, inflammation and angiogenesis and also on the mechanisms that trigger their formation. In this context, EMP could compromise vascular homeostasis and then represent key players in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and thrombotic diseases. Consequently, elucidating their role and their mechanisms of formation will bring new insights into the understanding of endothelial-associated diseases. Moreover, in the future, it can open novel therapeutic perspectives based on the inhibition of EMP release.
Leroyer
Aurélie S
AS
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de l'Endothélium - UMR_S 608 INSERM, Université de la Mediterranée, Marseille, France.
Anfosso
Francine
F
Lacroix
Romaric
R
Sabatier
Florence
F
Simoncini
Stéphanie
S
Njock
Sébastien M
SM
Jourde
Noémie
N
Brunet
Philippe
P
Camoin-Jau
Laurence
L
Sampol
José
J
Dignat-George
Françoise
F
D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology