Implications of forgiveness enhancement in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
The purpose of this review is to examine forgiveness as a means to enhance coping with the emotional sequelae of two disorders, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue. As with many chronic illnesses, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue often result in a host of negative emotions including, anger, stress, fear, and depression. We contend that learning to become more forgiving may be a complementary treatment to cope with the ongoing stress, frustration, and negative emotions that result from these two conditions. Our review includes descriptive information on fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue, a brief review of the literature on anger and its influence on health, a review of the connections between forgiveness and well-being, and methods to enhance forgiveness in patients' lives. We conclude with a conceptual model that we hope will be useful to design and/or evaluate work on forgiveness in these patients.
Toussaint
Loren
L
Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101, USA. touslo01@luther.edu
Overvold-Ronningen
Mary
M
Vincent
Ann
A
Luedtke
Connie
C
Whipple
Mary
M
Schriever
Tina
T
Luskin
Frederic
F
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000786:Anger; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D013315:Stress, Psychological