title: In vitro imaging of thyroid tissues using two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging to discriminate the normal, nodular goiter and papillary cancerous thyroid tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 45 fresh thyroid specimens (normal, 15; nodular goiter, 12; and papillary cancerous, 18) from 31 subjects were directly imaged by the TPEF and SHG combination method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microstructure of follicle and collagen structure in thyroid tissue were clearly identified, morphologic changes between normal, nodular goiter, and papillary cancerous thyroid tissue were well characterized by using two-photon excitation fluorescence. SHG imaging of the collagen matrix also revealed the differences between normal and abnormal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary study suggests that the TPEF and SHG combination method might be a useful tool in revealing pathologic changes in thyroid tissue.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zufang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zuanfang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Juqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yongzeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen