title: Quantification of blood betel quid alkaloids and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in humans and their association with betel chewing habits.
abstract: Chewing betel quid is a common habit in Taiwan and associated with the risk of oral cancer. Betel quid contains arecoline and arecaidine, which may serve as the exposure biomarkers of a chewing habit. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of blood arecoline and arecaidine. Because 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level in urine is only one early health marker of carcinogenesis, we also examined its association with chewing habit. We found a significant positive correlation between the quantities of betel quid used before the day of drawing blood and arecoline [(Spearman correlation coefficient (r) = 0.81; p value < 0.01) or arecaidine levels (r = 0.86; p value < 0.01)]. Habitual use quantity (quids/day) showed moderate correlation with both arecoline (r = 0.52; p value < 0.05) and arecaidine concentrations (r = 0.51; p value < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between total chewing years and concentrations of arecoline and arecaidine in serum or 8-OH-dG in urine. In conclusion, serum arecoline and arecaidine levels are measurable and good indicators for recent betel quid use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: I-Chen
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ping-Ho
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chien-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Deng-Chyang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shih-Meng
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Mu-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Bai-Hsiun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hei-Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ying-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca; D001115:Arecoline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000097:blood*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C015688:arecaidine; D001115:Arecoline; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine