title: Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha gene polymorphism G1790A and its interaction with tobacco and alcohol consumptions increase susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the potential associations of two hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) gene polymorphisms, C1772T and G1790A, with the susceptibility and clinicopathological status of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 449 subjects, including 347 healthy controls and 102 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, were recruited in this study and subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses to estimate the impact of these two polymorphic variants on hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G1790A heterozygotes showed a higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with GG genotypes after adjusting for other confounders (AOR = 3.97; 95%CI = 1.70-9.22), indicating a significant association between hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility and G1790A polymorphism. Moreover, results also revealed the presence of synergistic effect between gene polymorphism of HIF-1alpha G1790A and environmental risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumptions while there was no significant association between HIF-1alpha gene polymorphism and clinicopathological parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic polymorphism at G1790A of HIF-1alpha is an important factor for determining the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. The interaction effects of G1790A heterozygotes to tobacco and to alcohol consumption significantly increase the risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Ching
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Mu-Kuan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shih-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Kwo-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ueng
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Hsien
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Yu-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit