Recyclable nanostructured catalytic systems in modern environmentally friendly organic synthesis.
Modern chemical synthesis makes heavy use of different types of catalytic systems: homogeneous, heterogeneous and nano-sized. The latter--nano-sized catalysts--have given rise in the 21st century to a rapidly developing area of research encompassing several prospects and opportunities for new technologies. Catalytic reactions ensure high regio- and stereoselectivity of chemical transformations, as well as better yields and milder reaction conditions. In recent years several novel catalytic systems were developed for selective formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds. This review presents the achievements of our team in our studies on various types of catalysts containing metal nanoparticles: palladium-containing diblock copolymer micelles; soluble palladium-containing polymers; metallides on a support; polymeric metal salts and oxides; and, in addition, metal-free organic catalysts based on soluble polymers acting as nanoreactors. Representative examples are given and discussed in light of possible applications to solve important problems in modern organic synthesis.
Beletskaya
Irina
I
A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 31, Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, 119991, Russia. tv@org.chem.msu.ru
Tyurin
Vladimir
V
D002384:Catalysis; D002625:Chemistry, Organic / Q000379:methods*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods; D049329:Nanostructures; D059027:Recycling