title: Determination of multi-class pharmaceuticals in wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS).
abstract: An analytical method for multi-class pharmaceuticals determination in wastewater has been developed and validated. Target compounds were: sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin), diaminopyrimidine (trimethoprim), anaesthetic (procaine), anthelmintic (praziquantel and febantel), and macrolide (roxithromycin). The method involves pre-concentration and clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Strata-X extraction cartridges at pH 4.0. Target analytes were identified and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Recoveries were higher than 50% with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 18.3% for three concentrations. Only for sulfaguanidine was low recovery obtained. Matrix effect was evaluated using matrix-matched standards. The method detection limit (MDL) was between 0.5 and 5 ng L(-1) in spiked water samples. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation, ranged from 0.5 to 2.0% and from 1.4 to 8.3 for intra-day and inter-day analysis, respectively. The described analytical method was used for determination of pharmaceuticals in effluent wastewaters from the pharmaceutical industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. sandra.babic@fkit.hr
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babić
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutavdzić Pavlović
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asperger
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perisa
authors.forename: Mirta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zrncić
authors.forename: Alka J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kastelan-Macan
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D011312:Pressure; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical