Effects of a heat- and steam-generating sheet on relieving symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in young women.
OBJECTIVE
To test the efficacy of heat- and steam-generating (HSG) sheets for the relief of symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in young women.


METHODS
Thirty-four female university students were enrolled in this study. HSG sheets generate moist heat to keep the attached body area at 38.5 degrees C for 8 h. Subjects attached the HSG sheet to the lower abdominal or lumbar region for 5 to 8 h once a day on the first, second and third days of menstruation. Subjects documented symptoms of dysmenorrhea (abdominal pain, lumbago and lumbar dullness) on a self-recording form using a 4-score scale of 0 (mild) to 3 (severe) just before applying and after removing the HSG sheet. Either a small (54 cm(2)) or large (164 cm(2)) HSG sheet was used for warming.


RESULTS
By applying HSG sheets on the abdomen or lumbar region, 57 and 63% of subjects felt relief of abdominal pains, and 54 and 61% of subjects felt relief from lumbago on the first and second days of menstruation, respectively. Applying the HSG sheets was significantly effective to relieve symptoms compared to the control. Small and large HSG sheets were equally effective. Applying HSG sheets to the abdomen was as effective as that to the lumbar region except for cases of lumbago on the second day of menstruation. Applying HSG sheets two days prior to the onset of menstruation was more effective in relieving lumbar dullness on the second day of menstruation than those just before its onset.


CONCLUSIONS
HSG sheets are useful as non-pharmacological methods to relieve symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.
Hosono
Takayoshi
T
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Shijonawate, Osaka, Japan. hosono@isc.osakac.ac.jp
Takashima
Yukari
Y
Morita
Yuki
Y
Nishimura
Yukako
Y
Sugita
Yoshiko
Y
Isami
Chika
C
Sakamoto
Ichiro
I
Tagami
Kyoko
K
Hidaka
Yuki
Y
Suzuki
Atsushi
A
D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D013227:Steam; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D013227:Steam