title: Assessing the properties of the WHOQOL-Pain: quality of life of chronic low back pain patients during treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessing subjective, patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life (QoL) is essential to health care research. This study aimed to assess the properties of a QoL measure relating to pain and discomfort: the WHOQOL-Pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic low back pain patients (n=133) completed the WHOQOL-Pain, SF-12, and short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire before treatment started and again 2-4 weeks later. Of these, 76 received a lumbar epidural steroid injection, and 57 were waiting to receive treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no significant difference in effect of either epidural injections or no treatment on bringing about an improvement to QoL overtime. Moderate effect sizes were found for 5 facets including pain relief and uncertainty. Small effect sizes were found for 7 facets including vulnerability, fear and worry, anger and frustration. Larger effect sizes were found for those reporting the most improvement in pain. The waiting group reported no significant changes to QoL but small changes for uncertainty. Three of the four new facets were sensitive to change and test-retest reliability (stability) was confirmed in three.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this study was not designed to test treatment effectiveness, the WHOQOL-Pain enables patients to report changes to important aspects of QoL during many diverse interventions for relieving pain.
authors.affiliation: WHO Field Centre for the Study of Quality of Life, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK. v.mason@worc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Skevington
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osborn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D003348:Cortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003348:Cortisone