title: Determinants of serum zinc concentrations in a population of French middle-age subjects (SU.VI.MAX cohort).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have been conducted on determinants of serum zinc concentration, especially in France. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between serum zinc concentrations, and age, education, living area and life style in a large sample cohort of French adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected after 12-h fasting in French adults (7448 women, 35-65 years old and 4926 men, 45-65 years old) participating to the SUpplementation in AntioXidant VItamins and Minerals cohort at enrolment. Serum zinc was determined by flame atomic absorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum zinc concentration was lower in women (mean: 12.9 μmol/l, 95% confidence interval: 9.2-16.6 μmol/l) compared with men (mean: 13.4 μmol/l, 95% confidence interval: 9.7-17.1 μmol/l, P<0.0001). In total, 10% of the women showed serum zinc values <10.7 μmol/l and 10% of the men showed serum zinc values <11.3 μmol/l. Age was negatively associated with serum zinc only in men (P=0.001). In women, a positive association between smoking and serum zinc concentration (P=0.0003), and a negative relationship between highest education level and serum zinc concentration (P=0.01) were observed. With regard to geographical areas, the highest serum zinc concentrations were found in the Center, and the lowest in the Southwest of France for both men and women. The association between serum zinc concentrations and food categories or macronutrient intake disappeared after stratifying by gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, gender and geographic area seem the main determinants of serum zinc concentrations in this study.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, F-38000, France. JArnaud@chu-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andriollo-Sanchez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruffieux
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hercberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Favier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc