title: Effects of low-level exposure to xenobiotics present in paints on oxidative stress in workers.
abstract: Paints are composed of an extensive variety of hazardous substances, such as organic solvents and heavy metals. Biomonitoring is an essential tool for assessing the risk to occupational health. Thus, this study analyzed the levels of biomarkers of exposure for toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, and lead, as well as the oxidative stress biomarker alterations in painters of an industry. Lipid peroxidation biomarker (MDA), delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D), nonprotein thyol groups, superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in exposed and nonexposed subjects. We estimated which of the paint constituents have the greatest influence on the changes in the biomarkers of oxidative stress in this case of co-exposure. The results demonstrated that despite the fact that all the biomarkers of exposure were below the biological exposure limits, the MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased, while nonprotein thyol groups and ALA-D levels were decreased in painters when compared with nonexposed subjects. After statistic test, toluene could be suggested as the principal factor responsible for increased lipid peroxidation and inhibition of ALA-D enzyme; however, further studies on the inhibition of ALA-D enzyme by toluene are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Post-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Mariele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charão
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bulcão
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Gilian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerreiro
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baierle
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Waechter
authors.forename: Vânia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Flávia V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Thiesen
authors.forename: Solange Cristina
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D003401:Creatine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D016272:Occupational Health; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010150:Paint / Q000633:toxicity*; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020058:Styrene / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014050:Toluene / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D014992:Xylenes / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D015262:Xenobiotics; D014992:Xylenes; D007854:Lead; D014050:Toluene; D020058:Styrene; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; C004912:ethylbenzene; D003401:Creatine