title: Randomized trial of MST and ARC in a two-level evidence-based treatment implementation strategy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A randomized trial assessed the effectiveness of a 2-level strategy for implementing evidence-based mental health treatments for delinquent youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 x 2 design encompassing 14 rural Appalachian counties included 2 factors: (a) the random assignment of delinquent youth within each county to a multisystemic therapy (MST) program or usual services and (b) the random assignment of counties to the ARC (for availability, responsiveness, and continuity) organizational intervention for implementing effective community-based mental health services. The design created 4 treatment conditions (MST plus ARC, MST only, ARC only, control). Outcome measures for 615 youth who were 69% male, 91% Caucasian, and aged 9-17 years included the Child Behavior Checklist and out-of-home placements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multilevel, mixed-effects, regression analysis of 6-month treatment outcomes found that youth total problem behavior in the MST plus ARC condition was at a nonclinical level and significantly lower than in other conditions. Total problem behavior was equivalent and at nonclinical levels in all conditions by the 18-month follow-up, but youth in the MST plus ARC condition entered out-of-home placements at a significantly lower rate (16%) than youth in the control condition (34%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-level strategies that combine an organizational intervention such as ARC and an evidence-based treatment such as MST are promising approaches to implementing effective community-based mental health services. More research is needed to understand how such strategies can be used effectively in a variety of organizational contexts and with other types of evidence-based treatments.
authors.affiliation: Children's Mental Health Services Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-3332, USA. cglisson@utk.edu
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glisson
authors.forename: Sonja K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Schoenwald
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemmelgarn
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Denzel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dukes
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001061:Appalachian Region; D002648:Child; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D015897:Comorbidity; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005196:Family Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012424:Rural Population; D013598:Systems Theory; D013714:Tennessee