title: Rosiglitazone enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced cell growth inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rosiglitazone is a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, which inhibits tumor growth by activating PPARgamma signaling pathways. Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. However, patients develop drug resistance of 5-FU over time. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rosiglitazone can enhance 5-FU-induced cell growth inhibition and to explore its potential mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Protein expression levels were detected by Western blot analysis. Small interference RNA was utilized to knockout PPARgamma and PTEN in Hep3B cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 48 h of treatment with 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L rosiglitazone, the viability of Hep3B cells was (78.0 ± 2.7)%, (37.3 ± 8.1)%, and (19.8 ± 2.2)%, respectively (compared with control group, P values were all < 0.001). After 48 h of treatment with 10 µmol/L 5-FU, the viability of Hep3B cells was about (82.6 ± 3.9)%. When cells were treated with 10 µmol/L 5-FU in combination with either 10, 20 or 40 µmol/L rosiglitazone, the cell viability was (51.6 ± 5.4)%, (14.8 ± 4.2)%, and (8.5 ± 0.9)%, with corresponding q value of 1.36, 1.23, and 1.19, respectively. These data suggested that the two drugs had synergic effect in inhibiting Hep3B cell growth, which was further confirmed in an in vivo mice model. Subsequent investigations showed that rosiglitazone activated PPARgamma signaling pathways and increased the expression of PTEN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone enhances 5-FU-induced cell growth inhibition of Hep3B cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P. R. China. clq0829@163.com
authors.forename: Liang-Qi
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zi-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: He-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jian-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D015398:Signal Transduction; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D047495:PPAR gamma; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; D005472:Fluorouracil