How it's made: organisational effects of hormones on the developing brain.
Gonadal steroid hormones exert permanent organisational effects on the developing brain and thereby direct adult hormonal responsiveness to dictate sex-specific behaviour and physiology. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the cellular mechanism of action of androgens and oestrogens during the perinatal sensitive period during which organisation occurs. This review highlights the findings obtained with respect to differential cell death and synaptogenesis with an emphasis on region-specific mechanisms that involve diverse signalling molecules including tumour necrosis factor-alpha, BAX, GABA, glutamate, prostaglandin E(2), FAK and paxillin.
McCarthy
M M
MM
Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. mmccarth@umaryland.edu
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004958:Estradiol