title: The frequency and severity of capecitabine-induced hypertriglyceridaemia in routine clinical practice: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capecitabine is known to rarely cause raised serum triglycerides (TG). In our centre, several patients receiving capecitabine developed raised TG levels corresponding to the 'very high risk' category for potentially serious acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fasting blood lipid screening protocol was introduced into clinical practice for patients receiving capecitabine. Patients with TGs >5 mmol l(-1) were treated and followed up. An 18-month prospective audit was performed to establish the incidence and severity of capecitabine-induced hypertriglyceridaemia (CIHT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 304 patients received capecitabine for colorectal cancer between January 2008 and June 2009. Of these, 212 patients (70%) were screened and 8 (3.7%) developed clinically significant hypertriglyceridaemia requiring lipid-lowering therapy. Two of the eight patients had diabetes and one had pre-existing dyslipidaemia. One suffered cerebral infarction during chemotherapy. There were no cases of acute pancreatitis. Follow-up showed that serum TGs safely and rapidly returned to normal with appropriate treatment without discontinuation of capecitabine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first prospective study evaluating CIHT. These results suggest that it should be classed as a 'common' undesired effect of capecitabine. Despite this, the incidence does not justify routine screening in all patients. Targeted screening in those with diabetes or pre-existing hyperlipidaemia is recommended, together with adoption of a clear management policy.
authors.affiliation: Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Caroline.Michie@luht.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Michie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakala
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rivans
authors.forename: M W J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clive
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D011345:Fenofibrate; D005472:Fluorouracil