title: Alcohol intake and risk of colorectal cancer: results from the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies have suggested that excessive alcohol intake increases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, findings regarding tumour subsites and sex differences have been inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the prospective associations between alcohol intake on overall and site- and sex-specific CRC risk. Analyses were conducted on 579 CRC cases and 1996 matched controls nested within the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium using standardised data obtained from food diaries as a main nutritional method and repeated using data from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with individuals in the lightest category of drinkers (>0-<5 g per day), the multivariable odds ratios of CRC were 1.16 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.88, 1.53) for non-drinkers, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.24) for drinkers with 5-<15 g per day, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.25) for drinkers with 15-<30 g per day, 1.02 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.58) for drinkers with 30-<45 g per day and 1.19 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.91) for drinkers with >or=45 g per day. No clear associations were observed between site-specific CRC risk and alcohol intake in either sex. Analyses using FFQ showed similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no significantly increased risk of CRC up to 30 g per day of alcohol intake within the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dahm
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Mitrou
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Fentiman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cade
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Burley
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuh
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Luben
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rodwell
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology