title: Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cell in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) is a Chinese medicine decoction and has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement. The present study aims to investigate the effects of TXL on the apoptosis of HT-29 cells and tumor growth in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  HT-29 colon cancer cells were treated with gradient dilution of TXL. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, 9 were examined by Western blot analysis. HT-29 cells were implanted in nude mice to examine the effects of TXL on tumor growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TXL inhibited HT-29 xenografted model and showed a strong and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HT-29 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced by TXL at the concentration of 0.5% above. For Western blot analysis, an increase in Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression were observed in TXL-treated cells. TXL treatment increased the protein level of cleaved casepase-3 and caspase-9, and the release of cytochrome c in cytoplasm was up-regulated as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TXL significantly inhibits cell proliferation in the HT-29 cells and HT-29 xenografted model via the mitochondrial cell death pathway.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. tongyao@hkucc.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Stephen Cho Wing
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: Wing Keung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Ellie Shihng Meir
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Christine Miu Ngan
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yow