title: Expression of adiponectin receptors and effects of adiponectin isoforms in mouse preimplantation embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin, a pleiotropic hormone secreted from adipose tissue, can mediate some negative effects of obesity on female health, and can participate in the impaired reproductive performance of obese women. Using a mouse model, we investigated expression of adiponectin receptors in ovulated oocytes and in vivo derived preimplantation embryos, and tested effects of different adiponectin isoforms on development of preimplantation embryos in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found expression of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, at the mRNA and protein level, in mouse ovulated oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed a decrease in the amount of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA after fertilization, which was followed by an increase in mRNA at the morula and blastocyst stage; mRNA for adiponectin was detected only at the blastocyst stage. Administration of full-length adiponectin significantly changed the distribution in numbers of cells of cultured preimplantation embryos, increasing the proportion of embryos with high cell numbers (>128 cells) and decreasing the proportion of embryos with lower cell numbers (<65 cells). Blastocysts possessed significantly higher cell numbers after full-length adiponectin treatment. Mutated trimeric adiponectin had the opposite effect, a significant decrease in the proportion of embryos with higher cell numbers (>96 cells) and increase in the proportion of embryos with lower cell numbers (<65 cells). Trimeric adiponectin also significantly decreased the cell number and increased cell death in blastocysts. Truncated globular adiponectin had no significant effect on development of mouse preimplantation embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that adiponectin can directly influence the development of the preimplantation embryo, and the effects are isoform dependent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 04001 Košice, Slovakia. cikos@saske.sk
authors.forename: Štefan
authors.initials: Š
authors.lastname: Čikoš
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burkuš
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bukovská
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rehák
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koppel
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D009028:Morula / Q000378:metabolism; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C475419:adiponectin receptor 1, mouse; C475421:adiponectin receptor 2, mouse