title: [Outcome of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with modified double-disk occluder device].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) with modified double-disk occluder device (MDVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data including clinical examination, electrocardiography daily after the procedure for a week, chest-X-rays and TTE before discharge and at 3-5 days after the procedure were analyzed from 604 patients underwent percutaneous closure of a pmVSD with MDVO at our department between December 2001 and December 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedure was successful in 576 out of 604 patients (95.4%) and 583 VSD occluders were placed. Endocarditis, thromboembolism, or deaths were not observed after procedure. Conduction block occurred in 81 patients (56 RBBB, 14 LBBB) and transient nonparoxysmal ventricular tachycardia in 31 patients after the procedure. Complete heart block occurred in 11 patients, 9 of them recovered in 3 weeks, permanent pacemaker was implanted in 2 patients (one had transient III degrees AVB before the procedure, the other underwent simultaneous closure of ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect). Trivial/small residual shunts were found in 69 patients (12.0%). The residual shunts disappeared in 31 patients and remained unchanged in 38 patients (6.6%) 7 days after procedures. Aortic regurgitation developed in 5 patients (2 trivial/small, 3 small/moderate), and tricuspid regurgitation was present in 35 patients (32 trivial/small, 3 moderate). Five patients developed haemolysis (device retrieved via catheter in 1 patient due to persistent haemolysis, the other 4 patients recovered 3-14 days post procedure). Pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery occurred in 1 patient, and disappeared by pressure dressing. Device was successfully replaced in 2 patients with either device embolization (n = 1) or device misplacement (n = 1) after device retrieval by catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is safe and effective to close congenital perimembranous ventricular septal defect with domestic-made occluder device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Xian-xian
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian-qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Rong-liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shao-ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yong-wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult