title: Increased arterial stiffness is found in adolescents with obesity or obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adults with obesity or obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease possibly due to increased arterial stiffness. We sought to determine if arterial stiffness is increased in youth with obesity or T2DM as compared with lean controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth age 10-24 years (N = 670, 62% non-Caucasian, 35% male) were examined. They were stratified by the 85th% of BMI as lean (L=241), obese (O=234) or obese with T2DM (T2DM=195). Questionnaire, anthropometric, BP, laboratory (fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipids, CRP), physical activity, and DXA were collected. Brachial artery distensibility (BrachD), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured. Group differences were evaluated by ANOVA. General linear multivariate models were constructed to elucidate independent determinates of arterial stiffness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CV risk profile deteriorated from L to O to T2DM group. There was a progressive increase in AIx and PWV-trunk with progressive decline in BrachD from L to O to T2DM individuals (all P < 0.05). Group (status as L, O or T2DM) was an independent predictor of arterial stiffness even after adjusting for CV risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial stiffness is increased in young individuals with obesity and obesity-related T2DM even after correction for risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital & University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. Elaine.Urbina@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult