Graft-versus-host disease: role of inflammation in the development of chromosomal abnormalities of keratinocytes.
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major risk factor for secondary malignancy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin and mucous membranes are especially frequent in this setting where aneuploidy and tetraploidy are associated with aggressive disease. The current study is directed at the mechanism of neoplasia in this setting. Unmanipulated keratinocytes from areas of oral GVHD in 9 patients showed tetraploidy in 10% to 46% of cells when examined by florescein in situ hybridization (FISH). Keratinocytes isolated from biopsy sites of GVHD but not from normal tissue showed even greater numbers of tetraploid cells (mean = 78%, range: 15%-85%; N = 9) after culture. To mimic the inflammatory process in GVHD, allogeneic HLA-mismatched lymphocytes were mixed with normal keratinocytes. After 2 weeks, substantial numbers of aneuploid and tetraploid cells were evident in cultures with lymphocytes and with purified CD8 but not CD4 cells. Telomere length was substantially decreased in the lymphocyte-treated sample. No mutations were present in the p53 gene, although haploinsufficiency for p53 due to the loss of chromosome 17 was common in cells exposed to lymphocytes. These findings suggest that in GVHD, inflammation and repeated cell division correlate with the development of karyotypic abnormalities.
Sloand
Elaine M
EM
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sloande@nih.gov
Pfannes
Loretta
L
Ling
Casey
C
Feng
Xingmin
X
Jasek
Monika
M
Calado
Rodrigo
R
Tucker
Zachary C G
ZC
Hematti
Peiman
P
Maciejewski
Jaroslaw
J
Dunbar
Cynthia
C
Barrett
John
J
Young
Neal
N
D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D058496:Smith-Magenis Syndrome; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
D006680:HLA Antigens