title: Ventricular dilation is associated with improved cardiovascular performance and survival in sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocardial dysfunction in sepsis may be associated with changes in left ventricular (LV) size. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of myocardial dysfunction and changes in LV diameter on hemodynamics and survival in a murine model of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57Bl/6 mice (N = 30) were used. Septic mice (n = 24) had cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by fluid and antibiotic resuscitation and control mice (n = 6) received sham ligation. Echocardiography with a 30-mHz probe was performed at baseline and at frequent predefined time points after CLP. Stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), LV internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd), and fractional shortening (FS) were measured. LV dilation was prospectively defined as an increase in LVIDd ≥ 5% from baseline values. Septic animals were classified as dilators or nondilators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among septic animals, 37% were dilators and 63% were nondilators. After CLP, SV and CO decreased early in both groups. With resuscitation, SV and CO improved to a greater extent in dilators than nondilators (for SV, 46.0 ± 8.2 vs 36.1 ± 12.7 μL at 24 h, P = .05; for CO, 20.4 ± 4.8 vs 14.8 ± 6.7 mL/min, P = .04). Survival at 72 h was significantly improved in dilators compared with nondilators (88% vs 40%, P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a clinically relevant murine model of sepsis, animals with LV dilation had better cardiovascular performance and increased survival. Our results suggest that LV dilation is associated with improved SV and CO, a pattern resulting in greatly improved survival. These studies highlight the importance of diastolic function in septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Camden, NJ 08103, USA. zanotti-sergio@cooperhealth.edu
authors.forename: Sergio L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zanotti Cavazzoni
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parrillo
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: R Phillip
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dellinger
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003971:Diastole; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate