title: Mode of action of adjuvants: implications for vaccine safety and design.
abstract: For decades, the search for new vaccine adjuvants has been largely empirical. A series of new adjuvants and related formulations are now emerging that are acting through identified immunological mechanisms. Understanding adjuvant mechanism of action is crucial for vaccine design, since this allows for directing immune responses towards efficacious disease-specific effector mechanisms and appropriate memory. It is also of great importance to build new paradigms for assessing adjuvant safety at development stages and at regulatory level. This report reflects the conclusions of a group of scientists from academia, regulatory agencies and industry who attended a conference, organized by the International Association for Biologicals (IABS), on the mode of action of adjuvants on 29-30 April 2010 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, particularly focusing on how understanding adjuvants mode of action can impact on the assessment of vaccine safety and help to develop target-specific vaccines. More information on the conference output can be found on the IABS website, http://www.iabs.org/.
authors.affiliation: WHO-Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, CMU, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Béatris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mastelic
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Giudice
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gust
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neels
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sheets
authors.forename: Claire-Anne
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Siegrist
authors.forename: Paul-Henri
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D008396:Maryland; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects; D058873:Pandemics; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D014612:Vaccines