title: Desert dust exposure is associated with increased risk of asthma hospitalization in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Desert dust particles, including quartz, which causes inflammatory responses in the airway in animal studies, are transported to widespread regions around the globe. Epidemiologically, areas impacted by desert dust storms, such as communities in the Middle East and the Caribbean, seem to have higher incidences of asthma than might be expected.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the magnitude of association between airborne mineral dust concentration and hospitalization of children for asthma exacerbation by using Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) with a polarization analyzer for an exposure measurement, which can distinguish mineral dust particles from other particles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-crossover design was used. The exposure measurement was LIDAR's nonspherical extinction coefficient. The outcome measurement was hospitalization of children aged 1 to 15 years for asthma exacerbation in eight principal hospitals in Toyama, a local area in Japan bordering the Japan Sea, during February to April, 2005 to 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, there were 620 admissions for asthma exacerbation, and 6 days with a heavy dust event (daily mineral dust concentration > 0.1 mg/m(3)). Conditional logistic regression showed a statistically significant association between asthma hospitalization and a heavy dust event. The crude odds ratio (OR) of the heavy dust event for hospitalization on the day was 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.41; P = 0.037), and the OR of heavy dust event during the previous week was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.31-2.56; P = 0.00043). The OR adjusted by other air pollutant levels, pollen, and meteorological factors was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.18-2.48; P = 0.0050).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavy dust events are associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations for asthma.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, USA. kumiko.kanatani@ax7.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kumiko T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kanatani
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Wael K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Al-Delaimy
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Joe W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ramsdell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003889:Desert Climate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004391:Dust