title: Fluorescent fusion proteins of soluble guanylyl cyclase indicate proximity of the heme nitric oxide domain and catalytic domain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the structural organisation of heterodimeric soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was measured between fluorescent proteins fused to the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends of the sGC beta1 and alpha subunits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) was used as FRET donor and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) as FRET acceptor. After generation of recombinant baculovirus, fluorescent-tagged sGC subunits were co-expressed in Sf9 cells. Fluorescent variants of sGC were analyzed in vitro in cytosolic fractions by sensitized emission FRET. Co-expression of the amino-terminally tagged alpha subunits with the carboxy-terminally tagged beta1 subunit resulted in an enzyme complex that showed a FRET efficiency of 10% similar to fluorescent proteins separated by a helix of only 48 amino acids. Because these findings indicated that the amino-terminus of the alpha subunits is close to the carboxy-terminus of the beta1 subunit we constructed fusion proteins where both subunits are connected by a fluorescent protein. The resulting constructs were not only fluorescent, they also showed preserved enzyme activity and regulation by NO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the ability of an amino-terminal fragment of the beta1 subunit to inhibit activity of an heterodimer consisting only of the catalytic domains (alphacatbetacat), Winger and Marletta (Biochemistry 2005, 44:4083-90) have proposed a direct interaction of the amino-terminal region of beta1 with the catalytic domains. In support of such a concept of "trans" regulation of sGC activity by the H-NOX domains our results indicate that the domains within sGC are organized in a way that allows for direct interaction of the amino-terminal regulatory domains with the carboxy-terminal catalytic region. In addition, we constructed "fluorescent-conjoined" sGC's by fusion of the alpha amino-terminus to the beta1 carboxy-terminus leading to a monomeric, fluorescent and functional enzyme complex. To our knowledge this represents the first example where a fluorescent protein links two different subunits of a higher ordered complex to yield a stoichometrically fixed functionally active monomer.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Jan Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kraehling
authors.forename: Soenke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behrends
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D018411:Spodoptera
chemical_list: C485182:Cyan Fluorescent Protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase