title: Iodixanol versus low-osmolar contrast media for prevention of contrast induced nephropathy: meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of our meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of iodixanol compared with low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) for prevention of CIN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and internet sources of cardiology trial results for individual and relevant reviews of randomized, controlled trials, for the terms contrast media, contrast nephropathy, renal failure, iodixanol, Visipaque, and low-osmolar contrast media. All studies reported an incidence rate of CIN for each study group; there was no restriction on the definition of CIN. There were no restrictions on journal type or patient population. Overall, 36 trials were identified for analysis of aggregated summary data on 7166 patients; 3672 patients received iodixanol and 3494 patients received LOCM. Overall, iodixanol showed no statistically significant reduction in CIN incidence below that observed with heterogeneous comparator agents (P=0.11). Analysis of patient subgroups revealed that there was a significant benefit of iodixanol when compared with iohexol alone (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.55; P<0.001) but not when compared with LOCM other than iohexol or with other ionic dimers or among patients receiving intra-arterial contrast injections or among patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of aggregated summary data from multiple randomized, controlled trials of iodixanol against diverse LOCMs for heterogeneous procedures and definitions of CIN show an iodixanol-associated reduction that is suggestive but statistically nonsignificant.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Mayo Foundation Rochester, Minn, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: From
authors.forename: Firas J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Al Badarin
authors.forename: Furman S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bartholmai
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Charanjit S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rihal
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; C044834:iodixanol