title: Early experience of laparoendoscopic single-site nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the feasibility of a laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) nephroureterectomy for an upper urinary tract tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2009 and September 2009, 4 patients with upper urinary tract tumors underwent LESS nephroureterectomy. The mean age of the 2 female and 2 male patients was 69 years old, and their mean body mass index was 23.0. We used a homemade single-port device made with a surgical glove and a wound retractor, which were put into a 4 cm periumbilical incision. Operations with articulating and rigid laparoscopic instruments were performed transperitoneally. An open technique with a 4 cm additional midline incision and laparoscopic technique with an endoscopic stapler were used for the treatment of the distal ureter and bladder cuff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were completed successfully, without conversion to conventional laparoscopy or open surgery. The mean operative time was 169.5 minutes. The mean estimated blood loss was 361.4 ml. One patient had transfusion and wound infection. The mean hospital stay was 7.8 days. The mean specimen weight and tumor size were 271.8 g and 2.9 cm. Pathologic results of all cases showed urothelial carcinoma with a negative surgical margin. Three patients were in stage T3N0M0 and 1 was in stage T2N0M0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial experience shows that LESS nephroureterectomy with a homemade single-port device is technically feasible. However, long term follow-up for the effect on cancer control and technical development for comfortable surgery are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ill Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Il Sang
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jea Whan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joung Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rim