title: Effect of carotenoids on cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin on chicken hepatocytes in vitro.
abstract: The antioxidant properties of lutein, lycopene and apocarotenoic ester were examined in vitro regarding their capacity to reduce the cytotoxic effect of the T-2 toxin on chicken hepatocytes. The protective effect was evaluated with a reduction of glutathione and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Cellular damage was observed at a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) m T-2 toxin, and with at least 10(-5) M for all the carotenoids tested. A partial protective effect against mycotoxin was observed when hepatocytes were exposed simultaneously to lutein (10(-6) m) and T-2 toxin (5 x 10(-4) m). Lycopene (10(-6) m) was able to reduce the cytotoxic effect of the T-2 mycotoxin (5 x 10(-4) m) when both we're in contact with cells, either simultaneously or previously exposed to the toxin (incubation time 60 min). The apocarotenoic ester did not protect these cells against the T-2 toxin effect. The results suggest that lutein and lycopene helped maintain the integrity of the cellular membrane structure in the presence of T-2 toxin.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centre Universitario. Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, Qro. 76049 México; Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: De Mejía
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruíz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada