title: Natural antifoulants from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula.
abstract: Filamentous benthic marine cyanobacteria are a prolific source of structurally unique bioactive secondary metabolites. A total of 12 secondary metabolites, belonging to the mixed polyketide-polypeptide structural class, were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, and were tested to determine if they showed activity against barnacle larval settlement. The assays revealed four compounds, dolastatin 16, hantupeptin C, majusculamide A, and isomalyngamide A, that showed moderate to potent anti-larval settlement activities, with EC(50) values ranging from 0.003 to 10.6 microg ml(-1). In addition, field testing conducted over a period of 28 days (using the modified Phytagel method) based on the cyanobacterial compound, dolastatin 16, showed significantly reduced barnacle settlement as compared to controls at all the concentrations tested. The results of this study highlight the importance of marine cyanobacteria as an underexplored source of potential environmentally friendly antifoulants.
authors.affiliation: Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Singapore. liktong.tan@nie.edu.sg
authors.forename: Lik Tong
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Beverly Pi Lee
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Ashootosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Mui Gek
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Serina Siew Chen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Serena Lay Ming
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teo
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D047630:Depsipeptides; D008387:Marine Toxins; C108201:dolastatin 16