title: Human gingiva is another site of C-reactive protein formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-reactive protein (CRP) is primarily synthesized in the liver. It is hypothesized that human gingiva per se may produce CRP and its expression could be associated with IL-6. This study elucidated the CRP expression profile in human gingiva and its possible association with IL-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four gingival biopsies were collected from 44 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 18 periodontally healthy subjects. CRP protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, while CRP and IL-6 mRNAs were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. CRP protein expression in the reconstituted human gingival epithelia (RHGE) was examined by the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRP protein was detected in gingival tissues from patients and healthy subjects by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Western blotting. Its expression pattern and level at 16 pairs of periodontal pocket tissues and the adjacent clinically healthy tissues from 16 patients were significantly interrelated (r(s)=0.693, p<0.01). CRP mRNA expression was strongly correlated with IL-6 (r=0.694, p<0.001). Both CRP protein and mRNA were detected in the RHGE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows for the first time that human gingiva is able to produce CRP in situ that may be associated with IL-6 activity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011859:Radiography; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002097:C-Reactive Protein