title: [Surgical treatment of malunited or nonunited talus fractures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the operative methods of malunited or nonunited talus fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients of malunions or nonunions after displaced talar fractures were treated from January 2000 to January 2008. There were 17 males and 5 females with an average age of 34 years (ranged from 15 to 52 years). According to classification of posttraumatic talar deformities (Zwipp 2003), there were 10 cases of type I (malunion and/or joint displacement), 8 cases of type II (nonunion with joint displacement), 4 cases of type III (type I/II with partial AVN). The surgical treatments included open reduction, osteotomy, correction and internal fixation with plate, screw or K-wire, or the ankle, subtalar arthrodesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients were followed up for 14 months in average (ranged from 12 to 24 months). No wound healing problems or infections were observed. Solid union was obtained without redislocation in all patients. The mean time of bone union was 14 weeks (ranged from 12 to 18 weeks). The mean time of completely weight loading was 14 weeks (ranged from 12 to 18 weeks). The mean AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score increased from 35.4 (ranged from 28.0 to 41.0) to 86.6 (ranged from 78.0 to 98.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As to posttraumatic talar deformities, surgical treatment can lead to a favorable outcome. According to concrete status of malunions or nonunions after displaced talar fractures, suitable surgical treatment should be applied to obtain satisfactory outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China. Email: yuguangrong2002@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jia-qian
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yi-gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zwipp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001174:Arthrodesis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy; D013628:Talus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult