title: Downregulation of angiogenin transcript levels and inhibition of colonic carcinoma by gum arabic (Acacia senegal).
abstract: Gum Arabic (GA), a nutrient from dried exudate of Acacia senegal, is widely used as emulsifier and stabilizer. It stimulates sodium and water absorption in diarrhea. This study explored the effects of GA in colonic tissue. Mice were treated with GA (10% wt/vol) in drinking water and gene array was performed. As GA modified several tumor-relevant genes, chemical cancerogenesis (intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine followed by 3 cycles of 3% dextrane sodium sulphate in drinking water) was induced with or without GA treatment. Within 4 days, GA treatment decreased the colonic transcript levels of the angiogenetic factors angiogenin 1, angiogenin 3, and angiogenin 4 by 78 +/- 18%, 88 +/- 15%, and 92 +/- 13%, respectively (n = 5 each), and of further genes including CD38 antigen, aquaporin4, interleukin18, vav-3-oncogene, gamma(+)-amino acid transporter, sulfatase1, ubiquitinD, and chemokine ligand5. According to Western blotting, GA treatment similarly decreased angiogenin protein expression, and according to immunohistochemistry, it decreased ss-catenin expression. Chemical cancerogenesis resulted in multiple colonic tumors within 12 wk. GA treatment (10% wt/wt) in drinking water significantly decreased the number of tumors by 70%. The observations disclose a powerful anticarcinogenic effect of GA. The nutrient could thus be used for the prophylaxis against colon carcinoma particularly in individuals at enhanced risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstrasse 5, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Omaima
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Föller
authors.forename: Madhuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandaru
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandulache
authors.forename: Ferruh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Artunc
authors.forename: Teresa F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmada
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klingel
authors.forename: Amal M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006170:Gum Arabic; C046366:angiogenin; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine