title: Anterior opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: the effect of increasing posterior tibial slope on ligament strain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a previous study showed that anterior opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for sagittal plane correction induced no increased strain in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), we hypothesized that other ligamentous restraints of the knee may be subjected to increased strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We mounted 6 cadaveric knees at 15 degrees flexion in a testing apparatus that provided compressive and anterior loading. We measured the strain in the ACL, posterior (PCL), medial (MCL) and lateral (LCL) ligaments for 6 randomized loading combinations and 3 conditions: intact, after anterior opening wedge HTO with a 5-mm plate and with a 10-mm plate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ACL strain decreased from 0.84% (standard deviation [SD] 1.50%) at baseline to -6.28% (SD 5.40%) with a 5-mm anterior opening wedge osteotomy and to -6.77% (SD 4.79%) with a 10-mm osteotomy. Stepwise regressions yielded no significant effect of compression, anterior loading or osteotomy on PCL, MCL or LCL strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing the posterior slope via HTO did not increase strain in the PCL, MCL or LCL.
authors.affiliation: McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Martineau
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fening
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miniaci
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D001860:Bone Plates; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D017888:Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*