title: Safety evaluation of telbivudine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) often requires long-term oral nucleoside/nucleotide agents which can be associated with viral resistance, patient non-compliance and adverse effects. Telbivudine is one of the more potent options available, with a 6.5- to 6.6-log copies/ml hepatitis B DNA reduction at 12 weeks in an early viral kinetic study, a potency comparable to entecavir. It is also one of the few drugs in the treatment of CHB under FDA pregnancy Category B.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy and safety profile of telbivudine in compensated and decompensated CHB patients compared to other agents are discussed. Viral resistance, characteristic adverse effects including elevation in creatine kinase and peripheral neuropathy in telbivudine treatment are reviewed. Infrequent but significant adverse effects of other nucleoside/nucleotide analogs are highlighted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Readers are provided the latest update on the clinical profile of long-term use of telbivudine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term telbivudine treatment offers effective viral suppression to CHB patients with certain baseline characteristics and on-treatment virologic response. Creatine kinase elevation is not a good predictor of muscle-related adverse effects with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. But significant myopathy and neuropathy have been reported in a small number of patients receiving telbivudine.
authors.affiliation: University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Department of Medicine, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: David Yiu-Kuen
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: But
authors.forename: Man-Fung
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Ching-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000077712:Telbivudine; D013936:Thymidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009705:Nucleosides; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D000077712:Telbivudine; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D013936:Thymidine