Review: association between angiotensin converting enzyme G2350A polymorphism and hypertension risk: a meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
An exonic polymorphism G2350A (rs4343) in angiotensin converting enzyme (protein: ACE; gene: ACE) was shown to exert the most significant influence on plasma ACE levels. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to investigate association of ACE G2350A polymorphism with hypertension.


METHODS
Published case-control studies in English were identified. A total of four studies with 1699 cases and 1274 controls were identified. A random-effects model was performed irrespective of the between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed in duplicate.


RESULTS
Compared with 2350G, the ACE 2350A allele conferred a protective effect on hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.18; p = .28). Similarly, comparisons of 2350AA and 2350GA with 2350GG generated a nonsignificant reduced risk, respectively. Under the dominant model, the ACE 2350A allele conferred a reduced hypertension risk and such associations were divergent between Han Chinese and Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan. Under the recessive model, this protective effect was totally reversed (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.33; p = .94). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant protective effect of ACE 2350A compared with 2350G among Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42-0.71; p < .00001). No publication biases were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that the ACE 2350A allele is associated with a significantly reduced hypertension risk among Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan, yet an elevated risk among Han Chinese.
Wenquan Niu
State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China. niuwenquan@yahoo.cn
Yue Qi
Pingjin Gao
Dingliang Zhu
D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017594:Publication Bias; D012307:Risk Factors
D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A