title: Hippophae rhamnoides attenuates nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rat liver.
abstract: The effects of vitamin E and Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) extract (HRe-1) on nicotine-induced oxidative stress in rat liver were investigated. Four groups, eight rats each, were used in this study, and the supplementation period was 3 weeks. The groups were: nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal (i.p.)); nicotine plus vitamin E (75 mg/kg/day, intragastric (i.g.)); nicotine plus HRe-1 (250 mg/kg/day, i.g.); and the control group. The malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities were measured spectrophotometrically in supernatants of the tissue homogenates. Nicotine increased the malondialdehyde level in liver tissue compared with control. This nicotine-induced increase in lipid peroxidation was prevented by both vitamin E and HRe-1. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the nicotine plus vitamin E-supplemented group compared with nicotine and control groups. Glutathione reductase activity was higher in the nicotine group compared with the control group. However, glutathione peroxidase activity in the control group was higher than the levels in the nicotine, and the nicotine plus HRe-1 supplemented groups. The nitric oxide level was higher in the nicotine group compared with all other groups. Total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities and glutathione S-transferase activity were not affected by any of the treatments. Our results suggest that Hippophae rhamnoides extract as well as vitamin E can protect the liver against nicotine-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyithan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taysi
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gumustekin
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aktas
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oztasan
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: Halis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suleyman
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dane
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005638:Fruit; D031281:Hippophae; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014810:Vitamin E; D009538:Nicotine