title: Role of insulin on jejunal PepT1 expression and function regulation in diabetic male and female rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the jejunal oligopeptide transporter PepT1 is regulated by insulin and whether this regulation is sex-dependent in type 1 diabetic rats. PepT1 expression, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blots were performed using jejunal segments from 4 groups of male and female rats: normal (nondiabetic), insulin-treated nondiabetic, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (type 1 diabetes), and insulin-treated diabetic models. Furthermore, the same segments from all groups underwent perfusion to assess uptake of the dipeptide glycylsarcosine through PepT1. Our results showed that insulin treatment of nondiabetic female rats decreased blood glucose level but did not affect nondiabetic male rats. In both male and female diabetic rats, insulin did not completely decrease blood glucose level. Insulin treatment decreased PepT1 mRNA level in nondiabetic male rats and increased mRNA level in nondiabetic female rats without affecting the PepT1 protein level in either sex. Inducing diabetes with STZ increased PepT1 mRNA and protein levels in female rats; however, in diabetic male rats, the increase in mRNA level was accompanied by a decrease in PepT1 protein level. Treatment of diabetic male rats with insulin partially reversed the effect of diabetes on PepT1 mRNA and protein levels, whereas the same treatment completely restored both PepT1 mRNA and protein to control levels in insulin-treated diabetic female rats. In both nondiabetic male and female rats, insulin treatment had no effect on PepT1 influx rate, and STZ treatment decreased the transporter influx rate. Treatment of diabetic male and female rats with insulin significantly increased PepT1 influx rate; however, complete recovery was found only in diabetic female rats. These results clearly show that insulin and diabetes affected blood glucose level as well as PepT1 activity, expression, and protein levels in a sex-dependent manner. These results suggest that a factor, probably estrogen, could be responsible for the sex-dependent effects of diabetes and insulin in PepT1 level and activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Asdghig H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Der-Boghossian
authors.forename: Sara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.forename: Chantale
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Provost
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Lina N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kadi
authors.forename: Nahla G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Abla M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sibai
authors.forename: Nadim W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: El-Majzoub
authors.forename: Anwar B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bikhazi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000074011:Peptide Transporter 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017931:DNA Primers; D004151:Dipeptides; D004967:Estrogens; D007328:Insulin; D000074011:Peptide Transporter 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C489940:Slc15a1 protein, rat; D027981:Symporters; C004194:glycylsarcosine