[Physiological mechanisms in the development of adiposity].
The phenomenon of the so-called "obesity pandemic" having arisen over the last decades has to be, in large part, attributed to changes of lifestyle and the associated changes in dietary habits and physical activity observed world-wide. The resulting interference in energy homeostasis plays a central role in the development of obesity in a large proportion of the population worldwide. In this article, current knowledge about central biological mechanisms of energy intake, energy storage, and energy expenditure is summarized. This includes, for example, the feeling of hunger/satiety, lipid turnover with the two components of lipolysis and lipogenesis, adipogenesis, as well as energy-consuming processes like (adaptive) thermogenesis, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity energy expenditure. Based on examples, the possible influence of genetic polymorphisms contributing to the development of adiposity are illustrated.
Winkler
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S
Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin, Universität Bremen, Linzer Str. 10, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland. winkler@bips.uni-bremen.de
Picó
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C
Ahrens
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W
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D007223:Infant; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058873:Pandemics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult