title: [Urology and National Socialism: the fate of Alexander von Lichtenberg 1880-1949].
abstract: Alexander von Lichtenberg (1880-1949) was one of the famous members of the German Urological Society (DGU) in pre-war Germany. He introduced excretion urography and a special TURP Instrument. In 1928 he was president of the 8th meeting held in the German capital Berlin. His Handbook of Urology, released by Ferdinand Springer publishing house, was a trendsetter in establishing urology as a specialty in Germany and bringing together the whole wisdom of all aspects of urology. He was the founder of the famous Maximilian Nitze Award of the DGU. As a Jew he-like many others-was forced to leave Nazi Germany after 1933. Even in Hungary, his native country, he again had to resist anti-Semitic hostility. Later on he lived in Mexico. Alexander von Lichtenberg has to be remembered with special focus on the exodus of German Jewish scientists during the Nazi time.
authors.affiliation: Curator Museum zur Geschichte der Urologie, Urologische Klinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Krankenhaus Holweide, Neufelder Strasse 32, 51067, Köln, Deutschland. friedrich.moll@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krischel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rathert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fangerau
mesh_terms: D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007585:Jews / Q000266:history*; D028683:National Socialism / Q000266:history*; D011287:Prejudice; D014567:Urography / Q000266:history*; D014572:Urology / Q000266:history*