title: Patient selection criteria for pilot studies on amelioration of non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by accumulation of macular drusen, changes in pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium, and geographic atrophy. The purposes of this study were to (1) measure the rate of progression of non-neovascular AMD and (2) from the rate data, to propose patient selection criteria for testing drugs to prevent progression of non-neovascular AMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts were searched for all AMD billing codes, consecutively reviewed, and 51 patients with a median age of 76 years were mined for severity of AMD using a standardized worsening scale from 0 to 6, visual acuity (VA, Snellen), medications or procedures to treat eye diseases, date of eye examinations, age, and sex. Individual eyes, excluding those with cataract, were grouped and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using all grades, VA (logMAR) was positively correlated with AMD scores (P < 0.0001, n = 66). The median length of time to progress from AMD grade 3 or 4 to the next grade was 1.0 (n = 14) and 1.7 years (n = 7), respectively. Statistical analyses predicted that drug-treated and nontreated groups, each containing 409 grade 3 and 4 AMD eyes, could detect 50% drug inhibition (P = 0.05) in a 2-year trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VA measurements and structural AMD grades would be useful markers in clinical trials on non-neovascular AMD. Recruiting only grade 3 and 4 patients may be ideal for time- and cost-efficient pilot drug efficacy studies on moderately progressing non-neovascular AMD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd ., Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Shearer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015594:Optic Disk Drusen / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium; D014792:Visual Acuity; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*