title: Emergency department contact prior to suicide in mental health patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe attendance at emergency departments (EDs) in the year prior to suicide for a sample of mental health patients. To examine the characteristics of those who attended (particularly those who attended frequently) prior to suicide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case review of ED records for 286 individuals who died within 12 months of mental health contact in North West England (2003-2005).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases identified through the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide were checked against regional EDs to establish attendance in the year prior to death. Records were examined to establish the number of attendances, reason for the final, non-fatal attendance, treatment offered and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-four (43%) individuals had attended the ED at least once in the year prior to their death, and of these, 35 (28%) had attended the ED on more than three occasions. These frequent attenders died by suicide significantly sooner after their final, non-fatal attendance than other attenders. A clinical history of alcohol misuse was also associated with early death following ED attendance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 40% of our clinical sample attended an ED in the year prior to death, and some individuals attended particularly frequently. EDs may therefore represent an important additional setting for suicide prevention in mental health patients. The majority of attendances prior to suicide were for self-harm or to request psychiatric help. Clinicians should be alert to the risk associated with such presentations and to the possible association between frequent attendance and suicide.
authors.affiliation: The National Confidential Inquiry, University of Manchester, Community Based Medicine, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. damian.dacruz@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Cruz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: While
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Swinson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult; D000092864:Suicide Prevention