Translating current dietary guidelines into a culturally tailored nutrition education program for Korean American immigrants with type 2 diabetes.
The purpose of this article is to describe the process of translating evidence-based dietary guidelines into a tailored nutrition education program for Korean American immigrants (KAI) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).



Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a research process involving researchers and communities to build a collaborative partnership. The study was conducted at a community-based organization. In a total of 79 KAI (intervention, n = 40; control, n = 39) with uncontrolled type 2 DM (A1C ≥ 7.5%), 44.3% were female and the mean age was 56. 5 ± 7.9 years. A culturally tailored nutrition education was developed by identifying community needs and evaluating research evidence. The efficacy and acceptability of the program was assessed.



In translating dietary guidelines into a culturally relevant nutrition education, culturally tailored dietary recommendations and education instruments were used. While dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were used to frame nutrition recommendations, additional content was adopted from the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) guidelines. Culturally relevant intervention materials, such as Korean food models and an individually tailored serving table, were utilized to solidify nutritional concepts as well as to facilitate meal planning. Evaluation of the education revealed significantly increased DM-specific nutrition knowledge in the intervention group. The participants' satisfaction with the education was 9.7 on a 0 to 10-point scale.



The systematic translation approach was useful for producing a culturally tailored nutrition education program for KAI. The program was effective in improving the participants' DM-specific nutrition knowledge and yielded a high level of satisfaction. Future research is warranted to determine the effect of a culturally tailored nutrition education on other clinical outcomes.
Song
Hee-Jung
HJ
The Department of Health Systems and Outcomes, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Song, Dr Han, Tam Nguyen, Dr Kim)
Han
Hae-Ra
HR
The Department of Health Systems and Outcomes, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Song, Dr Han, Tam Nguyen, Dr Kim)
Lee
Jong-Eun
JE
College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Dr Lee)
Kim
Jiyun
J
The Department of Health Systems and Outcomes, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Song, Dr Han, Tam Nguyen, Dr Kim)
Kim
Kim B
KB
Department of Nursing, Kyungwon University, Seongnam, Korea (Dr Kim)
Nguyen
Tam
T
The Department of Health Systems and Outcomes, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Song, Dr Han, Tam Nguyen, Dr Kim)
Kim
Miyong T
MT
Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, Maryland (Dr Kim)
D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic / Q000592:standards*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014175:Translating; D014481:United States