title: Secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact: Alternative accounts and underlying processes.
abstract: Although intergroup contact is one of the most prominent interventions to reduce prejudice, the generalization of contact effects is still a contentious issue. This research further examined the rarely studied secondary transfer effect (STE; Pettigrew, 2009), by which contact with a primary outgroup reduces prejudice toward secondary groups that are not directly involved in the contact. Across 3 cross-sectional studies conducted in Cyprus (N = 1,653), Northern Ireland (N = 1,973), and Texas (N = 275) and 1 longitudinal study conducted in Northern Ireland (N = 411), the present research sought to systematically rule out alternative accounts of the STE and to investigate 2 potential mediating mechanisms (ingroup reappraisal and attitude generalization). Results indicated that, consistent with the STE, contact with a primary outgroup predicts attitudes toward secondary outgroups, over and above contact with the secondary outgroup, socially desirable responding, and prior attitudes. Mediation analyses found strong evidence for attitude generalization but only limited evidence for ingroup reappraisal as an underlying process. Two out of 3 tests of a reverse model, where contact with the secondary outgroup predicts attitudes toward the primary outgroup, provide further evidence for an indirect effect through attitude generalization. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, and directions for future research are identified.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales. tauschn@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tausch
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewstone
authors.forename: Jared B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kenworthy
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Psaltis
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Popan
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001290:Attitude; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003535:Cyprus; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009660:Northern Ireland; D012649:Self Concept; D012928:Social Desirability; D012933:Social Identification; D013240:Stereotyping; D013781:Texas; D055815:Young Adult