title: Deceased-donor kidney transplantation: improvement in long-term survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite marked improvement in short-term renal allograft survival rates (GSR) in recent years, improvement in long-term GSR remained elusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the kidney transplant experience at our centre accrued over four decades to evaluate how short-term and long-term GSR had changed and to identify risk factors affecting graft survival. The study included 1476 adult recipients of a deceased-donor kidney transplant who were transplanted between 1963 and 2006 and who had received one of five distinct immunosuppressive protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year actual GSR steadily improved over the years as immunosuppressive therapy evolved (22-86%, P < 0.001) in spite of an increasing trend in the transplantation of higher-risk donor-recipient pairings. For those whose grafts functioned for the first year, subsequent 4-year GSR (5-year conditional GSR) also improved significantly (63-92%, P < 0.001). Acute rejection and delayed graft function (DGF) were the most significant risk factors for actual graft survival, while acute rejection was the only significant risk factor for conditional GSR. Use of kidneys from expanded-criteria donors (ECD) was not a risk factor, compared to the use of standard-criteria donor kidneys for either 5-year actual or conditional GSR. There was an impressive decline in the incidence of acute rejection events (77.4-5.8%, P < 0.001). While the DGF rate had decreased, it still remained high (68.7-38.5%, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a significant improvement in both short-term and long-term GSR of deceased-donor kidney transplants over the last four decades. These improvements are most likely related to the decreased incidence of acute rejection episodes. Minimizing acute rejection events and preventing DGF could result in further improvement in the GSR. Our experience in the judicious use of ECD kidneys suggests that this source of kidneys could be expanded further.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, USA. dserur@nyp.org
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serur
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saal
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bologa
authors.forename: Choli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartono
authors.forename: Darshana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dadhania
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Sandip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stubenbord
authors.forename: Rimma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belenkaya
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Surya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seshan
authors.forename: Quanhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stenzel
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riggio
authors.forename: Jhoong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheigh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D051799:Delayed Graft Function / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents