title: Study of the molecular mechanisms involved in high-level macrolide resistance of Spanish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the high-level erythromycin resistance of clinical Spanish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall susceptibilities of 678 C. jejuni and 119 C. coli strains, collected from 10 Spanish provinces during 2006 and 2007, were determined by Etest. In high-level erythromycin-resistant strains, molecular determinants were studied. The analysis was focused on region V of the 23S rRNA gene, the rplD and rplV ribosomal genes, and the regulatory region of the CmeABC efflux pump.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global resistance rate to erythromycin was 3.8%. Among the resistant strains, 93% were C. coli and 7% were C. jejuni. The A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was detected in all of the resistant strains except for two, which carried the A2074G mutation. None of the ribosomal rplD and rplV genes harboured the described mutations that confer resistance to macrolides. Different mutations affecting the regulatory region of the CmeABC efflux pump were also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. coli strains are clearly more resistant to erythromycin than C. jejuni. The mutation A2075G in the 23S rRNA gene was responsible for the resistance in most of the strains; A2074G was only found in two strains. Further studies are required to ascertain the effect of mutations in the regulatory region of cmeABC. Our data indicate that the rate of resistance was similar to that of other European countries.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Campylobacter, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. dpboto@isciii.es
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez-Boto
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López-Portolés
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simón
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdezate
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Echeita
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017354:Point Mutation; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000235:genetics; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D018942:Macrolides; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins