title: Long term survival and complications after liver transplantation in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following introduction of effective antiviral prophylaxis, recurrent hepatitis B after liver transplantation (LT) has become a rare event.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2001, 402 patients underwent 467 LTs at our center including 24 individuals (28 LTs) with chronic hepatitis B. All patients received HBIg prophylaxis; 23 in combination with lamivudine and one (YMDD mutant) received adefovir.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients (46%) had HCC (five outside the Milan criteria); only one died from tumor recurrence four years post LT. The one-year graft and patient survival were 87% and 92%, respectively. Currently 19 patients (79%) are alive with well functioning grafts (minimum follow up of >7 years). No patient developed recurrent hepatitis B; 12 currently receive lamivudine/HBIg, 3 lamivudine monotherapy, 3 discontinued antivirals. Follow up liver biopsies showed minimally active or no active hepatitis and negative HBV immunostains in all patients. Long term comorbid conditions included hypertension (77%), chronic renal failure (50%), diabetes mellitus (77%), hyperlipidemia (36%), obesity (55%), malignancies (37%) and neuropsychiatric disorders (55%). During the study period, 24 individuals (6%) were transplanted for chronic hepatitis B as opposed to only 38 individuals (3.3%) from 2002 to 6/2008 (1298 LTs in 1162 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LT for chronic HBV produced excellent long term results despite inclusion of patients with HCC outside the Milan criteria. Long term medical complications must be considered. Indication for LT for chronic HBV is declining but long term development of resistance remains a matter of concern.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Transplant Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yataco
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonatti
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Machicao
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghabril
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aranda-Michel
authors.forename: Rolland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D063065:Organophosphonates; D019259:Lamivudine; C053001:adefovir; D000225:Adenine; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin