title: Prevalence and risk factors for colonisation with extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriacae vis-à-vis usage of antimicrobials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A point prevalence study was carried out in a teaching hospital in Assam to determine the prevalence, sensitivity profile and risk factors for acquisition of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteriacae vis-upsilon-vis amount and pattern of antibiotic use.
  
  
  METHODS
  ESBL was detected by double disc synergy method. Defined daily dose and bed-days were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colonisation rate of ESBL producing enterobacteriacae ranged from 14% (n=73) in medicine to the highest 41% (n=29) in orthopaedic with an intermediate 23% (n=80) in surgery. Presence of ESBL was found to be strongly associated with resistance to specific classes of antimicrobials. Exposure to cefotaxime and gentamicin, and surgery were risk factors for acquiring ESBL producing enterobacteriacae. Non-ESBL producing community isolates were found to be considerably more sensitive to different antibiotics with no resistance detected to trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirms the role of certain 'high risk' antimicrobials in acquisition of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and shows that periodic cohort studies could be an effective strategy in surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals of resource poor countries to inform antibiotic policy and treatment guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Rake Lane, NE288NH, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases