title: Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from CD38 knockout mice are resistant to oxidative stresses through inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and Ca(2+) overload.
abstract: CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme that has both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities, being capable of cleaving NAD(+) to cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) and hydrolyzing cADPR to ADPR. It has been reported that there is markedly a reduction of cADPR and elevation of NAD in many tissues from CD38 knockout (CD38(-/-)) mice. Cyclic ADPR is a potent second messenger for intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and NAD is a key cellular metabolite for cellular energetic and a crucial regulator for multiple signaling pathways in cells. We hypothesize that CD38 knockout may have a protective effect in oxidative stresses through elevating NAD and decreasing cADPR. In the present study, we observed that the mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from CD38(-/-) mice were significantly resistant to oxidative stress such as H(2)O(2) injury and hypoxia/reoxygenation compared with wild type MEFs (WT MEFs). We further found that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and concentrations of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in CD38(-/-) MEFs were markedly reduced compared with WT MEFs during hypoxia/reoxygenation. Coincidence with these results, a remarkably lower mRNA level of Nox1, one of the enzymes responsible for ROS generation, was observed in CD38(-/-) MEFs. Furthermore, we found that transcription of Nox1 mRNA in WT MEFs could be elevated by calcium ionophore ionomycin in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the expression of Nox1 mRNA can be regulated by elevation of intracellular [Ca(2+)]. Therefore we concluded that CD38(-/-) MEFs are resistant to oxidative stresses through inhibiting intracellular Ca(2+) overload and ROS production which may be regulated by Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of Nox1 expression. Our data should provide an insight for elucidating the roles of CD38 in oxidative stresses and a novel perspective of dealing with the ischemia/reperfusion-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Peiyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lunda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000074624:NADPH Oxidase 1; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D000074624:NADPH Oxidase 1; C000614711:NOX1 protein, mouse; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D002118:Calcium