title: Comprehensive investigation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, propylene glycol, polysorbate 80, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin for use in general toxicology studies.
abstract: This study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of the alternative formulation vehicles polysorbate 80 (PS80), propylene glycol (PG), and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in general toxicology studies in the mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. Twenty (20) mg/kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (MC, control), 10 mg/kg PS80, 1000 mg/kg PG, 500 mg/kg HPβCD, or 1000 mg/kg HPβCD were administered by oral gavage to mice, rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys for approximately 90 days. The effects of these formulations on clinical observations, body weight and food consumption parameters, clinical pathology, and histopathology were evaluated across all species. The suitability of formulations containing up to 20 mg/kg MC, 10 mg/kg PS80, and 1000 mg/kg PG for use in preclinical safety studies was confirmed by a lack of effects on all parameters examined. However, formulations containing HPβCD produced elevated transaminase (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase) levels in rats and mice and fecal changes (loose and soft stool) in large animals. Although the etiology and toxicological significance of the transaminase elevations in rats and mice is uncertain, this finding could represent a significant liability for a preclinical formulation because of the critical importance of these biomarkers in the risk assessment of novel therapeutic agents. Based on these data, PS80 and PG are considered to be practical alternatives to MC in preclinical toxicology studies. However, formulations containing HPβCD should be used with caution because of the elevations in rodent transaminase levels.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Safety Assessment, Lafayette, New Jersey 07848, USA. rnethack@gmail.com
authors.forename: Evan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Thackaberry
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopytek
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sherratt
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trouba
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000633:toxicity*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011136:Polysorbates; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D008747:Methylcellulose; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase