title: [Interventional catheterization management for patients with postoperative residual cardiovascular malformations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of interventional therapy for complex congenital heart defects patients with un-repaired or postoperative residual lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1998 and April 2009, 42 patients (12 females), mean age 6 years (5 months to 30 years) received interventional therapy, 17 cases underwent occlusion of major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs), 15 underwent device closure of residual ventricular or atrial septal shunting, 12 underwent balloon angioplasty (n = 10) and stenting (n = 2) for stenosis of the anastomosis of vessels or branched pulmonary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three MAPCAs were performed in 17 patients without residual shunting. One patient died of multiple organ failure after intervention therapy and the remaining patients discharged without complication, successful device closure was performed in 15 patients and there was minimal residual shunting in 1 patient. There were no severe arrhythmias such as complete atrio-ventricular block during and post procedure. Exercise capacities were significantly improved in 12 patients underwent balloon angioplasty or stenting. Pressure gradients were significantly decreased and there was no aneurysmal or thromboembolic formation post procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional therapy is a safe and effective therapy option for treating complex congenital heart defects patients with un-repaired or postoperative residual lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510100, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shu-shui
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yu-fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D055815:Young Adult