title: Making sense of G-quadruplex and i-motif functions in oncogene promoters.
abstract: The presence and biological importance of DNA secondary structures in eukaryotic promoters are becoming increasingly recognized among chemists and biologists as bioinformatics in vitro and in vivo evidence for these structures in the c-Myc, c-Kit, KRAS, PDGF-A, hTERT, Rb, RET and Hif-1alpha promoters accumulates. Nevertheless, the evidence remains largely circumstantial. This minireview differs from previous ones in that here we examine the diversity of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures in promoter elements and attempt to categorize the different types of arrangements in which they are found. For the c-Myc G-quadruplex and Bcl-2 i-motif, we summarize recent biological and structural studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kendrick
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004247:DNA