title: Augmented medial rectus recession, medial rectus recession plus Faden, and slanted medial rectus recession for convergence excess esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of 3 different surgical techniques for convergence excess esotropia: augmented medial rectus recession, medial rectus recession plus Faden, and slanted medial rectus recession.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with convergence excess esotropia were divided into 3 groups. Group A included 9 patients treated with medial rectus muscle recession augmented with 1-2 mm more of the standard recession. Group B included 10 patients treated with standard recession plus Faden. Group C included 10 patients treated with slanted medial rectus recession. Surgical success was defined as esotropia (ET) 10 prism diopters (Δ) or less at distance and near with collapse of distance/near disparity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satisfactory alignment with elimination of bifocal correction was noted in group A (66.6%). In groups B and C, the results were 70%. Group A patients had a mean reduction in distance/near disparity from 15.5±1.5Δ prism diopters preoperatively to 4.7±2.5Δ prism diopters postoperatively, while in group B the preoperative distance/near disparity was 16.5±1.8Δ prism diopters and decreased to 3.8±3.1Δ prism diopters postoperatively, and group C also showed reduction in distance/near disparity from 18.1±1.6Δ prism diopters preoperatively to 4.5±3.6Δ prism diopters postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 procedures are effective surgical options to treat convergence excess esotropia with acceptable motor outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. yakhalifa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yasser Mohamed
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Khalifa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D004215:Distance Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology