title: The use of CT or MRI for the one-stage placement of stents in biliary obstructions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes and evaluates a simple method of percutaneous intervention planning in order to treat obstructed biliary systems using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  CT (n=18) and MRI (n=31) examinations, which were performed during the imaging work-up of 31 patients with malignant biliary obstruction, were used to plan transhepatic percutaneous biliary intervention. The appropriate intrahepatic duct, the entry point on the skin, and the puncture direction and depth were determined on axial CT or MR images. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a 21-G needle was used for puncture, and the puncture was followed by a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, the placement of a stent, and the placement of an external drainage catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biliary system was successfully accessed on the first attempt in 16 patients (51.6%). Second or third attempts were required in eight (25.8%) and two (6.4%) patients, respectively, whereas more than three attempts were necessary for the remaining five (16.3%) patients. One-stage percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent placement was performed in 29 patients (93.5%). Two (n=1) and three (n=1) interventional sessions were required in order to successfully complete stent placement in the remaining two cases. The mean fluoroscopy time for one-stage biliary stent placement was 12.6 min +/- 2.6 min, and no major complications were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thorough CT/MRI-based planning is suggested prior to the interventional treatment of malignant biliary obstruction so as to reduce the number of needle passes, the duration of the procedure, the fluoroscopy time, and the number of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Interventional Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece. vsouftas@med.duth.gr
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Souftas
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozadinos
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mantatzis
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prassopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome