title: [Biomechanical investigation on refixation of tuberosities on shoulder prostheses. Does refixation with different suture materials offer enough stability?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elderly patients suffering from complex, non-reconstructable fractures of the proximal humerus are commonly treated by primary implantation of a shoulder endoprosthesis. One of the most critical factors for success or failure of treatment is still the refixation of the tuberosities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using sheep infraspinatus tendons with attached tuberosities three different suture materials were investigated. For 2 of the suture materials 4 tests were accomplished and 5 tests were carried out for the third suture material. A material testing machine was used to perform cyclic loading tests (20 mm/min, Fmin=50 N, Fmax=100 N, respectively after 50 cycles: Fmax+50 N until failure).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed large variations in the average maximum forces (152.4 N for suture 1, 219.9 N for suture 2 and 452.3 N for suture 3). All tests showed a high initial lengthening and caused incision-like defects in the bone or tendon and led to failure and high displacement of the tuberosities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to these results suture materials have a limited usefulness for refixation of tuberosities as an increased risk of obstruction for bony consolidation can result.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Marienkrankenhaus St. Wendel, Am Hirschberg, 66606, St. Wendel, Germany. j.fleischer@wnd.marienhaus-gmbh.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schleyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nassutt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grundei
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grittner
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hopp
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004548:Elasticity; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008422:Materials Testing; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011095:Polyethylenes; D012756:Sheep; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013537:Sutures; D013710:Tendons / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011095:Polyethylenes; C111601:ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene