title: Prediction of lymph node manifestations in malignant lymphoma: significant role of volumetric compared with established metric lymph node analysis in multislice computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of 2-dimensional and semiautomated 3-dimensional (3D) measurements to distinguish between benign and malignant lymph nodes in patients with malignant lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was performed in 33 patients before therapy for malignant lymphoma. Two hundred fifty-seven peripheral lymph nodes (mean size, 13.4 +/- 5.4 mm) were evaluated independently by 2 radiologists, both manually and with the use of semiautomated segmentation software. Long-axis diameter (LAD), short-axis diameter (SAD), maximal 3D diameter, volume, and elongation were measured. Positron emission tomography-CT and PET-CT follow-up and/or histology served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis encompassed intraclass correlation coefficients and receiver operating characteristic curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standard of reference revealed involvement in 116 (45%) of 257 lymph nodes. Manual and semiautomated LAD and SAD showed good correlation with intraclass coefficients of 0.85 and 0.72, respectively. Semiautomated prediction of malignant lymph nodes revealed the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for volume (0.760; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.639-0.887) followed by SAD (0.740; 95% CI, 0.616-0.862). The findings for LAD (0.722; 95% CI, 0.588-0.855), maximal 3D diameter (0.697; 95% CI, 0.565-0.830), and lymph node elongation (0.605; 95% CI, 0.466-0.745) were significantly lower (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volumetric lymph node analysis is significantly superior compared with established LAD in the prediction of lymph node involvement and therefore can add to the definition of peripheral lymphoma target lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany. Michael.Puesken@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puesken
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buerke
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerss
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weckesser
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seifarth
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wessling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide