title: Ethylene-induced stabilization of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-LIKE1 is mediated by proteasomal degradation of EIN3 binding F-box 1 and 2 that requires EIN2 in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Plant responses to ethylene are mediated by regulation of EBF1/2-dependent degradation of the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) transcription factor. Here, we report that the level of EIL1 protein is upregulated by ethylene through an EBF1/2-dependent pathway. Genetic analysis revealed that EIL1 and EIN3 cooperatively but differentially regulate a wide array of ethylene responses, with EIL1 mainly inhibiting leaf expansion and stem elongation in adult plants and EIN3 largely regulating a multitude of ethylene responses in seedlings. When EBF1 and EBF2 are disrupted, EIL1 and EIN3 constitutively accumulate in the nucleus and remain unresponsive to exogenous ethylene application. Further study revealed that the levels of EBF1 and EBF2 proteins are downregulated by ethylene and upregulated by silver ion and MG132, suggesting that ethylene stabilizes EIN3/EIL1 by promoting EBF1 and EBF2 proteasomal degradation. Also, we found that EIN2 is indispensable for mediating ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 accumulation and EBF1/2 degradation, whereas MKK9 is not required for ethylene signal transduction, contrary to a previous report. Together, our studies demonstrate that ethylene similarly regulates EIN3 and EIL1, the two master transcription factors coordinating myriad ethylene responses, and clarify that EIN2 but not MKK9 is required for ethylene-induced EIN3/EIL1 stabilization. Our results also reveal that EBF1 and EBF2 act as essential ethylene signal transducers that by themselves are subject to proteasomal degradation.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Fengying
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yusi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Wenyang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiangchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wenrong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shuqun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C119963:EIN2 protein, Arabidopsis; C106987:EIN3 protein, Arabidopsis; D005030:Ethylenes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014157:Transcription Factors; C036216:ethylene; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex