title: Meta-analysis of individual patient data to assess the risk of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes using NPH insulin or insulin glargine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate absolute and relative incidence rates of hypoglycaemia when using once-daily evening or morning regimens of insulin glargine (glargine) versus once-daily evening NPH insulin (NPH) using individual patient data (IPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials with accessible IPD and including white European people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using glargine or NPH once-daily (with oral glucose-lowering drugs) were identified. Two study pools were analysed: evening glargine versus evening NPH (pool 1); and morning glargine versus evening NPH (pool 2). The number-needed-to-treat to avoid hypoglycaemia was calculated for glargine versus NPH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study pool 1 (n = 2711), the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was approximately halved with glargine compared with NPH [odds ratios (OR): 0.44-0.52, p < 0.001-0.047]. This led to a significant reduction in anytime risk of symptomatic hypoglycaemia [plasma glucose (PG) <3.9 mmol/l, OR: 0.64, p = 0.018; PG <2.0 mmol/l, OR: 0.51, p < 0.001]. In study pool 2 (n = 470), although a strong numerical reduction in all types of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was observed (OR: 0.16-0.64), statistical significance was reached only for symptomatic hypoglycaemia with PG <3.9 mmol/l (p < 0.001). Eight (pool 1) or five (pool 2) people with T2DM needed to use glargine rather than NPH to avoid one person from experiencing a nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemic event within a median of about 25 weeks of starting insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis of open-label studies provides confidence that reductions of around 50% of risk for nocturnal hypoglycaemia can be achieved with using glargine instead of NPH.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine-Diabetes, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. philip.home@newcastle.ac.uk
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Home
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schinzel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massi-Benedetti
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane