title: Cytokine expression and accelerated tooth movement.
abstract: It has been shown that inhibiting the expression of certain cytokines decreases the rate of tooth movement. Here, we hypothesized that stimulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, through small perforations of cortical bone, increases the rate of bone remodeling and tooth movement. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: 50-cN force applied to the maxillary first molar (O), force application plus soft tissue flap (OF), force application plus flap plus 3 small perforations of the cortical plate (OFP), and a control group (C). From the 92 cytokines studied, the expression of 37 cytokines increased significantly in all experimental groups, with 21 cytokines showing the highest levels in the OFP group. After 28 days, micro-computed tomography, light and fluorescent microscopy, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated higher numbers of osteoclasts and bone remodeling activity in the OFP group, accompanied by generalized osteoporosity and increased rate of tooth movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chartres
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thant
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khabensky
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Gart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikhani
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000276:immunology; D002452:Cell Count; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008963:Molar / Q000502:physiology; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D010027:Osteotomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000032:analysis; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000032:analysis; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine