title: [The study on the interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-albumin adducts and various risk factors to primary hepatocellular carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the interaction of PAH exposure and other HCC risk factors to HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline blood samples, collected from 345 HCC cases and 961 controls, were used to determine the level of PAH-albumin adducts by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of PAH-albumin adducts on risk of HCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean level of PAH-albumin adducts was significantly higher in cases than in controls ((5.68 +/- 0.72) fmol/mg albumin vs (5.46 +/- 0.63) fmol/mg albumin) (u = 5.98, P < 0.01). When compared to subjects in the lowest quantile (< 1.76 fmol/mg albumin), there was an increase in risk of HCC, with adjusted ORs (95%CI) of 1.03 (0.65 - 1.60), 1.18 (0.76 - 1.78), 2.01 (1.42 - 2.82) for subjects in the second (1.76-fmol/mg albumin), the third (15.28-fmol/mg albumin), and the fourth quantile (> 34.21 fmol/mg albumin), respectively (chi(2)(trend) = 15.06, P < 0.01). There was a significant interaction between PAH-albumin adducts and HBsAg, family history of cancer and diabetes mellitus on HCC after adjusted for other risk factors, and relative excess risks due to the interaction (RERI) were 2.50 (u = 3.60, P < 0.01), 0.52 (u = 2.13, P < 0.05) and 0.88 (u = 2.26, P < 0.05), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAH-albumin adducts was related with HCC, and there is a trend of HCC prevalence increasing with the content of PAH-albumin adducts. There are interactions between PAH-albumin adducts and HBV infection, family history of cancer and diabetes mellitus on HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. benhuazhao@163.com
authors.forename: Ben-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons