title: A model for the roll-out of comprehensive adult male circumcision services in African low-income settings of high HIV incidence: the ANRS 12126 Bophelo Pele Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  World Health Organization (WHO)/Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) has recommended adult male circumcision (AMC) for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men from communities where HIV is hyperendemic and AMC prevalence is low. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the roll-out of medicalized AMC according to UNAIDS/WHO operational guidelines in a targeted African setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANRS 12126 "Bophelo Pele" project was implemented in 2008 in the township of Orange Farm (South Africa). It became functional in 5 mo once local and ethical authorizations were obtained. Project activities involved community mobilization and outreach, as well as communication approaches aimed at both men and women incorporating broader HIV prevention strategies and promoting sexual health. Free medicalized AMC was offered to male residents aged 15 y and over at the project's main center, which had been designed for low-income settings. Through the establishment of an innovative surgical organization, up to 150 AMCs under local anesthesia, with sterilized circumcision disposable kits and electrocautery, could be performed per day by three task-sharing teams of one medical circumciser and five nurses. Community support for the project was high. As of November 2009, 14,011 men had been circumcised, averaging 740 per month in the past 12 mo, and 27.5% of project participants agreed to be tested for HIV. The rate of adverse events, none of which resulted in permanent damage or death, was 1.8%. Most of the men surveyed (92%) rated the services provided positively. An estimated 39.1% of adult uncircumcised male residents have undergone surgery and uptake is steadily increasing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that a quality AMC roll-out adapted to African low-income settings is feasible and can be implemented quickly and safely according to international guidelines. The project can be a model for the scale-up of comprehensive AMC services, which could be tailored for other rural and urban communities of high HIV prevalence and low AMC rates in Eastern and Southern Africa. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1018 Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissouba
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taljaard
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rech
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shabangu
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nhlapo
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otchere-Darko
authors.forename: Thabo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashigo
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Billy
authors.forename: Bertran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Auvert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult