title: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT): 12-month outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial in a Polish emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A randomized controlled trial of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) among at-risk (based on average number of drinks per week and drinks per drinking day) and dependent drinkers was conducted in an emergency department (ED) among 446 patients 18 and older in Sosnowiec, Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were recruited over a 23-week period (4:00 pm to 12:00 midnight) and randomized to 1 of 3 conditions: screened-only (n = 147), assessed (n = 152), and intervention (n = 147). Patients in the assessed and intervention conditions were blindly reassessed via a telephone interview at 3 months, and all 3 groups were assessed at 12 months (screened-only = 92, assessed = 99, and intervention = 87).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found across the 3 conditions in at-risk drinking at 12 months, as the primary outcome variable, or in decrease in the number of drinks per drinking day, with all 3 groups showing a significant reduction in both. Significant declines between baseline and 12 months in secondary outcomes of the RAPS4, number of drinking days per week, and the maximum number of drinks on an occasion were seen only for the intervention condition, and in negative consequences for both the assessment and intervention conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that improvements in drinking outcomes found in the assessment condition were not because of assessment reactivity, with both the screened and intervention conditions demonstrating greater (although nonsignificant) improvement than the assessed condition. Only those in the intervention condition showed significant improvement in all outcome variables from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Although group by time interaction effects were not found to be significant, these findings suggest that declines in drinking measures for those receiving a brief intervention can be maintained at long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, California, USA. ccherpitel@arg.org
authors.forename: Cheryl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Korcha
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moskalewicz
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Swiatkiewicz
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D018579:Patient Selection; D011044:Poland; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012737:Sex Factors; D014193:Trauma Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome