title: Role of CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein in panobinostat-mediated potentiation of bortezomib-induced lethal endoplasmic reticulum stress in mantle cell lymphoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bortezomib induces unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as exhibits clinical activity in patients with relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we determined the molecular basis of the improved in vitro and in vivo activity of the combination of the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat and bortezomib against human, cultured, and primary MCL cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoblot analyses, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunofluorescent and electron microscopy were used to determine the effects of panobinostat on bortezomib-induced aggresome formation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in MCL cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with panobinostat induced heat shock protein 90 acetylation; depleted the levels of heat shock protein 90 client proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, c-RAF, and AKT; and abrogated bortezomib-induced aggresome formation in MCL cells. Panobinostat also induced lethal UPR, associated with induction of CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Conversely, knockdown of CHOP attenuated panobinostat-induced cell death of MCL cells. Compared with each agent alone, cotreatment with panobinostat increased bortezomib-induced expression of CHOP and NOXA, as well as increased bortezomib-induced UPR and apoptosis of cultured and primary MCL cells. Cotreatment with panobinostat also increased bortezomib-mediated in vivo tumor growth inhibition and improved survival of mice bearing human Z138C MCL cell xenograft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that increased UPR and induction of CHOP are involved in enhanced anti-MCL activity of the combination of panobinostat and bortezomib.
authors.affiliation: The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Srilatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nalluri
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fiskus
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savoie
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Kyungsoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balusu
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Coothankandaswamy
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sotomayor
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atadja
authors.forename: Kapil N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Bhalla
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles; D020522:Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D000077767:Panobinostat; D017510:Protein Folding / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D015996:Survival Rate; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007211:Indoles; C498702:PMAIP1 protein, human; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011719:Pyrazines; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000077767:Panobinostat