title: NOV/CCN3 upregulates CCL2 and CXCL1 expression in astrocytes through beta1 and beta5 integrins.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that CCN matricellular proteins play important roles in inflammation. One of the major cell types that handle inflammation in the brain is the astrocyte, which, upon activation, dramatically increases its production of cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report that NOV/CCN3, added to primary cultured rat brain astrocytes, markedly increased the expression of CCL2 and CXCL1 chemokines, as indicated by ELISA and RT-qPCR assays. This effect was selective, as the production of thirteen other cytokines and chemokines was not affected by NOV. NOV expression by astrocytes was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis, and astrocyte transfection with NOV small interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly decreased CXCL1 and CCL2 production, indicating that endogenous NOV played a major role in the control of astrocytic chemokine synthesis. NOV was shown to mediate several of its actions through integrins. Here, we observed that siRNAs against integrins beta1 and beta5 decreased basal and abrogated NOV-stimulated astrocyte expression of CCL2 and CXCL1, respectively. Using a panel of kinase inhibitors, we demonstrated that NOV action on CCL2 and CXCL1 production involved a Rho/ROCK/JNK/NF-kappaB and a Rho/qROCK/p38/NF-kappaB pathway, respectively. Thus, distinct integrins and signaling mechanisms are involved in NOV-induced production of CCL2 and CXCL1 in astrocytes. Finally, astrocytic expression of NOV was detected in rat brain tissue sections, and NOV intracerebral injection increased CCL2 and CXCL1 brain levels in vivo. Altogether, our data shed light on the signaling pathways operated by NOV and strongly suggest that NOV mediates astrocyte activation and, therefore, might play a role in neuroinflammation.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Dréau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kular
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nicot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calmel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melik-Parsadaniantz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kitabgi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinerie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000378:metabolism*; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D055514:Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D039641:Integrin beta Chains; D019012:Integrin beta1; D055514:Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C084344:integrin beta5