title: A novel in vivo ovine model of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Even with the introduction of specific risk-reduction strategies, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) continues to be a leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Existing small animal models have not yet investigated TRALI resulting from the infusion of heat-treated supernatant from whole blood platelet concentrates. In this study, our objective was the development of a novel in vivo two-event model of TRALI in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 15 μg/kg) as a first event, modelled clinical infection. Transfusion (estimated at 10% of total blood volume) of heat-treated pooled supernatant from date-of-expire human whole blood platelet concentrates (d5-PLT-S/N) was used as a second event. TRALI was defined by both hypoxaemia that developed either during the transfusion or within two hours of its completion and post-mortem histological evidence of pulmonary oedema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS infusion did not cause lung injury itself, but did result in decreased circulating levels of lymphocytes and neutrophils with evidence of the latter becoming sequestered in the lungs. Sheep that received LPS (first event) followed by d5-PLT-S/N (second event) displayed decreased pulmonary compliance, decreased end tidal CO(2) and increased arterial partial pressure of CO(2) relative to control sheep, and 80% of these sheep developed TRALI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel ovine two-event TRALI model presents a new tool for the investigation of TRALI pathogenesis. It represents the first description of an in vivo large animal model of TRALI and the first description of TRALI caused by transfusion with heat-treated pooled supernatant from human whole blood platelet concentrates.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. jtung@arcbs.redcross.org.au
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nataatmadja
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Colebourne
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Esmaeel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides