title: Cardiac complications of systemic sclerosis: recent progress in diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a collagen vascular disease characterized by diverse organ system involvement, is associated with serious cardiac complications. Cardiac symptoms are much less frequent than autopsy-demonstrated cardiac involvement. Although frequent calls for early diagnosis have been made, validated strategies for assessment of scleroderma cardiac disease are not yet well established, mainly because the right ventricle, a common target of the disease, presents considerable obstacles to simple and reliable appraisal of its structure and function. This article reviews the current information about cardiac dysfunction in scleroderma, with special emphasis on its detection and prognostic implications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac involvement is a harbinger of poor prognosis in patients with SSc. Recent progress in its diagnosis has been made with the availability of more sophisticated diagnostic tools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early detection of scleroderma heart disease will allow exploration of novel therapies with potential positive impact on the quality of life and life expectancy of this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boueiz
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hummers
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hassoun
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D065627:Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology