title: Removal of CSF pixels on brain MR perfusion images using first several images and Otsu's thresholding technique.
abstract: Brain MR perfusion imaging is used to evaluate local perfusion in patients with cerebral vascular disease. Quantitative measurements on the hemodynamic parameters and volume of brain with abnormal perfusion provide an estimation of the severity of the brain perfusion defect. However, quantitative measurements of these focal cerebral hemodynamic parameters are limited by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pixels. We noticed that the CSF has a higher signal than other tissue types on the first perfusion image, which is usually discarded in routine parametric image calculations. This signal difference, however, can be used to segment CSF pixels on the perfusion images. An image division was used to generate ratio images to compensate for spatially dependent signal variation caused by the inhomogeneity of excitation radiofrequency field. By applying an appropriate signal threshold to the ratio images, CSF pixels can be identified and removed from the parametric images. With the removal of CSF pixels, the volume of delayed-perfusion brain parenchyma can be better visualized and the interference from the CSF can be avoided. The proposed technique is simple, fast, automatic, and effective, and no extra scanning is needed to use this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Michael Mu-Huo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Wen-Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Feng-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yu-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique