title: Longitudinal in vivo imaging of retinal gliosis in a diabetic mouse model.
abstract: In this study, we visualize and quantify retinal gliosis in vivo for monitoring early diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a transgenic mouse model. Onset of diabetes was triggered via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) into transgenic F1 hybrid (FVB/N × C57BL/6J) mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. Retinal glial cells are imaged once pre-STZ treatment followed by weekly post-STZ imaging for five weeks using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Mice develop diabetes one week after STZ induction as confirmed from the high blood glucose levels (>13.9 mmol/L). A significant increase is observed in the GFAP-GFP transgene expression from astrocytic cell bodies and processes as early as week 5 for the STZ-treated mice. Retinal astrocytes also undergo hyperplasia progressively from week 0 to 5. This precedes any structural abnormalities to the retinal vasculature. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on retinal sections as well as quantitative RT-PCR of endogenous and transgene GFAP mRNA supports our in vivo observation. Our in vivo data correlates with clinical reports with regards to retinal gliosis-related inflammatory response during early diabetic retinopathy. This opens up the possibility of using in vivo molecular imaging of retinal glial cells as a platform for monitoring the efficacy of anti-DR drug candidates which intervene at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore.
authors.forename: Saravana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins