title: Biologic markers for odontogenic periradicular periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis and assessment of apical periodontitis by traditional periapical radiographs can be challenging and might yield false-negative results. The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used as biological markers for apical periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy patients with teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis of pulpal origin were included in the study. GCF samples were obtained from the diseased tooth and from a healthy contralateral control tooth. Total protein concentration in each sample was determined by using the Bio-Rad protein assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the concentration of IL-1beta and DSP in the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein content of the GCF was statistically significantly higher in the disease group compared with the control group. The levels of IL-1beta and DSP were not statistically different between disease and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this study was unable to demonstrate a significantly higher level of IL-1beta or DSP in the GCF of teeth with apical periodontitis, the observed presence of a significantly higher level of total protein in the GCF of diseased teeth suggests the possible role of total protein level as a marker for periapical disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burgener
authors.forename: Angelique R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Hongsa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Situ
authors.forename: Mohamed I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Jian Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wenckus
authors.forename: Bradford R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: BeGole
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein