title: Calcium hydroxide induced apical barrier in fractured nonvital immature permanent incisors.
abstract: Management of trauma to an immature permanent incisor is a challenge, especially when the pulp is necrotic. The aim of this study is to discuss the management of fractured maxillary right and left central incisors with immature root apex. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the tooth 11 had convergent apical walls, whereas tooth 21 had parallel apical walls; both the incisors were treated with pure calcium hydroxide paste to induce apical development. Follow-up clinical and radiographic examinations confirmed apical barrier at 3 months. Radiograph of tooth 11 with convergent roots showed continued apical development, whereas tooth 21 showed apical bridging, following which root canal was completed in both the teeth. Therefore, in view of the simplicity of this method, we believe that calcium hydroxide can be reemphasized as one of the treatment alternatives for fractured nonvital immature permanent incisors to induce apical barrier.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. gopinath@sharjah.ac.ae
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Vellore
mesh_terms: D056624:Apexification / Q000379:methods*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000254:growth & development; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide