title: Role of local anesthetic spread pattern and electrical stimulation in ultrasound-guided musculocutaneous nerve block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate local anesthetic spread on the frequency of success of musculocutaneous nerve block, and to determine needle-to-target-nerve distance by ultrasound imaging and electrical stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 ASA physical status I and II adults (16 men and 32 women) scheduled for elective carpal tunnel release or wrist ganglion cyst surgery in an outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) was identified by ultrasound. An insulated needle connected to an electrical stimulator in the "off" position was inserted in the biceps side of the probe in the plane of the ultrasound beam. The needle tip was placed in the vicinity of the MCN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local anesthetic spread pattern was determined by ultrasound imaging. The lowest effective current intensity was registered. The average depth of the MCN was measured by ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the local anesthetic solution spread was uneven. In 32% of patients (15/47), motor response was still elicited with electrical stimulation intensity lower or equal to 0.3 mA. In 26% of patients (12/47), motor response disappeared with electrical stimulation intensity higher or equal to 0.6 mA. In 42% of patients (20/47), motor response disappeared at intensities between 0.3 mA and 0.5 mA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high success rate of MCN anesthesia occurred with non-circumferential spread of local anesthetic solution. Electrical current intensity was not a reliable indicator of needle-to-target-nerve distance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Clinique du Parc Saint Lazare, 60000-Beauvais, France. balnasser@orange.fr
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Nasser
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Négre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D045888:Ganglion Cysts / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009138:Musculocutaneous Nerve; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D014953:Wrist
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local