title: Bepotastine besilate ophthalmic solution for the relief of nonocular symptoms provoked by conjunctival allergen challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bepotastine besilate is a selective histamine1-receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer with inhibitory effects on eosinophilic activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1.5% bepotastine besilate ophthalmic solution in alleviating nonocular symptoms induced by a conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC), a clinical model of allergic conjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-center, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed from March 1 to April 4, 2007. Patients 10 years or older with a history of allergic conjunctivitis and a reproducible, positive, clinical response to a CAC were eligible. Patients received either placebo or 1.5% bepotastine besilate, 1 drop in each eye. After 15 minutes, 8 hours, or 16 hours after dosing, a CAC was performed and patients evaluated nonocular symptoms using standardized grading scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one patients were enrolled in the study, and 66 comprised the per protocol population. A clinically meaningful reduction (> or = 1.0 unit) compared to placebo was achieved for rhinorrhea and nasal congestion at most time points after 1.5% bepotastine besilate instillation at 8 hours before a CAC test. Significant reductions (P < or = .05) in mean values were seen with 1.5% bepotastine besilate at 15 minutes and 8 hours after dosing for CAC-induced nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, ear or palate pruritus, nasal pruritus, and summed nonocular composite symptom (NOCS) scores and also at 16 hours after dosing for nasal congestion and rhinorrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1.5% bepotastine besilate formulation produced statistically significant reductions after a CAC in individual nonocular symptoms and NOCS scores at onset of allergic response and for at least 8 hours after instillation, with the greatest reduction seen for nasal congestion and rhinorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Andover Eye Associates, Andover, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Torkildsen
authors.forename: Jon I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gow
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Abelson
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McNamara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010880:Piperidines; D011725:Pyridines; C511534:bepotastine besilate