title: Influences of organic solvents on CYPMPO-electron spin resonance spectra in in vitro radical generating systems.
abstract: Estimation of radical scavenging capacity of lipophilic antioxidants by electron spin resonance (ESR) in vitro is a challenging issue due to their poor solubility in aqueous radical generating and measuring systems. Water-miscible organic solvents are used for this purpose. A novel radical trapping agent, 5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (CYPMPO), that has practical advantages over well-known trapping agents was synthesized. However, no available data for the influence of solvents in an ESR system that uses CYPMPO has been presented. The influences of six water-miscible organic solvents, acetonitrile (AcN), acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and dimethoxyethane (DME), on ESR responses to Fenton Fe(2+)/H (2)O(2 )OH· and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase superoxide generation systems in vitro were studied. Reduction of the ESR signal to CYPMPO-OH· adducts by 55.86 ± 5.95 and 83.17 ± 2.50% compared with the control was observed in the presence of AcN and acetone, respectively, at a final concentration of 5% (v/v). AcN of less than 1% had minimal effects. DMSO, ethanol, PEG and DME at 5% (v/v) strongly inhibited the ESR signals and/or caused derangement in the signal patterns. The six water-miscible solvents at 5% (v/v) had no influence on the ESR spectra of CYPMPO-superoxide adducts. From these results, AcN, at less than 1% (v/v), is a useful water-miscible organic solvent for assessing radical scavenging capacities of lipophilic compounds in the CYPMPO-Fenton Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) OH· reaction system in an ESR assay. Any of the solvents used in the present study can be used in a hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase superoxide generation system.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukohda
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamibayashi
authors.forename: Muneyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: C516729:5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide; D000975:Antioxidants; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C064258:free radical reductase