title: Molecular signatures of thyroid follicular neoplasia.
abstract: The molecular pathways leading to thyroid follicular neoplasia are incompletely understood, and the diagnosis of follicular tumors is a clinical challenge. To provide leads to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the tumors, we examined the global transcriptome signatures of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FC) and normofollicular adenoma (FA) as well as fetal/microFA (fetal adenoma). Carcinomas were strongly enriched in transcripts encoding proteins involved in DNA replication and mitosis corresponding to increased number of proliferating cells and depleted number of transcripts encoding factors involved in growth arrest and apoptosis. In the latter group, the combined loss of transcripts encoding the nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1 and NR4A3, which were recently shown to play a causal role in hematopoetic neoplasia, was noteworthy. The analysis of differentially expressed transcripts provided a mechanism for cancer progression, which is why we exploited the results in order to generate a molecular classifier that could identify 95% of all carcinomas. Validation employing public domain and cross-platform data demonstrated that the signature was robust and could diagnose follicular nodules originating from different geographical locations and platforms with similar accuracy. We came to the conclusion that down-regulation of factors involved in growth arrest and apoptosis may represent a decisive step in the pathogenesis of FC. Moreover, the described molecular pathways provide an accurate and robust genetic signature for the diagnosis of FA and FC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rehannah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borup
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henao
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Annelise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krogdahl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godballe
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Winther
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Estrid
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Høgdall
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bennedbaek
authors.forename: Finn Cilius
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C490412:NR4A3 protein, human; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone