title: [Drug interactions and adverse events induced by drugs used in an intensive care unit].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eleven percent of hospitalized patients experience drug-drug interactions (DDIs), elevating morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Polypharmacy is very common in intensive care units (ICUs), increasing the risks of drug adverse events (AEs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess DDIs in ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study conducted in the ICU of a private hospital, evaluating the frequency of DDIs, AEs developed and their relationship. Patients admitted to the ICU were included if they stayed at least three days in the ICU and received at least one studied drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients aged 59+/-16 years (24 women) were enrolled in the study. Seventy six DDIs and 60 AEs were recorded. Statistically significant associations were only found for midazolam-fentanyl-propofol with bradycardia and hypotension and amphotericin B-vancomycin and vancomycin-amikacin with acute renal failure (ARF). Relative risks were 10.4 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.59-68) for bradycardia, 5 (95% CI 1.082-23.4) for hypotension and 6.4 (95% CI 1.9-21.6) for ARF. The odds ratios were 125.2 (95% CI 3-250), 12.6 (95% CI 1.3-77) and 10.8 (95% CI 1.3-282) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDIs associated with risk of AEs were fentanyl, propofol and midazolam for bradycardia and hypotension and amphotericin B-vancomycin and vancomycin-amikacin for ARF.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. jrplaza@uc.cl
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alamo
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult