title: Association of salivary lysozyme and C-reactive protein with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary lysozyme (SLZ) is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by oral leucocytes and contains a domain that has an affinity to advanced glycation end products (AGE). Thus, we hypothesized that SLZ would be associated with metabolic syndrome (metS), a pro-inflammatory state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilizing cross-sectional data from 250 coronary artery disease (CAD) and 250 non-CAD patients, the association of SLZ with metS was tested by logistic regression analyses controlling for age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The analyses were stratified by CAD status to control for the possible effects of CAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS was found in 122 persons. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for metS associated with the highest quartile of SLZ was 1.95 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-3.12, p-value=0.007, compared with the lower three quartiles combined. Among the 40 subjects with metS but without CAD, the OR was 1.63 (CI: 0.64-4.15, p=0.31), whereas in the CAD group, SLZ was significantly associated with metS [OR=1.96 (1.09-3.52), p=0.02]. In both subgroups, CRP was not significantly associated with metS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLZ was significantly associated with metS (OR=1.95) independent of CRP level. Future longitudinal research is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qvarnstrom
authors.forename: Sok-Ja
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Janket
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jethwani
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutinen
authors.forename: Raul I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Jukka H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meurman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis*; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D009113:Muramidase