title: Activation of the EGFR/ERK pathway in high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary glands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) shows differences in biological behaviour depending mainly on its histological grade. High-grade tumours usually have an aggressive biological course and they require additional oncological treatment after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a series of 43 MECs of the salivary glands, we studied the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene by using dual-colour chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH). Moreover, we assessed the protein expressions of the EGFR and the activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK1/2) by using immunohistochemistry. These results were correlated with the histological grade of the tumours and the outcome of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CISH study demonstrated a high-EGFR gene copy number, with balanced chromosome 7 polysomy, in 8 out of 11 high-grade MECs (72.7%), whereas 27 low-grade and 15 intermediate-grade tumours had a normal EGFR gene copy number (P<0.001). The EGFR gene gains correlated with disease-free interval (P=0.003) and overall survival of the patients (P=0.019). The EGFR protein expression had a significant correlation with the histological grade of the tumours but not with the outcome of the patients. The pERK1/2 expression correlated with histological grade of tumours (P<0.001), disease-free interval (P=0.004) and overall survival (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EGFR/ERK pathway is activated in high-grade MECs with aggressive behaviour. Patients with these tumours who require oncological treatment in addition to surgery could benefit from EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lujan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardesa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018277:Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3