title: The effect of group-based lifestyle interventions on risk factors and insulin resistance in subjects at risk for metabolic syndrome: the Tabaruzaka Study 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two group-based lifestyle interventions in ameliorating the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight subjects who had at least one component of MS were randomized into standard intervention (SI) (4-month intervention; n = 50) and extended intervention (EI) (10-month intervention; n = 48) groups, and 39 subjects were followed up for a control group. The effects of intervention were evaluated after 10, 22 and 34 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At month 10, the standard and EI groups showed improved body mass index (BMI) (SI, -0.28; EI, -0.47; control, -0.09), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and A1c and a decreased mean number of components of MS (SI, -0.37; EI, -0.51; control, 0.08). At month 34, the effects on BMI (SI, -0.66; EI, -0.60; control, -0.05) and HDL-cholesterol were sustained for both the intervention groups. In controls, the increases in fasting plasma glucose and the mean number of components of MS from the baseline to month 34 were greater than those in the standard and EI groups. Whole body insulin sensitivity index and hepatic insulin resistance index were also improved at month 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group-based lifestyle intervention could be an efficient way to prevent MS. Its effects were sustainable, at least in part, for 2 years. These effects may be mediated by an improvement in insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isami
authors.forename: C-N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kukidome
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motoshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior