Probiotic Bio-Three induces Th1 and anti-inflammatory effects in PBMC and dendritic cells.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) that were stimulated by probiotic preparations.


METHODS
PBMCs were isolated, cultured, and stimulated with Bio-Three (a mixture of Bacillus mesentericus, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis; 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) CFU/mL for 24 h). Cytokine production of (1) circulating PBMCs; (2) PBMCs stimulated by probiotic preparation; (3) monocyte-derived DCs; and (4) DC and T cell co-culture was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phenotypic analysis of circulating PBMCs was also investigated by flow cytometry. Blood was obtained from individuals who consumed Bio-Three (10(9) CFU/d B. mesentericus, C. butyricum and E. faecalis) for 2 wk, or those who did not take probiotics orally.


RESULTS
In culture supernatants, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-10 production increased, but IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by PBMCs decreased after 1 and 2 wk of probiotic treatment. Flow cytometry was also performed on day 14 and detected enhanced expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, CD4, CD45RA, CD25, CD44 and CD69 in response to Bio-Three. Furthermore, IL-10 and IL-12 were upregulated in supernatants of monocyte-derived DCs, and IFN-gamma and IL-10 were enhanced in supernatants of CD4(+) T cells co-cultured with DCs.


CONCLUSIONS
Bio-Three appeared to stimulate the Th1 immune response, downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) and upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Probiotics could be effective in activation of PBMCs and DCs.
Hua
Man-Chin
MC
Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan, China.
Lin
Tzou-Yien
TY
Lai
Ming-Wei
MW
Kong
Man-Shan
MS
Chang
Hung-Ju
HJ
Chen
Chien-Chang
CC
D001407:Bacillus / Q000502:physiology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046972:Clostridium butyricum / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000502:physiology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
D039481:CD11b Antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma