title: Rhizoma Coptidis inhibits LPS-induced MCP-1/CCL2 production in murine macrophages via an AP-1 and NFkappaB-dependent pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Chinese extract Rhizoma coptidis is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, and antimicrobial activity. The exact mechanisms of action are not fully understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of the extract and its main compound, berberine, on LPS-induced inflammatory activity in a murine macrophage cell line. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS and incubated with either Rhizoma coptidis extract or berberine. Activation of AP-1 and NFkappaB was analyzed in nuclear extracts, secretion of MCP-1/CCL2 was measured in supernatants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation with Rhizoma coptidis and berberine strongly inhibited LPS-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 production in RAW cells. Activation of the transcription factors AP-1 and NFkappaB was inhibited by Rhizoma coptidis in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhizoma coptidis extract inhibits LPS-induced MCP-1/CCL2 production in vitro via an AP-1 and NFkappaB-dependent pathway. Anti-inflammatory action of the extract is mediated mainly by its alkaloid compound berberine.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Remppis
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bea
authors.forename: Henry Johannes
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Greten
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buttler
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qianxing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Preusch
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Enk
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehehalt
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katus
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blessing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001599:Berberine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000089042:Coptis chinensis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D001599:Berberine; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C107393:Coptidis rhizoma extract