title: Distributed low-frequency functional electrical stimulation delays muscle fatigue compared to conventional stimulation.
abstract: We present a low-frequency stimulation method via multi-pad electrodes for delaying muscle fatigue. We compared two protocols for muscle activation of the quadriceps in paraplegics. One protocol involved a large cathode at 30 HZ (HPR, high pulse-rate), and the other involved four smaller cathodes at 16 HZ (LPR, low pulse-rate). The treatment included 30-min daily sessions for 20 days. One leg was treated with the HPR protocol and the other with the LPR protocol. Knee-joint torque was measured before and after therapy to assess the time interval before the knee-joint torque decreased to 70% of the initial value. The HPR therapy provided greater increases in muscle endurance and force in prolonged training. Yet the LPR stimulation produced less muscle fatigue compared to the HPR stimulation. The results suggest that HPR is the favored protocol for training, and LPR is better suited for prolonged stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. nebojsa.malesevic@etf.bg.ac.rs
authors.forename: Nebojsa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Malesević
authors.forename: Lana Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwirtlich
authors.forename: Dejan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Popović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult