title: Videogame distraction using virtual reality technology for children experiencing cold pressor pain: the role of cognitive processing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether increasing the demand for central cognitive processing involved in a distraction task, by involving the child in ongoing, effortful interaction with the distraction stimulus, would increase children's tolerance for cold pressor pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine children ages 6-15 years underwent a baseline cold pressor trial followed by two cold pressor trials in which they received interactive distraction (i.e., used voice commands to play a videogame) or passive distraction (in which they merely watched the output from the same videogame segment) in counterbalanced order. Both distraction conditions were presented via a virtual reality-type helmet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, children demonstrated significant improvement in pain tolerance during distraction relative to baseline. Children showed the greatest improvement during the interactive distraction task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of distraction on children's cold pressor pain tolerance are significantly enhanced when the distraction task also includes greater demands for central cognitive processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Emily F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Lynnda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dahlquist
authors.forename: Soumitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sil
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Linda Jones
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wohlheiter
authors.forename: Susan Berrin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*