Association of the G894T polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with diabetic foot syndrome foot ulcer, diabetic complications, and comorbid vascular diseases: a Turkish case-control study.
BACKGROUND
There are controversial results and insufficient knowledge in the literature about the genetics of diabetes mellitus complications in the Turkish population and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms may act as a potential modifier of diabetic vascular complications.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the association between eNOS G894T polymorphisms and diabetes-related diseases.


METHODS
A Turkish case-control study was designed.


METHODS
The study was carried out in the Ankara University Hospital.


METHODS
Totally, 97 Turkish patients with diabetic foot ulcers and 102 controls were enrolled. Patients who had not received antimicrobial treatment in the preceding 6 months were included. Diabetic patients with hand and/or foot ulcers resulting from major trauma, such as road traffic accidents, were excluded.


METHODS
The effect of eNOS gene polymorphisms on diabetic complications and comorbid diseases was measured.


RESULTS
Regarding eNOS G894T gene polymorphisms, 47.4% of the patients had GG (n = 46), 47.4% (n = 46) had GT, and 5.2% (n = 5) had TT alleles in the diabetes mellitus group, and 47.0% (n = 48), 41.2% (n = 42), and 11.8% (n = 12) had GG, GT, and TT alleles in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the eNOS G894T gene allele ratios. Between groups with and without diabetic complications, a significant difference has only been found in the distribution of alleles in patients with comorbid atherosclerotic heart disease, whose GT-TT alleles were significantly higher than the GG alleles (p = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene was not associated with foot ulcer and diabetic complications, except in the presence of atherosclerotic heart disease.
Corapcioglu
Demet
D
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Sahin
Mustafa
M
Emral
Rifat
R
Celebi
Zeynep Kendi
ZK
Sener
Ozden
O
Gedik
Vedia Tonyukuk
VT
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III