title: K33-linked polyubiquitination of T cell receptor-zeta regulates proteolysis-independent T cell signaling.
abstract: Tagging the cell surface receptor with ubiquitin is believed to provide a signal for the endocytic pathway. E3 ubiquitin ligases such as Cbl-b and Itch have been implicated in T cell activation and tolerance induction. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We describe that in mice deficient in the E3 ubiquitin ligases Cbl-b and Itch, T cell activation was augmented, accompanied by spontaneous autoimmunity. The double-mutant T cells exhibited increased phosphorylation of the T cell receptor-zeta (TCR-zeta) chain, whereas the endocytosis and stability of the TCR complex were not affected. TCR-zeta was polyubiquitinated via a K33-linkage, which affected its phosphorylation and association with the zeta chain-associated protein kinase Zap-70. The juxtamembrane K54 residue in TCR-zeta was identified to be a primary ubiquitin conjugation site, whose mutation increased its phosphorylation and association of TCR-zeta and Zap-70. Thus, the present study reveals unconventional K33-linked polyubiquitination in nonproteolytic regulation of cell-surface-receptor-mediated signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Haining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Myung-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Lujian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elly
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Yun-Cai
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl / Q000235:genetics*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000235:genetics; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C118387:Cblb protein, mouse; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C054979:antigen T cell receptor, zeta chain; C471637:Itch protein, mouse; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; D008239:Lysine