title: Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and caspase-3 and induces neurogenesis in rats with experimental cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have revealed that ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is neuroprotective for cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism underlying of this function is unclear. We assessed whether this neuroprotective effect of GRb1 was mediated by the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), by the levels of caspase-3 proteins and by induced neurogenesis in rats following transient cerebral ischemia or not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebral ischemia was prepared by a 2 h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion, followed by infusion of GRb1 (40 mg/kg) and saline (GRb1 and ischemia groups, respectively). All rats were sacrificed at 3 and 12 h, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 days after reperfusion. Normal and sham-operated rats were used in control group. Modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) test and hematoxylin and eosin staining were respectively performed to evaluate neurological function and histological feature. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify intrinsic neurogenesis by nestin antibody. Western blotting was used to detect BDNF and caspase-3 protein content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GRb1 infusion after cerebral ischemia significantly promoted recoveries of neurological functions at 3 and 5 days after reperfusion compared to ischemic rats. The number of nestin-positive cells was apparently increased after GRb1 infusion compared to ischemia rats at given time. Moreover, BDNF was significantly increased in GRb1-treated rats compared to ischemia rats at different time points. In contrast, GRb1 infusion after the onset of reperfusion, caspase-3 at a given time was significantly reduced compared to ischemia rats, but still significantly increased compared to control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promotion of the neurogenesis and regulation of the expressions of BDNF and caspase-3 may be involved in GRb1-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chao-Xian
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Gui-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ge-Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shu-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiong-Lan
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D036145:Ginsenosides; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; D053148:Caspase 3