title: A pilot study of brain activation in children with trichotillomania during a visual-tactile symptom provocation task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to reveal the etiology and pathophysiology of trichotillomania (TTM), it is necessary to investigate which brain regions are involved in TTM, but limited knowledge exists regarding the neurobiology of TTM and the available functional neuroimaging studies of TTM are little. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specific brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of TTM with symptom provocation task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for children and adolescents with TTM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric subjects who met the DSM-IV TR criteria for TTM (n=9) and age-, sex-, handedness-, IQ matched healthy controls (HC) (n=10), ages 9 to 17 years, were recruited for two fMRI experiments; symptom provocation of Visual Only (VO) and Visual and Tactile (VT). They were scanned while viewing two alternating blocks of symptom provocation (S) and neutral (N) movies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Random effects between-group analysis revealed significant activation in left temporal cortex(including middle and superior temporal gyrus), dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus, and putamen for the contrast S>N in TTM subjects versus HC subjects during the VO session. And TTM subjects demonstrated higher activity in the precuneus and dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus to the contrast S>N during the VT session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided an objective whole-brain-based analysis that directed researchers to areas that were abnormal in TTM. Using the symptom provocation tasks, we found significant differences in regional brain function between pediatric TTM and HC subjects. However, in the face of modest statistical power, our preliminary findings in TTM need to be replicated in a larger sample. As the functional neuroanatomic circuits involved in TTM remain largely unexplored, future functional neuroimaging studies using other various paradigms may help investigate the neuroanatomic abnormalities of TTM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Subdivision of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jahng
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D014256:Trichotillomania / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen