Pacing technology: advances in pacing threshold management.
Over the last five decades, pacemaker therapy has undergone remarkable technological advances with increasing sophistication of pacemaker features. However, device longevity has remained one of the major issues in pacemaker design ever since the first endocardial pacing lead implantation in 1958. In addition to various hardware design to enhance device longevity, software-based solutions to minimize pacing energy and yet with good safety margin have also been developed. Together with desire and need of fully automatic pacing system in increasingly busy pacemaker clinic, several manufacturers have introduced different automatic threshold management algorithm. This article summarizes the current state-of-the-art management in pacing threshold in the modern pacemakers.
Lau
Chu-pak
CP
Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. cplau@hkucc.hku.hk
Siu
Chung-wah
CW
D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000639:trends*; D012984:Software