title: The effects of perceived discrimination on ambulatory blood pressure and affective responses to interpersonal stress modeled over 24 hours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research examined the impact of perceived discrimination on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and daily level affect during social interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 24 hrs, adult Black and White participants wore an ABP monitor and completed palm pilot diary entries about their social interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean level and time-trend trajectories of blood pressure and heart rate were examined as well as mean level measures of positive and negative affect after stressful and nonstressful social interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses showed that, after controlling for important covariates, perceived discrimination predicted the slopes of both wake and nocturnal ABP responses, with those who reported more discrimination having steeper daytime trajectories for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and less nighttime dipping in heart rate over time as compared to those who had reported relatively infrequent discrimination. High levels of perceived discrimination were also related to positive and negative affective responses after stressful encounters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that, regardless of race, perceived discrimination is related to cardiovascular and affective responses that may increase vulnerability to pathogenic processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. lrichman@duke.edu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smart Richman
authors.forename: Jolynn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pek
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult