title: Long-term outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in Japanese patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcomes of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NAHT) in Japanese patients with locally advanced prostate cancer who initiated salvage hormonal therapy (SHT) at a relatively early phase were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1998 and April 2003, 70 Japanese patients with T3N0M0 prostate cancer who received radical 3D-CRT treatment were evaluated. The median age, initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and duration of NAHT were 73 years old, 26.3 ng/ml, and 4 months, respectively. Seventy grays were given in 35 fractions that were confined to the prostate and seminal vesicles. Adjuvant hormonal therapy was not administered after 3D-CRT in any of the cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 64.9 months. The median PSA value at the time of initiation of SHT was 5.0 ng/ml (range 0.1-21.6 ng/ml). Overall, disease-specific, PSA failure-free (based on the Phoenix definition) and SHT-free survival rates at 5 years were 90.3% (95% CI 86.5-94.0), 96.5% (94.0-98.9), 60.5% (48.2-72.7), and 63.5% (57.2-69.8), respectively. Therefore, two-thirds of the patients were still hormone-free at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA control rates in our series of Japanese patients with stage T3N0M0 prostate cancer treated with the standard dose of 3D-CRT combined with NAHT seemed higher than expected. This approach involving 3D-CRT combined with NAHT with the initiation of SHT at PSA values of around 5 ng/ml may be one option for Japanese patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, although further prospective study is required to confirm the validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizowaki
authors.forename: Michihide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Norihisa
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamoto
authors.forename: Eijiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal