title: Influence of contamination on resin bond strength to nano-structured alumina-coated zirconia ceramic.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of contamination and subsequent cleaning on the bond strength and durability of an adhesive resin to nano-structured alumina-coated zirconia ceramic. Zirconia ceramic disks were coated with nano-structured alumina, utilizing the hydrolysis of aluminum nitride powder. After immersion in saliva or the use of a silicone disclosing agent, specimens were cleaned with phosphoric acid etching or with tap water rinsing only. Uncontaminated specimens served as controls. Plexiglas tubes filled with composite resin were bonded with a phosphate monomer [10-methacryloxydecyl-dihydrogenphosphate (MDP)]-containing resin (Panavia 21). Subgroups of eight specimens each were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C, either for 3 d without thermal cycling (TC) or for 150 d with 37,500 thermal cycles from 5 to 55 degrees C. The tensile bond strength (TBS) was determined using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm min(-1). The topography of the debonded surface was scrutinized for fractographic features, utilizing both optical and scanning electron microscopy. The TBS to uncontaminated nano-structured alumina-coated zirconia ceramic was durable, while contamination significantly reduced the TBS. Phosphoric acid cleaning was effective in removal of saliva contamination from the coated bonding surface but was not effective in removal of the silicone disclosing agent. Nano-structured alumina coating improves resin bonding to zirconia ceramic and eliminates the need for air-abrasion before bonding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Shanchuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andraz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocjan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Tomaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosmac
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D012828:Silicones; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015019:Yttrium; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; C030242:phosphoric acid; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide; C022088:silicon carbide