title: Estimates of probable dementia prevalence from population-based surveys compared with dementia prevalence estimates based on meta-analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  National data on dementia prevalence are not always available, yet it may be possible to obtain estimates from large surveys that include dementia screening instruments. In Australia, many of the dementia prevalence estimates are based on European data collected between 15 and 50 years ago. We derived population-based estimates of probable dementia and possible cognitive impairment in Australian studies using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and compared these to estimates of dementia prevalence from meta-analyses of European studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data sources included a pooled dataset of Australian longitudinal studies (DYNOPTA), and two Australian Bureau of Statistics National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. National rates of probable dementia (MMSE < 24) and possible cognitive impairment (24-26) were estimated using combined sample weights.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimates of probable dementia were higher in surveys than in meta-analyses for ages 65-84, but were similar at ages 85 and older. Surveys used weights to account for sample bias, but no adjustments were made in meta-analyses. Results from DYNOPTA and meta-analyses had a very similar pattern of increase with age. Contrary to trends from some meta-analyses, rates of probable dementia were not higher among women in the Australian surveys. Lower education was associated with higher prevalence of probable dementia. Data from investigator-led longitudinal studies designed to assess cognitive decline appeared more reliable than government health surveys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that estimates of probable dementia based on MMSE in studies where cognitive decline and dementia are a focus, are a useful adjunct to clinical studies of dementia prevalence. Such information and may be used to inform projections of dementia prevalence and the concomitant burden of disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. kaarin.anstey@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: Kaarin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anstey
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Birrell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Luszcz
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors