title: Purified canola lutein selectively inhibits specific isoforms of mammalian DNA polymerases and reduces inflammatory response.
abstract: In the screening of DNA polymerase (pol) inhibitor, we isolated lutein, a carotenoid, from the crude (unrefined) pressed oil of canola (low erucic acid rapeseed, Brassica napus L.). Commercially prepared carotenoids such as lutein (1), zeaxanthin (2), beta-cryptoxanthin (3), astaxanthin (4), canthaxanthin (5), beta-carotene (6), lycopene (7), capsanthin (8), fucoxanthin (9) and fucoxanthinol (10), were investigated for the inhibitory activities of pols. Compounds 1, 2 and 8 exhibited strong inhibition of the activities of mammalian pols beta and lambda, which are DNA repair- and/or recombination-related pols. On the other hand, all carotenoids tested had no influence on the activity of a mammalian pol alpha, which is a DNA replicative pol. Lutein (1) was the strongest pol inhibitor of mammalian pols beta and lambda in the prepared ten carotenoids tested, but did not influence of the activities of mammalian pols alpha, gamma, delta and epsilon. The tendency for pols beta and lambda inhibition by these carotenoids showed a positive correlation with the suppression of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced inflammation. These results suggest that cold pressed unrefined canola/rapeseed oil, or other oils with high levels of lutein and other carotenoids, may be useful for their anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2180, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuramochi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakuda
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizushina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077276:Lycopene; D008322:Mammals; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene; C025164:fucoxanthin; D002338:Carotenoids; C006889:capsanthin; C483031:fucoxanthinol; C005948:astaxanthine; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein