Migraine is the most prevalent primary headache in individuals with temporomandibular disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of primary headaches (HA) in adults with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) who were assessed in a specialty orofacial pain clinic, as well as in controls without TMD.


METHODS
The sample consisted of 158 individuals with TMD seen at a university-based specialty clinic, as well as 68 controls. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD were used to diagnose the TMD patients. HAs were assessed using a structured interview and classified according to the Second Edition of the International Classification for Headache Disorders. Data were analyzed by chi-square tests with a significance level of 5% and odds ratio (OR) tests with a 95% confidence interval (CI).


RESULTS
HAs occurred in 45.6% of the control group (30.9% had migraine and 14.7% had tension-type headache [TTH]) and in 85.5% of individuals with TMD. Among individuals with TMD, migraine was the most prevalent primary HA (55.3%), followed by TTH (30.2%); 14.5% had no HA. In contrast to controls, the odds ratio (OR) for HA in those with TMD was 7.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.65-13.61; P = .000), for migraine, the OR was 2.76 (95% CI = 1.50-5.06; P = .001), and for TTH, the OR was 2.51 (95% CI = 1.18-5.35; P = .014). Myofascial pain/arthralgia was the most common TMD diagnosis (53.2%). The presence of HA or specific HAs was not associated with the time since the onset of TMD (P = .714). However, migraine frequency was positively associated with TMD pain severity (P = .000).


CONCLUSIONS
TMD was associated with increased primary HA prevalence rates. Migraine was the most common primary HA diagnosis in individuals with TMD.
Franco
Ana L
AL
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Brazil. analu.franco@hotmail.com
Gonçalves
Daniela A G
DA
Castanharo
Sabrina M
SM
Speciali
José G
JG
Bigal
Marcelo E
ME
Camparis
Cinara M
CM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult