Reactions to ethnic deviance: The role of backlash in racial stereotype maintenance.
Backlash effects are social and economic penalties for counterstereotypical behavior (Rudman & Phelan, 2008). Five experiments support a model of the role of backlash in racial stereotype maintenance from the standpoint of perceivers and actors (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004). In Experiment 1, perceivers sabotaged Asians and Whites for succeeding in counterstereotypical domains, thereby preventing their future success. In Experiment 2, a White rapper suffered prejudice and economic discrimination, relative to a Black rapper, and prejudice mediated discrimination. Further, actors threatened by backlash for achievement in cross-racial domains responded to success in ways that bolster ethnic stereotypes. For example, Black men and women who feared backlash for academic skill (Experiment 3), and non-Black (Experiment 4) and non-White (Experiment 5) men who experienced backlash for cross-racial achievement, resorted to defensive strategies that preserve racial stereotypes (e.g., refusing to publicize and pursue counterstereotypical talents). Implications for cultural stereotype maintenance are discussed.
Phelan
Julie E
JE
Department of Psychology, Tillett Hall, Rutgers University, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA. jephelan@eden.rutgers.edu
Rudman
Laurie A
LA
D000124:Achievement; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003469:Culture; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D012938:Social Perception; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013240:Stereotyping; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis