title: Olfactory mucosal transplantation after spinal cord injury improves voiding efficiency by suppressing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several recent studies showed that olfactory mucosal transplantation after spinal cord injury promotes extensive regeneration of the injured spinal cord. We examined the efficacy of olfactory mucosal transplantation for bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In adult female rats the Th9-10 spinal cord was completely transected, followed by olfactory mucosal transplantation or gelatin sponge filling as the control. Each group was examined by cystometrogram and external urethral sphincter electromyogram. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and growth associated protein 43 double positive expression in the L6/S1 dorsal horn was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Transplant sites were examined by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against neurofilament M and neuronal class III beta-tubulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On cystometrogram voiding efficiency was significantly higher in the transplantation group than in controls. On external urethral sphincter electromyogram with simultaneous cystometrogram the transplantation group showed a larger ratio of interburst silent periods to burst activity duration and a greater number of high frequency oscillations. In the transplantation group calcitonin gene-related peptide and growth associated protein 43 double positive expression in the L6/S1 dorsal horn was less dense than in controls. The transplantation group showed strong neurofilament M and neuronal class III beta-tubulin expression at the transplant site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olfactory mucosal transplantation after spinal cord injury weakened external urethral sphincter excessive bursting and increased the urethral opening to improve voiding efficiency. Olfactory mucosal transplantation may modify emergence of the spinal micturition reflex after spinal cord injury. Transplantation resulted in new axons growing at the transplant site, implying the possible existence of interneuron bridging across the injured spinal cord.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiuchi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwatsuki
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*