title: Comparison between different speckle tracking and color tissue Doppler techniques to measure global and regional myocardial deformation in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial deformation parameters obtained by speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and color Doppler tissue imaging (CDTI) using two different ultrasound systems and three different software packages were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apical four-chamber, short-axis grayscale, and color Doppler tissue images were prospectively acquired using Vivid 7 and iE33 ultrasound systems in 34 children and then analyzed using EchoPAC and QLAB (STE) and SPEQLE (CDTI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurement of myocardial deformation was feasible for all three modalities. Longitudinal strain (epsilon) measurements showed the lowest intraobserver and interobserver variability (intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of variation, 9% and 8% for EchoPAC, 5% and 6% for QLAB, and 14% and 16% for SPEQLE). In addition, longitudinal epsilon had a small bias and narrow limits of agreement when comparing different techniques. The coefficients of variation of circumferential epsilon by EchoPAC and QLAB were 12% and 11% (intraobserver) and 9% and 13% (interobserver), respectively. Circumferential epsilon by STE had a small systematic bias but relatively narrow limits of agreement. The reproducibility of radial epsilon measurements using STE was low, while CDTI epsilon provided better performance (intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of variation for radial posterior epsilon, 12% and 24% for EchoPAC, 39% and 56% for QLAB, and 12% and 14% for SPEQLE). Radial epsilon was on average 50% lower using QLAB compared with EchoPAC and SPEQLE. Systolic strain rate values obtained by STE were lower compared with CDTI-derived values. The limits of agreement for strain rate values among the three modalities were wide, and intraobserver and interobserver variability was poor for all three modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some deformation measurements (e.g., longitudinal and circumferential epsilon) are comparable among different ultrasound machines and software packages, whereas others are significantly different (e.g., radial epsilon and strain rate). This study stresses the need for an industry standard for these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurens P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Slorach
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manlhiot
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McCrindle
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Friedberg
authors.forename: Edgar T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Jaeggi
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mertens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results