title: One-year follow-up evaluation of the Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND) dissemination trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this trial, conducted 2004-2008, were to examine (1) the effectiveness of Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND) at the one-year follow-up when implemented on a large scale; and (2) the relative effectiveness of two training approaches for program implementers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 65 high schools from 14 school districts across the United States were randomized to one of three conditions: regular workshop training, comprehensive implementation support, or standard care control. Physical education and health teachers delivered the program to students (n=2538). Program effectiveness was assessed with dichotomous measures of 30-day substance use at baseline and one-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the program conditions were considered in aggregate and compared to controls, the program showed a marginally significant effect in lowering marijuana use from baseline to the one-year follow-up. Significant program effects on hard drug use were achieved for baseline non-users only. There were no differences in the effects of the two program conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive outcomes may be achieved by trained teachers when they implement Project TND in real-world high school environments; however, program effects are likely to be weaker than those achieved in efficacy trials. Training workshops may be adequate to build capacity for successful program implementation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA. rohrbac@usc.edu
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sussman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012572:School Health Services; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult