title: Survival and quality of life after tracheostomy for acute respiratory failure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common event in the advanced stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and may be rarely a presenting symptom. Frequently, such patients require intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) and, in a large proportion, receive tracheostomy, as a consequence of weaning failure. In our study, we investigated postdischarge survival and quality of life (QoL) after tracheostomy for ARF in patients with ALS.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective chart review combined with prospective evaluation of QoL and degree of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in an adult, respiratory intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with tracheostomy for ARF between January 1, 1995 and April 30, 2008 were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  (a) A retrospective chart review was used and (b) prospective administration of the 11-item short-form Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-11) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires to survivors, at least 1 month after discharge from hospital, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients were studied retrospectively. None of the patients died in the hospital after tracheostomy. Forty-two patients (70%) were discharged completely MV dependent, and 17 patients (28.3%) were partially MV dependent. One patient (1.6%) was liberated from MV. The median survival after tracheostomy was 21 months (range, 0-155 months). The survival rate was 65% by 1 year and 45% by 2 years after tracheostomy. Survival was significantly shorter in patients older than 60 years at tracheostomy, with a hazard ratio of dying of 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.9). All 13 survivors completed the LSI-11 and BDI. The mean (SD) cumulative score on the LSI-11 was 9.3 (3.6; range, 0-22; higher values indicating better QoL), similar to that obtained from a control group consisting of individuals with ALS who had not received tracheostomy (9.3 ± 4.3) and to that reported for persons in the general population. Only 15% of the tracheostomized patients (2/13) were severely depressed, according to BDI; 11 of 13 patients reported a positive view of tracheostomy and said that they would want to undergo this procedure if they could make the decision again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ALS have a high chance of long-term survival after tracheostomy for ARF. Although administered at the time of a respiratory crisis without being discussed in advance, tracheostomy shows good acceptance and results in acceptable QoL.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, City Hospital of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy. avianello@qubisoft.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arcaro
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ermani
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braccioni
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallan
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soraru'
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pegoraro
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome