title: Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated benefits of Pycnogenol(R) as an adjunct to hypotensive medication in metabolic syndrome patients with micro-albuminurea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty eight patients were treated with Ramipril and a subgroup received Pycnogenol in addition for six months. Colour Doppler duplex ultrasound was employed for cortical flow measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure decreased with Ramipril from 188.8/95.2 to 128.2/90.2, with additional Pycnogenol from 189.3/97.2 to 122.2/85.3 (P<0.05). Kidney function improved in both groups, with 24 hour urinary albumin decreasing from 88.8 to 68.9 mg with Ramipril and from 89.3 to 42.2 mg with additional Pycnogenol (P<0.05). In both groups treatment lowered serum creatinine, with combination treatment being significantly more effective. Cortical flow velocities significantly increased with Ramipril from systolic 17.2 +/- 3.1 to 23.8 +/- 2.0 cms-1 and diastolic 4.2+/-2.8 to 2.0+/-3.1 cms-1. The addition of Pycnogenol was more effective, improving cortical flow from systolic 18.2+/-2.2 to 27.2+/-2.9 cms-1 and diastolic 4.1+/-2.2 to 9.8+/-2.1 cms-1 (P>0.05). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased marginally with Ramipril, but significantly with Pycnogenol from 2.17 to 1.62 mg/dL. Pycnogenol significantly lowered fasting blood glucose to 102.3 +/- 11.2 mg/mL and HbA1c to 6.9 +/- 0.3 %. The Pycnogenol group showed a significantly lowered BMI, from baseline 26.5+/-0.9 to 25.0+/-1.2 kgm-2, without reaching statistical significance versus control. Only a limited improvement of blood lipid profile was found in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pycnogenol should be further investigated for kidney function.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, L'Aquila Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stuard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belcaro
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cesarone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugall
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cornelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gizzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rohdewald
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C024070:pycnogenols; D003404:Creatinine; D017257:Ramipril