title: Outcomes of etomidate in severe sepsis and septic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of single-dose etomidate to facilitate intubation in critically ill patients has recently been debated given its suppression of steroidogenesis with possible resultant adverse outcomes. Our objective was to assess the effects of single-dose etomidate used during rapid-sequence intubation (RSI) on various measures of outcome, such as mortality, vasopressor use, corticosteroid use, ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS), and number of ventilator days.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective 18-month cohort study was performed in a multidisciplinary ICU of an academic tertiary care institution. Consecutive patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who were intubated and mechanically ventilated were identified and grouped as having received single-dose etomidate during intubation or not. Hospital mortality, ICU length of stay, number of ventilator days, corticosteroid use, vasopressor use, and demographic and clinical variables were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred twenty-four patients were identified; 113 had received etomidate. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores in the etomidate and nonetomidate groups were 21.3 ± 8.1 and 21.9 ± 8.3, respectively (P = .62). The relative risks for mortality and vasopressor use were 0.92 (CI, 0.74-1.14; P = 0.51) and 1.16 (CI, 0.9-1.51; P = .31), respectively, in the etomidate group. There were no significant differences in ICU-LOS (mean, 14 vs 12 days; P = .31) or number of ventilator days (mean, 11 vs 8 days; P = .13) between the etomidate and nonetomidate groups, respectively. The relative risk for corticosteroid use in the etomidate group was 1.34 (CI, 1.11-1.61; P = .003). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression demonstrated no significant association of etomidate with mortality (OR, 0.9; CI, 0.45-1.83; P = .78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-dose etomidate used during RSI in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock was not associated with increased mortality, vasopressor use, ICU-LOS, or number of ventilator days. Patients intubated with etomidate had an increased incidence of subsequent corticosteroid use, with no difference in outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University Hospital, Louis, MO 63104, USA. ddmello@slu.edu
authors.forename: Dayton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dmello
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jacklyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Matuschak
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D005045:Etomidate