title: Metabolic regulator betaKlotho interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
abstract: In organs involved in metabolic homeostasis, transmembrane α and βklothos direct FGFR signaling to control of metabolic pathways. Coordinate expression of βklotho and FGFR4 is a property of mature hepatocytes. Genetic deletion of FGFR4 or βklotho in mice disrupts hepatic cholesterol/bile acid and lipid metabolism. The deletion of FGFR4 has no effect on the proliferative response of hepatocytes after liver injury. However, its absence results in accelerated progression of dimethynitrosamine-initiated hepatocellular carcinomas, indicating that FGFR4 suppresses hepatoma proliferation. The mechanism underlying the FGFR4-mediated hepatoma suppression has not been addressed. Here we show that βklotho expression is more consistently down-regulated in human and mouse hepatomas than FGFR4. Co-expression and activation by either endocrine FGF19 or cellular FGF1 of the FGFR4 kinase in a complex with βklotho restricts cell population growth through induction of apoptotic cell death in both hepatic and nonhepatic cells. The βklotho-FGFR4 partnership caused a depression of activated AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin while activating ERK1/2 that may underlie the pro-apoptotic effect. Our results show that βklotho not only interacts with heparan sulfate-FGFR4 to form a complex with high affinity for endocrine FGF19 but also impacts the quality of downstream signaling and biological end points activated by either FGF19 or canonical FGF1. Thus the same βklotho-heparan sulfate-FGFR4 partnership that mediates endocrine control of hepatic metabolism plays a role in cellular homeostasis and hepatoma suppression through negative control of cell population growth mediated by pro-apoptotic signaling.
authors.affiliation: IBT Proteomics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A & MHealth Science Center, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yongde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chaofeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Weiqin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Chengliu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wallace L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: McKeehan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051499:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: C117476:FGF19 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C418622:Klb protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C108526:fibroblast growth factor 15, mouse; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C496371:FGFR4 protein, human; C496372:Fgfr4 protein, mouse; D051499:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C535150:MAPK1 protein, human; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D000090265:Klotho Proteins