title: Clinical significance of polymorphism and expression of chromogranin a and endothelin-1 in prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the clinical significance of chromogranin A and endothelin-1 polymorphism and expression in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 2 CHGA polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in DNA samples of 435 patients with prostate cancer and 316 age matched male controls. Chromogranin A and endothelin-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in prostate specimens of 114 men with prostate cancer who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and in 27 with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the CHGA Glu264Asp polymorphism men with the GG genotype were at 2.05 times higher risk for prostate cancer than men with the CC genotype (p = 0.014). In men with prostate cancer higher chromogranin A immunohistochemistry grade was associated with higher stage and higher Gleason score (p = 0.011 and 0.044, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that chromogranin A immunohistochemistry grade was an independent variable for predicting biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (p = 0.023). Higher endothelin-1 expression was observed in prostate cancers (p = 0.011), especially those with a higher Gleason score (p = 0.042). There was no significant relationship between chromogranin A polymorphisms, and chromogranin A and endothelin-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphism and expression of chromogranin A and endothelin-1 have clinical significance in prostate cancer. Chromogranin A expression was an independent predictor of biochemical failure after prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Mingguo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D019332:Endothelin-1