Occurrence and characteristics of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes.
The occurrence and characteristics of 2,3,7,8-substituted polybrominated and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/F and PCDD/F) from various combustion and metallurgic industrial thermal processes were investigated. PBDD/F levels from metallurgic processes (TEQ) concentrations from 0.14 to 1.5 ng Nm(-3), mass concentrations from 0.56 to 5.8 ng Nm(-3)) were markedly higher than those from combustion processes (TEQ) concentrations from 0.010 to 0.054 ng Nm(-3), mass concentrations from 0.025 to 0.15 ng Nm(-3)). This indicated that metallurgic processes could be important sources of PBDD/F. Consequently, more attention should be paid to the metallurgical emission sources in addition to combustion of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and related products. Specific isomeric patterns for PCDD/F from various industrial sources were highly consistent, while PBDD/F patterns were not. This revealed that PCDD/F might form through a common mechanism such as de novo synthesis mechanism, while PBDD/F might form by different mechanisms in thermal processes such as precursor mechanisms. Finally, an approach to identify the PBDD/F sources in ambient air by using the PBDD/F to PCDD/F ratio was developed.
Du
Bing
B
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
Zheng
Minghui
M
Tian
Honghai
H
Liu
Aimin
A
Huang
Yeru
Y
Li
Lingling
L
Ba
Te
T
Li
Nan
N
Ren
Yue
Y
Li
Yuwu
Y
Dong
Shuping
S
Su
Guijin
G
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008669:Metallurgy; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D005740:Gases; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; C023614:dibenzofuran