title: Mesomelic dysplasia Kantaputra type is associated with duplications of the HOXD locus on chromosome 2q.
abstract: Mesomelic dysplasia Kantaputra type (MDK) is characterized by marked mesomelic shortening of the upper and lower limbs originally described in a Thai family. To identify the cause of MDK, we performed array CGH and identified two microduplications on chromosome 2 (2q31.1-q31.2) encompassing ∼481 and 507 kb, separated by a segment of normal copy number. The more centromeric duplication encompasses the entire HOXD cluster, as well as the neighboring genes EVX2 and MTX2. The breakpoints of the duplication localize to the same region as the previously identified inversion of the mouse mutant ulnaless (Ul), which has a similar phenotype as MDK. We propose that MDK is caused by duplications that modify the topography of the locus and as such result in deregulation of HOXD gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Craniofacial Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Piranit N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kantaputra
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klopocki
authors.forename: Bianca P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Verayuth
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Praphanphoj
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Caignec
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isidor
authors.forename: Mei L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kwee
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shears
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mundlos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000235:genetics; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005360:Fibula / Q000002:abnormalities; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000235:genetics*; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011884:Radius / Q000002:abnormalities; D014314:Trisomy / Q000235:genetics; D014457:Ulna / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins