title: Neutrophil and monocyte activation in chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis and its relationship with resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin and to the hemodialysis procedure.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to further clarify leukocyte activation due to hemodialysis (HD) procedures and to investigate its relationship with recombinant human erythropoietin resistance. Therefore, we studied the expression of CXCR1 and CD11b on neutrophils, as well as the monocyte expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, and CD14. We studied 34 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under HD and recombinant human erythropoietin treatment (26 responders and 8 nonresponders to recombinant human erythropoietin therapy). All CKD patients' blood samples were collected before and immediately after the HD procedure. Eighteen healthy individuals (blood donors) were also studied as a control group. Hematological data, neutrophil (CD11b and CXCR1), and monocyte (CD11b, HLA-DR, and CD14) cell surface markers were measured in all patients (before and after the HD procedure) and controls. When compared with the controls, CKD patients presented a significant decrease in CXCR1 neutrophil expression, and in CD14 monocyte expression, accompanied by a significant increase in HLA-DR monocyte expression. When comparing the 2 groups of patients, we found that nonresponders showed an additional decrease in CXCR1 neutrophil expression. After the HD procedure, a statistically significant increase in CD14 and CD11b monocyte surface markers and a decrease in CXCR1 neutrophil expression and in HLA-DR monocyte expression was found. These data further strengthen our previous studies, showing that neutrophils and monocytes are activated in CKD patients, particularly in nonresponder patients. Moreover, this activation is due, at least in part, to the HD procedure, although we should not exclude that it can also be due to the enhanced inflammatory process observed in nonresponder patients.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Elísio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Vasco
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: do Sameiro Faria
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintanilha
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; C509295:ITGAM protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin