title: Validation of a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument for acoustic neuroma: the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality-of-Life Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and validate the first disease-specific quality-of-life instrument for acoustic neuroma, the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality-of-Life (PANQOL) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective instrument validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-three patients with acoustic neuromas completed the 80-question preliminary instrument and the general Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). A chart review documented patient information. Statistical analysis was performed for item reduction and evaluation of validity criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of item-total and item-item score correlations eliminated 38 items from the preliminary instrument. Exploratory principal component factor analysis eliminated 16 additional items and identified a natural grouping of remaining items into seven domains, forming the final 26-item PANQOL scale. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency measures for the instrument were high. PANQOL domain scores correlated significantly with related SF-36 domain scores and correlated significantly with related visual analogue scale questions given with the preliminary instrument. PANQOL face domain scores showed significant differences across the House-Brackmann grading system scores and correlated inversely with tumor size. No domain in either the PANQOL or SF-36 had a strong correlation with pure-tone average or speech discrimination scores. The PANQOL scale discriminated acoustic neuroma cases from controls better than the SF-36.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed the first validated disease-specific quality of life instrument for patients with acoustic neuromas. Given the lack of a validated equivalent, this tool has the potential to become a critical outcome measure for studies evaluating treatment of patients with acoustic neuromas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruckenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult