title: [Induction of cell cycle arrest in bladder cancer RT4 cells by capsaicin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of capsaicin on the growth of bladder cancer RT4 cell and its potential mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were employed to observe the effects of capsaicin (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 micromol/L) on cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis. Capsaicin (0 micromol/L) was used as a control. The effects of mRNA and protein of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V 1 (TRPV1) on RT4 cells were tested by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence respectively. And the expressions of cell cycle protein P53, P21, CDK2 were detected by Western blot after the treatment of capsaicin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  100 micromol/L capsaicin significantly decreased the viability of RT4 cell [82.0% +/- 6.2% vs 100.0% +/- 12.4% (control), P = 0.036] while the cell viability was 7.8% +/- 2.9% at 250 micromol/L (P = 0.000). It was in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, capsaicin induced the cell cycle arrest of bladder cancer RT4 cells G(0)/G(1) phase in a dose-dependent way. The cell proportion of G(0)/G(1) phase in the control was 37.4% +/- 5.6%, however, it was 72.4% +/- 5.3% at 250 micromol/L (P = 0.000). It was showed that TRPV1 mRNA and protein were expressed in RT4 cells. After a 48-hour treatment with capsaicin, the expressions of P53 and P21 were up-regulated in contrary to the expression of CDK2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capsaicin induces the cell cycle arrest of bladder cancer RT4 cells G(0)/G(1) phase and growth inhibition via TRPV1 receptor by modulating the expression of P53, P21 and CDK2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xing-huan
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huai-peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shi-wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin-min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494484:TRPV1 receptor; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D002211:Capsaicin