Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release and expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the hypothalamus-pituitary unit in different physiological states.
This review is focused on the relationship between neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH/LH secretion and the expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor (GnRHR) genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit during different physiological states of animals and under stress. Moreover, the involvement of hypothalamic GABA-ergic, Beta-endorphinergic, CRH-ergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and GnRH-ergic systems in the regulation of expression of the GnRH and GnRHR genes as well as secretion of GnRH/LH is analyzed. It appears that the neural mechanisms controlling GnRH gene expression in different physiological states may be distinct from those regulating GnRH/LH release. The hypothalamic GnRHR gene is probably located in different neural systems and may act in a specific way on GnRH gene expression and GnRH release.
Ciechanowska
Magdalena
M
The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, 3 Instytucka Street, Poland. m.ciechanowska@ifzz.pan.pl
Lapot
Magdalena
M
Mateusiak
Krystyna
K
Przekop
Franciszek
F
D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D000780:Anestrus; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology; D004971:Estrus; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000502:physiology; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000235:genetics*
D004723:Endorphins; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone