title: Does computerized working memory training with game elements enhance motivation and training efficacy in children with ADHD?
abstract: This study examined the benefits of adding game elements to standard computerized working memory (WM) training. Specifically, it examined whether game elements would enhance motivation and training performance of children with ADHD, and whether it would improve training efficacy. A total of 51 children with ADHD aged between 7 and 12 years were randomly assigned to WM training in a gaming format or to regular WM training that was not in a gaming format. Both groups completed three weekly sessions of WM training. Children using the game version of the WM training showed greater motivation (i.e., more time training), better training performance (i.e., more sequences reproduced and fewer errors), and better WM (i.e., higher scores on a WM task) at post-training than children using the regular WM training. Results are discussed in terms of executive functions and reinforcement models of ADHD. It is concluded that WM training with game elements significantly improves the motivation, training performance, and working memory of children with ADHD. The findings of this study are encouraging and may have wide-reaching practical implications in terms of the role of game elements in the design and implementation of new intervention efforts for children with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.j.m.prins@uva.nl
authors.forename: Pier J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dovis
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponsioen
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: ten Brink
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Oord
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome