title: Evaluation of glycofurol-based gel as a new vehicle for topical application of naproxen.
abstract: In view of the good skin tolerability, glycofurol was used as a vehicle-based gel, and its effect in the topical penetration of Naproxen (NAP) was investigated. The aims of this study were to develop a suitable gel with bioadhesive property, spreadability, and viscosity for topical anti-inflammatory effect. Three gelling and adhesive agents were examined: Carbopol 974P, Gantrez AN 119, and polyvinylpyrollidone K30. Skin permeation rates and lag times of NAP were evaluated using the Franz-type diffusion cell in order to optimize the gel formulation. The permeation rate of NAP-based gel across the excised rat skin was investigated. A significant increase in permeability parameters such as steady-state flux (J(ss)), permeability coefficient (K(p)), and penetration index (PI) was observed in optimized formulation containing 2% Transcutol as an permeation enhancer. From skin irritation test, it was concluded that the optimized novel glycofurol-based gel formulation was safe to be used for topical drug delivery. The developed glycofurol-based gel appeared promising for dermal and transdermal delivery of naproxen and could be applicable with water-insoluble drugs, which would circumvent most of the problems associated with drug therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. nsybarakat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nahla Salah
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Barakat
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001458:Bandages; D004058:Diffusion; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D009288:Naproxen; C018557:glycofurol