title: [The anti-apoptotic effects of N-acetylcysteine in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured for 48 h and then randomized into control group, H/R group and H/R + NAC group. Cardiomyocytes underwent hypoxia for 6 h, reoxygenation for 72 h in the absence (H/R group) or presence (H/R + NAC group) of NAC (100 micromol/L). Cell viability was assayed with trypan blue staining. Early stage of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V, late stage of apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. ROS in culture medium was assayed by Image-iT(TM) LIVE green reactive oxygen species detection kit.bcl2 and bax mRNA levels were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). bcl2, bax, p38 and pp38 protein levels were measured by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of viable cardiomyocytes (93.5%, 74.9%, 89.9%) was significantly reduced while percentage of early stage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (6.5%, 25.2% and 11.1%) and late stage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (3.5%, 33.5% and 13.5%) were significantly increased in H/R group compared to control group and these changes could be largely reversed by NAC (all P < 0.01). Significantly increased ROS generation in H/R group could also be attenuated by NAC (P < 0.01). The band density ratio of pp38 and p38 was significantly upregulated in H/R group (13.4 vs. 3.89), the mRNA and protein expressions of bcl2 were significantly lower and bax expressions were significantly higher in H/R group than those in control group and these changes could also be attenuated by NAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAC significantly reduced apoptosis through inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 signal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Feng-xiang
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-long
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong-wu
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-zhu
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke-jiang
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000860:Hypoxia; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010100:Oxygen; D000111:Acetylcysteine