title: Ataxin-3 plays a role in mouse myogenic differentiation through regulation of integrin subunit levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During myogenesis several transcription factors and regulators of protein synthesis and assembly are rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Given the potential role of the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) ataxin-3 in the UPS, and the high expression of the murine ataxin-3 homolog in muscle during embryogenesis, we sought to define its role in muscle differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using immunofluorescence analysis, we found murine ataxin-3 (mATX3) to be highly expressed in the differentiated myotome of E9.5 mouse embryos. C2C12 myoblasts depleted of mATX3 by RNA interference exhibited a round morphology, cell misalignment, and a delay in differentiation following myogenesis induction. Interestingly, these cells showed a down-regulation of alpha5 and alpha7 integrin subunit levels both by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Mouse ATX3 was found to interact with alpha5 integrin subunit and to stabilize this protein by repressing its degradation through the UPS. Proteomic analysis of mATX3-depleted C2C12 cells revealed alteration of the levels of several proteins related to integrin signaling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ataxin-3 is important for myogenesis through regulation of integrin subunit levels.
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: do Carmo Costa
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bajanca
authors.forename: Ana-João
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corthals
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macedo-Ribeiro
authors.forename: Henry L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Logarinho
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maciel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067699:Ataxin-3; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D039482:Integrin alpha5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011485:Protein Binding; D040901:Proteomics; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D039482:Integrin alpha5; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C085725:integrin alpha7; D000067699:Ataxin-3; C511594:Atxn3 protein, mouse