title: Meningoencephalitis caused by a zygomycete fungus (Basidiobolus) associated with septic shock in an immunocompetent patient: 1-year follow-up after treatment.
abstract: Zygomycosis is an infection caused by opportunistic fungi of the Zygomycetes class, specifically those from the Mucorales and Entomophthorales orders. It is an uncommon disease, mainly restricted to immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a 73-year-old male patient with a history of fever (39 degrees C) lasting for 1 day, accompanied by shivering, trembling, and intense asthenia. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with complex partial seizures, and submitted to orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation under sedation with midazolam. The electroencephalogram showed evidence of non-convulsive status epilepticus. There is no fast specific laboratory test that permits confirmation of invasive fungal disease. Unless the physician suspects this condition, the disease may progress rapidly while the patient is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Differential diagnosis between fungal and bacterial infection is often difficult. The clinical presentation is sometimes atypical, and etiological investigation is not always successful. In the present case, the histopathological examination of the biopsy obtained from the right temporal lobe indicated the presence of irregular, round, thick-walled fungi forming papillae and elongated structures of irregular diameter, with no septa, indicative of zygomycete (Basidiobolus). Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole was initiated after diagnosis of meningoencephalitis by zygomycete, with a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Terapia Intensiva, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Universidade de São Paulo. mamartins@hcrp.usp.br
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auxiliadora-Martins
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Alkmim-Teixeira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machado-Viana
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellissimo-Rodrigues
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carlotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basile-Filho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020091:Entomophthorales / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020096:Zygomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole