title: Salmonella mutagenicity assessment of airborne particulate matter collected from urban areas of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, differing in anthropogenic influences and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels.
abstract: Urban areas are both major sources and major targets of air pollution. The atmospheric environment receives diverse chemical substances, including genotoxic agents that may affect human health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the atmospheric quality in two urban areas in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), under the influence of greater (Site 1) or lesser (Site 2) anthropogenic sources. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of environmental interest were quantified and the Salmonella/microsome assay was used for the measurement of mutagenicity. Organic compounds extracted from the airborne particulate matter were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect PAHs of interest (known or possible carcinogens). The organic extracts were also tested for mutagenic and cytotoxic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA98, TA100, YG1021 and YG1024, with or without S9 activation. At Site 1, benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) were found at higher concentrations and mutagenicity (revertants per μg extract) varied from 1.0±0.25 (TA98, no S9) to 5.2±0.45 (TA98, S9). At Site 2, BghiP and IP were present in larger amounts and the mutagenic responses ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 revertants per μg (both in TA98, S9). The occurrence of BghiP and IP may be related to vehicular emissions. These and the other PAHs studied, as well as the nitro compounds, may contribute to the mutagenicity found in these airborne particles.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pesquisas Ambientais, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental (FEPAM), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Gemma N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Gotor
authors.forename: Laiana S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.forename: Celia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Nolla
authors.forename: Jocelita A V
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Francesc P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Broto
authors.forename: Lluis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Comellas
authors.forename: Vera M F
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D001938:Brazil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons