title: Intraocular tuberculosis.
abstract: Intraocular manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are rare, but TB infection is common worldwide, especially in developing economies, and in immigrant populations and immunocompromised patients in developed nations. The current review focuses on the clinical characteristics and diagnostic modalities useful in the diagnosis of intraocular TB. Specifically, IFN-gamma Release Assays (IGRAs), antigen-detection assays, and polymerase chain reactions will be discussed. Clinical management of TB patients includes counseling and testing for HIV infection. The use of corticosteroids along with anti-tuberculous medications and special therapeutic considerations in immunocompromised patients are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cutrufello
authors.forename: Petros C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Karakousis
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fishler
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Albini
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; C072681:Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens; D007371:Interferon-gamma