title: Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists as flea adulticides in small animals.
abstract: Fleas are significant ectoparasites of small animals. They can be a severe irritant to animals and serve as a vector for a number of infectious diseases. In this article, we discuss the pharmacological characteristics of four insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists used as flea adulticides in dogs and cats, which include three neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran) and a macrocyclic lactone (spinosad). Insect nAChR agonists are one of the most important classes of insecticides, which are used to control sucking insects on both plants and animals. These novel compounds provide a new approach for practitioners to safely and effectively eliminate adult fleas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abu-Basha
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006146:Guanidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018942:Macrolides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005423:Siphonaptera
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006146:Guanidines; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; C465368:dinotefuran; C464843:nitenpyram; C082359:imidacloprid; C415329:spinosad