title: Increased expression of cardiac IL-17 after burn.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac dysfunction is a common complication associated with major burns. While recent findings have linked the Th-17 T-cell response to the development of autoimmune myocarditis, the role of IL-17 and the Th-17 T-cell response in the development of post-burn cardiac dysfunction remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a major burn (3rd degree, 25% TBSA) or sham treatment. Three hours after injury plasma and tissue (i.e., heart, lung, liver, small intestine) samples were collected and analyzed for the expression of Th-17 cytokine (i.e., IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TGF-beta) levels by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac tissue levels of the Th-17 cytokines, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly elevated at 3 hrs after burn as compared to sham levels. IL-17 was analyzed 1, 3 and 7 days after burn and showed a return to baseline levels and without a difference in the burn group. Burn-induced alterations in the level of these cytokines in plasma or other tissues were not evident. The cardiac Th-17 cytokine response after burn injury was specific, as cardiac levels of Th-1 (IFN-gamma) and Th-2 (IL-10) cytokines were not significantly affected after injury. The cardiac Th-17 response correlated with a significant increase in Troponin levels at 3 hr. after burn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that early after burn, cardiac tissue is associated with significantly elevated levels of Th-17 cytokines. The early Th-17 response after burn appears to be specific for cardiac tissue and may promote myocardial inflammation and dysfunction associated with this form of trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. schwacha@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Oppeltz
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Meenakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schwacha