title: The automatic component of habit in health behavior: habit as cue-contingent automaticity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the association of a cue and a response. Three studies examined habitual automaticity in regard to different aspects of the cue-response relationship characteristic of unhealthy and healthy habits.
  In each study, habitual automaticity was assessed by the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI). In Study 1 SRHI scores correlated with attentional bias to smoking cues in a Stroop task. Study 2 examined the ability of a habit cue to elicit an unwanted habit response. In a prospective field study, habitual automaticity in relation to smoking when drinking alcohol in a licensed public house (pub) predicted the likelihood of cigarette-related action slips 2 months later after smoking in pubs had become illegal. In Study 3 experimental group participants formed an implementation intention to floss in response to a specified situational cue. Habitual automaticity of dental flossing was rapidly enhanced compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies provided three different demonstrations of the importance of cues in the automatic operation of habits. Habitual automaticity assessed by the SRHI captured aspects of a habit that go beyond mere frequency or consistency of the behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom. sorbell@essex.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sheina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orbell
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verplanken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D001332:Automatism / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006040:Goals; D006184:Habits; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D057190:Stroop Test; D055815:Young Adult