title: Prognostic effects of calcium channel blockers in patients with vasospastic angina--a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although calcium channel blockers (CCB) are highly effective for suppression of vasospastic angina (VSA) attacks, their prognostic effects in VSA patients remain to be examined in a large number of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Databases for related papers were searched and then a meta-analysis regarding the effects of CCB on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in Japanese VSA patients with the 4 previous studies was performed. A total of 1,997 patients with positive coronary spasm provocation tests were evaluated. They were treated with either alone or combination of benidipine (n=320), amlodipine (n=308), nifedipine (n=182) or diltiazem (n=960). MACE were observed in 143 patients (cardiac death: 36, myocardial infarction: 51, heart failure: 26, stroke: 65, and aortic aneurysm: 11). The hazard ratio for the occurrence of MACE was significantly lower in patients treated with benidipine than in those with diltiazem. There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics affecting the occurrence of MACE among the 4 CCB groups. Furthermore, the hazard ratio for the occurrence of MACE was significantly lower in those treated with benidipine, even after correction for patient characteristics that could have affected the occurrence of MACE (hazard ratio 0.41, P=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that among the 4 major CCB that effectively suppress VSA attacks in general, benidipine showed significantly more beneficial prognostic effects than others.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sueda
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minatoguchi
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044466:Asian People; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D017311:Amlodipine; C061004:benidipine; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine