title: Test-retest reliability of step counts with the ActivPAL™ device in common daily activities.
abstract: The ActivPAL device is a well-established physical activity monitor for assessment of physical activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate test-retest reliability of step counts and establish minimal detectable changes (MDC) in step count to account for intra device error over time in various physical activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy participants (n=24, age range, 19-28 years) performed activities on two occasions, 1 week apart, in a laboratory setting; self-paced floor walking, treadmill walking at three different speeds (3.2 km/h, 4.5 km/h and 4.5 km/h with incline), treadmill jogging (8.0 km/h), stair walking and cycling on an exercise bike at three speeds (45 rpm, 60 rpm and 75 rpm). Relative reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation. Absolute reliability was assessed using standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of repeatability (CR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ActivPAL showed high to very high relative reliability for treadmill walking at all speeds and stair walking, while self-paced normal floor walking showed moderate reliability. The absolute reliability was the best for treadmill walking activities, slightly increased for self-paced walking, followed by stair walking and jogging. The use of activity monitors during cycling has been questioned and our results confirm a low absolute and relative reliability. MDC values varied according to the type of activity e.g. treadmill walking 4.5 km/h (10 steps), walking on the floor (45 steps). Data loss in this study (10-13%) was higher than previously reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ActivPAL is reliable for treadmill walking, jogging and self-paced walking. MCD varies according to the activity and should be considered when establishing true change over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. gunilla.dahlgren@previa.se
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moorhead
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Häger-Ross
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McDonough
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007590:Jogging / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009043:Motor Activity; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult