Prevalence and management of hypertension in the inpatient setting: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN) is a major cardiovascular risk factor yet control rates remain suboptimal. Thus, improving recognition, treatment, and control of HTN by focusing on novel populations such as hospitalized patients is warranted. Current consensus guidelines do not address inpatient HTN, and little is known about HTN prevalence or patterns of care in this setting.


METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of English-language studies published in 1976 or later that reported on HTN prevalence and care patterns among adult inpatients. We included MEDLINE-indexed randomized-controlled trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies that: (1) reported estimates of the prevalence of HTN in the inpatient setting, and (2) used HTN diagnosis or treatment as a primary focus. We excluded randomized, controlled trials that recorded measures of inpatient blood pressure but whose focus was not HTN.


RESULTS
We identified 9 studies meeting inclusion criteria, and in those studies, HTN was highly prevalent among inpatients, ranging from 50.5% to 72%. Intensification of antihypertensive treatment was inconsistent, and 37% to 77% of hypertensive patients remained hypertensive at the time of discharge. Most patients with inpatient HTN continued to have elevated blood pressures at outpatient follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Inpatient HTN is prevalent and a large percentage of those with this condition remain hypertensive at the time of discharge and at follow-up. The potential exists for improved recognition and treatment of newly diagnosed and known, but uncontrolled, HTN observed in the inpatient setting.
Axon
R Neal
RN
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. axon@musc.edu
Cousineau
Laura
L
Egan
Brent M
BM
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents