title: Mood and substance use disorders among adults seeking speech treatment for stuttering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stuttering has been associated with a range of anxiety disorders, including social phobia. In the general community, anxiety disorders are frequently associated with increased rates of mood and substance use disorders. Therefore, in the present study, the authors sought to determine the rate of mood and substance use disorders among adults who stutter.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a matched case-control design. Participants included 92 adults seeking treatment for stuttering and 920 age- and gender-matched controls. Mental health assessments were conducted via a computerized psychiatric diagnostic interview. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the prevalence of mood and substance use disorders in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with matched controls, adults seeking treatment for stuttering had twofold increased odds of meeting criteria for a 12-month diagnosis of any mood disorder but were not found to report significantly higher lifetime prevalence rates for any substance use disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although adults who stutter in the present study were characterized by significantly higher rates of mood disorders than matched controls, they do not appear to self-medicate with substances such as alcohol. Results are discussed in terms of treatment implications and possible reasons why adults who stutter may avoid alcohol.
authors.affiliation: Australian Stuttering Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe NSW 2141 Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iverach
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brian
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hewat
authors.forename: Ross G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Packman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onslow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D013070:Speech Therapy; D013342:Stuttering / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult