title: Preventive effects of chebulic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula on advanced glycation endproduct-induced endothelial cell dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aqueous extract of Terminalia chebular fruits was reported to have anti-hyperglycemia and anti-diabetic complication effects. The present study therefore investigated the protective mechanism of chebulic acid, a phenolcarboxylic acid compound isolated from the ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula against advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-induced endothelial cell dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the protective mechanism of chebulic acid against vascular endothelial dysfunction human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with chebulic acid in the presence/absence of glyceraldehyde-related AGEs (glycer-AGEs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HUVEC incubated with 100 μg/ml of glycer-AGEs had significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species formation, whereas the treatment of chebulic acid dose-dependently reduced glycer-AGE-induced formation to 108.2 ± 1.9% for 25 μM versus 137.8 ± 1.1% for glycer-AGEs treated alone. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) value of the glycer-AGEs group was dramatically decreased to 76.9 ± 2.2% compared to the control, whereas chebulic acid treatment prevented glycer-AGE-induced TER change with a value of 91.3 ± 5.3%. The incubation of confluent HUVEC with 100 μg/ml of glycer-AGEs for 24h remarkably increased the adhesion of human monocytic THP-1 cells compared to non-stimulated HUVEC. These increases in HUVEC adhesiveness were dose-dependently reduced by chebulic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows the effects of chebulic acid against the progression of AGE-induced endothelial cell dysfunction suggesting that this compound may constitute a promising intervention agent against diabetic vascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoon-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hyung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Kyung-Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005985:Glyceraldehyde / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C103481:chebulinic acid; D005985:Glyceraldehyde