title: Does slower rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair lead to long-term stiffness?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conservative rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair does not result in long-term stiffness and improves rates of tendon healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 43 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears who underwent a standardized, conservative protocol of full-time sling immobilization without formal therapy for 6 weeks after arthroscopic repair. At 6 to 8 weeks of follow-up, we categorized patients as "stiff" if they demonstrated forward elevation of less than 100° and external rotation of less than 30° passively; all others were designated "nonstiff." Active range of motion in forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation was assessed at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Constant-Murley scores were assessed at 1 year. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained in all patients to assess tendon healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients (23%) were considered stiff after rotator cuff surgery. At 1 year, there was no difference in mean forward elevation (166° vs 161°, P = .2), external rotation (62° vs. 58.4°, P = .5), or internal rotation (T7.4 vs T8.2, P = .07) between the stiff and nonstiff groups, respectively. There were no differences in final ASES (83 vs 79, P = .57) and Constant-Murley scores (77 vs. 74, P = .5). Repeat MRI suggested a trend toward a lower retear rate among the stiff patients (70% intact in stiff group vs 36% in nonstiff group, P = .079). Two clinically significant cuff retears occurred in the nonstiff cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concerns for recalcitrant stiffness have led some to favor early postoperative therapy. We found that early restriction of motion did not lead to long-term stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, even in patients who were clinically stiff in the early postoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sling immobilization for 6 weeks after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair does not result in increased long-term stiffness and may improve the rate of tendon healing.
authors.affiliation: Leni & Peter May Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. bradford.parsons@mountsinai.org
authors.forename: Bradford O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Konrad I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Gruson
authors.forename: Darwin D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gladstone
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Flatow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012421:Rupture; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome