title: Associations between adult attachment ratings and health conditions: evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attachment insecurity has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of disease and chronic illness. This study was the first to investigate associations between adult attachment ratings and a wide range of health conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (N = 5645) were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed Hazan and Shaver's (1987) measure of adult attachment and provided reports regarding 15 health conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analyses that adjusted for demographic variables indicated that avoidant attachment ratings were positively associated with conditions defined primarily by pain (e.g., frequent or severe headaches). Anxious attachment ratings were positively associated with a wider range of health conditions, including several involving the cardiovascular system (i.e., stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure). Secure attachment ratings were unrelated to the health conditions. Additional analyses investigated whether the attachment ratings accounted for unique variance in the health conditions beyond that accounted for by lifetime histories of depressive, anxiety, and alcohol- or substance-related disorders. In these analyses, anxious attachment ratings continued to have significant positive associations with chronic pain, stroke, heart attack, high blood pressure, and ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings were generally supportive of the theory that insecure attachment is a risk factor for the development of disease and chronic illness, particularly conditions involving the cardiovascular system. Further research regarding the role of attachment in the development of specific health conditions is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. Lachlan.Mcwilliams@acadiau.ca
authors.forename: Lachlan A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McWilliams
authors.forename: S Jeffrey
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult