title: Carriage of cytochrome 2C19 polymorphism is associated with risk of high post-treatment platelet reactivity on high maintenance-dose clopidogrel of 150 mg/day: results of the ACCEL-DOUBLE (Accelerated Platelet Inhibition by a Double Dose of Clopidogrel According to Gene Polymorphism) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the impact of gene polymorphisms on platelet reactivity (PR) after clopidogrel 150 mg/day in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although high maintenance-dose (MD) clopidogrel reduces PR, it is unknown whether gene polymorphisms are related with the risk of high post-treatment PR (HPPR) after high-MD clopidogrel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included mostly patients receiving high-MD clopidogrel after PCI from previously registered Gyeongsang National University Hospital data. A total of 126 PCI-treated patients receiving high-MD clopidogrel were enrolled. Platelet reactivity was assessed with conventional aggregometry and VerifyNow (Accumetrics Inc., San Diego, California) after receiving clopidogrel 150 mg/day for at least 1 month. CYP3A5, CYP2C19, and ABCB1 genotyping was performed. We defined HPPR as 5 micromol/l adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced maximal PR (PR(max)) >50%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms did not influence PR. Carriers of CYP2C19 variant (*2 or *3) (n = 80) had significantly higher 5 and 20 micromol/l ADP-induced PR(max) than did noncarriers (n = 46) (40.7 +/- 16.8% vs. 30.3 +/- 12.6%, p < 0.001; 54.2 +/- 16.2% vs. 40.5 +/- 15.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). Late PR and VerifyNow results indicated consistently greater measures in carriers versus noncarriers of CYP2C19 variant. All platelet measures proportionally increased according to the number of CYP2C19 variant alleles. Twenty-seven (21.4%) patients met the criteria for HPPR. Prevalence of HPPR was 8.7%, 21.7%, and 50.0% in carriers of 0, 1, and 2 CYP2C19 variant alleles, respectively (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, carriage of CYP2C19 variant was a significant predictor of HPPR (odds ratio: 5.525, 95% confidence interval: 1.333 to 23.256, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among PCI-treated patients receiving high-MD clopidogrel, carriage of CYP2C19 variant relates to increased PR and predicts risk of HPPR. (Adjunctive Cilostazol Versus High Maintenance-dose ClopidogrEL in Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] Patients According to CYP2C19 Polymorphism [ACCELAMI2C19]; NCT00915733; and Comparison of Platelet Inhibition With Adjunctive Cilostazol Versus High Maintenance-Dose Clopidogrel According to Hepatic Cytochrome 2C19 Allele (CYP2C19) Polymorphism [ACCEL2C19]; NCT00891670).
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea. goodoctor@naver.com
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: In-Suk
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yongwhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Min-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jin-Sin
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Seok-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Choong Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Jin-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012042:Registries; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D013988:Ticlopidine