Free radical scavenging and anti-acne activities of mangosteen fruit rind extracts prepared by different extraction methods.
The ethanol extracts of mangosteen fruit rinds prepared by several extraction methods were examined for their contents of bioactive compounds, DPPH-scavenging activity, and anti-acne producing bacteria against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The dried powder of the fruit rind was extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and extraction using a magnetic stirrer. Soxhlet extraction promoted the maximum contents of crude extract (26.60% dry weight) and alpha-mangostin (13.51%, w/w of crude extract), and also gave the highest anti-acne activity with MIC 7.81 and 15.63 microg/mL and MBC 15.53 and 31.25 microg/mL against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, respectively. Ethanol 70% and 50% (v/v) were also compared in Soxhlet extraction. Ethanol 50% promoted the extract with maximum amounts of total phenolic compounds (26.96 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g extract) and total tannins (46.83 g tannic acid equivalents/100 g extract), and also exhibited the most effective DPPH-scavenging activity (EC(50) 12.84 microg/mL). Considering various factors involved in the process, Soxhlet extraction carried a low cost in terms of reagents and extraction time. It appears to be the recommended extraction method for mangosteen fruit rind. Ethanol 50% should be the appropriate solvent for extracting free radical-scavenging components, phenolic compounds, and tannins, while 95% ethanol is recommended for extraction of alpha-mangostin, a major anti-acne component from this plant.
Pothitirat
Werayut
W
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chomnawang
Mullika Traidej
MT
Supabphol
Roongtawan
R
Gritsanapan
Wandee
W
D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D044004:Xanthones / Q000032:analysis
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013634:Tannins; D044004:Xanthones; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C021053:mangostin