title: Efficacy of palatal block for analgesia following palatoplasty in children with cleft palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective randomized controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of palatal block i.e. blocking of naso palatine, greater and also lesser palatine nerves in children with cleft palate undergoing palatoplasty by evaluating its effects on intraoperative anesthetic requirement, postoperative analgesia and parental satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five pediatric patients aged below five undergoing cleft palate repair were randomly allocated to three groups of 15 each. After tracheal intubation, Group NB received no block for control, group S received 0.5 ml of normal saline and group B received 0.5 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine for palatal block. Postoperative pain score, the time to first demand of analgesia and number of rescue analgesic demands were noted. Finally, the parental satisfaction was graded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The block had no anesthetic sparing effect. The mean pain scores were significantly lower in patients who received block than in the group NB. The mean area under curve for FLACC score in group NB was 29 with 95% CI of 25-32, group S was 15 with 95% CI of 8.9-22.3 and in group B, it was 10 with 95% CI of 6-14. The time to first demand of analgesia was 6 [4.5-6] h in group NB, 18 [6-18] h in group S and 18 [18-18] h in group B (P-0.000). The number of demands of rescue analgesia was significantly less in group B 0 [0-0.25], 0 [0-2] in S group compared to group NB 3 [3-3] (P-0.000). The parental satisfaction was good in patients who received block and poor in group NB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palatal block is technically simple, safe and effectively provides postoperative analgesia with good parental satisfaction. Injection of saline also produced palatal nerve block; however, the effect was not consistent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. jonnavithulanirmala@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nirmala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jonnavithula
authors.forename: Padmaja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durga
authors.forename: Vamsikrishna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madduri
authors.forename: Gopinath
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Rambabu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuvvula
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srikanth
authors.forename: Mukunda R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Damalcheruvu
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010159:Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D010290:Parents; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies