title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: can SBRT be comparable to surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review treatment outcomes for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in medically operable patients with Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using a Japanese multi-institutional database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2004, a total of 87 patients with Stage I NSCLC (median age, 74 years; T1N0M0, n=65; T2N0M0, n=22) who were medically operable but refused surgery were treated using SBRT alone in 14 institutions. Stereotactic three-dimensional treatment was performed using noncoplanar dynamic arcs or multiple static ports. Total dose was 45-72.5 Gy at the isocenter, administered in 3-10 fractions. Median calculated biological effective dose was 116 Gy (range, 100-141 Gy). Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (median, 55 months), cumulative local control rates for T1 and T2 tumors at 5 years after SBRT were 92% and 73%, respectively. Pulmonary complications above Grade 2 arose in 1 patient (1.1%). Five-year overall survival rates for Stage IA and IB subgroups were 72% and 62%, respectively. One patient who developed local recurrences safely underwent salvage surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic body radiotherapy is safe and promising as a radical treatment for operable Stage I NSCLC. The survival rate for SBRT is potentially comparable to that for surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan. honishi@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirato
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niibe
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hareyama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Takuyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozuka
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arimoto
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome