title: Quercetin and naringenin reduce abnormal development of mouse embryos produced by hydroxyurea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is limited evidence about the impact of quercetin and naringenin on embryonic development. The purpose of this work was to evaluate in vitro their direct teratogenic potential as well as their protective activity against teratogenesis mediated by oxidative damage on mouse embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quercetin and naringenin toxicity on whole mouse cultured embryos, as well as their ability to protect embryos against hydroxyurea-induced insult were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quercetin 100 microm and naringenin 300 microm produced significant reduction of developmental and growth parameters, in comparison with those of the control group. Embryos exposed to the concurrent administration of quercetin or naringenin with hydroxyurea (2 microm, 2 h) were significantly protected from growth and developmental retardation, and abnormalities induced by hydroxyurea. Interestingly, embryos exposed to hydroxyurea and dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1%, the vehicle employed to dissolve flavonoids, also showed significant damage amelioration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that quercetin and naringenin have not only a minor toxic effect on development, but also a protective effect against hydroxyurea-induced embryonic damage.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pharmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N. Campus Zacatenco, México D.F., México.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pastén
authors.forename: Elizdath
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Galero
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chamorro-Cevallos
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D011794:Quercetin; C005273:naringenin; D006918:Hydroxyurea