title: Smoking and its determinants among Iranian dental students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to investigate smoking habits of Iranian dental students in relation to their background characteristics and oral self-care (OSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted of 327 senior dental students in seven randomly selected state dental schools in Iran. In addition to smoking habits and background characteristics, the students were asked about OSC. A recommended level of OSC was defined as a combination of brushing at least twice a day, frequent use of fluoridated toothpaste, and eating sugary snacks less than daily. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 263 students (113 males and 150 females) completely answered the questions and were included in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 263 students, 59 (23%, 37 males and 22 females) reported current smoking (cigarette, pipe, or water pipe). Current smoking was associated with male gender (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.4-5.6), level of father's education (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8), and OSC (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.3-14.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking among Iranian dental students is similar to their socioeconomic group, and is associated with the characteristics of their background, such as gender and father's level of education, as well as the quality of OSC. The results indicate a need to include smoking cessation education and public health activities in the dental curriculum to provide future health care professionals and role models for patients with adequate training in up-to-date patient management to control smoking.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mohammad.khami@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murtomaa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razeghi
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013335:Students, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*