title: Chromium and manganese levels in biological samples of Pakistani myocardial infarction patients at different stages as related to controls.
abstract: It has been speculated that trace elements may play a role in the pathogenesis of heart diseases In the present study, we aimed to access the levels of chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) in biological samples (whole blood, urine, and scalp hair) of myocardial infarction (MI) patients of both gender age ranged (45-60 years) at first, second, and third heart attack (n = 130), hospitalized in cardiac ward of National Hospital of Hyderabad city (Pakistan). For comparison, healthy age-matched referent subjects (n = 61), of both gender were also selected. The Cr and Mn in biological samples were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity of the methodology was checked by the biological certified reference materials. During this study, 78% of 32 registered patients of third MI attack (aged >50 years) were died. In these subjects the concentration of Cr and Mn were decreased by 24.7% and 19.8% in scalp hair, while in blood samples 17.9% and 12.4%, respectively, as compared to those who tolerated third MI attack (p = 0.063). Although these data do not prove a causal relationship, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that heart disease may cause deficiencies of certain essential trace elements. The excretion levels of Cr and Mn in urine samples of first MCI were higher than controls at p values (0.029 and 0.011), respectively, whereas the excretion rates of both elements were further enhance after second myocardial infarction attack. The Cr and Mn concentration was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction attacks in both genders. These results add to an increasing body of evidence that, Cr and Mn are importance for cardiovascular health.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. hassanimranafridi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.lastname: Sirajuddin
authors.forename: Ghulam Abbas
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kandhro
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Abdul Qadir
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Mohammad Khan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: Mohammad Balal
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Sham Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nida Fatima
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kolachi
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*; D010154:Pakistan; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese