title: Protective effects of bovine colostrum acid proteins on bone loss of ovariectomized rats and the ingredients identification.
abstract: METHODS
  Milk basic proteins and bovine colostrum extracts have preventive effects on osteoporosis. However, the effects of bovine colostrum acidic proteins (BCAP) on properties of bone have not been reported. This study investigated the effect of BCAP on the prevention of bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight 3-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats were OVX and another 12 rats underwent a sham operation (Sham). The OVX rats were randomly separated into four groups, i.e. OVX control, OVX plus 2 mg/day BCAP, OVX plus 10 mg/day BCAP, and OVX plus 50 mg/day BCAP, and were gavaged once per day for 12 wk. The effects on bone mineral content, bone mineral density, microarchitecture and biomechanical properties were determined. The bioactive ingredients in BCAP were isolated and identified. Results showed that BCAP increased the bone mineral content and bone mineral density of the femur in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscope observation and mechanical testing further confirmed the positive effects of BCAP. These positive effects attribute to the fact that osteopontin, lactoferrin, epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-2 are the dominant proteins in BCAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCAP (2-50 mg/day) could prevent osteoporosis caused by bone loss in OVX rats.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Huaxi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lanwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002417:Cattle; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D008894:Milk Proteins