title: An autostereoscopic 3D display can improve visualization of 3D models from intracranial MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An autostereoscopic display with image quality comparable to ordinary 2D displays has recently been developed. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether the visualization of static 3D models from intracranial time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) was improved by this display.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) and Volume Rendering (VR) 3D models of intracranial arteries were created from ten TOF MRA datasets. Thirty-one clinically relevant intracranial arterial segments were marked in the TOF source images. A total of 217 markings were used. The markings were displayed in the 3D models as overlying red dots. Three neuroradiologists viewed the static 3D models on the autostereoscopic display, with the display operating either in autostereoscopic mode or in 2D mode. The task of the neuroradiologists was to correctly identify the marked artery. A paired comparison was made between arterial identification in autostereoscopic and 2D display mode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 314 MIP 3D models, 233 arterial markings (74%) were correctly identified with the display operating in autostereoscopic mode versus 179 (57%) in 2D mode. Odds ratio for correct identification with autostereoscopic mode versus 2D mode was 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.55-3.04, P < 0.001). In 337 VR 3D models, 256 markings (76%) were correctly identified using autostereoscopic mode and 229 (68%) using 2D mode (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.09, P = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The visualization of intracranial arteries in static 3D models from TOF MRA can be improved by the use of an autostereoscopic display.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. andreas.abildgaard@rikshospitalet.no
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abildgaard
authors.forename: Alaa Kasid
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Witwit
authors.forename: Jørn Skaarud
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.forename: Eva Astrid
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tennøe
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ringstad
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Due-Tønnessen
mesh_terms: D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results