title: Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pediatric trauma patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children requiring prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after traumatic injury have been shown to have poor survival. However, outcome of children still receiving CPR on-arrival by emergency medical service to the emergency department (ED) has not been demonstrated in a published clinical series.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year retrospective analysis from a level I pediatric trauma center of the outcomes of children requiring prehospital CPR after traumatic injury was undertaken. Outcome variables were stratified by survival, death, and CPR on-arrival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 169 children requiring prehospital CPR, there were 28 survivors and 141 deaths. Of 69 children requiring CPR on-arrival to the ED, there were no survivors. There were 70 females and 99 males. Mean age of survivors was 3.4 years; nonsurvivors, 8.8 years; and 4.6 years for CPR on-arrival. Thirty-nine percent of all injuries were sustained in motor vehicle collisions; 20%, motor pedestrian collisions; 19%, assaults; 7%, falls; 4%, all terrain vehicle/motorcycle/bicycle; and 4%, gunshot wounds. Forty-two percent of all patients expired in the ED, whereas 34% expired in the intensive care unit. Eighty-seven percent of CPR on-arrival patients expired in the ED. Fifty-five percent of survivors had full neurologic recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mortality was extremely high for children requiring CPR in the field After traumatic injury, it was absolute for those arriving at the ED still undergoing CPR.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Kshama
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sabella
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vinson
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Megison
authors.forename: R Todd
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Maxson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018447:Medical Futility; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*