title: Dynamic antibody responses to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome.
abstract: Considerable effort has been directed toward controlling tuberculosis, which kills almost two million people yearly. High on the research agenda is the discovery of biomarkers of active tuberculosis (TB) for diagnosis and for monitoring treatment outcome. Rational biomarker discovery requires understanding host-pathogen interactions leading to biomarker expression. Here we report a systems immunology approach integrating clinical data and bacterial metabolic and regulatory information with high-throughput detection in human serum of antibodies to the entire Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome. Sera from worldwide TB suspects recognized approximately 10% of the bacterial proteome. This result defines the M. tuberculosis immunoproteome, which is rich in membrane-associated and extracellular proteins. Additional analyses revealed that during active tuberculosis (i) antibody responses focused on an approximately 0.5% of the proteome enriched for extracellular proteins, (ii) relative target preference varied among patients, and (iii) responses correlated with bacillary burden. These results indicate that the B cell response tracks the evolution of infection and the pathogen burden and replicative state and suggest functions associated with B cell-rich foci seen in tuberculous lung granulomas. Our integrated proteome-scale approach is applicable to other chronic infections characterized by diverse antibody target recognition.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Shajo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunnath-Velayudhan
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salamon
authors.forename: Hui-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Davidow
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Vu T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Felgner
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gennaro
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D040901:Proteomics; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome