title: Enhanced decomposition of reactive blue 19 dye in ultrasound assisted electrochemical reactor.
abstract: Textile industry effluents contain reactive dyes that may harm our receiving waters. A typical reactive blue (RB) 19 dye is frequently detected in significant concentrations in textile industry effluents. Such dyes have generally shown resistance to decomposition and tend to persist in the environment for long periods and multiply the impacts to water and environment. Therefore, the present investigation focused on high-rate decomposition of a typical reactive dye RB 19 under various ultrasound and electrochemical process conditions. The decomposition of un-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed forms of reactive blue (RB) 19 dye by ultrasound assisted electrochemical process was investigated using various parameters including dye concentration, pH, ultrasonic frequency and reaction time. Reaction kinetics, organic carbon and mechanism for dye decomposition were determined using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, TOC (total organic carbon) analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Almost complete 90% color removal and a maximum of 56% TOC removal for 50 mg L(-1) dye concentration of un-hydrolyzed RB 19 dye was achieved at an ultrasonic frequency of 80 kHz, pH of 8 after 120 min. GC-MS analysis showed that a sonoelectrochemical treatment of un-hydrolyzed RB 19 dye for 30 min resulted in the formation of products e.g. acetic acid, benzoic acid etc. with the complete removal of dye. For hydrolyzed dye, a treatment of 10 min was enough and the results were comparable with 30 min treatment of un-hydrolyzed dye. Kinetics of ultrasound assisted electrolysis showed that the dye decomposition followed 1st order. The ultrasound assisted electrolysis for dye decomposition and hence decolorization proved to be more effective and the total energy consumption reduced to half as compared with simple electrolysis/sonochemical decomposition. Therefore, ultrasound assisted electrolysis was found to be more effective technique for dye decomposition of an otherwise environmentally persistent reactive dye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: Robina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.forename: Zahid Mehmood
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Zarsher
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shaukat
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents; C024758:Remazol Brilliant Blue R