title: Voluptuary habits and clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease: the FRAGAMP case-control study.
abstract: We evaluated the possible association between smoking, coffee drinking, and alcohol consumption and Parkinson's disease (PD). The FRAGAMP study is a large Italian multicenter case-control study carried out to evaluate the possible role of environmental and genetic factors in PD. Adjusted ORs were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Smoking, coffee, and alcohol consumption were also considered as surrogate markers of lifestyle and analysis was carried out considering the presence of at least one, two, or three factors. This latter analysis was separately performed considering Tremor-Dominant (TD) and Akinetic-Rigid (AR) patients. Four hundred ninety-two PD patients (292 men and 200 women) and 459 controls (160 men and 299 women) were enrolled in the study. Multivariate analysis showed a significant negative association between PD and cigarette smoking (OR 0.51; 95%CI 0.36-0.72), coffee drinking (OR 0.61; 95%CI 0.43-0.87) and wine consumption (OR 0.62; 95%CI 0.44-0.86); a significant trend dose-effect (P < 0.05) has been found for all the factors studied. We have also found a trend dose-effect for the presence of at least one, two or three factors with a greater risk reduction (83%) for the presence of three factors. However, a different strength of association between TD and AR was found with a greater risk reduction for the AR patients. We found a significant inverse association between PD smoking, coffee, and alcohol consumption. When analysis was carried out considering the association of these factors as possible surrogate markers of a peculiar lifestyle the association was stronger for the AR phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Gennarina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arabia
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Annesi
authors.forename: Michele De
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epifanio
authors.forename: Letterio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.forename: Autilia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Giusi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torchia
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quattrone
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee