title: Natural radionuclides in fish species from surface water of Bagjata and Banduhurang uranium mining areas, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the natural radionuclides in the freshwater fish samples around the uranium mining areas of Bagjata and Banduhurang, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The naturally occurring radioisotopes of uranium, U(nat), consisting of (234)U, (235)U and (238)U; (226)Ra, (230)Th and (210)Po were analysed in the fish samples from the surface water of Bagjata and Banduhurang mining areas after acid digestion. The ingestion dose, concentration factor and excess lifetime cancer risk of the radionuclides were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean activity of U(nat), (226)Ra, (230)Th and (210)Po in the fish samples was found to be 0.05, 0.19, 0.29 and 0.95 Bq kg(-1)(fresh) (Becquerel per kilogram fresh fish), respectively, in the Bagjata mining area, while for Banduhurang mining area it was estimated to be 0.08, 0.41, 0.22 and 2.48 Bq kg(-1)(fresh), respectively. The ingestion dose was computed to be 1.88 and 4.16 μSvY(-1), respectively, for both the areas which is much below the 1 mSv limit set in the new International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations. The estimation of the Concentration Factors (CF) reveal that the CF from water is greater than 1 l/kg(-1)in most of the cases while from sediment CF is less than 1. The excess individual lifetime cancer risk due to the consumption of fish was calculated to be 2.53 × 10(-5) and 6.48 × 10(-5), respectively, for Bagjata and Banduhurang areas, which is within the acceptable excess individual lifetime cancer risk value of 1 × 10(-4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirms that current levels of radioactivity do not pose a significant radiological risk to freshwater fish consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India. soma0307@gmail.com
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: Gurdeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tripathi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water; D005843:Geography; D007194:India; D008906:Mining; D011059:Polonium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D011883:Radium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D014501:Uranium; D013910:Thorium; D011059:Polonium; D011883:Radium