title: A calorimetric study of energy conversion efficiency of a sonochemical reactor at 500 kHz for organic solvents.
abstract: It would seem that the economic viability is yet to be established for a great number of sonochemical processes, owning to their perfectible ultrasonic equipments. Industrial scale sonoreactors may become more important as a result of mastering the parameters with influence on their energy balance. This work related the solvent type to the energy efficiency as the first step of a complex study aiming to assess the energy balance of sonochemical reactors at 500 kHz. Quantitative measurements of ultrasonic power for water and 10 pure organic solvents were performed by calorimetry for a cylindrically shaped sonochemical reactor with a bottom mounted vibrating plate. It was found that the ultrasonic power is strongly related to the solvent, the energy conversion for organic liquids is half from that of water and there is a drop in energy efficiency for filling levels up to 250 mm organic solvents. Surface tension, viscosity and vapor pressure influence the energy conversion for organic solvents, but it is difficult explain these findings based on physical properties of solvents alone. The apparent intensity of the atomization process shows a good agreement with the experimentally determined values for energy conversion for water and the solvent group studied here. This study revealed that to attain the same ultrasonic power level, more electrical energy is need for organic solvents as compared to water. The energy balance equation has been defined based on these findings by considering an energy term for atomization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan. maricela_toma@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukutomi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koda
mesh_terms: D002151:Calorimetry; D004735:Energy Transfer; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents