title: Inaccuracies in dosing drugs with teaspoons and tablespoons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to evaluate the potential inaccuracies in administering the desired dose of drugs with teaspoons and tablespoons.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected all the different teaspoons/tablespoons that were available in 25 households in the area of Attica, Greece and measured their volume capacity (ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 71 teaspoons and 49 tablespoons were provided by the 25 women (mean age 48.0 years) study participants. When these utensils were filled with water, the volume capacity of the 71 teaspoons and 49 tablespoons ranged from 2.5 to 7.3 ml (the mean and the median volume was 4.4 ml). When the standardised teaspoon was used, the volume ranged from 3.9 to 4.9 ml among the total of the 25 study participants. When a subset of five study participants filled this teaspoon with paracetamol syrup, mean volume was 4.8 ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teaspoons and tablespoons are unreliable dosing devices, and thus their use should no longer be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece. m.falagas@aibs.gr
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Falagas
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Vouloumanou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plessa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peppas
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Rafailidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003297:Cooking and Eating Utensils / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014894:Weights and Measures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations