title: [Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in saliva of metabolic syndrome patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between periodontitis and the low-grade inflammation in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven MS patients, 26 healthy controls were enrolled. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Concentration of cytokines was compared between MS patients and the healthy controls. Correlations between the cytokines and various periodontal indices, and between the cytokines level and different quantity of metabolic syndrome components were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of TNF-alpha in saliva of MS patients [(69.30+/-21.01) ng/L] were significantly higher than that in the healthy subjects [(57.85+/-15.69) ng/L, P<0.05], and of IL-1beta in MS patients [(616.42+/-360.05) ng/L] higher than that in healthy subjects [(506.06+/-245.76) ng/L], but the difference was not statistically significant. TNF-alpha was positively correlated with bleeding index (BI). In MS patients, TNF-alpha level and IL-1beta level increased with increasing severity of periodontal disease and increasing component numbers of MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal inflammation may be one of the sources of low-grade inflammation in MS patients. Both systemic and periodontal conditions may influence the level of salivary TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. helubj@tom.com
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yue-qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Zhi-bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing-xian
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Xing-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha