title: Complications in periocular rejuvenation.
abstract: Thorough preoperative evaluation with meticulous surgical planning to achieve facial aesthetic balance between the forehead, eyelids, and midface is imperative to avoid or decrease potential functional and/or cosmetic complications in cosmetic periocular surgery. Before performing surgery, the physician should be aware of the patient's history of dry eyes, previous facial trauma, previous injection of Botox Cosmetic, history of previous laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, and past facial surgery. A full evaluation should be performed on the upper eyelid/brow region to assess for the presence of brow ptosis, brow/eyelid asymmetry, dermatochalasis/pseudodermatochalasis, eyelid ptosis, and deep superior sulcus. On the lower eyelid/cheek examination, special attention should be directed to the diagnosis of underlying negative vector, dry eyes, prominent eyes, lower lid retraction, ectropion, lateral canthal dystopia, lower eyelid laxity, scleral show, and lagophthalmos, with a rejuvenation goal that focuses on obtaining a youthful fullness through repositioning and reinforcing efforts to avoid the negative effects of hollowness. Intraoperative and postoperative medical and surgical management of cosmetic periocular surgery complications focus on decreasing the risk of postoperative ptosis, lagophthalmos, lid retraction, and lid asymmetry, with special attention to limiting the risk of visual loss secondary to orbital hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculoplastics Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. drmack@tampabay.rr.com
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mack
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D004954:Esthetics; D005138:Eyebrows; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010808:Physical Examination; D012060:Rejuvenation