title: Safety and tolerability of vildagliptin vs. thiazolidinedione as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with and without mild renal impairment: a retrospective analysis of the GALIANT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective analysis assessed safety and tolerability of vildagliptin (Vilda) as an add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal renal function (GFR >80mL/min/1.73m(2)) and mild renal impairment (GFR: >50 to ≤80mL/min/1.73m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adverse events (AE) from this 12-week, randomized, open-label study comparing Vilda 100mg and thiazolidinediones (TZD) as an add-on therapy in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled (HbA(1c): 7-10%) on a stable dose of metformin (≥1000mg/day) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2627 randomized patients, 1278 in the Vilda and 635 in the TZD groups had normal renal function; 463 in the Vilda and 230 in the TZD groups had mild renal impairment. Higher incidence of headache and rash was noted in both Vilda groups, whereas those with mild renal impairment receiving TZD experienced a higher incidence of peripheral edema and URI. Fewer patients in the Vilda group discontinued the study due to AEs compared to TZD group. Serious AEs were greater in TZD groups (normal: 2.4%; mild renal impairment: 3.0%) compared to Vilda groups (normal: 1.6%; mild renal impairment: 2.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety profile of Vilda or TZD as an add-on to metformin was similar in patients with mild renal impairment and normal renal function.
authors.affiliation: SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Banerji
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purkayastha
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077597:Vildagliptin
chemical_list: D000218:Adamantane; D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077597:Vildagliptin; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione