title: The effect of high-frequency electric pulses on tumor blood flow in vivo.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 5-kHz repetition frequency of electroporating electric pulses in comparison to the standard 1-Hz frequency on blood flow of invasive ductal carcinoma tumors in Balb/C mice. Electroporation was performed by the delivery of eight electric pulses of 1,000 V cm(-1) and 100 mus duration at a repetition frequency of 1 Hz or 5 kHz. Blood flow changes in tumors were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Monitoring was performed continuously for 10 min before application of the electric pulses as well as immediately after application of the electric pulses for 40 min. The delivery of electric pulses to tumors induced changes in tumor blood flow. The reduction in blood flow started after the stimulation and continued for the 40-min period of observation. There was a significant difference in blood flow changes 3 min after application of the electric pulses at 1-Hz or 5-kHz repetition frequency. However, after 3 min the difference became nonsignificant. The findings showed that the high pulse frequency (5 kHz) had an effect comparable to the 1-Hz frequency on tumor blood flow except at very short times after pulse delivery, when pulses at 5 kHz produced a more intense reduction of blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalale-ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raeisi
authors.forename: S M P
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Firoozabadi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajizadeh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rajabi
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000628:therapy; D018274:Electroporation; D005260:Female; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013997:Time Factors