title: Relationship between joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present an updated summary of the relationship between joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis, with a particular focus on osteoarthritis of the hip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteoarthritis of the hip is highly heritable, with a genetic contribution estimated at 60%. Among the genes that have been linked to this disease are several that are involved in the development and maintenance of joint shape, including members of the Wingless (Wnt) and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. Several features of hip joint architecture, such as acetabular dysplasia, pistol grip deformity, wide femoral neck, altered femoral neck-shaft angle, appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and may predate the development of osteoarthritis by decades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene-environment interactions play a crucial role in the development of osteoarthritis. The architecture of joint shape is determined by a complex sequence spanning embryonic, childhood, and adult life and contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baker-LePain
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000473:pathology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000473:pathology*