Oligomerization state and supramolecular structure of the HIV-1 Vpu protein transmembrane segment in phospholipid bilayers.
HIV-1 Vpu is an 81-residue protein with a single N-terminal transmembrane (TM) helical segment that is involved in the release of new virions from host cell membranes. Vpu and its TM segment form ion channels in phospholipid bilayers, presumably by oligomerization of TM helices into a pore-like structure. We describe measurements that provide new constraints on the oligomerization state and supramolecular structure of residues 1-40 of Vpu (Vpu(1-40)), including analytical ultracentrifugation measurements to investigate oligomerization in detergent micelles, photo-induced crosslinking experiments to investigate oligomerization in bilayers, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements to obtain constraints on intermolecular contacts between and orientations of TM helices in bilayers. From these data, we develop molecular models for Vpu TM oligomers. The data indicate that a variety of oligomers coexist in phospholipid bilayers, so that a unique supramolecular structure can not be defined. Nonetheless, since oligomers of various sizes have similar intermolecular contacts and orientations, molecular models developed from our data are most likely representative of Vpu TM oligomers that exist in host cell membranes.
Lu
Jun-Xia
JX
Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA.
Sharpe
Simon
S
Ghirlando
Rodolfo
R
Yau
Wai-Ming
WM
Tycko
Robert
R
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008823:Micelles; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D012995:Solubility; D013816:Thermodynamics; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008823:Micelles; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D010743:Phospholipids; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C051388:1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; C017251:1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine