title: Curcumin induces apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells through ER stress and caspase cascade- and mitochondria-dependent pathways.
abstract: It has been reported that curcumin inhibited various types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, mechanisms of curcumin-inhibited cell growth and -induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) still remain unclear. In this study, NCI-H460 cells were treated with curcumin to determine its anticancer activity. Different concentrations of curcumin were used for different durations in NCI-H460 cells and the subsequent changes in the cell morphology, viability, cell cycle, mRNA and protein expressions were determined. Curcumin induced apoptotic morphologic changes in NCI-H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After curcumin treatment, BAX and BAD were up-regulated, BCL-2, BCL-X(L) and XIAP were down-regulated. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca(2+) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were increased in NCI-H460 cells after exposure to curcumin. These signals led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)) and culminated in caspase-3 activation. Curcumin-induced apoptosis was also stimulated through the FAS/caspase-8 (extrinsic) pathway and ER stress proteins, growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were activated in the NCI-H460 cells. Apoptotic cell death induced by curcumin was significantly reversed by pretreatment with ROS scavenger or caspase-8 inhibitor. Furthermore, the NCI-H460 cells tended to be arrested at the G(2)/M cell cycle stage after curcumin treatment and down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) may be involved. In summary, curcumin exerts its anticancer effects on lung cancer NCI-H460 cells through apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shin-Hwar
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Liang-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.forename: Jai-Sing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jo-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chi-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jiun-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tung-Yuan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yang-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020169:Caspases; D003474:Curcumin; D002118:Calcium