title: Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by extracts of Hemidesmus indicus and Acorus calamus.
abstract: Administration of commonly used anticancer drug cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)] at pharmacologically relevant concentrations (12 mg/kg body weight) resulted in severe renal toxicity as evidenced from histopathological observations and biochemical alterations in the renal tissue. The extracts of medicinal plants Hemidesmus indicus L. (Apocynaceae) and Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) protected the renal tissue effectively from cisplatin-induced toxicity. Treatment of cisplatin-administered animals with the plant extracts could prevent the drug-induced oxidative damage in the renal tissue as evidenced from the decreased levels of lipid peroxidation and enhanced activities of the antioxidants in the renal tissue. Cisplatin treatment increased serum urea level to 41.3 +/- 2.86 mg/dL and administration of the extracts of H. indicus and A. calamus brought down the level to 34.54 +/- 0.37 and 30.12 +/- 0.95 mg/dL, respectively. Serum creatinine levels were increased to 1.1 +/- 0.02 mg/dL following cisplatin administration, and treatment with extracts of H. indicus and A. calamus brought this down to 0.76 +/- 0.09 and 0.61 +/- 0.06 mg/dL, respectively. The histopathological observations indicated that treatment with the H. indicus and A. calamus extracts restored the cisplatin-induced structural alterations in the renal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Amala Cancer Research Center, Trichur 680555, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Divysree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandeep
authors.forename: Cherupally Krishnan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Krishnan Nair
mesh_terms: D029023:Acorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D031102:Hemidesmus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D051379:Mice; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione; D002945:Cisplatin