title: Role of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms in a murine model of acute lung injury and sepsis.
abstract: Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS) with subsequent formation of peroxynitrite and poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) is critically implemented in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury and sepsis. To elucidate the roles of different isoforms of NOS, we tested the effects of non-selective NOS inhibition and neuronal NOS (nNOS)- and inducible NOS (iNOS)-gene deficiency on the pulmonary oxidative and nitrosative stress reaction in a murine sepsis model. The injury was induced by four sets of cotton smoke using an inhalation chamber and subsequent intranasal administration of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.2x10(7) colony-forming units). In wild type mice, the injury was associated with excessive releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma, enhanced neutrophil accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation, and excessive formation of reactive nitrogen species and vascular endothelial growth factor in the lung. Both nNOS- and iNOS-gene deficiency led to significantly reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in the lung, but failed to significantly improve survival. Treatment with a non-selective NOS inhibitor failed to reduce the oxidative and nitrosative stress reaction to the same extent and even tended to increase mortality. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that both nNOS and iNOS are partially responsible for the pulmonary oxidative and nitrosative stress reaction in this model. Future studies should investigate the effects of specific pharmacological inhibition of nNOS and iNOS at different time points during the disease process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, The University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77550, USA. lanm@gmx.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Traber
authors.forename: Atsumori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamahata
authors.forename: Aimalohi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esechie
authors.forename: Collette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonkam
authors.forename: Kamna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Lillian D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Traber
authors.forename: Perenlei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enkhbaatar
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse