title: Risky alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking among Spanish University students: a two-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of risky consumption (RC) and heavy episodic drinking (HED) in the Cohort of Spanish university students at two-year follow-up and to identify predictors of these patterns of alcohol consumption and the association between these patterns and academic achievement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cohort study. Alcohol consumption was measured with the AUDIT. The following variables were collected by questionnaire: place of residence, parents' education, alcohol consumption in the family, age of onset of use, alcohol expectancies, and the academic achievement. We constructed logistic regression models using three dependent variables: RC, HED, and academic achievement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate at two-year follow-up was 64.1%. The incidence of RC and HED at two-year follow-up were 24.92% and 4.01% respectively. The prevalence of RC rose from 37.1% to 54.6%. On the contrary, HED dropped from 12.2% to 8.7%. In relation to incidence of RC, being male (OR=2.77), medium (OR=1.59) or high expectancies (OR=2.24), and early age of onset of use (OR=2.26) constituted risk factors. In contrast, living with parents constituted a protective factor (OR=0.48). For HED, being male (OR=1.92) and high expectancies (OR=2.96) were risk factors. RC and HED were risk factors for low academic achievement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HED is a pattern of alcohol consumption mainly associated with adolescence, while RC is associated with youth. Both patterns are predictors of academic achievement. Public Health strategies should focus on modifying expectancies and limit access to alcohol at young ages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. nayaragraciella.mota@usc.es
authors.forename: Nayara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Gil
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corral
authors.forename: Socorro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Holguín
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parada
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crego
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caamaño-Isorna
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cadaveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013030:Spain; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors; D014495:Universities