title: Radiotherapy in localized bladder cancer: what is the evidence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bladder-sparing bladder treatments have recently been rejuvenated with the introduction of concomitant chemotherapy usually as part of multimodality therapy including endoscopic resection and radiotherapy. This article reviews recent evidence for the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of localized bladder cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several single institution series of multimodality radiochemotherapy have shown consistently fair disease-specific survival and local control in those who show a complete response after endoscopic resection. Developments in radiotherapy fractionation, adaptive planning and chemotherapy delivery are clearly in progress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Much of the evidence is retrospective and involves treating locally advanced poor-risk patients. It would seem right to attempt to prospectively evaluate these treatments for truly localized (T1/2) bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Harrogate District Hospital, Harrogate, Yorkshire, UK.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotwal
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munro
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004724:Endoscopy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery