title: Preference for formulations containing calcium and vitamin D(3) in childhood: a randomized-sequence, open-label trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children who experience adverse reactions to cow's milk or who have diseases predisposing them to low bone mass are often prescribed a supplementation of calcium and vitamin D(3), but adherence can be poor. Age-specific preferences for different formulations may exist and at least partially explain poor compliance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the preference of Swiss children at risk for low bone mass for either a single-serving sachet or a suspension containing calcium and vitamin D(3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different commercial formulations containing calcium and vitamin D(3), either as a lemon-flavored single-serving sachet or as a banana-flavored commercial suspension, were tested for preference by means of a 5-point facial hedonic scale in children aged 4 to 7 and 8 to 11 years. A concealed random allocation procedure was used. The investigator asking about preference was blinded to the sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 Swiss children (13 boys and 7 girls aged 4-7 years; 11 boys and 9 girls aged 811 years) were assessed in this study. Low bone mass risks included adverse reactions to cow's milk (n = 25); cerebral palsy (4), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (4), cystic fibrosis (3), inflammatory bowel diseases (2), anorexia nervosa (1), and osteogenesis imperfecta (1). Two children (10%) aged 4 to 7 years were not able to express their preference. Twelve of the remaining 18 children (67%) aged 4 to 7 years preferred the suspension, 5 (28%) did not express a clear preference, and 1 (5%) preferred the sachet (P < 0.002). In children aged 8 to 11 years, 15 (75%) preferred the sachet, 4 (20%) did not express a clear preference, and 1 (5%) preferred the suspension (P < 0.001). The results were not significantly different between boys and girls or between children initially presented the suspension and those initially presented the sachet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small study, significantly more Swiss children aged 4 to 7 years who were prescribed a supplementation of calcium and vitamin D(3) preferred a banana-flavored suspension compared with those who preferred a lemon-flavored single-serving sachet. However, significantly more children aged 8 to 11 years prescribed the same supplementation preferred the single-serving sachet compared with the suspension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bellinzona and Mendrisio Hospitals, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessandra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: Sebastiano A G
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lava
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bettinelli
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Giacomo D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002648:Child; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057240:Patient Preference; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002118:Calcium