title: Who evacuates when hurricanes approach? The role of risk, information, and location.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article offers an expanded perspective on evacuation decision making during severe weather. In particular, this work focuses on uncovering determinants of individual evacuation decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We draw on a survey conducted in 2005 of residents in the eight-county Houston metropolitan area after Hurricane Rita made landfall on September 24, 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that evacuation decisions are influenced by a heterogeneous set of parameters, including perceived risk from wind, influence of media and neighbors, and awareness of evacuation zone, that are often at variance with one of the primary measures of risk used by public officials to order or recommend an evacuation (i.e., storm surge). We further find that perceived risk and its influence on evacuation behavior is a local phenomenon more readily communicated by and among individuals who share the same geography, as is the case with residents living inside and outside official risk areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Who evacuates and why is partially dependent on where one lives because perceptions of risk are not uniformly shared across the area threatened by an approaching hurricane and the same sources and content of information do not have the same effect on evacuation behavior. Hence, efforts to persuade residential populations about risk and when, where, and how to evacuate or shelter in place should originate in the neighborhood rather than emanating from blanket statements from the media or public officials. Our findings also raise important policy questions (included in the discussion section) that require further study and consideration by those responsible with organizing and implementing evacuation plans.
authors.affiliation: Rice University.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dueñas-Osorio
authors.forename: Devika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subramanian
mesh_terms: D055867:Cyclonic Storms / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D003657:Decision Making; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D044382:Population Groups / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D011640:Public Policy / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012919:Social Behavior; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000208:ethnology