title: Probiotic Bio-Three induces Th1 and anti-inflammatory effects in PBMC and dendritic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) that were stimulated by probiotic preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs were isolated, cultured, and stimulated with Bio-Three (a mixture of Bacillus mesentericus, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis; 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) CFU/mL for 24 h). Cytokine production of (1) circulating PBMCs; (2) PBMCs stimulated by probiotic preparation; (3) monocyte-derived DCs; and (4) DC and T cell co-culture was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phenotypic analysis of circulating PBMCs was also investigated by flow cytometry. Blood was obtained from individuals who consumed Bio-Three (10(9) CFU/d B. mesentericus, C. butyricum and E. faecalis) for 2 wk, or those who did not take probiotics orally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In culture supernatants, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-10 production increased, but IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by PBMCs decreased after 1 and 2 wk of probiotic treatment. Flow cytometry was also performed on day 14 and detected enhanced expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, CD4, CD45RA, CD25, CD44 and CD69 in response to Bio-Three. Furthermore, IL-10 and IL-12 were upregulated in supernatants of monocyte-derived DCs, and IFN-gamma and IL-10 were enhanced in supernatants of CD4(+) T cells co-cultured with DCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bio-Three appeared to stimulate the Th1 immune response, downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) and upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Probiotics could be effective in activation of PBMCs and DCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Man-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Tzou-Yien
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Man-Shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Hung-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chien-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000502:physiology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D046972:Clostridium butyricum / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000502:physiology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma