title: Diffusion tensor imaging and decision making in cocaine dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic stimulant abuse is associated with both impairment in decision making and structural abnormalities in brain gray and white matter. Recent data suggest these structural abnormalities may be related to functional impairment in important behavioral processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 15 cocaine-dependent and 18 control subjects, we examined relationships between decision-making performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and white matter integrity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Whole brain voxelwise analyses showed that, relative to controls, the cocaine group had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean of the second and third eigenvalues (lambda perpendicular) in frontal and parietal white matter regions and the corpus callosum. Cocaine subjects showed worse performance on the IGT, notably over the last 40 trials. Importantly, FA and lambda perpendicular values in these regions showed a significant relationship with IGT performance on the last 40 trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compromised white matter integrity in cocaine dependence may be related to functional impairments in decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America. scott.d.lane@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Liangsuo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Khader M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zuniga
authors.forename: Ponnada A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Narayana
authors.forename: Frederick Gerard
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Moeller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male