title: Displacement of submacular hemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration using vitrectomy and submacular tPA injection followed by intravitreal ranibizumab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate retrospectively the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), treated by vitrectomy, submacular tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection and pneumatic displacement of SMH with air followed by postoperative intravitreal ranibizumab (RZB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with SMH and nAMD had 25-guage vitrectomy and subretinal tPA (12.5 micrograms/0.1 mL) with fluid/air exchange. Intravitreal RZB was administered postoperatively to patients eligible for National Health Service (NHS) funded treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total of 16 patients, 11 (68.7%) had complete displacement of SMH. The remaining five had residual SMH, mainly subretinal pigment epithelium in location. Three of the four patients who previously had a failed expansile gas pneumatic displacement were successfully displaced with vitrectomy surgery. At presentation 5/16 (31.3%) patients were eligible for NHS funded intravitreal RZB. This increased to 12 patients after the vitrectomy procedure (75.0%). At 6 months postoperatively all improved by >/=1 line. Ten of the 16 patients (63%) improved by >/=2 lines, with 10 of the 12 patients (83%) treated with RZB improving by >/=2 lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitrectomy/subretinal tPA/air to displace SMH followed by intravitreal RZB injection can stabilize/improve vision in patients with nAMD. This technique displaces hemorrhage not displaced by attempted expansile gas techniques.
authors.affiliation: Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sukhpal Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manvikar
authors.forename: David Henry William
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Steel