title: Predictive value of the 1-min Apgar score for survival at 23-26 weeks gestational age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is a 1-min Apgar score ≤1 predictive of mortality in resuscitated extremely premature infants?
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control review of all infants with gestational ages < 27 weeks over a 5-year period. All values as median [75% CI].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 237 infants, 29 had 1-min Apgar scores ≤1 (Group 1) and 208 had scores >1 (Group 2). Despite earlier and more frequent intubation (2 min [2.3; 6.7] vs. 5 min [7.5; 10] and 93% vs. 77%, p = 0.04), mortality was higher in Group 1 (62% vs. 17%; p < 0.0001). Age at death did not differ (Group 1: 3.5days [1; 30] vs. Group 2: 6 days [6; 44]). Birth weight and sex were the best predictors of survival. With a 1-min Apgar score of 1, a male infant at 23 weeks and 500g had a mortality rate of 92%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite successful resuscitation, infants between 23 and 26 weeks have a very poor prognosis for survival when presenting with bradycardia, cyanosis and no respiratory efforts (1-min Apgar = 1) at birth. According to our data, initiating active treatment for an infant at 23 weeks with bradycardia and apnoea is almost always unsuccessful, whereas by 26 weeks gestation, the chance of survival is higher than the probability of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Children's Hospital, University of Munich, IS, Munich, Germany. genzel@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Genzel-Boroviczény
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hempelman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zoppelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis