Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by the ethyl acetate fraction of Kalopanax pictus leaves in human colon cancer cells.
Kalopanax pictus is a deciduous tree used in traditional medicine; its leaves are also consumed as a vegetable. In this study, the ethyl acetate fraction of K. pictus leaves (EFK) was tested in vitro for anticancer activity against four cell lines: human colon cancer (HT-29) cells, human stomach cancer (NCI-N87) cells, human breast cancer (MDA-MB231) cells, and mouse melanoma (B16F1) cells. Results indicated that EFK showed the most potent tumor selective growth inhibitory activity against HT-29 cells with less cytotoxic effect on normal cell lines. Cytotoxicity of EFK on HT-29 cells was associated mainly with cell chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry with appearance of G2/M phase arrest. Cell death induced by EFK displayed features characteristic of apoptosis, and was associated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These findings suggest that K. pictus leaves have anticancer properties and may be valuable for application in pharmaceutical industry.
Hu
Weicheng
W
Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, South Korea.
Lee
Seok Ki
SK
Jung
Mee Jung
MJ
Heo
Seong-Il
SI
Hur
Jang Hyun
JH
Wang
Myeong-Hyeon
MH
D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D036882:Kalopanax / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000085:Acetates; D017304:Annexin A5; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C007650:ethyl acetate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate