title: [Emotional and behavioral comorbidities and the impact on the quality of life in epilepsy children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the rate of comorbidities of depression, anxiety disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with epilepsy and to analyze the relevant affecting factors and impacts on quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 142 children with various types of epilepsy underwent neuropsychological assessment with the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, an 18-item parent-rated questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, the quality of life was measured in 100 cases on antiepileptic medications by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). The comorbidity rates were calculated using t-test, chi(2) test and multiple logistic analysis, the variables associated with psychiatric comorbidities were determined, and the impact on quality of life was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The total rate of emotional and behavioral comorbidities was 57.7% (82/142), the frequency of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was 14.8%, 44.4% and 17.6%, respectively. The suicidal ideation occasionally occurred in 5.6% of the cases and 0.7% of cases often had the ideation, but no suicidal action was found in any case. (2) Risk factors for the emotional and behavioral disorders: multiple logistic analysis indicated that age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables were not relative to the comorbidities, P > 0.05, there were interactions among the disorders. (3) The impact on the quality of life: The emotional and behavioral conditions were associated with the low quality of life, which was significantly lower in epileptic children with co-morbid disorder compared to non-comorbidities epilepsy group. Especially negative impact on the total score of quality of life and four sub-items such as overall quality, emotional well-being, cognitive and social function, P < 0.001. There were also significant differences between the two groups in the other three sub-items including fear for seizure attack, energy/fatigue and medication effects (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of emotional and behavioral disorders including depress disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was considerably high in children with epilepsy. Age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables are not associated with the emotional and behavioral comorbidities, which interfere with each other. Emotional and behavioral disorder is one of the negative factors to the quality of life in epileptic patients. Neuropsychological assessment and treatment are important for improvement of the quality of life in children with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiu-xian
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ning-xiu
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Gui-zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Er-zhen
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ke-ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004644:Emotions; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires