title: A protein-based smallpox vaccine protects non-human primates from a lethal monkeypox virus challenge.
abstract: Concerns about infections caused by orthopoxviruses, such as variola and monkeypox viruses, drive ongoing efforts to develop novel smallpox vaccines that are both effective and safe to use in diverse populations. A subunit smallpox vaccine comprising vaccinia virus membrane proteins A33, B5, L1, A27 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) ± CpG was administered to non-human primates, which were subsequently challenged with a lethal intravenous dose of monkeypox virus. Alum adjuvanted vaccines provided only partial protection but the addition of CpG provided full protection that was associated with a more homogeneous antibody response and stronger IgG1 responses. These results indicate that it is feasible to develop a highly effective subunit vaccine against orthopoxvirus infections as a safer alternative to live vaccinia virus vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Chesapeake-PERL, Inc., Savage, MD, USA.
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Richardson-Harman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silvera
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: DeTolla
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Roselyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Stuart N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Isaacs
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008993:Monkeypox virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide