title: Intravenous fluid regimen and hyponatraemia among children: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three different intravenous (i.v.) fluid regimes on the incidence of hyponatraemia in hospitalized children ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years. Children who required the administration of i.v. maintenance fluid for at least 24 h following hospitalization were eligible for inclusion. The children were randomized to three i.v. fluid groups: Group A, 0.9% saline in 5% dextrose at the standard maintenance rate; Group B, 0.18% saline in 5% dextrose at the standard maintenance rate; Group C, 0.18% saline in 5% dextrose at two-thirds of the standard maintenance rate. The primary outcome measure was incidence of hyponatraemia (plasma sodium < 130 mEq/L). Of the 167 patients enrolled, 58, 56 and 53 patients were randomized to Group A, B and C, respectively. We observed that 14.3% (8/56) of the children administered 0.18% saline in 5% dextrose at the standard maintenance rate (Group B) developed hyponatraemia compared with 1.72% of the children in Group A and 3.8% of those in Group C. Based on these results, we conclude that the administration of 0.9% saline in 5% dextrose as i.v. maintenance fluid helps in reducing the incidence of hospital-acquired hyponatraemia among children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: Lakshminarayanan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lodha
authors.forename: Subbiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vivekanandhan
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagga
authors.forename: Sushil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kabra
authors.forename: Madhulika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabra
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose