title: Early menopause predicts angina after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Population studies have shown that age at menopause (AAM) predicts coronary heart disease. It is unknown, however, whether early menopause predicts post-myocardial infarction (MI) angina. We examined whether younger AAM increases risk of post-MI angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective multicenter MI registry, 493 postmenopausal women were enrolled (mean +/- SD age, 65.4 +/- 11.3 y, and mean +/- SD AAM, 45.2 ± 7.8 y). We categorized AAM into 40 years or younger, 41 to 49 years, and 50 years or older. In the multivariable analysis, we examined whether AAM predicted 1-year post-MI angina and severity of angina after adjusting for angina before MI, demographics, comorbidities, MI severity, and quality of care (QOC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with early AAM (> or =40 y; n = 132, 26.8%) were younger and more often smokers but were as likely to have comorbidities as were women with an AAM of 50 years or older. Although there were no differences in pre-MI angina, MI severity, obstructive coronary disease, and QOC based on AAM, the rate of 1-year angina was higher in women with an AAM of 40 years or younger (32.4%) than in women with an AAM of 50 years or older (12.2%). In the multivariable analysis, women with an AAM of 40 years or younger had more than twice the risk of angina (relative risk, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38-3.17) and a higher severity of angina (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.34-5.22 for a higher severity level) compared with women with an AAM of 50 years or older.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with early menopause are at higher risk of angina after MI, independent of comorbidities, severity of MI, and QOC. The use of a simple question regarding AAM may help in the identification of women who need closer follow-up, careful evaluation, and intervention to improve their symptoms and quality of life after MI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA. susmita.parashar@emory.edu
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spertus
authors.forename: Leslee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report