title: Nanoimaging and neurological surgery.
abstract: Over 32 million surgical procedures are performed in the United States each year. Increasingly, image guidance is used in order to aid in the surgical localization of pathology, minimization of incisions, and improvement of surgical intervention outcomes. A variety of imaging modalities using different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are used in neurological surgery. These include wavelengths used in ultrasonography, optical, infrared, ionizing radiation, and magnetic resonance. The use of currently available image-guidance tools for neurological surgery is reviewed. Advances in nanoparticulates and their integration into the neurosurgical operating room environment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
authors.forename: Ion Dan
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Grosu
authors.forename: Madalina Alexandra
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Toms
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Toms
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media