[Specific diagnosis and follow-up of HIV-1 group O infection: RES-O data].
BACKGROUND
HIV-1 group O (HIV-O), mainly found in Cameroon, has a very high genetic diversity with consequences on the diagnosis and treatment of patients, requiring the development of specific tools.


OBJECTIVE
We present the currently available tools for the specific detection of HIV-O and its therapeutic monitoring, and the first RES-O data, a French network for the identification and monitoring of patients infected by HIV-O.


METHODS
The diagnosis of infection was confirmed by group-specific envelope serotyping. The viral load was assessed by a specific technique, LTR-O, developed in the laboratory and compared to the nonspecific kit RealTime HIV-1 (Abbott). The sequencing of antiretroviral target regions (Protease, Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase and Gp41), was performed by specific primers. The analysis of resistance mutations was performed with the ANRS algorithm used for HIV-M.


RESULTS
HIV-O infection was confirmed for 117 patients. Measuring viral load showed the two techniques were equivalent, but with a tendency to under-quantification for the Abbott technique greater than 1 log for 5% of samples. 70 to 100% of the studied strains had at least 10 mutations in the Protease, four 4 in the RT, and one in Gp41, resulting in a natural genotypic resistance to some anti-retroviral molecules.


CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis and monitoring of HIV-O infection is now possible. However, the impact of this variant's natural polymorphism on response to treatment remains undocumented.
Depatureaux
A
A
Laboratoire associé au CNR du VIH, EA 2656, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 76031 Rouen, France.
Leoz
M
M
De Oliveira
F
F
Gueudin
M
M
Damond
F
F
Descamps
D
D
Brun-Vézinet
F
F
Lemée
V
V
Simon
F
F
Barin
F
F
Plantier
J-C
JC
D000354:Africa, Western / Q000208:ethnology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003199:Computer Systems; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015752:Genes, env; D015751:Genes, pol; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D012703:Serotyping
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; C514787:gp41 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D019427:HIV Integrase; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514801:p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1