title: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after venous thermoablation techniques: rates of endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) and classical DVT after radiofrequency and endovenous laser ablation in a single centre.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after varicose vein surgery is well recognised. Less well documented is endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT), thrombus extension into a deep vein after superficial venous thermoablation. We examined the rates of DVT in our unit after radiofrequency (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with specific attention to thrombus type.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of all cases of RFA under general anaesthesia and EVLA under local anaesthesia was performed. Cases of DVT were identified from the unit database and analysed for procedural details.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 2470 cases of RFA and 350 of EVLA were performed. Post-RFA, DVT was identified in 17 limbs (0.7%); 4 were EHIT (0.2%). Concomitant small saphenous vein (SSV) ligation and stripping was a risk factor for calf-DVT (OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.2-9.7, P=0.036), possibly due to an older patient group with more severe disease. Post-EVLA, 4 DVTs were identified (1%), of which 3 were EHIT (0.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DVT rate including EHIT was similar in patients treated with RFA and EVLA and was low. Routine post-operative duplex ultrasound scanning is recommended until the significance of EHIT is better understood, in accordance with consensus guidelines. DVT rates for both techniques compare favourably with those published for saphenous vein stripping.
authors.affiliation: The Whiteley Clinic, 1 Stirling House, Stirling Road, Guildford GU2 7RF, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holdstock
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Whiteley
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*