title: The role of B cells in regulating the magnitude of immune response.
abstract: Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that B cell depletion therapy with rituximab is effective not only in autoantibody-associated, but also in T cell-mediated, autoimmune diseases. It is likely that B cells play an important role in regulating the extent of immune response in both physiological and pathological conditions. When a severe infection occurs, pathogens spread throughout the bloodstream. B cells in the blood capture the pathogens, via their specific antigen receptors (surface immunoglobulins), then present the specific antigen to T cells in the spleen, thus increasing the degree of T-cell immune responses to systemic infection. Similarly, in the exacerbation stage of autoimmunity, a large amount of autoantigens may be released into the blood and be captured by autoantigen specific B cells, and this may be followed by presentation of the antigen to CD4 positive autoreactive T cells resulting in extensive activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells. Thus, it has been suggested that B-cell depletion therapy for autoimmune diseases is most useful for the "vicious cycle" phase of autoreactive immune response. The recognition of this paradigm for the role of B cells in regulating the magnitude of immune response will help to facilitate both basic and clinical research on the regulation of immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. nagafuchi@shs.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Seiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagafuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*