title: Quercetin and ferulic acid aggravate renal carcinoma in long-term diabetic victims.
abstract: Many phytoantioxidants have therapeutic drawbacks due to their potent prooxidant bioactivity. It is hypothesized that phytoantioxidants (PAO) are beneficial only to the early-stage diabetes mellitus (DM) and will become ineffective once renopathy occurs. Gallic acid, rutin, EGCG, ferulic acid (FA), and quercetin were tried on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rat model for a 28 week experimental period. All of these PAO were shown to be ineffective for hypoglycemic action. The incidence of cataract (50%), injured glomerules, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was very common, among which the most severely affected involved the quercetin- and the FA-treated groups. The tumorigenicity of ferulic acid is still unclear. However, for quercetin, this can be attributted to (i) the prooxidant effect, (ii) the insulin-secretagogue bioactivity, and (iii) the competitive and noncompetitive inhibition on the O-methyltransferase to enhance the estradiol-induced tumorigenesis. Conclusively, quercetin and FA are able to aggravate, if not induce, nephrocarcinoma. It is time to reevaluate the tumorigenic detrimental effect of PAO, especially those exhibiting prooxidant bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De Road, Changhua, Taiwan 500.
authors.forename: Chiu-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chiung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yaw-Bee
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ker
authors.forename: Chi-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuan-Chou
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011794:Quercetin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D013311:Streptozocin; D011794:Quercetin; C004999:ferulic acid