title: Growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded levels of charcoal from maize cob or seed of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.
abstract: Growth performances and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded levels of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl seed (charcoal A) or maize cob (charcoal B) were studied using a total of 110 3-week-old male chicks. 11 experimental diets including a control and other containing either 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1% charcoal from C. schweinfurthii Engl seed (A(0.2), A(0.4), A(0.6), A(0.8), and A(1%), respectively) or from maize cob (B(0.2), B(0.4), B(0.6), B(0.8), and B(1%), respectively) supplements were used. Each of the diets was fed to ten individually birds caged in a completely randomized design. Results indicated that birds fed 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of either charcoal A or B had significantly (P < 0.05) higher final body weights as compared to control birds, while, above 0.6% slightly depressed average final body weights and weight gain. The best growth performance was achieved with 0.2% inclusion of charcoals. There was no significant (P > 0.05) influence of charcoal B on the overall feed intake. Only the B(0.6) feed significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed conversion ratio as compared with the control. Dressing percentage, liver weight and abdominal fat were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by charcoal. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in gizzard weight with charcoal B. Charcoal had no significant (P > 0.05) influence on intestine length and weight. More than 0.6% of charcoal A significantly (P < 0.05) depressed intestine density. It was concluded that under the conditions of this study, charcoal from maize cob or Canarium seeds could be used to improve growth performances and some carcass traits in broiler chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Productions, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 70, Dschang, Cameroon. kanajean@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Jean Raphael
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kana
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teguia
authors.forename: Berrian Musa
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mungfu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tchoumboue
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D029403:Burseraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002163:Cameroon; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal