The ESCRT complexes.
The ESCRT machinery consists of the peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III, and Vps4-Vta1, and the ALIX homodimer. The ESCRT system is required for degradation of unneeded or dangerous plasma membrane proteins; biogenesis of the lysosome and the yeast vacuole; the budding of most membrane enveloped viruses; the membrane abscission step in cytokinesis; macroautophagy; and several other processes. From their initial discovery in 2001-2002, the literature on ESCRTs has grown exponentially. This review will describe the structure and function of the six complexes noted above and summarize current knowledge of their mechanistic roles in cellular pathways and in disease.
Hurley
James H
JH
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. hurley@helix.nih.gov
D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000502:physiology; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000378:metabolism*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000502:physiology*; D057074:Virus Release; D015003:Yeasts
D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D025801:Ubiquitin