Antibiotic resistance in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates identified in Scotland between 1999 and 2007.
Data from 4727 invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae submitted to the Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory between 1999 and 2007 were analysed to establish susceptibility profiles to penicillin, erythromycin and cefotaxime. Pneumococcal resistance to penicillin over the study period remained low, with only 0.2 % (n=7/4727) of isolates falling into this category (MIC ≥2 mg l(-1)). These isolates have been sporadic, and have mainly represented serogroup 14 (ST9) and 9 (ST156). In comparison, the 'intermediate sensitivity' group (MIC 0.12-1 mg l(-1)) ranged between 2 and 6 % per year, the majority from serogroup 9 (ST156). Over the study period, we found that 12 % (n=585/4727) of isolates were erythromycin-resistant (MIC >0.5 mg l(-1)), with the majority (n=467; 80 %) of these isolates identified as serogroup 14 (ST9). Cephalosporin resistance (cefotaxime MIC >1 mg l(-1)) was found in only 0.06 % (n=2/3135) of isolates. Internationally recognized clones (Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network) accounted for 35 % (n=28/81) of the penicillin non-susceptible isolates and 75 % (n=248/330) of the macrolide-resistant isolates, with ST9 and ST306 predominating. Between 1999 and 2007 we found that 11.6 % (n=18/155) of the penicillin non-susceptible isolates and 4.8 % (n=28/585) of the macrolide-resistant isolates were from serogroups not covered by the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in use in the UK since 2006. Susceptibility to first-line antimicrobial agents for invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland remained high over the period 1999-2007.
Cooke
Benjamin
B
Microbiology Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
Smith
Andrew
A
Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Diggle
Mathew
M
Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Lamb
Karen
K
Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Robertson
Christopher
C
Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Inverarity
Donald
D
Department of Microbiology, Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK.
Jefferies
Johanna
J
Molecular Microbiology Group, Division of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
Edwards
Giles
G
Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Mitchell
Timothy
T
Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Clarke
Stuart
S
Molecular Microbiology Group, Division of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
McMenamin
Jim
J
Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012606:Scotland; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents