title: Participation of older patients with prostate cancer in Medicare eligible trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  On June 7, 2000 President Clinton issued an executive memorandum directing Medicare payment for routine patient care in qualifying clinical trials. We estimated the proportion of older patients with prostate cancer who were examined as part of a qualifying clinical trial, and the association between participation and patient characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an observational study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare database to determine participation in qualifying clinical trials in a sample of 37,216 men 66 years old or older who were enrolled in Medicare and diagnosed with prostate cancer between September 2000 and December 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 3 years of diagnosis 211 men (0.567%) received routine patient care in a qualifying clinical trial. These participants were more likely to be younger than 70 years (OR 1.687, 95% CI 1.27-2.24) and less likely to be less educated and reside in low income, metropolitan neighborhoods. White men were more likely to participate in clinical trials than nonwhite men but this association was not statistically significant (OR 1.426, CI 0.97-2.09). Participation varied significantly by registry site (0% to 1.2%) but not by tumor grade or stage, or prostate specific antigen status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few older patients with prostate cancer participated in qualifying trials between 2000 and 2002. Those who participated were not representative of the general population of older patients with prostate cancer. Greater efforts are required to expand trial enrollment and decrease disparities in research participation.
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612-9416, USA. benjamin.craig@moffitt.org
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Jill Boylston
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Gwendolyn P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States