title: Midkine expression in malignant salivary gland tumors and its role in tumor angiogenesis.
abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate midkine (MK) expression patterns in salivary gland tumors (SGTs) and to evaluate the correlation between MK expression and the degree of malignancy. We performed immunohistochemistry to examine MK expression in specimens of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry for CD31 and measured microvessel density (MVD), which is an indicator of angiogenesis. Immunohistochemistry showed that MK protein expression was significantly higher in specimens of malignant SGTs (ACC [P<0.01] and MEC [P<0.001]) than in benign SGT (PA) samples. Furthermore, MVD values tended to be higher in cases that exhibited high expression of MK, which indicated a significant correlation between the degree of MK expression and MVD (P<0.001). These results suggest that MK may play important roles in malignant transformation and tumor angiogenesis in SGTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jono
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinriki
authors.forename: Takanao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sueyoshi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018277:Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078792:Midkine; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000078792:Midkine