title: HDL cholesterol and residual risk of first cardiovascular events after treatment with potent statin therapy: an analysis from the JUPITER trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HDL-cholesterol concentrations are inversely associated with occurrence of cardiovascular events. We addressed, using the JUPITER trial cohort, whether this association remains when LDL-cholesterol concentrations are reduced to the very low ranges with high-dose statin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the randomised placebo-controlled JUPITER trial were adults without diabetes or previous cardiovascular disease, and had baseline concentrations of LDL cholesterol of less than 3.37 mmol/L and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein of 2 mg/L or more. Participants were randomly allocated by a computer-generated sequence to receive rosuvastatin 20 mg per day or placebo, with participants and adjudicators masked to treatment assignment. In the present analysis, we divided the participants into quartiles of HDL-cholesterol or apolipoprotein A1 and sought evidence of association between these quartiles and the JUPITER primary endpoint of first non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina, arterial revascularisation, or cardiovascular death. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00239681.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 17,802 patients in the JUPITER trial, rosuvastatin 20 mg per day reduced the incidence of the primary endpoint by 44% (p<0.0001). In 8901 (50%) patients given placebo (who had a median on-treatment LDL-cholesterol concentration of 2.80 mmol/L [IQR 2.43-3.24]), HDL-cholesterol concentrations were inversely related to vascular risk both at baseline (top quartile vs bottom quartile hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.83, p=0.0039) and on-treatment (0.55, 0.35-0.87, p=0.0047). By contrast, among the 8900 (50%) patients given rosuvastatin 20 mg (who had a median on-treatment LDL-cholesterol concentration of 1.42 mmol/L [IQR 1.14-1.86]), no significant relationships were noted between quartiles of HDL-cholesterol concentration and vascular risk either at baseline (1.12, 0.62-2.03, p=0.82) or on-treatment (1.03, 0.57-1.87, p=0.97). Our analyses for apolipoprotein A1 showed an equivalent strong relation to frequency of primary outcomes in the placebo group but little association in the rosuvastatin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although measurement of HDL-cholesterol concentration is useful as part of initial cardiovascular risk assessment, HDL-cholesterol concentrations are not predictive of residual vascular risk among patients treated with potent statin therapy who attain very low concentrations of LDL cholesterol.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  AstraZeneca.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. pridker@partners.org
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Genest
authors.forename: S Matthijs
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Boekholdt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gotto
authors.forename: Børge G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Jean G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: MacFadyen
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D002097:C-Reactive Protein