title: Simultaneous indocyanine green and (99m)Tc-antimony sulfur colloid-guided laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection for gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few reports on a dual dye and isotope approach using laparoscopy in gastric cancer sentinel node mapping. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection for gastric cancer using simultaneous indocyanine green (ICG) and (99m)Tc-antimony sulfur colloid (ASC) injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients were enrolled who had been diagnosed with cT1-T2 and cN0 stage gastric cancers. They underwent laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection between June 2005 and May 2008. ICG and (99m)Tc-tin colloid (separate injections in the first phase, n = 16) or ICG and (99m)Tc-ASC (simultaneous injections in the second phase, n = 52) were injected into the submucosa endoscopically. After performing the sentinel basin dissection, laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy with curative lymphadenectomy was done. Green-stained or radioactive sentinel nodes (SNs) were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNs were identified in 62 of the 68 patients (91.2%; mean 3.3 per patient). Eighteen patients had lymph node metastases. The sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 72.2 and 100% using the dye method and 83.3 and 100% by the isotope method. However, the dual dye/isotope procedure improved both sensitivity and specificity to 100%. Patients receiving this protocol had significantly more SNs than those receiving separate ICG and (99m)Tc-tin colloid injections (3.3 vs. 1.9, P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous ICG and (99m)Tc-ASC-guided laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection is an effective tool for gastric cancer SN mapping, giving a high detection rate and excellent sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Joong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyung-Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hye Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Woo
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyuk-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Han-Kwang
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D017556:Technetium Compounds; D017971:Tin Compounds
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017556:Technetium Compounds; D017971:Tin Compounds; C033493:technetium Tc 99m tin colloid; D007208:Indocyanine Green