title: Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography in determination of temporomandibular joint internal derangement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the value of dynamic high-resolution ultrasonography (HR-US) in the evaluation of internal derangements of a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the open and closed mouth position.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study designed to collect the sample from the Outpatient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at GDC, Bangalore. Patients with pain, clicking, deviation, and tenderness were included in the study as a symptomatic group. The asymptomatic group was free of any symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum mandibular range of motion (Open and Closed) was performed during HR-US of TMJ in 100 consecutive patients, (50 symptomatic and 50 asymptomatic cases, a total of 400 joints, with 200 joints in the right and left closed and open mouth position;36 males and 64 females; age range, 16-50 years; mean age 27.56 years). Subsequently, the entire group, after clinical diagnosis, went for HR-US. Sonography confirmed the diagnosis by showing internal derangement in 34 (68%) of the symptomatic group and the remaining 16 (32%) patients failed to show any derangement. In the asymptomatic group 40 patients did not show any pathology associated with TMJ, whereas, 10 patients showed internal derangement. The data obtained was analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR-US performed during the maximal range of motion (Open and Closed) helped to detect 34 instances (68 joints) of internal derangement, which were true positive cases, whereas, 16 patients (32 joints) showed a false positive finding for internal derangement (ID). The results obtained showed a sensitivity of 64%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 84%, and a negative predictive value of 71%, with an accuracy of 76%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic HR-US being non-invasive can provide valuable information about internal derangement of the TMJ in mandibular closed mouth than open mouth position.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Bangalore Shrinivasa Ultrasound and Scanning Center, Shankarmath Road, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sujata M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Byahatti
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mubeen
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Agnihothri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult