title: Moyamoya disease is associated with endothelial activity detected by anti-nestin antibody.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the case history and new histopathological findings of a young woman suffering from moyamoya disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient underwent brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and brain angiography. Vessel samples of a. temporalis superficialis were processed by standard histopathological and immunohistochemical methods by analysis of VEGF, VEGFR and nestin expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain angiography revealed both internal carotid artery stenoses and stenoses of the anterior cerebral arteries. Stenotic parts of vessels were accompanied by coiled and elongated vessels with a picture of "smoke puffs carried away by breeze" after contrast medium application. Histological examination showed: obstruction of lumen, fibrocellular intimal thickening, tortuosity and disruption of internal elastic lamina. Imunohistochemistry confirmed a defect of the internal elastic membrane of the muscular arteria and progressive intimal thickening accompanied by abnormal smooth muscle cells and, VEGF/VEGFR expression in intima. Nestin positivity in endothelium of arteria indicated that endothelial cells are activated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the endothelium of affected vessels is nestin positive. This, together with the finding of VEGF/VEGFR expression, might suggest an active angiogenetic process We present a new conception of pathogenesis but further studies with higher number of patients are necessary to elucidate the role of these growth factors in the moyamoya disease.
authors.affiliation: Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. jana.chmelova@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chmelova
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kolar
authors.forename: Vaclav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prochazka
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curik
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorackova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sirucek
authors.forename: Otakar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hrbac
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D064231:Nestin; D011859:Radiography; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor