title: Timing of ectocranial suture activity in Pan troglodytes as related to cranial volume and dental eruption.
abstract: Research has shown that Pan and Homo have similar ectocranial suture synostosis patterns possibly because of their phylogenetic relationship. However, unlike human data, it is unclear if the ontogeny of suture activity for Pan exhibits a relationship with the expanding neurocranium or the masticatory apparatus. These relationships were assessed by examining the associations between ectocranial suture status and morphology and cranial volume (as a proxy for neurocranial expansion) and dental development (as an indicator of adulthood and proxy for masticatory influence) in a large sample of Pan troglodytes skulls. One hundred and fifty-five P. troglodytes dry skulls were examined, and data were collected on ectocranial suture closure status, cranial volume, and dental eruption status. Regression models were calculated for suture status by cranial volumes, and Kendall's tau (a nonparametric measure of association) was calculated for suture status by dental eruption status. Results suggest that suture synostosis activity in P. troglodytes exhibits a period of stasis after neurocranial expansion cessation and does not have a strong relationship with brain development (r(2) ranged from 0.09 to 0.28), as similarly seen in Homo. Instead, suture synostosis has a stronger relationship with dental development (tau ranged from 0.59 to 0.72), where most osseous activity occurs after full adult dental eruption. This suggests that masticatory forces may influence both ectocranial suture morphology and synostosis more than brain expansion does in Pan, as also similarly noted in Homo.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Craniofacial Biology Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA. james.cray@chp.edu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cray
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D014078:Tooth Eruption