title: Validation-Lessons learned from practical experience.
abstract: With regard to the problems encountered and the experience gained in validation studies conducted in the past, suggestions have been made concerning criteria for the selection of the tests and laboratories to be included in a validation study, the selection and distribution of test chemicals, and procedures for the handling, analysis and interpretation of the resulting data. In particular, tests should have been developed to the extent that detailed protocols and standard operating procedures have been produced and evaluated. The laboratories should be chosen on the basis of evidence of their appropriate experience, competence and ability to comply with good laboratory practice (GLP) requirements. The choice of test chemicals depends primarily on the goals of the validation study and on the availability of reliable in vivo toxicity data of high quality. A biostatistician should be involved in the initial design of the validation study as well as in the analysis of the resulting data. The quality of the in vivo and in vitro data must be ensured, prior to determining the reproducibility and predictivity of the alternative test.
authors.affiliation: ECVAM, JRC (Joint Research Centre), Environment Institute, 21020 Ispra (Va, Italy.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fentem
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Prinsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spielmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walum
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Botham