title: Influence of a passive sonic irrigation system on the elimination of bacteria from root canal systems: a clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present investigation evaluated the ability of a new passive sonic irrigation (sonic group) system (EndoActivator) to eliminate cultivable bacteria from root canals in vivo and compared it with that of standard syringe irrigation (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained by using bacteriologic sampling of root canals treated by endodontic residents. Sampling results from 1 session of treatment were then compared with results obtained after intervisit calcium hydroxide disinfection and a second session of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the ability of sonic group and control group to eliminate cultivable bacteria from root canals (P > .05). A second session and intervisit calcium hydroxide disinfection were able to eliminate cultivable bacteria from significantly more teeth than a single session of treatment (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vivo results strengthen the case for a multi-visit approach to the treatment of apical periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1715, USA.
authors.forename: S Kirk
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huffaker
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: Larz S W
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Spangberg
authors.forename: Blythe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation; D013594:Syringes; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide