title: Dynamic MR imaging of the biliary system using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to illustrate how the properties of hepatocyte-specific MR contrast agents can be used in the dynamic evaluation of the biliary system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of their dual route of excretion through the kidneys and the liver, gadolinium-based, hepatocyte-specific MR contrast agents can be used to evaluate the biliary tract as an off-label use. Images are obtained during the hepatocyte phase, which usually occurs within 20-40 minutes after injection depending on the specific contrast agent selected. Potential uses include showing variant biliary anatomy and choledocholithiasis. Evaluation for acute cholecystitis is possible by assessing for reflux of contrast material across the cystic duct. Additionally, these agents have value in both presurgical and postsurgical imaging for showing anatomy and complications. Finally, these agents are useful in the evaluation of choledochal cysts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. rajan.gupta@duke.edu
authors.forename: Rajan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Boll
authors.forename: Elmar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Merkle
mesh_terms: D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000473:pathology*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005682:Gadolinium; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium