title: Neuron specific metabolic adaptations following multi-day exposures to oxygen glucose deprivation.
abstract: Prior exposure to sub toxic insults can induce a powerful endogenous neuroprotective program known as ischemic preconditioning. Current models typically rely on a single stress episode to induce neuroprotection whereas the clinical reality is that patients may experience multiple transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) prior to suffering a stroke. We sought to develop a neuron-enriched preconditioning model using multiple oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) episodes to assess the endogenous protective mechanisms neurons implement at the metabolic and cellular level. We found that neurons exposed to a five minute period of glucose deprivation recovered oxygen utilization and lactate production using novel microphysiometry techniques. Using the non-toxic and energetically favorable five minute exposure, we developed a preconditioning paradigm where neurons are exposed to this brief OGD for three consecutive days. These cells experienced a 45% greater survival following an otherwise lethal event and exhibited a longer lasting window of protection in comparison to our previous in vitro preconditioning model using a single stress. As in other models, preconditioned cells exhibited mild caspase activation, an increase in oxidized proteins and a requirement for reactive oxygen species for neuroprotection. Heat shock protein 70 was upregulated during preconditioning, yet the majority of this protein was released extracellularly. We believe coupling this neuron-enriched multi-day model with microphysiometry will allow us to assess neuronal specific real-time metabolic adaptations necessary for preconditioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie L H
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zeiger
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Jeannette N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Stankowski
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cliffel
authors.forename: BethAnn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053148:Caspase 3; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen