Effects of phenytoin on Satb2 and Hoxa2 gene expressions in mouse embryonic craniofacial tissue.
Cleft lip and cleft palate are common congenital craniofacial birth defects in humans. Phenytoin (PHT) is a risk factor of cleft palate formation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which phenytoin exerts its teratogenic effects resulting in cleft palate remain unknown. The Satb2 gene mutation is associated with cleft palate. Satb2-deficient mice exhibit cleft palate deformity and an up-regulation of Hoxa2 in the fronto-nasal region. In this study, phenytoin was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant C57BL/6 mice on the 10th day of gestation. Real-time PCR results showed that the expressions of Satb2 and Hoxa2 in craniofacial tissues of mouse embryos were obviously different at different time points. The Satb2 gene was down-regulated and the Hoxa2 gene was up-regulated in phenytoin-treated mouse embryonic craniofacial tissue. We conclude that phenytoin may regulate the expression of these two genes in C57BL/6 mice and it may also be involved in the formation of cleft palate.
Mao
Xiao Yan
XY
Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
Tang
Shi Jie
SJ
D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C489833:Hoxa2 protein, mouse; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; C501473:SATB2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010672:Phenytoin