title: Enhanced local dendritic cell activity and tumor-specific immunoresponse in combined radiofrequency ablation and interleukin-2 for the treatment of human head and neck cancer in a murine orthotopic model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive tumor destruction technique and can provide the antigen source initiating tumor immunity. However, induced immune response is weak and requires additional immunotherapy for optimized RFA treatment against cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A murine orthotopic model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was established to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of an RFA + interleukin-2 (IL-2) combination adenoviral gene therapy among 6 groups. Tumor volume change, apoptosis, in situ macrophage recruitment, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, migration of dendritic cells into the regional lymph nodes, and systemic antitumor immunity were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RFA + IL-2 therapy induced the highest levels of macrophage recruitment and dendritic cell migration resulting in enhanced CTL activity, increased tumor apoptosis, enhanced systemic antitumor immunity, and the best inhibition of tumor growth among all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFA + IL-2 combination therapy generates potent tumor immunity to suppress tumor growth in HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guang
authors.forename: Bert W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2