title: Review: association between angiotensin converting enzyme G2350A polymorphism and hypertension risk: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An exonic polymorphism G2350A (rs4343) in angiotensin converting enzyme (protein: ACE; gene: ACE) was shown to exert the most significant influence on plasma ACE levels. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to investigate association of ACE G2350A polymorphism with hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published case-control studies in English were identified. A total of four studies with 1699 cases and 1274 controls were identified. A random-effects model was performed irrespective of the between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed in duplicate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with 2350G, the ACE 2350A allele conferred a protective effect on hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.18; p = .28). Similarly, comparisons of 2350AA and 2350GA with 2350GG generated a nonsignificant reduced risk, respectively. Under the dominant model, the ACE 2350A allele conferred a reduced hypertension risk and such associations were divergent between Han Chinese and Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan. Under the recessive model, this protective effect was totally reversed (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.33; p = .94). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant protective effect of ACE 2350A compared with 2350G among Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42-0.71; p < .00001). No publication biases were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the ACE 2350A allele is associated with a significantly reduced hypertension risk among Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan, yet an elevated risk among Han Chinese.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China. niuwenquan@yahoo.cn
authors.lastname: Wenquan Niu
authors.lastname: Yue Qi
authors.lastname: Pingjin Gao
authors.lastname: Dingliang Zhu
mesh_terms: D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017594:Publication Bias; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A