title: Effects of typical inducers on olfactory xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and transcription factor expression in rats.
abstract: Several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) have been identified in the olfactory mucosa (OM) of mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these enzymes have been little explored. In particular, information on the expression of the transcriptional factors in this tissue is quite limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of five typical inducers, Aroclor 1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, and ethoxyquin, on the activities and mRNA expression of several XMEs in the OM and in the liver of rats. We also evaluated the effects of these treatments on the mRNA expression of transcription factors and transporters. On the whole, the intensities of the effects were lower in the OM than in the liver. Dexamethasone was found to be the most efficient treatment in the OM. Dexamethasone induced the transcription of several olfactory phase I, II, and III genes [such as cytochromes P450 2A3 and 3A9, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2A1, and multidrug resistance-related protein type 1] and increased UGT activities. We observed that dexamethasone up-regulated sulfotransferase 1C1 expression in the OM but down-regulated it in the liver. Aroclor and ethoxyquin induced the gene expression of CYP1A and quinone reductase, respectively, in the OM. The transcription factors aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, pregnane X receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor were detected in the OM, but no constitutive androstane receptor expression was observed. Dexamethasone and Aroclor enhanced olfactory Nrf2 expression. These results demonstrate that olfactory XME can be modulated by chemicals and that the mechanisms involved in the regulation of these enzymes are tissue-specific.
authors.affiliation: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, UMR 1324 INRA, UMR 6265 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, 17 rue Sully, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thiebaud
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigoillot
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Artur
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Heydel
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Le Bon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050216:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003580:Cytochromes; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015262:Xenobiotics; C013464:cytochrome P420