title: Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for the screening of esophageal cancer in patients with primary head and neck cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although narrow-band imaging (NBI) in endoscopy can improve detection of early-stage esophageal malignancies in patients with head and neck cancers, false-positive results may be obtained in areas with nonspecific inflammatory changes. This study evaluated the feasibility of primary screening with NBI and magnification for the presence of esophageal malignancies in these cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients with documented head and neck cancers were enrolled from April 2008 to January 2009. All patients underwent a meticulous endoscopic examination of the esophagus using a conventional white-light system followed by re-examination using the NBI system and final confirmation with NBI plus magnification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients (30.4 %) were confirmed to have esophageal neoplasia. Among these 21, 16 (76.2 %) had synchronous lesions, 9 (42.9 %) were asymptomatic, and 10 (47.6 %) had early-stage neoplasia. The incidence of multiple esophageal neoplasia was 57.1 %. NBI was more effective than conventional endoscopy in detecting neoplastic lesions (35 lesions in 21 patients vs. 22 lesions in 18 patients) and was particularly effective in patients with dysplasia (13 lesions in 9 patients vs. 3 lesions in 3 patients). The sensitivity and accuracy of detection were 62.9 % and 64.4 % for conventional endoscopy, 100 % and 86.7 % for NBI alone, and 100 % and 95.6 % for NBI with high magnification, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with current approaches, NBI followed by high magnification significantly increases the accuracy of detection of esophageal neoplasia in patients with head and neck cancers. The result warrants conducting prospective randomized controlled study to confirm its efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: T Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity