title: Polymorphisms in the MTHRF, VDR, MMP-9 and IL-β genes and the risk of premature rupture of membranes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) occurs 2.5-3 times more often in premature births than in births that are full term, is accompanied by many complications for both the mother and fetus and can cause serious adverse consequences. Little is known about the genetic susceptibility of PROM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between several genotypes and PROM in a high-risk hospital-based population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases were 206 pregnant women who had PROM in labor, and the controls were 287 pregnant women who did not have PROM in labor. All subjects were selected between July 2006 and July 2007 from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jinan City. We genotyped the following genes: the MTHFR C677T, MMP-9 C1562T, VDR C352T and IL-1β C3593T genotypes. The associations between the genotypes and risk of PROM were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CC genotype at MTHFR C677T, combined with bacterial vaginosis, was associated with a significantly increased risk of PROM (odds ratio, OR: 3.55; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05-12.02). Compared to those in the stratum of 40 or more weeks of gestation, those in the stratum of 37 or less weeks of gestation had an increased risk of PROM (OR: 5.11, 95% CI: 2.0-13.05 for the TT/TC genotype of MTHFR C677T; OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.07-26.44 for the TC/TT genotype of MMP-9 C1562T, and OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 1.39-26.60 for the TT genotype of VDR C352T).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that an interaction exists between genetic and environmental factors that are related to the occurrence of PROM.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xueqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yutao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Ruiqin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Beihua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9