title: Single session to infrared low level diode laser on TNF-alpha and IL-6 cytokines release by mononuclear spleen cells in mice: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The results of low-level infrared laser (LLL) systemic action on inflammatory modulation process, specifically diminishing pro-inflammatory and producing anti-inflammatory cytokines are extremely controversial in the literature. More studies are necessary to clarify the biomodulation process. The main objective was to investigate the effect of a single session of an AsGaAl laser on spleen cells interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-alpha) release, in vivo, in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pilot study, 18 isogenic mice were distributed in three groups: control (no surgical procedure, n = 6), sham (surgical procedure with three standard cutaneous incisions, followed by abdominal muscle incision followed by suture, n = 6) and LLL (same procedure followed by a single LLL exposure 12 hours after the procedure, n = 6). The animals in the LLL group received a single infrared continuous laser session (780 nm wavelength, power of 20 mW, energy density of 10 J/cm(2)) on three points (20 seconds per point), and final energy of 0.4 J. All animals of the sham and LLL groups were sacrificed 36 hours after surgical procedure; the spleen mononuclear cells were isolated and cultivated for 48 hours. The IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured by the ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations released by the mononuclear cells showed significant differences between the control and sham group (P < 0.07). However, there were no differences between the control and LLL group and between the sham and LLL groups (P > 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single session of infrared LLL showed a tendency of decreasing the IL-6 and TNF-alpha release by mononuclear spleen cells in mice after application, although there was not a significant difference between the sham and LLL group. Conclusions regarding effectiveness of a single session procedure cannot be made due to the low statistical power of this pilot study.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil. tfukuda10@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Thiago Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Maury M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tanji
authors.forename: Julio F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.forename: Maria N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Alberto J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Hélio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Plapler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha