title: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary cancer of the bile ducts, arising from malignant transformation of the epithelial cells that line the biliary apparatus. ICC is relatively uncommon, but its incidence is on the increase. ICC is frequently discovered as an incidental, indeterminate liver mass. Surgical resection of ICC represents the only potentially curative therapeutic option. The role of routine hilar lymphadenectomy is controversial, but should be considered to optimize staging. Although adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is probably not supported by current data, each should strongly be considered in patients with lymph node metastasis or an R1 resection. For those patients with inoperable disease, locoregional therapy with transarterial chemoembolization can be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur drive, H3680, Stanford, CA 94305-5641, USA.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poultsides
authors.forename: Andrew X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Choti
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pawlik
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology