title: Mammographic features of breast cancers at single reading with computer-aided detection and at double reading in a large multicenter prospective trial of computer-aided detection: CADET II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the mammographic features of breast cancer that favor lesion detection with single reading and computer-aided detection (CAD) or with double reading.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Computer Aided Detection Evaluation Trial II study was approved by the ethics committee, and all participants provided written informed consent. A total of 31,057 women were recruited from three screening centers between September 2006 and August 2007. They were randomly allocated to the double reading group, the single reading with CAD group, or the double reading and single reading with CAD group at a ratio of 1:1:28, respectively. In this study, cancers in the women whose mammograms were read with both single reading with CAD and double reading were retrospectively reviewed. The original mammograms were obtained for each case and reviewed by two of three experienced breast radiologists in consensus. The method of detection was noted. The size and predominant mammographic feature of the cancer were recorded, as was the breast density. CAD marking data were reviewed to determine if the cancer had been correctly marked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 227 cancers were detected in 28,204 women. A total of 170 cases were recalled with both reading regimens. Lesion types were masses (66%), microcalcifications (25%), parenchymal deformities (6%), and asymmetric densities (3%). The ability of the reading regimens to correctly prompt the reader to recall cases varied significantly by lesion type (P < .001). More parenchymal deformities were recalled with double reading, whereas more asymmetric densities were recalled with single reading with CAD. There was no difference in the ability of either reading regimen to prompt the reader to correctly recall masses or microcalcifications. CAD correctly prompted 100% of microcalcifications, 87% of mass lesions, 80% of asymmetric densities, and 50% of parenchymal deformities. CAD correctly marked 93% of spiculated masses compared with 80% of ill-defined masses (P = .054). There was a significant trend for cancers detected with double reading to occur only in women with a denser mammographic background pattern (P = .02). Size had no effect on lesion detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Readers using either single reading with CAD or double reading need to be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of reading regimens to avoid missing the more challenging cancer cases.
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. jonathan.james@nuh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Maureen G C
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gillan
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Astley
authors.forename: Caroline R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boggis
authors.forename: Olorunsola F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Agbaje
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Brentnall
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult