title: SNAP II versus BIS VISTA monitor comparison during general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effectively monitoring the level of consciousness during general anesthesia is clinically beneficial to both the patient and the physician. An electroencephalogram (EEG)-based level-of-consciousness monitor can help minimize intraoperative awareness as well as the effects of over-sedation. In this study, we compared the SNAP II (Stryker Instruments, Kalamazoo, MI USA) and BIS VISTA (Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, MA USA) monitors' primary metrics (SI and BIS, respectively) in terms of correlation, agreement and responsiveness to return to preoperative baseline in surgical cases involving general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  With institutional approval and written informed consent, 33 patients received general anesthesia with isoflurane while undergoing abdominal surgery. We attached both the SNAP II and BIS VISTA electrodes to each patient. We collected data from each monitor simultaneously and continuously, beginning just prior to induction and ending after extubation. Each monitor's level-of-consciousness index is a unit less metric that ranges from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating full consciousness. We performed a Bland-Altman and parameter difference analyses on the data. We calculated the time it took for each monitor to return to preoperative baseline level following cessation of anesthesia. We established an equivalence between the two indices over their entire range for our particular clinical scenario.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indices were correlated (r = 0.736, P < 0.0001, N = 3,706 data point pairs). There was an overall difference between the two indices (median = 16.0, 25th/75th%ile = 10.0/21.1) with BIS lower than SI. A 40-60 BIS range (the typical target range during general anesthesia) was approximately equivalent to a 54-74 SI range. In all 33 subjects, SI reached baseline before BIS at the end of the case (median = 3.3 min, 25th/75th%ile = 1.6 min/8.2 min versus median = 8.9 min, 25th/75th = 3.7 min/14.5 min, P = 0.0200), even though both metrics were equal at the beginning of the case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the SI and BIS both can assess a patient's level of consciousness and are correlated, they are not in agreement with each other numerically and therefore are not interchangeable. It is difficult to assess each monitor's true responsiveness to acute changes in consciousness level from our study design. The differences between the metrics we observed in this study are most likely due to differences in signal processing methodologies, EEG frequencies employed and signal filtering utilized in the monitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hrelec
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergese
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dzwonczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000295:instrumentation*; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult