title: Candida-associated denture stomatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical appearance of Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The relationships between the types of DS, oral complaints and associated conditions were assessed in terms of glycemic control as determined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and clinical data were obtained from questionnaires and oral examinations of 110 edentulous patients with T2DM and 50 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type II DS commonly occurred in diabetics (57.3% vs 30%; p=0.002) together with DS related oral complaints (60.9% vs 24%; p<0.001) compared with controls. Burning sensation of the mouth (BS) was the most common complaint. Dryness of the oral mucosa (DOM) (50.9% vs 6%; p<0.001), angular cheilitis (26.4% vs 8%; p=0.01) and glossitis (27.3% vs 6%; p=0.003) occurred more frequently in diabetics. Oral complaints and associated conditions of DS coincided with elevated HbA1c levels (p<0.001). Diabetics with extensive type of inflammation had higher HbA1c levels than type I/III DS subjects (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffuse type of inflammation was associated with T2DM. BS and DOM were the most common oral complaints. Inadequately controlled diabetes with Candida-associated DS was linked to a high incidence of an extensive type of inflammation, oral complaints and associated conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, Poznan, Poland. b.dorocka@gmail.com
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dorocka-Bobkowska
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz
authors.forename: Bogna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wierusz-Wysocka
authors.forename: Wieslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hedzelek
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szumala-Kakol
authors.forename: Ejvind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Budtz-Jörgensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000150:complications; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003778:Dentures; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005928:Glossitis / Q000150:complications; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D011044:Poland; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human