title: Endocannabinoid-like N-arachidonoyl serine is a novel pro-angiogenic mediator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  N-arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S) is a recently identified endocannabinoid-like lipid with weak affinity for the fully characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB(1) and CB(2)) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV-1). ARA-S induces vasodilatation and shows vasoprotective potential via activation of key signalling pathways in endothelial cells. Based on these findings, the effect of ARA-S on endothelial functions was further studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were used to investigate effects of ARA-S (0-10 microM) on certain endothelial functions, using cell proliferation, migration and wound repair models in vitro, and angiogenesis assays in vitro and ex vivo. Selective CB receptor antagonists and specific siRNAs were deployed to block individual CB receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that ARA-S stimulated angiogenesis and endothelial wound healing through induction of vascular endothelial growth factor C and its cognate receptor expression in primary HMVEC. Moreover, knock-down of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) partly inhibited ARA-S-induced signal transduction and endothelial functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that ARA-S is a pro-angiogenic factor in addition to a vessel dilator. The GPR55 receptor may serve as one target of ARA-S.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maor
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kunos
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Groopman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; C509235:N-arachidonoyl L-serine; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D012694:Serine