title: Comparative toxicities of aluminum and zinc from sacrificial anodes or from sulfate salt in sea urchin embryos and sperm.
abstract: The toxicity of aluminum or zinc from either sacrificial anodes (SA) or their sulfate salts (SS) was evaluated in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos or sperm exposed to Al(III) or Zn(II) (SA or SS, 0.1-10 microM), scoring developmental defects (DDs), fertilization rate (FR), and mitotic abnormalities. A significant DD increase was observed in SS, but not SA Al(III)- and Zn(II)-exposed embryos vs. controls. Both Al(III) and Zn(II), up to 10 microM, from SA and SS, inhibited mitotic activity and induced mitotic aberrations in exposed embryos. SA-Al(III)-exposed sperm displayed a significant FR increase, unlike Al(III) sulfate overlapping with controls. Both SA-Zn(II) and Zn(II) sulfate sperm exposure resulted in a significant FR increase. The offspring of SA-Al(III)-exposed sperm displayed a significant DD decrease, unlike Al(III) sulfate exposure. Zinc sulfate sperm exposure resulted in a significant increase in offspring DDs, whereas SA-Zn(II) sperm exposure decreased DDs. Together, exposures to SA-dissolved Al(III) or Zn(II) resulted in lesser, if any toxicity, up to hormesis, compared to SS. Studies of metal speciation should elucidate the present results.
authors.affiliation: ERPCB EA 3914 IUT-UFR Sciences, Université de Caen, Boulevard du Marechal Juin, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caplat
authors.forename: Rahime
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mahaut
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barillier
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Della Rocca
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004566:Electrodes; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009139:Musculoskeletal Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D012995:Solubility; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D019287:Zinc Sulfate