title: Depression-resistant endophenotype in mice overexpressing cannabinoid CB(2) receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the role of CB(2) receptors in the regulation of depressive-like behaviours. Transgenic mice overexpressing the CB(2) receptor (CB2xP) were challenged with different types of acute and chronic experimental paradigms to evaluate their response in terms of depressive-like behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tail suspension test (TST), novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) and unpredictable chronic mild stress tests (CMS) were carried out in CB2xP mice. Furthermore, acute and chronic antidepressant-like effects of the CB(2) receptor-antagonist AM630 were evaluated by means of the forced swimming test (FST) and CMS, respectively, in wild-type (WT) and CB2xP mice. CB(2) gene expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and protein expressions were studied in mice exposed to CMS by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of CB(2) receptors resulted in decreased depressive-like behaviours in the TST and NSFT. CMS failed to alter the TST and sucrose consumption in CB2xP mice. In addition, no changes in BDNF gene and protein expression were observed in stressed CB2xP mice. Interestingly, acute administration of AM630 (1 and 3 mg x kg(-1), i.p.) exerted antidepressant-like effects on the FST in WT, but not in CB2xP mice. Chronic administration of AM630 for 4 weeks (1 mg x kg(-1); twice daily, i.p.) blocked the effects of CMS on TST, sucrose intake, CB(2) receptor gene, BDNF gene and protein expression in WT mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that increased CB(2) receptor expression significantly reduced depressive-related behaviours and that the CB(2) receptor could be a new potential therapeutic target for depressive-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias, Campus de San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: García-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Ortiz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Adán
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manzanares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007211:Indoles; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C094023:iodopravadoline