title: Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells use galectin-1 to inhibit immune effector cells.
abstract: Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppress proliferation and alloreactivity of T cells. Several signaling molecules and enzymes contribute to this effect. We focused on carbohydrate-protein interactions and investigated whether lectins are involved in immune modulation by MSC. Gene expression profiling of MSCs revealed that one of the most important lectins in this setting, galectin-1, was highly expressed. Galectin-1 protein was detected intracellularly and on the cell surface of MSCs. In addition, galectin-1 was released into the cell culture supernatant by MSCs. To analyze the functional role of galectin-1, a stable knockdown of galectin-1 in MSCs with use of a retroviral transfection system was established. Galectin-1 knockdown in MSCs resulted in a significant loss of their immunomodulatory properties, compared with MSCs infected with nontargeting control sequences. The galectin-1 knockdown partially restored the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. By contrast, the effect of MSCs on nonalloreactive natural killer (NK) cells was unaffected by down-regulation of galectin-1 expression. Furthermore, MSC-derived galectin-1 significantly modulated the release of cytokines involved in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and autoimmunity (eg, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], IFNγ, interleukin-2 [IL-2], and IL-10. These results identify galectin-1 as the first lectin mediating the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs on allogeneic T cells.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gieseke
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böhringer
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bussolari
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominici
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handgretinger
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D037483:Galectin 1; C445499:LGALS1 protein, human