title: Neurotoxicity of fungal volatile organic compounds in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are found in indoor environment as products of microbial metabolism. In damp indoor environments, fungi are associated with poor air quality. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that microbial VOCs have a negative impact on human health. Our study was designed to provide a reductionist approach toward studying fungal VOC-mediated toxicity using the inexpensive model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, and pure chemical standards of several important fungal VOCs. Low concentrations of the following known fungal VOCs, 0.1% of 1-octen-3-ol and 0.5% of 2-octanone; 2,5 dimethylfuran; 3-octanol; and trans-2-octenal, caused locomotory defects and changes in green fluorescent protein (GFP)- and antigen-labeled dopaminergic neurons in adult D. melanogaster. Locomotory defects could be partially rescued with L-DOPA. Ingestion of the antioxidant, vitamin E, improved the survival span and delayed the VOC-mediated changes in dopaminergic neurons, indicating that the VOC-mediated toxicity was due, in part, to generation of reactive oxygen species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. inamdar@rci.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Arati A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Inamdar
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masurekar
authors.forename: Joan Wennstrom
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006798:Housing; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D014810:Vitamin E; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007980:Levodopa; D004298:Dopamine