The interdependence of endothelin-1 and calcium: a review.
The 21-amino-acid peptide ET-1 (endothelin-1) regulates a diverse array of physiological processes, including vasoconstriction, angiogenesis, nociception and cell proliferation. Most of the effects of ET-1 are associated with an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. The calcium influx and mobilization pathways activated by ET-1, however, vary immensely. The present review begins with the basics of calcium signalling and investigates the different ways intracellular calcium concentration can increase in response to a stimulus. The focus then shifts to ET-1, and discusses how ET receptors mobilize calcium. We also examine how disease alters calcium-dependent responses to ET-1 by discussing changes to ET-1-mediated calcium signalling in hypertension, as there is significant interest in the role of ET-1 in this important disease. A list of unanswered questions regarding ET-mediated calcium signals are also presented, as well as perspectives for future research of calcium mobilization by ET-1.
Tykocki
Nathan R
NR
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. tykockin@msu.edu
Watts
Stephanie W
SW
D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D015220:Calcium Channels; D019332:Endothelin-1; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D002118:Calcium