title: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the rapid and sensitive determination of UV filters in environmental water samples.
abstract: The performance of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique for the determination of eight UV filters and a structurally related personal care species, benzyl salicylate (BzS), in environmental water samples is evaluated. After extraction, analytes were determined by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). Parameters potentially affecting the performance of the sample preparation method (sample pH, ionic strength, type and volume of dispersant and extractant solvents) were systematically investigated using both multi- and univariant optimization strategies. Under final working conditions, analytes were extracted from 10 mL water samples by addition of 1 mL of acetone (dispersant) containing 60 μL of chlorobenzene (extractant), without modifying either the pH or the ionic strength of the sample. Limits of quantification (LOQs) between 2 and 14 ng L(-1), inter-day variability (evaluated with relative standard deviations, RSDs) from 9% to 14% and good linearity up to concentrations of 10,000 ng L(-1) were obtained. Moreover, the efficiency of the extraction was scarcely affected by the type of water sample. With the only exception of 2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHPABA), compounds were found in environmental water samples at concentrations between 6 ± 1 ng L(-1) and 26 ± 2 ng mL(-1).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Negreira
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubí
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cela
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D045483:Rivers; D012459:Salicylates / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013551:Swimming Pools; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012459:Salicylates; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C039672:benzyl salicylate