title: Management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding based on the classification of capsule endoscopic bleeding findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) and capsule endoscopy (CE) have been useful in managing obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). However, DBE is invasive, complex and time-consuming, therefore indications should probably be selective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the classification of the CE bleeding findings for determining the indications and timing of DBE in patients with OGIB.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 2003 to January 2009, 123 patients with OGIB who underwent CE were included in this study. These CE findings were classified based on the bleeding source. Type CE-I, II, III, IV and 0 indicate active bleeding, previous bleeding, lesions without active bleeding, a lesion outside of the small bowel, and no findings, respectively. We compared diagnostic yield and outcome between the classification and the findings of DBE or enteroclysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons of the positive findings rate with DBE or enteroclysis, the treatment rate and the rebleeding rate with the classification showed: CE-Ia, 100% (6/6), 50% (3/6), 33.3% (2/6); Ib, 66.7% (4/6), 0% (0/6), 16.7% (1/6); IIa, 33.3% (1/3), 33.3% (1/3), 33.3% (1/3); IIb, 53.8% (7/13),15.4% (2/13), 30.8% (4/13); III, 100% (84/84), 9.5% (8/84), 8.3% (7/84); IV, 100% (2/2), 50% (1/2), 0% (0/2); and 0, 0% (0/9), 0% (0/9), 0% (0/9), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of patients requiring treatment, the positive findings rate with DBE or enteroclysis and the rebleeding rates tended to be higher in the higher ranked classification types (CE-I>II>III>IV>0). These findings suggest that the classification can provide useful information on determining the indications and timing of DBE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan. maedas42@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanke
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terano
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome