title: Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of "green" synthesized silver nanoparticles using tea polyphenols.
abstract: Since ancient times, people have taken advantage of the antimicrobial effects of colloidal silver particles. Aside from the medical prospects, silver nanoparticles are found in a wide range of commercially available consumer products ranging from cosmetics to household cleansers. Current synthetic methods for creating silver nanoparticles typically call for potentially hazardous chemicals, extreme heat, and produce environmentally dangerous byproducts. Therefore, it is essential that novel "green" synthesis of nanoparticles becomes a reality, and it is imperative to fully analyze the potential toxic effects of these nanoparticles. In this study, we have shown that by reducing silver nitrate in solutions of tea extract or epicatechin of varying concentrations, spherical silver nanoparticles were formed that had controllable size distributions depending on the concentration of tea extract or epicatechin in the samples. Our ultra-resolution microscopy demonstrated that the nanoparticles were in fact interacting with the keratinocytes. Furthermore, evaluation of mitochondrial function (MTS) to assess cell viability and membrane integrity (LDH) in human keratinocytes showed that the silver nanoparticles were nontoxic. These results demonstrated that these nanoparicles are potentially biocompatible and warrant further evaluation in other biological systems.
authors.affiliation: Applied Biotechnology Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moulton
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Braydich-Stolle
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nadagouda
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunzelman
authors.forename: Saber M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Rajender S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Varma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; D012834:Silver; D002392:Catechin; D012835:Silver Nitrate