title: Immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide and pomalidomide on interaction of tumor and bone marrow accessory cells in multiple myeloma.
abstract: The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consists of extracellular-matrix and the cellular compartment including immune cells. Multiple myeloma (MM) cell and BM accessory cell interaction promotes MM survival via both cell-cell contact and cytokines. Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) target not only MM cells, but also MM cell-immune cell interactions and cytokine signaling. Here we examined the in vitro effects of IMiDs on cytokine signaling triggered by interaction of effector cells with MM cells and BM stroma cells. IMiDs diminished interleukin-2, interferonγ, and IL-6 regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 expression in immune (CD4T, CD8T, natural-killer T, natural-killer) cells from both BM and PB of MM patients. In addition, coculture of MM cells with healthy PBMCs induced SOCS1 expression in effector cells; conversely, treatment with IMiDs down-regulated the SOCS1 expression. SOCS1 negatively regulates IL-6 signaling and is silenced by hypermethylation in MM cells. To define the mechanism of inhibitory-cytokine signaling in effector cells and MM cells, we next analyzed the interaction of immune cells with MM cells that were epigenetically modified to re-express SOCS1; IMiDs induced more potent CTL responses against SOCS1 re-expressing-MM cells than unmodified MM cells. These data therefore demonstrate that modulation of SOCS1 may enhance immune response and efficacy of IMiDs in MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gullu_gorgun@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Güllü
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Görgün
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soydan
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Madhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bandi
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cirstea
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: Yiguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yu-Tzu
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Sabikun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabre
authors.forename: Noopur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raje
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D013792:Thalidomide; C467566:pomalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide