title: Factors influencing resonance frequency analysis assessed by Osstell mentor during implant tissue integration: I. Instrument positioning, bone structure, implant length.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor longitudinally the development of implant stability of SLA Straumann tissue-level implants using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and to determine the influence of instrument positioning, bone structure and implant length on the assessment of RFA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two healthy adult patients received either 8 mm, v4.1 mm Straumann Standard Plus tissue-level implants (n=16: Group A) or 10 mm, v4.1 mm Straumann Standard Plus tissue-level implants (n=16: Group B). During healing, RFA was performed on Weeks 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12. The implants were restored after 10 weeks (impression taking) and 12 weeks. In addition, probing depth, presence of plaque and bleeding on probing were assessed. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of Groups A and B were compared using unpaired t-tests and longitudinally applying paired t-tests between Week 0 and the subsequent time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positioning of the Osstell mentor device did not affect the ISQ values. Generally, ISQ values increased continuously during healing from a mean of 65.1 (SD 16.97) to 74.7 (SD 5.17) (significantly from Week 0 to Weeks 6, 8 and 12). Lower bone density (Type III or IV) resulted in significantly lower ISQ values up to Week 8. Implant length affected the increase in ISQ values over time. While no significant increase was observed with 10 mm implants, ISQ values of 8 mm implants increased significantly from Week 0 to Weeks 6, 8 and 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using Osstell mentor, ISQ values are reproducible irrespective of instrument positioning. ISQ values are affected by the bone structure and implant length. Hence, no predictive values can be attributed to implant stability.
authors.affiliation: Prosthodontics Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Christina P C
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014159:Transducers; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014732:Vibration