title: Quantitative determination of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis and in vitro activities relevant for neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: In the present work the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Amaryllidaceae-type alkaloids in the aerial parts and bulbs of Galanthus reginae-olgae Orph. subsp. vernalis Kamari is presented for the first time using GC-MS analysis. The alkaloids galanthamine, lycorine, and tazettine were identified in both extracts while crinine and neronine were found only in the bulbs. The yield of alkaloid fraction from bulbs (36.8%) is very high compared to the yield from aerial parts (9.34%). Lycorine was the major component in both fractions. The antioxidant potential was determined by three complementary methods. The preparations to reduce the stable free radical DPPH to the yellow-colored 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl with IC(50) values of 39 and 29 mug/mL for MeOH extracts from aerial parts and bulbs, respectively. The higher activity was given by EtOAc fraction of aerial parts with IC(50) of 10 mug/mL. This activity is probably due to the presence in EtOAc fraction of polar compounds such as polyphenols. The fraction exhibited a significant antioxidant capacity also in the beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system. A higher level of antioxidant activity was observed for EtOAc fraction from bulbs with IC(50) of 10 mug/mL after 30 min and 9 mug/mL after 60 min of incubation. In contrast, the fraction from bulbs performed poorly in the lipid peroxidation liposomes assay. Significant activity was obtained for dichloromethane fraction from aerial parts (IC(50) of 74 mug/mL). The major abundance of alkaloid in dichloromethane fraction may be responsible of the bulbs anti-cholinesterase highest activity (38.5%) at 0.5 mg/mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Italy. filomena.conforti@unical.it
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: Monica Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Loizzo
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menichini
authors.forename: Giancarlo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Statti
authors.forename: Dimitar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uzunov
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menichini
mesh_terms: D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002417:Cattle; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027801:Galanthus; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots
chemical_list: D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts