title: Effects of phenytoin on Satb2 and Hoxa2 gene expressions in mouse embryonic craniofacial tissue.
abstract: Cleft lip and cleft palate are common congenital craniofacial birth defects in humans. Phenytoin (PHT) is a risk factor of cleft palate formation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which phenytoin exerts its teratogenic effects resulting in cleft palate remain unknown. The Satb2 gene mutation is associated with cleft palate. Satb2-deficient mice exhibit cleft palate deformity and an up-regulation of Hoxa2 in the fronto-nasal region. In this study, phenytoin was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant C57BL/6 mice on the 10th day of gestation. Real-time PCR results showed that the expressions of Satb2 and Hoxa2 in craniofacial tissues of mouse embryos were obviously different at different time points. The Satb2 gene was down-regulated and the Hoxa2 gene was up-regulated in phenytoin-treated mouse embryonic craniofacial tissue. We conclude that phenytoin may regulate the expression of these two genes in C57BL/6 mice and it may also be involved in the formation of cleft palate.
authors.affiliation: Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Shi Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C489833:Hoxa2 protein, mouse; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; C501473:SATB2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010672:Phenytoin