title: [Comorbidities in patients with cerebral palsy and their relationship with neurologic subtypes and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the comorbidities in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) from two perspectives as neurologic subtype and gross motor functions, and find their correlations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with cerebral palsy treated in the rehabilitation center from January 2007 to June 2009 received the following examinations: intelligence capacity test, ophthalmologic consultation, language-speech test, brainstem auditory evoked potential and electroencephalogram. They were stratified according to both neurologic subtype and gross motor functions to detect the occurrence of comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all the 354 cases, 166 (46.89%) had mental retardation, 15 (4.24%) auditory limitations, 138 (38.98%) visual disorder, 216 (61.02%) language-speech disorder and 82 (23.16%) epilepsy. The frequency of individual comorbidities were distributed disproportionately between the different neurologic subtypes. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the spastic diplegia and the visual disorder (correlation coefficient = 0.26), between spastic hemiplegia and epilepsy (correlation coefficient = 0.17), between spastic quadriplegia and epilepsy and mental retardation (the correlation coefficient was 0.38 and 0.11, respectively) and between both dyskinetic and mixed children and language-speech disorder (the correlation coefficient was 0.24 and 0.27, respectively). The frequency of individual comorbidities was distributed disproportionately between the different neurologic subtypes and between the different GMFCS levels (P < 0.05), except for the frequency of visual disorders (chi(2) = 1.90, P > 0.05); and with the increase of the GMFCS levels, the burden of the comorbidities were more heavy and the incidence of the comorbidities was higher. Multi-comorbidities were relatively infrequently encountered in those with spastic hemiplegic or spastic diplegic children or patients whose GMFCS levels were I-III, while these entities occurred at a frequent level for those with spastic quadriplegic, dyskinetic, or mixed or children whose GMFCS levels were IV and V, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The mean GMFCS levels of children with spastic quadriplegic, dyskinetic or mixed CP were higher than level III, most of them had no ability of ambulation;while the mean GMFCS levels of spastic hemiplegic or spastic diplegic children were below level III, most of them could walk independently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are correlations between the occurrence of the comorbidities such as mental retardation, auditory or visual impairments, language-speech disorders, epilepsy and the cerebral palsy subtype and the gross motor function levels. Clinicians should have a full recognition of these comorbidities, and we should have a cooperation between the different subjects to have an overall evaluation and rehabilitation and to improve the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, Qingdao Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Dian-rong
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ruo-bing
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jian-hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000145:classification; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology