title: Mortality and employment after in-patient opiate detoxification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We considered that completed opiate detoxification resulted in increased life expectancy and earning capacity as compared to non-completed detoxification.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort study sample included pure opioid or poly-substance addicts admitted for voluntary in-patient detoxification between 1997 and 2004. Of 404 patients, 58.7% completed the detoxification program and 41.3% did not. The Austrian Social Security Institution supplied data on survival and employment records for every single day in the individual observation period between discharge and December 2007. Statistical analyses included the calculation of standardized mortality rates for the follow-up period of up to 11 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were between 13.5 and 17.9 during the first five years after discharge, thereafter they fell clearly with time. Mortality did not differ statistically significantly between completers and non-completers. The median employment rate was insignificantly higher in completers (12.0%) than in non-completers (5.5%). The odds for being employed were higher in pure opioid addicts than in poly-substance addicts (p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assumption that completers of detoxification treatment have a better outcome than non-completers has not been confirmed. The decrease in mortality with time elapsed since detoxification is interesting. Pure opioid addicts had better employment prospects than poly-substance addicts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. angela.naderi-heiden@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderi-Heiden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleiss
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bäcker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bieber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nassan-Agha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone