title: Chylous ascites as a complication of laparoscopic nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chylous ascites is a rare complication after major retroperitoneal surgery. Recently chylous ascites has developed more often after laparoscopic nephrectomy since that is increasingly done for various indications at many centers. We reviewed our cases of chylous ascites after laparoscopic nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2002 and December 2008 we performed 622 transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomies. We retrospectively analyzed factors related to chylous ascites as a complication of laparoscopic nephrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of chylous ascites was 5.1% (32 of 622 cases), including 4 severe refractory cases (0.6%). The difference in incidence by operation type was not statistically different (p = 0.251). Chylous ascites developed more often after left than right nephrectomy (7.3% or 25 of 343 cases vs 2.5% or 7 of 279, p = 0.010). In patients with radical nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy the incidence was higher in those who did vs did not undergo lymphadenectomy (13.9% or 10 of 72 vs 4.0% or 11 of 275, p = 0.027). Only 1 patient underwent explorative laparotomy due to persistent severe chylous ascites despite 8-week conservative management. The other cases were successfully managed conservatively by total parenteral nutrition and a low fat diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chylous ascites is not a rare complication after laparoscopic nephrectomy and most cases can be managed conservatively. To prospectively prevent this complication we recommend meticulous clipping of all perihilar and retroperitoneal fibrous fatty tissue during major vessel dissection, especially for left nephrectomy or extensive lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Sang
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Gyun
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002915:Chylous Ascites / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult