title: Planar polarity of multiciliated ependymal cells involves the anterior migration of basal bodies regulated by non-muscle myosin II.
abstract: Motile cilia generate constant fluid flow over epithelial tissue, and thereby influence diverse physiological processes. Such functions of ciliated cells depend on the planar polarity of the cilia and on their basal bodies being oriented in the downstream direction of fluid flow. Recently, another type of basal body planar polarity, characterized by the anterior localization of the basal bodies in individual cells, was reported in the multiciliated ependymal cells that line the surface of brain ventricles. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this polarity is established. Here, we report in mice that basal bodies move in the apical cell membrane during differentiation to accumulate in the anterior region of ependymal cells. The planar cell polarity signaling pathway influences basal body orientation, but not their anterior migration, in the neonatal brain. Moreover, we show by pharmacological and genetic studies that non-muscle myosin II is a key regulator of this distribution of basal bodies. This study demonstrates that the orientation and distribution of basal bodies occur by distinct mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: Shihhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Togo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yasuyuki S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tsubasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sunabori
authors.forename: Masa-Aki
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nakaya
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spassky
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism; D004805:Ependyma / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis
chemical_list: D024462:Myosin Type II