title: The effect of bifocal add on accommodative lag in myopic children with high accommodative lag.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a bifocal add and manifest correction on accommodative lag in myopic children with high accommodative lag, who have been reported to have the greatest reduction in myopia progression with progressive addition lenses (PALs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocular accommodative lag to a 4-D Badal stimulus was measured on two occasions 6 months apart in 83 children (mean ± SD age, 9.9 ± 1.3 years) with high lag randomized to wearing single-vision lenses (SVLs) or PALs. Accommodative lag was measured with the following corrections: habitual, manifest, manifest with +2.00-D add, and habitual with +2.00-D add (6-month visit only).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, accommodative lag was higher (1.72 ± 0.37 D; mean ± SD) when measured with manifest correction than with habitual correction (1.51 ± 0.50; P < 0.05). This higher lag with manifest correction correlated with a larger amount of habitual undercorrection at baseline (r = -0.29, P = 0.009). A +2.00-D add over the manifest correction reduced lag by 0.45 ± 0.34 D at baseline and 0.33 ± 0.38 D at the 6-month visit. Lag results at 6 months were not different between PAL and SVL wearers (P = 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A +2.00-D bifocal add did not eliminate accommodative lag and reduced lag by less than 25% of the bifocal power, indicating that children mainly responded to a bifocal by decreasing accommodation. If myopic progression is substantial, measuring lag with full correction can overestimate the hyperopic retinal blur that a child most recently experienced. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00335049.).
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA. dberntsen@optometry.uh.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berntsen
authors.forename: Donald O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Mutti
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zadnik
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology