title: Multiple invasions of O1 FMDV serotype into Israel revealed by genetic analysis of VP1 genes of Israeli's isolates from 1989 to 2007.
abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), one of the most dangerous viruses affecting cloven-hoofed animals, comprises seven serotypes that do not mutually cross-protect, with a total of about 80 subtypes. The Middle East is an FMD-endemic region, with repeated FMD outbreaks and In spite of its compulsory vaccination policy in Israel, outbreaks occur repeatedly. In order to compare the Israeli isolates, the complete viral VP1 genes of representative viruses isolated during the major outbreaks from 1989 to 2007 were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis, which showed that each outbreak was initiated by introduction of a new virus lineage and not by endemic and resident viruses. The differences between the nucleotide sequences of the viruses from the various outbreaks were too big to fit a model of outbreaks caused by endemic virus. Based on this approach, it was revealed that the 2002 outbreak was originated by viruses that circulated in the Arabian peninsula in 1997-1998.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel. yehudastram@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Stram
authors.forename: Osnat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuznetzova
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balaish
authors.forename: Hagai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yadin
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Istumin
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007557:Israel; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus