title: Homocysteine, neural atrophy, and the effect of caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Higher serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in humans are associated with vascular pathology and greater risk for dementia, as well as lower global and regional volumes in frontal lobe and hippocampus. Calorie restriction (CR) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) may confer neural protection against age- or Hcy-related vascular pathology. Hcy was collected proximal to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition in aged rhesus monkeys and regressed against volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging indexes using voxel-wise analyses. Higher Hcy was associated with lower white matter volume in pons and corpus callosum. Hcy was correlated with lower gray matter volume and density in prefrontal cortices and striatum. CR did not influence Hcy levels. However, control monkeys exhibited a strong negative correlation between Hcy and global gray matter, whereas no relationship was evident for the CR monkeys. Similar group differences were also seen across modalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum, prefrontal cortices, hippocampus, and somatosensory areas. The data suggest that CR may ameliorate the influence of Hcy on several important age-related parameters of parenchymal health.
authors.affiliation: Harlow Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Auriel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Willette
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Barbara B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Bendlin
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kastman
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canu
authors.forename: Kris J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kosmatka
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Ricki J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: Mary-Lou L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Voytko
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Weindruch
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Coe
authors.forename: Sterling C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine