title: Bonded orthodontic retainers: a comparison of initial bond strength of different wire-and-composite combinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate initial bond strength in Newton (N) of two types of wires (Ortho- Flextech chain and Penta-One Coaxial wire 0.0215") bonded with three lingual retainer composites (FlowTain, Light Cure Retainer and Transbond LR).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty sound, extracted human premolars were randomly divided into six equal groups. One of the two types of lingual retainer wires was bonded with one of the three types of the composite material in each group. Initial bond strength was measured using an Instron universal testing machine. We also evaluated the failure characteristics after failure at maximum load using an optical microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings demonstrated that the Coaxial/Transbond LR group was statistically significantly stronger than the other combinations. Statistically, 0.0215" Coaxial wire provided significantly stronger bond strength than Ortho-Flextech chain, and when the three composite systems were compared, Transbond LR revealed significantly higher bond strength than the others. However, Transbond LR left significantly more resin on the enamel surface after bond failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences exist between different combinations of wires and lingual retainer composites; however, all the wire-and-composite combinations we tested possess sufficient bond strength for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. amaldrees@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Abdullah M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aldrees
authors.forename: Terki K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Al-Mutairi
authors.forename: Zaki W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Hakami
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Malki
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011140:Polyurethanes