title: A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves).
abstract: The birds in the family Parulidae-commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-warblers-are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral differentiation. Although the monophyly of a 'core' wood-warbler clade is well established, no phylogenetic hypothesis for this group has included a full sampling of wood-warbler species diversity. We used parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods to reconstruct relationships among all genera and nearly all wood-warbler species, based on a matrix of mitochondrial DNA (5840 nucleotides) and nuclear DNA (6 loci, 4602 nucleotides) characters. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses provide a highly congruent picture of wood-warbler relationships, and indicate that the traditional generic classification of these birds recognizes many non-monophyletic groups. We recommend a revised taxonomy in which each of 14 genera (Seiurus, Helmitheros, Mniotilta, Limnothlypis, Protonotaria, Parkesia, Vermivora, Oreothlypis, Geothlypis, Setophaga, Myioborus, Cardellina, Basileuterus, Myiothlypis) corresponds to a well-supported clade; these nomenclatural changes also involve subsuming a number of well-known, traditional wood-warbler genera (Catharopeza, Dendroica, Ergaticus, Euthlypis, Leucopeza, Oporornis, Parula, Phaeothlypis, Wilsonia). We provide a summary phylogenetic hypothesis that will be broadly applicable to investigations of the historical biogeography, processes of diversification, and evolution of trait variation in this well studied avian group.
authors.affiliation: Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14950, USA. IJL2@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Irby J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lovette
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez-Emán
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Córdoba-Córdoba
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echeverry-Galvis
authors.forename: F Keith
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klicka
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lanyon
authors.forename: Eldredge
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bermingham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D020308:Songbirds / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial