title: Liver fat content in type 2 diabetes: relationship with hepatic perfusion and substrate metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic steatosis is common in type 2 diabetes. It is causally linked to the features of the metabolic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, and cardiovascular disease. Experimental data have indicated that increased liver fat may impair hepatic perfusion and metabolism. The aim of the current study was to assess hepatic parenchymal perfusion, together with glucose and fatty acid metabolism, in relation to hepatic triglyceride content.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine men with well controlled type 2 diabetes and 18 age-matched healthy normoglycemic men were studied using positron emission tomography to assess hepatic tissue perfusion, insulin-stimulated glucose, and fasting fatty acid metabolism, respectively, in relation to hepatic triglyceride content, quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Patients were divided into two groups with hepatic triglyceride content below (type 2 diabetes-low) or above (type 2 diabetes-high) the median of 8.6%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 2 diabetes-high patients had the highest BMI and A1C and lowest whole-body insulin sensitivity (ANOVA, all P < 0.001). Compared with control subjects and type 2 diabetes-low patients, type 2 diabetes-high patients had the lowest hepatic parenchymal perfusion (P = 0.004) and insulin-stimulated hepatic glucose uptake (P = 0.013). The observed decrease in hepatic fatty acid influx rate constant, however, only reached borderline significance (P = 0.088). In type 2 diabetic patients, hepatic parenchymal perfusion (r = -0.360, P = 0.007) and hepatic fatty acid influx rate constant (r = -0.407, P = 0.007) correlated inversely with hepatic triglyceride content. In a pooled analysis, hepatic fat correlated with hepatic glucose uptake (r = -0.329, P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, type 2 diabetic patients with increased hepatic triglyceride content showed decreased hepatic parenchymal perfusion and hepatic insulin mediated glucose uptake, suggesting a potential modulating effect of hepatic fat on hepatic physiology.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. rijzewijk@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Luuk J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rijzewijk
authors.forename: Rutger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lubberink
authors.forename: Hildo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Romijn
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.forename: Jos W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lammertsma
authors.forename: Johannes W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamant
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D001810:Blood Volume; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001830:Body Surface Area; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012016:Reference Values; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18