title: An update on pharmacological interventions for diabetic foot ulcers.
abstract: Diabetic foot ulcers are the most common lower extremity complications of diabetes. Peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease are the underlying risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers, subsequently leading to infections and requiring antimicrobial therapy for the management of the disease. Each risk factor is a target for clinical intervention, with the intent to delay or prevent disease progression to amputation. The effective therapy includes interdisciplinary care, which involves optimized pharmacological interventions in concert with other treatments such as debridement strategies and specialized wound dressings. The pharmacological therapy alone cannot lead to successful therapy, and therefore, these supplementary techniques/modalities should not be overlooked. It is therefore the aim of this report to review various pharmacological interventions, specific to the diabetic foot and wound healing, along with incorporation of advanced therapies required to achieve a multifaceted treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and provide basis for superior drugs as well as drug delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Scimeca
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bharara
authors.forename: Timothy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimbriel
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001458:Bandages; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D054843:Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases