title: 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose from Vitex negundo L. protects against streptozotocin-induced diabetes by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression.
abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of an action of compound isolated from Vitex negundo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Light microscopic examination of liver, kidney and pancreatic sections of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice showed changes like coarsening of acinar cells of endoplasmic reticulum, destruction of β-cells, and alteration in their secretory function were observed in the pancreas. Changes like dilation of vein, unusual concentric arrangement of hepatocytes, and liver fibrosis were observed in the liver. Thickening of tubules and expansion of glomerulus were observed in kidneys. All these altered parameters were reversed close to normal condition upon treatment using idopyranose. The results show the antidiabetic potential of idopyranose. Interestingly, liver, kidney, and pancreatic sections of diabetic mice fed with the isolated 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose showed regeneration of hepatocytes, nephrocytes, as well as β-cells and acinar region appeared normal with increased numbers of β-cells. To understand the probable mechanism of action of 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose, we analyzed proinflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression by immunohistochemistry and the results showed an increased iNOS and NF-κB levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver, kidney and pancreas. Such high iNOS and NF-κB levels were inhibited in 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose treated mice. The results suggest that 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose helps in the protection of hepatocytes, nephrocytes and pancreatic β-cells probably by its action against NF-κB and iNOS mediated inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
authors.forename: Ramar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manikandan
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiagarajan
authors.forename: Sivagnanam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beulaja
authors.forename: Mullaivanam Ramasamy
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
authors.forename: Velayutham
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meiyalagan
authors.forename: Ramalingam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Munusamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arumugam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006601:Hexoses / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020950:Vitex / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006601:Hexoses; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; C010997:idose; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II