title: Evaluation of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation through a needle-generated scleral tunnel in Mexican children with glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results and extrusion rates of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation through a needle-generated scleral tunnel, without a tube-covering patch, in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the charts of 106 Mexican children implanted with 128 AGVs operated between 1994 and 2002, with the needle track technique, at our institution, with at least six months follow up was done. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) control, tube extrusions or exposure and other complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a 96.9% survival rate at six months, 82.4% at one year, 78.7% at two years, 70% at three years and 41.6% at four years. Total success at the last follow-up (IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg without medications) was achieved in 30 eyes (23.5%), 58 eyes (45.3%) had qualified success (only topical hypotensive drugs) and 40 eyes (31.3%) were failures. The mean pre- and post-operative IOP at the last follow up was 28.4 mmHg (SD 9.3) and 14.5 mmHg (SD 6.3), respectively. No tube extrusions or exposures were observed. Tube-related complications included five retractions, a lens touch and a transitory endothelial touch. The risk of failure increased if the eye had any complication or previous glaucoma surgeries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medium-term IOP control in Mexican children with glaucoma can be achieved with AGV implantation using a needle-generated tunnel, without constructing a scleral flap or using a patch to cover the tube. There were no tube extrusions, nor any tube exposures with this technique.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Glaucoma, Asociacion Para Evitar la Ceguera en México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Albis-Donado
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gil-Carrasco
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-Quijada
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012590:Sclera / Q000601:surgery*