title: Fabrication and in vitro and in vivo cell infiltration study of a bilayered cryogenic electrospun poly(D,L-lactide) scaffold.
abstract: Cryogenic electrospinning has previously been demonstrated for controlling the pore sizes of electrospun scaffolds, which has been impossible with traditional electrospinning processes. This article describes the application of the cryogenic technique to fabricate a bilayered electrospun poly(D,L-lactide) scaffold (BLES) in a single uninterrupted process. The resulting BLES consisted of a traditional electrospun (ES) fibrous layer with a dense pore area of 17 +/- 3 microm(2) adjacent to a cryogenic electrospun layer (CES) with a pore area of 3300 +/- 500 microm(2). The significance of this bilayered scaffold was to mimic the anatomical structure of tissues with dense basement membrane followed by loose and highly porous connective tissue such as skin and blood vessels. Cell infiltration in the BLES was compared in vitro and in vivo. Both studies suggested the CES supported high cell infiltration, whereas the ES could serve as a physical barrier to prevent cell infiltration across the CES-ES boundary because of its size exclusion. The bilayered structure produced by this technique suggests a great potential for engineering tissues with similar architectures.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Meng Fatt
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Wing Yue
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kerm Sin
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chian
authors.forename: Mohamed Zulfikar
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Rasheed
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide)