Oral and systemic health correlates of HIV-1 shedding in saliva.
The relationship among oral and systemic health and HIV shedding in saliva is not well-understood. We hypothesized that oral and systemic health are associated with HIV shedding in saliva of HIV-infected women. Saliva from 127 participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) was collected at repeated visits over a 5½-year study period (October 1998 through March 2004) and was evaluated for HIV-1 RNA. Demographic, lifestyle, and systemic and oral health characteristics were evaluated as possible correlates of salivary HIV-1 shedding. Multivariate models showed significantly increased risk of HIV-1 shedding in saliva as blood levels of CD4 cell counts decreased (p < 0.0001) and HIV RNA increased (p < 0.0001). Diabetes (p = 0.002) and a high proportion of gingival bleeding sites (p = 0.01) were associated with increased likelihood, while anti-retroviral therapy (p = 0.0003) and higher levels of stimulated saliva flow rates (p = 0.02) were associated with a lower likelihood of HIV-1 RNA shedding in saliva.
Navazesh
M
M
Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, 925 West 34th Street, DEN 4320, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CA 90089-0641, USA. navazesh@usc.edu
Mulligan
R
R
Kono
N
N
Kumar
S K S
SK
Nowicki
M
M
Alves
M
M
Mack
W J
WJ
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004245:DMF Index; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000502:physiology*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral