title: Paediatric postmarketing pharmacovigilance using prescription-event monitoring: comparison of the adverse event profiles of lamotrigine prescribed to children and adults in England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using postmarketing pharmacovigilance data collected shortly after market authorization of lamotrigine in the UK, a study was conducted to compare the adverse event (AE) profiles of children and adults taking lamotrigine, using modified signal detection methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the lamotrigine Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM) study, an observational cohort study, were stratified by age and examined using summary statistics for adverse drug reactions (ADRs), reasons for stopping treatment, deaths and follow-up information. Incidence densities of AEs in children (0-17 years) and adults (> or =18 years) in the first month of treatment were compared with months 2-6 to examine whether the AE rates were different in these two periods. AE rates in children were compared with those in adults (proportional reporting ratio [PRR] and incidence rate ratios), to compare the AE profiles between these age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort included 2457 children and 7379 adults. Differences in the AE profiles between children and adults were observed. Rash (PRR 1.2) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (PRR 4.5) were more commonly reported in children, and confusion more frequently in adults (PRR 6.3). In children, 33% of ADRs were reported to the Regulatory Authority compared with 44% in adults. A higher proportion of children stopped treatment due to lack of effectiveness (45% vs 38%). No deaths were attributed to lamotrigine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that signal detection methods can be used to detect quantitative and qualitative differences in the AE profiles between the first children and adults taking a newly licensed drug.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aurich-Barrera
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine