title: Refining the tobacco dependence phenotype using the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives: II. Evidence from a laboratory self-administration assay.
abstract: Prior analyses of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (Piper et al., 2004) implicated 4 subscales as primary dependence motives (PDM) indexing the core features of tobacco dependence, with the remaining subscales reflecting secondary dependence motives (SDM; Piper et al., 2008). The current study extended this work by examining the correlates of PDM, SDM, their subscales, and other indicators of dependence in an operant self-administration paradigm. Smokers (N = 58) worked for cigarette puffs under differing fixed ratio schedules. Analyses focused on predicting self-administration under conditions of minimal constraint on tobacco access and on withdrawal and craving under conditions of severe constraint. Results support a 2-factor model of dependence, with the PDM factor showing relatively stronger relations with tobacco self-administration and the SDM factor showing relatively stronger relations with withdrawal symptomatology and distress-related craving. The PDM appears to index core features of tobacco dependence, but susceptibility to deprivation-contingent distress and craving may be better indexed by SDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. piaseckit@missouri.edu
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Piasecki
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010641:Phenotype; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012646:Self Administration / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*