title: Hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, SheA) and related toxins.
abstract: Certain strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri produce a pore-forming toxin hemolysin E (HlyE), also known as cytolysin A (ClyA) and silent hemolysin, locus A (SheA). HlyE lyses erythrocytes and mammalian cells, forming transmembrane pores with a minimum internal diameter of-25 A. We review the current knowledge of HlyE structure and function in its solution and pore forms, models for membrane insertion, its potential use in biotechnology applications and its relationship to a wider superfamily of toxins.
authors.affiliation: The Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Artymiuk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C119944:hlyE protein, E coli