title: Combination therapy of 5-fluorouracil with rapamycin for hormone receptor-negative human breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine a novel chemotherapeutic concept for hormone receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer, a high progression form of the disease for which treatment has been difficult. A combination therapy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with rapamycin (Rap) was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The growth inhibitory effect of treatment was evaluated by an MTT assay and cellular signal/apoptotic pathways were investigated by Western blotting and Hoechst 33342 staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rap was shown to induce an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K. The expression of thymidine synthase (TS) was decreased by Rap. The addition of 5-FU to Rap was found to increase cell death. The Hoechst 33342 assay showed that apoptosis was increased by the combination of 5-FU and Rap in comparison to 5FU alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-FU is more effective in combination with the TS-reducing action of Rap, even for highly HER2-expressing breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Oncology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nawa
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D005472:Fluorouracil; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human