title: Relatedness of human and animal Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 isolates determined on the basis of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and tetracycline resistance.
abstract: Totals of 102 and 56 Clostridium difficile type 078 strains of human and porcine origins, respectively, from four European countries were investigated by an optimized multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and for tetracycline susceptibility. Eighty-five percent of all isolates were genetically related, irrespective of human or porcine origin. Human strains were significantly more resistant to tetracycline than porcine strains. All tetracycline-resistant strains contained the Tn916-like transposon harboring the tet(M) gene. We conclude that strains from human and porcine origins are genetically related, irrespective of the country of origin. This may reflect a lack of diversity and/or common source.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corver
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harmanus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goorhuis
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Keessen
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Fawley
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kuijper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D021521:Ribotyping; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial