title: In vivo analysis of ciliary muscle morphologic changes with accommodation and axial ametropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to analyze ciliary muscle morphology and changes with accommodation and axial ametropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty prepresbyopic volunteers, aged 19 to 34 years were recruited. High-resolution images were acquired of nasal and temporal ciliary muscles in the relaxed state and at stimulus vergence levels of -4 and -8 D. Objective accommodative responses and axial lengths were also recorded. Two-way, mixed-factor analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to assess the changes in ciliary muscle parameters with accommodation and determine whether these changes are dependent on the nasal-temporal aspect or axial length, whereas linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between axial length and ciliary muscle length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ciliary muscle was longer (r = 0.34, P = 0.02), but not significantly thicker (F = 2.84, P = 0.06), in eyes with greater axial length. With accommodation, the ciliary muscle showed a contractile shortening (F = 42.9. P < 0.001), particularly anteriorly (F = 177.2, P < 0.001), and a thickening of the anterior portion (F= 46.2, P < 0.001). The ciliary muscle was thicker (F = 17.8, P < 0.001) and showed a greater contractile response on the temporal side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accommodative changes observed support an anterior, as well as centripetal, contractile shift of ciliary muscle mass.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Group, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Leon N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001699:Biometry; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000473:pathology*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D055815:Young Adult