title: Incidence of bacteremias and invasive mycoses in children with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia: results from a multi-center Italian study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the epidemiology of bacteremias and invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multi-center, retrospective study, we analyzed proportion, rate per 1,000 person-days at risk, and cumulative risk of bacteremias and IFD in children with AML.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 1998 and December 2005, 240 children were treated for AML at 8 Italian Centers, for a total of 521 treatment courses and 63,232 person-days at risk. Bacteremia was observed in 32% of treatment courses and IFD was seen in 10% (P < 0.0001), with rates of 2.62 and 0.84, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significantly higher frequency of IFD during relapse treatment: proportion 15% versus 9% (P = 0.05), rate 2.10 versus 0.64 (P = 0.008) and cumulative risk 32% versus 12% (P = 0.007), while there were no differences in the proportion, rate and cumulative risk of bacteremia during front-line or relapse treatment. The epidemiology of bacteremias and IFD was different during front-line therapy for M3 as compared to other types of AML, but the differences were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe infectious complications are frequent during the treatment of pediatric AML, especially during relapse treatment, and bacteremias are more frequent than IFD.
authors.affiliation: Department Of Hematology and Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy. eliocastagnola@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castagnola
authors.forename: Mario R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cesaro
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Livadiotti
authors.forename: Mareva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giacchino
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanazzo
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fioredda
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beretta
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciocchello
authors.forename: Modesto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.forename: Maria Caterina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Putti
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pansini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Licciardello
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caviglia
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haupt
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies