title: Use of the inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilator ratio in an audit of the treatment of asthma in an academic family medicine residency programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma affects around 5% of the United States population, with 50% having uncontrolled symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve asthma care by seeing if the inhaled corticosteroid to bronchodilator ratio (RATIO) is associated with asthma control and if non-clinical factors were associated with adherence to asthma guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study using University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, School of Community Medicine Family Medicine Clinic electronic medical records of a random sample of 49 patients with asthma who were seen at least twice from July 2003 through June 2007 and did not have a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or exercise-induced asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RATIO for those prescribed corticosteroid inhalers was directly related to the actual step of asthma care (STEP) but inversely related to the number of prednisone courses prescribed per year (R2 =.30, p = 0.0012). The difference between the actual STEP and ideal STEP (had corticosteroid inhalers been prescribed for all the months in the study) was directly related to the percent of available salbutamol (albuterol) inhalersthat non-clinicians refilled and inversely related to the actual STEP (R2 = .45, p = 1.8 x 10(-5)). The available corticosteroid inhalers prescribed was directly related to the actual STEP and inversely related to the number of comorbid diagnoses addressed at the last asthma visit (R2 = .70, p = 5.8 x 10(-10)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts to both limit salbutamol medications, especially by non-clinicians, and simultaneously prescribe appropriate amounts of inhaled corticosteroids, through a dedicated asthma visit, should improve asthma control. A higher RATIO implies better asthma control.
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74120-5440, USA. paul-pisarik@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pisarik
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol