title: Pragmatic scoring system for pharyngitis in low-resource settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to develop an easy, safe, pragmatic, clinical scoring system that would allow decreases in unnecessary treatment with antimicrobial agents in low-resource settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with pharyngitis were enrolled prospectively from 2 public hospitals and 1 medical unit in Brasilia, Brazil, over 17 months. Attending clinicians completed a questionnaire and a previously published scoring system for pharyngitis before performing throat swabs and group A streptococcus (GAS) rapid antigen-detection tests. Data from this study were added to those collected in 2004, to assess the performance of each item of the scoring system. The performance of the new clinical decision rule was determined with a receiver operating characteristic curve. The final outcome of the model was assessed on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio for non-GAS infections with the clinical approach, compared with throat culture or rapid antigen-detection test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 576 children were included, among whom 400 had non-GAS pharyngitis. The use of our new clinical decision rule would allow for 35% to 55% antibiotic reduction, with 88% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This clinical decision rule could reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment significantly in low-resource settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Unversity Children's Hospital, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joachim
authors.forename: Dioclecio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Pierre R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Smeesters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies