title: Effect of aging on risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: An increase in the aging population is an impending problem. A large cohort study was carried out to determine the influence of aging and other factors on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients treated with interferon. Biopsy-proven 2547 chronic hepatitis C patients registered at our referral center since 1992 were included. Of these, 2166 were treated with interferon-based therapy. Incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with interferon were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and person-years methods for an average follow-up of 7.5 years. Factors associated with HCC risk were determined by Cox proportional hazard analysis. HCC developed in 177 interferon-treated patients. The risk for HCC depended on age at primary biopsy and increased more than 15-fold after 65 years of age. Even when stratified by stage of fibrosis, the cumulative and annual incidences of HCC were significantly higher in older patients than in younger patients (P < 0.001) at the same stage of fibrosis, except for cirrhosis. Progression of fibrosis over time was significantly accelerated in older patients. The impact of viral eradication on HCC prevention was less significant in older patients than in younger patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, gender, liver fibrosis, liver steatosis, total cholesterol level, fasting blood sugar level, baseline and postinterferon alpha-fetoprotein level, and virological response to interferon were independent risk factors associated with HCC. Aging was the strongest risk factor for a nonvirological response to interferon-based antiviral therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients are at a higher risk for HCC. Hepatitis C viral eradication had a smaller effect on hepatocarcinogenesis in older patients. Patients should therefore be identified at an earlier age and treatment should be initiated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asahina
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Nobuharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Itsuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Namiki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007372:Interferons