title: Local tumor control, visual acuity, and survival after hypofractionated stereotactic photon radiotherapy of choroidal melanoma in 212 patients treated between 1997 and 2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term local tumor control, visual acuity, and survival after hypofractionated linear accelerator-based stereotactic photon radiotherapy in patients with choroidal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2007, 212 patients with choroidal melanoma unsuitable for ruthenium-106 brachytherapy or local resection were treated stereotactically at a linear accelerator with 6-MV photon beams at the Medical University of Vienna in five fractions over 7 days. Twenty-four patients received a total dose of 70 Gy (five fractions of 14 Gy), 158 a total dose of 60 Gy (five fractions of 12 Gy) and 30 patients a total dose of 50 Gy (five fractions of 10 Gy) applied on the 80% isodose. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed at baseline and every 3 months in the first 2 years, every 6 months until 5 years, and once a year thereafter until 10 years after radiotherapy. Assessment of visual acuity, routine ophthalmologic examinations, and measurement of tumor base dimension and height using standardized A-scan and B-scan echography were done at each visit. Funduscopy and fluorescein angiography were done when necessary to document tumor response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median tumor height and volume decreased from 4.8 mm and 270.7 mm3 at baseline to 2.6 mm and 86.6 mm3 at the last individual follow-up, respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001). Median visual acuity decreased from 0.55 at baseline to hand motion at the last individual follow-up (p<0.001). Local tumor control was 95.9% after 5 years and 92.6% after 10 years. Thirty-two patients developed metastatic disease, and 22 of these patients died during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypofractionated stereotactic photon radiotherapy with 70 to 50 Gy delivered in five fractions in 7 days is sufficient to achieve excellent local tumor control in patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid. Disease outcome and vision are comparable to those achieved with proton beam radiotherapy. Decreasing the total dose below 60 Gy seems to be possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dunavoelgyi
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dieckmann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleiss
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sacu
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgopoulos
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zehetmayer
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poetter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D017785:Photons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D055815:Young Adult; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma