title: The use of adjuvant high-dose-rate breast brachytherapy in patients with collagen vascular disease: a collaborative experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze toxicity and cosmesis in patients with collagen vascular disease (CVD) treated with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) via high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a pooled analysis of patients with early stage and in situ breast cancer with CVD treated with adjuvant multicatheter or balloon brachytherapy. Physicians at multiple institutions were asked to review their experience and report data regarding toxicity and cosmesis in patients with CVD. All patients fit American Society of Breast Surgeons recommendations for APBI and were treated with HDR brachytherapy with ≥ 3 months followup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine cases from five institutions are the subject of this analysis. The median patient age was 54 years and median followup was 31 months. All patients had documented history and active signs/symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, psoriatic arthritis, or scleroderma. All patients had received medical therapy for CVD in the past, and 78% were under active treatment at the time of brachytherapy. All the patients were treated with multicatheter or balloon (MammoSite [Hologic, Inc., Marlboro, MA], MammoSite ML [Hologic, Inc., Marlboro, MA], or Contura [Senorx, Irvine, CA]) brachytherapy with a median volume of 45.5 cc and a median skin distance of 7.5mm. Acute toxicity included Grade 1 skin erythema (5) and catheter-site wound dehiscence (1). Late toxicity included seroma (5), induration (5), pain (2), telangectasia (2), and superficial infection (1). Cosmesis was excellent or good for all the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with CVD have a toxicity and cosmesis profile consistent with other APBI series. Although confirmatory data is needed, it may not be necessary to exclude these patients from clinical trials of APBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. aedrag01@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dragun
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: S Eric
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Olyejar
authors.forename: Raul G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zunzunegui
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wazer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States