title: Use of serological techniques for determination of Spodoptera frugiperda(J E Smith) predators (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) is an important pest of several crops, but especially on maize in Brazil. The implementation of biological control measures hinges on the identification of its predators and other natural enemies. As a means of identifying predators, antibodies against S. frugiperda eggs were generated by inoculating rabbits with macerated S. frugiperda eggs, and the production of antibodies against S. frugiperda egg proteins was verifi ed by double immunodiffusion (DID). These antibodies were then utilized in another serological technique, counterimmunoeletrophoresis (CIE), to identify insects that could have ingested S. frugiperda eggs. Macerates of entire insects collected in maize plantations and of individual parts of their digestive tract, including the crop, were the source of antigens in the CIE, while predators fed S. frugiperda eggs in the laboratory served as the control. Antibodies produced by the inoculated rabbits were effective in detecting S. frugiperda egg proteins, especially if crop macerates were used as antigens. Among the species of insects collected from maize plantations, Lagria villosa Fabricius (Coleoptera: Lagriidae) and a species of Lygaeidae (Hemiptera) were identified as possible S. frugiperda predators.
authors.affiliation: Depto de Biologia Geral, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36571-000. joaquim.santos-neto@ibama.gov.br
authors.forename: Joaquim R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Santos-Neto
authors.forename: Jose M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mezencio
authors.forename: Aline T A
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michereff-Filho
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Serrão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012698:Serologic Tests; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies