title: The use of smartphones for clinical communication on internal medicine wards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Communication between clinicians is hampered by the frequent difficulty in reaching the most responsible physician for a patient as well as the use of outdated methods such as numeric paging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of smartphones to improve communication on internal medicine wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the Toronto General Hospital, residents were provided with smartphones. To simplify reaching the most responsible resident for a patient, a smartphone designated as "Team BlackBerry" was also carried by each senior resident and then passed to the resident covering the team at night and on weekends. Nurses were able to send email messages or call smartphones directly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were on average of 9.1 incoming calls, 6.6 outgoing calls, 14.3 received emails, and 2.8 sent emails per day to each Team BlackBerry. Team BlackBerrys received up to 35 calls and 57 emails per day. Residents strongly preferred the smartphones over conventional paging with perceived improvements in all items measured and felt that it improved efficiency and communication. Although nurses perceived a reduction in the time required to contact a physician (27.6 vs. 11 minutes P < 0.001), their overall satisfaction with physician's response time for urgent issues did not improve significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When smartphones were used for clinical communication, residents perceived an improvement in communication with them. Residents strongly preferred emails as opposed to telephone calls as the prime method of communication. Further objective evaluation is necessary to determine if this intervention improves efficiency and more importantly, quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. robert.wu@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dante
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morra
authors.forename: Sherman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Sannie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanjani
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rossos
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006747:Hospital Communication Systems; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D009864:Ontario; D010865:Pilot Projects