title: Tacrolimus-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after solid organ transplantation.
abstract: Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant drug discovered in 1984 by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. This drug belongs to the group of calcineurin inhibitors, which has been proven highly effective in preventing acute rejection after transplantation of solid organs. However, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are its major adverse effects. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is the most severe and dramatic consequence of calcineurin inhibitor neurotoxicity. It was initially described by Hinchey et al. in 1996 [N Engl J Med 1996;334:494-450]. Patients typically present with altered mental status, headache, focal neurological deficits, visual disturbances, and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive imaging test to detect this. With the more deep-going studies done recently, we have learnt more about this entity. It was noted that this syndrome is frequently reversible, rarely limited to the posterior regions of the brain, and often located in gray matter and cortex as well as in white matter. Therefore, in this review, the focus is on the current understanding of clinical recognition, pathogenesis, neuroimaging and management of TAC-associated PRES after solid organ transplantation.
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital , Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Qisi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marescaux
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Jeung
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Yangmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus