title: The effect of simvastatin on mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in tooth extraction socket.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tooth sockets of rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 24). Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-beta1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-beta1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hong-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000187:drug effects*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D004337:Drug Carriers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019821:Simvastatin