title: Characterization of the prion protein in human urine.
abstract: The presence of the prion protein (PrP) in normal human urine is controversial and currently inconclusive. This issue has taken a special relevance because prion infectivity has been demonstrated in urine of animals carrying experimental or naturally occurring prion diseases, but the actual presence and tissue origin of the infectious prion have not been determined. We used immunoprecipitation, one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry to prove definitely the presence of PrP in human urine and its post-translational modifications. We show that urinary PrP (uPrP) is truncated mainly at residue 112 but also at other residues up to 122. This truncation makes uPrP undetectable with some commonly used antibodies to PrP. uPrP is glycosylated and carries an anchor which, at variance with that of cellular PrP, lacks the inositol-associated phospholipid moiety, indicating that uPrP is probably shed from the cell surface. The detailed characterization of uPrP reported here definitely proves the presence of PrP in human urine and will help determine the origin of prion infectivity in urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Ayuna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagdanova
authors.forename: Serguei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilchenko
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Notari
authors.forename: Qiwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Obrenovich
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatcher
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McAnulty
authors.forename: Lequn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wenquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Qingzhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gambetti
authors.forename: Shu G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D011328:Prions / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000652:urine*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D011328:Prions