title: Resveratrol and small artery compliance and remodeling in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibit abnormal stiffness and geometry. This study investigated the effects of resveratrol, a polyphenol found in foods such as red grapes, on small arteries in SHR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were treated with resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Mesenteric small artery segments (third-order branches) were mounted in a pressure myograph, and vascular geometry and mechanical properties were calculated from lumen and media dimensions measured at incremental intraluminal pressures. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased compliance and reduced wall component stiffness were observed in SHR arteries vs. WKY arteries. Though resveratrol did not prevent lowering of wall component stiffness, it did attenuate, at least in part, the increased compliance of SHR arteries. In contrast, resveratrol increased compliance and reduced wall component stiffness in WKY arteries. SHR arteries exhibited remodeling that consisted of narrowed lumens, thickened media widths, and augmented media-to-lumen ratios. Resveratrol partially attenuated the remodeling process and also abolished exaggerated ERK signaling and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker of proliferation) in SHR arteries. The latter effects might be related to the ability of resveratrol to alleviate oxidative stress in SHR and enhance protein kinase G (PKG) activity. Elevated blood pressure in 20-week-old SHR was unaffected by resveratrol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of resveratrol to limit the increase in compliance of SHR arteries is likely related to inhibitory effects on remodeling and pro-growth ERK signaling rather than blood pressure or arterial wall component stiffness.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behbahani
authors.forename: Sijo J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Thandapilly
authors.forename: Xavier L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: Yingsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zongjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kopilas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Netticadan
authors.forename: Hope D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003187:Compliance; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol