title: Health-related quality of life measures (HRQoL) in patients with amblyopia and strabismus: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are used in healthcare to help inform clinical decision-making and policy-making decisions. A number of disease-specific or condition-specific measures have been developed and applied in ophthalmology; however, their use in the specific fields of amblyopia and strabismus are not as established. The purpose of this study is to identify and discuss specific HRQoL instruments that may be used in the investigation and management of patients with amblyopia and/or strabismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review was undertaken in November 2009. The electronic databases of AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine: 1985 to November 2009), the British Nursing Index and Archive (1985 to October 2009), Ovid Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid Medline (1950 to present) and PsycINFO (1806 to November Week 1 2009) were searched. No language restrictions were applied to the search.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four instruments were identified: the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ), the Amblyopia Treatment Index (ATI), the Adult Strabismus Questionnaire (AS-20) and the Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire (IXTQ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of HRQoL measures in patients with amblyopia and/or strabismus is a developing area. Further research is necessary to determine the impact of issues such as diplopia and poor cosmesis upon patient groups, and to determine the influence of ethnicity and parental reporting in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science (HEDS), School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK. j.carlton@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlton
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaltenthaler
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires