title: Sequential epiretinal membrane removal with internal limiting membrane peeling in brilliant blue G-assisted macular surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the selectivity of brilliant blue G (BBG) staining by analysing the morphological components of unstained and stained tissue obtained during epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in BBG-assisted macular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six surgical specimens were removed from 13 eyes with epiretinal gliosis during vitrectomy using BBG for ERM and ILM peeling. We included eyes with idiopathic macular pucker, idiopathic macular hole and vitreomacular traction syndrome. The dye was injected into the fluid-filled globe. Unstained and stained epiretinal tissue was harvested consecutively and placed into separate containers. All specimens were processed for conventional transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first surgical specimen of all eyes showed no intraoperative staining with BBG and corresponded to masses of cells and collagen. The second surgical specimen demonstrated good staining characteristics and corresponded to the ILM in all patients included. In seven eyes, the ILM specimens were seen with minor cell proliferations such as single cells or a monolayer of cells. Myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and astrocytes were present. In five cases, native vitreous collagen fibrils were found at the ILM. In six of the eyes, ILM specimens were blank.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our clinicopathological correlation underlines the selective staining properties of BBG. The residual ILM is selectively stained by BBG even when a small amount of cells and collagen adheres to its vitreal side. To reduce the retinal exposure to the dye, the surgeon might choose to remove the ERM without using the dye, followed by a BBG injection to identify residual ILM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal and Pathology Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, Munich, Germany. ricarda.schumann@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Ricarda G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gandorfer
authors.forename: Kirsten H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Eibl
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: Anselm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haritoglou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue