title: Expression of redox pathway enzymes in human prostatic tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the involvement of thioredoxin reductase (TxnR), thioredoxin (Trx) and peroxiredoxins (Prdx) in prostate cancer (PCa) and to assess the potential prognostic importance of these redox-regulated pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of the isoforms TxnR2, Trx1 and Prdx2 was studied by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs). In a prognostic TMA, 294 primary cases of PCa with a median follow-up of 49 months were stained for Trx1 and Prdx2. Another TMA containing benign prostatic tissue, atrophy, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and PCa from 40 patients was stained with all 3 antibodies. RES ULTS: All 3 proteins showed similar expression patterns, with the highest immunoreactivity in HGPIN followed by atrophy, PCa and benign tissue. TxnR2, Trx1 and Prdx2 were overexpressed in HGPIN and PCa compared with benign tissue (p < 0.001), and Trx1 and Prdx2 were also overexpressed in HGPIN compared with PCa (p < 0.001). Trx1 and Prdx2 did not correlate with biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates up-regulation of the redox pathway proteins in PCa and its precursor lesions. The pathogenetic role of the redox system remains to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdman
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Häggarth
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egevad
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D054482:Thioredoxin Reductase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: C491203:TXN protein, human; D013879:Thioredoxins; C086065:PRDX2 protein, human; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; C516127:TXNRD2 protein, human; D054482:Thioredoxin Reductase 2