title: A prospective, controlled clinical trial evaluating the clinical and radiological outcome after 3 years of immediately placed implants in sockets exhibiting periapical pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the aim of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcome of immediately placed implants in sockets with or without periapical pathology 3 years after implant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  twenty-nine patients with immediate implant placement were clinically and radiologically followed 3 years after implant placement (test group: 16 patients without periapical pathology, control group: 13 patients with periapical pathologies). Clinical (full-mouth bleeding score, full-mouth plaque score, clinical attachment level measurements and width of keratinized mucosa buccaly of the implant) and radiological parameters (vertical distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact [IS-BIC]) were assessed. Both 95% confidence intervals, as well as results of statistical tests (one-sample, two-sample and paired t-test) were provided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the implant survival rate was 100% for all 29 implants after 3 years. The clinical and radiological parameters showed no statistically significant difference between the test and the control group at 3 years (two-sample t-test). The IS-BIC was between 1.54 ± 0.88 mm (mesial, test) and 1.69 ± 0.92 mm (distal, test). Between the 1- and 3-year visit the IS-BIC increased in both groups significantly on one side of the implant: 0.30 ± 0.37 mm (mesial, test) and 0.33 ± 0.43 mm (distal, control) (one-sample t-test). None of the 13 examined radiographs of implants immediately placed in sockets with periapical pathologies revealed retrograde peri-implantitis after 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  it is concluded within the limitations of this study, that after careful debridement of the extraction socket, immediate placement of implants into sites with periapical pathologies can be a successful treatment modality for at least 3 years with no disadvantages in clinical and radiological parameters to immediately placed implants into healthy sockets.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Fixed & Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Truninger
authors.forename: Alexander O H
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Siegenthaler
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Christoph H F
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hämmerle
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D000075202:Contraindications; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000209:etiology; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome