title: Effects of intervention with the SAFE strategy on trachoma across Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of the SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, face washing, environmental hygiene), recommended to eliminate blinding trachoma, is not well explored. We determined the operational effectiveness of the whole SAFE intervention package.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytical cross-sectional trachoma surveys were conducted in four program areas across Ethiopia before and after 3 years of intervention with the SAFE strategy. A total of 8358 children 1-9 years, 4684 people above 14 and 3572 households were assessed in the follow-up evaluations using methodologies recommended by the WHO. Effects were measured by comparing follow-up proportions with baseline estimates of four key indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coverage was 36% for trichiasis surgery, 59% for antibiotic and 57% for health-promotion services. Prevalence of trachoma trichiasis (TT) decreased from 4.6% (95% CI: 3.6% to 5.8%) down to 2.9% (CI: 2.1% to 3.9%). Prevalence of trachoma inflammation-follicular (TF) dropped from 36.7% (33.9% to 39.6%) to 18.4% (CI: 15.4% to 21.8%). The proportion of unclean faces and households not using latrines fell from 72.8% (68.9% to 76.4%) and 74.5% (69.9% to 78.7%) down to 47.0% (CI: 43% to 51%) and 51.7% (47.2% to 56.2%), respectively. All the reductions related with antibiotic (TF), face washing (clean face) and environmental (latrine) components were statistically significant except for Surgery (TT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable decline in the magnitude of trachoma and its risk factors was observed in areas where the SAFE strategy was implemented. The coverage of services should be maintained or improved in order to eliminate blinding trachoma by the year 2020.
authors.affiliation: Sector de Oftalmologia, Hospital Central Da Beira, Beira, Mozambique. agassegid@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Roba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wondimu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zondervan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene / Q000592:standards*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014141:Trachoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents