title: Development of a visio-haptic integrated dental training simulation system.
abstract: The use of haptic devices in the medical field has become widespread in the last decade. In this study, a visio-haptic dental training system is developed using haptic and stereoscopic devices. Several advantages are offered by such a simulation system, including effective learning without any fear of making mistakes on a patient, possibility of repeating various dental operations, ease of evaluating student performance, and low-cost dental training even without an instructor. In this study, the biomechanical properties of enamel, dentin, pulp, and caries were modeled, and the parameters were fine-tuned to provide more realistic haptic sensations. Maxillary and mandibular dental arches and various dental instruments such as mouth mirror, probe, and dental drills were modeled in a 3D virtual environment. Probing and cavity preparation on teeth were implemented in the training system. Various graphical rendering methods (Surface Rendering in CPU, Iso-Surface Rendering, and Ray-Casting in GPU) were implemented and compared in performance. The implementation details and the software structure used are described. Finally, detailed performance tests by a group of dentists are conducted, and the results of these tests are presented. The performance tests found that dentists have a strong motivation to use the system and that in the aspects of usability, clarity, effectiveness, help/support provided, and satisfaction, the users' responses were above average.
authors.affiliation: Medical Center, Middle East Technical University, ODTU Medical Center, ODTU Kampusu, Ankara 06531, Turkey.
authors.forename: E Ilhan
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Konukseven
authors.forename: M Ercument
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mumcuoglu
authors.forename: Reha Sukru
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kisnisci
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003804:Dentin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D018961:Educational Technology; D006801:Humans; D003765:Models, Dental; D017145:Models, Educational; D012984:Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014110:Touch; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014785:Vision, Ocular