title: A genome-wide association study of Cloninger's temperament scales: implications for the evolutionary genetics of personality.
abstract: Variation in personality traits is 30-60% attributed to genetic influences. Attempts to unravel these genetic influences at the molecular level have, so far, been inconclusive. We performed the first genome-wide association study of Cloninger's temperament scales in a sample of 5117 individuals, in order to identify common genetic variants underlying variation in personality. Participants' scores on Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence were tested for association with 1,252,387 genetic markers. We also performed gene-based association tests and biological pathway analyses. No genetic variants that significantly contribute to personality variation were identified, while our sample provides over 90% power to detect variants that explain only 1% of the trait variance. This indicates that individual common genetic variants of this size or greater do not contribute to personality trait variation, which has important implications regarding the genetic architecture of personality and the evolutionary mechanisms by which heritable variation is maintained.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. karin.verweij@qimr.edu.au
authors.forename: Karin J H
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: Brendan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Zietsch
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Medland
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Beben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benyamin
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nyholt
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: Pamela A F
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: Anjali K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Henders
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Naomi R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Wray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality / Q000235:genetics*; D012201:Reward; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics*