title: Menu selection, glycaemic control and satisfaction with standard and patient-controlled consistent carbohydrate meal plans in hospitalised patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical nutrition therapy is an important component of glycaemic management in hospitalised patients with diabetes; however, there is a lack of information guiding the ordering of specific meal plans in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated academic medical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  An administrative decision to gradually replace standard consistent-carbohydrate (CCMP) (standard group) with patient-controlled meal plans (patient-controlled group) presented the opportunity to compare menu selection, adherence to CCMP, glycaemic control and satisfaction as a quality-improvement initiative. Information was obtained from consecutive inpatients with diabetes admitted to units receiving standard (n=30) or patient-controlled meal plans (n=43). Patients received the meal plan according to unit location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No group differences were observed in adherence to CCMP (70% vs 64%, p=0.1), mean capillary blood glucose (CBG) or hyperglycaemia frequency (CBG>180 mg/dl). Hypoglycaemia (CBG<70 mg/dl) occurred more frequently in the patient-controlled group (0.39 vs 3.23%, p=0.04). There were no episodes of severe hypoglycaemia (CBG<40 mg/dl) in either group. The patient-controlled group reported a greater satisfaction and had more opportunities for nutrition education, with a demonstrated improvement in adherence to CCMP following targeted education in six of nine patients with available menu data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standard group experienced less hypoglycaemia and required less clinician oversight. The patient-controlled group allowed for identification of patients who would benefit from education, required more oversight by nutrition services and reported greater satisfaction with their meal plan. Both meal plans may be appropriate for inpatients with diabetes, provided that a sufficient review is available for patients who make inappropriate selections with the patient-controlled meal plan.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, 3601 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curll
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dinardo
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noschese
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Korytkowski
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006757:Hospital Units; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008612:Menu Planning; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates