title: Effects of smoking cues in movies on immediate smoking behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking cues in movies on immediate smoking behavior. We tested whether smokers who are confronted with smoking characters in a movie smoke more cigarettes while watching than those confronted with non-smoking characters and whether this effect is less profound when smokers are more involved in the narrative (i.e., transportation).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an experimental design, 60 daily smokers were assigned randomly to one of two movie conditions (smoking vs. non-smoking characters). Participants were exposed to a 72-min movie clip and were allowed to smoke while watching the movie. Transportation and smoking habits were assessed with a questionnaire afterward.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed a significant interaction effect between movie condition and transportation on immediate smoking behavior, indicating that smokers who were less transported smoked significantly more cigarettes when they were exposed to smoking characters compared with non-smoking characters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results call for (a) increasing the awareness among people about the effect smoking cues in movies might have and (b) stricter control over smoking cues in movies.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands. k.lochbuehler@pwo.ru.nl
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lochbuehler
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Ron H J
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Scholte
authors.forename: Rutger C M E
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Engels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009042:Motivation; D009426:Netherlands; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires