title: Non-invasive characterization of the area-at-risk using magnetic resonance imaging in chronic ischaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  we investigated the performance of quantitative stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a basis for identifying and characterizing the area-at-risk subtending a chronic coronary artery (CA) stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pigs underwent a percutaneous copper-coated stent implantation in the circumflex CA (n = 11) or a sham operation (n = 5). After 6 weeks, angiography and MRI were performed including cine (rest, low- and high-dose dobutamine stress), dual-bolus first-pass perfusion (rest and adenosine stress), and contrast-enhanced imaging to quantify myocardial infarction (MI). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified based on Fermi-model deconvolution and compared with microsphere measurements. On the basis of Evan's blue staining, MBF thresholds to define the area-at-risk were determined by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. CA stenosis was 94 ± 7% and infarct size (IS) 7.3 ± 3.1% of left ventricular mass. Segmental thresholds of hyperaemic MBF yielded the best performance for detecting area-at-risk. There was a good correlation between MRI and microsphere perfusion (r(2) = 0.84, P < .0001). The area-at-risk presented a mixed substrate of non-infarcted (non-MI), <50% infarcted (MI+), and >50% infarcted (MI++) segments. MBF was reduced in at-risk vs. remote segments at rest (non-MI, 0.50 ± 0.21; MI+, 0.47 ± 0.14; MI++, 0.42 ± 0.14; remote, 0.84 ± 0.25 mL/min/g) and during stress (non-MI, 0.69 ± 0.09; MI+, 0.66 ± 0.14; MI++, 0.51 ± 0.11; remote, 1.70 ± 0.36 mL/min/g). Segmental wall thickening showed different responses to stress (remote, progressive increase during incremental stress; non-MI, increase at low-dose and discontinued at high-dose; MI+, initial increase and decrease at high-dose; MI++, progressive decrease).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  quantitative hyperaemic perfusion MRI accurately defines segments in the area-at-risk in chronic ischaemia, which present with different functional response to stress related to segmental IS.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Catholic University Leuven, Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'hooge
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ganame
authors.forename: Vesselina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferferieva
authors.forename: Karin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sipido
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dymarkowski
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogaert
authors.forename: Frank E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Rademakers
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Claus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004280:Dobutamine; D005260:Female; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D004280:Dobutamine