title: Adenoviral vaccination combined with CD40 stimulation and CTLA-4 blockage can lead to complete tumor regression in a murine melanoma model.
abstract: Therapeutic vaccination with replication deficient adenovirus expressing a viral antigen linked to invariant chain was recently found to markedly delay the growth of B16.F10 melanomas expressing the same antigen; however, complete regression of the tumors was never observed. Here we show that the delay in tumor growth can be converted to complete regression and long-term survival in 30-40% of the mice by a booster vaccination plus combinational treatment with agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and anti-CTLA-4 mAb. Regarding the mechanism underlying the improved clinical effect, analysis of the tumor-specific response revealed a significantly prolonged tumor-specific CD8 T cell response in spleens of the mice receiving the combinational treatment compared with mice receiving either treatment individually. Matching this, CD8 T cell depletion completely prevented tumor control. These results indicate that even with a strong tumor vaccine candidate, combinatorial treatment may be required to obtain clinically relevant results.
authors.affiliation: Institute of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Steffensen
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C045084:invariant chain