title: Characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strains isolated from migratory waterfowl in Mongolia on the way back from the southern Asia to their northern territory.
abstract: H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were isolated from dead wild waterfowl at Khunt, Erkhel, Doityn Tsagaan, Doroo, and Ganga Lakes in Mongolia in July 2005, May 2006, May 2009, July 2009, and May 2010, respectively. The isolates in 2005 and 2006 were classified into genetic clade 2.2, and those in 2009 and 2010 into clade 2.3.2. A/whooper swan/Mongolia/6/2009 (H5N1) experimentally infected ducks and replicated systemically with higher mortality than that of the isolates in 2005 and 2006. Intensive surveillance of avian influenza in migratory waterfowl flying from their nesting lakes in Siberia to Mongolia in every autumn indicate that HPAI viruses have not perpetuated at their nesting lakes until 2009. The present results demonstrate that wild waterfowl were sporadically infected with H5N1 HPAI viruses prevailing in domestic poultry in the southern Asia and died in Mongolia on the way back to their northern territory in spring.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Sengee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugar
authors.forename: Damdinjav
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Batchluun
authors.forename: Tseren-Ochir
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Erdene-Ochir
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takakuwa
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajihara
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Ayato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Ruuragchaa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sodnomdarjaa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D046090:Anseriformes / Q000821:virology*; D001208:Asia; D002645:Chickens; D004372:Ducks; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008986:Mongolia; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology; D013045:Species Specificity; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus