title: Increases in IgA(+) B cells in Peyer's patches during milk-borne mouse mammary tumor virus infection are influenced by Toll-like receptor 4 and are completely dependent on the superantigen response.
abstract: Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a milk-borne betaretrovirus that has developed strategies to exploit and subvert the host immune system. Although mammary glands are the final target of infection, Peyer's patches (PP) are the entry site of the virus. Herein, we show that the infection induces increases in the number of PP IgA(+) B cells and higher expression of the α circular transcript, which is a specific marker of the switch to IgA. In addition, IgA(+) B-cell increases correlated with higher levels of cytokines related to IgA class switching, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-6. Of interest, the increases in IgA(+) B cells were lower in Toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice and were completely dependent on the presence of superantigen-reactive T cells. Our results point to a novel mechanism involved in MMTV infection and suggest that IgA(+) B cells may play an important role in carrying the virus to the mammary glands.
authors.affiliation: ILEX-CONICET, División Medicina Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vercelli
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burzyn
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Badano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maglioco
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mundiñano
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camicia
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nepomnaschy
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Piazzon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008892:Milk; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018089:Superantigens; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4