title: DAPT enhances the apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of DAPT (gamma-secretase inhibitor) on the growth of human tongue carcinoma cells and to determine the molecular mechanism to enable the potential application of DAPT to the treatment of tongue carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cells were cultured with DAPT. Cell growth was determined using Indigotic Reduction method. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and Immuno-Fluorescence (IF) were employed to determine the intracellular expression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DAPT inhibited the growth of human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cells by inducing G0-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mRNA levels of Hairy/Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes-1), a target of Notch activation, were reduced by DAPT in a dose-dependent manner. Coincident with this observation, DAPT induced a dose-dependent promotion of constitutive Caspase-3 in Tca8113 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DAPT may have a therapeutic value for human tongue carcinoma. Moreover, the effects of DAPT in tumor inhibition may arise partly via the modulation of Notch-1 and Caspase-3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mass General Hospital for Children, Pediatric Orthopaedic Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Grottkau
authors.forename: Xi-Rui
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Claudia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Xing-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-Xiao
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yu-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuan-Ding
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yun-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000187:drug effects; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051881:Receptor, Notch1 / Q000187:drug effects; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1
chemical_list: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D053148:Caspase 3; D019938:Cyclin D1; D004151:Dipeptides; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; C419410:N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester; C497761:NOTCH1 protein, human; C078493:HES1 protein, human