title: Screening for cervical neoplasia in Bangladesh using visual inspection with acetic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the organization and early results of a visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening program for cervical cancer prevention in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Opportunistic VIA screening was offered by trained medical personnel to healthy women attending healthcare facilities in 44 districts. Colposcopy and/or directed biopsies were performed on VIA-positive women at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) or medical college hospitals. The numbers of screened and VIA-positive women as well as the results of colposcopy, biopsy, and treatment of those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) attending BSMMU are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January, 2005, to June, 2008, 104098 women underwent VIA screening. Among them, 5013 (4.8%) women were positive, of whom 4371 (87.2%) attended colposcopy clinics in different hospitals. Of the 2188 who underwent colposcopy at BSMMU, 157 were diagnosed with CIN 2-3 and 123 with invasive cancer. For 2065 women (excluding the cancer cases), results for sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of VIA to detect CIN 2-3 lesions were 93.6%, 58.3%, and 15.6%, respectively. Almost half the women with CIN 2 or 3 lesions had treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A VIA-based program would facilitate the development of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical neoplasia and improve awareness of cervical cancer prevention in Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ashrafun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nessa
authors.forename: Muhammad Anwar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Jebun Nessa
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Mohammad Harun Ur
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muwonge
authors.forename: Rengaswamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sankaranarayanan
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh; D003127:Colposcopy; D017679:Cryotherapy; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004598:Electrosurgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D019342:Acetic Acid