title: MDR1 and ERCC1 expression predict outcome of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer still remains to be defined. We hypothesized that assessing the gene expression of the chemotherapy response modifiers multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) may help identify the group of patients benefiting from cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 108 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer, who had been enrolled in AUO-AB05/95, a phase 3 trial randomizing a maximum of three courses of adjuvant cisplatin and methotrexate (CM) versus methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin (M-VEC), were included in the study. Tumor cells were retrieved by laser-captured microdissection and analyzed for MDR1 and ERCC1 expression using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Gene expression levels were correlated with clinical outcomes by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expressions of MDR1 and ERCC1 were independently associated with overall progression-free survival (P = .001, relative risk = 2.9 and P = .01, relative risk = 2.24, respectively). The correlation of high MDR1 expression with inferior outcome was stronger in patients receiving M-VEC, whereas ERCC1 analysis performed equally in the CM and M-VEC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High MDR1 and ERCC1 gene expressions are associated with inferior outcome after cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Prospective studies are warranted to define a role for MDR1 and ERCC1 analysis in individualizing multimodality treatment in locally advanced bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cancer Research), West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. ach@o117.com
authors.forename: Andreas-Claudius
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leicht
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertz
authors.forename: Kathleen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Danenberg
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Danenberg
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stöhr
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stöckle
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015251:Epirubicin; D014747:Vinblastine; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate