title: Influence of NaCl reduction and replacement on the growth of Lactobacillus sakei in broth, cooked ham and white sauce.
abstract: The growth inhibiting effects of NaCl and selected simple salt replacers (CaCl(2), MgCl(2), KCl and MgSO(4)) on the growth of Lactobacillus sakei were studied in de Man Rogosa Sharpe broth at 7 degrees C over a water phase concentration of 0 to 6.4%. The divalent chloride salts (CaCl(2) in particular) generally had the largest antimicrobial activities at equivalent water phase concentrations, molalities or water activity (a(w)) values. MgSO(4) had not only the least antimicrobial activity but also the smallest a(w) depressing capacity. The results also showed that the antimicrobial effects of CaCl(2) were not fully accounted for by its a(w) depressing effects. Challenge tests performed on cooked ham and white sauce showed that reduction of NaCl levels by 28 and 33%, respectively, had no influence on the microbial stability of these products to L. sakei. Ultimately the study concluded that the microbiological consequences of the full or partial replacement of NaCl on the growth of L. sakei largely depend on the initial level of NaCl, the level of replacement and the nature of the salt replacer used. Altered stability to L. sakei is most likely given a high initial NaCl level, combined with a large level of partial replacement with either CaCl(2) (increased stability) or MgSO(4) (reduced stability) as the replacer.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Simbarashe.Samapundo@UGent.be
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samapundo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ampofo-Asiama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anthierens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xhaferi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van Bree
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szczepaniak
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goemaere
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhooge
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paelinck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dewettinck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Devlieghere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015636:Magnesium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012492:Salts; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D002122:Calcium Chloride