title: Comparison of 5 surgical techniques for partial liver lobectomy in the dog for intraoperative blood loss and surgical time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare surgical time and intraoperative blood loss for 5 partial liver lobectomy techniques in the dog.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental in vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n=10).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five surgical techniques (SurgiTie(™) ; LigaSure(™) ; Ultracision(®) Harmonic Scalpel [UAS]; Suction+Clip; Suction+thoracoabdominal stapler [TA]) for partial liver lobectomy in dogs were evaluated and compared for total surgical time and intraoperative blood loss. Body weight, activated clotting time (ACT), heart rate, and intraoperative blood pressure (BP) were recorded. Blood loss was determined by adding the weight of the blood soaked sponges during surgery (1 g=1 mL) to the amount of suctioned blood (mL). Surgical time (in seconds) was determined from the start of the lobectomy until cessation of bleeding from the stump. Mean surgical time and mean blood loss for each technique were compared using a Tukey's multiple comparison test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between dogs for weight, ACT, heart rate, and intraoperative BP. No complications were seen with the SurgiTie(™) technique in 9 of 10 cases. There was no significant difference in surgical time between techniques however there was a significant difference for blood loss; the Suction+Clip method had significantly more blood loss than the other techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skeletonization of the lobar vessels before individually clipping them (Suction+Clip) resulted in a higher blood loss than using Suction+TA, UAS, SurgiTie(™) or the LigaSure(™) device. The SurgiTie(™) appears to be an acceptable method for partial liver lobectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although skeletonization and individually clipping the vessels had the highest blood loss, it still was <7.5% of total blood volume. All 5 techniques should be safe for clinical use in small to medium sized dogs up to 26 kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0126, USA. risseladam@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Marije
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Risselada
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.forename: Maximilian M R
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Polyak
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Gilder
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirkby
authors.forename: Stanley E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors