title: Construction and molecular characterization of human chimeric T-cell antigen receptors specific for carcinoembryonic antigen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chimeric T-cell antigen receptors (CAR) provide a promising approach for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of cancer. Extensive studies on CARs have been conducted, but the detailed molecular mechanisms of the activation of a CAR-grafted T-cell remain ambiguous. This study constructed a CAR bearing anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) derived from a human monoclonal antibody (clone C2-45), and investigated the molecular basis of the CAR-mediated activation in Jurkat T-cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A gene of a single chain fragment variable (scFv) specific for CEA was functionally cloned by the phage display method. The scFv gene was fused to human cDNAs coding for transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of CD28 and an intracellular domain of CD3zeta. The resultant CAR45-28zeta was transiently expressed in Jurkat cells, and T-cell activation was examined by Western blotting and a cytokine production assay. A fluorescent protein-tagged ZAP-70 was used to determine whether CAR45-28zeta and ZAP-70 were co-localized at the cell surface by confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Western blot analysis showed CAR45-28zeta activated the ERK JNK, and p38 pathways in a CEA-dependent manner. An immunofluorescent analysis revealed the CEA-dependent formation of the signaling clusters at the antigen-CAR interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAR45-28zeta induced a wild-type T-cell receptor-like molecular event upon CEA binding, suggesting that this CAR fused gene may be useful for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. shirasu@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirasu
authors.forename: Hirotomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibaguci
authors.forename: Motomu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion / Q000379:methods; D001483:Base Sequence; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D000939:Epitopes; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; C121704:CD3 antigen, zeta chain; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D000939:Epitopes; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins