title: State-dependent blockade of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) K(+) channels by changrolin in stably transfected HEK293 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of changrolin on the K(+) channels encoded by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG).
  
  
  METHODS
  hERG channels were heterologously stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, and the hERG K(+) currents were recorded using a standard whole-cell patch-clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changrolin inhibited hERG channels in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner (IC(50)=18.23 mumol/L, 95% CI: 9.27-35.9 mumol/L; Hill coefficient=-0.9446). In addition, changrolin shifted the activation curve of hERG channels by 14.3+/-1.5 mV to more negative potentials (P<0.01, n=9) but did not significantly affect the steady-state inactivation of hERG (n=5, P>0.05). The relative block of hERG channels by changrolin was close to zero at the time point of channel opening by the depolarizing voltage step and quickly increased afterwards. The maximal block was achieved in the inactivated state, with no further development of the open channel block. In the "envelope of tails" experiments, the time constants of activation were found to be 287.8+/-46.2 ms and 174.2+/-18.4 ms, respectively, for the absence and presence of 30 mumol/L changrolin (P<0.05, n=7). The onset of inactivation was accelerated significantly by changrolin between -40 mV and +60 mV (P<0.05, n=7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that changrolin is a potent hERG blocker that preferentially binds to hERG channels in the open and inactivated states.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-hai
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; D011799:Quinazolines; C022128:changrolin