title: Depression is associated with increased occurrence of left ventricle concentric geometry in older subjects independently of blood pressure levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression is emerging as an independent risk factor for CV events, though mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. We investigated the relation between depression and LV hypertrophy (LVH) and LV structure in a group of elderly subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred seventy patients (mean age 79 ± 6 years) were enrolled. CV risk factors were assessed. Depression was defined as a score ≥ 6 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. On the basis of the presence of LVH and of LV relative wall thickness (RWT) 4 echocardiographic patterns of LV adaptation were defined: concentric LVH (LVH with increased RWT); eccentric LVH (LVH with normal RWT); concentric LV remodeling (no LVH with increased RWT); normal LV (no LVH with normal RWT). Prevalence of hypertension was approximately 86% and 24.7% had diabetes (n.s. depressed vs not depressed subjects). BP was comparable in these two groups (134.7 ± 1.4 vs 135.3 ± 1.8 mmHg, 77.1 ± 0.8 vs 76.3 ± 1.0 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively). Depressed subjects (n = 165) showed a significantly higher occurrence of concentric LVH than not depressed, after adjustment for age, sex, and hypertension. Depression was associated with a 2.1 fold higher risk of showing a LV concentric, either remodeling or LVH, pattern after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional CV risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is accompanied by a higher occurrence of concentric LVH in elderly subjects, independently of BP levels.
authors.affiliation: UO Geriatria, INRCA, IRCCS, Via Cassia 1167, 00189 Roma, Italy. angeloelefante@interfree.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scuteri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coluccia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modestino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling