title: Prognostic factors for survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, estimation of individual prognosis is essential to provide the most suitable biliary stent (self-expanding metal stent or plastic stent). The aim of the current study was to determine prognostic factors for survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer after initial biliary drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study included 278 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Prognostic factors for survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model, the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator, and the Wilcoxon test for difference in survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, advanced T stage according to the TNM classification (P = 0.021, Wald test) and the presence of distant metastases (P = 0.001, Wald test) were predictive factors for shorter survival. However, in multivariate analysis, the presence of distant metastasis was the only independent prognostic factor. The median survival time after initial biliary drainage was 3.1 and 6.6 months in patients with and without the presence of distant metastases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of distant metastases was identified as the only independent prognostic factor for survival after initial biliary drainage. A self-expanding metal stent should be systematically chosen for patient without distant metastases, whereas polyethylene plastic stents should be preferred in patients with distant metastases.
authors.affiliation: II Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kehl
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mittermeyer
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herberich
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Röthling
authors.forename: Roland M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prinz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors