title: Prevalence and risk factors for esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions in Anyang, China: a population-based endoscopic survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) in high prevalence regions of China remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic biopsies were conducted among 7381 inhabitants aged from 25 to 65 of Anyang, China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 2.57, 0.20 and 0.16% of the participants had mild, moderate and severe squamous dysplasia, respectively; 0.19 and 0.08% showed squamous carcinoma in situ and invasive ESCC. Using deep well (depth >100 meters) as water source (odds ratio=0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.96) was negatively associated with ESCC and its precursors, whereas tobacco and alcohol use were not significantly associated with ESCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Water source and other factors in this region need further evaluation by longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd. Hai Dian District, 100142 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014881:Water Supply