title: Nanoscale enzyme reactors in mesoporous carbon for improved performance and lifetime of biosensors and biofuel cells.
abstract: Nanoscale enzyme reactors (NERs) of glucose oxidase in conductive mesoporous carbons were prepared in a two-step process of enzyme adsorption and follow-up enzyme crosslinking. MSU-F-C, a mesoprous carbon, has a bottleneck pore structure with mesocellular pores of 26 nm connected with window mesopores of 17 nm. This structure enables the ship-in-a-bottle mechanism of NERs, which effectively prevents the crosslinked enzymes in mesocellular pores from leaching through the smaller window mesopores. This NER approach not only stabilized the enzyme but also expedited electron transfer between the enzyme and the conductive MSU-F-C by maintaining a short distance between them. In a comparative study with GOx that was simply adsorbed without crosslinking, the NER approach was proven to be effective in improving the sensitivity of glucose biosensors and the power density of biofuel cells. The power density of biofuel cells could be further improved by manipulating several factors, such as by adding a mediator, changing the order of adsorption and crosslinking, and inserting a gold mesh as an electron collector.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejon 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jongkyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yongjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chulmin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Byoung Chan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yongchai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Byoung In
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Jinwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Gyu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho Nam
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Taeghwan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyeon
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Hee-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jungbae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D019149:Bioreactors; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016062:Porosity
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D002244:Carbon; D005949:Glucose Oxidase