Medication adherence behavior and priorities among older adults with CKD: a semistructured interview study.
BACKGROUND
Older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically use more than 5 medications and have multiple prescribing physicians. However, little is known about how they prioritize their medical conditions or decide which medications to take.


METHODS
Semistructured interviews (average length, 40 minutes) with 20 community-dwelling adults with CKD stages 3-5D receiving nephrology care at a tertiary referral center. Respondents were asked about medications, prescribing physicians, and medication-taking behaviors. We performed thematic analysis to explain patients' decisions regarding medication prioritization, understanding, and adherence decisions.


RESULTS
Participants (age range, 55-84 years; mean, 72 years) used 5-14 prescribed medications, had 2-9 physicians, and had 5-11 comorbid conditions. All had assigned implicit priorities to their medications. Although most expressed the intention to be adherent, many regularly skipped medications they considered less important. Most identified the prescribing physician and indication for each medication, but there often was substantial discordance between beliefs about medications and conventional medical opinion. Respondents prioritized medications based on the salience of the particular condition, perceived effects of the treatment, and barriers (physical, logistic, or financial) to using the prescribed drug. Side effects of medications were common and anxiety provoking, but discussions with the prescribing physician often were delayed or unfulfilling for the patient.


CONCLUSIONS
Polypharmacy in patients with CKD leads to complex medication choices and adherence behaviors in this population. Most patients we interviewed had beliefs or priorities that were nonconcordant with conventional medical opinion; however, patients rarely discussed these beliefs and priorities or the resultant poor medication adherence with their physicians. Further study is needed to provide quantitative data about the magnitude of adherence barriers. It is likely that more effective communication about medication use could improve patients' health outcomes and reduce potential adverse drug events.
Rifkin
Dena E
DE
University of California, San Diego, and San Diego VA Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. drifkin@ucsd.edu
Laws
M Barton
MB
Rao
Madhumathi
M
Balakrishnan
V S
VS
Sarnak
Mark J
MJ
Wilson
Ira B
IB
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019338:Polypharmacy