title: Feasibility of pulmonary valve imaging using three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pulmonary valve (PV) is rarely visualized in short axis with conventional two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Thus, the true incidence of abnormal PV morphology in patients undergoing TTE is unknown. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of using three-dimensional echocardiography in the morphologic assessment of the PV in short-axis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 consecutive patients referred for routine TTE were prospectively evaluated (mean age 64 ± 16 years; 113 males). Live3D and full-volume 3D (FV3D) were performed with the feasibility of visualizing PV morphology assessed. McNemar's test was used as a nonparametric comparator between Live3D and FV3D results and to assess for any significant learning curve. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PV morphology detection rates were significantly different (P < .0001) between Live3D (60%) and FV3D (23%). The optimal plane for Live3D was the parasternal view (99%), using zoom over the PV and rotating to a short-axis image. PV short-axis cusp detection using Live3D was dependent on the initial two-dimensional PV image quality (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Live3D is feasible in evaluating PV short-axis morphology and provides incremental value in the TTE examination.
authors.affiliation: Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, Australia. Natalie_Kelly@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: Natalie F A
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Platts
authors.forename: Darryl J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burstow
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity