title: Virology Experts in the Boundary Zone Between Science, Policy and the Public: A Biographical Analysis.
abstract: This article aims to open up the biographical black box of three experts working in the boundary zone between science, policy and public debate. A biographical-narrative approach is used to analyse the roles played by the virologists Albert Osterhaus, Roel Coutinho and Jaap Goudsmit in policy and public debate. These figures were among the few leading virologists visibly active in the Netherlands during the revival of infectious diseases in the 1980s. Osterhaus and Coutinho in particular are still the key figures today, as demonstrated during the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1). This article studies the various political and communicative challenges and dilemmas encountered by these three virologists, and discusses the way in which, strategically or not, they handled those challenges and dilemmas during the various stages of the field's recent history. Important in this respect is their pursuit of a public role that is both effective and credible. We will conclude with a reflection on the H1N1 pandemic, and the historical and biographical ties between emerging governance arrangements and the experts involved in the development of such arrangements.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science, Innovation and Society (ISIS), Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Rijswoud