title: Anesthetic risk factors associated with early mortality in pediatric liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early mortality in pediatric patients after liver transplantation (30 days) may be due to surgical and anesthetic perioperative factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify anesthetic risk factors associated with early mortality in pediatric patients who undergo liver transplantation (OLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study of all patients who underwent a deceased or living donor liver transplantation evaluated demographic variables of age, weight, gender, degree of malnutrition, and etiology, as well as qualitative variables of anesthesia time, bleeding, massive transfusion, acid-base balance, electrolyte and metabolic disorders, as well as graft prereperfusion postreperfusion characteristics. Chi-square tests with corresponding odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals as well as Interactions were tested among significant variables using multivariate logistic regression models. P < or =.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed 64 OLT among whom early death occurred in 20.3% (n = 13). There were deaths associated with malnutrition (84.6% vs 43.6%) in the control group (P < .01); massive bleeding, 76.9% (n = 10) versus 25.8% in the control group (P < .05) including transfusions in 84.6% (n = 11) versus 43.6% in the control group (P < .03); preperfusion metabolic acidosis in 84.6% (n = 11) versus 72.5% (n = 37; P < .05); posttransplant hyperglycemia in 69.2% (n = 9) versus 23.5% (n = 12; P < .01); and postreperfusion hyperlactatemia in 92.3% (n = 12) versus 68.6% (n = 35; P < .045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prereperfusion metabolic acidosis, postreperfusion hyperlactatemia, and hyperglycemia were significantly more prevalent among patients who died early. However, these factors were exacerbated by malnutrition, bleeding, and massive transfusions. Postreperfusion hypokalemia and hypernatremia showed high but not significant frequencies in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Transplants, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Delegacíon Cuauhtemoc, Mexico. pdelfin1@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Martínez
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Alcaide-Ortega
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Fuentes-García
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hernández-Plata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieto-Zermeño
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes-López
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varela-Fascinetto
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000150:complications; D007223:Infant; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D059035:Perioperative Period / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D007773:Lactates