title: Internalisation of hybrid titanium dioxide/para-amino benzoic acid nanoparticles in human dendritic cells did not induce toxicity and changes in their functions.
abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to penetrate into human skin through lesional skin or follicular structures. Therefore, their ability to interact with dendritic cell (DC) was investigated using DCs generated from monocytes (mono-DCs). Hybrid titanium dioxide/para-amino benzoic acid (TiO(2)/PABA) NPs did not induce any cell toxicity. NPs were internalised into DCs through macropinocytosis and not by a receptor-mediated mechanism. Confocal microscopy showed that NPs were not detected in the nucleus. These data are confirmed by electronic microscopy which demonstrated that hybrid NPs were rapidly in contact with cellular membrane and localised into cytoplasmic vesicles without colocalisation with clathrin-coated vesicles. Hybrid NPs did not induce CD86 or HLA-DR overexpression or cytokine secretion (IL-8 and TNF-α) indicating no DC activation. Internalisation of hybrid NPs did not modify DC response towards sensitisers such as nickel and thimerosal or LPS used as positive controls. Moreover, hybrid NPs did not induce any oxidative stress implicated in DC activation process. After mono-DC irradiation by ultraviolet A (UVA), hybrid NP-treated cells did not produce UVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibited a better cell viability compared with UVA-irradiated control cells, suggesting a protecting effect of hybrid TiO(2)/PABA NPs against UVA-induced ROS.
authors.affiliation: EA 41-69, Université Lyon 1, Pavillon R, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Migdal
authors.forename: Raed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahal
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubod
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Callejon
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colomb
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atrux-Tallau
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haftek
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serres
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daniele
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010873:Pinocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014025:Titanium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014803:Vitamin B Complex; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid