title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery: an international survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated current clinical practice of antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) in surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey administration of AMP to patients without co-morbidity or allergy undergoing surgery, among surgeons indexed as corresponding authors for articles published in general surgery, orthopedics, gynecology, and cardiac surgery journals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,068 surgeons answered (response rate 68%). Of these, 26.1% do not begin infusion of the first antimicrobial dose within 1 h of incision, as suggested by guidelines, and 27.2% continue administering AMP for two or more days after surgery, including 7.6% who continue for four to seven days, in contradiction to the guidelines. There were significant differences between Europe and North America in the selection of AMP regimens. Furthermore, 19% of Europeans order infusion of the first antimicrobial dose during the incision compared with 3.9% of North Americans; 74.2% of Europeans discontinue AMP within 24 h after surgery compared with 86% of North Americans. Finally, 31% of general surgeons in North America administer supplementary oral prophylaxis for colectomy compared with only 5% of European surgeons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AMP strategies in day-to-day self-reported practice differ significantly. Uniform, evidence-based practice is warranted, especially in this era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vangelis G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Alexiou
authors.forename: Vrettos
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ierodiakonou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peppas
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Falagas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009656:North America; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents