title: Occlusal stability of adult Class II Division 1 treatment with the Herbst appliance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During recent years, some articles have been published on Herbst appliance treatment in adult patients, an approach that has been shown to be most effective in Class II treatment in both early and late adulthood. However, no results on stability have yet been published. Our objective was to analyze the short-term occlusal stability of Herbst therapy in adults with Class II Division 1 malocclusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects comprised 26 adults with Class II Division 1 malocclusions exhibiting a Class II molar relationship > or =0.5 cusp bilaterally or > or =1.0 cusp unilaterally and an overjet of > or =4.0 mm. The average treatment time was 8.8 months (Herbst phase) plus 14.7 months (subsequent multi-bracket phase). Study casts from before and after treatment and after an average retention period of 32 months were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After retention, molar relationships were stable in 77.6% and canine relationships in 71.2% of the teeth. True relapses were found in 8.2% (molar relationships) and 1.9% (canine relationships) of the teeth. Overjet was stable in 92.3% and overbite in 96.0% of the patients; true relapse did not occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herbst treatment showed good occlusal stability 2.5 years after treatment in adults with Class II Division 1 malocclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen, Germany. niko.c.bock@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Niko Christian
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Bremen
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult