title: A comparison of oral and written english styles in african american students at different stages of writing development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to compare the rates of using African American English (AAE) grammatical features in spoken and written language at different points in literacy development. Based on Kroll's model (1981), a high degree of similarity in use between the modalities was expected at Grade 3, and lower similarity was expected at Grade 8.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spoken and written language samples were analyzed for the occurrence of 6 AAE morphosyntactic features. Fifteen third graders and 15 eighth graders were asked to respond to interview questions and to retell stories in both modalities. Percentage use of the AAE grammatical features and a dialectal density measure were used to measure rates of AAE occurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated comparable use of dialect in spoken and written modalities for 3(rd) graders, but a difference in use between the modalities for 8(th) graders. The 8(th) graders used more dialectal features in speaking than writing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there is likely a period in writing development when speakers of AAE learn to dialect switch in their writing.
authors.affiliation: The University of Mississippi, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 302 George Hall, University, MS 38677, USA. livy@olemiss.edu
authors.forename: Lennette J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ivy
authors.forename: Julie J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Masterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008922:Mississippi; D010700:Phonetics; D012660:Semantics; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014956:Writing