title: Effects of siltuximab on the IL-6-induced signaling pathway in ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore potential therapeutic strategies for interrupting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway, we measured IL-6 expression in ovarian cancer tissues, and evaluated the effects of a monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody; siltuximab (CNTO 328), on levels of IL-6-induced Stat3 phosphorylation, Stat3 nuclear translocation, and Stat3 downstream antiapoptotic genes. We then looked for enhancing paclitaxel sensitivity in multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expressions of IL-6 in ovarian cancer patient specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Effects of siltuximab on IL-6-induced activation of Stat3 in an ovarian cancer cell line were determined by Western blot and real-time analysis of Stat3 nucleocytoplasmic translocation. Influence of combination of siltuximab and paclitaxel on tumor growth was evaluated in a xenograft mouse mode in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metastatic and drug-resistant recurrent tumors have significantly higher IL-6 expression when compared with the matched primary tumors. Siltuximab specifically suppressed IL-6-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and Stat3 nuclear translocation. Treatment with siltuximab significantly decreased the levels of Stat3 downstream proteins such as MCL-1, Bcl-X(L), and survivin. Treatment with siltuximab reduced expression of multiple IL-6-induced genes in these cell lines. Furthermore, siltuximab increased the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in a paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer cell line in vitro, but combination therapy with siltuximab did not have a significant effect on paclitaxel resistant tumor growth in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that siltuximab effectively block the IL-6 signaling pathways and IL-6-induced gene expression. Blockage of IL-6 signaling may provide benefits for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Michiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Susa
authors.forename: Xianzhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mankin
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hornicek
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D017239:Paclitaxel; C504234:siltuximab