title: An atherogenic lipid profile with low serum paraoxonase-1 activity during nematode infection in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with cardiovascular diseases and underlying atherosclerosis. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase-1 (PON1) enzyme is known to be involved in the protection of serum lipids from such oxidation. Nonetheless, the disturbances of lipid profile during nematode-infected model have not yet been studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in male Wistar rats, a model of human gastrointestinal nematode infections, on hepatic PON1 synthesis and the levels of lipid parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats fed standard and high-fat diets. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured on day 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14 post-infection (PI). Hepatic PONs and pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression levels were evaluated in a standard diet-fed groups, and the disturbances in lipid profile as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL) were measured in high-fat diet-fed groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that N. brasiliensis-infected rats fed the standard diet show a significant reduction in serum PON1 activity and down-regulation of hepatic PON1 mRNA expression as well as up-regulation of hepatic IL-1β, IL-β receptor (R), TNF-α, and TNFR1 mRNA expressions in association with hepatic recruitments of Kupffer cells and neutrohils. In the presence of the high-fat diet, N. brasiliensis infection increases serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL, TBARS and Ox-LDL as well as decreases serum HDL coinciding with a maximum serum PON1 reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection can induce atherogenic lipid profile and reduce serum PON1 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalioubeya, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman Samir
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mido
authors.forename: Bui Khanh
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Linh
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000097:blood*; D009559:Nippostrongylus / Q000254:growth & development*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase