title: In planta production of plant-derived and non-plant-derived adjuvants.
abstract: Recombinant antigen production in plants is a safe and economically sound strategy for vaccine development, particularly for oral/mucosal vaccination, but subunit vaccines usually suffer from weak immunogenicity and require adjuvants that escort the antigens, target them to relevant sites and/or activate antigen-presenting cells for elicitation of protective immunity. Genetic fusions of antigens with bacterial adjuvants as the B subunit of the cholera toxin have been successful in inducing protective immunity of plant-made vaccines. In addition, several plant compounds, mainly plant defensive molecules as lectins and saponins, have shown strong adjuvant activities. The molecular diversity of the plant kingdom offers a vast source of non-bacterial compounds with adjuvant activity, which can be assayed in emerging plant manufacturing systems for the design of new plant vaccine formulations.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granell
authors.forename: Asun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández del-Carmen
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orzáez
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012503:Saponins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D037102:Lectins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012503:Saponins