title: Compensation in the neural circuitry of fear conditioning awakens learning circuits in the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis.
abstract: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is thought to be essential for fear learning. However, extensive training can overcome the loss of conditional fear evident following lesions and inactivation of the BLA. Such results suggest the existence of a primary BLA-dependent and a compensatory BLA-independent neural circuit. We tested the hypothesis that the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) provides this compensatory plasticity. Using extensive context-fear conditioning, we demonstrate that combined BLA and BST lesions prevented fear acquisition and expression. Additionally, protein synthesis in the BST was critical only for consolidation of BLA-independent but not BLA-dependent fear. Moreover, fear acquired after BLA lesions resulted in greater activation of BST regions that receive hippocampal efferents. These results suggest that the BST is capable of functioning as a compensatory site in the acquisition and consolidation of context-fear memories. Unlocking such neural compensation holds promise for understanding situations when brain damage impairs normal function or failure to regulate compensatory sites leads to anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Poulos
authors.forename: Ravikumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ponnusamy
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fanselow
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000032:analysis; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; C546339:Rbfox3 protein, rat