title: Dynamic supported liquid membrane tip extraction of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.
abstract: A dynamic supported liquid membrane tip extraction (SLMTE) procedure for the effective extraction and preconcentration of glyphosate (GLYP) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water has been investigated. The SLMTE procedure was performed in a semi-automated dynamic mode and demonstrated a greater performance against a static extraction. Several important extraction parameters such as donor phase pH, cationic carrier concentration, type of membrane solvent, type of acceptor stripping phase, agitation and extraction time were comprehensively optimized. A solution of Aliquat-336, a cationic carrier, in dihexyl ether was selected as the supported liquid incorporated into the membrane phase. Quantification of GLYP and AMPA was carried out using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. An electrolyte solution consisting of 12 mM histidine (His), 8 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), 75 microM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 3% methanol, pH 6.3, was used as running buffer. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-200 microg/L (GLYP) and 0.1-400 microg/L (AMPA), acceptable reproducibility (RSD 5-7%, n=5), low limits of detection of 0.005 microg/L for GLYP and 0.06 microg/L for AMPA, and satisfactory relative recoveries (90-94%). Due to the low cost, the SLMTE device was disposed after each run which additionally eliminated the possibility of carry-over between runs. The validated method was tested for the analysis of both analytes in spiked tap water and river water with good success.
authors.affiliation: Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. hhsee@ibnusina.utm.my
authors.forename: Hong Heng
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: M Marsin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sanagi
authors.forename: Wan Aini Wan
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007555:Isoxazoles; D016014:Linear Models; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013777:Tetrazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D005998:Glycine; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D063065:Organophosphonates; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate; C418233:2-amino-3-(3-hydrox-5(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid