title: Use of serum biomarkers to predict the development and severity of osteochondrosis lesions in the distal portion of the femur in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of serum biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism to predict the occurrence and severity of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions in the distal portion of the femur in growing swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  71 gilts.
  
  
  METHODS
  At an abattoir, serum samples for analysis of 10 biomarkers indicative of cartilage and bone metabolism were obtained prior to processing of the pigs. The distal portion of each pig's left femur was directly examined and cut into longitudinal sections to evaluate the number and severity of abnormalities on the external surface, articular cartilage, and growth plate. Each specimen was categorized as with (n = 56) or without (15) OC, and an overall OC severity score was assigned to affected pigs. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to predict odds of OC on the basis of biomarker concentrations and predict the severity of OC values in affected pigs, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with values in unaffected pigs, serum concentrations of C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were significantly increased and concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen 3/4-length fragment (C2C) and pyridinoline cross-links were significantly decreased in affected pigs. A 2-fold increase in CPII concentration increased the odds of pigs having OC by a factor of 97 (95% confidence interval, 6 to infinity). Changes in serum C2C concentration accounted for 49% of the variation in overall OC severity score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of serum biomarker concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of OC and aid in reduction of lameness in swine herds.
authors.affiliation: Hill's Pet Nutrition Incorporated, 400 SW 8th St, Topeka, KS 66603, USA.
authors.forename: Nolan Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.forename: Kim G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Friesen
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tokach
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yamka
authors.forename: Tom L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Loughin
authors.forename: Jim L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dritz
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055034:Osteochondrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase