title: Ventilation-perfusion distributions and gas exchange during carbon dioxide-pneumoperitoneum in a porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon dioxide (CO₂)-pneumoperitoneum (PP) of 12 mm Hg increases arterial oxygenation, but it also promotes collapse of dependent lung regions. This seeming paradox prompted the present animal study on the effects of PP on ventilation-perfusion distribution (V/Q) and gas exchange.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen anaesthetized pigs were studied. In seven pigs, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used for spatial analysis of ventilation and perfusion distributions, and in another seven pigs, multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) was used for detailed analysis of V/Q matching. SPECT/MIGET and central haemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were recorded during anaesthesia before and 60 min after induction of PP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPECT during PP showed no or only poorly ventilated regions in the dependent lung compared with the ventilation distribution during anaesthesia before PP. PP was accompanied by redistribution of blood flow away from the non- or poorly ventilated regions. V/Q analysis by MIGET showed decreased shunt from 9 (sd 2) to 7 (2)% after induction of PP (P<0.05). No regions of low V/Q were seen either before or during PP. Almost no regions of high V/Q developed during PP (1% of total ventilation). Pa(o₂) increased from 33 (1.2) to 35.7 (3.2) kPa (P<0.01) and arterial to end-tidal Pco₂ gradient (Pae'(co₂) increased from 0.3 (0.1) to 0.6 (0.2) kPa (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perfusion was redistributed away from dorsal, collapsed lung regions when PP was established. This resulted in a better V/Q match. A possible mechanism is enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences and Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Strang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fredén
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maripuu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hachenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hedenstierna
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D010535:Laparoscopy; D023421:Models, Animal; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D034421:Sus scrofa; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen