title: Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquids under high fructose concentration conditions.
abstract: Acid-promoted, selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) under high fructose concentration conditions was achieved in ionic liquids (ILs) at 80 degrees C. A HMF yield up to 97% was obtained in 8min using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C(4)mim]Cl) catalyzed with 9mol% hydrochloric acid. More significantly, an HMF yield of 51% was observed when fructose was loaded at a high concentration of 67wt% in [C(4)mim]Cl. Water content below 15.4% in the system had little effect on HMF yield, whereas a higher water content was detrimental to both reaction rate and HMF yield. In situ NMR analysis suggested that the transformation of fructose to HMF was a highly selective reaction that proceeded through the cyclic fructofuranosyl intermediate pathway. This work increased our capacity to produce HMF, and should be valuable to facilitate cost-efficient conversion of biomass into biofuels and bio-based products.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zongbao K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Aiqin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D014867:Water; D005632:Fructose; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde