title: Predictors of risk tolerance among oral surgery patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempts to provide insight on how the treatment preference for a mandible fracture and treatment received and its consequences are related to the patient's risk tolerance, as measured by the Standard Gamble (SG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a prospective cohort study of 203 subjects receiving treatment at the former King/Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA, for either a mandible fracture (n = 98) or third molar removal (n = 105) were examined. Subjects were interviewed at 4 time points: on admission to the medical center and at 3 monthly follow-up visits. Risk tolerance for hypothetical treatment scenarios is measured by use of the SG, a health-value utility measure assessing the tradeoff between good outcomes and serious complications associated with treatment. Separate regression analyses with subsets of predictors (sociodemographic, psychosocial health, and clinical characteristics) were conducted and then synthesized by use of the significant predictors in separate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For fracture subjects, there was a noticeable rise in the SG reports from admission to the 1-month follow-up. Their greater risk tolerance was associated with being older, receiving surgery, having a lower post-traumatic stress disorder score, and having a swollen jaw or face. For third molar subjects, SG did not change substantively over the course of the study. Predictors of greater risk tolerance for third molar subjects included the jaw or face being swollen and having to use less pain medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study show a preference for less invasive treatment, with the majority of both groups preferring wiring, and support the theory that treatment choices differ between subjects with different health states. Factors associated with risk tolerance include the patient's age, treatment received, psychosocial health state, experience with previous treatment, and value for oral health quality of life.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA. katchison@conet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Atchison
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Der-Martirosian
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Belin
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Melanie W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gironda
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult