title: The role of peripheral cannabinoid receptors type 1 in rats with visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic restraint stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the possibility that the enhanced nociceptive responsiveness associated with canabonoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) and identify its role in mediating visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic restraint stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were exposed to daily partial restraint stress or sham partial restraint stress with intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle, CB1R agonist or antagonist for 4 consecutive days. We tested the visceromotor reflex to colorectal distention at day 0 and 5. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to assess the expression of CB1Rs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraperitoneal CB1 agonist (ACEA) injection significantly diminished (p < 0.05) the enhanced visceromotor reflex to colorectal distention at day 5 in stressed rats. Change in electromyogram response after ACEA over baseline, at pressure of 40 mmHg (+13.3 +/- 2.2), 60 mmHg (+15.3 +/- 2.8) and 80 mmHg (+17.0 +/- 4.0) were much lower than in the control animals, which were +35.9 +/- 5.1, +41.1 +/- 6.3 and +54.1 +/- 9.6, respectively. Whereas, CB1 antagonist (SR141716A) had an opposite effect. Compared with control group, the change in electromyogram response after SR141716A over baseline was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) for the distending pressure of 40 mmHg (+56.0 +/- 10.3), 60 mmHg (+74.6 +/- 12.3) and 80 mmHg (+82.9 +/- 11.0), respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting demonstrated the stress-induced up-regulation of colon CB1Rs (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest there is a key contribution of peripheral CB1Rs involved in the maintenance of visceral hyperalgesia after repeated restraint stress, providing a novel mechanism for development of peripheral visceral sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Hou