title: Study of the therapeutic effects of proximal intercessory prayer (STEPP) on auditory and visual impairments in rural Mozambique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proximal intercessory prayer (PIP) is a common complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy, but clinical effects are poorly understood, partly because studies have focused on distant intercessory prayer (DIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study used an audiometer (Earscan(R) 3) and vision charts (40 cm, 6 m "Illiterate E") to evaluate 24 consecutive Mozambican subjects (19 males/5 females) reporting impaired hearing (14) and/or vision (11) who subsequently received PIP interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured significant improvements in auditory (P <0.003) and visual (P <0.02) function across both tested populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rural Mozambican subjects exhibited improved audition and/or visual acuity subsequent to PIP. The magnitude of measured effects exceeds that reported in previous suggestion and hypnosis studies. Future study seems warranted to assess whether PIP may be a useful adjunct to standard medical care for certain patients with auditory and/or visual impairments, especially in contexts where access to conventional treatment is limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Religious Studies, Indiana University, 1033 E 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7005, USA. browncg@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Candy Gunther
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mory
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McClymond
mesh_terms: D001299:Audiometry; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009073:Mozambique; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012067:Religion; D012424:Rural Population; D014110:Touch; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D015351:Vision Screening; D014792:Visual Acuity