title: Hypnosis for children undergoing dental treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Managing children is a challenge that many dentists face. Many non-pharmacological techniques have been developed to manage anxiety and behavioural problems in children, such us: 'tell, show & do', positive reinforcement, modelling and hypnosis. The use of hypnosis is generally an overlooked area, hence the need for this review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This systematic review attempted to answer the question: What is the effectiveness of hypnosis (with or without sedation) for behaviour management of children who are receiving dental care in order to allow successful completion of treatment?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Hypnosis has no effect on the outcome of dental treatment of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), and PsycINFO. Electronic and manual searches were performed using controlled vocabulary and free text terms with no language restrictions. Date of last search: 11th June 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children and adolescents aged up to 16 years of age. Children having any dental treatment, such as: simple restorative treatment with or without local anaesthetic, simple extractions or management of dental trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information regarding methods, participants, interventions, outcome measures and results were independently extracted, in duplicate, by two review authors. Authors of trials were contacted for details of randomisation and withdrawals and a quality assessment was carried out. The methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the criteria described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0.2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only three RCTs (with 69 participants) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis and meta-analysis were not possible due to insufficient number of studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there are a considerable number of anecdotal accounts indicating the benefits of using hypnosis in paediatric dentistry, on the basis of the three studies meeting the inclusion criteria for this review there is not yet enough evidence to suggest its beneficial effects.
authors.affiliation: Military Dental Centre, PO Box 454, PC 121, Seeb, Oman.
authors.forename: Sharifa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Harasi
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Moles
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D003729:Dental Care / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic