title: Effects of wheelchair mass on the physiologic responses, perception of exertion, and performance during various simulated daily tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify whether additional manual wheelchair mass above a critical level would produce, during many daily tasks, an increase in physiologic parameters, an increase in the perceived exertion, and a decrease in performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeated-measurement design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six standardized tests thought to mimic daily activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers (N=21), 8 men with spinal cord injuries (SCIs; mean age, 34+/-12y; range, 19-56y) and 13 able-bodied persons (11 men and 2 women; mean, 24+/-5y; range, 18-37y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Random additional masses ("0", 1, 2, 5kg) were placed under the seat of a multisport manual wheelchair (mass approximately 10kg) out of the subject's field of vision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy expenditure (EE; total o(2) consumed), heart rate (total number of beats), perceived exertion (visual analog scale), and performance (seconds to execute a sprint test) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all tests, there was no significant effect of mass found for either group for the EE, heart rate, and performance. In addition, for all tests, no significant effect of mass was found for the SCI group for the visual analog perceived exertion. However, for the able-bodied group, the added mass had a significant effect for the visual analog perceived exertion (F=6.11; P=.02) in the Stop-and-Go test. A post hoc Tukey test showed a significant difference between the 0kg and 5kg mass conditions (P<.01; d=.8), between 1kg and 5kg (P=.02; d=.6), and between 2kg and 5kg (P=.01; d=.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these findings, it can be concluded that, under the conditions of this study, additional mass (up to 5kg) loaded on a multisport manual wheelchair does not seem have any effect on EE, heart rate, or performance and has a minor effect on the visual analog perceived exertion evaluated in many activities of daily living.
authors.affiliation: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis, Valenciennes, France. Yoshimasa.SagawaJunior@meletu.univ-valenciennes.fr
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watelain
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Lepoutre
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thevenon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult