title: Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is required for cytokine induction by a highly 6-branched 1,3-β-D-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans in mouse-derived splenocytes.
abstract: We have previously obtained and elucidated the precise structure of a highly branched 1,3-β-D-glucan (with 6-monoglucopyranosyl side chains), Aureobasidium pullulans-fermented β-D-glucan (AP-FBG), from the fungus A. pullulans. However, the mechanism(s) of the effects of AP-FBG on in vitro mouse primary cells have not been analyzed in detail. Herein, we report that the induction of cytokines by AP-FBG was dependent on the existence of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); this is similar way to be a typical 1,3-β-D-glucan from Sparassis crispa (SCG), which is a 1,3-β-D-glucopyranosyl backbone with single 1,6-β-D-glucopyranosyl side branching units every three residues. In other words, the production of cytokines in DBA/2-mouse-derived splenocytes by AP-FBG was completely hampered by an anti-GM-CSF neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous GM-CSF to C57BL/6-derived splenocytes, which are less sensitive to AP-FBG, induced the production of cytokines by AP-FBG. Therefore, GM-CSF is indispensable for the induction of cytokines by AP-FBG in mouse-derived splenocytes. This finding has provided a new insight into our understanding of the actions of β-D-glucan but will also aid in the design and development of more effective β-D-glucan agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuge
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanioka
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubaki
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D047071:beta-Glucans; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan