title: Risk for cardiovascular events in an Italian population of patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to analyse the risk of cardiovascular events in a local cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, and to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of four algorithms used to estimate cardiovascular risk: the Framingham study, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), Riskard study and Progetto Cuore.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analysed clinical charts of the Diabetes Clinics of Modena for the period 1991-95. Patients in the age range of 35-65 with type 2 diabetes and no previous cardiovascular disease were eligible. The incidence of new cardiovascular disease was compared with estimated rates deriving from the different functions. A stratification was obtained in subgroups at different cardiovascular risk, allowing comparison between the algorithms. A total of 1532 patients were eligible; women presented a worse cardiovascular risk profile. An absolute 10-year rate of cardiovascular events of 14.9% was observed. Comparing patients with events with event-free subjects, we found significant differences in systolic blood pressure, age at visit, smoking, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, duration of diabetes, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and co-morbidities. Comparing the estimated risk rate according to the different functions, Italian algorithms were more consistent with observed data; however, Progetto Cuore and Riskard show underestimation of events when applied to females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimation of cardiovascular risk is dependent on the algorithm adopted and on the baseline risk of the reference cohort. Functions designed for a specific population, including risk variables peculiar for diabetes, should be adopted to increase the performance of such functions which is clearly unsatisfactory at present.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina, Endocrinologia, Metabolismo e Geriatria, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, via Giardini 1355, 41100 Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurantonio
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Giannico
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simonini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganazzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carulli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loria
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolotti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carulli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin