title: Chelidonium majus 30C and 200C in induced hepato-toxicity in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Homeopathy is a popular form of complementary and alternative medicine and is used to treat for certain liver ailments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the efficacy of homeopathic Chelidonium majus (Chel) 30C and 200C in amelioration of experimentally induced hepato-toxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomized into six sub-groups: negative control; negative control+EtOH; positive control; positive control+EtOH group; Chel 30; Chel 200. Rats were sacrificed at day 30, 60, 90 and 120; various toxicity biomarkers and pathological parameters were evaluated. Gelatin zymography for determination of metalloproteinases activity and Western blot of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins were also employed. All analyses were observer blind.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic feeding of p-dimethyl amino azo benzene (p-DAB) and phenobarbital (PB) elevated the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine and bilirubin and lowered the levels of glutathione (GSH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), catalase and HDL-cholesterol. There were statistically significant modulations of these parameters in the treated animals, compared to positive controls. In both treated groups, there was downregulation of metalloproteinases, p53 and Bcl-2 proteins compared to over-expression in the positive control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the potencies of Chel exhibited anti-tumor and anti-oxidative stress potential against artificially induced hepatic tumors and hepato-toxicity in rats. More studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Antara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Surajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Surjyo Jyoti
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Susanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy-Karmakar
authors.forename: Naoual
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boujedaini
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belon
authors.forename: Anisur Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khuda-Bukhsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002273:Carcinogens; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028281:Chelidonium; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000379:methods*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010634:Phenobarbital; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D004124:p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D008419:Materia Medica; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004124:p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene; D010634:Phenobarbital