title: Distal enlargement of the optic nerve sheath in the hyperacute stage of intracerebral haemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) enlargement is detectable in patients with increased intracranial pressure. The aim was to detect an enlargement of the ONSD using optic nerve sonography in patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) within 6 h of the onset of symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one acute ICH patients, 15 age-matched acute ischaemic stroke patients and 16 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled consecutively in this prospective bi-centre observational study. All acute stroke patients underwent brain CT, optic nerve sonography and transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) at admission within 6 h of stroke onset. The ONSD both 3.0 and 12.0 mm behind the globe using optic nerve sonography were recorded and statistically evaluated, as were age, sex, haemorrhage volume and midline shift measured by CT, and blood flow velocities in both middle cerebral arteries using TCCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In acute ICH patients, a significant enlargement of ONSD was detected (p < 0.0083). The best cut-off point to predict ICH volume >2.5 cm³ was the relative ONSD enlargement of > 0.66 mm (> 21 %), with 90.3% accuracy and kappa coefficient 0.760 (95% CI 0.509 to 1.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographically measured enlargement of the ONSD may already be detectable in the hyperacute stage of increased intracranial pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. skoloudik@hotmail.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skoloudík
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Tána
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fadrná
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hradílek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roubec
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelínková
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanák
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Král
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chmelová
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Langová
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanovsky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial