title: Distinct defenses induced in wheat against powdery mildew by acetylated and nonacetylated oligogalacturonides.
abstract: In wheat, little is known about disease resistance inducers and, more specifically, about the biological activities from those derived from endogenous elicitors, such as oligogalacturonides (OGAs). Therefore, we tested the ability of two fractions of OGAs, with polymerization degrees (DPs) of 2-25, to induce resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and defense responses in wheat. One fraction was unacetylated (OGAs-Ac) whereas the second one was 30% chemically acetylated (OGAs+Ac). Infection level was reduced to 57 and 58% relative to controls when OGAs-Ac and OGAs+Ac, respectively, were sprayed 48 h before inoculation. Activities of various defense-related enzymes were then assayed in noninoculated wheat leaves infiltrated with OGAs. Oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase were responsive to both OGAs-Ac and OGAs+Ac, which suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species and oxilipins in OGAs-mediated responses in wheat. In inoculated leaves, both fractions induced a similar increase in H₂O₂ accumulation at the site of fungal penetration. However, only OGAs+Ac led to an increase in papilla-associated fluorescence and to a reduction of formed fungal haustoria. Our work provides the first evidence for elicitation and protection effects of preventive treatments with OGAs in wheat and for new properties of acetylated OGAs.
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, GIS PhyNoPi, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 17 avenue Blériot, BP 699, F-62228 Calais cedex, France. randoux@univ-littoral.fr
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Randoux
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Renard-Merlier
authors.forename: Ghislain
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulard
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossard
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duyme
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanssené
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Courtois
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reignault
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D020171:Botrytis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005658:Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018525:Germination; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; C412763:oligogalacturonic acid