title: Evidence for the major contribution of evaporation to tear film thinning between blinks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the contribution of evaporation to the thinning of the precorneal tear film between blinks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rate of tear film thinning after a blink was measured using spectral interferometry from the right eyes of 37 subjects. Data were obtained under two different conditions: free air and air-tight goggles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (±SD) tear film thinning rates for subjects was 3.22 ± 4.27 μm/min in free air and -0.16 ± 1.78 μm/min (i.e., a slight but not significant thickening) for the same subjects wearing air-tight goggles; this reduction in thinning rates was significant (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large reduction in thinning rate caused by wearing goggles indicates that evaporation is the major cause of thinning between blinks. The mean thinning rate in free air is greater than reported evaporation rates; it is argued that the preocular chambers used in evaporimeters restrict movement of air over the tear film and reduce evaporation compared to our free air condition.
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1280, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: P Ewen
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: King-Smith
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nichols
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D003890:Desiccation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization