title: Strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields greater than 300 tesla in graphene nanobubbles.
abstract: Recent theoretical proposals suggest that strain can be used to engineer graphene electronic states through the creation of a pseudo-magnetic field. This effect is unique to graphene because of its massless Dirac fermion-like band structure and particular lattice symmetry (C3v). Here, we present experimental spectroscopic measurements by scanning tunneling microscopy of highly strained nanobubbles that form when graphene is grown on a platinum (111) surface. The nanobubbles exhibit Landau levels that form in the presence of strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields greater than 300 tesla. This demonstration of enormous pseudo-magnetic fields opens the door to both the study of charge carriers in previously inaccessible high magnetic field regimes and deliberate mechanical control over electronic structure in graphene or so-called "strain engineering."
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Meaker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panlasigui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zettl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guinea
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Castro Neto
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Crommie