title: Lutein improves antioxidant defense in vivo and protects against DNA damage and chromosome instability induced by cisplatin.
abstract: Lutein (LT) is the second most prevalent carotenoid in human serum, and it is abundantly present in dark, leafy green vegetables. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of LT, and its protective effects in vivo against DNA damage and chromosome instability induced by cisplatin (cDDP). For this purpose, we used the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test, and we evaluated the antioxidant effects of LT by determination of enzymatic (catalase-CAT) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione-GSH) activity. Mice were divided into six groups: cDDP, mineral oil (OM), LT groups and LT + cDDP groups. To perform the MN test on peripheral blood (PB) cells, blood samples were collected before the first treatment (T0), and 36 h (T1) and 14 days (T2) after the first treatment. To perform the comet assay, blood samples were collected 4 h after the first and the last treatment. Oxidative capacity was analyzed in total blood that was collected 24 h after the last treatment, when bone marrow (BM) sample was also collected for the MN test. No genotoxic or mutagenic effects of LT were observed for the doses evaluated. We did find that this carotenoid was able to reduce the formation of crosslinks and chromosome instability induced by cDDP. No differences were observed in CAT levels, and LT treatment increased GSH levels compared with a negative control group, reinforcing the role of this carotenoid as an antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. julianaserpeloni@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Juliana Mara
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Serpeloni
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grotto
authors.forename: Adriana Zerlotti
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Pires Bianchi
authors.forename: Lusânia Maria Greggi
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000187:drug effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D014975:Lutein / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D002945:Cisplatin; D014975:Lutein