The changing faces of endoscopic sedation.
The practice of sedation for digestive endoscopy continues to evolve throughout the world. In many countries, there is a trend for increased utilization of sedation during routine endoscopic procedures. Sedation improves patient satisfaction with endoscopy and the willingness to comply with screening guidelines and it improves the quality of examination. Moderate sedation, using a benzodiazepine and an opioid, remains the standard method of sedation in most areas of the world, although propofol, a short-acting hypnotic agent, is being used increasingly in some countries. Controversy regarding the feasibility of endoscopist-directed propofol administration continues, in spite of overwhelming evidence supporting this practice. In the USA, recent revisions in policy by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services may threaten the practice of endoscopist-directed propofol administration. In this article, future trends in sedation practice, including fospropofol and computer-assisted personalized sedation, are discussed.
Shah
Brijen
B
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA.
Cohen
Lawrence B
LB
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D015742:Propofol