title: The relationship between motor abilities and early social development in a preschool cohort of children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between motor ability and early social development in a cohort of preschool children with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 122 children with CP assessed at 18, 24 and 30 months, corrected age (ca). Motor ability was measured by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) with classification assigned by physiotherapists. The sample was representative of a population-based cohort (I=48, 38.4%, II=19, 15.2%, III=17, 13.6%, IV=22, 17.6% and V=19, 15.2%). Social development was measured by the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and included capabilities in social interaction, social communication, interactive play and household/community tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional analyses indicated a significant relationship between motor ability and social development at 18 months, F(4, 56)=11.44, p<.0001, η(2)=.45, at 24 months, F(4, 79)=15.66, p<.0001, η(2)=.44 and at 30 months, F(4, 76)=16.06, p<.0001, η(2)=.49. A longitudinal analysis with a subset of children (N=24) indicated a significant interaction between age at assessment and GMFCS, F(2, 21)=7.02, p=.005, η(2)=.40. Comparison with community norms indicated that at 18 months corrected age, 44.3% of the cohort was greater than two standard deviations below the mean (>2SD) for social development and a further 27.9% of the cohort was greater than one standard deviation below the mean (>1SD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a relationship between motor ability and social development in preschool children with CP. Children with CP may require support for social development in additional to physical interventions, from as early as 18 months.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. koawhittingham@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Koa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whittingham
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rawicki
authors.forename: Roslyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior