title: Evaluation of the Xpert Flu A Panel nucleic acid amplification-based point-of-care test for influenza A virus detection and pandemic H1 subtyping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influenza antigenic point-of-care (POC) tests are too insensitive for individual reliable diagnosis of influenza virus infections without additional laboratory confirmation. Molecular POC tests could be a valuable alternative.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the first influenza molecular POC test commercially available, the Cepheid Xpert Flu A Panel designed to simultaneously detect influenza A virus and subtype A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic virus, and compare it with in-house real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical specimens positive for influenza virus and influenza virus isolates with different viral loads and of different type and subtype were used to determine the analytical reactivity and sensitivity. A panel of pathogen negative specimens and isolates of 19 different respiratory pathogens were used to determine the analytical specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except A(H9N2) virus the Xpert Flu A Panel detected A(H1N1) seasonal and 2009 pandemic, A(H3N2), A(H5N2), A(H5N1) and A(H7N7) viruses and correctly subtyped A(H1N1) 2009 virus. Analytical sensitivity was similar to qRT-PCR in the range of 400-5000 viral particles per ml. However, of most subtypes some specimens with cycle threshold values greater than 30 in qRT-PCR and A(H1N1) 2009 specimens with inconsistent results in the qRT-PCR due to primer or probe mismatches were not detected in the Xpert Flu A Panel. Analytical specificity was 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Xpert Flu A Panel is the first commercially available POC molecular test for detection of influenza A virus and determination of the H1 2009 subtype and is analytically reasonable sensitive compared with qRT-PCR and highly specific and therefore a welcome alternative to antigenic POC tests.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Shireen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jenny
authors.forename: Yaobi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Overduin
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meijer
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral