title: Diagnosis and management of thyroid disease in pregnancy.
abstract: Thyroid disease is common, affecting 1% to 2% of pregnant women. Pregnancy may modify the course of thyroid disease, and pregnancy outcomes can depend on optimal management of thyroid disorders. Consequently, obstetric providers must be familiar with thyroid physiology and management of thyroid diseases in pregnancy. Following a brief overview of physiology, this article provides an in-depth review of diagnosis and management of the spectrum of thyroid disease occurring in pregnancy. Recommendations for screening and treatment of hypo- and hyperthyroidism are summarized. Specific attention is given to the limitations of current research and the status of ongoing work.
authors.affiliation: Combined Obstetrics and Gynecology and Leadership Preventive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. Diana.L.Fitzpatrick@Hitchcock.org
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013958:Thyroid Crisis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013974:Thyroxine