title: The impact of tobacco control policies in Albania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of a tobacco control law adopted in Albania in 2007 and to estimate the share of illicit cigarettes on the market.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis of two waves of a nationally representative household survey, one conducted before the new law went into effect and the other after 2 years. Official sales data were contrasted with the consumption estimate based on the survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smoking prevalence, quit attempts, exposure to cigarette advertising, exposure to second-hand smoke, total cigarette consumption, share of illicit packs among packs possessed by smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the adoption of strong smoke-free policies and adverting restrictions, smoking prevalence in Albania has risen. The increase in prevalence has been driven by higher smoking rates among females (18.9% in 2007 vs 29.3% in 2009) and young adults (23.2% in 2007 vs 38.5% in 2009 among 18-19 year olds). Self-reported exposure to second-hand smoke and cigarette advertising have been reduced since 2007. The majority of respondents are still exposed to second-hand smoke and more than half are exposed to tobacco advertising. Nevertheless, there are signs that the consumption of illicit cigarettes is declining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impacts of smoke-free policies and an advertising ban have been limited due to lack of enforcement and failure to adopt a comprehensive set of tobacco control measures. These measures should include sizeable and regular tobacco tax increases in excess of the general level of inflation and income growth. The decline in the share of illicit cigarettes should improve the effectiveness of the cigarette tax policy.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Suite 900, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. zaloshnja@pire.org
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaloshnja
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000367:Age Factors; D000415:Albania / Q000453:epidemiology; D003415:Crime; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011640:Public Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution