title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of an integrase and novel pharmacoenhancer-containing single-tablet fixed-dose combination regimen for the treatment of HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir (EVG), emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and a investigational pharmacoenhancer, cobicistat (GS-9350, COBI) coformulated as a fixed-dose combination tablet (FDC) compared with ritonavir-boosted EVG and FTC + TDF in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to 1 of 2 sequences. All treatments were administered in the morning for 10 days with food, separated by a 2-day washout. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours with the last dose of each treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four subjects enrolled, 42 subjects completed all periods. All study treatments were generally well tolerated. Relative to ritonavir-boosted EVG, the geometric least-squares means ratios (GMR) [90% confidence interval (CI)] for EVG area under plasma concentration-time curve from time zero until the end of the dosing interval (AUC)tau, maximum concentration (Cmax), and trough concentration (Ctau) were 118 (110 to 126), 108 (100 to 116), and 110 (95.3 to 127), respectively, with EVG/COBI 150 mg/FTC/TDF. Relative to FTC + TDF, FTC GMR, and 90% CI were 127 (115 to 140) for AUCtau, 121 (107 to 137) for Cmax, and 126 (118 to 136) for Ctau; tenofovir (TFV) GMR and 90% CI were 118 (114 to 122), 130 (122 to 138), and 124 (119 to 129) for AUCtau, Cmax, and Ctau, respectively, with EVG/COBI 150 mg/FTC/TDF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixed-dose combination tablet containing COBI 150 mg resulted in desired high EVG Ctau concentrations and clinically equivalent tenofovir and FTC exposures relative to currently approved individual agents and was thus selected for subsequent evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA 94404, USA. polina.german@gilead.com
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kearney
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019427:HIV Integrase; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068698:Tenofovir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D063065:Organophosphonates; D015363:Quinolones; D013607:Tablets; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C509700:elvitegravir; D000068698:Tenofovir; D019427:HIV Integrase; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine