title: Portal vein ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated, but not contralateral lobes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanisms of liver growth and atrophy after portal vein ligation (PVL) and its effects on tumor growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were subjected to PVL, partial hepatectomy, or sham surgery. The morphological alterations, activation of transcription factors, and expression of cytokines and growth factors involved in liver regeneration were evaluated. In a separate set of experiments, murine colorectal carcinoma cells were injected via the portal vein and the effect of each operation on liver tumor growth was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver regeneration after PVL and partial hepatectomy were very similar. In ligated lobes, various cytokines, transcription factors and regulatory factors were significantly upregulated compared to non-ligated lobes after PVL. Atrophy in ligated lobes was a result of early necrosis followed by later apoptosis. Tumor growth was significantly accelerated in ligated compared to non-ligated lobes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor growth was accelerated in ligated liver lobes and appeared to be a result of increased growth factor expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, United States.
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Callisia N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Amit D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Tevar
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Alex B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lentsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001284:Atrophy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006498:Hepatectomy; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins