Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in vaccinated chicken flocks by monitoring antibodies against non-structural protein 1 (NS1).
H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) represent a major global concern in poultries and human health. Avian influenza (AI) vaccines are available but not preferred for field applications, primarily because vaccination interferes with sero-surveillances of AIV infection. To overcome the problem, ELISA systems using non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of AIV as antigens (NS1-ELISA) have been developed to measure anti-NS1 antibodies that are raised in AIV-infected but not in vaccinated chickens. However, some AI-vaccinated chickens having a weak anti-virus immune response may subsequently be infected with AIV and spread the virus. This raises a concern for the validity of NS1-ELISA to detect AIV infection in previously vaccinated chickens. In this study, we developed NS1-ELISA and assessed its feasibility to detect HPAIV infection in chickens previously immunized with H5 or H7 AI vaccines. The results indicated that the NS1-ELISA could identify HPAIV infection in both unvaccinated and vaccinated chickens at 1 week after infection in correlation with results from time-consuming virus isolation tests. Taken together, the NS1-ELISA system would be valuable tool to define HPAIV infection when AI vaccine program is in place.
Takeyama
Natsumi
N
Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 2221-1 Shinmachi 9-chome, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan. n-takeyama@nibs.or.jp
Minari
Kenji
K
Kajihara
Masahiro
M
Isoda
Norikazu
N
Sakamoto
Ryuichi
R
Sasaki
Takashi
T
Kokumai
Norihide
N
Takikawa
Noriyasu
N
Shiraishi
Rikiya
R
Mase
Masaji
M
Hagiwara
Junko
J
Kodama
Toshiaki
T
Imamura
Takashi
T
Sakaguchi
Masashi
M
Ohgitani
Toshiaki
T
Sawata
Akira
A
Okamatsu
Masatoshi
M
Muramatsu
Masatake
M
Tsukamoto
Kenji
K
Lin
Zhifeng
Z
Tuchiya
Kotaro
K
Sakoda
Yoshihiro
Y
Kida
Hiroshi
H
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002645:Chickens; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins