title: Associations among strength, steadiness, and hand function across the adult life span.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age-related differences in force steadiness have been extensively examined and used as an index of motor function. However, the functional relevance of steadiness remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim here was to evaluate the relations among hand strength, steadiness, and function across the adult life span.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five adults (45 women; 18-89 yr) performed three strength, two steadiness, and four functional tests with both hands. Strength was measured during index finger abduction, precision pinch, and handgrip, and steadiness was measured during index finger abduction and precision pinch. Functional tests included the Grooved Pegboard test, the game Operation™, a scissor task, and a tracing task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate correlations were observed between both steadiness tasks and performance on the Grooved Pegboard test (R(2) = 0.57 and R(2) = 0.46, respectively) and Operation™ (R(2) = -0.47 and R(2) = -0.57, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation between measures of steadiness and hand function suggests that the physiological mechanisms responsible for differences in steadiness also contribute to differences in the performance of fine motor tasks with the hand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA. marmon@udel.edu
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marmon
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Enoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult