title: Honey, pollen, and propolis extracts show potent inhibitory activity against the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase.
abstract: Three different honey extracts from the endemic plant in the Black Sea region Rhododendron ponticum, were investigated for their inhibitory effects against the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), more precisely the human (h) isoforms hCA I and hCA II. Hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water solid-phase extractions (SPEs) showed inhibitory activity towards the two CA isozymes which were related to the total phenolic content. The highest inhibitory effects (0.036-0.039 mg/mL) were those of propolis methanolic extract. Among the three different samples investigated here, the aqueous extracts showed lower inhibitory effects compared to the organic solvent SPE extracts (in the range of 1.150- 5.144 mg/mL). The studied honey extracts constitute an interesting source of phenolic derivatives that might serve to identify lead compounds, targeting the physiologically relevant enzymes CA I and CA II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aliyazicioglu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolayli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011429:Propolis; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D015032:Zinc