title: Sagittal and vertical occlusal cephalometric analyses of Pancherz: Norms for Chinese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this research were to establish norms for the sagittal and vertical occlusal cephalometric analyses of Pancherz for Chinese children and compare them with those of a matched white sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material comprised lateral cephalograms of a random sample of 405 southern Chinese children (age, 12 years; 200 boys, 205 girls) and an additional sample of 86 British white children (age, 12 years; 43 boys, 43 girls) in Hong Kong. The radiographs were digitized twice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant sex differences were found for 9 of 11 parameters in the sagittal occlusal analysis, and 6 of 10 in the vertical occlusal analysis in the Chinese sample, whereas there were no sex differences in the sagittal occlusal analysis and only 2 differences in the vertical occlusal analysis in the white sample. Statistically significant ethnic differences were found for 5 parameters in boys and 8 in girls of the 11 parameters in the sagittal analysis. For the vertical analysis, 7 of 10 parameters in both sexes differed significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the sagittal and vertical occlusal analyses of Pancherz, separate sex-specific standards are needed for Chinese and white children.
authors.affiliation: University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. drjohnwu@gmail.com
authors.forename: John Yung Chuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hägg
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pancherz
authors.forename: Ricky Wing Kit
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Colman
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People