title: A computational model of the circulating renin-angiotensin system and blood pressure regulation.
abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is critical in sodium and blood pressure (BP) regulation, and in cardiovascular-renal (CVR) diseases and therapeutics. As a contribution to SAPHIR project, we present a realistic computer model of renin production and circulating RAS, integrated into Guyton's circulatory model (GCM). Juxtaglomerular apparatus, JGA, and Plasma modules were implemented in C ++/M2SL (Multi-formalism Multi-resolution Simulation Library) for fusion with GCM. Matlab optimization toolboxes were used for parameter identification. In JGA, renin production and granular cells recruitment (GCR) are controlled by perfusion pressure (PP), macula densa (MD), angiotensin II (Ang II), and renal sympathetic activity (RSNA). In Plasma, renin and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) activities are integrated to yield Ang I and II. Model vs. data deviation is given as normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE; n points).
  
  
  METHODS
  JGA and Plasma parameters were identified against selected experimental data. After fusion with GCM: (1) GCR parameters were identified against Laragh's PRA-natriuresis nomogram; (2) Renin production parameters were identified against two sets of data ([renin] transients vs. ACE or renin inhibition). Finally, GCR parameters were re-identified vs. Laragh's nomogram (nRMSE 8%, n = 9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) model BP, PRA and [Ang II] are within reported ranges, and respond physiologically to sodium intake; (2) short-term Ang II infusion induces reported rise in BP and PRA. The modeled circulating RAS, in interaction with an integrated CVR, exhibits a realistic response to BP control maneuvers. This construction will allow for modelling hypertensive and CVR patients, including salt-sensitivity, polymorphisms, and pharmacotherapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U927, CHU La Milétrie, 2 rue de la Milétrie, BP 577, 86000 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillaud
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hannaert
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007606:Juxtaglomerular Apparatus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation; D008954:Models, Biological; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D049490:Systems Biology
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012083:Renin