title: Isolation of locally derived stem/progenitor cells from the peri-infarct area that do not migrate from the lateral ventricle after cortical stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurogenesis can arise from neural stem/progenitor cells of the subventricular zone after strokes involving both the cortex and striatum. However, it is controversial whether all types of stroke and strokes of different sizes activate neurogenesis from the subventricular zone niche. In contrast with cortical/striatal strokes, repair and remodeling after mild cortical strokes may involve to a greater extent local cortical stem/progenitor cells and cells from nonneurogenic niches.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared stem/progenitor cell responses after focal cortical strokes produced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion and cortical/striatal strokes produced by the intraluminal suture model. To label migrating neuroblasts from the subventricular zone, we injected DiI to the lateral ventricle after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. By immunohistochemistry, we characterized cells expressing stem/progenitor cell markers in the peri-infarct area. We isolated cortical stem/progenitor cells from the peri-infarct area after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion and assayed their self-renewal and differentiation capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast with cortical/striatal strokes, focal cortical strokes did not induce neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone to the infarct zone after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. By immunohistochemistry, we observed subpopulations of reactive astrocytes in the peri-infarct area that coexpressed radial glial cell markers such as Sox2, Nestin, and RC2. Clonal neural spheres isolated from the peri-infarct area after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Notably, neural spheres isolated from the peri-infarct area also expressed RC2 before differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild cortical strokes that do not penetrate the striatum activate local cortical stem/progenitor cells but do not induce neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone niche.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt, USA.
authors.forename: Issei S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Brittni M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Spees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology