title: Should a complex uropathy be a contraindication for renal transplantation in children?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anatomic and functional disorders of the lower urinary tract represent up to 40% of the causes of renal failure in children. Several centers avoid renal transplantation in these patients because of the high risk of complications and lower graft survival. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of urinary tract abnormalities (UTAs) among our pediatric series, and to compare the frequency of complications, function, and long-term graft survival among patients without versus with UTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-center, retrospective study compared outcomes between pediatric recipients with versus without UTA. We analyzed demographic features, etiology, pretransplant protocol, urinary tract rehabilitation, incidence of complications, rejection events, as well as graft function and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 328 pediatric cases performed between 1998 and 2008, we excluded nine patients due to incomplete medical records, analyzing 319 procedures in 312 patients. Sixty-seven patients (21%) had UTA. The average age, weight, and height at the time of grafting were significantly lower in the urologic group: 11.1 versus 12.6 years, 28.8 versus 34.4 kg; 125.4 versus 138.4 cm, respectively. There were significantly higher frequencies of a transperitoneal approach and vena cavae and aortic anastomoses among patients with UTA (P < .001), posing a greater technical challenge in this population. No differences in creatinine levels were observed at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 years: 1.3 versus 1.6 at 5 years, and 1.4 versus 1.5 at 8 years. Urologic complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), occurred among 80.6% of patients with UTA versus 42.1% in the non-UTA group (P < .001). UTIs appeared predominantly in patients with UTA (62.7% vs 35.3%, P < .001), representing a 2.7-fold risk compared with those children transplanted for other reasons. Rejection incidence was similar in both groups (49.8%). There was no significant difference in 5-y (89.8% vs 85%) or 10-year (83% vs 67%) graft survivals between the groups (P = .162).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that with proper interdisciplinary care, graft and patient survivals of pediatric recipients with UTAs were not affected; therefore, these patients should not be rejected for transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: González-Jorge
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hernández-Plata
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bracho-Blanchet
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Raya-Rivera
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romero-Navarro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes-López
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varela-Fascinetto
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D000075202:Contraindications; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine