Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
Pulmonary disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, manifesting most commonly as interstitial lung disease, airways disease, rheumatoid nodules, and pleural effusions. The diagnostic assessment of respiratory abnormalities is complicated by underlying risk for infection, the use of drugs with known pulmonary toxicity, and the frequency of lung disease related to rheumatoid arthritis itself. Evaluation and management of rheumatoid arthritis-associated pulmonary disease frequently necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
Antin-Ozerkis
Danielle
D
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA. danielle.antin-ozerkis@yale.edu
Evans
Janine
J
Rubinowitz
Ami
A
Homer
Robert J
RJ
Matthay
Richard A
RA
D000069594:Abatacept; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006046:Gold / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000963:Antimetabolites; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006046:Gold; D000069594:Abatacept; D010396:Penicillamine