title: Molecular diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with tuberculosis in Honduras.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis persists as a public health problem in Honduras. A better knowledge of the molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains will contribute to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease within the country. The aim of this study was to provide an insight of the genetic biodiversity of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates collected in Honduras between 1994 and 2002. Genotyping was performed using spoligotyping and RFLP. The spoligotypes obtained were compared with the SITVIT2 proprietary database of the Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spoligotyping grouped 84% of the isolates into 27 clusters (2 to 43 strains per cluster). Of the 44 shared international types (SITs) identified among the Honduran stains, 8 SITs were newly identified either within the present study or after match with an orphan type previously identified in the SITVIT2 database. In addition, 16 patterns corresponded to orphan, previously unreported isolates.The Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) lineage was the most common in this study; 55% of the strains belonged to this family. Other genotypes found were Haarlem (16%), T (16%), X-clade (6%), Unknown signature (5%) and S (1%). Only one Beijing strain was identified (0.5%).We observed a high degree of diversity after characterizing the 43 isolates belonging to the main spoligotyping cluster (SIT 33, LAM3) with IS6110-RFLP. A total of 35 different RFLP-fingerprints were detected, of which 6 patterns corresponded to the same number of clusters comprising 14 strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings obtained in this study show that tuberculosis transmission in Honduras is due to modern M. tuberculosis lineages with high level of biodiversity.
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. senia.rosales@smi.se
authors.forename: Senia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.forename: Lelany
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pineda-García
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghebremichael
authors.forename: Nalin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Sven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hoffner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006721:Honduras / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D055815:Young Adult