title: Mitigation of cytokine storm by intraoperative use of renal replacement therapy during combined liver-kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined liver-kidney transplantation (CLKT) is a widely used multiorgan transplantation with good graft survival rates. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. This observation led us to use intraoperative continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) during multiorgan transplantations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed (CRP) inflammatory response parameters of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin(IL)-6, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at various stages of the combined transplantations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients survived with well-functioning grafts. Mean +/- SD follow-up was 32.8 +/- 14.2 months. During the whole operation we used intraoperative CVVH starting at the beginning and continuing in the intensive care unit (ICU) afterward (mean +/- SD, 11.2 +/- 8.4 hours). Intraoperative TNFalpha, IL-6, CRP, and PCT were measured before surgery, during hepatectomy in the anhepatic phase, before and after liver reperfusion, exactly before kidney reperfusion, after kidney reperfusion, and upon arrival in the ICU. The wash-out of cytokines together with hemodynamic stability gave optimal circumstances for recovery of the transplanted organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVVH-based therapy offered stable intraoperative parameters, prevention of fluid overload, correction of metabolic disturbances, and wash-out of cytokines, which gave optimal circumstances for recovery of transplanted organs.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation and Surgical Department, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. drfehervariimre@t-online.hu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fehervari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fazakas
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gerlei
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kobori
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein