title: Lowering of IOP by echothiophate iodide in pseudophakic eyes with glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively investigated the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of echothiophate iodide (EI) as adjunctive treatment for pseudophakic glaucoma patients who were receiving maximal medical therapy (MMT), including the newer class of medications, i.e., prostaglandin analogs, alpha-2 agonists, and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all pseudophakic glaucoma patients (24 eyes) under MMT who received supplementary EI 0.125% between January 2002 and December 2003 were reviewed. IOP data and number of medications before, during and after EI treatment were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adding EI to MMT further reduced IOP in 23 of 24 eyes. Three eyes (12.5%) showed some lowering of IOP, but not enough to be considered controlled (IOP above the target pressure). The mean baseline IOP of 30.4 +/- 8.2 mmHg (median 29 mmHg) dropped at final follow-up (11.2 +/- 3.9 months) to 16.6 +/- 4.2 mmHg (median 17 mmHg, p < 0.0001) in all eyes that had showed effective pressure reduction upon the addition of EI. Their IOP rose to 27.7 +/- 8.0 mmHg (median 28 mmHg, p < 0.001) when EI was discontinued because of commercial non-availability. IOP reduction was > or =20% in 18 (75%) eyes and > or =30% (a mean decrease of 16.7 +/- 8.3mmHg) in 15 eyes (63%). Four eyes (16.6%) required a trabeculectomy despite EI supplement. Five eyes were re-challenged with EI when a small amount was released for sale: their IOP of 26.6 +/- 7.1 mmHg after the first EI discontinuation had dropped to 16.4 +/- 4.3 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and rose to 29.6 +/- 7.1 mmHg when EI was again discontinued. The recorded EI-associated side effects were increased miosis in all eyes and headache (8/24 patients), neither of which were reasons for discontinuation of the drug in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EI substantially decreased the IOPs in pseudophakic glaucoma eyes receiving maximal medical therapy, including the newer class of medications. This drug may be the last resort for post-cataract advanced glaucoma patients and may obviate the need for filtering surgery among the very elderly.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Starnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Yosefa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buckman
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segev
authors.forename: Elia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levinger
authors.forename: Orna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014130:Trabeculectomy
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide