title: A phase 2 study of the oral mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, everolimus, in patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the gene that encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA, are the most common mutations in endometrial carcinoma (EC). Loss of PTEN or activation of PIK3CA results in constitutive activation of AKT, which leads to up-regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Everolimus is an oral rapamycin analog that acts by selectively inhibiting mTOR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-institution, open-labeled, phase 2 study of everolimus in patients with measurable recurrent EC who had failed at least 1 and no more than 2 prior chemotherapeutic regimens was performed. Everolimus was administered at a dose of 10 mg orally daily for 28-day cycles. Patients were treated until disease progression or toxicity. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit response (CBR), defined as a confirmed complete or partial response or prolonged stable disease (SD) (≥8 weeks). Inclusion was limited to patients with endometrioid histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 35 patients were enrolled (median age, 58 years; range, 38-81 years). A total of 81 cycles were administered. Twelve of 28 (43%) evaluable patients had not developed disease progression at the time of the first objective evaluation (8 weeks). All these patients had SD (median, 4.5 cycles; range, 2-10 cycles). Six of the 28 (21%) patients had a confirmed CBR at 20 weeks of therapy. Patients with CBR discontinued treatment because of toxicity (6 patients), disease progression (5 patients), and noncompliance (1 patient). Seven patients were unevaluable after receiving ≤1 cycle because of toxicity (5 patients) or noncompliance (2 patients). The most common drug-related toxicities were fatigue, anemia, pain, lymphopenia, and nausea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Everolimus demonstrated encouraging single-agent CBR in pretreated patients with recurrent endometrioid EC. Future studies will evaluate this agent in combination with hormonal and/or cytotoxic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. brian.slomovitz@atlantichealth.org
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Slomovitz
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Taren
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munsell
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Broaddus
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Lois M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ramondetta
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gershenson
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068338:Everolimus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000068338:Everolimus; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus