title: Long-term follow-up of patients with follicular lymphoma receiving single-agent rituximab at two different schedules in trial SAKK 35/98.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the long-term results of a randomized clinical trial comparing induction therapy with once per week for 4 weeks single-agent rituximab alone versus induction followed by 4 cycles of maintenance therapy every 2 months in patients with follicular lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (prior chemotherapy 138; chemotherapy-naive 64) received single-agent rituximab and if nonprogressive, were randomly assigned to no further treatment (observation) or four additional doses of rituximab given at 2-month intervals (prolonged exposure).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 9.5 years and with all living patients having been observed for at least 5 years, the median event-free survival (EFS) was 13 months for the observation and 24 months for the prolonged exposure arm (P < .001). In the observation arm, patients without events at 8 years were 5%, while in the prolonged exposure arm they were 27%. Of previously untreated patients receiving prolonged treatment after responding to rituximab induction, at 8 years 45% were still without event. The only favorable prognostic factor for EFS in a multivariate Cox regression was the prolonged rituximab schedule (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.88; P = .009), whereas being chemotherapy naive, presenting with stage lower than IV, and showing a VV phenotype at position 158 of the Fc-gamma RIIIA receptor were not of independent prognostic value. No long-term toxicity potentially due to rituximab was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An important proportion of patients experienced long-term remission after prolonged exposure to rituximab, particularly if they had no prior treatment and responded to rituximab induction.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Divisione di Ematologia, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Shu-Fang Hsu
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Utiger
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cerny
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Emmie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okkinga
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stupp
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stahel
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heizmann
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vorobiof
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lohri
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zucca
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghielmini
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D000069283:Rituximab; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000069283:Rituximab