title: Effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate supplementation on follicular integrity of vitrified-warmed mouse ovarian grafts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigates the effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) supplementation on follicular integrity and apoptosis in vitrified-warmed mouse ovarian grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovaries from 4-week-aged ICR mice were vitrified using a vitrification solution with or without 2 μM S1P. After warming, follicular normality was assessed by histological analysis and TUNEL assay. A part of ovaries vitrified with or without 2 μM S1P was transplanted, and 2 weeks later, gross and microscopic follicular morphology was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During vitrification and warming, inclusion of 2 μM S1P into the vitrification solution significantly raised the rate of morphologically intact follicles compared to controls (36.6% vs. 30.8%, p=0.047). This protective effect was profound especially in primordial follicles (45.5% vs. 34.6%, p=0.034). After transplantation of vitrified-warmed ovaries, the morphological integrity of primordial follicles was superior in the S1P-treated group (55.0% vs. 39.4%, p=0.035). The rates of non-apoptotic follicles (TUNEL-negative) were similar in the two groups in either non-transplanted or transplanted ovaries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inclusion of S1P in the vitrification solution during transplantation of vitrified-warmed ovary had a beneficial effect on preservation of the primordial follicular pool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.forename: Jung Ryeol
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Youm
authors.forename: Chang Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects*; D010053:Ovary / Q000637:transplantation*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D058989:Vitrification
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D013110:Sphingosine