title: Expression pattern of a Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein in early embryonic development of Artemia sinica and after bacterial challenge.
abstract: Gram-negative bacteria-binding proteins (GNBPs) are important pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in invertebrate innate immune systems. These immune proteins are capable of identifying and binding to specific targets on the surface of microorganisms, and thereby trigger a variety of defense reactions through the activation of protease cascades and intracellular immune signaling pathways. In this paper, a full-length cDNA of GNBP coding for a conserved β-glucan-binding domain was isolated from Artemia sinica. Bioinformatic analysis showed that it belonged to a new member of the GNBP family. The expression of GNBP was investigated at various stages during the embryonic development of A. sinica using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry assay. The result showed that the highest expression level was on the 10th day of the embryo. The larvae showed a remarkable down-regulation of GNBP transcript after challenged with Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the level of GNBP transcript in the larvae increased gradually after challenged with Gram-positive bacteria. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that during embryonic development, GNBP protein was mainly expressed in the head, thorax, and on the alimentary canal surface. This new GNBP member showed a constitutive and regional expression during the early embryonic development of A. sinica, and may therefore play an important role at the adult stage, as well as during infection.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, No. 850 Huanghe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116029, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Alan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000145:classification / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007814:Larva; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition