title: Acute stimulation of white adipocyte respiration by PKA-induced lipolysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation and cAMP-elevating agents on respiration and mitochondrial uncoupling in human adipocytes and probed the underlying molecular mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxygen consumption rate (OCR, aerobic respiration) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, anaerobic respiration) were examined in response to isoproterenol (ISO), forskolin (FSK), and dibutyryl-cAMP (DB), coupled with measurements of mitochondrial depolarization, lipolysis, kinase activities, and gene targeting or knock-down approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ISO, FSK, or DB rapidly increased oxidative and glycolytic respiration together with mitochondrial depolarization in human and mouse white adipocytes. The increase in OCR was oligomycin-insensitive and contingent on cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-induced lipolysis. This increased respiration and the uncoupling were blocked by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and its regulator, BAX. Interestingly, compared with lean individuals, adipocytes from obese subjects exhibited reduced OCR and uncoupling capacity in response to ISO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipolysis stimulated by βAR activation or other maneuvers that increase cAMP levels in white adipocytes acutely induces mitochondrial uncoupling and cellular energetics, which are amplified in the absence of scavenging BSA. The increase in OCR is dependent on PKA-induced lipolysis and is mediated by the PTP and BAX. Because this effect is reduced with obesity, further exploration of this uncoupling mechanism will be needed to determine its cause and consequences.
authors.affiliation: Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Einav
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yehuda-Shnaidman
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buehrer
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000332:Aerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D007546:Isoquinolines; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D005576:Colforsin; D003994:Bucladesine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007545:Isoproterenol; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide