New insights for development of a safe and protective RSV vaccine.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children <1 year old, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is currently no RSV vaccine. In the 1960s, a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine trial led to exacerbated disease upon natural infection of vaccinees, including two deaths. The causes involved in the disastrous results of these vaccine trials are still unclear but they remain the engine for searching new avenues to develop a safe vaccine that can provide long-term protection against this important pathogen. This article reviews some of the early history of RSV vaccine development,as well as more recent information on the interaction between RSV and the host innate and adaptive immune responses. A safe and efficacious vaccine for RSV will require "re-education" of the host immune response against RSV to prevent vaccine-enhanced or severe RSV disease.
Blanco
Jorge C G
JC
Virion Systems Inc., Rockville, MD, USA. jblanco@virionsystmes.com
Boukhvalova
Marina S
MS
Shirey
Kari Ann
KA
Prince
Gregory A
GA
Vogel
Stefanie N
SN
D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
C526850:F protein, human respiratory syncytial virus; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins