title: Gene flow between the Korean peninsula and its neighboring countries.
abstract: SNP markers provide the primary data for population structure analysis. In this study, we employed whole-genome autosomal SNPs as a marker set (54,836 SNP markers) and tested their possible effects on genetic ancestry using 320 subjects covering 24 regional groups including Northern (=16) and Southern (=3) Asians, Amerindians (=1), and four HapMap populations (YRI, CEU, JPT, and CHB). Additionally, we evaluated the effectiveness and robustness of 50K autosomal SNPs with various clustering methods, along with their dependencies on recombination hotspots (RH), linkage disequilibrium (LD), missing calls and regional specific markers. The RH- and LD-free multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) method showed a broad picture of human migration from Africa to North-East Asia on our genome map, supporting results from previous haploid DNA studies. Of the Asian groups, the East Asian group showed greater differentiation than the Northern and Southern Asian groups with respect to Fst statistics. By extension, the analysis of monomorphic markers implied that nine out of ten historical regions in South Korea, and Tokyo in Japan, showed signs of genetic drift caused by the later settlement of East Asia (South Korea, Japan and China), while Gyeongju in South East Korea showed signs of the earliest settlement in East Asia. In the genome map, the gene flow to the Korean Peninsula from its neighboring countries indicated that some genetic signals from Northern populations such as the Siberians and Mongolians still remain in the South East and West regions, while few signals remain from the early Southern lineages.
authors.affiliation: Syntekabio Inc., Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hoyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yoon Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ji Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Min Hyung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Hye Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jeong-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bermseok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhak
authors.forename: Hyung-Lae
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D051456:Gene Flow / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D056910:Republic of Korea