title: Spiritual well-being among older african americans in a midwestern city.
abstract: More than many other cities in America, older African Americans in Milwaukee, WI contend with negative environmental, socio-economic and health challenges in one of the most hyper-segregated cities in America. This research examines the role of spirituality and religion in their lives and the ways that spirituality and religious affiliation contribute to their quality of life. Over 500 elderly respondents aged 55-105 completed a questionnaire. The analysis found: (a) strong identification with religious institutions and high levels of attendance and participation in religious activities, (b) a substantial number felt support from fellow church members, and (c) strong reliance on spirituality and their sense of connection to God as sources of strength in coping with personal challenges. This study adds to the findings of other research done which stressed the importance of spirituality, religious practice and congregational assistance in serving critical survival functions for older African Americans. This is the first such research done, however, reporting on Milwaukee's African American older adults. This study used mixed methods of research, conducting both a descriptive statistical analysis of African American elderly in Milwaukee County to develop a profile while simultaneously gathering, where possible, qualitative data as well, in the form of narratives, written comments and field notes of first hand observations on this growing population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Policy and Community Studies, Institute for Intercultural Research, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. glw@uwm.edu
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keigher
authors.forename: Agnes Virginia
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D029181:Spirituality