title: The effect of injections of botulinum toxin type A combined with casting on the equinus gait of children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of adding inhibitory casting to the treatment of young children with cerebral palsy who received injections of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) to gastrocnemius for equinus gait. Of the 20 patients in the series, 11 in group A had inhibitory casts applied on the day of the first set of BoNT-A injections and nine in group B did not have casting. Both groups received another BoNT-A injection four months later. The patients were followed for eight months and examined at five intervals. Both groups showed significant improvement in gait parameters and function (p < 0.0001) and selective motor control (p = 0.041, - 0.036) throughout the study. Group A had significantly better passive dorsiflexion of the ankle (p = 0.029), observational gait score (p = 0.006) and selective motor control (p = 0.036). We conclude that the addition of inhibitory casting enhances and prolongs the results of treatment and mainly influences the passive range of movement, while BoNT-A mostly influences the dynamic motion. The second injection further improved the results of most parameters. The gross motor function measure, the selective motor control test and the modified Tardieu scale correlated well with the results of treatment. We recommend the use of inhibitory casting whenever augmentation of the effect of treatment with BoNT-A is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel. shayek@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gershon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wientroub
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yizhar
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A