title: Ultra-sensitive voltammetric sensor for trace analysis of carbamazepine.
abstract: A multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used for the voltammetric determination of carbamazepine (CBZ). The results showed that this simple modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of CBZ. The voltammetric response of CBZ at this film-modified electrode increased significantly when compared with that at a bare glassy carbon electrode and the sensor response was reproducible. The proposed method was applied to the quantification of CBZ in wastewater samples, collected in a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methodology yields results in accord with those obtained by chromatographic techniques commonly used in the quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in real samples. Good recoveries have been obtained and the limits of detection and quantification (40 and 140 nM, respectively) are among the lowest that have been reported to date for this pharmaceutical compound using voltammetric techniques.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Evora University, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho n. degrees 59, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alfredina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dordio
authors.forename: A J Palace
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Dora Martins
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Jorge Ginja
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D057230:Limit of Detection; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine