title: Shared risk factors for distinct geriatric syndromes in older Taiwanese inpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying shared common risk factors of geriatric syndromes is clinically useful in designing a unified approach to optimizing geriatric care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify older Taiwanese inpatients' common shared risk factors among seven distinct geriatric syndromes: malnutrition, depression, cognitive impairment, functional dependence, incontinence, pressure ulcers, and dehydration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, hospital-wide survey was conducted to enroll inpatients (N = 455) older than 65 years and admitted to 24 medical and surgical units in a 2,200-bed urban academic medical center in northern Taiwan. Malnutrition was defined as a Mini-Nutritional Assessment score less than 17.5, depression was defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score more than 10, cognitive impairment was considered a Mini-Mental State Examination score less than 20, and functional dependence was defined as a Barthel Index score less than 50. Incontinence, pressure ulcers, and dehydration were extracted from patients' medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants had a mean age of 75.3 years (SD = 6.1 years, range = 65-92 years). The prevalence of geriatric syndromes ranged from 5% (pressure ulcers) to 33% (malnutrition). The selected geriatric syndromes were shown through logistic regression analysis to be predicted by female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57-2.75), functional status (OR = 0.94-0.99), cognitive status (OR = 0.82-0.95), nutritional status (OR = 0.74-0.93), and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07-1.26), supporting the notion of shared risk factors in geriatric syndromes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the theory that common geriatric syndromes have a shared set of risk factors-female gender, depressive symptoms, and functional, cognitive, and nutritional status. Revising care to target these shared risk factors in preventing common geriatric syndromes is theoretically sound.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. cherylchen@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Cheryl Chia-Hui
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Tzu
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Chung-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Guan-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003681:Dehydration / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013577:Syndrome; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*