title: Reassuring and managing patients with concerns about swine flu: qualitative interviews with callers to NHS Direct.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the early stages of the 2009 swine flu (influenza H1N1) outbreak, the large majority of patients who contacted the health services about the illness did not have it. In the UK, the NHS Direct telephone service was used by many of these patients. We used qualitative interviews to identify the main reasons why people approached NHS Direct with concerns about swine flu and to identify aspects of their contact which were reassuring, using a framework approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  33 patients participated in semi-structured interviews. All patients had telephoned NHS Direct between 11 and 14 May with concerns about swine flu and had been assessed as being unlikely to have the illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reasons for seeking advice about swine flu included: the presence of unexpectedly severe flu-like symptoms; uncertainties about how one can catch swine flu; concern about giving it to others; pressure from friends or employers; and seeking 'peace of mind.' Most participants found speaking to NHS Direct reassuring or useful. Helpful aspects included: having swine flu ruled out; receiving an alternative explanation for symptoms; clarification on how swine flu is transmitted; and the perceived credibility of NHS Direct. No-one reported anything that had increased their anxiety and only one participant subsequently sought additional advice about swine flu from elsewhere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future major incidents involving other forms of chemical, biological or radiological hazards may also cause large numbers of unexposed people to seek health advice. Our data suggest that providing telephone triage and information is helpful in such instances, particularly where advice can be given via a trusted, pre-existing service.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre (PO62), Cutcombe Road, London SE59RJ, UK. g.rubin@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: G James
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amlôt
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Large
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D013222:State Medicine; D055815:Young Adult