Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in arthritis animal models: roles in the early phase of transition from acute to chronic inflammation and relevance for human rheumatoid arthritis.
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is the major target of the therapeutic approach in rheumatoid arthritis. A key issue in the approach to chronic arthritis is the understanding of the crucial molecules driving the transition from the acute phase to the chronic irreversible phase of the disease. In this review we analyzed five experimental arthritis animal models (antigen-induced arthritis, adjuvant-induced arthritis, streptococcal cell wall arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis and SKG) considered as possible scenarios to facilitate interpretation of the biology of human rheumatoid arthritis. The SKG model is strictly dependent on interleukin (IL)-6. In the other models, IL-1β and IL-6, more than TNF-α, appear to be relevant in driving the transition, which suggests that these should be the targets of an early intervention to stop the course toward the chronic form of the disease.
Ferraccioli
Gianfranco
G
Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. gf.ferraccioli@rm.unicatt.it
Bracci-Laudiero
Luisa
L
Alivernini
Stefano
S
Gremese
Elisa
E
Tolusso
Barbara
B
De Benedetti
Fabrizio
F
D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000473:pathology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000473:pathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha