title: Adiponectin gene polymorphisms are associated with long-chain ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids in nondiabetic Koreans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoadiponectinemia is caused by interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the quality of dietary fats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) with dietary fat intake or fatty acid (FA) composition in serum phospholipids, plasma adiponectin, and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nondiabetic subjects (n = 1194) were genotyped for three ADIPOQ SNPs (-11377C>G; 45T>G; 276G>T) after screening of eight sites. Dietary fat intake, FA composition in serum phospholipids, adiponectin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 276G carriers (n = 1082) showed lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.024) and adiponectin (P < 0.001) but higher glucose (P = 0.015) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.005) than 276T/T subjects (n = 112). No associations were found in other SNPs. After adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and the proportion of 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 (biomarkers of long term essential FA intake), the 276G carriers showed lower proportions of total ω3FA (P = 0.026), 20:5ω3 (P = 0.021), and 22:5ω3 (P = 0.024) in serum phospholipids. Among FAs in serum phospholipids, 18:2ω6 highly correlated with ω3-polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) intake (r = 0.260, P < 0.001) and adiponectin (r = 0.150, P < 0.001). The 276G carriers with a higher proportion of 18:2ω6 (≥12.5%) exhibited more pronounced characteristics, i.e. lower adiponectin (P < 0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.004), higher HOMA-IR (P = 0.013), and lower long-chain ω3PUFAs (20:5ω3, 22:5ω3, and 22:6ω3, P < 0.001). Additionally, the effect of 276G>T on the relationship between adiponectin and HOMA-IR was modified by 18:2ω6 proportion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADIPOQ 276G is associated with reduced proportion of long-chain ω3PUFAs in serum phospholipids in nondiabetic Koreans.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Cardiovascular Genome Center and Severance Medical Research institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bumsik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yangsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jean Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Oh Yoen
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010743:Phospholipids