title: Serine- and arginine-rich proteins 55 and 75 (SRp55 and SRp75) induce production of HIV-1 vpr mRNA by inhibiting the 5'-splice site of exon 3.
abstract: HIV-1 non-coding exon 3 can either be spliced to exons 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, and 5 to generate tat, rev, and nef mRNAs or remain unspliced to produce the 13a7 vpr mRNA. Here we show that serine- and arginine-rich proteins 55 and 75 (SRp55 and SRp75) inhibit splicing from the 5'-splice site of exon 3 thereby causing an accumulation of the partially unspliced 13a7 vpr mRNA. In contrast, serine- and arginine-rich protein 40 (SRp40) induces splicing from exon 3 to exon 4, thereby promoting the production of the 1347 tat mRNA. We demonstrate that SRp55 stimulates vpr mRNA production by interacting with the previously identified HIV-1 splicing enhancer named GAR and inhibiting its function. This inhibition requires both serine arginine-rich and RNA-binding domains of SRp55, indicating that production of HIV-1 vpr mRNA depends on the interaction of SRp55 with an unknown factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry & Microbiology Biomedical Center, BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tranell
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fenyö
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000502:physiology*; D005091:Exons / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022821:RNA Splice Sites / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C081934:SRSF4 protein, human; C489470:SRSF6 protein, human; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514912:vpr protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors