title: Regulation of the NRSF/REST gene by methylation and CREB affects the cellular phenotype of small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: The neuron-restrictive silencer factor/RE1-silencing transcription factor (NRSF/REST) is a negative regulator of gene expression restricting the expression of neuronal genes to the nervous system. NRSF/REST is highly expressed in non-neuronal tissues like the lung. In previous work, we identified small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines with no detectable NRSF/REST expression that, as a consequence, expressed neuronal markers like L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). The loss of NRSF/REST expression was linked to malignant progression; however, its mechanistic role remained elusive. Here, we show that NRSF/REST itself, rather than one of its regulated genes, acts like a classic tumour suppressor, being in part regulated by methylation. In SCLCs, NRSF/REST is positively regulated by CREB, with an NRSF/REST promoter fragment showing cell type specificity. Downstream, NRSF/REST directly regulates AKT2, in which NRSF/REST loss leads to an epidermal growth factor-mediated de-regulation of AKT-Serine473 phosphorylation, important for cellular proliferation and survival. Assaying anchorage-independent growth, we observed that with reduced NRSF/REST expression, proliferation was significantly enhanced, whereas NRSF/REST rescue decreased the potential of cells to grow anchorage independently. Our observations support the fact that NRSF/REST may act as an important modulator of malignant progression in SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreisler
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Strissel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strick
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C046375:NRSN1 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; C494363:CREBBP protein, human