title: Determination of hepatic galactose elimination capacity using 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose PET/CT: reproducibility of the method and metabolic heterogeneity in a normal pig liver model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A PET method is developed for non-invasive measurement of regional metabolic liver function using the galactose analog 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose, FDGal. The aim of the present study was to determine the reproducibility of the method in pigs before translating it to human studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five anesthetized pigs were studied twice within an interval of three days. A dynamic PET recording was performed with an injection of 100 MBq FDGal. Non-radioactive galactose was administered throughout the PET recordings to achieve near-saturated elimination kinetics. Arterial blood samples were collected for determination of blood concentrations of FDGal and galactose (c(gal)). Net metabolic clearance of FDGal, K(FDGal), was calculated from linear representation of data. The approximate maximal hepatic removal rate, V(max), of galactose (mmol/l tissue/min) was calculated as K(FDGal) c(gal). The estimates from Day 1 and Day 2 were compared and the coefficient of variation, COV, of the estimates calculated. Functional heterogeneity in normal pig liver was evaluated as COV of the tissue concentration of radioactivity during quasi steady-state metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between V(max) from Day 1 and Day 2 (p = 0.38), and the reproducibility was good with a COV of 14% for the whole liver. In normal pig liver tissue, mean COV after an injection of FDGal was on average 15.6% with no day-to-day variation (p = 0.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel FDGal PET method for determination of hepatic metabolic function has a good reproducibility and is promising for future human studies of regional liver function.
authors.affiliation: PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. michael@pet.auh.dk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005690:Galactose