title: Anti-inflammatory activity of n-propyl gallate through down-regulation of NF-κB and JNK pathways.
abstract: The present study aimed to assess anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism of n-propyl gallate, the n-propyl ester of gallic acid. n-Propyl gallate was shown to contain anti-inflammatory activity using two experimental animal models, acetic acid-induced permeability model in mice, and air pouch model in rats. It suppressed production of nitric oxide and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It was able to diminish reactive oxygen species level elevated in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It also suppressed gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 enhanced in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It inhibited inhibitory κB-α degradation and enhanced NF-κB promoter activity in the stimulated macrophage cells. It was able to suppress phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and activation of c-Jun promoter activity in the stimulated macrophage cells. In brief, n-propyl gallate possesses anti-inflammatory activity via down-regulation of NF-κB and JNK pathways.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo-Kwang
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Byung-Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kisup
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kyunghoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Myeong
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011435:Propyl Gallate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases