title: Resting frontal EEG asymmetry as an endophenotype for depression risk: sex-specific patterns of frontal brain asymmetry.
abstract: Resting frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry has been hypothesized as a marker of risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), but the extant literature is based predominately on female samples. Resting frontal asymmetry was assessed on 4 occasions within a 2-week period in 306 individuals aged 18-34 (31% male) with (n = 143) and without (n = 163) lifetime MDD as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Lifetime MDD was linked to relatively less left frontal activity for both sexes using a current source density (CSD) reference, findings that were not accounted for solely by current MDD status or current depression severity, suggesting that CSD-referenced EEG asymmetry is a possible endophenotype for depression. In contrast, results for average and linked mastoid references were less consistent but demonstrated a link between less left frontal activity and current depression severity in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of rizona, 1503 East University Avenue, Room 312, Tucson, AZ 85721-0068, USA. jlstewar@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bismark
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Towers
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coan
authors.forename: John J B
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult