Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in different geographical regions and transmission cycles based on a microsatellite motif of the intergenic spacer of spliced-leader genes.
The intergenic region of spliced-leader (SL-IR) genes from 105 Trypanosoma cruzi I (Tc I) infected biological samples, culture isolates and stocks from 11 endemic countries, from Argentina to the USA were characterised, allowing identification of 76 genotypes with 54 polymorphic sites from 123 aligned sequences. On the basis of the microsatellite motif proposed by Herrera et al. (2007) to define four haplotypes in Colombia, we could classify these genotypes into four distinct Tc I SL-IR groups, three corresponding to the former haplotypes Ia (11 genotypes), Ib (11 genotypes) and Id (35 genotypes); and one novel group, Ie (19 genotypes). Genotypes harbouring the Tc Ic motif were not detected in our study. Tc Ia was associated with domestic cycles in southern and northern South America and sylvatic cycles in Central and North America. Tc Ib was found in all transmission cycles from Colombia. Tc Id was identified in all transmission cycles from Argentina and Colombia, including Chagas cardiomyopathy patients, sylvatic Brazilian samples and human cases from French Guiana, Panama and Venezuela. Tc Ie gathered five samples from domestic Triatoma infestans from northern Argentina, nine samples from wild Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi and two chagasic patients from Chile and one from a Bolivian patient with chagasic reactivation. Mixed infections by Tc Ia+Tc Id, Tc Ia+Tc Ie and Tc Id+Tc Ie were detected in vector faeces and isolates from human and vector samples. In addition, Tc Ia and Tc Id were identified in different tissues from a heart transplanted Chagas cardiomyopathy patient with reactivation, denoting histotropism. Trypanosoma cruzi I SL-IR genotypes from parasites infecting Triatoma gerstaeckeri and Didelphis virginiana from USA, T. infestans from Paraguay, Rhodnius nasutus and Rhodnius neglectus from Brazil and M. spinolai and M. gajardoi from Chile are to our knowledge described for the first time.
Cura
Carolina I
CI
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, INGEBI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Mejía-Jaramillo
Ana M
AM
Duffy
Tomás
T
Burgos
Juan M
JM
Rodriguero
Marcela
M
Cardinal
Marta V
MV
Kjos
Sonia
S
Gurgel-Gonçalves
Rodrigo
R
Blanchet
Denis
D
De Pablos
Luis M
LM
Tomasini
Nicolás
N
da Silva
Alexandre
A
Russomando
Graciela
G
Cuba
Cesar A Cuba
CA
Aznar
Christine
C
Abate
Teresa
T
Levin
Mariano J
MJ
Osuna
Antonio
A
Gürtler
Ricardo E
RE
Diosque
Patricio
P
Solari
Aldo
A
Triana-Chávez
Omar
O
Schijman
Alejandro G
AG
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020038:RNA, Spliced Leader; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014225:Triatominae / Q000469:parasitology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D020038:RNA, Spliced Leader