title: Noninvasive quantification of coronary endothelial function by SPECT imaging in children with a history of Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The feasibility of coronary function estimation by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been recently demonstrated. The aim of this study was to apply SPECT imaging in patients with previous Kawasaki disease (KD) to assess the coronary functional status at long-term follow-up of the acute phase of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen children with a history of KD underwent 99mTc-sestamibi imaging at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was estimated by measuring first transit counts in the pulmonary artery and myocardial counts from SPECT images. Coronary endothelial function was expressed as the ratio of the CPT to rest MBF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six KD patients without coronary artery lesions served as controls and ten with coronary artery aneurysms during the acute phase of the disease were separated into two groups: group 1 (n=4) with regressed and group 2 (n=6) with persistent aneurysm at follow-up. The estimated coronary endothelial function was higher in controls compared to patients with coronary artery aneurysms (2.5±0.3 vs 1.7±0.7, p<0.05). A significant difference in coronary endothelial function among groups was found (F=5.21, p<0.02). Coronary endothelial function was higher in patients of group 1 than in those of group 2 (1.9±0.6 vs 1.4±0.7, p<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPECT may be applied as a noninvasive method for assessing coronary vascular function in children with a history of KD, demonstrating an impaired response to the CPT, an endothelial-dependent vasodilator stimulus. These findings reinforce the concept that coronary endothelial dysfunction may represent a long-term sequela of KD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children Medical Hospital, and Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cicala
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storto
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Caprio
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mainolfi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Leva
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuocolo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi