title: Myocardial dysfunction in fetuses exposed to intraamniotic infection: new insights from tissue Doppler and strain imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess myocardial function of fetuses who were exposed to intraamniotic infection compared with fetuses of uncomplicated pregnancies by the application of tissue Doppler and strain rate (SR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the right ventricular function of fetuses with preterm premature rupture of membranes and proven intraamniotic infection (n = 12 fetuses) and healthy fetuses (n = 27). Tissue Doppler velocities during early diastolic relaxation (E(m)) and atrial contraction (A(m)) and early diastolic SR were measured as indices of diastolic function, whereas the peak systolic strain and SR were used as parameters of systolic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetuses with intraamniotic infection exhibit impairment in both diastolic and systolic performance, which was characterized by increased diastolic compliance (increased E(m)/A(m) ratio, increased early diastolic SR compared with the control fetuses), decreased systolic contractile function (reduced systolic strain and SR), and longitudinal myocardial dyskinesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New echocardiographic tools suggest that fetal heart is a target organ in the context of intraamniotic infection.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy. edoardodinaro@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Naro
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cromi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giocolano
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caringella
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loverro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology