title: What is the experience of national quality campaigns? Views from the field.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify key characteristics of a national quality campaign that participants viewed as effective, to understand mechanisms by which the campaign influenced hospital practices, and to elucidate contextual factors that modified the perceived influence of the campaign on hospital improvements.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth interviews, hospital surveys, and Health Quality Alliance data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with clinical and administrative staff (N = 99) at hospitals reporting strong influence (n = 6) as well as hospitals reporting limited influence (n = 6) of the Door-to-Balloon (D2B) Alliance, a national quality campaign to improve heart attack care. We analyzed these qualitative data as well as changes in hospital use of recommended strategies reported through a hospital survey and changes in treatment times using Health Quality Alliance data.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth, open-ended interviews; hospital survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key characteristics of the national quality campaign viewed as enhancing its effectiveness were as follows: credibility of the recommendations, perceived simplicity of the recommendations, alignment with hospitals' strategic goals, practical implementation tools, and breadth of the network of peer hospitals in the D2B Alliance. Perceived mechanisms of the campaign's influence included raising awareness and influencing goals, fostering strategy adoption, and influencing aspects of organizational culture. Modifying contextual factors included perceptions about current performance and internal championship for the recommended changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of national quality campaigns may depend on both campaign design features and on the internal environment of participating hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Policy and Administration, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA. elizabeth.bradley@yale.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Ingrid M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Nembhard
authors.forename: Christina T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Amy F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Jeptha P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Brahmajee K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Nallamothu
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brush
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
mesh_terms: D006296:Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy; D015279:Organizational Culture; D058996:Quality Improvement; D014481:United States