title: A novel chimeric natriuretic peptide reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the NHE-1-calcineurin pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Natriuretic peptides (NPs) inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent process, although these effects are associated with substantial vasodilatation. In this study, we used CU-NP, a non-vasodilatating novel NP synthesized from the ring structure of human C-type NP (CNP) and both C- and N-termini of urodilatin, and investigated whether it can directly modulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments were carried out in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes exposed to phenylephrine, angiotensin II, or endothelin-1 in the absence or presence of CU-NP. CU-NP produced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in intracellular cGMP levels. The hypertrophic responses to all agonists were abrogated by 10 nM CU-NP. CU-NP treatment also prevented increased activity, gene and protein expression of sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) as well as elevations in intracellular Na(+) concentrations caused by hypertrophic agents. In addition, these effects were associated with a more than two-fold increase in activity of the Ca(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin that peaked 6 h after addition of hypertrophic stimuli. Early (1-3 h) calcineurin activation was unaffected by CU-NP, although activation at 6 and 24 h was prevented by CU-NP as was the resultant translocation of the transcriptional factor NFAT into nuclei.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates a direct anti-hypertrophic effect of the chimeric peptide CU-NP via NHE-1 inhibition, thereby preventing calcineurin activation and NFAT nuclear import. Thus, CU-NP represents a novel fusion peptide of CNP and urodilatin that has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rajapurohitam
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeidan
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Nazo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Said Faruq
authors.forename: Candace Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karmazyn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C069139:growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1; C056452:Ularitide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin; D006152:Cyclic GMP