title: A 96-well-plate-based optical method for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and its application to susceptibility testing.
abstract: A major reason for bacterial persistence during chronic infections is the survival of bacteria within biofilm structures, which protect cells from environmental stresses, host immune responses and antimicrobial therapy. Thus, there is concern that laboratory methods developed to measure the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic bacteria may not be relevant to chronic biofilm infections, and it has been suggested that alternative methods should test antibiotic susceptibility within a biofilm. In this paper, we describe a fast and reliable protocol for using 96-well microtiter plates for the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms; the method is easily adaptable for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This method is based on bacterial viability staining in combination with automated confocal laser scanning microscopy. The procedure simplifies qualitative and quantitative evaluation of biofilms and has proven to be effective for standardized determination of antibiotic efficiency on P. aeruginosa biofilms. The protocol can be performed within approximately 60 h.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Pseudomonas Infection Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müsken
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Römling
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Häussler
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents