title: IGF-1 levels link estimated glomerular filtration rate to insulin resistance in obesity: a study in obese, but metabolically healthy, subjects and obese, insulin-resistant subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) subjects have a favourable cardio-metabolic risk profile, but whether they are also at lower risk for kidney dysfunction is still questionable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 106 MHO, 122 normal-weight and 212 insulin-resistant obese (IRO) subjects were stratified on the basis of their insulin sensitivity and body mass index (BMI). The CKD-EPI equation was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ISI index was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. eGFR was significantly lower in IRO as compared to MHO subjects after adjusting for age, gender and BMI (P = 0.008). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender and BMI, IRO subjects showed an increased risk of having eGFR in the lowest quartile (odds ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.58; P = 0.04) as compared with MHO subjects. This association was maintained when waist, lean body mass, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose and insulin levels were additionally included into the model (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.17-5.27; P = 0.01), but its independence was not retained with further inclusion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels (OR 2.16, 95%CI 0.93-5.04; P = 0.07) No differences in eGFR were observed between non-obese and MHO individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that heterogeneity in obese phenotypes may account for conflicting evidence regarding the significance of obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Our findings suggest that obesity is associated with lower kidney function only when insulin sensitivity is reduced, and that plasma IGF-1 is likely to be an important mechanism linking the IRO phenotype with reduced eGFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. sesti@unicz.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sesti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Succurro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arturi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreozzi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perticone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciacqua
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hribal
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perticone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I