title: Evidence that cleavage factor Im is a heterotetrameric protein complex controlling alternative polyadenylation.
abstract: Recent estimates indicate that approximately 60% of human genes include alternative polyadenylation sites. Hence, control of alternative polyadenylation can have a great impact on gene expression and cellular function. Cleavage factor (CF) Im is a 3'-end processing factor that is essential for in vitro processing. CFIm purified from HeLa cells is associated with three polypeptides of 25, 59 and 68 kD, and it is generally thought to be a heterodimer composed of the 25-kD subunit and one of the larger subunits. Previously, we serendipitously discovered that knockdown of CFIm25 causes an upstream shift in the utilization of alternative polyadenylation sites. Here, we investigated whether this is because of an inherent property of the CFIm complex and, if so, what structural elements are important for its function. The major conclusions of this study are that (i) contrary to previous assumptions, CFIm forms stable heterotetramers through dimerization of CFIm25 and (ii) the CFIm complex per se is responsible for the control of alternative polyadenylation. (iii) However, the structurally related CFIm68 and CFIm59 are functionally redundant and (iv) CFIm68 appears to have a higher specific activity. Thus, this study establishes that CFIm not only plays a general role in 3'-end processing but also plays a regulatory role in poly(A) site selection.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yexi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics*; D026723:Polyadenylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018411:Spodoptera; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; C450562:cleavage factor Im, human; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; D011061:Poly A