title: Infectivity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and E for the gerbil and axenisation of duodenal trophozoites.
abstract: Establishing in vitro cultures of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites from faecal cysts remains very difficult due to poor excystation and bacterial contamination. This study investigated an alternative approach starting from duodenal trophozoites of gerbils that were artificially infected with field isolates from humans (Assemblages A and B) and cattle (Assemblage E and mixed E/A). Gerbil infection was successful for Assemblages A (1/1) and B (1/3) from humans, and for E (1/2) and mixed E/A (6/6) from cattle. Despite the fact that some isolates subsequently failed or were difficult to establish in vitro, several Assemblage A and Assemblage E in vitro trophozoite cultures were successful, however, subsequent cloning required adaptation of the standard TYI-S-33 medium whereby different medium supplements were required for promoting growth. Excess of l-cysteine (2mg/ml) and ascorbic acid (0.2mg/ml) supported cloning of Assemblage A, while l-glutathione (7.8 mg/ml) was required for Assemblage E. This is a first description of in vitro axenisation of Assemblage E trophozoites from cattle.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ely
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bénéré
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geurden
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Assche
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cos
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D003470:Culture Media; D004386:Duodenum / Q000469:parasitology*; D005838:Genotype; D005849:Gerbillinae / Q000469:parasitology*; D005872:Giardia / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media