title: Association among SNAP-25 gene DdeI and MnlI polymorphisms and hemodynamic changes during methylphenidate use: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the interaction of treatment-related hemodynamic changes with genotype status for Synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on and off single dose short-acting methylphenidate treatment with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 right-handed adults and 16 right-handed children with DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD were evaluated. Ten milligrams of short-acting methylphenidate was administered in a crossover design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with SNAP-25 DdeI T/T genotype had decreased right deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) with treatment. SNAP-25 MnlI genotype was also associated with right deoxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]) and [HHb] changes as well as left [HHb] change. When the combinations of these genotypes were taken into account, the participants with [DdeI C/C or T/C and MnlI G/G or T/G] genotype had increased right [HHb] with MPH use whereas the participants with [DdeI T/T and MnlI T/T] or [DdeI T/T and MnlI G/G or T/G] genotypes had decreased right prefrontal [HHb].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that SNAP-25 polymorphism might be associated with methylphenidate induced brain hemodynamic changes in ADHD participants.
authors.affiliation: SB Diskapi Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ozgur.oner@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Öner
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akın
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herken
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Erdal
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Çiftçi
authors.forename: Mustafa Ertan
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bicer
authors.forename: Bedriye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Öncü
authors.forename: Ozlem Hekim
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Kerim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Münir
authors.forename: Yankı
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D005838:Genotype; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D008774:Methylphenidate