title: Surface/interface morphology and bond strength to glass ceramic etched for different periods.
abstract: This study evaluated the influence of etching periods on the surface/interface morphology and bond strength to glass ceramic with or without application of an unfilled resin after silane. Ceramic discs were divided into 12 groups, defined by etching time with 10% hydrofluoric acid: G1/G7--etching for 10 seconds, G2/G8--20 seconds; G3/G9--40 seconds; G4/G10--60 seconds; G5/G11--120 seconds and G6/G12--60 + 60 seconds. All the groups were silanated after etching and G7 - G12 received a layer of unfilled resin after silane. Microshear testing using resin cement was performed, with 12 resin cylinders tested per group. The data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls' test (p<0.05). Evaluation of the etching pattern and bonding interfaces was conducted by SEM. The bond strength means (MPa) were: 19.4 +/- 3.5, 22.3 +/- 5.1, 22.2 +/- 3.2, 17.8 +/- 2.1, 15.3 +/- 3.0 and 14.3 +/- 1.8 for G1-G6 and 17.4 +/- 4.8, 21.3 +/- 2.1, 21.1 +/- 2.3, 24.7 +/- 5.8, 20.4 +/- 2.2 and 18.5 +/- 4.6 for G7-G12. Poor etching was detected after 10 seconds of conditioning; whereas deep channels were extensively observed on surfaces etched for 120 and 60 + 60 seconds. Unfilled voids underlying the ceramic-cement interface were detected when only silane was applied. Full completion of the irregularities on G11 was detected using unfilled resin. When only silane was applied, the 60-second group and those etched for longer periods showed lower bond strengths. When both silane and unfilled resin were applied, all etching periods generally showed similar values. In conclusion, the etching period influenced the surface/interface topography and bond strength to ceramic. The application of unfilled resin was able to infiltrate all unfilled voids beneath the ceramic-cement interface, except on re-etched surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Naves
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Luciano S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Mário Alexandre C
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sinhoreti
authors.forename: Lourenço
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Correr-Sobrinho
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C075815:IPS-Empress ceramic; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C078519:leucite; C103502:Variolink; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid