title: Protein and carbohydrate supplementation during 5-day aerobic training enhanced plasma volume expansion and thermoregulatory adaptation in young men.
abstract: We examined whether protein and carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during 5-day training enhanced plasma volume (PV) expansion and thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations in young men. Eighteen men [age 23 ± 4 (SD) yr] were divided into two groups according to supplements: placebo (CNT: 0.93 kcal/kg, 0.00 g protein/kg, n = 9) and protein and CHO (Pro-CHO: 3.6 kcal/kg, 0.36 protein/kg, n = 9). Subjects in both groups performed a cycling exercise at 70% peak oxygen consumption rate (VO2peak), 30 min/day, for 5 consecutive days at 30°C ambient temperature and 50% relative humidity and took either a placebo or Pro-CHO within 10 min after exercise for each day. Before and after training, PV at rest, heart rate (HR), and esophageal temperature (T(es)) during 30-min exercise at 65% of pretraining VO2peak in the same condition as training were determined. Also, the sensitivity of the chest sweat rate (ΔSR/ΔT(es)) and forearm vascular conductance (ΔFVC/ΔT(es)) in response to increased T(es) were determined. After training, PV and cardiac stroke volume (SV) at rest increased in both groups (P < 0.001) but the increases were twofold higher in Pro-CHO than CNT (P = 0.007 and P = 0.078, respectively). The increases in HR from 5 to 30 min and T(es) from 0 to 30 min of exercise were attenuated after training in both groups with greater attenuation in Pro-CHO than CNT (P = 0.002 and P = 0.072, respectively). ΔSR/ΔT(es) increased in CNT (P = 0.052) and Pro-CHO (P < 0.001) and the increases were higher in Pro-CHO than CNT (P = 0.018). ΔFVC/ΔT(es) increased in Pro-CHO (P < 0.001), whereas not in CNT (P = 0.16). Thus protein-CHO supplementation during 5-day training enhanced PV expansion and thermoregulatory adaptation and, thereby, the reduction in heat and cardiovascular strain in young men.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Sports Medical Sciences, Shinshu Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Yoshi-ichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikegawa
authors.forename: Shizue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuki
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nose
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001642:Bicycling; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010953:Plasma Volume; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013546:Sweating; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin