title: Anti-Angiogenic/Vascular Effects of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus Are Not Detectable by FDG/FLT-PET.
abstract: Noninvasive functional imaging of tumors can provide valuable early-response biomarkers, in particular, for targeted chemotherapy. Using various experimental tumor models, we have investigated the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-glucose (FDG) and 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine (FLT) to detect response to the allosteric mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus. Tumor models were declared sensitive (murine melanoma B16/BL6 and human lung H596) or relatively insensitive (human colon HCT116 and cervical KB31), according to the IC(50) values (concentration inhibiting cell growth by 50%) for inhibition of proliferation in vitro (<10 nM and >1 microM, respectively). Everolimus strongly inhibited growth of the sensitive models in vivo but also significantly inhibited growth of the insensitive models, an effect attributable to its known anti-angiogenic/vascular properties. However, although tumor FDG and FLT uptake was significantly reduced in the sensitive models, it was not affected in the insensitive models, suggesting that endothelial-directed effects could not be detected by these PET tracers. Consistent with this hypothesis, in a well-vascularized orthotopic rat mammary tumor model, other antiangiogenic agents also failed to affect FDG uptake, despite inhibiting tumor growth. In contrast, the cytotoxic patupilone, a microtubule stabilizer, blocked tumor growth, and markedly reduced FDG uptake. These results suggest that FDG/FLT-PET may not be a suitable method for early markers of response to antiangiogenic agents and mTOR inhibitors in which anti-angiogenic/vascular effects predominate because the method could provide false-negative responses. These conclusions warrant clinical testing.
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebenhan
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Allegrini
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ametamey
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becquet
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cannet
authors.forename: Heidi A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Terence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: Pius A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schubiger
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sticker-Jantscheff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumm
authors.forename: Paul Mj
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McSheehy