title: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Alpinia conchigera rhizomes in various animal models.
abstract: Alpinia conchigera Griff. (Zingiberaceae), locally known to the Malays as "lengkuas ranting", is native to Peninsular Malaysia. The Malays traditionally used it to treat infection and rashes, and as a health drink. This study evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of A. conchigera rhizomes in mice and rats, respectively. The analgesic activity was elucidated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and formalin test, while the anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema. The extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally (i.p.) exhibited antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all tests used. The range of percentage of analgesia obtained for all doses of extract in the writhing test was 50-92%, and in the early and late phases of the formalin test was 25-62% and 63-98%, respectively. In addition, naloxone (5 mg/kg) given subcutaneously (s.c.) was found to reverse the extract (300 mg/kg)-induced antinociceptive activity in the writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of A. conchigera rhizomes possessed a peripheral and central antinociceptive activity that was mediated, in part, via the opioid receptor, as well as anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. mrs@medic.upm.edu.my
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hidayat
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Israf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adilius
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027343:Rhizome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol