title: Exposure to sublethal concentration of glyphosate or atrazine-based herbicides alters the phagocytic function and increases the susceptibility of silver catfish fingerlings (Rhamdia quelen) to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge.
abstract: The resistance of fish to microorganisms challenge depends mainly on the efficacy of the immune response. Most studies on the natural immune response of fish have focused on the effect of diets and immunostimulants. Few studies correlated the presence of commonly used agrichemical and susceptibility to infection by aquatic microorganism. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of glyphosate and atrazine-based herbicides on immune cell phagocytosis and susceptibility of silver catfish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Following exposure to sublethal concentrations of glyphosate or atrazine (10% of the LC(50-96 h)), a significant decrease in the number of intracelomatic cells and phagocytic index could be observed. In addition, silver catfish fingerlings exposed to glyphosate or atrazine were more susceptible to intracelomatic challenge with pathogenic A. hydrophila. Thus, the presence of these herbicides on the water alters the natural immune response to bacterial and possibly to other aquatic microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 282, Km 171. 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. lckreutz@upf.br
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kreutz
authors.forename: Leonardo Jose Gil
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marteninghe
authors.forename: Ezequiel Davi
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanatta
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002397:Catfishes; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D001280:Atrazine; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate