title: TCF4 and CDX2, major transcription factors for intestinal function, converge on the same cis-regulatory regions.
abstract: Surprisingly few pathways signal between cells, raising questions about mechanisms for tissue-specific responses. In particular, Wnt ligands signal in many mammalian tissues, including the intestinal epithelium, where constitutive signaling causes cancer. Genome-wide analysis of DNA cis-regulatory regions bound by the intestine-restricted transcription factor CDX2 in colonic cells uncovered highly significant overrepresentation of sequences that bind TCF4, a transcriptional effector of intestinal Wnt signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed TCF4 occupancy at most such sites and co-occupancy of CDX2 and TCF4 across short distances. A region spanning the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6983267, which lies within a MYC enhancer and confers colorectal cancer risk in humans, represented one of many co-occupied sites. Co-occupancy correlated with intestine-specific gene expression and CDX2 loss reduced TCF4 binding. These results implicate CDX2 in directing TCF4 binding in intestinal cells. Co-occupancy of regulatory regions by signal-effector and tissue-restricted transcription factors may represent a general mechanism for ubiquitous signaling pathways to achieve tissue-specific outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Verzi
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hatzis
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sulahian
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Jurian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schuijers
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Duyen T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Myles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clevers
authors.forename: X Shirley
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ramesh A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shivdasani
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C532096:TCF4 protein, human; D000073940:Transcription Factor 4; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins