title: Accuracy of surgical positioning of orthodontic miniscrews with a computer-aided design and manufacturing template.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to enable accurate miniscrew placement after preoperative simulation. We developed a new template for miniscrew placement and evaluated its accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients who had bimaxillary protrusion were scanned with computed tomography. The 3-dimensional computed tomography data were used to produce, with stereolithography apparatus, a template for accurate miniscrew placement. The interradicular space available for miniscrew placement was calculated in the 3-dimensional images. Postoperative computed tomography images were matched with preoperative images to calculate the deviations between the planned and actual placements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distance for placement of a miniscrew between 2 roots was 4.12 mm (SD, 0.25 mm; range, 3.7-4.5 mm). The placed miniscrews showed an average angular deviation of 1.2 degrees (SD, 0.43 degrees ; range, 0.6 degrees -2.41 degrees ) compared with the plan, whereas the mean linear distomesial deviation was 0.42 mm (SD, 0.13 mm; range, 0.15-0.6 mm) at the tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed template has high accuracy and will be especially useful for patients who require precise miniscrew placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong-xu
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guangchun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D007568:Jaw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012986:Software Validation; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface