title: Chromium stress in paddy: (i) nutrient status of paddy under chromium stress; (ii) phytoremediation of chromium by aquatic and terrestrial weeds.
abstract: A field experiment was conducted with paddy (Oryza sativa L.) irrigated with different concentrations (Control, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/l) of chromium. The changes in growth, yield, nutrient content and chromium accumulation in the paddy are reported. The growth of shoot, root, total leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and yield of the paddy gradually decreased with increasing Cr concentration. Similarly, the uptake of macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe) were also gradually decreased. However, the chromium accumulation gradually increased with the increasing concentrations of chromium. Among the aquatic plants tested, Eicchornia crassipes showed better performance in accumulating higher amount of chromium. Similarly, certain grasses and weeds such as Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus kylinga, Marselia quadrifolia and Ludwigia parvifloria were used for the phytoremediation of chromium polluted soil. Among them, Cyperus rotundus accumulated higher amount of chromium than the other plants tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, India. ppsmoorthy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Perumal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sundaramoorthy
authors.forename: Alagappan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chidambaram
authors.forename: Kaliyaperumal Sankar
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.forename: Pachikkaran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Unnikannan
authors.forename: Logalakshmanan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baskaran
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D029786:Cyperus; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D029594:Onagraceae; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen; D011188:Potassium