title: [A prospective randomized study of the radiotherapy volume for limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a preliminary report].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controversies exists with regard to target volumes as far as thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is concerned in the multimodality treatment for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LSCLC). The aim of this study is to prospectively compare the local control rate, toxicity profiles, and overall survival (OS) between patients received different target volumes irradiation after induction chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  LSCLC patients received 2 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin (EP) induction chemotherapy and were randomly assigned to receive TRT to either the post- or pre-chemotherapy tumor extent (GTV-T) as study arm and control arm, CTV-N included the positive nodal drainage area for both arms. One to 2 weeks after induction chemotherapy, 45 Gy/30 Fx/19 d TRT was administered concurrently with the third cycle of EP regimen. After that, additional 3 cycles of EP consolidation were administered. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was administered to patients with a complete response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven and 40 patients were randomly assigned to study arm and control arm. The local recurrence rates were 32.4% and 28.2% respectively (P = 0.80); the isolated nodal failure (INF) rates were 3.0% and 2.6% respectively (P = 0.91); all INF sites were in the ipsilateral supraclavicular fossa. Medastinal N3 disease was the risk factor for INF (P = 0.02, OR = 14.13, 95% CI: 1.47-136.13). During radiotherapy, grade I, II weight loss was observed in 29.4%, 5.9% and 56.4%, 7.7% patients respectively (P = 0.04). Grade 0-I and II-III late pulmonary injury was developed in 97.1%, 2.9% and 86.4%, 15.4% patients respectively (P = 0.07). Median survival time was 22.1 months and 26.9 months respectively. The 1 to 3-year OS were 77.9%, 44.4%, 37.3% and 75.8%, 56.3%, 41.7% respectively (P = 0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results of this study indicate that irradiant the post-chemotherapy tumor extent (GTV-T) and positive nodal drainage area did not decrease local control and overall survival while radiation toxicity was reduced. But the current sample size has not met designed requirements, and further investigation is warranted before final conclusions could be drawn.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Kaixin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zongwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin