title: Smoking-induced change in intrasynaptic dopamine concentration: effect of treatment for Tobacco Dependence.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether standard treatments for Tobacco Dependence affect smoking-induced changes in intrasynaptic dopamine (DA) concentration. Forty-three otherwise healthy adult cigarette smokers (10 to 40 cigarettes per day) were treated with either practical group counseling (PGC) psychotherapy (n=14), bupropion HCl (n=14), or matching pill placebo (n=15) (random assignment) for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, each subject underwent a bolus-plus-continuous-infusion (11)C-raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) scanning session, during which he or she smoked a regular cigarette. The PET scanning outcome measure of interest was percent change in smoking-induced (11)C-raclopride binding potential (BP(ND)) in the ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens (VCD/NAc), as an indirect measure of DA release. Although the entire study sample had a smaller mean smoking-induced reduction in VCD/NAc BP(ND) after treatment (compared to before treatment), this change was highly correlated with smaller total cigarette puff volumes (and not other treatment variables). These data indicate that smoking-induced DA release is dose-dependent, and is not significantly affected by reductions in daily smoking levels or treatment type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. abrody@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: Edythe D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Olmstead
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Allen-Martinez
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shulenberger
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheibal
authors.forename: Judah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farahi
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoptaw
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mandelkern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D020891:Raclopride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013569:Synapses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D016642:Bupropion; D020891:Raclopride; D004298:Dopamine