title: Risk factors for postoperative infectious complications after hepatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to clarify the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) after hepatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The database records of three hundred and eight patients who underwent elective surgical treatment for hepatolithiasis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and metastatic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed to determine the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications. The incidences of SSIs, classified as superficial or deep incisional SSIs and organ or space SSIs, and all other infectious complications within 30 days after hepatectomy were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of SSIs after a hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis (23.8%) were higher than those after a hepatectomy for HCC (11.3%) (p = 0.034) and after a hepatectomy for metastatic carcinoma (2.7%) (p < 0.001), and the incidence of SSIs after a hepatectomy for HCC was higher than that after a hepatectomy for metastatic carcinoma (p = 0.028). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of remote site infections between the three groups. The incidence of superficial or deep incisional SSIs after a hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis (11.9%) was higher than that after a hepatectomy for metastatic carcinoma (1.4%) (p < 0.001) and the incidence of superficial or deep incisional SSIs after a hepatectomy for HCC (7.8%) was higher than that after a hepatectomy for metastatic carcinoma (1.4%) (p = 0.050). There was a significant difference in the incidence of space/organ SSIs between the patients with hepatolithiasis (11.9%) and HCC patients (3.6%) (p = 0.029), and between the patients with hepatolithiasis and metastatic carcinoma patients (1.4%) (p < 0.001). The rate of positive bile culture was 36.2% in all patients in this study, and the rates were 83.3, 7.8, and 10.0% for patients with hepatolithiasis, HCC, and metastatic carcinoma, respectively. A significantly higher (p < 0.001) positive bile culture rate was observed in patients with hepatolithiasis as compared with HCC or metastatic carcinoma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests the existence of a relationship between postoperative SSIs and bile infection, thus supporting the proposed relationship between post-hepatectomy infection and such variables as liver function, blood sugar control, and nutritional status.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiriyama
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.forename: Masaji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaue
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology