title: The impact of salivary mutans streptococci and sugar consumption on caries experience in 6-year olds and 12-year olds in Riga.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess possible relationship between caries experience, salivary cariogenic microflora and free sugar consumption in 6 year and 12 year old children in Riga, to evaluate these variables in risk assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  79 children aged 6 and 96 children aged 12 were examined clinically and by bitewing X-ray for caries diagnosis. Also all children or their parents were questioned about number of tea spoons containing sugar used per cup and frequency of cups used daily. Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) (CRT-bacteria; Ivoclar; Vivadent; Liechtenstein) were determined only for children with dmft/DMFT>4: 27.8% at the age of 6, 40.6% at the age of 12. All data were statistically analyzed using frequency tables and analysis of variance. Statistical significance of differences in proportions was tested using chi-square test, Analysis included evaluation of how changes in variables such as free sugar consumption affects caries in particular age group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean number of tea spoons containing sugar used per cup was 1.47 in 6 year olds and 1.86 in 12 year olds, but daily amount of tea spoons containing sugar was 2.71 and 4.36 in each age group accordingly. Tea spoons of sugar per cup were associated with caries experience only in 6 year olds (p=0.098). A significant association was observed between caries experience, salivary MS and an amount of tea spoons containing sugar used per cup in both age groups (for 6 y.o. p= 0.037, for 12 y.o. p=0.037). Also caries experience was strongly associated with salivary MS and daily amount of tea spoons containing sugar, but only in 12 year olds (p=0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information of free sugar consumption per cup or daily gives the possibility to control free sugar use in order to reduce caries development in 6 year old and 12 year old children in Riga.
authors.affiliation: Conservative Dentistry Department, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Jekaterina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gudkina
authors.forename: Anda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brinkmane
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004245:DMF Index; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007844:Latvia; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013662:Tea