title: Bacteraemia following dental implants' placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence, duration and aetiology of bacteraemias following the placement of implants as well as the prophylactic efficacy of a chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) mouthrinse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients undergoing implant placement were randomly distributed into two groups:
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients with no prophylactic intervention before surgery. CHX group: 20 patients who performed a 0.2% CHX mouthrinse before surgery. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at 30 s after the insertion of implants and at 15 min after completion of the suturing of the mucoperiosteal flap. Samples were processed in the Bactec 9240, and the subculture and further identification of the isolates were performed using conventional microbiological techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of bacteraemias was 2% at baseline. In the control group, the prevalence of bacteraemias was 6.7% at 30 s and 3.3% at 15 min, but no statistically significant differences were achieved compared with the baseline percentage. In the CHX group, there were no positive cultures from blood samples obtained at 30 s or at 15 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implant placement via a mucoperiosteal flap does not carry a significant risk of developing bacteraemias. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of focal infections such as bacterial endocarditis in "at-risk" patients undergoing dental implants is therefore questionable. Although its efficacy has not been confirmed statistically, we recommend a 0.2% CHX mouthrinse before treatment as proposed previously by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Needs, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Galicia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piñeiro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tomás
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seoane
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diz
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification; D004245:DMF Index; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014025:Titanium; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine