title: AFM, SEM and TEM Studies on Porous Anodic Alumina.
abstract: Porous anodic alumina (PAA) has been intensively studied in past decade due to its applications for fabricating nanostructured materials. Since PAA's pore diameter, thickness and shape vary too much, a systematical study on the methods of morphology characterization is meaningful and essential for its proper development and utilization. In this paper, we present detailed AFM, SEM and TEM studies on PAA and its evolvements with abundant microstructures, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The sample preparation, testing skills and morphology analysis are discussed, especially on the differentiation during characterizing complex cross-sections and ultrasmall nanopores. The versatility of PAAs is also demonstrated by the diversity of PAAs' microstructure.
authors.affiliation: Center for Low-Dimensional Materials, Micro-Nano Devices and System, Jiangsu Polytechnic University, 1 Ge Hu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China. dingguqiao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guqiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jianning
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ningyi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuan