title: [Association of the TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms and blood TGF-beta 1 level with essential hypertension in Kazakh Chinese].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of the transforming growth factor- beta 1 (TGF- beta 1) gene polymorphisms and blood TGF- beta 1 level with essential hypertension (EH) in Kazakh Chinese.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polymorphisms of TGF- beta 1 gene in 354 Kazakh EH patients and 435 healthy controls were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. The blood level of TGF- beta 1 was quantified using specific sandwich ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of genotypes GG, GC and alleles G and C of +915G/C in Xinjiang Kazakh were 97.9%, 2.1% and 98.77%, 1.23%, respectively. No significantly difference was found between EH patients and controls (P>0.05). The frequencies of genotypes TT, TC, CC and alleles T and C of +869T/C in controls was 25.97%, 46.67%, 27.36%, 49.3% and 50.7%, respectively, the CC genotype or C allele in EH patients had significantly higher frequencies than controls [41.60% vs. 27.36%, and 62.2% vs. 50.7%, respectively (P<0.05)]. It was also shown that TGF- beta 1 +869 C allele carriers had significantly increased risk of EH compared with T allele carriers (OR=1.60, P=0.00). There was linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the two polymorphisms. The frequency of haplotype C-G in the EH group was significantly higher than that in controls (61.6% vs. 49.8%, P<0.05). There were no differences in TGF- beta 1 level among different genotypes or alleles in both +869T/C and +915G/C loci (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of +915G/C variation of the TGF- beta 1 gene was very low in Kazakh and there was no homozygous variation. The +869 C allele was likely the genetic susceptibility factor for EH in the population. There was linkage disequilibrium in the polymorphisms of +869T/C and +915G/C. Haplotype C-G was the risk factor of EH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002 PR China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qing-hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Feng-mei
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Shu-xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiao-peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jian-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1