title: Chloroquine resistance: proposed mechanisms and countermeasures.
abstract: Malaria has been, and remains, one of the biggest global health concerns as far as infectious diseases are concerned, with yearly incidence and mortality figures running into millions. One of the major drawbacks to the control of this disease has been the emergence of drug resistant strains of the causative agent, which limits the successful use of many clinically available antimalarial drugs. This review discusses chloroquine resistance; it highlights some of the proposed molecular mechanisms of chloroquine resistance, but dwells more on efforts at reversing chloroquine resistance and the concept of chloroquine resistance-reversal agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guantai
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chibale
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015195:Drug Design; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000962:Antimalarials; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C416369:PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D002738:Chloroquine