title: Inhibition of mouse alkali burn induced-corneal neovascularization by recombinant adenovirus encoding human vasohibin-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the activity of recombinant adenovirus encoding human vasohibin-1 (Ad-Vasohibin-1) on mouse corneal neovasularization induced by alkali burn.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the treatment group, 50 mice each received subconjunctival injection (5 microl) of 10(9) plaque forming units of replication-defective Ad-Vasohibin-1. Control group mice received the same dosage of blank adenoviral vector (AdNull). Five days after injection, corneal neovascularization (CNV) was induced by placing 2.5 microl of 0.1 M NaOH on the right cornea for 30 s. Subsequently, CNV was observed and photographed every 3 days for a total duration of 9 days after the alkali burn. The percentage of neovascularized area was measured and compared with the AdNull control. The expression of human vasohibin-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting at 5, 8, and 14 days after injection. The mRNA expression levels of murine vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), VEGF receptor 1 and 2 (Vegfr1, Vegfr2), and vasohibin-1 (Vash1) were analyzed and compared by real time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of neovascularized area within the cornea was significantly reduced in mice treated with Ad-Vasohibin-1 compared to mice treated with AdNull at every time point after alkali-induced injury (7.11%+/-3.91% and 15.48%+/-1.79% of corneal area in the treatment and control groups, respectively, on day 3; 31.64%+/-4.71% and 43.93%+/-6.15% on day 6, and 45.02%+/-9.98% and 66.24%+/-7.17% on day 9, all p<0.001). Human vasohibin-1 protein was detected at the injection sites on day 3 after corneal burn and was highly expressed in the central subepithelial stroma and co-localized with neovascularized vessels within the alkali-treated cornea on day 6. On day 9, the peripheral cornea exhibited a similar staining pattern as the central cornea, but a more intense vasohibin-1 immunostaining signal was detected in the deep stroma. Some of the vasohibin-1 stain signal diffused into the frontal and deep stroma of the central cornea and was not co-localized with new vessels. By contrast, in mice injected with AdNull or normal corneas, no vasohibin-1 stain signal was detected within the corneas. Vasohibin-1 protein expression within treated corneas was also further confirmed by western blotting on day 5. Expression appeared to peak by day 8 and was maintained at high levels until day 14. However, Vasohibin-1 protein was not detected in the corneas of normal mice or mice treated with AdNull. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that expression of Vegfr2 and endogenous Vash1 mRNA were significantly decreased in the treatment versus control group (t(1)=-2.161, p(1)=0.047; t(2)=-2.236, p(2)=0.041). In contrast, there were no significant differences in Vegf and Vegfr1 mRNA expression levels between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subconjunctival injection of Ad-Vasohibin-1 significantly reduces corneal neovascularization in alkali-treated mouse corneas. This effect of anti-neovascularization may be related to the downregulation of Vegfr2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou, China. zhoushiy@mail.sysu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Shi-you
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhao-lian
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiao-ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Boon Chin
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000468:Alkalies; D000818:Animals; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000150:complications*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016510:Corneal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C493181:VASH1 protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2