title: Large volume hepatic microwave ablation elicits fewer pulmonary changes than radiofrequency or cryotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung changes after microwave tissue ablation (MTA) of different volumes of liver were compared with hepatic resection, cryotherapy (CRYO) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Live rats underwent MTA, surgical resection, CRYO or RFA of 15%, 33% and 66% of total hepatic volume and lung samples were collected at the time of death. Lung impairment was assessed directly by examining the tissue specimens for the degree of interstitial pneumonia and by comparing the alveolar thickness in the different groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All RFA and CRYO rats undergoing 66% of ablations died, but the MTA group had no fatalities. Following 66% RFA or CRYO ablations, the animals had a significantly increased thickness of the alveolar septa compared to 15% or 33% ablations and to 66% ablations in the MTA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large volume MTA is associated with a significant reduction in consequent lung damage and is well tolerated compared to RFA and CRYO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Fateh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gravante
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strickland
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basit
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorge
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley