title: Genotoxic and carcinogenic risks associated with the dietary consumption of repeatedly heated coconut oil.
abstract: Repeated heating of vegetable oils at high temperatures during cooking is a very common cooking practice. Repeated heating of edible oils can generate a number of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which have been reported to have carcinogenic potential. Consumption of these repeatedly heated oils can pose a serious health hazard. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the genotoxic and carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of repeatedly heated coconut oil (RCO), which is one of the commonly consumed cooking and frying medium. The PAH were analysed using HPLC in fresh CO, single-heated CO (SCO) and RCO. Results revealed the presence of certain PAH, known to possess carcinogenic potential, in RCO when compared with SCO. Oral intake of RCO in Wistar rats resulted in a significant induction of aberrant cells (P<0·05) and micronuclei (P<0·05) in a dose-dependent manner. Oxidative stress analysis showed a significant (P<0·05) decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase with a concurrent increase in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the liver. In addition, RCO given alone and along with diethylnitrosamine for 12 weeks induced altered hepatic foci as noticed by alteration in positive (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione-S-transferase) and negative (adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase) hepatospecific biomarkers. A significant decrease in the relative and absolute hepatic weight of RCO-supplemented rats was recorded (P<0·05). In conclusion, dietary consumption of RCO can cause a genotoxic and preneoplastic change in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Madhulika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Kulpreet
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhui
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murari Saxena
authors.forename: Yogeshwer
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D003059:Cocos / Q000737:chemistry; D003296:Cooking; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009929:Organ Size; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011230:Precancerous Conditions; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D010938:Plant Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D000074263:Coconut Oil