title: Both mitochondrial KATP channel opening and sarcolemmal KATP channel blockage confer protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia in anesthetized male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  this study was performed to assess the effect of selective sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) inhibition and the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation on ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced arrhythmias in different gender of rats. We compared the effect of a selective sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel blocker HMR 1098, a selective mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opener diazoxide, a nonselective K(ATP) channel opener pinacidil, and the combination of pinacidil with HMR 1098 on the incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias in 2 groups: anesthetized males (n = 31) and females (n = 31).
  
  
  METHODS
  ischemia and reperfusion was produced by occluding the left main coronary artery of Sprague-Dowley rats for 6 minutes followed by re-opening of the artery for 6 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the arrhythmia score and the duration of arrhythmias were significantly reduced by HMR 1098, diazoxide, and pinacidil in male rats. The combination of the pinacidil with HMR 1098 did not change the antiarrhythmic effect of pinacidil. The duration of arrhythmas was shorter in females than that in the corresponding males. Drug treatments were not effective in decreasing arrhythmias in female groups to the same extent as in the male group. However, the mitochondrial K( ATP) channel activation that is provided by the combination of pinacidil with HMR 1098 significantly decreased the total length of arrhythmias in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  results of the current study indicate that both mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation and sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel inhibition exert antiarrhythmic action in male rats. The antiarrhythmic effect of pinacidil is not depend on the sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel opening. These results also indicate that K(ATP) channel modulators show no discernable effect in female rats due to the already low incidence of arrhythmias in females.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, ncivez/Zonguldak, Turkey. gonca@karaelmas.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ersöz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonca
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bozdogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D020110:Pinacidil / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D054086:KATP Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; D020110:Pinacidil; C410297:HMR 1098; D003981:Diazoxide