title: Adenovirus-mediated interleukin (IL)-24 immunotherapy for cancer.
abstract: Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family. IL-24, also known as melanoma differentiation associated gene 7 (mda-7), is a unique cytokine in that it has cytokine properties and functions as a novel tumor suppressor gene. Studies by us and other investigators using viral and non-viral vectors have demonstrated IL-24 overexpression in human cancer cells inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. A majority of these studies using immunodeficient animal models have focused on demonstrating the direct anticancer properties of IL-24. Very few studies have focused on studying the immunotherapeutic properties of IL-24 despite it being reported to function as a Th1 cytokine. A phase I clinical trial using an adenovirus vector expressing IL-24 (Ad-IL24/INGN241) reported Ad-IL24 treatment of cancer patients resulted in changes in cytokines and T cells. However, well-designed and detailed preclinical studies to support the clinical findings are warranted. Demonstrating immune modulation by IL-24 will provide a rationale for developing IL-24-based immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.In the present chapter, we provide experimental details for conducting IL-24-based immunotherapy studies. As it is not possible for the authors to cover all of the information the authors recommend reading other immunology-based literature and procedures for a better understanding of conducting preclinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas of M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Rajagopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: Constantine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ioannides
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chada
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014162:Transfection; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D000099180:Interleukin-24
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins; D008156:Luciferases; D000099180:Interleukin-24