title: A polymorphism in GABRA2 is associated with the medial frontal response to alcohol cues in an fMRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Significant evidence has accumulated to suggest an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GABRA2 gene and alcoholism. However, research has yet to show an association between these polymorphisms and the human brain's reward system function. In this study, we stratified subjects who had participated in an fMRI study of alcohol cue responses according to their genotype at a SNP in GABRA2 (rs279871) shown to be associated with alcohol dependence (Edenberg et al., 2004).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping showed 13 subjects to be homozygous for the high-risk allele (AA), and 23 subjects to be heterozygous (AG). In fMRI, subjects were exposed to the aromas of their preferred alcoholic drink odors (AO), as well as to appetitive control odors (ApCO) under both alcohol intoxication and placebo control conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homozygous AA subjects had a larger [AO > ApCO] response than did AG subjects in medial frontal cortical areas thought to code reward value. However, AG subjects had a larger [AO > ApCO] effect in the ventral tegmental area. Alcohol intoxication did not alter these group differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are the first data to suggest that GABRA2 genotype could affect the brain's responses to cues associated with alcohol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. dkareken@iupui.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kareken
authors.forename: Tiebing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wetherill
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzemidzic
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bragulat
authors.forename: Cari
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Talavage
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foroud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D000483:Alleles; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003463:Cues; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C484841:GABRA2 protein, human; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D000431:Ethanol