title: A new method for determination of postmortem interval: citrate content of bone.
abstract: Few accurate methods exist currently to determine the time since death (postmortem interval, PMI) of skeletonized human remains found at crime scenes. Citrate is present as a constituent of living human and animal cortical bone at very uniform initial concentration (2.0 ± 0.1 wt %). In skeletal remains found in open landscape settings (whether buried or not), the concentration of citrate remains constant for a period of about 4 weeks, after which it decreases linearly as a function of log(time). The upper limit of the dating range is about 100 years. The precision of determination decreases slightly with age. The rate of decrease appears to be independent of temperature or rainfall but drops to zero for storage temperature <0°C.
authors.affiliation: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. schwarcz@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Henry P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schwarcz
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agur
authors.forename: Lee Meadows
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jantz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002048:Burial; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019343:Citric Acid