title: Clinical value of fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been approved for imaging in many malignancies but not for bladder cancer. This study investigated the value of FDG-PET/CT imaging in the management of patients with advanced bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2006 and February 2008, 57 patients with bladder cancer at our center underwent FDG-PET/CT after CT (n = 52) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 5). The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT was assessed using both organ-based and patient-based analyses. FDG-PET/CT findings were validated by either biopsy or serial CT/MRI. Clinician questionnaires performed before and after FDG-PET/CT assessed whether those scan results affected management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-five individual lesions were evaluable in 47 patients for the organ-based analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% CI, 76% to 94%) and 88% (95% CI, 78% to 95%), respectively. In the patient-based analysis, malignant disease was correctly diagnosed in 25 of 31 patients, resulting in a sensitivity of 81% (95% CI, 63% to 93%). FDG-PET/CT was negative in 15 of 16 patients without malignant lesions for a specificity of 94% (95% CI, 71% to 100%). Pre- and post-PET surveys revealed that FDG-PET/CT detected more malignant disease than conventional CT/MRI in 40% of patients. Post-PET surveys showed that clinicians changed their planned management in 68% of patients based on the FDG-PET/CT results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET/CT has excellent sensitivity and specificity in the detection of metastatic bladder cancer and provides additional diagnostic information that enhances clinical management more than CT/MRI alone. FDG-PET/CT scans may provide better accuracy in clinical information for directing therapy.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Apolo
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riches
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schöder
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trout
authors.forename: Matthew I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Milowsky
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18