title: Cardiac and peripheral adjustments induced by early exercise training intervention were associated with autonomic improvement in infarcted rats: role in functional capacity and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of early exercise training (ET) on left ventricular (LV) and autonomic functions, haemodynamics, tissues blood flows (BFs), maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2) max), and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into: control (C), sedentary-infarcted (SI), and trained-infarcted (TI). One week after MI, TI group underwent an ET protocol (90 days, 50-70% VO(2) max). Left ventricular function was evaluated non-invasively and invasively. Baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, and pulse interval were measured. Cardiac output (CO) and regional BFs were determined using coloured microspheres. Infarcted area was reduced in TI (19 ± 6%) compared with SI (34 ± 5%) after ET. Exercise training improved the LV and autonomic functions, the CO and regional BF changes induced by MI, as well as increased SERCA2 expression and mRNA vascular endothelial growth factor levels. These changes brought about by ET resulted in mortality rate reduction in the TI (13%) group compared with the SI (54%) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early aerobic ET reduced cardiac and peripheral dysfunctions and preserved cardiovascular autonomic control after MI in trained rats. Consequently, these ET-induced changes resulted in improved functional capacity and survival after MI.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44-Subsolo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Kaleizu Teodoro
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malfitano
authors.forename: Tatiana Carolina Alba
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Patricia Chakur
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacchini
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Montano
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: Maria-Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C506948:Atp2a2 protein, rat; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases