title: Reversal of age-related thymic involution by an LHRH agonist in miniature swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF STUDY: We have previously demonstrated a requirement for the presence of a juvenile thymus for the induction of transplantation tolerance to renal allografts by a short-course of calcineurin inhibition in miniature swine. We have also shown that aged, involuted thymi can be rejuvenated when transplanted as vascularized thymic lobes into juvenile swine recipients. The present studies were aimed at elucidating the extrinsic factors facilitating this restoration of function in the aged thymus. In particular, we tested the impact of sex steroid blockade by Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH).
  
  
  METHODS
  30 naive animals (25 males and 5 females) were used for measurement of serum testosterone levels. 3 mature male pigs (aged at 22, 22 and 29 months old) were used to test the effects of Lupron (LHRH analog) injection at 45 mg (per 70-80 kg body weight) as a 3-month depot on testosterone levels and thymic rejuvenation. Thymic rejuvenation was assessed by histology, flow cytometric analysis, morphometric analysis and TREC assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hormonal alterations were induced by Lupron and resulted in macroscopic and histologic regeneration of the thymus of aged animals within 2 months, as evidenced by restoration of juvenile thymus architecture and increased cellularity. Two animals that were evaluated for TREC both showed increased levels in the periphery following Lupron treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of aged animals with Lupron leads to thymic rejuventaion in adult miniature swine. This result could expand the applicability of thymus-dependent tolerance-inducing regimens to adult recipients.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumi
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Griesemer
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nobori
authors.forename: Aseda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tena
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arn
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007267:Injections; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012038:Regeneration / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013739:Testosterone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D016729:Leuprolide