title: Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4) is a widely used marker to monitor the differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Little is known about the expression pattern of SSEA-4 in solid tumors up to now.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the expression of SSEA-4 in 479 cases of various degrees of ovarian epithelial lesions by immunohistochemistry, consisting of 45 normal ovarian epithelia, 110 benign serous ovarian cystadenomas, 68 borderline serous ovarian cystadenomas, 104 invasive serous ovarian carcinomas, 64 benign serous mucinous cystadenomas, 48 borderline mucinous ovarian cystadenomas, and 40 invasive mucinous carcinomas. Moreover, the association between SSEA-4 expression and clinicopathological parameters was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of SSEA-4 was found to be increased from normal epithelium to benign cystadenoma and to borderline cystadenoma and adenocarcinoma in both serous and mucinous group. The loss or reduction of the expression of SSEA-4 was significantly correlated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer tumor cell differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We therefore proposed that SSEA-4 may play a role during the oncogenesis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and posses a tumor suppressor effect during malignancy promotion. It could be a potential therapy target in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Huaizeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018291:Cystadenoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018293:Cystadenoma, Serous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016610:Tissue Embedding
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; C066584:stage-specific embryonic antigen-4