title: Translational applications of microRNA genes in medulloblastomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a critical assessment of the clinical translational applications of microRNA (miRNA) genes in medulloblastomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from MEDLINE using Boolean-formatted keyword queries. Top articles were selected for critical analyses - depending on the novelty of findings, qualitative assessment of the citation index and relevance to the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targeting of medulloblastomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MiRNAs, non-protein-coding RNA molecules, negatively regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner during biological processes. In the past few years, miRNA genes have emerged as key regulators of not only molecular events involved in normal brain development and function but also in the molecular pathogenesis of medulloblastomas. In this manner, microRNA genes are identified with functional roles as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. At least four miRNAs have proven useful in improving the molecular classification of medulloblastomas, and eight others have shown potential in predicting patients' overall prognosis. Moreover, more than 10 miRNA genes can be potentially utilized in therapies against medulloblastomas, using nine recent methods of targetting miRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quest to identify miRNA genes that are of biological significance in medulloblastomas is on an ongoing venture. Most importantly, these miRNAs have been shown to be of clinical importance for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis and even developing therapies that can significantly improve patients' overall survival from this deadly disease.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Norbert F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ajeawung
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kamnasaran
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs