title: Utility of organotypic raphe slice cultures to investigate the effects of sustained exposure to selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors on 5-HT release.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used antidepressants and their therapeutic effect requires several weeks of drug administration. The delayed onset of SSRI efficacy is due to the slow neuroadaptive changes of the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) system. In this study, we examined the acute and chronic effects of SSRIs on the 5-HTergic system using rat raphe slice cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  For organotypic raphe slice cultures, mesencephalic coronal sections containing dorsal and median raphe nuclei were prepared from neonatal Wistar rats and cultured for 14-16 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute treatment with citalopram, paroxetine or fluoxetine (0.1-10 µM) in the slice cultures slightly increased extracellular 5-HT levels, while sustained exposure for 4 days augmented the elevation of 5-HT level in a time-dependent manner. Sustained exposure to citalopram had no effect on tissue contents of 5-HT and its metabolite, expression of tryptophan hydroxylase or the membrane expression of 5-HT transporters. The augmented 5-HT release was attenuated by Ca(2+) -free incubation medium or treatment with tetrodotoxin. Experiments with 5-HT(1A/B) receptor agonists and antagonists revealed that desensitization of 5-HT(1) autoreceptors was not involved in the augmentation of 5-HT release. Finally, co-treatment with an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate, but not an N-methyl-d-aspartate, receptor antagonist, suppressed this augmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that sustained exposure to SSRIs induces the augmentation of exocytotic 5-HT release, which is caused, at least in part, by the activation of AMPA/kainate receptors in the raphe slice cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagayasu
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yatani
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitaichi
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017660:Autoreceptors / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017660:Autoreceptors; D002118:Calcium; D015283:Citalopram; D005473:Fluoxetine; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D017374:Paroxetine; D012701:Serotonin; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase