title: Endocytic machinery protein SlaB is dispensable for polarity establishment but necessary for polarity maintenance in hyphal tip cells of Aspergillus nidulans.
abstract: The Aspergillus nidulans endocytic internalization protein SlaB is essential, in agreement with the key role in apical extension attributed to endocytosis. We constructed, by gene replacement, a nitrate-inducible, ammonium-repressible slaB1 allele for conditional SlaB expression. Video microscopy showed that repressed slaB1 cells are able to establish but unable to maintain a stable polarity axis, arresting growth with budding-yeast-like morphology shortly after initially normal germ tube emergence. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged secretory v-SNARE SynA, which continuously recycles to the plasma membrane after being efficiently endocytosed, we establish that SlaB is crucial for endocytosis, although it is dispensable for the anterograde traffic of SynA and of the t-SNARE Pep12 to the plasma and vacuolar membrane, respectively. By confocal microscopy, repressed slaB1 germlings show deep plasma membrane invaginations. Ammonium-to-nitrate medium shift experiments demonstrated reversibility of the null polarity maintenance phenotype and correlation of normal apical extension with resumption of SynA endocytosis. In contrast, SlaB downregulation in hyphae that had progressed far beyond germ tube emergence led to marked polarity maintenance defects correlating with deficient SynA endocytosis. Thus, the strict correlation between abolishment of endocytosis and disability of polarity maintenance that we report here supports the view that hyphal growth requires coupling of secretion and endocytosis. However, downregulated slaB1 cells form F-actin clumps containing the actin-binding protein AbpA, and thus F-actin misregulation cannot be completely disregarded as a possible contributor to defective apical extension. Latrunculin B treatment of SlaB-downregulated tips reduced the formation of AbpA clumps without promoting growth and revealed the formation of cortical "comets" of AbpA.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: América
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hervás-Aguilar
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peñalva
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001233:Aspergillus nidulans / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025301:Hyphae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins