title: Contribution of ultrasonography to endometrial cancer screening in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer/Lynch syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Screening for endometrial cancer is recommended in women at risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer/Lynch syndrome. No screening tool has been validated. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of ultrasonography used to screen for atypical hyperplasia and cancer in women at risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer/Lynch syndrome. Endometrial biopsy was the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 85 women with mismatch repair gene mutations or Amsterdam II criteria who were studied prospectively at our institution, 58 had 96 paired ultrasound-biopsy evaluations and were included in the study. Transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasonographic finding was considered normal if no polyps or intrauterine abnormalities were seen and if the maximum endometrial thickness was less than 4 mm in postmenopausal women not receiving hormonal replacement therapy or less than 6 mm in other women. Endometrial biopsy results were categorized as not interpretable, normal, or showing atypical hyperplasia or cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio of ultrasonography were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 58 patients had a mean age of 42.5 years and a median follow-up duration of 51.4 months (range, 17-106 months; 246 patient exposure years). Cancer was diagnosed in 2 patients. Ultrasonography had 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value, 2.2 positive likelihood ratio, and 0 negative likelihood ratio. No interval cancers occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography had high sensitivity and an excellent negative likelihood ratio in this study. Further studies are needed, and ultrasonography should be compared with clinical follow-up, diagnostic hysteroscopy, or endometrial biopsy alone.
authors.affiliation: Gynecological and Oncological Surgery Department, Georges Pompidou European Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. fabrice.lecuru@egp.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lécuru
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huchon
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Anne Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bats
authors.forename: Marie Aude
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Le Frère Belda
authors.forename: Sylviane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olschwang
authors.forename: Pierre Laurent
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Puig
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017698:Postmenopause; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C094443:G-T mismatch-binding protein; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein