title: Efficacy of nitroxynil against Fasciola hepatica resistant to triclabendazole in a naturally infected sheep flock.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) and nitroxynil against a TCBZ-resistant Fasciola hepatica strain in a naturally infected sheep flock. The efficacies were measured by the faecal egg count reduction test. The level of F. hepatica antigens was tested in faeces; and haematological indices such as total proteins (TP), albumin, hepatic enzymes and total IgG were also studied. The results confirmed the resistance of F. hepatica against TCBZ in the flock with an efficacy during the first month post-treatment between 59.4% and 73.8%. In the nitroxynil group, the efficacy during the same period ranged between 81.3% and 86%, likely because the efficacy of this drug against 7- to 9-week-old immature stages is only 50-90%. Anemia was showed in all groups and white blood cells were always higher than the reference range. The values of TP and albumin were within normal range in most of the sheep, and an increase in hepatic enzymes confirmed the liver damage. Regarding total IgG, some negative correlations were found with egg excretion, and in relation to the level of antigens in faeces, these ones decreased immediately after treatment. We conclude that nitroxynil could be an alternative in case of TCBZ resistance.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas. 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Valladares
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Rosario Famularo
authors.forename: Nelida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pato
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castañón-Ordóñez
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordero-Pérez
authors.forename: Francisco Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rojo-Vázquez
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000469:parasitology; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000187:drug effects*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009611:Nitroxinil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000077682:Triclabendazole
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D000077682:Triclabendazole; D009611:Nitroxinil