title: The glabra1 mutation affects cuticle formation and plant responses to microbes.
abstract: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of defense that provides resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens in plants. Previous work indicates a role for plastidial glycerolipid biosynthesis in SAR. Specifically, mutations in FATTY ACID DESATURASE7 (FAD7), which lead to reduced trienoic fatty acid levels and compromised plastidial lipid biosynthesis, have been associated with defective SAR. We show that the defective SAR in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fad7-1 plants is not associated with a mutation in FAD7 but rather with a second-site mutation in GLABRA1 (GL1), a gene well known for its role in trichome formation. The compromised SAR in gl1 plants is associated with impairment in their cuticles. Furthermore, mutations in two other components of trichome development, GL3 and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, also impaired cuticle development and SAR. This suggests an overlap in the biochemical pathways leading to cuticle and trichome development. Interestingly, exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA) not only enhanced SAR in wild-type plants but also restored SAR in gl1 plants. In contrast to GA, the defense phytohoromes salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were unable to restore SAR in gl1 plants. GA application increased levels of cuticular components but not trichome formation on gl1 plants, thus implicating cuticle, but not trichomes, as an important component of SAR. Our findings question the prudence of using mutant backgrounds for genetic screens and underscore a need to reevaluate phenotypes previously studied in the gl1 background.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Keshun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Duroy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navarre
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seebold
authors.forename: Aardra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kachroo
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kachroo
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000254:growth & development*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014885:Waxes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005875:Gibberellins; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D054883:Oxylipins; D014885:Waxes; C071556:GL1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000521:cutin; C011006:jasmonic acid; C007842:gibberellic acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C084083:Fad7 protein, Arabidopsis; D020156:Salicylic Acid