title: [Increased anxiety and depression as long-term consequences of political imprisonment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By recent estimates, 200,000 persons were imprisoned for political reasons in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) between 1949 and 1989. Former political prisoners suffer from the experience of political persecution also in a long-term. The aim of this study was to assess long-term effects on anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anxiety and depression were assessed by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, German version (HADS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anxiety of the former political detainees is significantly increased in comparison to an age- and gender matched subsample of the general population (10 vs. 4,8; p < 0,001, effect size d = 1,33). The same applies to the depression (9.7 vs. 5,6; p < 0,001; effect size d = 0,92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even many years after the political detention people report highly increased anxiety and depression.
authors.affiliation: Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Department für Psychische Gesundheit, Medizinische Psychologie & Medizinische Soziologie, Leipzig, Germany. gregor.weissflog@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weissflog
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Grit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klinitzke
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brähler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003148:Communism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005859:Germany, East; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011057:Politics; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics