title: Hypersomnolence and sleep disorders in a rheumatic disease patient population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is increasing awareness of the importance of sleep in health maintenance. Our primary objective was to evaluate prevalence of excess daytime sleepiness in a rheumatic disease patient population. Secondary objectives included evaluation of prevalence of abnormal sleep quality and primary sleep disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive Rheumatology clinic patients were invited to participate in a self-administered questionnaire study. Included were measures for pain, fatigue, and global functioning, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Score, diagnostic criteria for restless legs syndrome (RLS), Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score (CES-D), stress scores, and the short form-36 quality of life instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 507 consecutive patients invited to participate, 423 agreed. Mean age was 52.1 years; 26% were male. Prevalence of excessive sleepiness (ESS >10) was 25.7%, abnormal sleep quality (PSQI >5) was 67.3%, high risk for obstructive sleep apnea Berlin scores were present in 35.2% and 24% of participants met criteria for RLS. Significantly worse pain, fatigue, global function, short form-36 summary scores, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, depression, and stress scores were present in patients with higher ESS and PSQI scores. No significant differences in sleep assessment scores were observed between specific rheumatic disease groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest a high prevalence of unrecognized hypersomnolence, poor sleep quality, and primary sleep disorders in rheumatology patients. We suggest evaluation of sleep health be incorporated into standard clinical assessments of all rheumatology patients. We would recommend this evaluation include the ESS and the criteria for RLS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. r.gjevre@usask.ca
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Taylor-Gjevre
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gjevre
authors.forename: Bindu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skomro
authors.forename: Hyun J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult