Impact of community-based maternal health workers on coverage of essential maternal health interventions among internally displaced communities in eastern Burma: the MOM project.
BACKGROUND
Access to essential maternal and reproductive health care is poor throughout Burma, but is particularly lacking among internally displaced communities in the eastern border regions. In such settings, innovative strategies for accessing vulnerable populations and delivering basic public health interventions are urgently needed.


METHODS
Four ethnic health organizations from the Shan, Mon, Karen, and Karenni regions collaborated on a pilot project between 2005 and 2008 to examine the feasibility of an innovative three-tiered network of community-based providers for delivery of maternal health interventions in the complex emergency setting of eastern Burma. Two-stage cluster-sampling surveys among ever-married women of reproductive age (15-45 y) conducted before and after program implementation enabled evaluation of changes in coverage of essential antenatal care interventions, attendance at birth by those trained to manage complications, postnatal care, and family planning services.


RESULTS
Among 2,889 and 2,442 women of reproductive age in 2006 and 2008, respectively, population characteristics (age, marital status, ethnic distribution, literacy) were similar. Compared to baseline, women whose most recent pregnancy occurred during the implementation period were substantially more likely to receive antenatal care (71.8% versus 39.3%, prevalence rate ratio [PRR] = 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64-2.04]) and specific interventions such as urine testing (42.4% versus 15.7%, PRR = 2.69 [95% CI 2.69-3.54]), malaria screening (55.9% versus 21.9%, PRR = 2.88 [95% CI 2.15-3.85]), and deworming (58.2% versus 4.1%, PRR = 14.18 [95% CI 10.76-18.71]. Postnatal care visits within 7 d doubled. Use of modern methods to avoid pregnancy increased from 23.9% to 45.0% (PRR = 1.88 [95% CI 1.63-2.17]), and unmet need for contraception was reduced from 61.7% to 40.5%, a relative reduction of 35% (95% CI 28%-40%). Attendance at birth by those trained to deliver elements of emergency obstetric care increased almost 10-fold, from 5.1% to 48.7% (PRR = 9.55 [95% CI 7.21-12.64]).


CONCLUSIONS
Coverage of maternal health interventions and higher-level care at birth was substantially higher during the project period. The MOM Project's focus on task-shifting, capacity building, and empowerment at the community level might serve as a model approach for similarly constrained settings.
Mullany
Luke C
LC
Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. lmullany@jhsph.edu
Lee
Thomas J
TJ
Yone
Lin
L
Lee
Catherine I
CI
Teela
Katherine C
KC
Paw
Palae
P
Shwe Oo
Eh Kalu
EK
Maung
Cynthia
C
Kuiper
Heather
H
Masenior
Nicole F
NF
Beyrer
Chris
C
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019058:Community Networks / Q000639:trends; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D002052:Myanmar / Q000208:ethnology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000208:ethnology*; D055815:Young Adult