title: Anti-albuminuric efficacy of a combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor & angiotensin receptor blocker in type 1 DM with nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of the combination of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) with nephropathy is debatable. The antialbuminuric efficacy of dual blockade in patients of type 1 DM with micro- or macroabuminuria were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this open label observational study 30 patients (20 male 10 female) with type 1 DM were included who were initially treated with telmisartan 80 mg for eight weeks followed by addition of ramipril 10 mg for a further eight weeks. Albuminuria reduction was studied at the end of each phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapy with telmisartan for 8 wk resulted in a 39 per cent (P<0.01) reduction in albumin excretion rate (AER). Combination therapy with telmisartan and ramipril produced a further reduction in AER of 33.4 per cent (P<0.01), amounting to a total AER reduction of 59 per cent (P<0.001). Dual blockade was more effective in the group of macroalbuminuric as compared to microalbuminuric subjects (P<0.05). Telmisartan produced a significant reduction in SBP (P<0.05). The addition of ramipril produced a further reduction in BP, the total reduction being 10.3 in SBP and 7.2 mmHg in DBP (P<0.001 for both). There was an increase in mean serum potassium of 0.39 mmol/l (P<0.01) from baseline at the end of the study period and two patients had hyperkalemia>5.5 mmol/l with dual blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual blockade with ramipril enhanced the antialbuminuric efficacy of telmisartan and further reduced blood pressure. The effect of dual blockade was more pronounced in the macroalbuminuric subjects and it was well tolerated. However, careful monitoring of serum potassium is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anantharaman
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.forename: Sanjay K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhadada
authors.forename: Harbir S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: Pinaki
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayaprakash
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Upreti
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000077333:Telmisartan
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017257:Ramipril; D011188:Potassium; D000077333:Telmisartan