title: Dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 inhibit BMP-mediated Smad, p38 and Akt signalling in C2C12 cells.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key regulators of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. BMPs signal through a coordinated assembly of two types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors to induce Smad1/5/8 plus non-Smad pathways, such as MAPK and Akt. The recent discovery of BMP receptor inhibitors opened new avenues to study specific BMP signalling and to delineate this effect from TGF-β and Activin signalling. Here we present comprehensive and quantitative analyses on both canonical and non-Smad mediated BMP signalling under Dorsomorphin (DM) and LDN-193189 (LDN) treatment conditions. We demonstrate for the first time, that both compounds affect not only the Smad but also the non-Smad signalling pathways induced by either BMP2, BMP6 or GDF5. The activation of p38, ERK1/2 and Akt in C2C12 cells was inhibited by DM and LDN. In addition "off-target" effects on all branches of BMP non-Smad signalling are presented. From this we conclude that the inhibition of BMP receptors by DM and more efficiently by LDN-193189 affects all known BMP induced signalling cascades.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Boergermann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D051379:Mice; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C554430:LDN 193189; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D051785:Smad Proteins; C516138:dorsomorphin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases