title: Interpenetrating network hydrogel membranes of sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol) for controlled release of prazosin hydrochloride through skin.
abstract: Interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel membranes of sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by solvent casting method for transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive drug, prazosin hydrochloride. The prepared membranes were thin, flexible and smooth. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated the amorphous dispersion of drug in the membranes. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the IPN formation and suggests that the membrane stiffness increases with increased concentration of glutaraldehyde (GA) in the membranes. All the membranes were permeable to water vapors depending upon the extent of cross-linking. The in vitro drug release study was performed through excised rat abdominal skin; drug release depends on the concentrations of GA in membranes. The IPN membranes extended drug release up to 24 h, while SA and PVA membranes discharged the drug quickly. The primary skin irritation and skin histopathology study indicated that the prepared IPN membranes were less irritant and safe for skin application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, BLDEA's College of Pharmacy, BLDE University Campus, Solapur Road, Bijapur 586103, Karnataka, India. pharma 75raghu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Raghavendra V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sreedhar
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutalik
authors.forename: C Mallikarjun
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Setty
authors.forename: Biswanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sa
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013227:Steam; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D013227:Steam; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D011224:Prazosin