title: Combined pretherapeutic endoscopic and laparoscopic ultrasonography may predict survival of patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of endoscopic and laparoscopic ultrasonography (EUS-LUS) is accurate for resectability assessment of patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC). But neither the ability of EUS/LUS to predict long-term prognosis nor the potential impact on patient survival using this selection strategy has been investigated. This prospective, single-center study evaluated whether pretherapeutic EUS-LUS stratification related to the prognosis in UGIC patients and whether patient selection by this strategy provided a prognostic outcome comparable with survival data from the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient had a pretherapeutic tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and a resectability assessment assigned based on EUS-LUS findings. Survival curves were constructed and compared for each of the EUS-LUS TNM stage and resectability groups at the end of the observation period. Finally, the R0 resection rate, median, and 5-year survival rates were compared with the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study enrolled 936 consecutive patients with esophageal (n = 256), gastric (n = 273), or pancreatic (n = 407) cancer. A statistically significant survival difference (p < 0.01) between the different TNM stages and resectability groups predicted by EUS-LUS was observed regardless of the cancer type. The poor prognosis for the patients with irresectable or disseminated UGIC was accurately predicted by EUS and LUS. The R0 resection rate as well as the median and 5-year survival rates were comparable with data from the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pretherapeutic EUS-LUS patient stratification related significantly to the final prognosis for UGIC patients. An EUS-LUS-based patient selection strategy seemed to provide a prognostic outcome similar to data from computed tomography (CT)-based populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. m.bau@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Michael Bau
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fristrup
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: Henning Overgaard
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pless
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hovendal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult