title: A critical tryptophan and Ca2+ in activation and catalysis of TPPI, the enzyme deficient in classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase I (TPPI) is a crucial lysosomal enzyme that is deficient in the fatal neurodegenerative disorder called classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL). It is involved in the catabolism of proteins in the lysosomes. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies have provided insights into the structural/functional aspects of TPPI catalysis, and indicated presence of an octahedrally coordinated Ca(2+).
  
  
  METHODS
  Purified precursor and mature TPPI were used to study inhibition by NBS and EDTA using biochemical and immunological approaches. Site-directed mutagenesis with confocal imaging technique identified a critical W residue in TPPI activity, and the processing of precursor into mature enzyme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NBS is a potent inhibitor of the purified TPPI. In mammalian TPPI, W542 is critical for tripeptidyl peptidase activity as well as autocatalysis. Transfection studies have indicated that mutants of the TPPI that harbor residues other than W at position 542 have delayed processing, and are retained in the ER rather than transported to lysosomes. EDTA inhibits the autocatalytic processing of the precursor TPPI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that W542 and Ca(2+) are critical for maintaining the proper tertiary structure of the precursor proprotein as well as the mature TPPI. Additionally, Ca(2+) is necessary for the autocatalytic processing of the precursor protein into the mature TPPI. We have identified NBS as a potent TPPI inhibitor, which led in delineating a critical role for W542 residue. Studies with such compounds will prove valuable in identifying the critical residues in the TPPI catalysis and its structure-function analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuizon
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: DiMaiuta
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walus
authors.forename: Edmund C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuizon
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Adam A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Golabek
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Raju K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pullarkat
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Junaid
mesh_terms: D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001974:Bromosuccinimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D009472:Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses / Q000201:enzymology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021381:Protein Transport; D057057:Serine Proteases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091346:Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D007211:Indoles; D000091346:Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1; D014364:Tryptophan; D057057:Serine Proteases; D000626:Aminopeptidases; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; C000717267:TPP1 protein, human; D001974:Bromosuccinimide; D002118:Calcium