title: The neutralizing antibody response to the vaccinia virus A28 protein is specifically enhanced by its association with the H2 protein.
abstract: The vaccinia virus (VACV) entry-fusion complex (EFC) is composed of at least nine membrane proteins. Immunization of mice with individual EFC genes induced corresponding protein-binding antibody but failed to protect against VACV intranasal challenge and only DNA encoding A28 elicited low neutralizing antibody. Because the A28 and H2 proteins interact, we determined the effect of immunizing with both genes simultaneously. This procedure greatly enhanced the amount of antibody that bound intact virions, neutralized infectivity, and provided partial protection against respiratory challenge. Neither injection of A28 and H2 plasmids at different sites or mixing A28 and H2 sera enhanced neutralizing antibody. The neutralizing antibody could be completely removed by binding to the A28 protein alone and the epitope was located in the C-terminal segment. These data suggest that the interaction of H2 with A28 stabilizes the immunogenic form of A28, mimicking an exposed region of the entry-fusion complex on infectious virions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3210, USA.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines