title: Universal surfactant for water, oils, and CO2.
abstract: A trichain anionic surfactant sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate (TC14) is shown to aggregate in three different types of solvent: water, heptane, and liquid CO(2). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to characterize the surfactant aggregates in water, heptane, and dense CO(2). Surface tension measurements, and analyses, show that the addition of a third branched chain to the surfactant structural template is critical for sufficiently lowering the surface energy, tipping the balance between a CO(2)-incompatible surfactant (AOT) and CO(2)-philic compounds that will aggregate to form micelles in dense CO(2) (TC14). These results highlight TC14 as one of the most adaptable and useful surfactants discovered to date, being compatible with a wide range of solvent types from high dielectric polar solvent water to alkanes with low dielectrics and even being active in the uncooperative and challenging solvent environment of liquid CO(2).
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Kieran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trickett
authors.forename: Swee Yee
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagisaka
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nave
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Heenan
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eastoe
mesh_terms: D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C554067:sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide