title: Bioflocculation of grey water for improved energy recovery within decentralized sanitation concepts.
abstract: Bioflocculation of grey water was tested with a lab-scale membrane bioreactor in order to concentrate the COD. Three concentration factors were tested based on the ratio of sludge retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT): 3, 8 and 12. COD concentration factor was up to 7.1, achieving a final concentration of 7.2 g COD L(-1). Large fractions of suspended COD were recovered in the concentrate (57%, 81% and 82% at SRT/HRT ratios of 3, 8 and 12, respectively) indicating a strong bioflocculation of grey water. A maximum of 11% of COD mineralization of grey water was measured at the longest SRT tested (1 d). The integration of bioflocculation of grey water in decentralized sanitation concepts may increase the overall production of methane by 73%, based on the biogas produced by black water only. Therefore, bioflocculation is a promising grey water pre-treatment step for energy recovery within decentralized sanitation concepts.
authors.affiliation: Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. lucia.hernandez@wetsus.nl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernández Leal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Temmink
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeeman
authors.forename: C J N
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Buisman
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057219:Biofouling; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources / Q000379:methods*; D005427:Flocculation; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D011312:Pressure; D012499:Sanitation / Q000379:methods*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D010100:Oxygen