title: Development of methotrexate proline prodrug to overcome resistance by MDA-MB-231 cells.
abstract: The resistance to methotrexate by a number of cancer cells such as breast cancer cell-line MDA-MB-231 due to poor permeability renders it less effective as an anticancer agent for these cells. Proline prodrug of methotrexate (Pro-MTX) was designed as a substrate of prolidase which is specific for imido bond of dipeptide containing proline and expected to penetrate MDA-MB-231 cells more efficiently. The prodrug was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis method and examined as a substrate of pure prolidase as well as cell homogenate. The cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and non-methotrexate resistant breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 was also examined by XTT assay. The results showed that Pro-MTX was a substrate of prolidase. It was also shown that the prodrug could be converted to parent drug methotrexate in Caco-2 and HeLa cell homogenate. When tested with Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells, Pro-MTX showed weaker cytotoxicity compared with methotrexate. But for methotrexate resistant MDA-MB-231 cells, Pro-MTX showed stronger activity than methotrexate. The results indicated that the proline prodrug of methotrexate may overcome the resistance of human breast cancer cells in culture.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. james.wu@liu.edu
authors.forename: Zhiqian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Anandkumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011355:Prodrugs; D011392:Proline; D008727:Methotrexate