Pulmonary manifestations of scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease.
Pulmonary manifestations are common in connective tissue diseases, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are clinical entities for which the detection of lung involvement is essential to improve patient care and outcomes. This article discusses the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and evaluation of the patient with pulmonary disease related to SSc and MCTD, with an emphasis on interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension.
Hant
Faye N
FN
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-6370, USA. hant@musc.edu
Herpel
Laura B
LB
Silver
Richard M
RM
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008947:Mixed Connective Tissue Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D045743:Scleroderma, Diffuse / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D045745:Scleroderma, Limited / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
D015415:Biomarkers