title: The bicycle helmet attitudes scale: using the health belief model to predict helmet use among undergraduates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined bicycle helmet attitudes and practices of college undergraduates and developed the Bicycle Helmet Attitudes Scale, which was guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM; Rosenstock, 1974, in Becker MH, ed. The Health Belief Model and Personal Health Behavior. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack; 1974:328-335) to predict reported helmet use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students (N = 337) from a mid-sized university in the southeast completed a survey between November 2006 and November 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed a comprehensive survey on attitudes and behaviors relevant to bicycle helmet use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resulting Bicycle Helmet Attitudes Scale contains 57 items and represents 10 reliable subscales that reflect the HBM. Only 12% of students were self-reported helmet users. Bicycle Helmet Attitudes Scale scores captured 52% of the variance associated with helmet use; each subscale differentiated wearers from nonwearers. Men reported more media influences than did women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utility of the HBM to predicted bicycle helmet use was supported. Implications for promoting cycling safety are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. rosstp@cofc.edu
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Lisa Thomson
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Annalise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Shayla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cataldo
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D001642:Bicycling; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012449:Safety; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities