Incidence of bacteremias and invasive mycoses in children with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia: results from a multi-center Italian study.
BACKGROUND
Data on the epidemiology of bacteremias and invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are scarce.


METHODS
In a multi-center, retrospective study, we analyzed proportion, rate per 1,000 person-days at risk, and cumulative risk of bacteremias and IFD in children with AML.


RESULTS
Between January 1998 and December 2005, 240 children were treated for AML at 8 Italian Centers, for a total of 521 treatment courses and 63,232 person-days at risk. Bacteremia was observed in 32% of treatment courses and IFD was seen in 10% (P < 0.0001), with rates of 2.62 and 0.84, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significantly higher frequency of IFD during relapse treatment: proportion 15% versus 9% (P = 0.05), rate 2.10 versus 0.64 (P = 0.008) and cumulative risk 32% versus 12% (P = 0.007), while there were no differences in the proportion, rate and cumulative risk of bacteremia during front-line or relapse treatment. The epidemiology of bacteremias and IFD was different during front-line therapy for M3 as compared to other types of AML, but the differences were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Severe infectious complications are frequent during the treatment of pediatric AML, especially during relapse treatment, and bacteremias are more frequent than IFD.
Castagnola
Elio
E
Department Of Hematology and Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy. eliocastagnola@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
Rossi
Mario R
MR
Cesaro
Simone
S
Livadiotti
Susanna
S
Giacchino
Mareva
M
Zanazzo
Giulio
G
Fioredda
Francesca
F
Beretta
Chiara
C
Ciocchello
Francesca
F
Carli
Modesto
M
Putti
Maria Caterina
MC
Pansini
Valeria
V
Berger
Massimo
M
Licciardello
Maria
M
Farina
Silvia
S
Caviglia
Ilaria
I
Haupt
Riccardo
R
D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies