title: Cell therapy in tendon disorders: what is the current evidence?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various types of tissue-derived cells are being experimented with for the treatment of tendinopathy, tendon repair, and use in tissue engineering.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic review is to explore the current evidence with a view to evaluate the potential of this therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed. Search criteria included keywords "tendinopathy," "tendinitis," "tendinosis," "epicondylitis," "stem cell," and "cell therapy." Articles not written in English language were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total number of 379 articles were identified and a critical appraisal of the relevant articles was undertaken, which encompassed human and animal research. The review included articles related to various tissue-derived cells such as tendon progenitors, adipose tissue, synovium, muscle, bone marrow, and skin. The utility of cell therapy in tissue engineering and rotator cuff repair was also assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the limitation of the available evidence, the literature suggests that cell therapy is applicable and may be effective for the treatment of tendinopathy. However, further research into the precise biological mechanisms, long-term implications, and cost-effectiveness is needed.
authors.affiliation: Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, United Kingdom. haron@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Haron
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obaid
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Connell
mesh_terms: D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing