title: Interventions for treating osteochondral defects of the talus in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteochondral defects of the talus are usually a consequence of trauma. They can cause chronic pain and serious disability. Various interventions, non-surgical and surgical, have been used for treating these defects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review is to determine the benefits and harms of the interventions used for treating osteochondral defects of the talus in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, Current Controlled Trials, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and reference lists of articles. Date of last search: December 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible for inclusion were any randomised or quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating interventions for treating osteochondral defects of the talus in adults. Our primary outcomes included pain, ankle function, treatment failure (unresolved symptoms or reoperation) and health-related quality of life. Preference was given to validated, patient-reported outcome measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two review authors independently evaluated trials for inclusion and, for the included trial, independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One small trial with 15 participants and six months follow-up was included. This trial was published only as a conference abstract, which provided inadequate information to judge the trial's methods and no numerical results. The trial reported that a series of three intra-articular hyaluronan injections started three weeks after arthroscopic microfracture did not to improve pain but may have improved one aspect of mobility. There were no available data to check this claim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine which interventions are best for osteochondral defects of the talus in adults. High quality randomised trials are required to guide non-surgical and surgical treatment decisions for these injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK, CB2 0QQ.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loveday
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013628:Talus / Q000293:injuries*; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D055675:Viscosupplements; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid