title: Gene array and fluorescence in situ hybridization biomarkers of activity of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src inhibitor, in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of saracatinib (AZD0530), an oral Src inhibitor, in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to identify biomarkers that predict antitumor activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three CRC cell lines were exposed to saracatinib, and baseline gene expression profiles of three sensitive and eight resistant cell lines in vitro and in vivo were used to predict saracatinib sensitivity in an independent group of 10 human CRC explant tumors using the gene array K-Top Scoring Pairs (K-TSP) method. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunoblotting determined both Src gene copy number and activation of Src, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of 10 explant tumors were determined to be sensitive to saracatinib. The K-TSP classifier (TOX>GLIS2, TSPAN7>BCAS4, and PARD6G>NXN) achieved 70% (7 of 10) accuracy on the test set. Evaluation of Src gene copy number by FISH showed a trend toward significance (P = 0.066) with respect to an increase in Src gene copy and resistance to saracatinib. Tumors sensitive to saracatinib showed an increase in the activation of Src and FAK when compared with resistant tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saracatinib significantly decreased tumor growth in a subset of CRC cell lines and explants. A K-TSP classifier (TOX>GLIS2, TSPAN7>BCAS4, and PARD6G>NXN) was predictive for sensitivity to saracatinib. In addition, increased activation of the Src pathway was associated with sensitivity to saracatinib. These results suggest that FISH, a K-TSP classifier, and activation of the Src pathway have potential in identifying CRC patients that would potentially benefit from treatment with saracatinib.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arcaroli
authors.forename: Basel M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Touban
authors.forename: Aik Choon
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Marileila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varella-Garcia
authors.forename: Rebecca W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: S Gail
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elvin
authors.forename: Dexiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wells A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Messersmith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; C515233:saracatinib