title: Motivation and diabetes self-management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between autonomous motivation and diabetes self-care activities among individuals with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven individuals recruited from outpatient clinic registries (64% female, 77% Caucasian, mean age 63 years) completed measures of diabetes-related self-care (Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities), motivation (Treatment Self-regulation Questionnaire), health literacy (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Newest Vital Sign), health (SF-36v2), social support (Social Support Survey) and self-efficacy (Perceived Competence Scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Autonomous motivation was the only variable significantly associated with maintaining diet (p<0.0001) and blood glucose testing (p<0.04) in regression analyses. No significant associations were identified for exercise. The variable of age approached significance (p = 0.06), with older individuals being less likely to have exercised in the past week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals in this study had difficulty in maintaining self-care demands, especially exercise. Meeting recommended levels of self-care activity was challenging, even for patients with adequate levels of health literacy. Individuals with higher levels of autonomous motivation reported higher frequencies for maintaining diet and testing blood glucose, however, which supports the utility of Self-Determination Theory in promoting diabetes self-care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, School of Health Professions One Hospital Drive, Columbia, USA. shigakic@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shigaki
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehr
authors.forename: Kennon M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.lastname: Bin Ge
authors.forename: Cherith
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemaster
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires