title: Clinical Phase I study with an Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 receptor inhibitor: experiences in patients with squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhibition of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has resulted in extensive anti-tumor effects. Picropdophyllin (PPP, AXL1717) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the IGF-1R without inhibition of closely related receptors including the insulin receptor and has shown extensive effects against a wide range of tumors in animals. PPP is currently tested as an orally administrated single agent treatment in an open-label combined Phase I/II clinical study in advanced cancer patients with solid tumors which progress in spite of several lines of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first part (Phase IA) consisted of single day BID dosing every three weeks with consecutive dose escalations. The second part (Phase IB) consists of seven days or longer BID dosing every three weeks, dosing range being 520-700 mg BID. Non-progressing patients could continue treatment within a compassionate use setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present report describes our experience with the four patients with progressive squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have received treatment with PPP. Despite more than seven months of PPP treatment as third or fourth line treatment, the reported patients did not develop any additional metastases. Furthermore, CT scans as well as (18)FDG-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans of the patients demonstrated large central necrotic areas, which may suggest tumor response. At the same time, the study drug is so far well tolerated. The phenomenon of necrosis in the tumors suggestive of tumor response has not been reported before in anti-IGF-1R treatment and will be subject to further studies in the present clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oncology, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Sweden. Simon.Ekman@onkologi.uu.se
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Frödin
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harmenberg
authors.forename: Antonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dahg
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvfors
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ståhl
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergqvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1