title: Transcatheter embolization of a huge renal arteriovenous fistula with Amplatzer Vascular Plug.
abstract: A large renal arteriovenous fistula (RAF) may lead to heart failure, renal insufficiency, hematuria, and progressive increase in size of renal vessels. Here we present the case of a 67-year-old man with a huge left RAF, who suffered from exertional dyspnea, nocturnal orthopnea, and impaired renal function. The left renal vein and inferior vena cava were dilated to 4 cm. An Amplatzer Vascular Plug with the largest size of 30 mm in disk diameter was deployed to block the fistula, with balloons inflated at renal artery and vein in advance, to reduce the renal flow in order to prevent plug migration. The decrease of shunt flow after embolization was suboptimal. However, dyspnea ameliorated, which was associated with decreased cardiac murmur, subsided abdominal bruit, normalization of the lowered diastolic pressure, and better renal function. In addition, more microcoils can be applied, using the lodged plug as a framework, to achieve the best clinical improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1 E-Da Road, Jiau-Shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Po-Chin
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Fu-Tien
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chuen-Den
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Yung-Zu
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Kwan-Lih
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome