title: Prevalence and treatment outcome in anxious versus nonanxious depression: results from the German Algorithm Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of anxious depression in an inpatient population, to describe its clinical and sociodemographic correlates, and to compare treatment outcomes between patients with anxious and nonanxious depression. Furthermore, the efficacy of algorithm-guided treatment versus treatment as usual in patients with anxious versus nonanxious depression was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 429 inpatients with the diagnosis of a depressive episode (according to ICD-10) and a score of ≥ or = 15 on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21). The German Algorithm Project, phase 3 (GAP3), was conducted between 2000 and 2005 in 10 psychiatric departments throughout Germany. A baseline HDRS-21 anxiety/somatization factor score of ≥ or = 7 was considered indicative of anxious depression. Remission was defined as an HDRS-21 score or ≤ = 9. To evaluate the efficacy of algorithm-guided treatment, patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 2 different treatment algorithms or treatment as usual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of anxious depression was 49%. Patients with anxious depression were more likely than those with nonanxious depression to be older (mean ± SD = 45.3 ± 12.8 vs 42.9 ± 12.0 years, odds ratio [OR] = 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.03], P = .046), retired (70% vs 30%, OR = 3.09 [95% CI, 1.70-5.62], P = .000), without school qualification (74% vs 26%, OR = 3.11 [95% CI, 1.09-8.83], P = .035), more severely depressed (mean ± SD HDRS-21 score = 20.1 ± 5.0 vs 18.5 ± 4.4, OR = 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03-1.12], P = .001), and more likely to have a longer duration of the current episode (mean ± SD = 20.9 ± 26.2 vs 13.7 ± 14.3 weeks, OR = 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03], P = .011). Patients with anxious depression were more likely to display a variety of melancholic features. In patients with anxious depression compared to those with nonanxious depression, remission was less likely to be achieved (48.6% vs 61.5%, OR = 0.63 [95% CI, 0.42-0.92], P = .018) and took longer to occur (mean ± SD = 44 ± 3.4 vs 30 ± 2.8 days, HR = 0.65 [95% CI, 0.50-0.85], P = .001). There was no significant interaction with the treatment mode with regard to remission (Wald = 0.20, P = .890).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxious depression is common in patients diagnosed with depression. The poorer treatment outcome in patients with anxious depression demonstrates the need to address the issue of specific treatment strategies for this subgroup. However, anxious depression has no moderating effect on the efficacy of algorithm-guided treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.germanctr.de/ Identifier: DRKS00000161.
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany. katja.wiethoff@charite.de
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiethoff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Baghai
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hollinde
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiermeir
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hauth
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laux
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brieger
authors.forename: Klaus-Thomas
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kronmüller
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeiler
authors.forename: Mazda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents