title: [GADA persistence and detectable C peptide in patients with long standing diabetes mellitus type 1].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate if GADA+ and detectable CP had any influence in other autoimmune diseases, glycemic control, and risks of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) lasting longer than 3 years of duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty T1DM subjects were interviewed, performed fundoscopic examination, and measured CP before and after glucagon, HbA1C, and GADA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GADA+ (n = 17) had a higher frequency of other autoimmune diseases when compared to GADA (p = 0.02). Detectable CP was also associated with a higher prevalence of these diseases (p = 0.03), although, retinopathy was not influenced by either one. Detectable CP had no influence in the glycemic control (mean HbA1C) (p = 0.28). However, insulin daily doses were lower in this group (0.62 vs. 0.91 U/kg/day; p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not recommend as a marker of other autoimmune diseases, GADA+ seems to be not only a pancreatic autoimmunity signal. Detectable CP may also have some promising influence in detecting these diseases. Neither influenced the presence of retinopathy, but insulin daily requirements were smaller when CP was present.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. fmserfaty@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fabiano Marcel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Serfaty
authors.forename: Joana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Mirella H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Juliana Domingues G
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Lenita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zajdenverg
authors.forename: Adolpho
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milech
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodacki
authors.forename: José Egídio Paulo de
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D002096:C-Peptide; D005934:Glucagon; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human