title: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 group M quasispecies evolution: diversity and divergence in patients co-infected with active tuberculosis.
abstract: The evolution of intra-host human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) quasispecies prior and after treating active tuberculosis (TB) with chemotherapy in HIV-1/TB patients was assessed. Two time points HIV-1 quasispecies were evaluated by comparing HIV-1-infected patients with active tuberculosis (HIV-1/TB) and HIV-1-infected patients without tuberculosis (HIV-1/non-TB). Plasma samples were obtained from the Frankfurt HIV cohort, and HIV-1 RNA was isolated. C2V5 env was amplified by PCR and molecular cloning was performed. Eight to twenty-five clones were sequenced from each patient. Various phylogenetic analyses were performed. We found a significant increase in diversity and divergence in HIV-1/TB compared to the HIV-1/non-TB. For HIV-1/TB, the average rate of evolution of C2V5 env was higher than previous reports (2.4 × 10(-4) substitution/site/day). Two groups of HIV-1/TB were observed based on the rate of HIV-1 evolution and coreceptor usage: A fast evolving R5-tropic dominating group and a relatively slowly evolving X4 group. The results demonstrated that active TB has an impact on HIV-1 viral diversity and divergence over time. The influence of active TB on longitudinal evolution of HIV-1 may be predominant for R5 viruses.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Virology, Hospital of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. tsigereda76@yahoo.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biru
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lennemann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stürmer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nisius
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cinatl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staszewski
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gürtler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D053585:Virus Attachment; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus