title: Increasing the realism of a laparoscopic box trainer: a simple, inexpensive method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simulation-based training in medical education is increasing. Realism is an integral element of creating an engaging, effective training environment. Although physical trainers offer a low-cost alternative to expensive virtual reality (VR) simulators, many lack in realism. The aim of this research was to enhance the realism of a laparoscopic box trainer by using a simple, inexpensive method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital images of the abdominal cavity were captured from a VR simulator. The images were printed onto a laminated card that lined the bottom and sides of the box-trainer cavity. The standard black neoprene material that encloses the abdominal cavity was replaced with a skin-colored silicon model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The realism of the modified box trainer was assessed by surgeons, using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Results suggest that the modified box trainer was more realistic than a standard box trainer alone. Incorporating this technique in the training of laparoscopic skills is an inexpensive means of emulating surgical reality that may enhance the engagement of the learner in simulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kassab
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kneebone
mesh_terms: D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D014584:User-Computer Interface