title: A previously unrecognized promoter of LMO2 forms part of a transcriptional regulatory circuit mediating LMO2 expression in a subset of T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients.
abstract: The T-cell oncogene Lim-only 2 (LMO2) critically influences both normal and malignant haematopoiesis. LMO2 is not normally expressed in T cells, yet ectopic expression is seen in the majority of T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) patients with specific translocations involving LMO2 in only a subset of these patients. Ectopic lmo2 expression in thymocytes of transgenic mice causes T-ALL, and retroviral vector integration into the LMO2 locus was implicated in the development of clonal T-cell disease in patients undergoing gene therapy. Using array-based chromatin immunoprecipitation, we now demonstrate that in contrast to B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, human T-ALL samples largely use promoter elements with little influence from distal enhancers. Active LMO2 promoter elements in T-ALL included a previously unrecognized third promoter, which we demonstrate to be active in cell lines, primary T-ALL patients and transgenic mice. The ETS factors ERG and FLI1 previously implicated in lmo2-dependent mouse models of T-ALL bind to the novel LMO2 promoter in human T-ALL samples, while in return LMO2 binds to blood stem/progenitor enhancers in the FLI1 and ERG gene loci. Moreover, LMO2, ERG and FLI1 all regulate the +1 enhancer of HHEX/PRH, which was recently implicated as a key mediator of early progenitor expansion in LMO2-driven T-ALL. Our data therefore suggest that a self-sustaining triad of LMO2/ERG/FLI1 stabilizes the expression of important mediators of the leukaemic phenotype such as HHEX/PRH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oram
authors.forename: J A I
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thoms
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pridans
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Janes
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kinston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: J-R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: P-S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Huntly
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pimanda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Göttgens
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D054218:Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D051789:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C072312:ERG protein, human; C078433:FLI1 protein, human; C078492:HHEX protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C085117:LMO2 protein, human; D008667:Metalloproteins; D051789:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG