title: Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.
abstract: A meta-analysis of case-control studies on coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk was conducted. Twenty-four eligible studies published before May 2010 were identified, including a total of 14,846 cases of colorectal, colon or rectal cancer. Compared to non/occasional drinkers, the odds ratios (OR) for drinkers were 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.95) for colorectal, 0.93 (95% CI 0.81-1.07) for colon and 0.98 (95% CI 0.85-1.13) for rectal cancer, with significant heterogeneity among studies; the corresponding ORs for the increment of 1 cup/day were 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.98), 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.98), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99). For the highest coffee drinkers, the ORs were 0.70 (95% CI 0.60-0.81) for colorectal cancer, 0.75 (95% CI 0.64-0.88) for colon cancer and 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-1.00) for rectal cancer, when compared to non/low drinkers. The results of this meta-analysis of case-control studies suggest a moderate favorable effect of coffee consumption on colorectal cancer risk. The reduced risk was consistent across study design (hospital vs. population based), geographic area, and various confounding factors considered. It may reflect a real protection but also partly or largely be due to reverse causation, i.e. decreased coffee consumption among cases following the onset of bowel symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy. carlotta.galeone@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galeone
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turati
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavani
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee; D003106:Colon; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee