title: Double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial on the effect of 10 days low-frequency rTMS over the vertex on sleep in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent report indicates repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves sleep in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of 10days rTMS on sleep parameters in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Eighteen idiopathic PD patients completed the study. Sleep parameters were evaluated through actigraphy and the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), along with depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDS), and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Evaluations were carried out before treatment with rTMS (pre-evaluation, PRE), after the rTMS treatment programme (post-evaluation, POST), and one week after POST (POST-2). Nine PD patients received real rTMS and the other 9 received sham rTMS daily for 10days, (100 pulses at 1Hz) applied with a large circular coil over the vertex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation had no effect over actigraphic variables. Conversely PDSS, HDS, and UPDRS were significantly improved by the stimulation. Notably, however, these changes were found equally in groups receiving real or sham stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rTMS, using our protocol, has no therapeutic value on the sleep of PD patients, when compared to appropriate sham controls. Future works assessing the possible therapeutic role of rTMS on sleep in PD should control the effect of placebo.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Motor Control Group (NEUROcom), Department of Medicine-INEF and Institute for Biomedical Research (INIBIC), University of A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Jamile
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Grieve
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cudeiro
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D010919:Placebos; D012890:Sleep / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos