title: Salvage reirradiaton with stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally recurrent head-and-neck tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we present our results of reirradiation of locally recurrent head-and-neck cancer with image-guided, fractionated, frameless stereotactic body radiotherapy technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2007 to February 2009, 46 patients were treated using the CyberKnife (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA) at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. All patients had recurrent, unresectable, and previously irradiated head-and-neck cancer. The most prominent site was the nasopharynx (32.6%), and the most common histopathology was epidermoid carcinoma. The planning target volume was defined as the gross tumor volume identified on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. There were 22 female and 24 male patients. Median age was 53 years (range, 19-87 years). The median tumor dose with stereotactic body radiotherapy was 30 Gy (range, 18-35 Gy) in a median of five (range, one to five) fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 37 patients whose response to therapy was evaluated, 10 patients (27%) had complete tumor regression, 11 (29.8%) had partial response, and 10 (27%) had stable disease. Ultimate local disease control was achieved in 31 patients (83.8%). The overall survival was 11.93 months in median (ranged, 11.4-17.4 months), and the median progression free survival was 10.5 months. One-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 41% and 46%, respectively. Grade II or greater long-term complications were observed in 6 (13.3%) patients. On follow-up, 8 (17.3%) patients had carotid blow-out syndrome, and 7 (15.2%) patients died of bleeding from carotid arteries. We discovered that this fatal syndrome occurred only in patients with tumor surrounding carotid arteries and carotid arteries receiving all prescribed dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic body radiotherapy is an appealing treatment option for patients with recurrent head-and-neck cancer previously treated with radiation to high doses. Good local control with considerable 1-year survival is achieved with a relatively high rate of morbidity and related mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. mcengiz@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Özyiğit
authors.forename: Gözde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: Ferah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zorlu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gürkaynak
authors.forename: Ibrahim H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gullu
authors.forename: Sefik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosal
authors.forename: Fadil
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akyol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D019233:Retreatment / Q000379:methods; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013577:Syndrome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult