title: Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Pulmonary disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, manifesting most commonly as interstitial lung disease, airways disease, rheumatoid nodules, and pleural effusions. The diagnostic assessment of respiratory abnormalities is complicated by underlying risk for infection, the use of drugs with known pulmonary toxicity, and the frequency of lung disease related to rheumatoid arthritis itself. Evaluation and management of rheumatoid arthritis-associated pulmonary disease frequently necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA. danielle.antin-ozerkis@yale.edu
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antin-Ozerkis
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubinowitz
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Homer
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Matthay
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006046:Gold / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000963:Antimetabolites; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006046:Gold; D000069594:Abatacept; D010396:Penicillamine