title: The impact of progress indicators on task completion.
abstract: A near ubiquitous feature of user interfaces is feedback on task completion or progress indicators such as the graphical bar that grows as more of the task is completed. The presumed benefit is that users will be more likely to complete the task if they see they are making progress but it is also possible that feedback indicating slow progress may sometimes discourage users from completing the task. This paper describes two experiments that evaluate the impact of progress indicators on the completion of on-line questionnaires. In the first experiment, progress was displayed at different speeds throughout the questionnaire. If the early feedback indicated slow progress, abandonment rates were higher and users' subjective experience more negative than if the early feedback indicated faster progress. In the second experiment, intermittent feedback seemed to minimize the costs of discouraging feedback while preserving the benefits of encouraging feedback. Overall, the results suggest that when progress seems to outpace users' expectations, feedback can improve their experience though not necessarily their completion rates; when progress seems to lag behind what users expect, feedback degrades their experience and lowers completion rates.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland.
authors.forename: Frederick G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Mick P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tourangeau
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peytchev