title: Impact of two toothpastes on repairing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink: an AFM in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of two toothpastes (Sensodyne Pronamel and Biorepair Plus on repairing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola), using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty extracted human central incisors free of caries were selected and divided in a treatment and a control half; they were kept in artificial saliva during whole experimentation. The treatment halves were divided into five groups; group 1: demineralization with soft drink; group 2: demineralization with soft drink + Pronamel; group 3: demineralization with soft drink + Biorepair Plus; group 4: intact enamel + Pronamel; group 5: intact enamel + Biorepair Plus. Specimen demineralization was carried on in 4 intervals of 2 min. In groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 the toothpastes were applied for 3 min at 0, 8, 24 and 36 h. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM and R(rms), root-mean-square roughness, and Maximum Depth of the cavities were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst treatment specimens of groups 1, 2, and 3 a statistically significant difference (P<0.01) in R(rms) and Maximum Depth values was registered: the toothpastes reduced enamel demineralization. No statistical differences in R(rms) values were registered between the two toothpastes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The toothpastes tested (Pronamel and BioRepair Plus) offer a degree of protection from erosive drinks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Pavia, Policlinico "San Matteo", Piazzale Golgi 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy. c.poggio@unipv.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggio
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lombardini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002021:Buffers; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009566:Nitrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002021:Buffers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; D020011:Protective Agents; C097427:Sensodyne; D014100:Toothpastes; D017886:Durapatite; D005459:Fluorides