title: Mobility of G proteins is heterogeneous and polarized during chemotaxis.
abstract: The interaction of G-protein-coupled receptors with G proteins is a key event in transmembrane signal transduction that leads to vital decision-making by the cell. Here, we applied single-molecule epifluorescence microscopy to study the mobility of both the Gbetagamma and the Galpha2 subunits of the G protein heterotrimer in comparison with the cAMP receptor responsible for chemotactic signaling in Dictyostelium discoideum. Our experimental results suggest that approximately 30% of the G protein heterotrimers exist in receptor-precoupled complexes. Upon stimulation in a chemotactic gradient, this complex dissociates, subsequently leading to a linear diffusion and collision amplification of the external signal. We further found that Gbetagamma was partially immobilized and confined in an agonist-, F-actin- and Galpha2-dependent fashion. This led to the hypothesis that functional nanometric domains exist in the plasma membrane, which locally restrict the activation signal, and in turn, lead to faithful and efficient chemotactic signaling.
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Freek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Hemert
authors.forename: Milena D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lazova
authors.forename: B Ewa
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Snaar-Jagaska
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins