title: Diffusion of peroxides through dentine in vitro with and without prior use of a desensitizing varnish.
abstract: Different bleaching regimens are used in dentistry possibly penetrating the dentine and affecting the pulp. The aim of the present study was to investigate peroxide diffusion through dentine pre-treated with a desensitizing varnish (Vivasens®) in a standardized in vitro setup during application of different bleaching materials. The penetration was tested using 1.3-mm-thick bovine dentine slabs. The following bleaching materials were tested with and without prior application of the desensitizing varnish on the external side of the dentine slabs: Vivastyle, Whitestrips, Simply White, Opalescence (external bleaching), and sodium perborate (internal bleaching, only tested without varnish; n = 8 samples per subgroup). The penetration of peroxides was measured photometrically using 4-aminoantipyrin as a substrate, the penetration of peroxides was monitored over 240 min. All bleaching agents yielded a diffusion of peroxides through the dentine, the kinetics of penetration were approximately linear for all materials tested. The significantly highest diffusion of peroxides was observed with Opalescence, the lowest with sodium perborate. The adoption of the desensitizing varnish reduced the diffusion of peroxides significantly for all external bleaching materials. Peroxides penetrated the dentine during application of bleaching materials; the penetration of peroxides can be reduced by application of a desensitizing agent.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Germany. christian.hannig@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: Hans Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Weinhold
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
mesh_terms: D000675:Ampyrone; D000818:Animals; D001881:Borates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002417:Cattle; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004058:Diffusion; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010545:Peroxides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010783:Photometry; D013997:Time Factors; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; C475021:Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003188:Composite Resins; C488279:Crest whitestrips; D003802:Dentifrices; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; C525245:VivaSens Liner; C500417:Vivastyle; D000675:Ampyrone; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C027707:sodium perborate