title: Outpatient tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: the initial case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has traditionally been performed on an inpatient basis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of tubeless PCNL on a completely outpatient basis. The purposes of this study were to assess the safety and efficacy of outpatient PCNL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the initial consecutive outpatient tubeless PCNLs performed at our institution by a single surgeon. Patients were discharged home the day of surgery only after meeting strict discharge criteria. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outpatient tubeless PCNL was performed in 3 patients. The mean maximum stone diameter was 14 mm. The average hospital stay was 175 minutes. All 3 patients were discharged home in stable condition after meeting all of the inclusion criteria. There were no emergency room visits or hospital readmissions postoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 47 days. All stones were calcium oxalate and the stone free rate was 100%. There were no minor or major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In properly selected patients, outpatient tubeless PCNL is safe and effective. Our initial experience with outpatient PCNL has been favourable and warrants further investigation in a larger patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beiko
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee