Secondary infection with Streptococcus suis serotype 7 increases the virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs.
BACKGROUND
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis are common pathogens in pigs. In samples collected during the porcine high fever syndrome (PHFS) outbreak in many parts of China, PRRSV and S. suis serotype 7 (SS7) have always been isolated together. To determine whether PRRSV-SS7 coinfection was the cause of the PHFS outbreak, we evaluated the pathogenicity of PRRSV and/or SS7 in a pig model of single and mixed infection.


RESULTS
Respiratory disease, diarrhea, and anorexia were observed in all infected pigs. Signs of central nervous system (CNS) disease were observed in the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV)-infected pigs (4/12) and the coinfected pigs (8/10); however, the symptoms of the coinfected pigs were clearly more severe than those of the HP-PRRSV-infected pigs. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the coinfected pigs (8/10) than in the HP-PRRSV- (2/12) and SS7-infected pigs (0/10). The deceased pigs of the coinfected group had symptoms typical of PHFS, such as high fever, anorexia, and red coloration of the ears and the body. The isolation rates of HP-PRRSV and SS7 were higher and the lesion severity was greater in the coinfected pigs than in monoinfected pigs.


CONCLUSIONS
HP-PRRSV infection increased susceptibility to SS7 infection, and coinfection of HP-PRRSV with SS7 significantly increased the pathogenicity of SS7 to pigs.
Xu
Min
M
Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
Wang
Shujie
S
Li
Linxi
L
Lei
Liancheng
L
Liu
Yonggang
Y
Shi
Wenda
W
Wu
Jiabin
J
Li
Liqin
L
Rong
Fulong
F
Xu
Mingming
M
Sun
Guangli
G
Xiang
Hua
H
Cai
Xuehui
X
D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002681:China; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012703:Serotyping; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000145:classification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014774:Virulence