title: Femoral neck anteversion, acetabular anteversion and combined anteversion in the normal Indian adult population: A computed tomographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal femoral neck anteversion (FNA) and/or acetabulum anteversion (AA) have long been implicated in the etiogenesis of hip osteoarthritis (OA), developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and impingement, instability and wear in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Since studies on the Indian population are sparse on this topic, the purpose of this study was to report the normal values of FNA, AA and the combined anteversion (CA= FNA+ AA) in Indian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  FNA, AA and CA were prospectively measured in 172 normal hips in 86 Indian adults using standardized computed tomographic (CT) methods and this data was compared with the established Western values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median values and interquartile ranges were 8 degrees (6.5-10.0 degrees ) for FNA, 19 degrees (16.0-22.0 degrees ) for AA and 27 degrees (23.5-30.0 degrees ) for CA. AA and CA values were significantly (P<0.05) lower in males, and there was also a trend towards lower FNA in males. Although a negative correlation was observed between the FNA and AA, this was not strong and may not be clinically relevant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with the Western data, the FNA values were 3-12 degrees lower and the CA values were 3-5 degrees lower in Indian adults. The AA values were comparable, but were skewed towards the higher side. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical relevance of our basic science data in pathogenesis of OA, and to validate it in relation to hip surgeries like corrective osteotomies and THA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi - 110 095, India.
authors.forename: Aditya V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zlowodzki
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siram
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain