Genetic association studies of antioxidant pathway genes and schizophrenia.
The endogenous production of highly reactive oxidation species is an inherent by-product of cellular energy metabolism. Cellular antioxidant defense systems (AODS) comprising various antioxidants counter these damaging effects. Several lines of evidence, including postmortem studies, suggest increased oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia. Some genetic association studies and gene-expression studies suggest that patients also may have altered ability to mount antioxidative mechanisms. As the genetic associations may provide etiologic evidence in support of the oxidative-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia, a focused review has been conducted. We also suggest avenues for further research.
Chowdari
Kodavali V
KV
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Bamne
Mikhil N
MN
Nimgaonkar
Vishwajit L
VL
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics; D005981:Glutathione Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases / Q000235:genetics; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000235:genetics; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000235:genetics; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000235:genetics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
D000975:Antioxidants; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C419642:NRH - quinone oxidoreductase2; D011808:Quinone Reductases; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases; C027219:methionine sulfoxide reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005981:Glutathione Synthase; D005978:Glutathione; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; C000722067:GPX1 protein, human