title: An investigation of the use of passive movements in intensive care by UK physiotherapists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current use of passive movements (PMs) by National Health Service (NHS) physiotherapists working with sedated and ventilated patients in critical care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postal questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  All open NHS critical/intensive care units in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiotherapists working in UK NHS critical/intensive care units.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaires were posted to 246 physiotherapists working in intensive care units; 165 (67%) were returned. One hundred and fifty-two respondents routinely treated ventilated and sedated patients, of which 151 (99%) reported utilising PMs. They were used most commonly (>70%) in patients admitted to critical care with medical, neurological or surgical problems. Respondents reported using a median of five repetitions of PMs once daily, and the majority of respondents took joints to the end of range (>78%). Joints most commonly treated included the shoulder, hip, knee, elbow and ankle. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored by over 84% of respondents during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst there is little empirical evidence to underpin the use of PMs, this study found that PMs were used regularly by 99% of respondents working in NHS critical care settings. Further work is now needed to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of PMs in critically ill patients to inform and develop future practice.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Programmes, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Elizabeth Gaskell Campus, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M13 OJA, UK. r.stockley@mmu.ac.uk
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stockley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rooney
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015915:Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive / Q000379:methods*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D013222:State Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom