title: Tumor cell-released TLR4 ligands stimulate Gr-1+CD11b+F4/80+ cells to induce apoptosis of activated T cells.
abstract: Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells play important roles in tumor development and have a negative effect on tumor immunotherapy. So far, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of their immunosuppressive phenotype by classical and alternative macrophage activation stimuli are not well elucidated. In this study, we found that molecules from necrotic tumor cells (NTC-Ms) stimulated Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells to induce apoptosis of activated T cells but not nonstimulated T cells. The apoptosis-inducing capacity was determined by higher expression levels of arginase I and IL-10 relative to those of NO synthase 2 and IL-12 in Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells, which were induced by NTC-Ms through TLR4 signaling. The apoptosis-inducing capacity of NTC-Ms-stimulated Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells could be enhanced by IL-10. IFN-gamma may reduce the apoptosis-inducing capacity of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells only if their response to IFN-gamma was not attenuated. However, the potential of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells to express IL-12 in response to IFN-gamma could be attenuated by tumor, partially due to the existence of active STAT3 in Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells and NTC-Ms from tumor. In this situation, IFN-gamma could not effectively reduce the apoptosis-inducing capacity of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells. Tumor immunotherapy with 4-1BBL/soluble programmed death-1 may significantly reduce, but not abolish the apoptosis-inducing capacity of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells in local microenvironment. Blockade of TLR4 signaling could further reduce the apoptosis-inducing capacity of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells and enhance the suppressive effect of 4-1BBL/soluble form of programmed death-1 on tumor growth. These findings indicate the relationship of distinct signaling pathways with apoptosis-inducing capacity of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells and emphasize the importance of blocking TLR4 signaling to prevent the induction of T cell apoptosis by Gr-1(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ling-Cong
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hui-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuan-Wang
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sheng-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Gui-Mei
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zuo-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D008024:Ligands; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D039481:CD11b Antigen; C464944:Emr4 protein, mouse; C503133:Gr-1 protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor