title: Role of major histocompatibility complex and ethnicity in acute renal graft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a main role in antigen presentation. Class I, II, and III genes form defined "blocks" of conserved DNA sequences (conserved extended haplotypes) that are useful to follow the ancestry of a population. Each variant encodes a specific peptide that determines a particular individual's immune response. In addition, differential expression of HLA antigens in certain physiological and pathological conditions may participate in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection versus tolerance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the specific HLA ancestry was associated with acute renal graft rejection among the Mexican mestizo population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 544 Mexican mestizo renal donors and their respective recipients for their serologically determined HLA and based on antigens haplotype assignments. The acute rejection group was compared with the nonrejection group among donors and recipients, correspondingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequent Mexican alleles were observed in this study. Moreover, HLA-B*61/-DR*04, HLA-A*35/-DR*06 (Amerindian ancestry), HLA-A*68/-DR*01, HLA-A*28/-B*65/-DR*01 (African ancestry), and HLA-A*33/-B*65 (Caucasian ancestry) in donors were associated with acute renal graft rejection episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowing the ancestry of a donor's HLA molecules may help to individualize immunosuppressive therapy for posttransplant surveillance, because they may be more membrane-exposed in parenchymal cells, making them more susceptible of being recognized by the recipient's immune system.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres-Machorro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Camorlinga-Tagle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ortiz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palafox
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castelán
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Leo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vilatobá
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gabilondo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alberú Gómez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morales-Buenrostro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granados
mesh_terms: D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007197:Indians, Central American / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D019520:Living Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D008800:Mexico; D014019:Tissue Donors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D004247:DNA