title: Sequential fluorescent labeling observation of maxillary sinus augmentation by a tissue-engineered bone complex in canine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation by a tissue-engineered bone complex of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and autologous osteoblasts in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous osteoblasts from adult Beagle dogs were cultured in vitro. They were further combined with beta-TCP to construct the tissue-engineered bone complex. 12 cases of maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery were made bilaterally in 6 animals and randomly repaired with the following 3 groups of materials: Group A (osteoblasts/beta-TCP); Group B (beta-TCP); Group C (autogenous bone) (n=4 per group). A polychrome sequential fluorescent labeling was performed post-operatively and the animals were sacrificed 24 weeks after operation for histological observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that autologous osteoblasts were successfully expanded and the osteoblastic phenol-types were confirmed by ALP and Alizarin red staining. The cells could attach and proliferate well on the surface of the beta-TCP scaffold. The fluorescent and histological observation showed that the tissue-engineered bone complex had an earlier mineralization and more bone formation inside the scaffold than beta-TCP along or even autologous bone. It had also maximally maintained the elevated sinus height than both control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porous beta-TCP has served as a good scaffold for autologous osteoblasts seeding. The tissue-engineered bone complex with beta-TCP and autologous osteoblasts might be a better alternative to autologous bone for the clinical edentulous maxillary sinus augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatolgoy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin-quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shao-yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiu-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004285:Dogs; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000637:transplantation*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C010078:alizarin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase