title: Thermal unfolding studies show the disease causing F508del mutation in CFTR thermodynamically destabilizes nucleotide-binding domain 1.
abstract: Misfolding and degradation of CFTR is the cause of disease in patients with the most prevalent CFTR mutation, an in-frame deletion of phenylalanine (F508del), located in the first nucleotide-binding domain of human CFTR (hNBD1). Studies of (F508del)CFTR cellular folding suggest that both intra- and inter-domain folding is impaired. (F508del)CFTR is a temperature-sensitive mutant, that is, lowering growth temperature, improves both export, and plasma membrane residence times. Yet, paradoxically, F508del does not alter the fold of isolated hNBD1 nor did it seem to perturb its unfolding transition in previous isothermal chemical denaturation studies. We therefore studied the in vitro thermal unfolding of matched hNBD1 constructs ±F508del to shed light on the defective folding mechanism and the basis for the thermal instability of (F508del)CFTR. Using primarily differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism, we show for all hNBD1 pairs studied, that F508del lowers the unfolding transition temperature (T(m)) by 6-7°C and that unfolding occurs via a kinetically-controlled, irreversible transition in isolated monomers. A thermal unfolding mechanism is derived from nonlinear least squares fitting of comprehensive DSC data sets. All data are consistent with a simple three-state thermal unfolding mechanism for hNBD1 ± F508del: N(±MgATP) <==> I(T)(±MgATP) → A(T) → (A(T))(n). The equilibrium unfolding to intermediate, I(T), is followed by the rate-determining, irreversible formation of a partially folded, aggregation-prone, monomeric state, A(T), for which aggregation to (A(T))(n) and further unfolding occur with no detectable heat change. Fitted parameters indicate that F508del thermodynamically destabilizes the native state, N, and accelerates the formation of A(T).
authors.affiliation: Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-4400, USA.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Protasevich
authors.forename: Zhengrong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emtage
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wetmore
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Christie G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Brouillette
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009154:Mutation; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D055550:Protein Stability; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013816:Thermodynamics; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D010649:Phenylalanine