title: Triple pathology in epilepsy: coexistence of cavernous angiomas and cortical dysplasias with other lesions.
abstract: Coexistence of cortical dysplasias (CD) with cavernomas has rarely been reported. We reviewed our surgical specimens from patients who underwent surgery for pharmacoresistant epilepsy between 2003 and 2008, and identified seven cases with cavernoma, of whom two had overlying CD. In addition, each of these patients had a third form of a potentially epileptogenic lesion: hippocampal sclerosis in one, and venous angioma in the other. We conclude that CD is heterogeneous, with milder forms appearing to co-exist with other pathologies, including vascular abnormalities and hippocampal sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5040, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maciunas
authors.forename: Tanvir U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Werz
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maciunas
authors.forename: Mohamad Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Koubeissi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged