title: The relationship of marital status and clinical characteristics in middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examines the relationship of marital status to depression, positive and negative symptoms, quality of life, and suicidal ideation among 211 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We hypothesized that single participants would have more severe symptomatology than married and cohabitating participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients, age 40 or older, were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders using the MINI Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis 1 Disorders. Participants exhibited a score of >8 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression but did not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who were married or cohabitating had a later age of onset of first psychotic episode or hospitalization than those who were single (age, 29.35 vs 24.21). Married participants rated their quality of life higher than those who were single (mean Quality of Life Scale scores, 72.28 vs 53.87) and had less suicidal ideation than those who were divorced, widowed, or separated (7.4% vs 29.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In middle-aged and older individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and depressive symptoms, marriage appeared to enhance quality of life and protect against suicidal ideation. Efforts that focus on providing additional support for those who are experiencing divorce or separation could prove to be lifesaving for these individuals.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Department of Human Services, The Curry School of Education, Charlottesville, VA, USA. E-mail: mbn4k@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyer
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasckow
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fellows
authors.forename: Edith C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solorzano
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zisook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012847:Single Person / Q000523:psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014481:United States