title: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of females who undergo liver transplantation is growing and sometimes gynecologic operations are needed to control gynecologic diseases after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed in 2 patients who had undergone liver transplantation, one for adenomyosis and the other for hysteromyoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was safe to create a pneumoperitoneum through the umbilical skinfold even though mild adhesion in the pelvic cavity occurred in one patient. The operative times were 95 and 90 minutes, with blood loss of about 100 and 60 ml, respectively. Oral intake, flatus passage, and ambulation recovered within a day, after the operation. No significant changes in liver function were observed except complication of diarrhea caused by Candida albicans in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of the two patients suggest that total laparoscopic hysterectomy is a safe and effective surgical approach for patients who have undergone liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bing
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shao-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ya-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009214:Myoma / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000601:surgery*