title: Trends in transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 and demographic characteristics of newly diagnosed patients: nationwide surveillance from 2003 to 2008 in Japan.
abstract: The emergence and transmission of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) compromises antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1. Thus, testing for drug resistance is recommended at diagnosis and before initiating highly active antiretroviral treatment. We conducted an epidemiological study enrolling newly diagnosed patients between 2003 and 2008 in our nationwide surveillance network. In the 6-year study period, the prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 among 2573 patients, consisting mainly of Japanese men in their late-30s and infected through male-to-male sexual contacts, followed an increasing trend from 5.9% (16/273) in 2003 to 8.3% (50/605) in 2008. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated mutations predominated in each year, with T215 revertants being the most abundant. The predictive factor for drug-resistant HIV-1 transmission was subtype B (OR=2.36; p=0.004), and those for recent HIV-1 infection were male gender (OR=3.79; p=0.009), MSM behavior (OR=1.67; p=0.01), Japanese nationality (OR=2.31; p=0.008), and subtype B (OR=5.64; p<0.05). Continued activities are needed to raise awareness of the risks of HIV-1 infection and complications of drug-resistant strains. Continued surveillance is also needed to understand trends in the HIV-1 epidemic.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 4600001, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Teiichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiino
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gatanaga
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Rumi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadamasu
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Haruyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateyama
authors.forename: Atsuhisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oie
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Tsunefusa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishigatsubo
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomaku
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors