title: Extremity fractures in children: a hospital based study in Tehran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although long bone fracture in children is not life-threatening, it may cause major disability, loss of working days and severe psychological distress. We conducted this study to determine the pattern of extremity fracture due to trauma in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  During one year in six general hospitals in Tehran, trauma patients who were hospitalized for more than 24 hours and sustained injuries within seven days before admission were included in the study. The records of children (< or = 16 years old) hospitalized in six general hospitals in Tehran due to trauma were reviewed prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 1 274 children had sustained extremity fractures. Male to female ratio was 3.6/1, with the mean age of (10.3+/-4.2) years. Falls and traffic crashes were the main causes of injuries, with the percentages of 57.3% and 37.1%, respectively. Simple fall (falling on the ground) consisted 60% of patients that sustained fall-related injuries. Pedestrians and bicycle riders comprised most of the cases that were injured due to traffic crashes. Of our cases, 56.8% sustained fractures in the upper extremities and 43.2% in the lower extremities. Forearm was the most common fracture site (34.1%). Comparing our results in preschool and school-age children, falls were the main cause of injuries in both groups, but fractures of lower extremities were significantly more common in preschool children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of physical condition of sidewalks and crossings in roads will be necessary for prevention of injuries. More attention to safety of home environment should be paid for control of preschools'injury at home. Education of children and adults is necessary to reduce injuries resulting from road traffic crashes.
authors.affiliation: Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina General Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. akhaji@razi.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khaji
authors.forename: Mousa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karbakhsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050280:Arm Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007867:Leg Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications