title: Descriptive study of 32 cases of doxycycline-overdosed calves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports of doxycycline-induced toxicity are limited despite common use of this antibiotic to treat infectious respiratory disorders in calves.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe previously unreported kidney lesions and diagnostic test results in doxycycline-overdosed calves and to compare these results with other findings reported previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two calves that presented with adverse effects after receiving high doses of doxycycline as a treatment for mild respiratory disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical examination identified mainly lethargy, dyspnea, cough, tongue paresia or paralysis associated with dysphagia and sialorrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea, and signs of myopathy. Blood analysis indicated increases in creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities and increased serum creatinine and urea concentrations. ECG recordings and Doppler echocardiography examination identified ventricular premature beats and a decrease in left ventricular global and systolic function, respectively. Necropsy and histopathology disclosed necrosis of the myocardium, tongue, and some striated muscles, acute renal tubular necrosis, and fatty degeneration or congestion of the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of these findings corroborate previous observations made in doxycycline-overdosed calves, and further suggest myocardial and striated muscular toxicity as well as renal toxicity in doxycycline-overdosed calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Equine Clinic, B41, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. mounir.brihoum@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brihoum
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amory
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desmecht
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cassart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deleuze
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rollin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004318:Doxycycline