title: Long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for Meige syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meige syndrome is characterized by blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, and facial oromandibular dystonia. The medical treatment of this condition is largely unsuccessful over time and is a major source of decreased quality of life in those patients suffering from this disease. Recent advances in the application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery techniques for many disorders have prompted several recent reports of DBS for medically refractory cases of Meige syndrome. While the etiology for this disorder is unknown, it is considered by many investigators to be a form of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Pallidal stimulation is widely considered to be effective for dystonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report the long-term results of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in 3 patients with Meige syndrome and 1 patient with Parkinson disease and associated craniofacial dystonia treated at their center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial 12-month and long-term follow-up Burke-Fahn-Marsden scores were substantially improved in all 4 patients compared with preoperative scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral GPi DBS may be an effective and safe treatment for medically refractory Meige syndrome. The results are comparable with those reported in the literature. Sustained and long-term improvement in symptoms does appear to be reproducible across reports. The authors' patient with Parkinson disease and associated craniofacial dystonia syndrome undergoing bilateral STN DBS noted immediate and sustained improvement in his symptoms. Further study is required, but these results, along with the other reports, suggest that bilateral GPi DBS is an effective treatment for medically refractory Meige syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, USA. lyons.mark2@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: Renee A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: Orland K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Virgilio Gerald H
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Evidente
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008538:Meige Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome