title: Development of multiple W/O/W emulsions as dermal carrier system for oligonucleotides: effect of additives on emulsion stability.
abstract: Multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions are of major interest as potential skin delivery systems for water-soluble drugs like oligonucleotides due to their distinct encapsulation properties. However, multiple emulsions are highly sensitive in terms of variations of the individual components. The presence of osmotic active ingredients in the inner water phase is crucial for the generation of stable multiple emulsions. In order to stabilize the emulsions the influence of NaCl, MgSO(4), glucose and glycine and two cellulose derivatives was investigated. Briefly, multiple W/O/W emulsions using Span 80 as a lipophilic emulsifier and different hydrophilic emulsifiers (PEG-40/50 stearate, steareth-20 and polysorbate 80) were prepared. Stability of the emulsions was analyzed over a period of time using rheological measurements, droplet size observations and conductivity analysis. In this study we show that additives strongly influence the properties stability of multiple emulsions. By increasing the concentration of the osmotic active ingredients, smaller multiple droplets are formed and the viscosity is significantly increased. The thickening agents resulted in a slightly improved stability. The most promising emulsions were chosen and further evaluated for their suitability and compatibility to incorporate a DNAzyme oligonucleotide as active pharmaceutical ingredient.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, 35390 Giessen, Germany. Thomas.Schmidts@tg.fh-giessen.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schlupp
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nissing
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garn
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Runkel
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010232:Paraffin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D010232:Paraffin; C015418:paraffin oils