title: Effect of intrauterine diabetes exposure on the incidence of end-stage renal disease in young adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of intrauterine diabetes exposure (IDE) on the incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals were followed from their first diabetic examination until December 2006, death, ESRD, or age of 45 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 1,850 diabetic participants, 102 had IDE. ESRD developed in 57, 5 of whom had IDE. Cumulative incidence of ESRD by age 45 was 19.3% in participants with IDE and 5.1% in those without; the age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratio was 4.12 (95% CI 1.54-11.02). After additional adjustment for age at diabetes onset, ESRD incidence was similar in the two groups (incidence rate ratio 1.38, 95% CI 0.45-4.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IDE increases the age- and sex-adjusted incidence of ESRD fourfold in young adults with type 2 diabetes, mediated primarily by the earlier onset of type 2 diabetes in those with IDE.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. rnelson@nih.gov
authors.forename: Meda E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pavkov
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Knowler
authors.forename: Maurice L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sievers
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult