title: Enamel surface roughness after debonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypotheses that (1) there is no significant difference between the effects of two burs on the surface roughness of enamel after orthodontic debonding, and (2) there is no difference between resin removal times of the two burs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The crowns of 20 premolars were embedded in acrylic blocks, and the buccal surfaces were subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM), with measurement of initial roughness values. The brackets were bonded with a light-cured adhesive and were debonded with a debonding plier. In half of samples, adhesive remnants were removed with a tungsten carbide bur, whereas a fiber-reinforced composite bur was used in the other half. The second AFM measurements were made after resin removal. Duration of removal procedures was also recorded. Results of roughness and duration measurements were analyzed with the use of repeated measurements analysis of variance and independent t-tests, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two resin removal instruments had significantly different effects on enamel roughness; higher average roughness (Sa) (P < .001), root mean square roughness (Sq) (P = .046), and maximum roughness depth (Smax) (P < .001) values were obtained with use of the tungsten carbide bur. Time required for resin removal with the composite bur was significantly greater than time required with the carbide bur (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. The composite bur used for resin removal creates smoother surfaces after orthodontic bonding; however, the process takes longer than it does when the tungsten carbide bur is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Baskent University Adana Medical Teaching and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey. s-karan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sevinc
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karan
authors.forename: Beyza Hancioglu
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kircelli
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tasdelen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D003188:Composite Resins; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology*; D003762:Dental Instruments; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D017973:Tungsten Compounds
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C002802:tungsten carbide