title: The role of anxious and hyperthymic temperaments in mental disorders: a national epidemiologic study.
abstract: Temperament has been demonstrated clinically to be linked to mental disorders. We aimed to determine the possible role of temperament in mental disorders in a national epidemiologic study. A nationally representative sample of adults (n=1320) was administered the Lebanese-Arabic version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the Arabic CIDI 3.0, as part of the LEBANON study. The association among temperaments and DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and impulse control disorders was assessed. The anxious temperament was shown to be a robust predictor of most disorders, especially within the anxiety and depressive clusters. The hyperthymic temperament had a uniquely protective effect on most mental disorders, with the exception of separation anxiety, bipolar, substance abuse and impulse control disorders. These effects were moderated by age and education. Temperaments, previously largely neglected in epidemiologic studies, could play a major role in the origin of mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St. George Hospital University Medical Center, P.O. Box 166227, Ashrafieh, Beirut 1100 2110, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Elie G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Mariana M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Salamoun
authors.forename: Joumana S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yeretzian
authors.forename: Zeina N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Mneimneh
authors.forename: Aimee N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fayyad
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hantouche
authors.forename: Kareen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.forename: Hagop S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal