title: Influence of ultrasound application on inlays luting with self-adhesive resin cements.
abstract: The study was aimed at assessing the influence of the cement manipulation and ultrasounds application on the bonding potential of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin by microtensile bond strength testing and microscopic observations of the interface. Fifty-six standardized mesio-occlusal class II cavities were prepared in extracted third molars. Class II inlays were made using the nano-hybrid resin composite Gradia Forte (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan), following the manufacturer's instruction. The sample was randomly divided into two groups (n = 28) according to the luting technique. Half of the specimens were luted under a static seating pressure (P), while the other ones were cemented under vibration (V). The inlays were luted using the following self-adhesive resin cements: G-Cem (G, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) Automix (GA) and Capsule (GC); RelyX Unicem (RU, 3 M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) Clicker (RUC) and Aplicap (RUA). Microtensile sticks and specimens for scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were obtained from the luted teeth. The interfacial strengths measured for the cements under static pressure or ultrasonic vibration were [median (interquartile range)]: GC/V 4 (2.3-7.9); GC/P 6.8 (4.1-10.1); GA/V 3 (1.9-6.7); GA/P 1.9 (0-5.1); RUC/V 6.6 (4.6-9.8); RUC/P 4.1 (1.8-6.4); RUA/V 6.2 (2.4-10.4); RUA/P 3.4 (0-5.4). The cement formulation influenced dentin bond strength of G. RU bond strength was affected by the luting technique. SEM analysis revealed a homogeneous structure and reduced porosities for both cements as a result of ultrasonic vibration. RU benefited from the application of ultrasounds, while GC achieved higher bond strengths than GA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, viale Bracci, Siena 53100, Italy.
authors.forename: Amerigo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoro
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goracci
authors.forename: Ivanovic
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coniglio
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polimeni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007284:Inlays / Q000145:classification; D008422:Materials Testing; D008853:Microscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008964:Molar, Third; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011312:Pressure; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C528107:G-Cem resin cement; C470230:Gradia; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements