title: Subcutaneous glucose monitoring with GlucoDay: comparison of the results to those obtained with the endocrine artificial pancreas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of GlucoDay- a portable detector of subcutaneous glucose--by comparing the results to those obtained by Biostator an established and reliable method for continuous glucose measurement in whole blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with type 1 diabetes (n:6), subjects with type 2 diabetes (n:6), and six healthy controls were studied for 24 hours; they consumed three main meals. The GlucoDay was connected to the subjects by inserting a microfibre probe into the periumbilical subcutaneous area, whilst the Biostator was inserted by a double-lumen catheter into an antecubital vein. A third catheter was inserted into a separate vein for blood withdrawal to measure glucose by the hexokinase method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three methods (GlucoDay-Biostator-hexokinase) were equally accurate in measuring glucose levels (p = 0.233, Kruskall-Wallis test). The glucose measurements performed with GlucoDay and Biostator were significantly correlated with those performed with hexokinase (p < 0.001, r2 = 66.65% and p < 0.001, r2 = 64.4%, respectively, using simple regression analysis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of glucose fluctuations in the subcutaneous tissue with the GlucoDay were close to those in blood determined by the Biostator. GlucoDay is therefore a reliable method for continuous glucose monitoring and may prove useful for optimizating treatment in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, GR-12462, Haidari, Greece. gdimi@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boutati
authors.forename: Athanasios E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Raptis
authors.forename: Erifili
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatziagelaki
authors.forename: Panayota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitrou
authors.forename: Vaia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lambadiari
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tountas
authors.forename: Theofanis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Economopoulos
authors.forename: Sotirios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raptis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006593:Hexokinase