Fabrication and in vitro and in vivo cell infiltration study of a bilayered cryogenic electrospun poly(D,L-lactide) scaffold.
Cryogenic electrospinning has previously been demonstrated for controlling the pore sizes of electrospun scaffolds, which has been impossible with traditional electrospinning processes. This article describes the application of the cryogenic technique to fabricate a bilayered electrospun poly(D,L-lactide) scaffold (BLES) in a single uninterrupted process. The resulting BLES consisted of a traditional electrospun (ES) fibrous layer with a dense pore area of 17 +/- 3 microm(2) adjacent to a cryogenic electrospun layer (CES) with a pore area of 3300 +/- 500 microm(2). The significance of this bilayered scaffold was to mimic the anatomical structure of tissues with dense basement membrane followed by loose and highly porous connective tissue such as skin and blood vessels. Cell infiltration in the BLES was compared in vitro and in vivo. Both studies suggested the CES supported high cell infiltration, whereas the ES could serve as a physical barrier to prevent cell infiltration across the CES-ES boundary because of its size exclusion. The bilayered structure produced by this technique suggests a great potential for engineering tissues with similar architectures.
Leong
Meng Fatt
MF
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Chan
Wing Yue
WY
Chian
Kerm Sin
KS
Rasheed
Mohamed Zulfikar
MZ
Anderson
James M
JM
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide)