title: CT findings in autoimmune pancreatitis: assessment using multiphase contrast-enhanced multisection CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the spectrum of findings using multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients (four female and 46 male, mean age 65 years) were retrospectively identified from consecutive patients with abnormal CT findings of the pancreas and negative work-up for known causes. These patients had at least one finding supporting the diagnosis of AIP: serological abnormality, histopathological abnormality, or response to steroid. Two radiologists evaluated multiphase contrast-enhanced CT images in consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pancreas showed diffuse enlargement (n=16; 32%), focal enlargement (n=18; 36%), or no enlargement (n=16; 32%). Forty-nine (98%) patients showed abnormal contrast enhancement in the affected pancreatic parenchyma, including hypoattenuation during the pancreatic phase (n=45; 90%) and hyperattenuation during the delayed phase (n=39; 87%). The following findings were also seen in the pancreas: a capsule-like rim (n=24; 48%); no visualization of the main pancreatic duct lumen (n=48; 96%); ductal enhancement (n=26; 52%); upstream dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (n=27; 54%); upstream atrophy of the pancreatic parenchyma (n=27; 54%); calcification (n=7; 14%); and cysts (n=5; 10%). Forty-two (84%) patients showed one or more of the following extrapancreatic findings: biliary duct or gallbladder abnormality (n=40; 80%); peripancreatic (n=8; 16%) or para-aortic (n=10; 20%) soft-tissue proliferation; and renal involvement (n=15; 30%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with AIP presented with a variety of CT findings in the pancreas and the extrapancreatic organs. The present study highlights pancreatic ductal enhancement in a subset of patients with AIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Shouwaku, Nagoya, Japan. Kojiro@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naganawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media