title: Salivary stress biomarker levels during speech in patients with maxillectomy defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After resection of maxillofacial tumors, severe functional problems related to mastication, deglutition, and speech are observed in addition to the changes in appearance and psychosocial functioning. Although speech outcome is recovered with prosthetic treatments, patients sometimes complain of continued dissatisfaction with their speech. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential dissatisfaction of patients with maxillectomy defects during speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with maxillary obturator were compared with a matched control group. Functional improvement by the maxillofacial prosthesis was confirmed using a speech intelligibility test, a chewing function score, and visual analogue scale on subjective satisfaction. Cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) were evaluated after prescribed speech tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CgA in patients with maxillectomy defects was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < .05), even after the functional improvement by maxillofacial prosthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was revealed that patients with maxillectomy defects have significant psychological stresses during speech, even when their maxillofacial prosthesis resulted in successful functional improvement.
authors.affiliation: Occlusion and Removable Prosthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikato-cho, kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishigawa
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruo
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suwaki
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis*; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013060:Speech; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A; D006854:Hydrocortisone