title: Albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate independently associate with acute kidney injury.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly common and a significant contributor to excess death in hospitalized patients. CKD is an established risk factor for AKI; however, the independent graded association of urine albumin excretion with AKI is unknown. We analyzed a prospective cohort of 11,200 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association between baseline urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated GFR (eGFR) with hospitalizations or death with AKI. The incidence of AKI events was 4.0 per 1000 person-years of follow-up. Using participants with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios <10 mg/g as a reference, the relative hazards of AKI, adjusted for age, gender, race, cardiovascular risk factors, and categories of eGFR were 1.9 (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.6), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.0), and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2 to 7.2) for urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio groups of 11 to 29 mg/g, 30 to 299 mg/g, and ≥300 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, the overall adjusted relative hazard of AKI increased with decreasing eGFR. Patterns persisted within subgroups of age, race, and gender. In summary, albuminuria and eGFR have strong, independent associations with incident AKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Morgan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.forename: Brad C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.forename: Lori D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Bash
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coresh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine