title: Treatment of visceral, unresectable, or bulky/unresectable regional metastases of penile cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the treatment strategies among patients with Stage IV penile cancer to describe potentially curative or palliative therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The International Consultation on Urologic Disease for Penile Cancer subcommittee on the treatment of Stage IV penile cancer reviewed reports related to the topics of advanced penile cancer and metastatic penile cancer alone and combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and inguinal lymphadenectomy. The reports were rated as to their level of evidence using the criteria of the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine. Treatment recommendations were made by consensus, with the appropriate grades determined from the level of evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of Stage IV disease using the current or modified TNM or Jackson descriptions was 0%-14%. Cisplatin-containing regimens were the most active, with patients exhibiting an average response and survival rate of 26% (range 15%-32%) and 5.5 months (range 4.7-7), respectively. Bleomycin-containing regimens were associated with significant pulmonary toxicity. The role of radiotherapy for advanced penile cancer has been largely palliative. Data have suggested that surgical consolidation among patients exhibiting an objective response to chemotherapy could be associated with durable survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with a cisplatin-containing regimen in Stage IV penile cancer should be considered and might facilitate curative resection. The use of bleomycin was associated with a high level of toxicity and should be discouraged as first-line therapy. Surgical consolidation to achieve disease-free status or palliation should be considered in fit patients with an objective response to systemic chemotherapy. Palliative radiotherapy to inguinal or skeletal metastases might be of benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. cpettawa@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pettaway
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pagliaro
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theodore
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*