title: Logistics in hospitals: a case study of some Singapore hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to investigate logistics activities in Singapore hospitals. It defines various types of activities handled by a logistics division. Inventory management policy and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for logistics purposes are also discussed. The study identifies the nature of strategic alliances in Singapore's health care industry.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted by utilizing a framework for data collection, pre-testing the questionnaire and conducting interviews. Various relevant literature was reviewed to design the questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study finds that logistics division carry out many related activities and some of them also provide engineering services. The hospitals make use of ICT. The hospitals are clustered under various groups to minimize the cost of operation, including the logistics related costs. However, hospitals do not see alliances with suppliers as a strategic option; rather they focus on outsourcing of logistics services. The findings also show that Singapore hospitals have a good stocking policy for both medical and non-medical items so that changes in patient mix can be easily handled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Singapore is continuously improving its health care industry and therefore, the findings will help hospitals in other regions to adopt some of the practices, like concentrating on local vendors, outsourcing, clustering, and maximum use of information technology as competitive factors that can improve the service and reduce the cost of operation. The paper suggests motivators and barriers to the use of ICT in logistics in the health care industry.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhi Xiong
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Shaligram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokharel
mesh_terms: D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008421:Materials Management, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D012846:Singapore