title: Phosphorylated glucosamine inhibits the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells.
abstract: This study evaluated the effect of phosphorylated glucosamine (pGlc) on the regulation of cytokines involved in immunological activities. Changes in the inflammatory profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated phrobol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophage models were investigated following pGlc treatment. Treatment with pGlc inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, pGlc suppressed the regulation of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, we confirmed that the LPS-stimulated transcription of MAP kinases in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages was inhibited by pGlc. According to this study, pGlc can be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Sang Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pyun
authors.forename: Se-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C016658:phorbolol myristate acetate; D005944:Glucosamine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate