title: CCND1 and CDKN1B polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown alterations in the cell cycle regulatory proteins in breast carcinomas. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and p27(KIP1) (CDKN1B) are two essential regulators of cell cycle progression. This study aimed to investigate the associations of CCND1 A870G and CDKN1B C79T polymorphisms with breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the genotype and allelic frequencies of polymorphisms. Seventy-eight breast cancer patients and 84 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of CT genotype and T allele of CDKN1B were found to be higher in breast cancer patients than in controls (p=0.013, OR: 1.514 95% CI: 1.086-2.114.15; p=0.007, OR=1.496; 95% CI: 1.111-2.014, respectively). The frequency of AA genotype of CCND1 was decreased in hormone receptor- (estrogen and progesterone receptors) negative patients with breast cancer (p<0.049, OR=0.286; 95% CI: 0.071-1.142)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though CDKN1B polymorphism appears to be an important predictive factor for breast cancer risk and CCND1 polymorphism may be a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, further investigations with larger study groups are needed to fully elucidate the role of CCND1 and CDKN1B polymorphisms in the development and prognosis of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery, Basaksehir State Hospital, Istanbul 34230, Turkey. dremelcanbay@gmail.com
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canbay
authors.forename: Ilhan Yaylim
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Eraltan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cercel
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isbir
authors.forename: Ertugrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazioglu
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cacina
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferahman
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zengin
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Unal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics*; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27