title: Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in vaccinated chicken flocks by monitoring antibodies against non-structural protein 1 (NS1).
abstract: H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) represent a major global concern in poultries and human health. Avian influenza (AI) vaccines are available but not preferred for field applications, primarily because vaccination interferes with sero-surveillances of AIV infection. To overcome the problem, ELISA systems using non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of AIV as antigens (NS1-ELISA) have been developed to measure anti-NS1 antibodies that are raised in AIV-infected but not in vaccinated chickens. However, some AI-vaccinated chickens having a weak anti-virus immune response may subsequently be infected with AIV and spread the virus. This raises a concern for the validity of NS1-ELISA to detect AIV infection in previously vaccinated chickens. In this study, we developed NS1-ELISA and assessed its feasibility to detect HPAIV infection in chickens previously immunized with H5 or H7 AI vaccines. The results indicated that the NS1-ELISA could identify HPAIV infection in both unvaccinated and vaccinated chickens at 1 week after infection in correlation with results from time-consuming virus isolation tests. Taken together, the NS1-ELISA system would be valuable tool to define HPAIV infection when AI vaccine program is in place.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 2221-1 Shinmachi 9-chome, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan. n-takeyama@nibs.or.jp
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minari
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajihara
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokumai
authors.forename: Noriyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.forename: Rikiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Masaji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mase
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohgitani
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawata
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamatsu
authors.forename: Masatake
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuchiya
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002645:Chickens; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins