title: Comparing 3-dimensional virtual methods for reconstruction in craniomaxillofacial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present project, the virtual reconstruction of digital osteomized zygomatic bones was simulated using different methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 skulls were scanned using computed tomography, and a virtual osteotomy of the left zygomatic bone was performed. Next, virtual reconstructions of the missing part using mirror imaging (with and without best fit registration) and thin plate spline interpolation functions were compared with the original left zygomatic bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, reconstructions using thin plate spline warping showed better results than the mirroring approaches. Nevertheless, when dealing with skulls characterized by a low degree of asymmetry, mirror imaging and subsequent registration can be considered a valid and easy solution for zygomatic bone reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mirroring tool is one of the possible alternatives in reconstruction, but it might not always be the optimal solution (ie, when the hemifaces are asymmetrical). In the present pilot study, we have verified that best fit registration of the mirrored unaffected hemiface and thin plate spline warping achieved better results in terms of fitting accuracy, overcoming the evident limits of the mirroring approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. stefano.benazzi@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benazzi
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000473:pathology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult; D015050:Zygoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery