title: LIM-homeobox gene Lhx5 is required for normal development of Cajal-Retzius cells.
abstract: Cajal-Retzius (C-R) cells play important roles in the lamination of the mammalian cortex via reelin secretion. The genetic mechanisms underlying the development of these neurons have just begun to be unraveled. Here, we show that two closely related LIM-homeobox genes Lhx1 and Lhx5 are expressed in reelin+ cells in various regions in the mouse telencephalon at or adjacent to sites where the C-R cells are generated, including the cortical hem, the mantle region of the septal/retrobulbar area, and the ventral pallium. Whereas Lhx5 is expressed in all of these reelin-expressing domains, Lhx1 is preferentially expressed in the septal area and in a continuous domain spanning from lateral olfactory region to caudomedial territories. Genetic ablation of Lhx5 results in decreased reelin+ and p73+ cells in the neocortical anlage, in the cortical hem, and in the septal, olfactory, and caudomedial telencephalic regions. The overall reduction in number of C-R cells in Lhx5 mutants is accompanied by formation of ectopic reelin+ cell clusters at the caudal telencephalon. Based on differential expression of molecular markers and by fluorescent cell tracing in cultured embryos, we located the origin of reelin+ ectopic cell clusters at the caudomedial telencephalic region. We also confirmed the existence of a normal migration stream of reelin+ cells from the caudomedial area to telencephalic olfactory territories in wild-type embryos. These results reveal a complex role for Lhx5 in regulating the development and normal distribution of C-R cells in the developing forebrain.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
authors.forename: Amaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miquelajáuregui
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varela-Echavarría
authors.forename: M Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ceci
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Moreno
authors.forename: Itzel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ricaño
authors.forename: Kimmi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frade-Pérez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Portera-Cailliau
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamariz
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: De Carlos
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Yangu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; C499523:Lhx1 protein, mouse; C102995:Lhx5 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000717128:Reln protein, mouse; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases