title: Regulation of M2, M3, and M4 muscarinic receptor expression in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemic cells by carbachol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Muscarinic receptors mediate a variety of cellular responses to acetylcholine, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositide and modulation of ion channels. These receptors are relatively abundant in the central nervous system and peripheral parasympathetic nervous system. Many cells express a mixture of muscarinic receptor transcripts. Changes in muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptor mRNA levels in response to agonist treatment have been reported in cerebellar granule cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, lymphocytes and in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the effects of agonist stimulation on cell proliferation and on the levels of muscarinic receptor expression in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA and crude membrane fractions were prepared from K562 cells challenged with carbachol (CCh). Muscarinic receptor subtype expression was determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Proliferation and cell viability were evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion test and BrDU labeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that CCh-treatment leads to changes in muscarinic M(2), M(3), and M(4) receptor transcripts as well as M(2) and M(3) protein levels. We also found that CCh decreased proliferation of K562 cells in a time dependent manner, an effect prevented by atropine. These results suggest that CCh modulates K562 chronic myelogenous leukemic cells proliferation through muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cabadak
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Beki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016466:CHO Cells; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol