title: Enhancement of antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities of Korean barberry (Berberis koreana Palib.) by the combined process of high-pressure extraction with probiotic fermentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the combined effects of high pressure extraction (HPE) and probiotic fermentation on the antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities, Berberis koreana was subjected to 500 MPa for 30 min and then fermented with Bifidobacterium longum B6 (HPE-BLF) and Lactobacillus paracasei (HPE-LPF) at 37 °C for 6 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phenol content was significantly increased to 228 mg GAE g(-1) by the HPE compared to the conventional extraction (CE, 188 mg GAE g(-1)). The HPE-BLF and HPE-LPF showed the highest antimicrobial activity (MIC < 4 mg mL(-1)) against β-lactam antibiotic sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus. No significant mutagenic effect was observed for CE, HPE, HPE-BLF, and HPE-LPF extracts. The highest antimutagenic activities against frame-shift mutant Salmonella typhimurium were observed at the HPE-LPF (82%), followed by the HPE-BLF (77%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined HPE and fermentation process could be used as an alternative extraction method for improving the extraction efficacy of medicinal plants. The results will provide pharmaceutically useful information and potential direction for finding new drug sources from medicinal plants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Xinlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D028142:Berberis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D005285:Fermentation; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D007778:Lactobacillus; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems; D011312:Pressure; D019936:Probiotics; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts