title: Association between pulmonary uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose detected by positron emission tomography scanning after radiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer and radiation pneumonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in pulmonary tissue after radical radiation therapy (RT) and the presence and severity of radiation pneumonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 88 consecutive patients, (18)F-FDG-positron emission tomography was performed at a median of 70 days after completion of RT. Patients received 60 Gy in 30 fractions, and all but 15 had concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy. RT-induced pulmonary inflammatory changes occurring within the radiation treatment volume were scored, using a visual (0 to 3) radiotoxicity grading scale, by an observer blinded to the presence or absence of clinical radiation pneumonitis. Radiation pneumonitis was retrospectively graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale by an observer blinded to the PET radiotoxicity score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant association between the worst RTOG pneumonitis grade occurring at any time after RT and the positron emission tomograph (PET) radiotoxicity grade (one-sided p = 0.033). The worst RTOG pneumonitis grade occurring after the PET scan was also associated with the PET radiotoxicity grade (one-sided p = 0.035). For every one-level increase in the PET toxicity scale, the risk of a higher RTOG radiation pneumonitis score increased by approximately 40%. The PET radiotoxicity score showed no significant correlation with the duration of radiation pneumonitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensity of FDG uptake in pulmonary tissue after RT determined using a simple visual scoring system showed significant correlation with the presence and severity of radiation pneumonitis. (18)F-FDG-PET may be useful in the prediction, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of radiation pneumonitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia. michael.macmanus@petermac.org
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mac Manus
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herschtal
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Binns
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil