title: Innovative biorefinery concept for sugar-based ethanol industries: production of protein-rich fungal biomass on vinasse as an aquaculture feed ingredient.
abstract: This study examined the potential of producing a protein-rich fungus, Rhizopus microsporus (var. oligosporus), as an aquaculture feed ingredient on vinasse generated during sugar-based ethanol fermentation. Optimization studies showed prolific fungal growth at pH 5.0 and 30 degrees C on vinasse with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplementation. The molasses-vinasse resulted in the highest specific fungal biomass yield of 0.21 (g biomass increase/(g initial biomassxg soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removed)). Organic and inorganic matters were significantly reduced, e.g., 42.02% SCOD and 24.41% total dissolved solids. Thus, the treated effluent could be recycled as process water or used for land applications. The fungal biomass was found to have 45.55% crude protein with significantly high amino acids, arginine and threonine. The integration of innovative fungal technology with sugar-based ethanol production could provide an opportunity for producing food-grade fungal protein for animal feed application with simultaneous water reclamation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
authors.forename: Saoharit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitayavardhana
authors.forename: Samir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khanal
mesh_terms: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D017756:Aquaculture; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000191:economics; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008055:Lipids; D000431:Ethanol; D010100:Oxygen