title: Gene genealogies indicates abundant gene conversions and independent evolutionary histories of the mating-type chromosomes in the evolutionary history of Neurospora tetrasperma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The self-fertile filamentous ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma contains a large (approximately 7 Mbp) and young (< 6 MYA) region of suppressed recombination within its mating-type (mat) chromosomes. The objective of the present study is to reveal the evolutionary history, including key genomic events, associated with the various regions of the mat chromosomes among ten strains representing all the nine known species (lineages) contained within the N. tetrasperma species complex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparative analysis of sequence divergence among alleles of 24 mat-linked genes (mat A and mat a) indicates that a large region of suppressed recombination exists within the mat chromosome for each of nine lineages of N. tetrasperma sensu latu. The recombinationally suppressed region varies in size and gene composition among lineages, and is flanked on both ends by normally recombining regions. Genealogical analyses among lineages reveals that eight gene conversion events have occurred between homologous mat A and mat a-linked alleles of genes located within the region of restricted recombination during the evolutionary history of N. tetrasperma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the region of suppressed recombination in the mat chromosomes has likely been subjected to independent contraction and/or expansion during the evolutionary history of the N. tetrasperma species complex. Furthermore, we infer that gene conversion events are likely a common phenomenon within this recombinationally suppressed genomic region. We argue that gene conversions might provide an efficient mechanism of adaptive editing of functional genes, including the removal of deleterious mutations, within the young recombinationally suppressed region of the mat chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Audrius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menkis
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johannesson
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005785:Gene Conversion; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D009491:Neurospora / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal