title: Association between socio-psycho-behavioral factors and male semen quality: systematic review and meta-analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the factors associated with male semen quality from many socio-psycho-behavioral factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI were searched to identify relevant publications for systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen socio-psycho-behavioral factors in 57 cross-sectional studies with 29,914 participants from 26 countries/regions were involved in this review. Six factors (age, body mass index [BMI], psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption) were included in meta-analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking can deteriorate all of the sperm parameters of both fertile and infertile men, but it is not risk factor for semen volume in Switzerland and Iran and for sperm density in the United States, Denmark, and Brazil; higher age and alcohol consumption are risk factors for lower semen volume; and psychological stress can lower sperm density and sperm progressive motility and increase abnormal sperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review further suggested that higher age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychological stress were risk factors for semen quality. These results indicated that health programs focusing on lifestyle and psychological health would be helpful for male reproductive health. Well-designed studies are needed to further identify the role of more socio-psycho-behavioral factors in male semen quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Preventive Medicine, Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*