title: FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue-a brief report on brown fat with FDG uptake mechanisms and quantitative analysis using dual-time-point FDG PET/CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential source of false-positive findings on [(18)F] FDG PET. In this report, we have discussed the (18)F-FDG uptake mechanisms in BAT and have aimed to determine if dual time point PET imaging helps to differentiate BAT from malignant lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with dual-time-point PET/CT scans were reviewed retrospectively and 31 cases (11 males, 20 females, age: 28.6±9.7) having hypermetabolic BAT were included for this study. (18)F-FDG uptake in BAT was quantitatively analyzed by maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), and average percent change in SUVmax of BAT between early and delayed images was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the initial scans, (18)F-FDG uptakes in BAT in delayed images were higher in 26 of the patients, and lower in one patient. In terms of body regions, (18)F-FDG uptake increased in 80.6%, remained unchanged in 5.5% and decreased in 13.9% of the body regions. Mean percent change in SUVmax, including all BAT regions, was 19.8±19.1% while the mean percent increase was calculated as 69±25% in regions where progressive accumulation was observed. The increase in SUVmax correlated with the time interval between the two scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiologic (18)F-FDG uptake in BAT increases over time and may mimic the behavior of malignant lesions on dual time point PET imaging. Without the exact anatomic definition of the CT scan, false positive interpretation of PET data may be possible in cases with atypical BAT.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. burcuesen@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esen Akkas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gökaslan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Güner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ilgin Karabacak
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009928:Organ Specificity; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18