title: Multisyringe chromatography (MSC) using a monolithic column for the determination of sulphonated azo dyes.
abstract: A methodology based on multisyringe chromatography with a monolithic column was developed to determine three sulphonated azo textile dyes: Acid Yellow 23, Acid Yellow 9 and Acid Red 97. An ion pair reagent was needed because of the low affinity between the monolithic column and the anionic dyes. The proposed analytical system is simple, versatile and low-cost and has great flexibility in manifold configuration. The method was optimized through experimentation based on experimental design methodology. For this purpose two blocks of full factorial 2(3) were done sequentially. In the first experimental plan, the factors studied were: the % of acetonitrile in organic phase, the % of H(2)O in the mobile phase and the kind of ion pair reagent. In this stage, a simple configuration was used which has only one syringe for the mobile phase. After the first experimentation, we added a second syringe with a second mobile phase to the multisyringe module and performed a second full factorial 2(3). The factors studied in this case were: the % of acetonitrile in the second mobile phase, the pH and the concentration of ion pair reagent in both mobile phases. After this design, the optimal conditions were selected for obtaining a good resolution between the peaks of yellow dyes (1.47) and the elution of red dye in less than 8 min. The methodology was validated by spiking different amounts of each dye in real water samples, specifically, tap water, well water and water from a biological wastewater lagoon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: M Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Larrechi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forteza
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cerdà
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Callao
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007267:Injections; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013594:Syringes; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water