title: Current concepts and future trends in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ultrasound guidance for regional anesthesia has gained enormous popularity during the past several years. This review article highlights the importance of acquiring an understanding and knowledge of human anatomy for well tolerated and effective performance of regional anesthesia; includes description of some of the major principles of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia techniques (adequate identification of neuronal and adjacent anatomical structures along with the procedure needle); use of adequate volumes of local anesthetic and the proper administration of local anesthetic; and discusses economical along with educational aspects of ultrasound-guided regional blocks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies by various authors have indicated that ultrasound-guided regional blocks can be performed by using smaller volumes of local anesthetics. Such findings will further contribute to the safety of regional anesthesia in daily clinical practice. Additional positive economical aspects associated with regional anesthesia have also been described in the recent literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With little reservation, it is anticipated that ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia will become the 'GOLD' standard for performance of regional anesthesia. Excellent science and educational concepts will continue to be required with the continued increase in popularity of this exciting specialty of anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. peter.marhofer@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marhofer
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willschke
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kettner
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education / Q000639:trends; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local