title: Effect of tacrolimus on the excitatory synaptic transmission between the parallel fibers and pyramidal cells in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus has several effects on the central nervous system. Besides its protective effect in hearing deficiencies, it is also considered to be able to cause tinnitus. In the present work, we attempted to describe its effects on a characteristic synapse of the auditory system that may be involved in the pathogenesis of tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Slices of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (200 microm thick) were prepared from 9- to 14-day-old Wistar rats. In response to stimulation targeting the superficial layer of the nucleus, we recorded excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) developing in the cell bodies of the pyramidal neurons using whole-cell voltage clamps. Inhibitory synaptic activity was inhibited by the application of bicuculline and strychnine. Short-term plasticity was investigated using high-frequency stimulation (50 Hz). Unambiguous identification of the investigated neurons was ensured by employing biocytin in the pipette solution, which allowed the confocal reconstruction of the cells after the functional measurements. A concentration of 1 micromol/L tacrolimus was applied extracellularly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tacrolimus effectively and reversibly inhibited glutamatergic neurotransmission in the investigated synapse from -145 +/- 26 pA to -55 +/- 15 pA (n = 7; P = .00928). In contrast, EPSC amplitudes without failures were not significantly reduced (from -153 +/- 26 pA to -131 +/- 23 pA) in the presence of tacrolimus, but there were increased failure numbers of synaptic transmission. These data suggested that application of tacrolimus produced a combined pre- and postsynaptic inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus affected short-term synaptic plasticity in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. It was also capable of inhibiting the glutamatergic neurotransmission. These effects suggested that tacrolimus may have neuroprotective effects in this structure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. drszabolaszlo@gmail.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rusznák
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szucs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asztalos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pál
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017626:Cochlear Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus