title: Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression after trauma center hospitalization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals hospitalized after physical trauma are at heightened risk for mental disorders. We examined prevalence rates of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression at 6 and 12 months in a sample of 677 individuals experiencing different types of trauma who were representative of physical trauma survivors hospitalized in Los Angeles County trauma centers. Demographic and injury-related risk factors for these disorders were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bivariate logistic regressions estimated risk for PTSD and depression at either 6 or 12 months associated with baseline risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, 31% of participants met screening criteria for probable PTSD and 31% met criteria for probable depression. At 12 months, 28% and 29% met criteria for PTSD and depression, respectively. There were also high rates of comorbidity; depression and PTSD co-occurred in 21% of individuals at 6 months and in 19% of patients at 12 months. Bivariate logistic regressions indicated that preexisting disability and lower education were associated with higher odds of PTSD at either 6 or 12 months. African Americans and Hispanics had higher odds of PTSD compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians. Assault-related injury (versus accident), more severe injury, and longer hospitalizations were also associated with greater odds of PTSD. By contrast, higher odds of depression at 6 or 12 months were only associated with preexisting disability, losing consciousness, more severe injury, and longer hospitalizations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key demographic and injury characteristics may enhance identification of at-risk trauma survivors who would benefit from targeted screening, patient education, and early intervention efforts.
authors.affiliation: RAND Corporation, Arlington, Virginia 22202, USA. rshih@rand.org
authors.forename: Regina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hambarsoomian
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Belzberg
authors.forename: Grant N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*