title: Comparison of liver tumor motion with and without abdominal compression using cine-magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominal compression (AC) can be used to reduce respiratory liver motion in patients undergoing liver stereotactic body radiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to measure the changes in three-dimensional liver tumor motion with and without compression using cine-magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients treated as a part of an institutional research ethics board-approved liver stereotactic body radiotherapy protocol underwent cine T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging through the tumor centroid in the coronal and sagittal planes. A total of 240 cine-magnetic resonance imaging sequences acquired at one to three images each second for 30-60 s were evaluated using an in-house-developed template matching tool (based on the coefficient correlation) to measure the magnitude of the tumor motion. The average tumor edge displacements were used to determine the magnitude of changes in the caudal-cranial (CC) and anteroposterior (AP) directions, with and without AC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean tumor motion without AC of 11.7 mm (range, 4.8-23.3) in the CC direction was reduced to 9.4 mm (range, 1.6-23.4) with AC. The tumor motion was reduced in both directions (CC and AP) in 52% of the patients and in a single direction (CC or AP) in 90% of the patients. The mean decrease in tumor motion with AC was 2.3 and 0.6 mm in the CC and AP direction, respectively. Increased motion occurred in one or more directions in 28% of patients. Clinically significant (>3 mm) decreases were observed in 40% and increases in <2% of patients in the CC direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AC can significantly reduce three-dimensional liver tumor motion in most patients, although the magnitude of the reduction was smaller than previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Eccles
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Simeonov
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: Masoom
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration