title: Synthesis, in vitro macrophage response and detoxification of bamboo charcoal beads for purifying blood.
abstract: Bamboo charcoal beads (BCBs) were formed by coprecipitating bamboo charcoal particles with chitosan in alkaline solution. The amount of chitosan in the BCBs and their surface properties were measured. When 13-52 mg BCBs were exposed to RAW 264.7 macrophages, the amount of nitric oxide released and the cell viability were close to those of the blank. The amount of cytokine IL-6 secreted by macrophages did not depend on the dose of BCBs but macrophages secreted more TNF-alpha in response to higher doses of BCBs. However, the cytokine levels were relatively low, suggesting the favorable biocompatibility of BCBs. In adsorption experiments, BCBs adsorbed and released bovine serum albumin at particular concentrations, whereas BCBs adsorbed L-phenylalanine without a sign of release. This difference is attributed to the hydrophilicity and the pore size of the BCBs. Finally, the potential of BCBs as biocompatible adsorbents in blood detoxification is considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan, Republic of China. mfhsieh@cycu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Ming-Fa
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hsiao-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Chih-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.forename: Szu-Hau
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Tyng
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-Chieh
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D031723:Bambusa / Q000737:chemistry*; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002606:Charcoal; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010649:Phenylalanine