title: Increased risk of stroke among men with erectile dysfunction: a nationwide population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that erectile dysfunction (ED) represents an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. However, very few studies have attempted to examine the association between ED and subsequent stroke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of stroke during a 5-year follow-up period after the first ambulatory care visit for the treatment of ED using nationwide, population-based data and a retrospective case-control cohort design in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used data sourced from the "Longitudinal Health Insurance Database." The study cohort comprised 1,501 patients who received a principal diagnosis of ED between 1997 and 2001 and 7,505 randomly selected subjects as the comparison cohort. Each patient (N = 9,006) was then individually tracked for 5 years from their index ambulatory care visit to identify those who had diagnosed episodes of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed as a means of comparing the 5-year stroke-free survival rate for the two cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sampled patients, 918 (10.2%) developed stroke within the 5-year follow-up period, that is, 188 individuals (12.5% of the patients with ED) from the study cohort and 730 individuals (9.7% of patients in the comparison cohort) from the comparison cohort. The log-rank test indicated that patients with ED had significantly lower 5-year stroke-free survival rates than those in the comparison cohort (P < 0.001). After adjusting for the patient's monthly income, geographical location, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia, patients with ED were more likely to have a stroke during the 5-year follow-up period than patients in the comparison cohort (hazard ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.08 - 1.54, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ED is a surrogate marker for future stroke in men.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban Ciao, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Shiu-Dong
authors: SD
authors: Chung
authors: Yi-Kuang
authors: YK
authors: Chen
authors: Hsiu-Chen
authors: HC
authors: Lin
authors: Herng-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology