title: Lymphovascular invasion and the presence of more than three tumors are associated with poor outcomes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer after bladder-conserving therapies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the predictive factors for survival and recurrence of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (urothelial carcinoma) after bladder-conserving therapies and to determine the efficacy of partial cystectomy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of MIBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2002 through 2007, 100 patients with MIBC (pT2 74%, pT3-4 26%) underwent partial cystectomy (PC). Subjects who had stage pT3-4 disease received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At median follow-up of 31.5 months (range 6-66 months), 46% patients experienced superficial local recurrence and 14% developed muscle-invasive local recurrence. At the end of follow-up, 24 patients died of bladder cancer, and 71 patients (71%) survived with intact bladders. The 5-year bladder-intact survival rate was 63%. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate was 68%. By multivariate analysis, the presence of more than 3 tumors (P = .002, RR 2.718, 95% CI 1.455-5.079) and nonpapillary growth patterns (P = .005, RR 4.537, 95% CI 1.573-13.081) were predictive factors for local cancer recurrence; the presence of more than 3 tumors (P = .002, RR 4.109, 95% CI 1.676-10.072), lymphovascular invasion (P = .001, RR 6.098, 95% CI 2.038-18.246), and partial cystectomy plus ureteral reimplantation (PC plus UR) (P = .011, RR 0.129, 95% CI .027-0.627) were significantly associated with 5-year CSS, and PC plus UR promoted survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PC plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy is a rational alternative to radical cystectomy for the treatment of MIBC. Lymphovascular invasion and the presence of more than 3 tumors predict poor outcomes in MIBC after bladder-sparing therapy.
authors: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors: Minguang
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Ran
authors: R
authors: Tao
authors: Cunming
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhoujun
authors: Z
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012092:Replantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery