title: Relation of phase angle tertiles with blood adipocytokines levels, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in obese women patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have evaluated the relation between phase angle (PA) and metabolic syndrome. As long as we know, there are not studies of association between phase angle and adipocytokines. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of adipocytokines levels and classical cardiovascular risk factors with tertiles of phase angle in obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was designed to establish whether phase angle from 228 adult female patients with obesity are related with adipocitokynes and cardiovascular risk factors. These patients were studied in a Nutrition Clinic Unit after signed informed consent. All patients with a 2 weeks weight-stabilization period before recruitment were enrolled. Weight, blood pressure, basal glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides blood and adypocitokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin Interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha) levels were measured. The phase angle alpha was determined by bioimpedance with the equation [PA degrees =(Xc/R)x(180 degrees/pi)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-eight females gave informed consent and were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 38.2 +/- 14.7 years and the mean BMI 35.27 +/- 6.5. Patients were divided by tertiles of phase angle. Fat mass was higher in first tertile than third tertile (43.6 +/- 12.6 vs 40.9 +/- 15 kg: p<0.05). HOMA (2.4 +/- 1.6 vs 1.46 +/- 1.6: p<0.05), insulin (14.4 +/- 8.5 vs 11.3 +/- 9.4 mUI/L: p<0.05) and glucose (102.1 +/- 20 vs 90 +/- 19.5 mg/dl: p<0.05) levels were higher in first tertile than second and third tertiles. Leptin (167.3 +/- 98 vs 104.5 +/- 80 ng/ml: p<0.05) and IL-6 (3.84 +/- 5.7 vs 1.8 +/- 2.9 pg/ml: p<0.05) levels were higher in first phase angle tertile than third tertile phase angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese women with a low PA tertile have high fat mass with a secondary high level of glucose, HOMA, IL-6 and leptin. Perhaps, a low tertile of phase angle could be a new subrogate cardiovascular risk factor to categorize the obese patients.
authors: Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School, Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain. dadluis@yahoo.es
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: de Luis
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Aller
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Romero
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dueñas
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Perez Castrillon
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin