title: Augmented language intervention and the emergence of symbol-infused joint engagement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether the effects of 3 parent-coached language interventions--2 focused on augmented communication using a speech-generating device and 1 focused only on speech--for toddlers with developmental delays and fewer than 10 words (M. A. Romski et al., 2010) generalized to children's joint engagement during interactions with parents that took place outside the intervention context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven toddlers who participated in one of three parent-coached language interventions were observed both pre- and post-intervention interacting with their parents using a Communication Play Protocol that produced samples of communication related to social interacting, requesting, and commenting. Their engagement states were reliably coded from the videorecords of these interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symbol-infused joint engagement of children in all 3 intervention groups increased significantly from pre- to post-intervention. The amount of symbol-infused joint engagement observed post-intervention was significantly associated with whether or not the child produced spoken words and, for children in the 2 augmented conditions, the number of augmented words used during the last intervention session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of parent-coached augmented language interventions generalize to children's engagement in child-parent interactions outside the intervention context in ways that may facilitate additional language acquisition.
authors: Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. ladamson@gsu.edu
authors: Lauren B
authors: LB
authors: Adamson
authors: MaryAnn
authors: M
authors: Romski
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Bakeman
authors: Rose A
authors: RA
authors: Sevcik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003142:Communication; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010290:Parents; D013561:Symbolism; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods