title: Oxidative stress-mediated hemolytic activity of solvent exchange-prepared fullerene (C60) nanoparticles.
abstract: The present study investigated the hemolytic properties of fullerene (C(60)) nanoparticles prepared by solvent exchange using tetrahydrofuran (nC(60)THF), or by mechanochemically assisted complexation with macrocyclic oligosaccharide gamma-cyclodextrin (nC(60)CDX) or the copolymer ethylene vinyl acetate-ethylene vinyl versatate (nC(60)EVA-EVV). The spectrophotometrical analysis of hemoglobin release revealed that only nC(60)THF, but not nC(60)CDX or nC(60)EVA-EVV, was able to cause lysis of human erythrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atomic force microscopy revealed that nC(60)THF-mediated hemolysis was preceded by erythrocyte shrinkage and increase in cell surface roughness. A flow cytometric analysis confirmed a decrease in erythrocyte size and demonstrated a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production in red blood cells exposed to nC(60)THF. The nC(60)THF-triggered hemolytic activity was efficiently reduced by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole, as well as by serum albumin, the most abundant protein in human blood plasma. These data indicate that nC(60)THF can cause serum albumin-preventable hemolysis through oxidative stress-mediated damage of the erythrocyte membrane.
authors: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Andreja
authors: A
authors: Trpkovic
authors: Biljana
authors: B
authors: Todorovic-Markovic
authors: Duska
authors: D
authors: Kleut
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Misirkic
authors: Kristina
authors: K
authors: Janjetovic
authors: Ljubica
authors: L
authors: Vucicevic
authors: Aleksandar
authors: A
authors: Pantovic
authors: Svetlana
authors: S
authors: Jovanovic
authors: Miroslav
authors: M
authors: Dramicanin
authors: Zoran
authors: Z
authors: Markovic
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Trajkovic
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005663:Furans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D005663:Furans; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012709:Serum Albumin; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; C016438:ethylenevinylacetate copolymer; C018674:tetrahydrofuran; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin