title: PKA phosphorylates histone deacetylase 5 and prevents its nuclear export, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
abstract: Dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) is a fundamental mechanism regulating gene transcription. Recent studies have identified several protein kinases that phosphorylate HDAC5, leading to its exportation from the nucleus. However, the negative regulatory mechanisms for HDAC5 nuclear exclusion remain largely unknown. Here we show that cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) specifically phosphorylates HDAC5 and prevents its export from the nucleus, leading to suppression of gene transcription. PKA interacts directly with HDAC5 and phosphorylates HDAC5 at serine 280, an evolutionarily conserved site. Phosphorylation of HDAC5 by PKA interrupts the association of HDAC5 with protein chaperone 14-3-3 and hence inhibits stress signal-induced nuclear export of HDAC5. An HDAC5 mutant that mimics PKA-dependent phosphorylation localizes in the nucleus and acts as a dominant inhibitor for myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity. Molecular manipulations of HDAC5 show that PKA-phosphorylated HDAC5 inhibits cardiac fetal gene expression and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Our findings identify HDAC5 as a substrate of PKA and reveal a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway that controls HDAC5 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and represses gene transcription. This pathway may represent a mechanism by which cAMP/PKA signaling modulates a wide range of biological functions and human diseases such as cardiomyopathy.
authors: Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors: Chang Hoon
authors: CH
authors: Ha
authors: Ji Young
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Jinjing
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Weiye
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Bong Sook
authors: BS
authors: Jhun
authors: Chelsea
authors: C
authors: Wong
authors: Zheng Gen
authors: ZG
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D054751:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D054751:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits; C404500:HDAC5 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases