title: RNA-based antiviral immunity.
abstract: In eukaryotic RNA-based antiviral immunity, viral double-stranded RNA is recognized as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by the host ribonuclease Dicer. After amplification by host RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in some cases, these virus-derived siRNAs guide specific antiviral immunity through RNA interference and related RNA silencing effector mechanisms. Here, I review recent studies on the features of viral siRNAs and other virus-derived small RNAs from virus-infected fungi, plants, insects, nematodes and vertebrates and discuss the innate and adaptive properties of RNA-based antiviral immunity.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. shou-wei.ding@ucr.edu
authors: Shou-Wei
authors: SW
authors: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012367:RNA, Viral