title: Door-to-balloon times are reduced in ST-elevation myocardial infarction by emergency physician activation of the cardiac catheterisation laboratory and immediate patient transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether a collaborative interdepartmental pathway involving emergency department (ED) physicians activating the cardiac catheterisation laboratory (CCL) with immediate patient transfer to the CCL reduces door-to-balloon (DTB) times for patients with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental before-and-after observational study using a prospective database, supplemented by chart review, of consecutive patients transferred from the ED to the CCL for suspected STEMI, from January 2007 to October 2009, at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, an adult tertiary-care hospital, Western Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Median DTB time and proportion of patients with DTB time of < 90 minutes. Secondary outcomes, based on analysis of predefined subgroups, included door-to-activation time, activation-to-balloon time and false-positive activations of the CCL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and thirty-four patients underwent emergency coronary angiography for suspected STEMI, with 188 (80%) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (118 before and 70 after implementation of the new pathway). Following implementation of the new pathway, median DTB time reduced from 97 to 77 minutes (P < 0.001), median door-to-activation time from 28 to 15 minutes (P = 0.002) and median activation-to-balloon time from 66 to 53 minutes (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with recommended DTB time of < 90 minutes increased from 41% to 77% (P < 0.001) with no change in false positive CCL activation rates (12% v 11%; P = 0.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED physician activation of CCL with immediate patient transfer is associated with highly significant improvements in DTB time without increased false positive rates.
authors: Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia. alwillson77@hotmail.com
authors: Alexander B
authors: AB
authors: Willson
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Mountain
authors: Joanne M
authors: JM
authors: Jeffers
authors: Cheryl G
authors: CG
authors: Blanton
authors: Brendan M
authors: BM
authors: McQuillan
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Hung
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Muhlmann
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital; D019091:Critical Pathways; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D010360:Patient Transfer; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors