title: Development of a questionnaire for identification of the risk factors for osteoarthritis of the knees in developing countries. A pilot study in Iran and Bangladesh. An ILAR-COPCORD phase III study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent rheumatic disorders in the Asia-Pacific region. Identification of modifiable risk factors is important for development of strategies for primary and secondary prevention of knee OA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Developing a core questionnaire for identification of risk factors of knee OA at the community level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steps performed: (1) item generation from literature, existing knee OA questionnaires and patient focus group discussions; (2) development of a preliminary APLAR-COPCORD English questionnaire; (3) translation into target language, back translation and development of a pre-final target language version; (4) adaptation of the pre-final target language version through tests of comprehensibility, content validity, test-retest reliability; and (5) finalization of the English questionnaire. Investigators in Bangladesh, Iran, China, Philippines and Indonesia participated in steps 1 and 2. Subsequent steps were carried out by Bangladeshi and Iranian investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three items were generated. Fourteen were obtainable from physical examination and placed in an examination sheet. Two radiological items were not included. A preliminary English questionnaire comprising the remaining 37 items was constructed and translated into Bengali and Persian. The preliminary Bengali and Persian versions were adapted as a result of tests of comprehensibility, content validity and test-retest reliability. The English questionnaire was adapted through repeated exchange of ideas and experiences among participating investigators. A 35-item English core questionnaire was finally developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaires may be used to identify risk factors of knee OA in Asia-Pacific communities after validation and further adaptation. From these data strategies for primary and secondary prevention of knee OA can be developed.
authors: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Bangladesh. syedatiqulhaq@yahoo.com
authors: Syed Atiqul
authors: SA
authors: Haq
authors: Fereydoun
authors: F
authors: Davatchi
authors: Saeideh
authors: S
authors: Dahaghin
authors: Nazrul
authors: N
authors: Islam
authors: Aniruddha
authors: A
authors: Ghose
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Darmawan
authors: Arvind
authors: A
authors: Chopra
authors: Zeng Quing
authors: ZQ
authors: Yu
authors: Leonila F
authors: LF
authors: Dans
authors: Johannes J
authors: JJ
authors: Rasker
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001459:Bangladesh; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007802:Language; D015588:Observer Variation; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires