title: Effect of diets supplemented with different levels of manganese, zinc, and copper from their organic or inorganic sources on egg production and quality characteristics in laying hens.
abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc, manganese, and copper sources (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet on laying performance and eggshell quality characteristics. One hundred and eighty Hy-Line W-36 layers at 38 weeks of age were allocated to 36-layer cages of five hens each. Each six cages were randomly assigned to one of the six experimental diets fed from 38 to 53 week of age. In three experimental treatments, the basal diet was supplemented with 65-75-7 or 65-75-7 or 40-40-7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, from their oxide or sulfate sources. Three other groups were fed diets supplemented with 20-20-3.5 or 40-40-7.5 or 60-60-10.5 mg/kg of organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. Dietary treatments significantly did affect feed intake (P < 0.001), feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001) and percentage of broken eggs (P < 0.05). Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides (65 and 75 mg kg(-1), respectively) with equal amounts of their sulfate forms significantly improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio, percentage of broken eggs, and Haugh Unit (P < 0.05). In addition, laying hens maintained their performance when substitution of Zn and Mn oxides and Cu sulfate (65, 75, and 7 mg kg(-1), respectively) reduced up to 20, 20, and 3.5 mg kg(-1) by amino acid complexes of the microelements. The results showed that a corn-soybean diet supplemented with the organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu at a dosage 50% to 75% lower than NRC recommendation is sufficient to maintain laying performance and can improve eggshell and albumen qualities of the egg in laying hens.
authors: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, 81785-199 Isfahan, Iran. gheisariab@khuisf.ac.ir
authors: Abbas Ali
authors: AA
authors: Gheisari
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Sanei
authors: Abdolhossein
authors: A
authors: Samie
authors: Mohamad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Gheisari
authors: Majid
authors: M
authors: Toghyani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013025:Glycine max; D003313:Zea mays; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D008345:Manganese; C027424:manganese oxide; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc; D015034:Zinc Oxide