title: Surgical management of primary bone tumors of the spine: validation of an approach to enhance cure and reduce local recurrence.
abstract: METHODS
  Multicenter ambispective cohort analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine whether applying Enneking's principles to surgical management of primary bone tumors of the spine significant decreases local recurrence and/or mortality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Oncologic management of primary tumors of spine has historically been inconsistent, controversial, and open to individual interpretation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter ambispective cohort analysis from 4 tertiary care spine referral centers was done. Patients were analyzed in 2 cohorts, "Enneking Appropriate" (EA), surgical margin as recommended by Enneking, and "Enneking Inappropriate" (EI), surgical margin not recommended by Enneking. Benign tumors were not included in mortality analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cohorts represented an analytic dataset with 147 patients, 86 male, average age 46 years (range: 10-83). Median follow-up was 4 (2-7) years in the EA and 6 (5.5-15.5) years in the EI. Seventy-one patients suffered at least 1 local recurrence during the study, 57 of 77 in the EI group and 14 of 70 in the EA group. EI surgical approach caused higher risk of first local recurrence (P < 0.0001). There were 48 deaths in total; 29 in the EI group and 19 in the EA. There was a strong correlation between the first local recurrence and mortality with an odds ratio of 4.69, (P < 0.0001). EI surgical approach resulted in a higher risk of mortality with a hazard ratio of 3.10, (P = 0.0485) compared to EA approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery results in a significant reduction in local recurrence when primary bone tumors of the spine are resected with EA margins. Local recurrence has a high concordance with mortality in resection of these tumors. A significant decrease in mortality occurs when EA surgery is used.
authors: Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, and the Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada. charles.fisher@vch.ca
authors: Charles G
authors: CG
authors: Fisher
authors: Davor D
authors: DD
authors: Saravanja
authors: Marcel F
authors: MF
authors: Dvorak
authors: Y Raja
authors: YR
authors: Rampersaud
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Clarkson
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hurlbert
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Fox
authors: Hongbin
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Lewis
authors: Salman
authors: S
authors: Riaz
authors: Peter C
authors: PC
authors: Ferguson
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult