title: Influence of the maize silage to grass silage ratio and feed particle size of rations for ruminants on the community structure of ruminal Firmicutes in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of the forage source and feed particle size (FPS) in ruminant rations on the composition of the ruminal Firmicutes community in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three diets, varying in maize silage to grass silage ratio and FPS, were incubated in a rumen simulation system. Microbial samples were taken from the liquid fermenter effluents. Microbial community analysis was performed by 16S rRNA-based techniques. Clostridia-specific single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles revealed changes of the community structure in dependence on both factors tested. The coarse grass silage-containing diets seemed to enhance the occurrence of different Roseburia species. As detected by real-time quantitative PCR, Ruminococcus albus showed a higher abundance with decreasing FPS. A slightly lower proportion of Bacilli was found with increasing grass silage to maize silage ratio by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In contrast, a slightly higher proportion of bacterial species belonging to the Clostridium-clusters XIV a and b was detected by FISH with increasing grass silage contents in the diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ruminal Firmicutes community is affected by the choice of the forage source and FPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supplies fundamental knowledge about the response of ruminal microbial communities to changing diets. Moreover, the data suggest a standardization of grinding of feeds for in vitro studies to facilitate the comparison of results of different laboratories.
authors: Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tierernährung, Stuttgart, Germany. inst450@uni-hohenheim.de
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Witzig
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Boguhn
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kleinsteuber
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Fetzer
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rodehutscord
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D010316:Particle Size; D010802:Phylogeny; D006109:Poaceae; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012418:Ruminants / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012820:Silage; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S