title: Both the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and tissue-specific AGAMOUS enhancers activate transcription autonomously in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: The expression of eukaryotic genes from their cognate promoters is often regulated by the action of transcriptional enhancer elements that function in an orientation-independent manner either locally or at a distance within a genome. This interactive nature often provokes unexpected interference within transgenes in plants, as reflected by misexpression of the introduced gene and undesired phenotypes in transgenic lines. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying enhancer/promoter interactions in a plant system, we analyzed the activation of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene by enhancers contained within the AGAMOUS second intron (AGI) and the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, respectively, in the presence and absence of a target promoter. Our results indicate that both the AGI and 35S enhancers, which differ significantly in their species of origin and in the pattern of expression that they induce, have the capacity to activate the expression of a nearby gene through the promoter-independent initiation of autonomous transcriptional events. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the 35S enhancer utilizes a mechanism resembling animal- and yeast-derived scanning or facilitated tracking models of long-distance enhancer action in its activation of a remote target promoter.
authors: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
authors: Stacy D
authors: SD
authors: Singer
authors: Kerik D
authors: KD
authors: Cox
authors: Zongrang
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D026342:AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017796:Caulimovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D026342:AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis; D014764:Viral Proteins