title: Portal vascular anomalies in Down syndrome: spectrum of clinical presentation and management approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of portal vascular anomalies in Down syndrome has been sporadically reported in the literature. These rare disorders have a wide spectrum of anatomical and clinical presentations. The aim of this communication was to describe the clinical course, imaging features, and management approaches in patients with this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comprehensive search of the databases of the Vascular Anomalies Center and the Department of Radiology at Children's Hospital Boston for patients with Down syndrome and portal vascular anomalies. Medical records and imaging studies of varying modalities were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three children with Down syndrome and portal anomalies (portosystemic shunt, simple arterioportal shunt, complex arterioportal shunt) were managed at our institution. The portosystemic shunt was clinically insignificant and resolved without any intervention. The simple arterioportal shunt was successfully treated with embolization. The complex arterioportal shunt was associated with major congenital cardiac defects and the child ultimately expired despite a decrease in the arterioportal shunting after embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three is a wide spectrum of clinical and anatomical features of portal vascular shunts in Down syndrome. The management approach should be tailored based on the severity of symptoms. Percutaneous embolization can offer a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to the surgical approach in selective cases.
authors: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Nazar
authors: N
authors: Golewale
authors: Harriet J
authors: HJ
authors: Paltiel
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Fishman
authors: Ahmad I
authors: AI
authors: Alomari
mesh_terms: D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011168:Portal System / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*