title: Optimal degree of mouth opening for laryngeal mask airway function during oral surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to determine the optimal degree of mouth opening in anesthetized patients requiring laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during oral surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single, experienced LMA user inserted the LMA in 15 patients who were scheduled for elective oral surgery. Oropharyngeal leak pressure, intracuff pressure, and fiberoptic assessment of the LMA position were sequentially documented in 5 mouth conditions-opening of 1.4 (neutral position), 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm-and any resulting ventilatory difficulties were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oropharyngeal leak pressure with the mouth open 4 cm (21.8 ± 3.2 cm H(2)O, P = .025) and 5 cm (27.3 ± 7.2 cm H(2)O, P < .001) was significantly higher than in the neutral position (18.1 ± 1.5 cm H(2)O), as was intracuff pressure (neutral position, 60.0 ± 0 cm H(2)O; 4 cm, 72.6 ± 5.1 cm H(2)O [P < .001]; and 5 cm, 86.9 ± 14.4 cm H(2)O [P < .001]). LMA position, observed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, was unchanged by mouth opening, being similar in the 5 mouth conditions (P = .999). In addition, ventilation difficulties (abnormal capnograph curves or inadequate tidal volume) occurred in 2 of 15 patients (13%) and 7 of 15 patients (53%) (P < .001) with the mouth opening of 4 and 5 cm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that a mouth opening over 4 cm led to substantial increases in oropharyngeal leak pressure and intracuff pressure of the LMA, warranting caution, because gastric insufflation, sore throat, and ventilation difficulties may occur. A mouth opening of 3 cm achieves acceptable airway conditions for anesthetized patients requiring LMA.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Dental University, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan. odu9847@yahoo.co.jp
authors: Takuro
authors: T
authors: Sanuki
authors: Shingo
authors: S
authors: Sugioka
authors: Motoko
authors: M
authors: Hirokane
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Son
authors: Rumiko
authors: R
authors: Uda
authors: Masafumi
authors: M
authors: Akatsuka
authors: Junichiro
authors: J
authors: Kotani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058109:Airway Management; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D019296:Capnography; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D055815:Young Adult