title: Microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats are associated with morphologies of colorectal neoplasias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) occurs during microsatellite instability (MSI) that is not associated with major defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) but rather the reduced (heterogenous) expression of the MMR protein hMSH3; it occurs in sporadic colorectal tumors. We examined the timing of development of EMAST during progression of colorectal neoplasias and looked for correlations between EMAST and clinical and pathology features of tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated tumor samples from a cohort of patients that had 24 adenomas and 84 colorectal cancers. EMAST were analyzed after DNA microdissection of matched normal and tumor samples using the polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers MYCL1, D9S242, D20S85, D8S321, and D20S82; data were compared with clinical and pathology findings. Traditional MSI analysis was performed and hMSH3 expression was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas had higher frequencies of EMAST (56.9% and 40.0%, respectively) than well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (12.5%) or adenomas (33.3%) (P = .040). In endoscopic analysis, ulcerated tumors had a higher frequency of EMAST (52.3%) than flat (44.0%) or protruded tumors (20.0%) (P = .049). In quantification, all tumors with >3 tetranucleotide defects lost MSH3 (>75% of cells); nuclear heterogeneity of hMSH3 occurred more frequently in EMAST-positive (40.0%) than in EMAST-negative tumors (13.2%) (P = .010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMAST is acquired during progression of adenoma and well-differentiated carcinomas to moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas; it correlates with nuclear heterogeneity for hMSH3. Loss of hMSH3 corresponds with multiple tetranucleotide frameshifts. The association between EMAST and ulcerated tumors might result from increased inflammation.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sun-Young
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Heekyung
authors: H
authors: Chung
authors: Bikash
authors: B
authors: Devaraj
authors: Moriya
authors: M
authors: Iwaizumi
authors: Hye Seung
authors: HS
authors: Han
authors: Dae-Yong
authors: DY
authors: Hwang
authors: Moo Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Seong
authors: Barbara H
authors: BH
authors: Jung
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Carethers
mesh_terms: D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C078444:MSH3 protein, human; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein