title: Listening to patients: using verbal data in the validation of the Aberdeen Measures of Impairment, Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction (Ab-IAP).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the validity of the self-administered Aberdeen Measures of Impairment, Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction (Ab-IAP): by investigating how participants interpret and respond to questions using the cognitive interviewing technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip participated in a cognitive interview whilst completing the Ab-IAP. Interviews were conducted using the concurrent 'think aloud' design. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed (i) using a standardised classification scheme to identify four types of response problems and (ii) thematically using the constant comparative technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants used various response strategies when answering questions about impairment, activity limitations and participation restriction. Problems were judged to be present in 3.1% of participants' responses for the item Ab-IAP. Thematic analysis provided insight into the type and nature of problems people experienced when completing the Ab-IAP measures. The problems identified were mainly comprehension and response problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants had minimal difficulties completing the Ab-IAP; however those difficulties identified have prompted suggestions for improving the measures. The cognitive interviews produced results that were compatible with statistical analysis of the measures.. Cognitive interviewing was beneficial for testing the validity and acceptability of new Ab-IAP measures. The results demonstrates that the Ab-IAP, in addition to being theoretically-based and having good psychometric properties, elicits appropriate responses.
authors: Department of Community Based Medicine and Clinical Science at North Bristol, University of Bristol, UK. j.horwood@bristol.ac.uk
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Horwood
authors: Beth
authors: B
authors: Pollard
authors: Salma
authors: S
authors: Ayis
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: McIlvenna
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019336:Cognitive Science / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results