title: Genome instability due to ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA.
abstract: Maintaining the chemical identity of DNA depends on ribonucleotide exclusion by DNA polymerases. However, ribonucleotide exclusion during DNA synthesis in vitro is imperfect. To determine whether ribonucleotides are incorporated during DNA replication in vivo, we substituted leucine or glycine for an active-site methionine in yeast DNA polymerase ϵ (Pol ϵ). Ribonucleotide incorporation in vitro was three-fold lower for M644L and 11-fold higher for M644G Pol ϵ compared to wild-type Pol ϵ. This hierarchy was recapitulated in vivo in yeast strains lacking RNase H2. Moreover, the pol2-M644G rnh201Δ strain progressed more slowly through S phase, had elevated dNTP pools and generated 2-5-base-pair deletions in repetitive sequences at a high rate and in a gene orientation-dependent manner. The data indicate that ribonucleotides are incorporated during replication in vivo, that they are removed by RNase H2-dependent repair and that defective repair results in replicative stress and genome instability via DNA strand misalignment.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Stephanie A
authors: SA
authors: Nick McElhinny
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Kumar
authors: Alan B
authors: AB
authors: Clark
authors: Danielle L
authors: DL
authors: Watt
authors: Brian E
authors: BE
authors: Watts
authors: Else-Britt
authors: EB
authors: Lundström
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Johansson
authors: Andrei
authors: A
authors: Chabes
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Kunkel
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004261:DNA Replication; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D042822:Genomic Instability; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D013698:Templates, Genetic
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C091139:ribonuclease HII; D016914:Ribonuclease H