title: Detection of radiation-induced lung injury in non-small cell lung cancer patients using hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging ((3)He-MRI) acquired from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before and after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In an Ethics Committee-approved prospective study, five patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC gave written informed consent to undergo computed tomography (CT) and (3)He-MR ventilation imaging 1 week prior to and 3 months after radiotherapy. Images were registered to pre-treatment CT using anatomical landmark-based rigid registration to enable comparison. Emphysema was graded from examination of the CT. MRI-defined ventilation was calculated as the intersection of (3)He-MRI and CT lung volume as a percentage of the CT lung volume for the whole lung and regions of CT-defined pneumonitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On pre-treatment images, there was a significant correlation between the degree of CT-defined emphysema and (3)He-MRI whole lung ventilation (Spearman's rho=0.90, p=0.04). After radiation therapy, pneumonitis was evident on CT for 3/5 patients. For these cases, (3)He-MRI ventilation was significantly reduced within the regions of pneumonitis (pre: 94.1±2.2%, post: 73.7±4.7%; matched pairs Student's t-test, p=0.02, mean difference=20.4%, 95% confidence interval 6.3-34.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrates the feasibility of detecting ventilation changes between pre- and post-treatment using hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI for patients with NSCLC. Pre-treatment, the degree of emphysema and (3)He-MRI ventilation were correlated. For three cases of radiation pneumonitis, (3)He-MRI ventilation changes between pre- and post-treatment imaging were consistent with CT evidence of radiation-induced lung injury.
authors: Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK. r.ireland@sheffield.ac.uk
authors: Rob H
authors: RH
authors: Ireland
authors: Omar S
authors: OS
authors: Din
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Swinscoe
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Woodhouse
authors: Edwin J R
authors: EJ
authors: van Beek
authors: Jim M
authors: JM
authors: Wild
authors: Matthew Q
authors: MQ
authors: Hatton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D006371:Helium