title: Guided cardiopoiesis enhances therapeutic benefit of bone marrow human mesenchymal stem cells in chronic myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to guide bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into a cardiac progenitor phenotype and assess therapeutic benefit in chronic myocardial infarction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Adult stem cells, delivered in their naïve state, demonstrate a limited benefit in patients with ischemic heart disease. Pre-emptive lineage pre-specification may optimize therapeutic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  hMSC were harvested from a coronary artery disease patient cohort. A recombinant cocktail consisting of transforming growth factor-beta(1), bone morphogenetic protein-4, activin A, retinoic acid, insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor-2, alpha-thrombin, and interleukin-6 was formulated to engage hMSC into cardiopoiesis. Derived hMSC were injected into the myocardium of a nude infarcted murine model and followed over 1 year for functional and structural end points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the majority of patient-derived hMSC in their native state demonstrated limited effect on ejection fraction, stem cells from rare individuals harbored a spontaneous capacity to improve contractile performance. This reparative cytotype was characterized by high expression of homeobox transcription factor Nkx-2.5, T-box transcription factor TBX5, helix-loop-helix transcription factor MESP1, and myocyte enhancer factor MEF2C, markers of cardiopoiesis. Recombinant cardiogenic cocktail guidance secured the cardiopoietic phenotype across the patient cohort. Compared with unguided counterparts, cardiopoietic hMSC delivered into infarcted myocardium achieved superior functional and structural benefit without adverse side effects. Engraftment into murine hearts was associated with increased human-specific nuclear, sarcomeric, and gap junction content along with induction of myocardial cell cycle activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guided cardiopoiesis thus enhances the therapeutic benefit of bone marrow-derived hMSC in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors: Atta
authors: A
authors: Behfar
authors: Satsuki
authors: S
authors: Yamada
authors: Ruben
authors: R
authors: Crespo-Diaz
authors: Jonathan J
authors: JJ
authors: Nesbitt
authors: Lois A
authors: LA
authors: Rowe
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Perez-Terzic
authors: Vinciane
authors: V
authors: Gaussin
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Homsy
authors: Jozef
authors: J
authors: Bartunek
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Terzic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000502:physiology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578040:MEF2C protein, human; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; C095552:NKX2-5 protein, human; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C103172:T-box transcription factor 5; D014157:Transcription Factors