title: Is retroperitoneoscopy the gold standard for endoscopic nephrectomy in children on peritoneal dialysis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The literature on minimally invasive nephrectomy in adults and children on peritoneal dialysis is sparse. Case reports suggest that the transperitoneal approach is effective. We present our experience with retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy in children on peritoneal dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 11 consecutive retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomies a total of 14 kidneys were removed from 10 children with a mean age of 12 years. We used a 3-port lateral retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy technique with active trainee participation. Preoperative and postoperative biochemistry results within 3 months of surgery were compared with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three bilateral synchronous, 1 bilateral staged and 6 unilateral retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomies were done. Mean operative time was 174 minutes for unilateral and 458 minutes for bilateral nephrectomy, including 1 simultaneous peritoneal dialysis insertion and 1 umbilical hernia repair. No open conversion, blood transfusion or postoperative surgical complication was noted. Peritoneal dialysis was initiated at a median of 9 hours postoperatively and dialysate volume was titrated to target within a median of 60 hours. One patient with a small peritoneotomy needed temporary hemodialysis despite intraoperative airtight repair. After surgery median serum albumin increased from 30.0 to 34.3 gm/l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for end stage renal disease is a safe, effective technique that preserves peritoneal integrity in children who require immediate postoperative peritoneal dialysis. Avoiding post-nephrectomy hemodialysis decreases patient morbidity, preserving vessels for future vascular access. Compared to the literature on laparoscopy in this setting, retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy can be considered the ideal approach for minimally invasive nephrectomy in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
authors: Division of Urology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Konrad M
authors: KM
authors: Szymanski
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Bitzan
authors: John-Paul
authors: JP
authors: Capolicchio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies