title: Hypoxia increases HIF-1α expression and constitutive cytokine release by primary human acute myeloid leukaemia cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low oxygen tension is able to modulate the expression of several genes involved in physiological and pathological processes. A major regulator of gene expression is the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which also regulates angiogenesis-related genes, including the protein expression of angioregulatory cytokines. Angiogenesis has been shown to play a role in haematological disorders, and low oxygen tension might thereby influence leukaemogenesis and chemosensitivity in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of a hypoxic environment (1% O(2)) on in vitro-cultured, primary human AML cells with regard to HIF-1α expression, colony formation and cytokine release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study demonstrated that hypoxic culture conditions increased HIF-1α expression in primary AML cells for a majority of the investigated patients when compared to culture at atmospheric (21%) oxygen tension. Hypoxia also increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin, as well as several CCL- (CCL3/4/5/7/8) and CXCL-chemokines (CXCL1 and proangiogenic CXCL8) by AML cells. The constitutive release of antiangiogenic CXCL9-11 was not altered by the low oxygen tension. The wide variation between patients as regards the release of the various cytokines persisted during hypoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture of primary AML cells under low oxygen tension induces HIF-1α expression and increases the release of several cytokines, including proangiogenic mediators, compared to culture at ambient 21% O(2).
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Kimberley Joanne
authors: KJ
authors: Hatfield
authors: Siv Lise
authors: SL
authors: Bedringsaas
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Ryningen
authors: Bjørn Tore
authors: BT
authors: Gjertsen
authors: Oystein
authors: O
authors: Bruserud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016207:Cytokines; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D014212:Tretinoin