title: Cutting edge: proteolytic inactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 by the Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 inflammasomes.
abstract: Caspase-mediated cleavage of the DNA damage sensor poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a hallmark of apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether PARP1 is processed during pyroptosis, a specialized cell-death program that occurs upon activation of caspase-1 in inflammasome complexes. In this article, we show that activation of the Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 inflammasomes induces processing of full-length PARP1 into a fragment of 89 kDa in a stimulus-dependent manner. Macrophages deficient for caspase-1 and those lacking the inflammasome adaptors Nlrp3, Nlrc4, and ASC were highly resistant to cleavage, whereas macrophages lacking the downstream inflammasome effector caspase-7 were partially protected. A modest, but statistically significant, reduction in Nlrp3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis was observed in PARP1 knockout macrophages. Thus, protease-mediated inactivation of PARP1 is a shared feature of apoptotic, necrotic, and pyroptotic cells.
authors: Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
authors: R K Subbarao
authors: RK
authors: Malireddi
authors: Sirish
authors: S
authors: Ippagunta
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Lamkanfi
authors: Thirumala-Devi
authors: TD
authors: Kanneganti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000276:immunology; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C512299:Ipaf protein, mouse; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C492716:Nlrp3 protein, mouse; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505524:Casp7 protein, mouse; D053179:Caspase 7; D020170:Caspase 1