title: Thyroid toxicity after radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze retrospectively the risk factors for occurrence of thyroid toxicity after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer and to demonstrate the necessity of a long-term post-therapeutic screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1993 and 2004, 239 patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by conventional radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered by a standard fractionation (2 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions/week) for 157 patients and hyperfractionation (1.6 Gy/fraction, 2 fractions/day, 5 days/week) for 82 patients. An evaluation of thyroid late toxicity was performed according to tumor stage, age, gender, time after treatment, irradiation method and association or not with chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow up of 111 months, 72 patients (30%) had primitive and/or pituitary thyroid dysfunction. Fifty-seven patients (24%) experienced hypothyroidism, peripheral in 92% of cases (biological 73%, clinical 19%) and central in 8% of cases. Hypothyroidism was detected at a mean 37 months follow up. All patients received replacement treatment with l-thyroxin. The actuarial rate of hypothyroidism was 18.1%, 24.3% and 35% at respectively 3, 5 and 10 years. Only female gender was found as a risk factor for occurrence of hypothyroidism in univariate analysis. However, younger age and advanced tumor stage were associated with a higher risk but the difference was not significant (P = 0.08 for each). There was no difference for other factors: nodal stage, modality of radiation and chemotherapy treatment. The multivariate analysis did not show any risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid dysfunction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is frequent and requires systematic screening to begin adequate treatment earlier. Only gender has been identified as risk factor in univariate analysis in this study.
authors: Service de radiothérapie carcinologique, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia. wicemsiala@yahoo.fr
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Siala
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Mnejja
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Abid
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ghorbel
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Frikha
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Daoud
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013958:Thyroid Crisis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015251:Epirubicin; D002945:Cisplatin