title: Use of adult criteria for slice imaging may limit unnecessary radiation exposure in children presenting with hematuria and blunt abdominal trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether it would be safe to use adult criteria for imaging in pediatric blunt renal trauma and hematuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1999 to 2007, 46 consecutive children were admitted for renal trauma and hematuria. All had abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Patients were divided into 2 groups: microhematuria and macrohematuria. Outcomes analyzed were presence of renal injury per CT, grade of renal injury, and indication for and details of surgical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients (59%) had microhematuria. Nineteen (41%) had macrohematuria. On abdominal CT scan, no injury was found in 18 patients with microhematuria (67%) and 3 (16%) with macrohematuria. Two microhematuria patients required surgical intervention. In both cases, no actual renal intervention was performed during surgery. Three macrohematuria patients required surgical intervention; all had renal relevant procedures. The performance of the macro-microhematuria distinction in the prediction of renal injury on CT scan is relatively poor: sensitivity 59%, specificity 14%, positive predictive value (PPV) 84%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 62%, whereas the performance of macrohematuria criteria in the prediction of renal-relevant injury is sensitivity 100%, specificity 61%, PPV 18%, and NPV 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yield of abdominal CT in pediatric renal trauma is low in patients presenting with microhematuria. Our data suggest that it may be possible that adult criteria for renal imaging are sufficient for children with abdominal blunt trauma and microhematuria. Adopting such strategy will result in substantial reduction in exposure to radiation, supposedly without increasing the patient's risk.
authors: Department of Urology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
authors: Orit
authors: O
authors: Raz
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Haifler
authors: Laurian
authors: L
authors: Copel
authors: Erez
authors: E
authors: Lang
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Abu-Kishk
authors: Gideon
authors: G
authors: Eshel
authors: Baruch
authors: B
authors: Klin
authors: Arie
authors: A
authors: Lindner
authors: Amnon
authors: A
authors: Zisman
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*