title: Risk and learning in impulsive and nonimpulsive patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Relatively little is known about the interaction between behavioral changes, medication, and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined working memory, learning and risk aversion in PD patients with and without impulsive or compulsive behavior (ICB) and compared the results with those in a group of age-matched control subjects. Parkinson patients with PD+ICB had poorer working memory performance than either controls or PD patients without ICB. PD+ICB patients also showed decreased learning from negative feedback and increased learning from positive feedback in off compared with on dopaminergic medication. This interaction between medication status and learning was the opposite of that found in the PD patients without a diagnosis of ICB. Finally, the PD group showed increased risk preference on medication relative to controls, and the subgroup of PD+ICB patients with pathological gambling were overall more risk prone than the PD group. Thus, medication status and an impulsive behavioral diagnosis differentially affect several behaviors in PD.
authors: Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors: Atbin
authors: A
authors: Djamshidian
authors: Ashwani
authors: A
authors: Jha
authors: Sean S
authors: SS
authors: O'Sullivan
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Silveira-Moriyama
authors: Clare
authors: C
authors: Jacobson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Brown
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Lees
authors: Bruno B
authors: BB
authors: Averbeck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors