Pigment epithelium-derived factor is an intrinsic antifibrosis factor targeting hepatic stellate cells.
The liver is the major site of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) synthesis. Recent evidence suggests a protective role of PEDF in liver cirrhosis. In the present study, immunohistochemical analyses revealed lower PEDF levels in liver tissues of patients with cirrhosis and in animals with chemically induced liver fibrosis. Delivery of the PEDF gene into liver cells produced local PEDF synthesis and ameliorated liver fibrosis in animals treated with either carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide. In addition, suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression, as well as nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B was found in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from fibrotic livers, and both changes were reversed by PEDF gene delivery. In culture-activated HSCs, PEDF, through the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, reduced the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and prevented the nuclear localization of JunD. In conclusion, our observations that PEDF levels are reduced during liver cirrhosis and that PEDF gene delivery ameliorates cirrhosis suggest that PEDF is an intrinsic protector against liver cirrhosis. Direct inactivation of HSCs and the induction of apoptosis of activated HSCs may be two of the mechanisms by which PEDF suppresses liver cirrhosis.
Ho
Tsung-Chuan
TC
Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chen
Show-Li
SL
Shih
Shou-Chuan
SC
Wu
Ju-Yun
JY
Han
Wen-Hua
WH
Cheng
Huey-Chuan
HC
Yang
Su-Lin
SL
Tsao
Yeou-Ping
YP
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007437:Intrinsic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013853:Thioacetamide / Q000633:toxicity; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D005136:Eye Proteins; D007437:Intrinsic Factor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015843:Serpins; D013853:Thioacetamide; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor