title: Characterization of main cytokine sources from the innate and adaptive immune responses following primary 17DD yellow fever vaccination in adults.
abstract: The mechanisms of immune response following yellow fever (YF-17DD) vaccination are still poorly understood. In this study, we have performed a longitudinal investigation (days 0, 7, 15 and 30) to characterize the cytokine profile of innate and adaptive immunity following YF-17DD first-time vaccination. Data from non-stimulated cultures demonstrated a prominent participation of the innate immunity with increased frequency of TNF-α(+) neutrophils and IFN-γ(+) NK-cells at day 7 besides TNF-α(+) monocytes at day 7, day 15 and day 30. Increased frequency of IL-10(+) monocytes was observed at day 15 and day 30, and decreased percentage of IL-4(+) NK-cells were detected at day 7, day 15 and day 30. Time-dependent and oscillating cytokine pattern was observed in CD4(+) T-cells, with low percentage of IL-12(+), IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) cells at day 7 and increased frequency of TNF-α(+) cells at day 15 besides IFN-γ(+) and IL-5(+) cells at day 15 and day 30. Later changes with increased percentage of IL-12(+) and IL-5(+)CD8(+) T-cells were observed at day 30. Increased frequency of IL-10(+) B-cells was observed at day 15, when seroconversion was detected in all vaccinees. The overall cytokine analysis of non-stimulated leukocytes showed a transient shift towards a pro-inflammatory profile at day 7, mainly due to changes in the innate immunity, which draws back toward a mixed/regulatory pattern at day 15 and day 30. The changes induced by the in vitro YF-17DD vaccine-stimulation were mainly observed at day 0 and day 7 (before seroconversion) with minor changes at day 15 and day 30 (after seroconversion). These data support the hypothesis that a complex network with mixed pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine profile is associated with the establishment of the protective immunity following YF-17DD primo-vaccination, free of adverse events.
authors: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil.
authors: Maria Luiza
authors: ML
authors: Silva
authors: Marina Angela
authors: MA
authors: Martins
authors: Luçandra Ramos
authors: LR
authors: Espírito-Santo
authors: Ana Carolina
authors: AC
authors: Campi-Azevedo
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Silveira-Lemos
authors: José Geraldo Leite
authors: JG
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Homma
authors: Erna Geessien
authors: EG
authors: Kroon
authors: Andréa
authors: A
authors: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors: Silvana Maria
authors: SM
authors: Elói-Santos
authors: Olindo Assis
authors: OA
authors: Martins-Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine