title: Relationship between blood glucose and carotid intima media thickness: A meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased coronary intima media thickness (CIMT) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, as have increased glucose levels. The link has not been established between glucose and CIMT; therefore, we sought to assess the relationship between glucose and CIMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception through 2009 for original research reporting both postprandial glucose levels and CIMT measurements. Glucose was classified as normal, impaired, or diabetic. Outputs included inverse variance weighted effect size and also average correlation (using the Wang and Bushman approach). Data were combined using a random effects meta-analytic model. Heterogeneity as assessed using chi(2) and I(2); bias was examined using Egger plots and Begg-Mazumdar tau. Polynomial functions (i.e., linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic) were fit to the data and the Akaike Information Criteria were used to select the optimal model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 172 papers; 161 were rejected (19 inappropriate design, 8 had selected patients, 101 inappropriate outcomes) leaving 11 accepted. We used data from 15,592 patients (8250 normals, 3013 impaired glucose, 4329 diabetics). There was no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias. The overall correlation was 0.082 (CI95%:0.066-0.098); the overall effect size was 0.294 (0.245-0.343) between diabetics and normals and 0.137 (0.072-0.202) between normals and those with impaired glucose. The equation of best fit was linear (CIMT = 0.828 + 0.009*glucose).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a small but significant relationship between postprandial glucose levels and CIMT, which have both been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
authors: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. t.einarson@utoronto.ca
authors: Thomas R
authors: TR
authors: Einarson
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Hunchuck
authors: Michiel
authors: M
authors: Hemels
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose