Pharmacologic therapy for non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: focus on antithrombotic therapy.
Antithrombotic therapy constitutes the basis of the management of acute coronary syndromes. It combines antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. Antiplatelet agents should combine aspirin and agents acting through the ADP pathway such as clopidogrel; newer antiplatelet agents such as prasugrel or ticagrelor have superior anti-ischemic efficacy, compared with clopidogrel. Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors may be used in selected patients at high risk undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Unfractionated heparin constitutes the reference anticoagulant treatment. Enoxaparin provides slightly better anti-ischemic efficacy. Newer agents, such as bivalirudin or fondaparinux, reduce bleeding complications, with no improvement in anti-ischemic efficacy. The combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents should be chosen according to the patients' characteristics and the management strategy of the acute coronary syndrome.
Danchin
Nicolas
N
Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, Université de Paris René Descartes, Paris, France. nicolas.danchin@egp.aphp.fr
Aïssaoui
Nadia
N
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D019468:Disease Management; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010879:Piperazines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013876:Thiophenes; D006493:Heparin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D000241:Adenosine; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin; C074619:bivalirudin