title: Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in obese Asian Indians in northern India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing in developing countries. Whether the metabolic syndrome is independently associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the association between OSA and the metabolic syndrome in obese Asian Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 240 obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2], 121 with OSA and 119 without OSA, matched for age, BMI, and percentage body fat (%BF). Full-montage digital polysomnography, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid levels, and blood pressure (BP) were done in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with OSA showed higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as compared to subjects without OSA [67.8% vs. 42.02%; χ2 = 16.08, P < 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the severe OSA group as compared to the moderate OSA group (78.7% vs. 40.9%; χ2 = 11.57; P < 0.001; OR = 0.19, 95% CI). Fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in subjects with OSA as compared to subjects without OSA [median (range); 84.03(12.5-541.7) pmol/L vs. 64.4(10.4-520.8) pmol/L; P = 0.002)]. Regression analysis suggested that OSA was independently and positively associated with the metabolic syndrome, male gender, and fasting insulin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians in northern India.
authors: Department of Surgery and Otolaryngology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: Bharat
authors: B
authors: Bhushan
authors: Anoop
authors: A
authors: Misra
authors: Randeep
authors: R
authors: Guleria
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose