title: Intraoperative modification of Pitanguy technique of reduction mammaplasty for elevation of the nipple-areola complex in case of severe breast ptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty has been shown to be an anatomically safe technique in the management of the ptotic breast. However, the technique, as first described, cannot be applied in gigantomastia or severe breast ptosis cases or cases of dense parenchyma of the breast. The senior surgeon suggested an intraoperative modification of the Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty to make it applicable for such cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of 122 patients with severe breast ptosis (70), gigantomastia (45), or dense breast parenchyma (7) who underwent a modification of the Pitanguy method was performed. The current procedure involves all the operating steps of the superior pedicle technique as described by Pitanguy, from the marking technique to the keel resection of the breast. If the nipple-areola complex is elevated inadequately, the surgeon can use the senior surgeon's modification to elevate the complex to the desired height. This modification consists of dissecting the upper pole of the breast vertically to the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle and laterally to the nipple-areola complex. The medial flap is then advanced superiorly, rotated 90°, and sutured to point A, while the lateral flap is placed below the medial one. This maneuver maximizes elevation of the nipple-areola complex to the desired height.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean change in nipple position was 14 cm (range = 10-16 cm). The mean weight reduction of each breast was 900 g (range = 700-1300 g). The follow-up included 119 patients and the follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years (mean follow-up = 2 years). Three patients were operated on less than 3 months ago and were not involved in this study. All patients gained natural shaped breasts and they were pleased with the results. Serious complications, including flap necrosis, were avoided since caution was used to preserve the internal mammary perforators while performing this method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique provides a versatile, well-vascularized pedicle that allows elevation of the nipple-areola complex at the desired height in cases of severe breast ptosis, gigantomastia, or dense breast parenchyma.
authors: Iaso Hospital, Athens, Greece. foustand@otenet.gr
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Foustanos
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Panagiotopoulos
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Skouras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome