Induction of inflammatory reactions by lipopolysaccharide in hamster sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous units in vivo and in vitro.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria has been reported to exert inflammatory reactions in epidermis, dermis, and sebaceous glands. Here, we demonstrated that the intradermal administration of Escherichia coli-derived LPS, three times a week for 4 weeks, to hamster auricle skin did not influence sebaceous morphology or sebum accumulation in sebaceous glands but in fact induced epidermal thickness. In addition, the administration of LPS, once a day for 2 days, augmented the production of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in sebaceous glands. Furthermore, LPS increased the production of prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α) ) in hamster sebocytes. Moreover, the production of progelatinase A/promatrix metalloproteinase 2 (proMMP-2) was transcriptionally augmented by LPS and PGF(2α) in hamster sebocytes. Therefore, these results suggest that LPS directly increases inflammation by augmenting COX-2, PGF(2α) , and the PGF(2α) -mediated proMMP-2 production in sebaceous glands as well as epidermal inflammatory events in skin disorders including acne and folliculitis.
Iinuma
Katsuhiro
K
Sato
Takashi
T
Akimoto
Noriko
N
Kurihara
Hirokazu
H
Ito
Akira
A
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012629:Sebum / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D015237:Dinoprost; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D007213:Indomethacin