Update on congenital nephrotic syndromes and the contribution of US.
The clinical classification of nephrotic syndrome (NS) is based on age at presentation. However, this classification is arbitrary because the majority of early onset NS has a genetic origin and has a widespread age of onset (from fetal life to several years). The aims of this review are to illustrate the knowledge accumulated on congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) in terms of genetics, classification, findings at histology and US-based on a review of the literature.
Avni
E Fred
EF
Department of Medical Imaging, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. favni@ulb.ac.be
Vandenhoute
Kate
K
Devriendt
Arnaud
A
Ismaili
Khalid
K
Hackx
Maxime
M
Janssen
Francoise
F
Hall
Michelle
M
D006801:Humans; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States