title: Morphological and functional changes in the colon after massive small bowel resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anecdotal evidence suggests that the colon plays an important role after small bowel resection (SBR). However, colonic changes have not previously been studied. The aim of this study was to characterize morphological and functional changes within the colon after SBR and elucidate the influence of diet complexity on adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In study 1, 4-week-old piglets underwent a 75% SBR or sham operation and were studied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperation to allow analysis of early and late adaptation responses. Piglets received a polymeric infant formula (PIF). In study 2, SBR piglets received an elemental diet and were studied at 6 weeks postoperation and compared with SBR + PIF piglets from study 1. For both studies, immunohistochemistry was used to quantitate intestinal cell types. Changes in functional proteins were measured by Western blot, enteroendocrine/peptide YY (PYY), enterocyte/liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), and goblet cells/trefoil factor 3 (TFF3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study 1, early and late adaptation-related changes were observed after SBR. Early adaptation included increased numbers of enterocytes (P = .0001), whereas late adaptation included increased proliferative cell numbers (P = .02). Enteroendocrine, goblet, and apoptotic cells numbers were significantly elevated in the resected group at all time-points studied (P < .05). Functional changes included increased levels of L-FABP (P = .04) and PYY (P = .03). There was no change in TFF3 expression. In study 2, feeding with an elemental diet resulted in suboptimal adaptation as evidenced by reduced rate of weight gain and significant reductions in total cell numbers (P = .0001), proliferative (P = .0001) and apoptotic cells (P = .04), enteroendocrine cells (P = .001), and PYY expression (P .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that significant morphological and functional changes occur in the colon after massive SBR and that these occur as early and late adaptation responses. Elemental diet was associated with suboptimal adaptation suggesting an effect of diet complexity on colonic adaptation.
authors: Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Kate L
authors: KL
authors: Healey
authors: Julie E
authors: JE
authors: Bines
authors: Sarah L
authors: SL
authors: Thomas
authors: Guineva
authors: G
authors: Wilson
authors: Russell G
authors: RG
authors: Taylor
authors: Magdy
authors: M
authors: Sourial
authors: Prue M
authors: PM
authors: Pereira-Fantini
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019858:Enteroendocrine Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005526:Food, Formulated; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019894:Peptide YY