title: Prevention of the progression of adjuvant induced arthritis by oral supplementation of Indian fresh water mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) aqueous extract in experimental rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mussel is well accepted as food all over India. Beside for its nutritive value, people residing in Kosi river basin, Bihar, India, consume a preparation of soup, made from the footpad of molluscan species, with the belief that it gives relief from signs and symptoms of joint pain and related problems. This study was designed to explore the preventive activity of Indian fresh water mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) aqueous extract oral supplementation in experimental arthritis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arthritis was induced in male albino rats by intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant in right hind footpad. Lamellidens marginalis extract (LME1, 500 mg/kg/day and LME2, 1 g/kg/day) peroral supplementation started from the 1st day after adjuvant injection and was continued for the subsequent 13 days. Severity of arthritis was evaluated from paw diameter, ankle diameter, paw weight, urinary hydroxyproline, glucosamine level, serum interleukin-1β, IL6, IL10, CINC1, TNFα level, lysosomal enzyme levels and from histopathological assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lamellidens marginalis extract supplementation significantly (p<0.05) decreased paw diameter, ankle diameter, and paw weight in treated groups (LME1, 500 mg/kg/day and LME2, 1 g/kg/day) as compared with arthritic group. Urinary hydroxyproline, glucosamine level, serum IL1β, IL6, CINC1, TNFα, IL10 and lysosomal enzyme levels were restored significantly (p<0.05) in treated groups (LME1, 500 mg/kg/day and LME2, 1 g/kg/day) as compared to arthritic group. Synovial membrane damage and neutrophil infiltration in histopathological examination was restored significantly by LME supplementation as compared to arthritic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, it might be concluded that experimental animals supplemented with Lamellidens marginalis extract were protected against the severity of disease progression in adjuvant induced arthritis.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
authors: Mousumi
authors: M
authors: Chakraborty
authors: Sourav
authors: S
authors: Bhattacharya
authors: Pushpak
authors: P
authors: Bhattacharjee
authors: Rinku
authors: R
authors: Das
authors: Roshnara
authors: R
authors: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005618:Fresh Water; D007194:India; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D049876:Unionidae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014020:Tissue Extracts