title: Effect of injection site on in situ implant formation and drug release in vivo.
abstract: In situ forming drug delivery implants offer an attractive alternative to pre-formed implant devices for local drug delivery due to their ability to deliver fragile drugs, simple manufacturing process, and less invasive placement. However, the clinical translation of these systems has been hampered, in part, by poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles. To better understand this effect, the behavior of poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) in situ forming implants was examined in vitro and in vivo after subcutaneous injection as well as injection into necrotic, non-necrotic, and ablated tumor. Implant formation was quantified noninvasively using an ultrasound imaging technique. Drug release of a model drug agent, fluorescein, was correlated with phase inversion in different environments. Results demonstrated that burst drug release in vivo was greater than in vitro for all implant formulations. Drug release from implants in varying in vivo environments was fastest in ablated tumor followed by implants in non-necrotic tumor, in subcutaneous tissue, and finally in necrotic tumor tissue with 50% of the loading drug mass released in 0.7, 0.9, 9.7, and 12.7h respectively. Implants in stiffer ablated and non-necrotic tumor tissue showed much faster drug release than implants in more compliant subcutaneous and necrotic tumor environments. Finally, implant formation examined using ultrasound confirmed that in vivo the process of precipitation (phase inversion) was directly proportional to drug release. These findings suggest that not only is drug release dependent on implant formation but that external environmental effects, such as tissue mechanical properties, may explain the differences seen between in vivo and in vitro drug release from in situ forming implants.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ravi.patel@case.edu
authors: Ravi B
authors: RB
authors: Patel
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Solorio
authors: Hanping
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Tianyi
authors: T
authors: Krupka
authors: Agata A
authors: AA
authors: Exner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004343:Drug Implants; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009336:Necrosis; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004343:Drug Implants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019793:Fluorescein