title: Histological grading of breast cancer on needle core biopsy: the role of immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Histological grade assessed on needle core biopsy (NCB) moderately concurs with the grade in the surgical excision specimen (SES) (kappa-values between 0.35 and 0.65). A major cause of the discrepancy is underestimation of mitoses in the NCB specimen. The aim was to determine the best method of assessing proliferation on NCB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proliferative activity of 101 invasive carcinomas of the breast on NCB and SES was assessed using mitotic counts on routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections and immunohistochemical markers Mib-1 and phosphorylated histone H3 (PPH3). H&E mitotic count in SES was considered as the gold standard. H&E mitotic count was found to be underestimated on NCB when compared with that in SES (P < 0.001), but no significant difference was detected between NCB and SES regarding Mib-1 (P = 0.13) or PPH3 (P = 0.073). Using receiver-operating characteristic curve, Mib-1 on NCB was found to agree with the gold standard significantly better than routine H&E on NCB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical markers in NCB showed better concordance with H&E mitotic count in SES (gold standard) than routine H&E mitotic count in NCB. Further refinement of cut-offs and scoring methods is needed.
authors: Department of Pathology and School Molecular Medical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, UK.
authors: T'ng Chang
authors: TC
authors: Kwok
authors: Emad A
authors: EA
authors: Rakha
authors: Andrew H S
authors: AH
authors: Lee
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Grainge
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Green
authors: Ian O
authors: IO
authors: Ellis
authors: Desmond G
authors: DG
authors: Powe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index / Q000379:methods*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006657:Histones; C513496:MIB1 ligase, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases