Use of nonobese diabetic mice to understand human type 1 diabetes.
In 1922, Leonard Thompson received the first injections of insulin prepared from the pancreas of canine test subjects. From pancreatectomized dogs to the more recent development of animal models that spontaneously develop autoimmune syndromes, animal models have played a meaningful role in furthering diabetes research. Of these animals, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is the most widely used for research in type 1 diabetes (T1D) because the NOD shares several genetic and immunologic traits with the human form of the disease. In this article, the authors discuss the similarities and differences in NOD and human T1D and the potential role of NOD mice in future preclinical studies, aiming to provide a better understanding of the genetic and immune defects that lead to T1D.
Thayer
Terri C
TC
Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Wilson
S Brian
SB
Mathews
Clayton E
CE
D000818:Animals; D032882:Comprehension; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology