Visible-light-induced bactericidal activity of titanium dioxide codoped with nitrogen and silver.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles codoped with nitrogen and silver (Ag(2)O/TiON) were synthesized by the sol-gel process and found to be an effective visible light driven photocatalyst. The catalyst showed strong bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction characterization of the samples, the as-added Ag species mainly exist as Ag(2)O. Spin trapping EPR study showed Ag addition greatly enhanced the production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that the Ag(2)O species trapped e(CB)(-) in the process of Ag(2)O/TiON photocatalytic reaction, thus inhibiting the recombination of e(CB)(-) and h(VB)(+) in agreement with the stronger photocatalytic bactericidal activity of Ag(2)O/TiON. The killing mechanism of Ag(2)O/TiON under visible light irradiation is shown to be related to oxidative damages in the forms of cell wall thinning and cell disconfiguration.
Wu
Pinggui
P
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Xie
Rongcai
R
Imlay
Kari
K
Shang
Jian Ku
JK
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002384:Catalysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004203:Disinfection; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D019097:Spin Trapping; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010087:Oxides; D018030:Silver Compounds; C009495:titanium dioxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D012834:Silver; C040225:disilver oxide; D014025:Titanium; D009584:Nitrogen