title: Clinical outcomes of intensity-modulated pelvic radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate disease outcomes and toxicity in cervical cancer patients treated with pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all patients with Stage I-IVA cervical carcinoma treated with IMRT at three different institutions from 2000-2007. Patients treated with extended field or conventional techniques were excluded. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans were designed to deliver 45 Gy in 1.8-Gy daily fractions to the planning target volume while minimizing dose to the bowel, bladder, and rectum. Toxicity was graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group system. Overall survival and disease-free survival were estimated by use of the Kaplan-Meier method. Pelvic failure, distant failure, and late toxicity were estimated by use of cumulative incidence functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 111 patients. Of these, 22 were treated with postoperative IMRT, 8 with IMRT followed by intracavitary brachytherapy and adjuvant hysterectomy, and 81 with IMRT followed by planned intracavitary brachytherapy. Of the patients, 63 had Stage I-IIA disease and 48 had Stage IIB-IVA disease. The median follow-up time was 27 months. The 3-year overall survival rate and the disease-free survival rate were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68-88%) and 69% (95% CI, 59-81%), respectively. The 3-year pelvic failure rate and the distant failure rate were 14% (95% CI, 6-22%) and 17% (95% CI, 8-25%), respectively. Estimates of acute and late Grade 3 toxicity or higher were 2% (95% CI, 0-7%) and 7% (95% CI, 2-13%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensity-modulated radiation therapy is associated with low toxicity and favorable outcomes, supporting its safety and efficacy for cervical cancer. Prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of IMRT vs. conventional techniques.
authors: Departments of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Hasselle
authors: Brent S
authors: BS
authors: Rose
authors: Joel D
authors: JD
authors: Kochanski
authors: Sameer K
authors: SK
authors: Nath
authors: Rounak
authors: R
authors: Bafana
authors: Catheryn M
authors: CM
authors: Yashar
authors: Yasmin
authors: Y
authors: Hasan
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Roeske
authors: Arno J
authors: AJ
authors: Mundt
authors: Loren K
authors: LK
authors: Mell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014747:Vinblastine; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin; D000077235:Vinorelbine; D005472:Fluorouracil