title: Factors affecting usefulness of triticale grain for bioethanol production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triticale grain could be a useful material for bioethanol production. The aim of this study was to examine how grain cultivar, nitrogen fertilisation level, location and year affect the starch content in triticale grain and which method of starch determination, polarimetric, enzymatic or near-infrared transmission (NIT), gives the best prediction of real bioethanol productivity from triticale grain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the starch content in triticale grain was correlated positively with test weight and 1000-kernel weight but negatively with falling number and protein content. All factors, i.e. cultivar, nitrogen fertilisation level, location and year, as well as the intrinsic interaction between these factors, had a significant effect on the starch level in triticale grain. The NIT procedure of starch determination gave the best results in predicting the real yield of ethanol obtained on the basis of classic fermentation (95% match), while the enzymatic and polarimetric methods corresponded with the real results at levels of 89-90 and 78-82% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grain growth conditions related to location and nitrogen fertilisation level had the most noticeable effect on grain starch content, while grain yield per hectare had the most significant effect on ethanol productivity.
authors: Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland. obuchows@au.poznan.pl
authors: Wiktor
authors: W
authors: Obuchowski
authors: Zofia
authors: Z
authors: Banaszak
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Makowska
authors: Miłosz
authors: M
authors: Łuczak
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D000431:Ethanol; D005308:Fertilizers; D009584:Nitrogen; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005308:Fertilizers; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000431:Ethanol; D013213:Starch; D009584:Nitrogen