title: Increases in B-type natriuretic peptide after acute mental stress in heart failure patients are associated with alcohol consumption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate in heart failure (HF) patients whether acute mental stress induces increases in the HF-severity biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and if alcohol consumption is associated with such stress-induced increases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one male HF patients and 19 male non-HF controls (M = 56 years, SEM = 2) underwent a 15-minute acute mental stress test combining public speaking and mental arithmetic. Plasma levels of BNP were determined immediately before as well as 2 hours after the stress test. Alcohol consumption was assessed by self-reported number of drinks per month and history of use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HF patients had higher BNP levels before and after stress, F(1, 38) = 23.42, p < .001, and showed greater stress-induced increases in BNP levels, F(1, 38) = 4.52, p = .04, compared with controls. HF status (beta = .32, p = .015, deltaR(2) = .10) and higher alcohol consumption ((beta = .61, p< .001, deltaR(2) = .37) were independently associated with higher BNP stress increases. Moreover, higher alcohol consumption moderated the greater BNP stress increases in HF patients but not in controls (p = .49, p < .001, delta(2) = .20), although alcohol consumption did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For individuals with HF, particularly those who drink moderate to more substantial amounts of alcohol, exposure to acute psychological stress leads to increases in circulating levels of BNP, a biomarker which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in HF.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors: Petra H
authors: PH
authors: Wirtz
authors: Laura S
authors: LS
authors: Redwine
authors: Suzi
authors: S
authors: Hong
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Rutledge
authors: Joel E
authors: JE
authors: Dimsdale
authors: Barry H
authors: BH
authors: Greenberg
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Mills
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain