title: Endogenous nitric oxide can act as beneficial or deleterious in the hypoxic lung depending on the reoxygenation time.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in many pathophysiological situations in the lung, including hypoxia/reoxygenation. This work seeks to clarify the current controversy concerning the double protective/toxic role of endogenous NO under hypoxia/reoxygenation situations in the lung by using a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, in a novel approach to address the problems raised from assaults under such circumstances. A follow-up study was conducted in Wistar rats submitted to hypoxia/reoxygenation (hypoxia for 30 min; reoxygenation of 0 h, 48 h, and 5 days), with or without prior treatment using the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1.5 mM, in drinking water). Lipid peroxidation, apoptosis level, protein nitration, in situ NOS activity and NO production (NOx) were analyzed. This is the first work to focus on the time-course effects of L-NAME in the adult rat lung submitted to hypoxia/reoxygenation. The results showed that after L-NAME administration, in situ NOS activity was almost completely eliminated and consequently, NOx levels fell. Lipid peroxidation and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose at the earliest reoxygenation time (0 h), but decreased in the later period (48 h and 5 days). Also nitrated protein expression decreased at 48 h and 5 days posthypoxia. These results suggest that NOS-derived NO exerts two different effects on lung hypoxia/reoxygenation injury depending on the reoxygenation time: NO has a beneficial role just after the hypoxic stimulus and a deleterious effect in the later reoxygenation times. Moreover, we propose that this dual role of NO depends directly on the producer NOS isoform.
authors: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
authors: Alma
authors: A
authors: Rus
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Molina
authors: M Ángeles
authors: MÁ
authors: Peinado
authors: M Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Del Moral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester