Group-delay diagnostic for measuring vapor column density.
We describe a technique for determining Nfl by measuring the group-velocity delay of a probe laser beam propagating through a vapor. This diagnostic has wide dynamic range, is simple to implement, and can be used as a high-bandwidth vapor rate monitor. In addition, it can be used to measure column density, Nl, number density, N, oscillator strengths, f, or absorption cross sections, collisional line broadening, and vapor group-velocity delay.
Crane
J K
JK
Presta
R W
RW
Christensen
J J
JJ
Cooke
J D
JD
Shaw
M J
MJ
Johnson
M A
MA
Paisner
J A
JA