title: p16(INK4A) promoter hypermethylation is associated with invasiveness and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in an age-dependent manner.
abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide that is highly lethal due to its recurrence and metastasis. Our candidate-based study aimed to link promoter CpG island hypermethylation to OSCC risk assessment. We examined the promoter hypermethylation status of p16(INK4A) (p16), glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1), O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), RAS-association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1A), and E-cadherin (CDH1) genes in OSCC tumors. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR analysis showed a significant increase in promoter hypermethylation of p16 and CDH1 in OSCC tumors relative to paired non-tumorous tissues. The mean age of patients with hypermethylated p16 was lesser than those without (P=0.027). Multiple logistic regression predicted patients with hypermethylated p16 have higher risks of lymph node invasion (adjusted OR=6.21, P=0.030) in young patients and distant metastasis (adjusted OR=19.23, P=0.007) in older patients. Moreover, p16 promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with shortened disease-free survival (P=0.034) in older patients. Our results suggested that p16 hypermethylation was associated with early incidence of OSCC, increased lymph node invasion in young patients, and poor prognosis in older patients. Further, p16 hypermethylation may also be implicated in age-related tumor invasion in carcinogenesis.
authors: Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Pei-Fen
authors: PF
authors: Su
authors: Wei-Li
authors: WL
authors: Huang
authors: Ho-Tai
authors: HT
authors: Wu
authors: Cheng-Hsien
authors: CH
authors: Wu
authors: Tsung-Yun
authors: TY
authors: Liu
authors: Shou-Yen
authors: SY
authors: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D005260:Female; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015820:Cadherins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C411762:RASSF1 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; C579096:DAPK1 protein, human; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases