title: The antitumoral depsipeptide IB-01212 kills Leishmania through an apoptosis-like process involving intracellular targets.
abstract: IB-01212, an antitumoral cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the mycelium of the marine fungus  Clonostachys  sp., showed leishmanicidal activity at a low micromolar range of concentrations on promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite. Despite its cationic and amphipathic character, shared with other membrane active antibiotic peptides, IB-01212 did not cause plasma membrane lesions large enough to allow the entrance of the vital dye SYTOX green (MW = 600), even at concentrations causing full lethality of the parasite. Having ruled out massive disruption of the plasma membrane, we surmised the involvement of intracellular targets. Proof of concept for this assumption was provided by the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by IB-01212, which finally caused the death of the parasite through an apoptotic-like process. The size of the cycle, the preservation of the C2 symmetry, and the nature of the bonds linking the two tetrapeptide halves participate in the modulation of the leishmanicidal activity exerted by this compound. Here we discuss the potential of IB-01212 as a lead for new generations of surrogates to be used in chemotherapy treatments against  Leishmania .
authors: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
authors: Juan R
authors: JR
authors: Luque-Ortega
authors: Luis J
authors: LJ
authors: Cruz
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Albericio
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Rivas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D047630:Depsipeptides; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C519452:IB-01212