title: [Critical tidal level for Kandelia candel forestation in strong tidal range area].
abstract: Taking Ximen island of Yueqing bay, the biggest tidal range area among the coasts of China, as study site, an investigation was made on the survival rate, growth characteristics, and attached barnacles of 1- and 3-year-old Kandelia candel seedlings at the elevations 1.96, 1.66, 1.35, and 1.03 m above the zero tidal level of Yellow Sea. Significant differences were observed in the survival rate and growth situation of the seedlings among the elevations. There were two barnacle species, Balanus albicostatus and Balanus amphitrite amphitrite, and B. albicostatus was the major species which attached K. candel most seriously at elevation 1.35 m. The critical tidal level for K. candel in the site was 1.66 m above the zero tidal level, i.e., at least 1.29 m higher than the local mean sea level, and the flooding time per tide cycle being less than 3.65 h. Barnacle, strong tide, and extreme weather event were the main reasons for the higher critical tidal level.
authors: Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, China. qiujb@163.com
authors: Jian-biao
authors: JB
authors: Qiu
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Shao-bo
authors: SB
authors: Chen
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Chi
authors: Wen-yong
authors: WY
authors: Ding
authors: Chao-sheng
authors: CS
authors: Zhou
authors: Chun-fang
authors: CF
authors: Zheng
authors: Wen-qing
authors: WQ
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004190:Disasters / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017753:Ecosystem; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000254:growth & development*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development*; D055871:Tidal Waves