title: CXCR3-dependent accumulation and activation of perivascular macrophages is necessary for homeostatic arterial remodeling to hemodynamic stresses.
abstract: Sustained changes in blood flow modulate the size of conduit arteries through structural alterations of the vessel wall that are dependent on the transient accumulation and activation of perivascular macrophages. The leukocytic infiltrate appears to be confined to the adventitia, is responsible for medial remodeling, and resolves once hemodynamic stresses have normalized without obvious intimal changes. We report that inward remodeling of the mouse common carotid artery after ligation of the ipsilateral external carotid artery is dependent on the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Wild-type myeloid cells restored flow-mediated vascular remodeling in CXCR3-deficient recipients, adventitia-infiltrating macrophages of Gr1(low) resident phenotype expressed CXCR3, the perivascular accumulation of macrophages was dependent on CXCR3 signaling, and the CXCR3 ligand IP-10 was sufficient to recruit monocytes to the adventitia. CXCR3 also contributed to selective features of macrophage activation required for extracellular matrix turnover, such as production of the transglutaminase factor XIII A subunit. Human adventitial macrophages displaying a CD14(+)/CD16(+) resident phenotype, but not circulating monocytes, expressed CXCR3, and such cells were more frequent at sites of disturbed flow. Our observations reveal a CXCR3-dependent accumulation and activation of perivascular macrophages as a necessary step in homeostatic arterial remodeling triggered by hemodynamic stress in mice and possibly in humans as well.
authors: Department of Surgery, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Paul C Y
authors: PC
authors: Tang
authors: Lingfeng
authors: L
authors: Qin
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Gayed
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Eleni A
authors: EA
authors: Skokos
authors: Themis R
authors: TR
authors: Kyriakides
authors: Jordan S
authors: JS
authors: Pober
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Tellides
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; C515188:Cxcr3 protein, mouse; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D013925:Thromboplastin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse