title: Impact of thiazolidinedione safety warnings on medication use patterns and glycemic control among veterans with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2007, safety warnings were publicized regarding the association between thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and cardiovascular risks. This study investigated the impact of the publicized safety warnings on glycemic outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Veterans Integrated Services Network 16 database included 13,293 DM patients using TZDs (n=13,037 rosiglitazone, n=246 pioglitazone, n=10 both) during a baseline period of 03/01/07 to 05/31/07. Three medication use patterns groups (09/01/07 to 11/30/07) were defined as follows: (1) continuation on TZD treatment, (2) switching to other non-TZD treatment, (3) discontinuation of TZD treatment without any antidiabetic treatment. Primary outcome (09/01/07 to 02/29/08) was change from baseline in A1c. The analysis of variance was used to test the association between use patterns and A1c change. A logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors for use patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (45.1%, n=5999) discontinued their TZD use. Both Groups 2 and 3 had significant A1c increases (both P values <.0001). Significant predictors for TZD discontinuation included black race, baseline heart disease, and diabetic complication [odds ratio (OR), 1.43; OR, 1.54; OR, 1.30, respectively]. Of the patients remaining on TZD therapy, 11.8% experienced improved A1c levels, and a lower percentage of patients (9.53%) experienced a deterioration in A1c levels (P<.0001). Patients who switched or discontinued an antidiabetic medication experienced improvements in body mass index (P<.0001) and triglycerides (P<.0036). The three use pattern groups had similar changes with regard to blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiazolidinedione safety warnings may have negatively impacted the glycemic control in DM patients.
authors: School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. lshi1@tulane.edu
authors: Lizheng
authors: L
authors: Shi
authors: Yingnan
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Szymanski
authors: Lillian
authors: L
authors: Yau
authors: Vivian
authors: V
authors: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone