title: Nonoperative management of solid organ injury diminishes surgical resident operative experience: is it time for simulation training?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonoperative management (NOM) of solid abdominal organ injury (SAOI) is increasing. Consequently, training programs are challenged to ensure essential operative trauma experience. We hypothesize that the increasing use and success of NOM for SAOI negatively impacts resident operative experience with these injuries and that curriculum-based simulation might be necessary to augment clinical experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort analysis of 1198 consecutive adults admitted to a Level I trauma center over 12 y diagnosed with spleen and/or liver injury was performed. Resident case logs were reviewed to determine operative experience (Cohort A: 1996-2001 versus Cohort B: 2002-2007).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 24% of patients underwent operation for SAOI. Fewer blunt than penetrating injuries required operation (20% versus 50%, P < 0.001). Of those managed operatively, 70% underwent a spleen procedure and 43% had a liver procedure. More patients in Cohort A received an operation compared with Cohort B (34% versus 16%, P < 0.001). Patient outcomes did not vary between cohorts. Over the study period, 55 residency graduates logged on average 27 ± 1 operative trauma cases, 3.4 ± 0.3 spleen procedures, and 2.4 ± 0.2 liver operations for trauma. Cohort A graduates recorded more operations for SAOI than Cohort B graduates (spleen 4.1 ± 0.4 versus 3.0 ± 0.2 cases, P = 0.020 and liver 3.2 ± 0.3 versus 1.8 ± 0.3 cases, P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful NOM, especially for blunt mechanisms, diminishes traditional opportunities for residents to garner adequate operative experience with SAOI. Fewer operative occasions may necessitate an increased role for standardized, curriculum-based simulation training.
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA. jbittner@mcg.edu
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Bittner
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Hawkins
authors: Regina S
authors: RS
authors: Medeiros
authors: John S
authors: JS
authors: Beatty
authors: Linda R
authors: LR
authors: Atteberry
authors: Colville H
authors: CH
authors: Ferdinand
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Mellinger
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D016544:Patient Simulation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*