title: Bovine norovirus: carbohydrate ligand, environmental contamination, and potential cross-species transmission via oysters.
abstract: Noroviruses (NoV) are major agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans and the primary pathogens of shellfish-related outbreaks. Previous studies showed that some human strains bind to oyster tissues through carbohydrate ligands that are similar to their human receptors. Thus, based on presentation of shared norovirus carbohydrate ligands, oysters could selectively concentrate animal strains with increased ability to overcome species barriers. In comparison with human GI and GII strains, bovine GIII NoV strains, although frequently detected in bovine feces and waters of two estuaries of Brittany, were seldom detected in oysters grown in these estuaries. Characterization of the carbohydrate ligand from a new GIII strain indicated recognition of the alpha-galactosidase (α-Gal) epitope not expressed by humans, similar to the GIII.2 Newbury2 strain. This ligand was not detectable on oyster tissues, suggesting that oysters may not be able to accumulate substantial amounts of GIII strains due to the lack of shared carbohydrate ligand and that they should be unable to contribute to select GIII strains with an increased ability to recognize humans.
authors: INSERM, U892, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors: Maha
authors: M
authors: Zakhour
authors: Haifa
authors: H
authors: Maalouf
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Di Bartolo
authors: Larissa
authors: L
authors: Haugarreau
authors: Françoise S
authors: FS
authors: Le Guyader
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Ruvoën-Clouet
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Le Saux
authors: Franco Maria
authors: FM
authors: Ruggeri
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Pommepuy
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Le Pendu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle / Q000821:virology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000821:virology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000821:virology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000032:analysis; D053585:Virus Attachment; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011991:Receptors, Virus; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase