title: Nordic walking improves daily physical activities in COPD: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with COPD progressive dyspnoea leads to a sedentary lifestyle. To date, no studies exist investigating the effects of Nordic Walking in patients with COPD. Therefore, the aim was to determine the feasibility of Nordic Walking in COPD patients at different disease stages. Furthermore we aimed to determine the short- and long-term effects of Nordic Walking on COPD patients' daily physical activity pattern as well as on patients exercise capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty COPD patients were randomised to either Nordic Walking or to a control group. Patients of the Nordic Walking group (n = 30; age: 62 +/- 9 years; FEV1: 48 +/- 19% predicted) underwent a three-month outdoor Nordic Walking exercise program consisting of one hour walking at 75% of their initial maximum heart rate three times per week, whereas controls had no exercise intervention. Primary endpoint: daily physical activities (measured by a validated tri-axial accelerometer); secondary endpoint: functional exercise capacity (measured by the six-minute walking distance; 6MWD). Assessment time points in both groups: baseline, after three, six and nine months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three month training period, in the Nordic Walking group time spent walking and standing as well as intensity of walking increased (Delta walking time: +14.9 +/- 1.9 min/day; Delta standing time: +129 +/- 26 min/day; Delta movement intensity: +0.40 +/- 0.14 m/s2) while time spent sitting decreased (Delta sitting time: -128 +/- 15 min/day) compared to baseline (all: p < 0.01) as well as compared to controls (all: p < 0.01). Furthermore, 6MWD significantly increased compared to baseline (Delta 6MWD: +79 +/- 28 meters) as well as compared to controls (both: p < 0.01). These significant improvements were sustained six and nine months after baseline. In contrast, controls showed unchanged daily physical activities and 6MWD compared to baseline for all time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nordic Walking is a feasible, simple and effective physical training modality in COPD. In addition, Nordic Walking has proven to positively impact the daily physical activity pattern of COPD patients under short- and long-term observation.
authors: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Sanatoriumstreet 2, 1140 Vienna, Austria. marie.breyer@gmx.at
authors: Marie-Kathrin
authors: MK
authors: Breyer
authors: Robab
authors: R
authors: Breyer-Kohansal
authors: Georg-Christian
authors: GC
authors: Funk
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Dornhofer
authors: Martijn A
authors: MA
authors: Spruit
authors: Emiel F M
authors: EF
authors: Wouters
authors: Otto C
authors: OC
authors: Burghuber
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Hartl
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology