title: Rifampicin enhances activity of daptomycin and vancomycin against both a polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)-dependent and -independent Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addressed the efficacy of daptomycin, vancomycin, rifampicin, daptomycin/rifampicin and vancomycin/rifampicin against a polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)-dependent and -independent Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm using flow cell and guinea pig tissue cage models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flow cell model of both PIA-dependent and -independent biofilms demonstrated that the viable cell count after treatment with daptomycin/rifampicin was significantly lower (P<0.05) than after treatment with vancomycin, vancomycin/rifampicin, daptomycin or rifampicin alone. To validate these observations, a guinea pig tissue cage model was used. The results demonstrated that the addition of rifampicin to daptomycin or vancomycin sterilized 5/6 tissues cages colonized with S. epidermidis 1457 (PIA producing). Similar results were noted with S. epidermidis 1457 icaADBC::dhfr (non-PIA producing), where daptomycin/rifampicin and vancomycin/rifampicin sterilized 5/6 and 6/6 tissue cages, respectively. There was no statistical difference in comparison with the no-treatment control when both 1457 and 1457 icaADBC::dhfr were treated with vancomycin and daptomycin alone. Furthermore, treatment with rifampicin alone sterilized 5/6 and 3/6 1457 and 1457 icaADBC::dhfr tissue cages, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interpretation of these data suggests that rifampicin is highly active against S. epidermidis biofilms and both vancomycin and daptomycin are effective at reducing the subpopulation of bacteria that develop rifampicin resistance.
authors: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA.
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Olson
authors: Shawn R
authors: SR
authors: Slater
authors: Mark E
authors: ME
authors: Rupp
authors: Paul D
authors: PD
authors: Fey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors; C113579:polysaccharide intercellular adhesin; D014640:Vancomycin; D017576:Daptomycin; D012293:Rifampin