title: Ionothermal synthesis of layered zirconium phosphates and their tribological properties in mineral oil.
abstract: In an attempt to synthesize novel zirconium phosphate materials, a series of syntheses have been performed in a deep eutectic solvent (DES), composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and oxalic acid. As a result, this DES does not act as a template provider in reaction probably owing to the steric effects of the longer chains of the TPA cation, and only the α-Zr(HPO(4))(2)·H(2)O (α-ZrP) phase has been achieved. However, after organic amine was added to the initial reaction mixture in a normal way, the additives did act as a template to induce the zirconium phosphate framework. For example, with 1,4-dimethylpiperazine as an additive, a novel layered compound, [C(6)H(16)N(2)](0.5)Zr(H(0.5)PO(4))(2)·H(2)O (denoted as ZrPO(4)-DES8) was obtained. Its structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and consists of zirconium phosphate layers with the protonated 1,4-dimethylpiperazine and water molecules in between. Interestingly, the two layered materials as additives in a liquid lubricant exhibit excellent friction behavior with higher load-carrying and antiwear capacities in comparison to typical lubricant additives such as MoS(2) and graphite, increase the P(B) value of the base oil by 27.2% and 8.5%, and decrease the wear scar diameter of the base oil by 43% and 36%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry are used to investigate the lubricant behavior of those materials.
authors: Research Institute of Special Chemicals, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Zhao-Feng
authors: ZF
authors: Chen
authors: Hai-Bo
authors: HB
authors: Wei
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Yu-Chuan
authors: YC
authors: Fu
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Jin-Ping
authors: JP
authors: Li
authors: Alexandra M Z
authors: AM
authors: Slawin
authors: Jin-Xiang
authors: JX
authors: Dong