title: Outcome of protracted hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the variables that influence the development of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia are now better understood, the risk factors and long-term outcome of persistent hypoparathyroidism (HPP) are poorly defined. A retrospective review of a prospective protocol for the management of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a serum calcium level below 8 mg/dl (2 mmol/l) 24 h after total thyroidectomy were prescribed oral calcium with or without calcitriol and followed for at least 1 year. Protracted HPP was defined as an intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level below 13 pg/ml and need for calcium medication at 1 month after thyroidectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 442 patients (343 with goitre, 99 with carcinoma) undergoing total thyroidectomy, 222 (50.2 per cent) developed postoperative hypocalcaemia. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up. Parathyroid function recovered in 131 patients within 1 month and 80 developed protracted HPP, which was associated with lymphadenectomy, fewer than three glands left in situ and incidental parathyroidectomy. Parathyroid function recovered within 1 year in 78 per cent of patients with protracted HPP. Factors associated with late recovery of parathyroid function were higher serum calcium and low but detectable iPTH levels 1 month after surgery. These factors were associated with higher calcitriol and calcium dosages at hospital discharge. Parathyroid autotransplantation did not protect against permanent HPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher serum calcium levels at 1 month after total thyroidectomy are associated with recovery of parathyroid function. It is hypothesized that intensive medical treatment of hypocalcaemia-'parathyroid splinting'-may improve the outcome of patients with protracted HPP.
authors: Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. asitges@hospitaldelmar.cat
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sitges-Serra
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ruiz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Girvent
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Manjón
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Dueñas
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Sancho
mesh_terms: D002117:Calcitriol; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002117:Calcitriol; D002118:Calcium