title: Human papillomavirus infection and anal dysplasia in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) disease, including anal squamous cell carcinoma. Additional risk factors for HPV-related disease have not been studied in the renal transplant population. The demographics of anal HPV and associated risk factors were investigated in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anal cytology and polymerase chain reaction were used to assess anal HPV disease in a cohort of transplant recipients at the Royal London Hospital. Risk factors associated with increased immunosuppression and HPV exposure were collated to determine any association with anal disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anal dysplasia was associated with anal oncogenic HPV infection (P < 0.001), duration of immunosuppression (P = 0.050), previous genital warts (P = 0.018) and receptive anal intercourse (P = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anal dysplasia was related to immunosuppression and patient factors in this cohort.
authors: Colorectal Cancer Genetics Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Patel
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Silver
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Levine
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Williams
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Northover
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000473:pathology*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012725:Sexual Behavior
chemical_list: D004247:DNA