title: Congenital spinal malformations in small animals.
abstract: Congenital anomalies of the spine are common in small animals. The type of deformity, location, severity, time of onset of associated clinical signs, and progression of neurologic dysfunction varies widely. To promote clearer understanding, the authors present the various spinal malformations using modified human classification schemes and use current widely accepted definitions and terminology. The diagnostic approach, including utilization of advanced imaging, and surgical management is emphasized.
authors: VCA Animal Care Center of Sonoma County, 6470 Redwood Drive, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA. dwestworth@ucdavis.edu
authors: Diccon R
authors: DR
authors: Westworth
authors: Beverly K
authors: BK
authors: Sturges
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery