title: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation changes velopharyngeal control in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adequate velopharyngeal control is essential for speech, but may be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) improves limb function in PD, but the effects on velopharyngeal control remain unknown. We tested whether STN DBS would change aerodynamic measures of velopharyngeal control, and whether these changes were correlated with limb function and stimulation settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen PD participants with bilateral STN DBS were tested within a morning session after a minimum of 12h since their most recent dose of anti-PD medication. Testing occurred when STN DBS was on, and again 1h after STN DBS was turned off, and included aerodynamic measures during syllable production, and standard neurological ratings of limb function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that PD participants exhibited changes with STN DBS, primarily consistent with increased intraoral pressure (n=7) and increased velopharyngeal closure (n=5). These changes were modestly correlated with measures of limb function, and were correlated with stimulation frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that STN DBS may change velopharyngeal control during syllable production in PD, with greater benefit associated with low frequency stimulation. However, DBS demonstrates a more subtle influence on speech-related velopharyngeal control than limb motor control. This distinction and its underlying mechanisms are important to consider when assessing the impact of STN DBS on PD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to (1) describe the effects of deep brain stimulation on limb and speech function; (2) describe the effects of deep brain stimulation on velopharyngeal control; and (3) discuss the possible reasons for differences in limb outcomes compared with speech function with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. hammer@surgery.wisc.edu
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Hammer
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Barlow
authors: Kelly E
authors: KE
authors: Lyons
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Pahwa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*