Migration-associated secretion of melanoma inhibitory activity at the cell rear is supported by KCa3.1 potassium channels.
Malignant melanoma, characterized by invasive local growth and early formation of metastases, is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA), secreted by malignant melanoma cells, interacts with the cell adhesion receptors, integrins α(4)β(1) and α(5)β(1), facilitating cell detachment and promoting formation of metastases. In the present study, we demonstrate that MIA secretion is confined to the rear end of migrating cells, while in non-migrating cells MIA accumulates in the actin cortex. MIA protein takes a conventional secretory pathway including coat protein complex I (COPI)- and coat protein complex II (COPII)-dependent protein transport to the cell periphery, where its final release depends on intracellular Ca(2+) ions. Interestingly, the Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channel, subfamily N, member 4 (KCa3.1), known to be active at the rear end of migrating cells, was found to support MIA secretion. Secretion was diminished by the specific KCa3.1 channel inhibitor TRAM-34 and by expression of dominant-negative mutants of the channel. In summary, we have elucidated the migration-associated transport of MIA protein to the cell rear and also disclosed a new mechanism by which KCa3.1 potassium channels promote cell migration.
Schmidt
Jennifer
J
Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Friebel
Kristin
K
Schönherr
Roland
R
Coppolino
Marc G
MG
Bosserhoff
Anja-Katrin
AK
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D020755:Coat Protein Complex I / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051660:Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
D000199:Actins; D020755:Coat Protein Complex I; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D051660:Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; C496923:KCNN4 protein, human; C090059:MIA protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; C411671:TRAM 34; D002118:Calcium