title: Needle-free vaccination in sheep.
abstract: Multi-dose vaccinators have been in use for many years to vaccinate livestock. A number of needle-free vaccinators that use compressed gas to drive the vaccine through intact skin have been recently introduced to the market. We recently examined the efficacy of a needle-free vaccinator to induce antibodies to tetanus toxoid in sheep. The result indicates that needle-free vaccination can stimulate antibody responses comparable to conventional needle vaccination.
authors: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia. Ian.Colditz@csiro.au
authors: I G
authors: IG
authors: Colditz
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Paull
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D012756:Sheep / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid