title: Pulse pressure independently predicts major cardiovascular events in younger but not in older subjects with erectile dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulse pressure (PP; i.e., the arithmetic difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure) has been suggested to be an independent cardiovascular risk (CV) factor in the general population. We previously also reported a negative association between PP and arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). This finding has recently been questioned.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To verify the association of PP with ED severity and to evaluate its role in predicting forthcoming CV events.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational prospective cohort study evaluating a consecutive series of 1,687 patients attending our Andrological Unit for ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several hormonal and biochemical parameters were studied, along with SIEDY structured interviews and penile Doppler ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with PP in the lowest quartile (I: 20-45; II: 46-55; III: 56-62; IV: 63-115 mm Hg) had a significant reduction in the risk of severe ED (RR = 0.60[0.47-0.76]; P < 0.0001). When the same analysis was repeated as a function of age quartile (I = 17-44, II = 45-55, III = 56-62, and IV = 63-88 years old), after adjusting for testosterone levels, mean blood pressure, Chronic Disease Score, and body mass index, PP was inversely related to ED only in the youngest age group. During a mean follow up of 4.4 ± 2.6 years, 147 major cardiovascular events (MACE) were observed. In a Cox regression model, after adjusting for possible confounding factors, a lower PP was associated with a lower risk of MACE in the whole sample and in younger subjects, but not in the older ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Checking for blood pressure in ED subjects and calculating PP should become a routine practice in sexual medicine. In younger individuals, low PP reflects not only sexual health (better erection) but also cardiovascular health (less prevalence of MACE).
authors: Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Corona
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Monami
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Boddi
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Rastrelli
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Melani
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Balzi
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Sforza
authors: Gianni
authors: G
authors: Forti
authors: Edoardo
authors: E
authors: Mannucci
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis