Complementary effect of Phloxine B on the insecticidal efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 wettable powder against greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum West.
BACKGROUND
Insecticidal activities of five photoactive dyes against greenhouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum West., in tomatoes were investigated to improve the control efficacy of an entomopathogenic fungal product, Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 wettable powder (WP). Azorubine, Eosin B, Erythrosine, Brilliant Green and Phloxine B were used in this work, accompanying pyriproxyfen emulsifiable concentrate (EC) as a commercial standard for comparison.


RESULTS
Phloxine B had the highest control efficacy in glasshouse conditions. The most suitable dose of Phloxine B was determined as 0.005 g L(-1) , given the dosage-dependent control efficacy and phytotoxicity of the dye, and its influence on the germination of SFP-198 conidia. In field conditions, SFP-198 WP + Phloxine B (2 + 0.005 g L(-1) ; tank mix) showed 89.1 and 95.3% control efficacy 7 and 14 days post-application, which was significantly higher than the efficacy of SFP-198 WP alone (43.5 and 64.0%), Phloxine B (47.5 and 30.7%) or pyriproxyfen EC (67.7 and 80.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Phloxine B cooperates with SFP-198 WP complementarily, possibly in the order of killing action (early: Phloxine B; late: SFP-198 WP). The dye can be incorporated into SFP-198 WP to improve its efficacy and applied to other Hypocrelean entomopathogenic fungal products.
Kim
Jae Su
JS
Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. jae-su.kim@uvm.edu
Je
Yeon Ho
YH
Choi
Jae Young
JY
D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D010697:Eosine I Bluish / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007306:Insecticides; D010697:Eosine I Bluish