title: Low-grade albuminuria is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-grade albuminuria was reported to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Our present study showed a significant association between low-grade urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and elevated carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between low-grade albuminuria and CIMT in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed in 760 type 2 diabetic patients (age range, 29-76 yr) with normoalbuminuria from Shanghai, China. A first-voided early morning spot urine sample was obtained for urinary albumin and creatinine measurements. CIMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIMT, as well as body mass index, glycated hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum triglycerides, progressively increased across the sex-specific quartiles of ACR (all P < 0.05). Compared with the patients in the lowest quartile, those in the third and the highest quartiles had significantly higher levels of CIMT (0.87 and 0.91 vs. 0.79 mm, P = 0.0025 and <0.0001, respectively). A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the patients in the lowest quartile of ACR, those in the third and the highest quartiles had 1.98- to 2.76-fold increased risk of elevated CIMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In type 2 diabetic patients, slightly elevated ACR level, which was below the current cutoff point of microalbuminuria, was associated with higher CIMT after adjustments of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The results implied that low-grade albuminuria might be an early marker for the detection of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors: Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Yuhong
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Xu
authors: Weiqiong
authors: W
authors: Gu
authors: Yufang
authors: Y
authors: Bi
authors: Xiaoying
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Guang
authors: G
authors: Ning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography