title: Assisted reproductive treatment applications in men with normal phenotype but 45,X/46,XY mosaic karyotype: clinical and genetic perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 45,X/46,XY mosaic karyotype is expressed by a spectrum of genital phenotypes, ranging from normal males through to ambiguous genitalia and to normal females.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present three cases of men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, and a 45,X/46,XY mosaic karyotype and two with a Y-chromosome microdeletion. Phenotypically, they appeared as normal males, with normal penis, scrotum and secondary sex characteristics. Testicular sperm extraction and aspiration were applied to patients, and couples were prepared for assisted reproductive therapy. All men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia were evaluated for karyotype and Y-chromosome microdeletion even if they had normal phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Possibilities for finding sperm and the biologic paternity in subjects with 45,X/46,XY karyotype should be considered. Furthermore, the increased risk for testicular neoplasia with mosaic karyotypes should be taken into consideration.
authors: Reproductive Endocrinology Department, Dr Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. sevtapkilic@gmail.com
authors: Sevtap
authors: S
authors: Kilic
authors: Beril
authors: B
authors: Yukse
authors: Nicel
authors: N
authors: Tasdemir
authors: Muammer
authors: M
authors: Dogan
authors: Erkan
authors: E
authors: Ozdemir
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Yesilyurt
authors: Ipek
authors: I
authors: Keskin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000235:genetics; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006060:Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D007621:Karyotyping; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
chemical_list: D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone