title: Exploring the dual-level effects of transformational leadership on followers.
abstract: We developed a dual-level transformational leadership scale to measure individual-focused behavior at the individual level and group-focused behavior at the group level, and we validated the scale using a sample of 203 members from 60 work groups in a Canadian company. Results show that individual-focused leadership behavior, at the individual level, was positively related to task performance and personal initiative; group-focused leadership behavior, at the group level, was positively associated with team performance and helping behavior. Implications for leadership theory and practice are offered.
authors: Competence Centre People and Organization, Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Vlamingenstraat 83, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium. psyfrank@gmail.com
authors: Xiao-Hua Frank
authors: XH
authors: Wang
authors: Jane M
authors: JM
authors: Howell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007324:Institutional Management Teams; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010559:Personnel Management; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D017132:Workplace