Effect of resveratrol on endothelial cell function: Molecular mechanisms.
The polyphenolic natural product resveratrol (RV), best known for its occurrence in grape skin and red wine, is considered a candidate drug for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the molecular effects of RV on endothelial cells, which line the inner walls of blood vessels and play a key role in the development of those diseases. We describe how RV enhances endothelial nitric oxide production, improves endothelial redox balance and inhibits endothelial activation in response to pro-inflammatory and metabolic insults. Furthermore, we summarize effects of RV on endothelial senescence, apoptosis, endothelin-1 release, and endothelial progenitor cell function. As many of RV's actions seem to be mediated by SIRT₁, different mechanistic possibilities how RV may lead to SIRT₁ activation are discussed.
Schmitt
Christoph A
CA
Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, United Kingdom.
Heiss
Elke H
EH
Dirsch
Verena M
VM
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
D019332:Endothelin-1; D013267:Stilbenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D000077185:Resveratrol