title: First attempt to validate the gSG6-P1 salivary peptide as an immuno-epidemiological tool for evaluating human exposure to Anopheles funestus bites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of a biomarker of exposure based on the evaluation of the human antibody response specific to Anopheles salivary proteins seems promising in improving malaria control. The IgG response specific to the gSG6-P1 peptide has already been validated as a biomarker of An. gambiae exposure. This study represents a first attempt to validate the gSG6-P1 peptide as an epidemiological tool evaluating exposure to An. funestus bites, the second main malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-disciplinary survey was performed in a Senegalese village where An. funestus represents the principal anopheline species. The IgG antibody level specific to gSG6-P1 was evaluated and compared in the same children before, at the peak and after the rainy season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-thirds of the children developed a specific IgG response to gSG6-P1 during the study period and--more interestingly--before the rainy season, when An. funestus was the only anopheline species reported. The specific IgG response increased during the An. funestus exposure season, and a positive association between the IgG level and the level of exposure to An. funestus bites was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the evaluation of the IgG response specific to gSG6-P1 in children could also represent a biomarker of exposure to An. funestus bites. The availability of such a biomarker evaluating the exposure to both main Plasmodium falciparum vectors in Africa could be particularly relevant as a direct criterion for the evaluation of the efficacy of vector control strategies.
authors: Unité Caractérisation et Contrôle des Populations de Vecteurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Poinsignon
authors: Badara
authors: B
authors: Samb
authors: Souleymane
authors: S
authors: Doucoure
authors: Papa-Makhtar
authors: PM
authors: Drame
authors: Jean Biram
authors: JB
authors: Sarr
authors: Cheikh
authors: C
authors: Sow
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Cornelie
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Maiga
authors: Cheikh
authors: C
authors: Thiam
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Rogerie
authors: Sohidou
authors: S
authors: Guindo
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Hermann
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Simondon
authors: Ibrahima
authors: I
authors: Dia
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Riveau
authors: Lassana
authors: L
authors: Konate
authors: Franck
authors: F
authors: Remoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D012675:Senegal
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019476:Insect Proteins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C552919:gSG6-P1 peptide, human