Determinants of infant and young child feeding practices in Nepal: secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2006.
BACKGROUND
Childhood undernutrition and mortality are high in Nepal, and therefore interventions on infant and young child feeding practices deserve high priority.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate infant and young child feeding indicators and the determinants of selected feeding practices.


METHODS
The sample consisted of 1906 children aged O to 23 months from the Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Selected indicators were examined against a set of variables using univariate and multivariate analyses.


RESULTS
Breastfeeding was initiated within the first hour after birth in 35.4% of children, 99.5% were ever breastfed, 98.1% were currently breastfed, and 3.5% were bottle-fed. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants under 6 months of age was 53.1%, and the rate of timely complementary feeding among those 6 to 9 months of age was 74.7%. Mothers who made antenatal clinic visits were at a higher risk for no exclusive breastfeeding than those who made no visits. Mothers who lived in the mountains were more likely to initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth and to introduce complementary feeding at 6 to 9 months of age, but less likely to exclusively breastfeed. Cesarean deliveries were associated with delay in timely initiation of breastfeeding. Higher rates of complementary feeding at 6 to 9 months were also associated with mothers with better education and those above 35 years of age. Risk factors for bottle-feeding included living in urban areas and births attended by trained health personnel.


CONCLUSIONS
Most breastfeeding indicators in Nepal are below the expected levels to achieve a substantial reduction in child mortality. Breastfeeding promotion strategies should specifically target mothers who have more contact with the health care delivery system, while programs targeting the entire community should be continued.
Pandey
Sharada
S
Ministry of Health, Kathmandu, Nepal. spandey@mail.com.np
Tiwari
Kalpana
K
Senarath
Upul
U
Agho
Kingsley E
KE
Dibley
Michael J
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D009035:Mothers; D009390:Nepal; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D012424:Rural Population