title: Sex and race are associated with the absence of epicardial coronary artery obstructive disease at angiography in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substantial minority of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) do not have a diameter stenosis of any major epicardial coronary artery on angiography ("no obstruction at angiography") of > or = 50%. We examined the frequency of this finding and its relationship to race and sex.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Among patients with myocardial infarction, younger age, female sex and non-white race are associated with the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease at angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the results of all angiograms performed from May 19, 2006 to September 29, 2006 at 1 private (n = 793) and 1 public (n = 578) urban academic medical center. Charts were reviewed for indication and results of angiography, and for demographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort included 518 patients with ACS. There was no obstruction at angiography in 106 patients (21%), including 48 (18%) of 258 patients with myocardial infarction. Women were more likely to have no obstruction at angiography than men, both in the overall cohort (55/170 women [32%] vs 51/348 men [15%], P < 0.001) and in the subset with MI (29/90 women [32%] vs 19/168 men [11%], P < 0.001). Black patients were more likely to have no obstruction at angiography relative to any other subgroup (24/66 [36%] vs 41/229 [18%] Whites, 31/150 [21%] Hispanics, and 5/58 [9%] Asians, P = 0.001). Among women, Black patients more frequently had no obstruction at angiography compared with other ethnic groups (16/27 [59%] vs 17/59 [29%] Whites, 17/60 [28%] Hispanics, and 3/19 [6%] Asians, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high proportion of a multiethnic sample of patients with ACS were found to have no stenosis > or = 50% in diameter at coronary angiography. This was particularly common among women and Black patients.
authors: Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors: Neel P
authors: NP
authors: Chokshi
authors: Sohah N
authors: SN
authors: Iqbal
authors: Rachel L
authors: RL
authors: Berger
authors: Judith S
authors: JS
authors: Hochman
authors: Frederick
authors: F
authors: Feit
authors: James N
authors: JN
authors: Slater
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Pena-Sing
authors: Leonid
authors: L
authors: Yatskar
authors: Norma M
authors: NM
authors: Keller
authors: Anvar
authors: A
authors: Babaev
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Attubato
authors: Harmony R
authors: HR
authors: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology; D009519:New York City; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data