title: Renal function in the long term after pediatric liver transplantation: is there a need for protocol kidney biopsies?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With improving survival rates following solid organ transplantation, assessment of its success has broadened with a focus on long-term outcomes, including nongraft-related medical outcomes and family and patient perceptions of quality of life. Posttransplant renal dysfunction contributes to long-term morbidity and mortality following pediatric liver transplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of our understanding and approach to managing posttransplant renal dysfunction and highlight the existing gaps in knowledge in this area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature regarding renal dysfunction following liver transplant primarily focuses on the experience in the adult population. Studies on children are limited by small numbers and varying definitions of outcomes. Thus, lessons in the current literature must be closely examined before they can be extrapolated and applied to children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current literature validates that posttransplant renal dysfunction is a frequent and important outcome for adults and children. Although the characteristics of children at high risk are less clear, calcineurin inhibitor minimization is considered a viable strategy for preserving renal function. The risk-benefit ratio of kidney biopsy in children and the possibility of renal preservation via immunosuppression withdrawal are intriguing concepts that remain to be defined.
authors: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. Kathleen.campbell@cchmc.org
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Campbell
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Bucuvalas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents