title: Gene expression programming for total bed material load estimation--a case study.
abstract: This paper presents Gene-Expression Programming (GEP), which is an extension to the genetic programming (GP) approach to predict the total bed material load for three Malaysian rivers. The GEP is employed without any restriction to an extensive database compiled from measurements in the Muda, Langat, and Kurau rivers. The GEP approach demonstrated a superior performance compared to other traditional sediment load methods. The coefficient of determination, R(2) (=0.97) and the mean square error, MSE (=0.057) of the GEP method are higher than those of the traditional method. The performance of the GEP method demonstrates its predictive capability and the possibility of the generalization of the model to nonlinear problems for river engineering applications.
authors: River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors: Nor Azazi
authors: NA
authors: Zakaria
authors: H Md
authors: HM
authors: Azamathulla
authors: Chun Kiat
authors: CK
authors: Chang
authors: Aminuddin Ab
authors: AA
authors: Ghani
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D008296:Malaysia; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants