Assessment of fatty acid as a differentiator of usages of urban soils.
The determination of fatty acids (FA) has been extensively used as a sensitive and reproducible parameter for characterizing the soil microorganism communities and to detect various environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of FA in urban soils, in an attempt to use it as a differentiator of urban soil usage. FA were extracted from soils of five different usages (ornamental gardens, ornamental gardens/roadsides, roadsides, parks and urban agricultural areas) in three Portuguese cities and FA concentration was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifteen FA have been detected and the concentration of each FA, in general, decreased in the following order: Lisbon>Estarreja>Viseu, for all the usages of urban soil. According to soil microbial indicators, the concentration of Gram-negative bacteria was lower than the concentration of Gram-positive bacteria, which together were, in turn, higher than the concentration of fungi for all the usages of urban soil and city. This study assessed the FA profiles of urban soils, which differ as a function of soil usage. The FA profile also is at the source of the inference that stress in soil microorganism communities results from the different urban environment in each city.
Silva
Lurdes
L
CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) & Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. lisilva@ua.pt
Cachada
Anabela
A
Freitas
Ana Cristina
AC
Pereira
Ruth
R
Rocha-Santos
Teresa
T
Duarte
Armando Costa
AC
D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D018533:Biomass; D002947:Cities; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
D005227:Fatty Acids; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants