title: Resection margins in ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few published studies have shown the benefits of intraoperative ultrasound in avoiding inadequate margins in breast-conserving surgery. The aim of this study is to quantify intraoperative ultrasound margin size and assess its relationship to tumor size, multifocality, palpability, histology, and presence of intraductal component.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery in whom the operating surgeon visualized the tumor by ultrasound were included. Ultrasound margins measured intraoperatively were prospectively recorded and compared with pathology margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five patients with 48 tumors were included. Twenty five patients (56%) had palpable tumors. Pathologic mean tumor size was 1.9 cm [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.2 cm, range 0.5-4.8 cm]. There was good correlation between closest margins recorded by ultrasound and pathology margins (r = 0.4674, P < 0.0008). Fourteen patients (31%) had margins re-excised intraoperatively, 12 of them in the direction of the closest pathological margin. Three patients (7%), all of whom had intraoperative re-excision, had a second operation for involved margins without residual cancer on pathological examination of the reoperative specimens. Ultrasound margins ≥0.5 cm achieved adequate pathology margins of ≥0.2 cm in 95% of margins. Overestimation of pathology margins by ultrasound measurement was significantly affected by multifocality (P = 0.0473). Tumor size, palpability, invasive lobular histology, and presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) did not cause significant overestimation of pathology margins by ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative ultrasound may help maintain a low level of reoperation after breast-conserving surgery. Ultrasound margins <0.5 cm should be re-excised intraoperatively. Reliability of ultrasound in predicting the closest pathology margins was diminished in patients with multifocal tumors.
authors: Department of Surgery, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. oolsha@gmail.com
authors: Oded
authors: O
authors: Olsha
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Shemesh
authors: Moshe
authors: M
authors: Carmon
authors: Ohn
authors: O
authors: Sibirsky
authors: Ribhi
authors: R
authors: Abu Dalo
authors: Louis
authors: L
authors: Rivkin
authors: Itamar
authors: I
authors: Ashkenazi
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010173:Palpation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary