title: NADPH oxidase-dependent regulation of T-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors mediate the augmented exocytosis of catecholamines from intermittent hypoxia-treated neonatal rat chromaffin cells.
abstract: Nearly 90% of premature infants experience the stress of intermittent hypoxia (IH) as a consequence of recurrent apneas (periodic cessation of breathing). In neonates, catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla is critical for maintaining homeostasis under hypoxic stress. We recently reported that IH treatment enhanced hypoxia-evoked catecholamine secretion and [Ca2+]i responses in neonatal rat adrenal chromaffin cells and involves reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of the present study was to identify the source(s) of ROS generation and examine the mechanisms underlying the enhanced catecholamine secretion by IH. Neonatal rats of either sex (postal day 0-5) were exposed to either IH or normoxia. IH treatment increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, upregulated NOX2 and NOX4 transcription in adrenal medullae, and a NOX inhibitor prevented the effects of IH on hypoxia-evoked chromaffin cell secretion. IH upregulated Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel mRNAs via NOX/ROS signaling and augmented T-type Ca2+ current in IH-treated chromaffin cells. Mibefradil, a blocker of T-type Ca2+ channels attenuated the effects of hypoxia on [Ca2+]i and catecholamine secretion in IH-treated cells. In Ca2+-free medium, IH-treated cells exhibited higher basal [Ca2+]i levels and more pronounced [Ca2+]i responses to hypoxia compared with controls, and blockade of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) prevented these effects. RyR2 and RyR3 mRNAs were upregulated, RyR2 was S-glutathionylated in IH-treated adrenal medullae, and NOX/ROS inhibitors prevented these effects. These results demonstrate that neonatal IH treatment leads to NOX/ROS-dependent recruitment of T-type Ca2+ channels and RyRs, resulting in augmented [Ca2+]i mobilization and catecholamine secretion.
authors: The Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors: Dangjai
authors: D
authors: Souvannakitti
authors: Jayasri
authors: J
authors: Nanduri
authors: Guoxiang
authors: G
authors: Yuan
authors: Ganesh K
authors: GK
authors: Kumar
authors: Aaron P
authors: AP
authors: Fox
authors: Nanduri R
authors: NR
authors: Prabhakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C500994:Cacna1g protein, rat; C509958:Cacna1h protein, rat; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D002395:Catecholamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D002118:Calcium