title: Improved glucose tolerance after intensive life style intervention occurs without changes in muscle ceramide or triacylglycerol in morbidly obese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of a 15-week life style intervention (hypocaloric diet and regular exercise) on glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle lipids and muscle metabolic adaptations in 14 female and 9 male morbidly obese subjects (age: 32.5±2.3 years, body mass index: 46.1±1.9 kg m(-2) ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after the life style intervention, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and a muscle biopsy was obtained in the fasted state. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by an indirect test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the intervention, body weight was decreased (P<0.05) by 11±1%, maximal oxygen uptake increased (P<0.05) by 18±5% and glucose tolerance increased (P<0.05) by 12±3%. Muscle glycogen was significantly increased by 47±14%, but muscle ceramide and triacylglycerol content remained completely unchanged. No sex difference was observed for any of these parameters, but during submaximal exercise a marked decrease (P<0.05) of 15±2% in respiratory exchange ratio was seen only in females indicating an enhanced fat oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a marked weight loss and an improved aerobic capacity muscle ceramide and triacylglycerol remained unchanged after intensive life style intervention, and muscle lipids hence do not seem to play a major role for the improved glucose tolerance in these morbidly obese subjects. Interestingly, only the females improved fat oxidation during submaximal exercise after the intervention implying the presence of a sex-dependent response to intensive life style adaptation.
authors: Center of Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark. jhelge@sund.ku.dk
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Helge
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Stallknecht
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Drachmann
authors: L I
authors: LI
authors: Hellgren
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jiménez-Jiménez
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Andersen
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Richelsen
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Bruun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004035:Diet Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D014280:Triglycerides; D005947:Glucose