title: Heparinized cardiopulmonary bypass circuits and low systemic anticoagulation: an analysis of nearly 6000 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heparin coating of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits reduces the inflammatory response and increases the thromboresistance during extracorporeal circulation. These properties enables a lower systemic heparin dose, which has been shown to reduce the need for blood transfusions. Experience with this technique accumulated over 11 years has been analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with heparin-coated circuits. Apart from some patients receiving a high intraoperative dose of aprotinin, the systemic heparin dose was reduced, with a lower level of an activated clotting time of 250 seconds during extracorporeal circulation. The overall strategy aimed at a fast-track regimen, with early extubation, minimal use of blood transfusions, and rapid postoperative recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 5954 patients were included; 1131 (19.0%) were female (median age, 70 years), and 4823 were male (median age, 65 years). The median additive EuroSCORE was 3 (range, 0-14; mean 3.5 ± 2.5). No significant signs of clotting were seen in any part of the extracorporeal circuit. Bank blood products were given to 427 (7.2%) patients. Median extubation time was 1.7 hours. The stroke rate was 1.0%, transient neurologic deficits occurred in 0.7%, and perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 1.2%. On the fifth day, 88.1% of the patients were physically rehabilitated and ready for discharge. Thirty-day mortality was 0.9% (54 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experience with this patient cohort including mostly low- to medium-risk patients with a relatively short cardiopulmonary bypass time indicates that coronary artery bypass grafting performed with heparin-coated circuits and reduced level of systemic heparinization is safe and results in a very satisfactory clinical course. No signs of clotting or other technical incidents were recorded.
authors: Oslo Heart Center, Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine and Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. eivind.ovrum@hjertesenteret.no
authors: Eivind
authors: E
authors: Øvrum
authors: Geir
authors: G
authors: Tangen
authors: Stein
authors: S
authors: Tølløfsrud
authors: Bjørn
authors: B
authors: Skeie
authors: Mari Anne L
authors: MA
authors: Ringdal
authors: Reidar
authors: R
authors: Istad
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Øystese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D009664:Norway; D057725:Operative Blood Salvage; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006493:Heparin