title: Long-term follow-up of immunosuppressive monotherapy in liver transplantation: tacrolimus and microemulsified cyclosporin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early withdrawal of steroids after liver transplantation has benefits, but rarely is total avoidance of steroids used. We evaluated long-term results of patients with ab initio monotherapy with cyclosporin (CYA) vs. tacrolimus (TAC), in randomized and cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated long-term outcomes in 66 adults randomized to TAC or CYA and 94 subsequent patients who received TAC. Protocol liver biopsies were performed. Rejection was treated with three 1 g/d methylprednisolone. Further rejection after two courses of methylprednisolone was defined as monotherapy failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actuarial five-yr survival was 68% in TAC and 70% CYA. Monotherapy failed in 8% TAC and 13% CYA patients; no rejection in 24% TAC and 19% CYA patients; 42% TAC and 33% CYA patients were not exposed to any steroids. Rejection episodes were less with TAC, compared to CYA: mean 1.8 vs. 2.5, p = 0.042. Chronic rejection occurred in only 4 (11%) CYA patients. During follow-up of median 97 months (range: 0.06-145), there were 16 (44%) deaths in CYA and 48 (39%) in TAC patients (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAC monotherapy ab initio is a viable immunosuppressive strategy in liver transplantation and was associated with lower rejection rates and renal complications, compared to CYA.
authors: The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
authors: Evangelos
authors: E
authors: Cholongitas
authors: Vibhakorn
authors: V
authors: Shusang
authors: Giacomo
authors: G
authors: Germani
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Tsochatzis
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Raimondo
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Marelli
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Senzolo
authors: Brian R
authors: BR
authors: Davidson
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Patch
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Rolles
authors: Andrew K
authors: AK
authors: Burroughs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015996:Survival Rate; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus