Hepatic and biliary damage after transarterial chemoembolization for malignant hepatic tumors: incidence, diagnosis, treatment, outcome and mechanism.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of recent studies on transarterial chemoembolization-related hepatic and biliary damage (TRHBD) in patients with malignant hepatic tumors (MHT) and to explore the reasons for TRHBD.


METHODS
Literature on the treatments for MHT by TACE was sought in PubMed and the related information was summarized.


RESULTS
TRHBD is found to occur in the hepatic parenchymal cells, biliary tree and blood-vascular system. The damage is mainly due to ischemia resulting from embolic materials such as gelatin sponge and lipiodol. In addition, clinicians' skill levels in non-superselective catheterization, the health condition of the patients, and the chemical agents used may also be related to the damage. Most of the deterioration can be reversed if the patients are diagnosed and treated properly and promptly.


CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the mechanisms of TRHBD more comprehensively is helpful in developing effective methods for prevention and treatment.
Sun
Zhengang
Z
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, JingZhou 4343100, Hubei Province, China.
Li
Gaopeng
G
Ai
Xi
X
Luo
Baoming
B
Wen
Yanling
Y
Zhao
Zizhuo
Z
Dong
Shengli
S
Guan
Jian
J
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000009:adverse effects; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004998:Ethiodized Oil