title: Nutrient intake and serum level of gamma-glutamyltransferase, MCP-1 and homocysteine in early stages of heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary quality probably may impact heart failure outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the potential effects of nutrient intake on homocysteine, MCP-1 and GGT levels in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 55 patients with diagnosed HF with coronary artery disease origin, below 65y, with NYHA class I/II. The patients had received standard treatment. The control comprised 55 patients with mild hyperlipidemia, not treated. Diet was evaluated on the basis of a dietary questionnaire and a 24-h dietary recall. The serum lipid profile, folic acid, homocysteine, GGT and MCP-1 were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HF group significantly higher concentration of homocysteine (32%), MCP-1 (58%) and GGT (100%) are found as compared to the control group (p < 0.00001). Patients with HF had greater cholesterol consumption, with less folates, vitamin C and dietary fiber as compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High consumption of total fat and dietary cholesterol accompanied by a low folate, antioxidant vitamin, a special vitamin C and dietary fiber intake, contributes to elevated Hcy, GGT and MCP-1 levels and in consequence, could lead to intense inflammatory process and atherosclerosis in HF patients.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. magdalena.wujec@wum.edu.pl
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Makarewicz-Wujec
authors: Malgorzata
authors: M
authors: Kozlowska-Wojciechowska
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood; D006397:Hematinics / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D006397:Hematinics; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase