title: Bovine colostrum is superior to enriched formulas in stimulating intestinal function and necrotising enterocolitis resistance in preterm pigs.
abstract: Milk contains immunomodulatory compounds that may be important to protect the immature intestine in preterm neonates from harmful inflammatory reactions involved in disorders like necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesised that bovine colostrum and milk formulas enriched with sialic acids (SL), gangliosides (Gang) or osteopontin (OPN) would improve gastrointestinal function and NEC resistance in preterm neonates. Forty-seven caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were given total parenteral nutrition for 2 d followed by 1·5 d of enteral feeding. In Expt 1, a control formula was compared with an OPN-enriched formula (n 13), while Expt 2 compared a control formula with bovine colostrum or formulas enriched with Gang or SL (n 4-6). OPN enrichment decreased NEC severity relative to control formula (P < 0·01), without any significant effects on NEC incidence, digestive enzyme activities and hexose absorption. Neither SL- nor Gang-enriched formulas improved NEC resistance or digestive functions, while all the intestinal functional parameters were significantly improved in pigs fed bovine colostrum, relative to formula. The effects in vivo were supported in vitro by bacteria- and dose-dependent modulation by colostrum whey of the cytokine response from bacteria-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC). In conclusion, OPN had only moderate NEC-protective effects, while formulas enriched with Gang or SL were ineffective. The observed modulation of DC cytokine response by bovine colostrum whey in vitro may be due to a synergistic action of various milk bioactives, and it may explain its beneficial effects on NEC development and intestinal function in a piglet model of preterm infants.
authors: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors: Hanne K
authors: HK
authors: Møller
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Thymann
authors: Lisbeth N
authors: LN
authors: Fink
authors: Hanne
authors: H
authors: Frokiaer
authors: Anne S
authors: AS
authors: Kvistgaard
authors: Per T
authors: PT
authors: Sangild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D003126:Colostrum; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018529:Nutritional Support; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000662:veterinary; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005732:Gangliosides; D008894:Milk Proteins; D012794:Sialic Acids; D053495:Osteopontin