title: Metabolic and appetite hormone responses of hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic males to meals with varied macronutrient compositions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the appetite hormones and metabolic responses of hyperinsulinemic subjects to high-protein (HP) meals as compared to high-carbohydrate (HC) and high-fat (HF) meals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic men received, on 3 separate occasions, HP, HC, or HF meals in a randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected before and after the ingestion of each meal. Postprandially, acylated ghrelin, PYY(3-36), insulin, glucose, and triglycerides were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the HC meal induced an acutely greater postprandial ghrelin decrease below baseline, the HP meal maintained this decline significantly more than the HF meal at 240 min. Postprandial PYY(3-36) responses did not significantly vary with time and meal composition. Postprandial insulin and glucose peaks were significantly lower following the HP and HF meals in comparison to the HC meal, whereas triglyceride responses were significantly higher following the HF meal. Significant correlations, negative between acylated ghrelin and insulin and positive between PYY(3-36) and insulin, were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic men, HP meals ensure a longer-lasting suppression of circulating ghrelin levels and result in more favorable metabolic responses, characterized by a lower surge of postprandial insulin and glucose and a reduced postprandial triglyceride response, as compared to both HC and HF meals.
authors: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Dalia
authors: D
authors: El Khoury
authors: Nahla
authors: N
authors: Hwalla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D019894:Peptide YY