title: Utilization of intraoperative motor mapping in glioma surgery with high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of glioma surgery is to maximize tumor resection while minimizing neurologic injury. The use of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and intraoperative cortical mapping (IOM) together enable the surgeon to increase the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and preserve the neurological function. However, there is insufficient evidence to validate the use of IOM with high-field iMRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study the safety and utility of IOM in a high-field (1.5 T) iMRI suite, we retrospectively studied 38 patients with glioma who underwent surgery with IOM in the iMRI suite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to use IOM in the iMRI suite without any adverse side effects or difficulty. Median EOR was 97%. A new or worsening motor deficit occurred in 14 (37%) patients immediately after the surgery, with 3 (8%) patients exhibiting persistent deficit at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that IOM can be successfully used in a high-field MRI environment and can help minimize postoperative motor deficit with a higher EOR.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex. 77030, USA.
authors: Mustafa Aziz
authors: MA
authors: Hatiboglu
authors: Jeffrey S
authors: JS
authors: Weinberg
authors: Dima
authors: D
authors: Suki
authors: Sudhakar
authors: S
authors: Tummala
authors: Ganesh
authors: G
authors: Rao
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Sawaya
authors: Sujit S
authors: SS
authors: Prabhu
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies