Age effects on B cells and humoral immunity in humans.
Both humoral and cellular immune responses are impaired in aged individuals, leading to decreased vaccine responses. Although T cell defects occur, defects in B cells play a significant role in age-related humoral immune changes. The ability to undergo class switch recombination (CSR), the enzyme for CSR, AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) and the transcription factor E47 are all decreased in aged stimulated B cells. We here present an overview of age-related changes in human B cell markers and functions, and also discuss some controversies in the field of B cell aging.
Frasca
Daniela
D
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Diaz
Alain
A
Romero
Maria
M
Landin
Ana Marie
AM
Blomberg
Bonnie B
BB
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000502:physiology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000906:Antibodies; D007252:Influenza Vaccines