title: Effectiveness of the VOICES/VOCES sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention intervention when administered by health department staff: does it work in the "real world"?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevention providers wonder whether benefits achieved in the original, researcher-led, efficacy trials of interventions are replicated when the intervention is delivered in real-world settings by their agency's staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  A replication study was conducted at 2 public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics (New York City and San Juan, PR). Using a controlled trial design, intervention (VOICES/VOCES) and comparison conditions (regular clinic services) were assigned in alternating 4-week blocks. Trained agency staff delivered the intervention. Effectiveness was assessed for incident STDs, redemption of coupons for condoms at neighborhood location after the visit, and improved knowledge and attitudes about STDs and condoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3365 patients were recruited, completed the protocol, and followed through STD surveillance systems for an average of 17 months. Of 397 with an incident infection, 226 (13.4%) were among those enrolled during comparison blocks; 171 were among those in the intervention condition (10.2%). Controlling for site and gender, participants enrolled during intervention blocks were significantly less likely to have an incident STD reported to the surveillance system (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.96). Intervention block participants scored higher on scales of STD knowledge (4.89 vs. 3.87, P < 0.001) and condom knowledge, attitude, and efficacy (10.98 vs. 9.16, P < 0.001). More of those exposed to VOICES/VOCES redeemed condoms (P < 0.05). Positive effects were more consistent in New York, which may be related to fidelity of implementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A packaged human immunodeficiency virus prevention intervention can be delivered by agencies, with benefits similar to those achieved in the research setting.
authors: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. MNeumann@cdc.gov
authors: Mary Spink
authors: MS
authors: Neumann
authors: Lydia
authors: L
authors: O'Donnell
authors: Alexi San
authors: AS
authors: Doval
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Schillinger
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Blank
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Ortiz-Rios
authors: Trinidad
authors: T
authors: Garcia
authors: Carl R
authors: CR
authors: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult