title: Health index, sense of coherence scale, brief religious coping scale and spiritual perspective scale: psychometric properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a study to translate one Swedish and three English instruments into the Persian language, and to estimate their validity and reliability.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Sense of Coherence Scale, Health Index, Brief Religious Coping Scale and Spiritual Perspective Scale are all well tested instruments for use in nursing research. Since there was no Persian translation of these instruments, they had to be translated and cross-culturally adapted for nursing research in the Iranian culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the translation process, sampling for psychometric tests was done. A sample of healthy Iranian people (n = 375) was selected to response to the instruments in 2006, at baseline and 1 month later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha values and intra-class correlations were high (>0·70). Tests of criterion-related validity showed that six of the ten hypotheses were confirmed, and the four rejected hypotheses did not imply a threat to validity. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of well-being (Health Index scores) both at baseline (= 0·52, P < 0·001) and 1 month later (= 0·58, P < 0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a sound psychometric basis for using the Iranian versions of these instruments in nursing research with the Iranian population. The Sense of Coherence Scale proved to be as valid and reliable as in Western countries, which supports its cross-cultural applicability.
authors: Nursing Division, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. camelia.rohani@ki.se
authors: Camelia
authors: C
authors: Rohani
authors: Sedigheh
authors: S
authors: Khanjari
authors: Heidar-Ali
authors: HA
authors: Abedi
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Oskouie
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Langius-Eklöf
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012067:Religion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D029181:Spirituality; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult