title: Effect of three prophylaxis methods on surface roughness of giomer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plaque and stains are removed by prophylaxis methods from tooth surfaces. Since prophylaxis methods can have a detrimental effect on the surface finish of restorations, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of three prophylaxis methods, including pumice with rubber cup, pumice with brush, and air-powder polishing device (APD) on the surface roughness of giomer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty four cylindrical giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu) samples with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm were used. Subsequent to a 3-month period of storage in distilled water at 37°C, the samples were randomly divided into four groups of 16. In group 1 (control), no prophylaxis procedure was carried out. In groups 2 to 4 the samples were exposed to pumice with rubber cup, pumice with brush, and APD prophylaxis methods, respectively. The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a profilometer and the effect of different prophylaxis methods on surface topography was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences in surface roughness among the groups (P < 0.0005). Furthermore, in pairwise comparisons there were statistically significant differences between all the groups (P < 0.05). The roughest surfaces, in descending order, were observed with the use of APD, pumice with brush, and pumice with rubber cup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of different prophylaxis methods resulted in an increased surface roughness of giomer compared with the control group. APD prophylaxis exerted the most detrimental effects on the surface of giomer.
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tabriz, Iran. soodabehkimyai@yahoo.com
authors: Soodabeh
authors: S
authors: Kimyai
authors: Siavash
authors: S
authors: Savadi-Oskoee
authors: Amir-Ahmad
authors: AA
authors: Ajami
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Sadr
authors: Saeedeh
authors: S
authors: Asdagh
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C015897:glass ionomer; D012822:Silicon Dioxide