title: High thyrotrophin levels at end term increase the risk of breech presentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between maternal thyrotrophin (TSH) and breech presentation at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined data sets of two prospective studies to obtain adequate epidemiological power.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand and fifty-eight healthy pregnant women (58 breech, 1000 cephalic) and 131 women who presented in breech at an obstetrical outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal thyroid parameters [TSH, free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab)] and foetal presentation were assessed in both groups between 35 and 38 weeks gestation. Power calculations suggested that at least 148 breech cases were required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristics of the women in breech in both samples were similar. Women in breech (n = 58 + 131) had significantly higher TSH (but not FT4) than those (n = 1000) with cephalic presentation (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0·003). Different cut-offs were used to define high TSH in the 916 TPO-Ab-negative women with cephalic presentation: the 90th, 95th and 97·5th percentiles were 2·4 mIU/l (n = 149), 2·7 mIU/l (n = 77) and 3·2 mIU/l (n = 37). The prevalence rates of breech presentation in these women were all higher compared to the prevalence of breech in women below these cut-offs (df = 1, P < 0·01). The relative risk of the 149 women with a TSH >90th percentile (>2·4 mIU/l) to present in breech was 1·82 (95% CI: 1·30-2·56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with high TSH at end term are at risk for breech presentation. Substantial evidence for a relation between breech presentation and neurodevelopmental delay exists. As high TSH during gestation has also been linked to poor neurodevelopment, the relation between breech presentation and poor neurodevelopment might be thyroid-related.
authors: Deptartment of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Kooistra
authors: S M I
authors: SM
authors: Kuppens
authors: T H M
authors: TH
authors: Hasaart
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Vader
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: Wijnen
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Oei
authors: Victor J
authors: VJ
authors: Pop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001946:Breech Presentation / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D007746:Labor Presentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C056626:thyroid microsomal antibodies; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine