title: Analysis of plasmid diversity in 96 Rhodococcus equi strains isolated in Normandy (France) and sequencing of the 87-kb type I virulence plasmid.
abstract: To characterize the potential epidemiological relationship between the origin of Rhodococcus equi strains and the type of their virulence plasmids, we performed a comparative analysis of virulence plasmid types encountered in 96 R. equi strains isolated from (1) autopsied horses, (2) organic samples (horse faeces, manure and straw) and (3) environmental samples. Our results revealed no clear epidemiological link between virulence plasmid type and the origin of R. equi strains isolated from horse-related environments. To understand this result, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the second most frequently isolated virulence plasmid type: a 87-kb type I (pVAPA116) plasmid and compared it with the previously sequenced (and most commonly encountered) 85-kb type I (pVAPA1037) plasmid. Our results show that the divergence between these two plasmids is mainly due to the presence of three allelic exchange loci, resulting in the deletion of two genes and the insertion of three genes in pVAPA116 compared with pVAPA1037. In conclusion, it appears that the divergence between the two sequenced rhodococcal virulence plasmids is not associated with the vap pathogenicity island and may result from an evolutionary process driven by a mobility-related invertase/resolvase invA-like gene.
authors: Anses (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), Laboratoire de pathologie équine de Dozulé, Goustranville, France.
authors: Fabien
authors: F
authors: Duquesne
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Hébert
authors: Corinne
authors: C
authors: Sévin
authors: Marie-France
authors: MF
authors: Breuil
authors: Jackie
authors: J
authors: Tapprest
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Laugier
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: Petry
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005602:France; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006736:Horses; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016929:Rhodococcus equi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014774:Virulence