title: Effectiveness of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clozapine has been shown to be superior to chlorpromazine in improving the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, technical experience with clozapine in Indian patients has not been documented.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the improvement in psychopathology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia with clozapine therapy and to study the relationship between sociodemographic and various psychopathology variables among patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia, Calgary Depression Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). These scales were used to determine the level of psychopathology, depression, overall functioning and severity of abnormal involuntary movements in the patients. The patients were admitted to the hospital for a short time to initiate clozapine therapy. At discharge, patients were stabilized on 300-400 mg/day of clozapine. The patients were re-evaluated after 20 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group showed better global functioning after clozapine therapy. The therapy was well-tolerated though moderate side-effects were seen. Suicidal thoughts declined with clozapine therapy. There was a significant reduction in the negative symptom and general psychopathology scores of PANSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clozapine has therapeutic efficacy in some but not all treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia.
authors: Senior House Officer Department of Psychiatry, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Sheffield Care Trust, DN2 5LT, UK.
authors: Janakiraman
authors: J
authors: Raguraman
authors: K John
authors: KJ
authors: Vijay Sagar
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Chandrasekaran