title: Gender-specific differences in the clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a community-based Japanese population: results from Kochi RYOMA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical features. Although gender may be one of the important modifying factors in HCM, there has been little information on gender differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated gender-specific differences in the clinical features of HCM in a community-based Japanese population. We established cardiomyopathy registration in Kochi Prefecture named Kochi RYOMA study consisting of 9 hospitals as an unselected regional Japanese population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  261 patients with diagnosis of HCM were registered. At registration, 88 patients (34%) were women. Female patients were more frequently diagnosed as having HCM at ≥65 years (41% versus 27%) and had a higher ratio of familial HCM (35% versus 19%). More female patients had diagnosis of HCM due to cardiac symptoms (64% versus 40%) and were symptomatic both at diagnosis and at registration. Although the prevalence of atrial fibrillation was not different between males and females, embolic events occurred less frequently in female patients at registration than in male patients (2% versus 10%). In female patients, there were more obstructive HCM patients and fewer patients with apical HCM. Left ventricular and left atrial diameters were smaller and fractional shortening was higher in females than in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The manifestations of HCM in unselected Japanese patients differed in men and women, which suggest that hormonal, social, and genetic factors may influence the clinical presentation of HCM.
authors: Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Oko-cho, Nankoku-shi, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Kubo
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Kitaoka
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Okawa
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Hirota
authors: Kayo
authors: K
authors: Hayato
authors: Naohito
authors: N
authors: Yamasaki
authors: Yoshihisa
authors: Y
authors: Matsumura
authors: Toshikazu
authors: T
authors: Yabe
authors: Yoshinori L
authors: YL
authors: Doi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult