The emerging genetics of type 2 diabetes.
The elucidation of several genetic etiologies of both monogenic and polygenic type 2 diabetes (T2D) has revealed several key regulators of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in humans. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been instrumental in most of these recent discoveries. The T2D susceptibility genes identified so far are mainly involved in pancreatic beta-cell maturation or function. However, common DNA variants in those genes only explain approximately 10% of T2D heritability. The resequencing of whole exomes and whole genomes with next-generation technologies should identify additional genetic changes that contribute to the monogenic forms of diabetes and possibly provide novel clues to the genetic architecture of common adult T2D.
Bonnefond
Amélie
A
Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.
Froguel
Philippe
P
Vaxillaire
Martine
M
D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D007328:Insulin