title: Combination therapy with amlodipine/valsartan in essential hypertension: a 52-week, randomised, open-label, extension study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A majority of hypertensive patients require > or = 2 agents to achieve target blood pressure (BP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This 52-week, multicentre, open-label, randomised extension trial to a previously reported double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety and efficacy of amlodipine/valsartan (Aml/Val) combination. Patients who successfully completed the core study without serious drug-related adverse events (AEs) and mean sitting systolic BP (MSSBP)/mean sitting diastolic BP (MSDBP) < or = 150/95 mmHg were eligible to enter the extension and be treated with Aml/Val 2.5/80 or 5/80 mg. After 4 weeks of treatment, patients underwent force-titration to receive 5/160 mg (low dose) or 10/160 mg (high dose) for 48 weeks. Addition of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg was permitted if BP was > or = 140/90 mmHg at Week 8 or later. Patients could be down-titrated to the prior lower combination dose with or without HCTZ if an intolerable AE occurred. Safety evaluations included monitoring of AEs. Efficacy variables were change from baseline in MSDBP (primary) and MSSBP (secondary).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1246 patients randomised, 1075 (86.3%) completed the extension study. At week 52 end-point, change in MSSBP/MSDBP from core study baseline was -22.1/-17.2 mmHg for low-dose regimen and -22.8/-18.1 mmHg for high-dose regimen. For both regimens, reductions in BP were sustained over 52 weeks and mean BP maintained below approximately 135/85 mmHg at all visits. Frequent AEs in the low- and high-dose regimens were peripheral oedema (9.7% and 17.1% respectively), nasopharyngitis (8.1% and 7.2%), and dizziness (5.2% and 7.0%). Incidence of serious AEs was 3.7% with low dose and 4.1% with high dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of Aml/Val with the optional addition of HCTZ produced clinically significant and persistent reductions in BP over 52 weeks with a favourable tolerability profile.
authors: Mercy Health Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. timothy.smith@mercy.net
authors: T R
authors: TR
authors: Smith
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Glazer
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Koren
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wernsing
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068838:Amlodipine, Valsartan Drug Combination; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000068838:Amlodipine, Valsartan Drug Combination; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013777:Tetrazoles; D017311:Amlodipine