title: Inferior retrotympanum revisited: an endoscopic anatomic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the inferior retrotympanic anatomy from an endoscopic perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an anatomic study on a retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  During November 2009 and December 2009, videos from endoscopic middle ear procedures carried out between June 2007 and November 2009 and stored in our database were retrospectively reviewed. Surgeries in which the inferior retrotympanic region was visualized were included in the study. Accurate descriptions of the anatomic findings were made for each ear included in the study group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final study group consisted of 25 videos from 25 ear procedures. In 14/25 subjects, a bony ridge connecting the inferior portion of the styloid prominence to the anterior and inferior lip of the round window niche (Proctor's sustentaculum promontory) was identified and renamed the finiculus (from the Latin finis, -is: borderline), representing the ideal limit between the inferior retrotympanum and hypotympanum. In 14/25 patients, a complete sinus subtympanicus could be identified, lying between the subiculum and finiculus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic exploration of the middle ear might guarantee a very good exposure of the inferior retrotympanum, allowing detailed anatomic descriptions of this hidden area. Improvement in our knowledge of its anatomy might decrease the possibility of residual disease during cholesteatoma surgery.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Marchioni
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Alicandri-Ciufelli
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Piccinini
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Genovese
authors: Livio
authors: L
authors: Presutti
mesh_terms: D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D038781:Otoscopy; D012016:Reference Values; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000473:pathology; D014741:Video Recording