title: ADAM10 releases a soluble form of the GPNMB/Osteoactivin extracellular domain with angiogenic properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB)/Osteoactivin (OA) is a transmembrane protein expressed in approximately 40-75% of breast cancers. GPNMB/OA promotes the migration, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells; it is commonly expressed in basal/triple-negative breast tumors and is associated with shorter recurrence-free and overall survival times in patients with breast cancer. Thus, GPNMB/OA represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer; however, little is known about the functions of GPNMB/OA within the primary tumor microenvironment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have employed mouse and human breast cancer cells to investigate the effects of GPNMB/OA on tumor growth and angiogenesis. GPNMB/OA-expressing tumors display elevated endothelial recruitment and reduced apoptosis when compared to vector control-derived tumors. Primary human breast cancers characterized by high vascular density also display elevated levels of GPNMB/OA when compared to those with low vascular density. Using immunoblot and ELISA assays, we demonstrate the GPNMB/OA ectodomain is shed from the surface of breast cancer cells. Transient siRNA-mediated knockdown studies of known sheddases identified ADAM10 as the protease responsible for GPNMB/OA processing. Finally, we demonstrate that the shed extracellular domain (ECD) of GPNMB/OA can promote endothelial migration in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPNMB/OA expression promotes tumor growth, which is associated with enhanced endothelial recruitment. We identify ADAM10 as a sheddase capable of releasing the GPNMB/OA ectodomain from the surface of breast cancer cells, which induces endothelial cell migration. Thus, ectodomain shedding may serve as a novel mechanism by which GPNMB/OA promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer.
authors: Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: April A N
authors: AA
authors: Rose
authors: Matthew G
authors: MG
authors: Annis
authors: Zhifeng
authors: Z
authors: Dong
authors: Francois
authors: F
authors: Pepin
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hallett
authors: Morag
authors: M
authors: Park
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Siegel
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072197:ADAM10 Protein; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: C503042:GPNMB protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072197:ADAM10 Protein; C491236:ADAM10 protein, human