title: Are we any closer to beating the biofilm: novel methods of biofilm control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and management of biofilms has resulted from the growing appreciation of the role that biofilms play in modern medicine. Conventional antimicrobial agents are generally ineffective against biofilms, and as a result novel laboratory-based and clinical strategies have emerged. The purpose of this review is to analyse the recent literature relating to novel treatment strategies targeting the growing spectrum of clinically relevant biofilms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopy and molecular techniques have provided greater insights into identifying the key bacterial and fungal biofilm pathogens. Knowledge of these microorganisms has provided a foundation for the development of specific molecules, often microbial derived, with antimicrobial and/or biofilm disruptive properties, augmenting conventional antibiotics treatments. The validity of some such rationally designed therapeutics has been explored in clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biofilms are inherently difficult to treat, and mechanical disruption is the mainstay of clinical management. With scientific progress in molecular microbiology, there is an abundance of newly discovered molecules and pathways, providing novel therapeutic and prophylactic targets.
authors: Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK. g.ramage@dental.gla.ac.uk
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Ramage
authors: Shauna
authors: S
authors: Culshaw
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Jones
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D057785:Catheters / Q000382:microbiology; D020878:Device Removal; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents