title: Bile duct ligation in developing rats: temporal progression of liver, kidney, and brain damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholestatic liver disease may result in progressive end-stage liver disease and other extrahepatic complications. We explored the temporal progression of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestasis in developing rats, focusing on brain cognition and liver and kidney pathology, to elucidate whether these findings were associated with asymmetric dimethylarginine and oxidative stress alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of young male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: one group underwent laparotomy (sham), another group underwent laparotomy and BDL for 2 weeks (BDL2), and a third group underwent laparotomy and BDL for 4 weeks (BDL4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of BDL on liver was represented by transforming growth factor beta1 levels and histology activity index scores, which were worse in the BDL4 rats than in the BDL2 rats. BDL4 rats also exhibited more severe spatial memory deficits than BDL2 rats. In addition, renal injury was more progressive in BDL4 rats than in BDL2 rats because BDL4 rats displayed higher Cr levels, elevated tubulointerstitial injury scores, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and symmetric dimethylarginine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the fact that young BDL rats exhibit similar trends of progression of liver, kidney, and brain damage. Further studies are needed to better delineate the nature of progression of organ damage in young cholestatic rats.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
authors: Jiunn-Ming
authors: JM
authors: Sheen
authors: Li-Tung
authors: LT
authors: Huang
authors: Chih-Sung
authors: CS
authors: Hsieh
authors: Chih-Cheng
authors: CC
authors: Chen
authors: Jia-Yi
authors: JY
authors: Wang
authors: You-Lin
authors: YL
authors: Tain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007813:Laparotomy; D008026:Ligation; D054834:Lipocalins; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D054834:Lipocalins; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine