title: High levels of expression of human stromal cell-derived factor-1 are associated with worse prognosis in patients with stage II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor, CXCR4, have been shown to mediate invasiveness and metastatic behavior in a number of cancers, including ovarian, prostate, bladder, breast, and pancreatic cancers. The expression and significance of SDF-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) have not been systematically studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of SDF-1 by immunohistochemistry using a mouse anti-human SDF-1/CXCL12 antibody (dilution 1:300) and a tissue microarray consisting of 72 stage II PDAs from pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens. The staining results were categorized as SDF-1-high (SDF-1-H; cytoplasmic staining of ≥10% of tumor cells) or SDF-1-low (SDF-1-L; no staining or staining of <10% of tumor cells). The results of SDF-1 expression were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 72 stage II PDAs, 25 (35%) showed high levels of SDF-1 expression. The median overall and recurrence-free survival for patients with SDF-1-H PDAs were 26.1 and 11.1 months, respectively, compared with 44.3 and 22.3 months for patients with SDF-1-L tumors (log-rank test, P = 0.047 and P = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, high SDF-1 expression correlated with poor overall and disease-free survival (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02) independent of tumor size, differentiation, and lymph node status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of SDF-1 expression were associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in patients with stage II PDA. SDF-1 may serve as a useful prognostic marker for stage II PDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that SDF-1-CXCR4 or SDF-1-CXCR7 pathways may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention as well as prediction of prognosis in PDA.
authors: Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA. jliang1@hmc.psu.edu
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Liang
authors: Shaobo
authors: S
authors: Zhu
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Bruggeman
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Zaino
authors: Douglas B
authors: DB
authors: Evans
authors: Jason B
authors: JB
authors: Fleming
authors: Henry F
authors: HF
authors: Gomez
authors: Dani S
authors: DS
authors: Zander
authors: Huamin
authors: H
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12