title: [Therapeutic alternatives for antihistamine-refractory urticaria].
abstract: Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria, the most frequent non-acute form of urticaria, generally exhibit a clinical picture of persistent disease, a high degree of disease activity, considerable impairment of quality of life, and poor response to treatment. More than half of the patients continue to develop symptoms despite standard therapy with non-sedating antihistamines. In these cases, the antihistamine dose should be increased (up to four times the daily dose). If this approach also does not result in symptom control, the high-dose antihistamine should be combined with a leukotriene antagonist and if necessary an H2 blocker. If the patient does not respond to this combination therapy, cyclosporin A, dapsone, or omalizumab should be administered.
authors: Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Allergie-Centrum-Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin. marcus.maurer@charite.de
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Maurer
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Altrichter
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Ardelean
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Krause
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Magerl
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Metz
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Siebenhaar
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Weller
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Zuberbier
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006633:Histamine Antagonists