title: Accelerated solvent extraction of lignin from Aleurites moluccana (Candlenut) nutshells.
abstract: Lignin from candlenut shells was isolated using an ethanol-water accelerated solvent extraction method. Yields (based on Klason lignin) increased from about 14 to 33% as temperature increased from 100 to 195 °C and were also influenced by the amount of aqueous acid used to precipitate lignin from the extraction liquor. These yields were higher than could be obtained using a conventional dioxane-water acidolysis method. The resulting lignin was characterized by IR, 31P NMR, and 1H-13C HMQC NMR spectroscopic techniques. The lignin contained predominantly guaiacyl units, and both the total hydroxyl group content and phenolic hydroxyl group content were high.
authors: Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
authors: Andrew P
authors: AP
authors: Klein
authors: Evan S
authors: ES
authors: Beach
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Emerson
authors: Julie B
authors: JB
authors: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D031284:Aleurites / Q000737:chemistry*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000191:economics; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000191:economics; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012997:Solvents; D008031:Lignin