title: Effects of enrofloxacin, flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone on disseminated intravascular coagulation, cytokine levels and adenosine deaminase activity in endotoxaemia in rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of drugs used in the treatment of endotoxaemia on disseminated intravascular coagulation, cytokine levels and adenosine deaminase activities in endotoxaemic rats. Rats were divided into seven groups. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into all groups, including the positive control group. The other six groups received the following drugs: enrofloxacin (ENR), flunixin meglumine (FM), low-dose dexamethasone (DEX), high-dose DEX, ENR + FM + low-dose DEX, and ENR + FM + high-dose DEX. After the treatments, serum and plasma samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours (h). A coagulometer was used to determine the levels of coagulation values, while ELISA was used to assay serum cytokines and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Low-dose DEX alone and combined treatments depressed the levels of cytokines and ADA (from 371 to 70 IU/L at 6 h) significantly and inhibited the decrease of coagulation values (antithrombin from 67 to 140% at 6 h, fibrinogen from 54 to 252 mg/dL at 6 h). In summary, FM + high-dose DEX may be the preferred treatment of endotoxaemia because of its highest effectiveness. FM plus high-dose DEX may be a new therapy for endotoxaemic domestic animals.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031 Campus, Konya, Turkey. eyazar@selcuk.edu.tr
authors: Enver
authors: E
authors: Yazar
authors: Aziz
authors: A
authors: Bulbul
authors: Gulcan Erbil
authors: GE
authors: Avci
authors: Ayse
authors: A
authors: Er
authors: Kamil
authors: K
authors: Uney
authors: Muammer
authors: M
authors: Elmas
authors: Bunyamin
authors: B
authors: Tras
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003002:Clonixin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D003907:Dexamethasone; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D003002:Clonixin