title: ABC efflux transporters in brain vasculature of Alzheimer's subjects.
abstract: Multidrug efflux transporters of the ATP-Binding cassette (ABC) family, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug-resistance associated protein 4 (MRP4) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), located on endothelial cells lining brain vasculature play important roles in limiting movement of substances into and enhancing their efflux from the brain. Signals from the surrounding brain normally maintain such barrier function but these may become altered in CNS pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported decreases in the glucose transporter, Glut-1, in brain vasculature of AD patients. The present study investigates the status of the multidrug efflux transporters. Sections of frozen brain from hippocampal region obtained from male AD and age-matched non-demented cases were examined for amyloid plaques and Dkk-1 expression and subjected to dual fluorescence immunochemical staining using antibodies against Pgp, BCRP or MRP4 and von Willebrand factor. Protein expression of each transporter was assessed using confocal microscopy, quantifying peak fluorescence values of cross sectional profiles across brain microvessels. Results in brain microvessels revealed expression of Pgp protein to be significantly lower in hippocampal vessels of patients with AD compared to normal individuals whereas that of MRP4 or BCRP protein was not. By contrast, analysis of the sections at protein level via Western blotting or at transcript level by qRT-PCR did not reveal significantly lower expression for either Pgp or BCRP. Such analysis did however reveal higher than normal expression in the AD brains of MRP4, probably due to gliosis, MRP4 being present also in glial cells.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
authors: Hasini C
authors: HC
authors: Wijesuriya
authors: Jocelyn Y
authors: JY
authors: Bullock
authors: Richard L M
authors: RL
authors: Faull
authors: Stephen B
authors: SB
authors: Hladky
authors: Margery A
authors: MA
authors: Barrand
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000473:pathology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000682:Amyloid; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; C073492:ABCC4 protein, human; C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; C501126:DKK1 protein, human