title: TiO2(B) nanoribbons as negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries with high rate performance.
abstract: Nanosized TiO(2)(B) has been investigated as a possible candidate to replace Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) or graphite as the negative electrode for a Li-ion battery. Nanoribbon precursors, classically synthesized in autogenous conditions at temperatures higher than 170 °C in alkaline medium, have been obtained, under reflux (T ∼ 120 °C, P = 1 bar). After ionic exchange, these nanoribbons exhibit a surface area of 140 m(2) g(-1), larger than those obtained under autogenous conditions or by solid state chemistry. These nanoparticles transform after annealing to isomorphic titanium dioxide. They mainly crystallize as the TiO(2)(B) variety with only 5% of anatase. This quantification of the anatase/TiO(2)(B) ratio was deduced from Raman spectroscopy measurement. TEM analysis highlights the excellent crystallinity of the nanosized TiO(2)(B), crystallizing as 6 nm thin nanoribbons. These characteristics are essential in lithium batteries for a fast lithium ion solid state diffusion into the active material. In lithium batteries, the TiO(2)(B) nanoribbons exhibit a good capacity and an excellent rate capability (reversible capacity of 200 mA h g(-1) at C/3 rate (111 mA g(-1)), 100 mA h g(-1) at 15C rate (5030 mA g(-1)) for a 50% carbon black loaded electrode). The electrode formulation study highlights the importance of the electronic and ionic connection around the active particles. The cycleability of the nano-TiO(2)(B) is another interesting point with a capacity loss of 5% only, over 500 cycles at 3C.
authors: Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2, rue de la Houssinière BP32229, F44322 Nantes Cedex, France.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Beuvier
authors: Mireille
authors: M
authors: Richard-Plouet
authors: Maryline
authors: M
authors: Mancini-Le Granvalet
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Brousse
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Crosnier
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Brohan