title: Serum magnesium, ambulatory blood pressure, and carotid artery alteration: the Ohasama study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the associations of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and serum magnesium level (sMg) with risk of carotid artery alteration in a general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  sMg and ABP, monitored every 30 min, were measured in 728 subjects (mean age, 67 years) from the Japanese general population. The extent of carotid artery alteration was evaluated according to mean common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the presence of focal carotid plaque. To determine the association of sMg and carotid artery alteration, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (for adjusted mean IMT) or multiple logistic regression analysis (for odds ratio (OR) for the presence of carotid plaques) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower sMg was significantly associated with mean IMT (P = 0.004) and risk of ≥2 carotid plaques (P = 0.03) after adjusting for possible confounding factors, including 24-h ABP (systolic), creatinine clearance (Ccr) (estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation), and serum minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus). Even when 24-h ABP values were within normal range (<130/80 mm Hg), lower sMg levels (<2.2 mg/dl) were significantly associated with mean IMT (P = 0.007) and risk of ≥2 carotid plaques (OR, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-3.85; P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both 24-h ABP and lower sMg were closely and independently associated with risk of carotid artery alteration. Further investigations are needed to examine the relationship between sMg levels and the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Takanao
authors: T
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Azusa
authors: A
authors: Hara
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Ohkubo
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kikuya
authors: Yoriko
authors: Y
authors: Shintani
authors: Hirohito
authors: H
authors: Metoki
authors: Ryusuke
authors: R
authors: Inoue
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Asayama
authors: Atsuhiro
authors: A
authors: Kanno
authors: Manami
authors: M
authors: Nakashita
authors: Shiho
authors: S
authors: Terata
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Obara
authors: Takuo
authors: T
authors: Hirose
authors: Haruhisa
authors: H
authors: Hoshi
authors: Kazuhito
authors: K
authors: Totsune
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Satoh
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Imai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium