Gestational diabetes and gestational impaired glucose tolerance in 1653 teenage pregnancies: prevalence, risk factors and pregnancy outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) in adolescent pregnancies, associated risk factors, and pregnancy complications.


METHODS
Retrospective study.


METHODS
Community-based teaching hospital.


METHODS
Results of 1653 pregnant women age ≤ 19 years in 2005-2007 were reviewed.


METHODS
All pregnant women screened with 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) and patients with a GCT result ≥ 140 mg/dl underwent a 3-hour 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).


METHODS
GDM was diagnosed with at least two abnormal results and GIGT was diagnosed with one abnormal result. GDM and GIGT cases were evaluated for the presence of any associated risk factors and effects of presence of risk factors on pregnancy outcomes.


RESULTS
The prevalence of GDM was 0.85% (95% CI, 0.41-1.29), GIGT was 0.5% (95% CI, 0.15-0.81) and GDM+GIGT was 1.35% (95% CI, 0.78-1.88) by Carpenter and Coustan criteria. 68% of patients had at least one of the risk factors including body mass index ≥ 25, family history of diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Only 9.1% (n = 2) of them required insulin for glucose regulation during pregnancy with 9.1% (n = 2) macrosomia rate. All patients were primiparous and cesarean delivery rate was 27.3% (n = 6). We could not find any effect of presence of risk factors on pregnancy outcomes in GDM and GIGT cases.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that GDM and GIGT are strongly associated with high BMI before pregnancy, PCOS, and family history of diabetes. Since GDM is a state of prediabetes, it is important to diagnose in adolescent pregnancies considering their life expectancy to take preventive measures to avoid diabetes mellitus.
Karcaaltincaba
Deniz
D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Hospital, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. denizaltincaba@yahoo.com
Buyukkaragoz
Bahar
B
Kandemir
Omer
O
Yalvac
Serdar
S
Kıykac-Altınbaş
Sadiman
S
Haberal
Ali
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult