title: Cognitive decline following major surgery is associated with gliosis, β-amyloid accumulation, and τ phosphorylation in old mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elderly patients undergoing major surgery often develop cognitive dysfunction and the mechanism of this postoperative complication remains elusive. We sought to determine whether postoperative cognitive dysfunction in old mice is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital-based research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and twenty C57BL/6 14-mo-old male mice (weighing 30-40 g).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice received intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle or Celastrol (a potent anti-inflammatory compound) for 3 days before undergoing sham surgery or partial hepatectomy, on the surgery day, and for a further 4 days after surgery. Cognitive function, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and pathologic markers of Alzheimer's disease were assessed 1 day after surgery day 1, 3, or 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive impairment following surgery was associated with the appearance of certain pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease: microgliosis, astrogliosis, enhanced transcriptional and translational activity of β-amyloid precursor protein, β-amyloid production, and τ protein hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus. Surgery-induced changes in cognitive dysfunction were prevented by the administration of Celastrol as were changes in β-amyloid and τ processing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that surgery can provoke astrogliosis, β-amyloid accumulation, and τ phosphorylation in old subjects, which is likely to be associated with the cognitive decline seen in postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yanjie
authors: Y
authors: Wan
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Fanzhen
authors: F
authors: Meng
authors: Yuhua
authors: Y
authors: Bao
authors: Yeying
authors: Y
authors: Ge
authors: Niyati
authors: N
authors: Lobo
authors: Marcela P
authors: MP
authors: Vizcaychipi
authors: Denghai
authors: D
authors: Zhang
authors: Steve M
authors: SM
authors: Gentleman
authors: Mervyn
authors: M
authors: Maze
authors: Daqing
authors: D
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005911:Gliosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D016875:tau Proteins