title: Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the single-file ProTaper F2 technique under reciprocating movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the amount of dentin debris extruded from the apical foramen by comparing the conventional sequence of the ProTaper Universal nickel-titanium (NiTi) files with the single-file ProTaper F2 technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty mesial roots of lower molars were selected, and the use of different instrumentation techniques resulted in 3 groups (n=10 each). In G1, a crown-down hand-file technique was used, and in G2 conventional ProTaper Universal technique was used. In G3, ProTaper F2 file was used in a reciprocating motion. The apical finish preparation was equivalent to ISO size 25. An apparatus was used to evaluate the apically extruded debris. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found in the amount of the debris extruded between the conventional sequence of the ProTaper Universal NiTi files and the single-file ProTaper F2 technique (P>.05). In contrast, the hand instrumentation group extruded significantly more debris than both NiTi groups (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results yielded favorable input for the F2 single-file technique in terms of apically extruded debris, inasmuch as it is the most simple and cost-effective instrumentation approach.
authors: Department of Endodontics, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. endogus@gmail.com
authors: Gustavo
authors: G
authors: De-Deus
authors: Maria Claudia
authors: MC
authors: Brandão
authors: Bianca
authors: B
authors: Barino
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Di Giorgi
authors: Rivail Antonio Sergio
authors: RA
authors: Fidel
authors: Aderval Severino
authors: AS
authors: Luna
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D019227:Tooth Apex