title: Sonourethrogram to manage adolescent anterior urethral stricture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate measurement of anterior urethral stricture length is critical to determine the appropriate surgical approach. Retrograde urethrogram is often used to determine stricture location and length. However, the adult literature shows that retrograde urethrogram may underestimate stricture length. We investigated the role of sonographic urethrogram in the preoperative evaluation of adolescent urethral stricture disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2008 and February 2009 we retrospectively evaluated 12 pediatric patients with urethral stricture disease using retrograde and sonographic urethrogram. Stricture length was categorized by 2 radiologists as I-less than 1, II-1 to 3 and III-greater than 3 cm. On sonographic urethrogram stricture length was measured as the longest extent of the urethral abnormality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 16.9 years (range 9.5 to 20.8). Retrograde urethrogram classified 7 cases as category I, 4 as category II and none as category III stricture, and 1 with no evidence of stricture. Sonographic urethrogram revealed strictures greater than 1 cm in all 7 category I cases and 2 of the 4 category II cases had strictures longer than 3 cm. One patient in whom retrograde urethrogram showed a category II stricture was stricture-free on sonographic urethrogram. One patient with a negative retrograde urethrogram had a stricture on sonographic urethrogram. Sonographic urethrogram upgraded stricture length in 10 of the 12 patients and outperformed retrograde urethrogram in 11.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic urethrogram is effective for evaluating adolescent urethral stricture disease. It may provide more accurate measurement of stricture length and improve preoperative planning.
authors: Department of Urology and Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: Edward M
authors: EM
authors: Gong
authors: Claudia Martinez Rios
authors: CM
authors: Arellano
authors: Jeanne S
authors: JS
authors: Chow
authors: Richard S
authors: RS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult