title: Reliability of a photographic method for assessing standing posture of elementary school students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high prevalence of poor standing posture among elementary schoolchildren indicates the need for the introduction of school-based interventions for improvement of postural alignments. For assessing the effect of intervention programs, reliable quantitative measures of standing posture should be used. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of a photographic method for assessment of standing posture among elementary schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 273 male students between 10 and 13 years old. Each subject was photographed in habitual standing posture, 3 times in a front view and 3 times in a side view. Deviations from ideal postural alignment were calculated with Posture Image Analyzer software and UTHSCSA ImageTool software. Interitem reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraclass correlation coefficients for posture deviations assessed with Posture Image Analyzer ranged from 0.81 for knee joints deviation and ankle joints deviation in the coronal plane to 0.92 for trunk deviation and knee joints deviation in the sagittal plane. Intraclass correlation coefficients for posture deviations assessed with UTHSCSA ImageTool ranged from 0.80 for knee joints deviation in the coronal plane to 0.91 for trunk deviation and knee joints deviation in the sagittal plane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a satisfactory interitem reliability of a photographic method for the assessment of standing posture among elementary schoolchildren.
authors: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Pausić
authors: Zeljko
authors: Z
authors: Pedisić
authors: Drazan
authors: D
authors: Dizdar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography / Q000592:standards*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software