title: Reduction of interstitial cells of Cajal in esophageal atresia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postrepair esophageal dysmotility and gastroesophageal reflux are well-known consequences in patients with congenital esophageal atresia (EA) with or without distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), considered the intestinal pacemaker, are altered in congenital diseases with abnormal peristalsis, but no data are available for EA. Therefore, presence and maturation of ICC was verified in EA-TEF newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen full-term neonates underwent repair of EA-TEF. Control specimens were from 10 newborns who died of nonesophageal diseases. Specimens from upper pouch, fistula, proximal, and distal esophagus were processed for hematoxylin and eosin, c-kit immunohistochemistry for ICC identification, and transmission electron microscopy. Frequency of c-kit-positive cells was evaluated in 20 fields per slide using a visual score (absent, very low, low, medium, high, very high). Morphocytometry and statistical analysis were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the proximal normal esophagus, ICC frequency was very high (3 cases), high (5), and medium (2); distally, it was high (4) and medium (6). In EA-TEF upper pouch, it was high (2) and medium (13); in the fistula, it was medium (5), low (6), very low (3), and absent (1). Morphocytometry confirmed these results. Comparison between pouch and fistula versus proximal and lower esophagus, respectively, showed statistically significant differences. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated ICC immaturity in EA-TEF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant lower ICC density in EA-TEF is in favor for the pathogenesis of esophageal dysmotility frequently observed in such patients.
authors: Division of Paediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Italy. midrio@pediatria.unipd.it
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Midrio
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Alaggio
authors: Aleksandra
authors: A
authors: Strojna
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Gamba
authors: Luciano
authors: L
authors: Giacomelli
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Pizzi
authors: Maria Simonetta
authors: MS
authors: Faussone-Pellegrini
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D056885:Interstitial Cells of Cajal / Q000473:pathology*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*