Pathologic T0N1 esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery: an orphan status.
BACKGROUND
Patients with esophageal carcinoma who appear to have a complete response at the primary tumor site after undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy may still have residual disease in regional lymph nodes despite clinically negative restaging (ypT0N1). We hypothesized that these patients would have similar survival to patients with incomplete response to therapy.


METHODS
We reviewed 336 esophageal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by complete resection. We identified 20 patients who obtained complete pathologic response at the primary tumor with persistent metastatic disease to regional lymph nodes (ypT0N1). These patients were compared to 123 patients with pathologic complete response and 193 with partial response for overall survival.


RESULTS
Demographics among the three groups of patients were similar except that this cohort of patients with ypT0N1 had higher initial clinical stage (p = 0.013) and had more squamous cell carcinoma pathology (p = 0.005). Eighty-six percent of the ypT0N1 patients who had modern preoperative staging were felt to have clinical complete response. Five-year survival of ypT0N1 patients was intermediate, similar to pathologic partial response stage II patients in both the sixth and seventh editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinical staging of complete response to chemoradiotherapy may not translate to pathologic complete response. Patients with ypT0N1 disease at resection have intermediate but reasonable survival, justifying an aggressive approach to curative therapy. Future revisions of the staging system should place this group of patients with patients who have metastatic regional lymph nodes, stratified by number of nodes involved.
Kim
Min P
MP
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Correa
Arlene M
AM
Lee
Jared
J
Rice
David C
DC
Roth
Jack A
JA
Mehran
Reza J
RJ
Walsh
Garrett L
GL
Ajani
Jaffer A
JA
Maru
Dipen M
DM
Chang
Joe Y
JY
Marom
Edith M
EM
Macapinlac
Homer A
HA
Lee
Jeff H
JH
Vaporciyan
Ara A
AA
Rice
Thomas
T
Swisher
Stephen G
SG
Hofstetter
Wayne L
WL
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies