Chronic viral hepatitis and chronic kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide over the past few decades because of the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and elderly individuals in most countries. Chronic viral hepatitis (due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) also poses significant morbidity and mortality globally. Both these viruses can cause CKD and these infections can occur as a consequence of CKD management. CKD patients acquiring HBV or HCV infection have higher morbidity and mortality rates, and the management of these infections among CKD patients with antiviral agents is associated with high rates of adverse effects. The optimal management of CKD associated with HBV and HCV is not well defined because of insufficient data from clinical trials. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and management issues related to chronic viral hepatitis and CKD.
Chacko
Elias C
EC
Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Surrun
Soondal Koomar
SK
Mubarack Sani
T P
TP
Pappachan
Joseph M
JM
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000821:virology*
D000998:Antiviral Agents