title: Ionized calcium concentrations in cats with septic peritonitis: 55 cases (1990-2008).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the prevalence of ionized hypocalcemia (iHCa) in cats with septic peritonitis, and to determine whether hypocalcemic cats had increased morbidity and mortality when compared with normocalcemic cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five client-owned cats with septic peritonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 55 cats with confirmed septic peritonitis meeting the study inclusion criteria were reviewed. Information obtained included signalment, cause of peritonitis, length of hospitalization (LOH), length of ICU stay, and outcome. Results from serum biochemical analysis, blood gas analysis, and coagulation testing from the time of diagnosis, and all ionized calcium (iCa) measurements during hospitalization were recorded. Systolic blood pressure, the presence of arrhythmias and administration of vasopressor agents, blood products, and sodium bicarbonate were documented. iCa concentration at the time of diagnosis and lowest recorded value during hospitalization were compared with LOH and length of ICU stay, survival to hospital discharge, and clinical and clinicopathologic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  iHCa (iCa<1.20 mmol/L) was found in 89% of cats (49/55) at the time of diagnosis of septic peritonitis and 93% (51/55) at any time during hospitalization. There was no association between the presence or severity of iHCa at diagnosis and survival to hospital discharge. LOH (P=0.046) and duration of ICU stay (P=0.026) were significantly correlated with the lowest iCa recorded during hospitalization. Failure to normalize iCa during hospitalization was associated with a decreased survival rate to discharge (P=0.029) in patients with iHCa. iHCa was not associated with an increased prevalence of hypotension, coagulopathy, arrhythmias, or evaluated therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  iHCa is more prevalent in cats with septic peritonitis than described previously. Failure of iCa to normalize during hospitalization may be a negative prognostic indicator. iHCa may be predictive of a longer LOH and ICU stay, but is not necessarily associated with a poorer prognosis.
authors: Section of Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. lkellettgregory@gmail.com
authors: Lindsay M
authors: LM
authors: Kellett-Gregory
authors: Elise
authors: E
authors: Mittleman Boller
authors: Dorothy C
authors: DC
authors: Brown
authors: Deborah C
authors: DC
authors: Silverstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000662:veterinary; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium