title: Vein tissue expression of matrix metalloproteinase as biomarker for hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula maturation.
abstract: Failure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation is attributed to impaired vein remodeling. The purpose of this study is to identify whether vein matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity is associated with AVF maturation. Patients with renal insufficiency undergoing surgery had their vein segments harvested and snap-frozen at time of AVF construction. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), tissue inhibitor of metallopreoteinases type 2 (TIMP-2), and TIMP-4 were measured using zymography and Western blotting techniques. Of 14 patients enrolled, 9 had successful maturation and 5 had failure of AVF maturation. Significantly higher levels of MT1-MMP (an MMP-2 activator; P = .01), TIMP-2 (an MMP-2 inhibitor; P = .03), MMP-2 latent (P = .02), and MMP-2 total (P = .03) were associated with AVF maturation. There was a trend toward higher levels of TIMP-4 in the successful group (P = .18). These data demonstrate a positive relationship between MMP-2 expression in veins and AVF maturation. MMP-2 could serve as a potential preoperative marker to predict maturation.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. EugeneS.Lee@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors: Eugene S
authors: ES
authors: Lee
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Shen
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Pitts
authors: Mingzhang
authors: M
authors: Guo
authors: Mack H
authors: MH
authors: Wu
authors: Sarah Y
authors: SY
authors: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002140:California; D006801:Humans; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000032:analysis*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000201:enzymology / Q000601:surgery; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; C507086:MMP14 protein, human