Efficacy of an intervention for fatigue and sleep disturbance during cancer chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND
Multiple complex symptoms from cancer treatment can interfere with functioning.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of an "energy and sleep enhancement" (EASE) intervention to relieve fatigue and sleep disturbance and improve health-related functional status.


METHODS
Individuals receiving chemotherapy (CTX) were randomized to the EASE (n=153) or a control intervention (n=139). The EASE intervention included information and behavioral skills taught by an oncology nurse in three telephone sessions. The primary outcomes of fatigue, sleep disturbance, and functional status were measured before CTX, Day 4 after first treatment (baseline), and 43-46 or 57-60 days later (follow-up), depending on the CTX cycle length.


RESULTS
The sample was primarily female (82%) and non-Hispanic white (89%), with mean age of 53.9 years. Fatigue and patient-reported sleep disturbance were elevated in both groups at baseline and follow-up. Actigraphy revealed that the total sleep time was almost eight hours, and sleep percent was greater than 85% for both groups at both time points (normal range). Physical functioning was diminished and at the same level as a sample with serious illness. Mental functioning was in normal range. A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant group-by-time effects for fatigue, sleep disturbance, or functional status. Unemployed individuals showed greater benefit from the EASE intervention, reporting less pain and symptom interference.


CONCLUSIONS
Potential explanations include high variability and/or floor effect for fatigue, incorrect timing of measures, insufficient amount or dose of the intervention, and confounding effects of gender. Future research should consider screening for symptom severity and tailoring interventions.
Barsevick
Andrea
A
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19012, USA. Andrea.Barsevick@fccc.edu
Beck
Susan L
SL
Dudley
William N
WN
Wong
Bob
B
Berger
Ann M
AM
Whitmer
Kyra
K
Newhall
Tracey
T
Brown
Susan
S
Stewart
Katie
K
D056044:Actigraphy; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*