title: Late-phase detection of recent myocardial ischaemia using ultrasound molecular imaging targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  in this study, we attempted to detect a recent myocardial ischaemic event using ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) with microbubbles (MB) targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the late phase of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  we created a myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion model in 60 C57/BL male mice to simulate an angina attack (ischaemia for 15 min, reperfusion for 1-24 h). The degree of myocardial inflammation and levels of ICAM-1 protein were determined by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. UMI with MB targeted to endothelial ICAM-1, as well as routine non-invasive methods including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and plasma troponin I levels, were utilized to evaluate ischaemia over the time course of reperfusion. Levels of ICAM-1 in the vascular endothelium were significantly increased over the time course of reperfusion (8-24 h) of the ischaemic myocardium. The video intensity of ICAM-1 molecular images of the ischaemic anterior wall was almost three times greater than that in the non-ischaemic posterior wall during the late phase (8-24 h) of reperfusion. In contrast, routine methods yielded only weak evidence of ischaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UMI with MB targeted to endothelial ICAM-1 provides reliable evidence of a recent myocardial ischaemic event in the late phase of reperfusion.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Yan
authors: Yulin
authors: Y
authors: Liao
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Juefei
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Wanling
authors: W
authors: Xuan
authors: Lijing
authors: L
authors: Ji
authors: Qiaobing
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Yili
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Bin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D045423:Microbubbles; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009336:Necrosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C090509:Icam1 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1