title: Early Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Neutropenic Patients. Comparison between Serum Galactomannan and Polymerase Chain Reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in profoundly neutropenic patients, so early diagnosis is mandatory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Consecutive patients with hematological malignancies undergoing intensive chemotherapy were screened for IA with two different methods which were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2000 to August 2003 we tested 1311 serum samples from 172 consecutive patients with a polymerase chain reaction assay and between April 2005 and April 2008 we tested 806 serum samples from 169 consecutive patients with a Galactomannan (GM) test. Bronchoalveolar (BAL) samples were obtained whenever the patient's condition allowed and tested with either method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum PCR assay had a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 91.9% and the serum GM assay had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 93.1%, (P > 0.05). The presence of two or more consecutive positive serum samples was predictive of IA for both assays. BAL GM/PCR was positive in some patients without serum positivity and in patients with 2 or more positive serum GM/PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences between the 2 serum tests were found. The GM assay has the advantage of being standardized among several laboratories and is incorporated in the criteria established by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG), however is much more expensive. BAL GM and PCR sampling aids in IA diagnosis but needs further validation studies to differentiate between colonization and true infection in cases where serum GM or PCR are negative.
authors: Serviço de Hematologia.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Lopes da Silva
authors: Patrícia
authors: P
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Natacha
authors: N
authors: Abreu
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Ferreira
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Fernandes
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Monteiro
authors: Fátima
authors: F
authors: Costa
authors: Joana
authors: J
authors: Caldas
authors: Madalena
authors: M
authors: Silva
authors: Luísa
authors: L
authors: Carande
authors: Gilda
authors: G
authors: Ferreira
authors: António
authors: A
authors: Conduto
authors: Ernesto
authors: E
authors: Cruz
authors: Maria Henrique
authors: MH
authors: Sousa
authors: António Silva
authors: AS
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Costa
authors: Joana
authors: J
authors: Veiga
authors: Aida Botelho
authors: AB
authors: de Sousa