Oxidative stress-mediated hemolytic activity of solvent exchange-prepared fullerene (C60) nanoparticles.
The present study investigated the hemolytic properties of fullerene (C(60)) nanoparticles prepared by solvent exchange using tetrahydrofuran (nC(60)THF), or by mechanochemically assisted complexation with macrocyclic oligosaccharide gamma-cyclodextrin (nC(60)CDX) or the copolymer ethylene vinyl acetate-ethylene vinyl versatate (nC(60)EVA-EVV). The spectrophotometrical analysis of hemoglobin release revealed that only nC(60)THF, but not nC(60)CDX or nC(60)EVA-EVV, was able to cause lysis of human erythrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atomic force microscopy revealed that nC(60)THF-mediated hemolysis was preceded by erythrocyte shrinkage and increase in cell surface roughness. A flow cytometric analysis confirmed a decrease in erythrocyte size and demonstrated a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production in red blood cells exposed to nC(60)THF. The nC(60)THF-triggered hemolytic activity was efficiently reduced by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole, as well as by serum albumin, the most abundant protein in human blood plasma. These data indicate that nC(60)THF can cause serum albumin-preventable hemolysis through oxidative stress-mediated damage of the erythrocyte membrane.
Trpkovic
Andreja
A
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Todorovic-Markovic
Biljana
B
Kleut
Duska
D
Misirkic
Maja
M
Janjetovic
Kristina
K
Vucicevic
Ljubica
L
Pantovic
Aleksandar
A
Jovanovic
Svetlana
S
Dramicanin
Miroslav
M
Markovic
Zoran
Z
Trajkovic
Vladimir
V
D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005663:Furans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
D037741:Fullerenes; D005663:Furans; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012709:Serum Albumin; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; C016438:ethylenevinylacetate copolymer; C018674:tetrahydrofuran; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin