Partner, workplace, and stranger abuse during pregnancy in Germany.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence, perpetrators, sociodemographic correlates, and health impacts of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse during pregnancy among women attending a maternity ward in Germany.


METHODS
A written questionnaire was given to pregnant women in a maternity ward of a university hospital in Munich. Abuse during pregnancy was assessed using the Abuse Assessment Screen.


RESULTS
Of 552 women, 401 completed the questionnaire for a response rate of 72.6%. The prevalence of psychological, physical, or sexual abuse during pregnancy by any perpetrator was 6.7% (n = 27); the main perpetrators were women's partners and work colleagues. After controlling for the effect of age, psychological, physical, or sexual abuse during pregnancy was significantly associated with a history of abuse, low education level of the woman and the father of her child, short relationship duration, unintended pregnancy, financial problems caused by the pregnancy, having more than 3 children, and insufficient social support. Women who reported abuse during pregnancy were significantly more likely to smoke and to have adverse maternal health outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychological, physical, or sexual abuse during pregnancy was experienced by 1 in 15 women who attended a maternity ward in Munich and adversely affected maternal health outcomes.
Stöckl
Heidi
H
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London, UK. heidi.stoeckl@lshtm.ac.uk
Hertlein
Linda
L
Friese
Klaus
K
Stöckl
Doris
D
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted; D015995:Prevalence; D012742:Sex Offenses; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012944:Social Support; D013179:Spouse Abuse; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult