title: Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on work in patients across the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on patients across the UK and to identify factors associated with unemployment, absenteeism, and presenteeism.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand patients with AS from 10 specialist rheumatology centres across the UK were invited to participate in a study evaluating a new outcome measure. Patients completed a questionnaire, which included questions relating to their work, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was completed by 612 patients (438 males; 72%). The mean age of the participants was 50.8 (SD 12.2) years, mean disease duration was 17.3 (SD 11.7) years, and mean symptom duration 22.4 (SD 12.4) years. A total of 206 (40%) patients of working age were not employed. Factors associated with not being employed were social deprivation [odds ratio (OR) 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14-5.80], poor function (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.90-6.13), depression (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.12-3.78), increasing age (OR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.02-1.08), and longer disease duration (OR 1.03 per year, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). Disease activity (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.11-9.48) and depression (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.22-8.48) were associated with absenteeism, while depression (OR 5.69, 95% CI 1.77-18.27, disease activity (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.76-8.98), anxiety (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.83-8.31), self-efficacy (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.86), and increasing age (OR 1.04 per year, 95% CI 1.00-1.08) were associated with presenteeism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological, sociodemographic, and disease-related factors were all found to be related to work status. These factors should be taken into account when considering early treatment and management. Depression, in particular, appears to be associated with employment, absenteeism, and presenteeism, and should therefore be prioritized in clinical practice.
authors: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, StaffordshireST55BG, UK. e.healey@cphc.keele.ac.uk
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Healey
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Haywood
authors: K P
authors: KP
authors: Jordan
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Garratt
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Packham
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom