title: In vitro elution of amikacin and vancomycin from impregnated plaster of Paris beads.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe in vitro elution characteristics of amikacin and vancomycin from calcium sulfate hemihydrate 98% (plaster of Paris, POP) beads and characterize eluent inhibition of Staphylococcus spp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  POP beads were impregnated with amikacin or vancomycin alone or in combination and then incubated alone or in combination for 84 days at 37 degrees C in plastic tubes containing sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Beads containing no antimicrobial served as negative control. Beads were intermittently moved to a new tube containing drug-free PBS. Antimicrobial was measured in the eluent using a polarized fluorescent immunoassay. Eluent inhibition of Staphylococcus spp. was determined at each time point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antimicrobial release from beads was characterized by an initial rapid phase then a slower phase. Although antimicrobial release from beads occurred throughout the 84 days, most was in the first 24 hours, except for vancomycin alone. Duration of eluent inhibition of Staphylococcus spp. growth ranged from 0.5 (amikacin alone) to 56 days (vancomycin alone). Control eluent did not inhibit bacterial growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amikacin elution from POP beads was rapid, inhibiting growth for <24 hours with or without vancomycin. Vancomycin elution was slower and inhibited growth for 56 days alone or for 5 days with amikacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vancomycin-impregnated beads appear to be reasonable as a therapeutic option whereas amikacin-impregnated POP beads and amikacin and vancomycin combinations may require further study before considering as a therapeutic option.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. aylin3@gmail.com
authors: Aylin
authors: A
authors: Atilla
authors: Harry W
authors: HW
authors: Boothe
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Tollett
authors: Sue
authors: S
authors: Duran
authors: Dubraska Campos
authors: DC
authors: Diaz
authors: Jameson
authors: J
authors: Sofge
authors: Dawn M
authors: DM
authors: Boothe
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008863:Microspheres; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D000583:Amikacin