title: Comparison of three intraosseous access techniques in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the placement feasibility and amount of bone trauma induced by 3 intraosseous (IO) access techniques in cats: an automatic impact penetration device (A), an automatic rotary insertion device (B), and a manual IO needle (C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective ex vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen adult mixed breed feline cadavers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadavers provided 72 total IO insertion locations divided equally between the right and left humerus and tibia. The 3 IO techniques were randomly allocated to these locations. Time to successful insertion, ease of insertion, and success rate were recorded. Each insertion site was analyzed for the number of bone fragments and defect diameter by computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Device B had lower time of insertion (P=0.01) compared with devices A and C. Device B had better ease of insertion scores (P<0.01) compared with devices A and C. No differences were detected between insertion sites (tibia versus humerus). No differences in the number of bone fragments, defect diameter, or success rate were detected among devices (P=0.06, 0.31, and 0.14, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All 3 IO access methods evaluated yield acceptable results. Device B is significantly faster and easier to place in cat cadavers when compared with other methods.
authors: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Bukoski
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Winter
authors: Carsten
authors: C
authors: Bandt
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Wilson
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Shih
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D002415:Cats; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D016014:Linear Models; D011897:Random Allocation; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary