title: Arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists (vaptans): pharmacological tools and potential therapeutic agents.
abstract: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) attracted attention as a potentially important neurohormonal mediator of the heart failure (HF) syndrome and hyponatremic states in humans because AVP influences renal handling of free water, vasoconstriction and myocyte biology through activation of V₂ and V₁(a) receptors. Current research is exploring V₂- and dual V₁(a)/V₂ receptor antagonism for the treatment of hyponatremia, as well as for the congestion and edema associated with chronic HF, because vasopressin receptor antagonists might offer benefits in comparison with conventional loop diuretics. The purpose of this review is to update the current status of experimental and clinical studies with available vasopressin receptor antagonists (conivaptan and tolvaptan) and their potential role in the treatment of HF and hyponatremia of multiple causes.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima Akiha-ku, Niigata City, Japan.
authors: Punniyakoti T
authors: PT
authors: Veeraveedu
authors: Suresh S
authors: SS
authors: Palaniyandi
authors: Ken'ichi
authors: K
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Komai
authors: Rajarajan A
authors: RA
authors: Thandavarayan
authors: Vijayakumar
authors: V
authors: Sukumaran
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077602:Tolvaptan
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001552:Benzazepines; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; C106389:conivaptan; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D000077602:Tolvaptan