title: Virus removal by biogenic cerium.
abstract: The rare earth element cerium has been known to exert antifungal and antibacterial properties in the oxidation states +III and +IV. This study reports on an innovative strategy for virus removal in drinking water by the combination of Ce(III) on a bacterial carrier matrix. The biogenic cerium (bio-Ce) was produced by addition of aqueous Ce(III) to actively growing cultures of either freshwater manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) Leptothrix discophora or Pseudomonas putida MnB29. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results indicated that Ce remained in its trivalent state on the bacterial surface. The spectra were consistent with Ce(III) ions associated with the phosphoryl groups of the bacterial cell wall. In disinfection assays using a bacteriophage as model, it was demonstrated that bio-Ce exhibited antiviral properties. A 4.4 log decrease of the phage was observed after 2 h of contact with 50 mg L(-1) bio-Ce. Given the fact that virus removal with 50 mg L(-1) Ce(III) as CeNO(3) was lower, the presence of the bacterial carrier matrix in bio-Ce significantly enhanced virus removal.
authors: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: De Gusseme
authors: Gijs
authors: G
authors: Du Laing
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Hennebel
authors: Piet
authors: P
authors: Renard
authors: Dev
authors: D
authors: Chidambaram
authors: Jeffrey P
authors: JP
authors: Fitts
authors: Els
authors: E
authors: Bruneel
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Van Driessche
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Verbeken
authors: Nico
authors: N
authors: Boon
authors: Willy
authors: W
authors: Verstraete
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002563:Cerium / Q000378:metabolism*; D042743:Leptothrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D002563:Cerium; D008345:Manganese