title: Improved long-term outcome with chemoradiotherapy strategies in esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy currently exists about the optimum preoperative treatment platform for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer, namely, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (preoperative C/RT) or preoperative chemotherapy alone. We therefore reviewed sequential phase II/III trials performed at a single institution to assess the impact of preoperative chemotherapy versus preoperative C/RT strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 157 esophageal cancer patients were sequentially enrolled in phase II/III trials at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from March 27, 1990, to March 8, 2005. The treatment approaches included preoperative chemotherapy, n = 76 (INT 113 and ID90-01); preoperative C/RT, n = 81 (ID96-189 and DM98-349). Analysis was by intention to treat. Factors evaluated included demographics, preoperative staging, type of surgery, pathology, adjuvant therapies, and long-term outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenocarcinoma predominated (85%), with cT3 (73%) and cN1 (43%). No significant difference was noted between groups in demographics or perioperative mortality. More patients with preoperative C/RT were staged with endoscopic ultrasound (52% versus 9%, p < 0.001). Preoperative C/RT demonstrated increased pathologic complete response (28% versus 4%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (3 years, 48% versus 29%, p = 0.04). Preoperative C/RT was a significant independent predictor of improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.37 to 0.90, p = 0.015) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.35 to 0.85, p = 0.007) in multivariable regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sequential phase II/III trials involving locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer patients, preoperative C/RT was associated with improved overall and disease-free survival rates (p = 0.046 and p = 0.015, respectively) and increased pathologic complete response (p < 0.001) compared with preoperative chemotherapy.
authors: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. sswisher@mdanderson.org
authors: Stephen G
authors: SG
authors: Swisher
authors: Wayne
authors: W
authors: Hofstetter
authors: Ritsuko
authors: R
authors: Komaki
authors: Arlene M
authors: AM
authors: Correa
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Erasmus
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Zhongxing
authors: Z
authors: Liao
authors: Dipen
authors: D
authors: Maru
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Mehran
authors: Shital
authors: S
authors: Patel
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Rice
authors: Jack A
authors: JA
authors: Roth
authors: Ara A
authors: AA
authors: Vaporciyan
authors: Garrett L
authors: GL
authors: Walsh
authors: Jaffer A
authors: JA
authors: Ajani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult