title: Fat element-a new marker for chromosome and genome analysis in the Triticeae.
abstract: Chromosomal distribution of the Fat element that was isolated from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences of wheat chromosome 3B was studied in 45 species representing eight genera of Poaceae (Aegilops, Triticum, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Hordeum, Avena and Triticale) using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). The Fat sequence was not present in oats and in two barley species, Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum spontaneum, that we investigated. Only very low amounts of the Fat element were detected on the chromosomes of two other barley species, Hordeum geniculatum and Hordeum chilense, with different genome compositions. The chromosomes of other cereal species exhibited distinct hybridisation patterns with the Fat probe, and labelling intensity varied significantly depending on the species or genome. The highest amount of hybridisation was detected on chromosomes of the D genome of Aegilops and Triticum and on chromosomes of the S genome of Agropyron. Despite the bioinformatics analysis of several BAC clones that revealed the tandem organisation of the Fat element, hybridisation with the Fat probe produces uneven, diffuse signals in the proximal regions of chromosomes. In some of the genomes we investigated, however, it also forms distinct, sharp clusters in chromosome-specific positions, and the brightest fluorescence was always observed on group 4 chromosomes. Thus, the Fat element represents a new family of Triticeae-specific, highly repeated DNA elements with a clustered-dispersed distribution pattern. These elements may have first emerged in cereal genomes at the time of divergence of the genus Hordeum from the last common ancestor. During subsequent evolution, the amount and chromosomal distribution of the Fat element changed due to amplification, elimination and re-distribution of this sequence. Because the labelling patterns that we detected were highly specific, the Fat element can be used as an accessory probe in FISH analysis for chromosome identification and investigation of evolutionary processes at the chromosomal level.
authors: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia. katerinabadaeva@gmail.com
authors: Ekaterina D
authors: ED
authors: Badaeva
authors: Svyatoslav A
authors: SA
authors: Zoshchuk
authors: Etienne
authors: E
authors: Paux
authors: Georges
authors: G
authors: Gay
authors: Natalia V
authors: NV
authors: Zoshchuk
authors: Delphine
authors: D
authors: Roger
authors: Alexander V
authors: AV
authors: Zelenin
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Bernard
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Feuillet
mesh_terms: D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018745:Genome, Plant; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D006109:Poaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D011123:Polyploidy; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers