title: Changes in cognitive functions of students in the transitional period from elementary school to junior high school.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When students proceed to junior high school from elementary school, rapid changes in the environment occur, which may cause various behavioral and emotional problems. However, the changes in cognitive functions during this transitional period have rarely been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 158 elementary school students from 4th- to 6th-grades and 159 junior high school students from 7th- to 9th-grades, we assessed various cognitive functions, including motor processing, spatial construction ability, semantic fluency, immediate memory, delayed memory, spatial and non-spatial working memory, and selective, alternative, and divided attention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings showed that performance on spatial and non-spatial working memory, alternative attention, divided attention, and semantic fluency tasks improved from elementary to junior high school. In particular, performance on alternative and divided attention tasks improved during the transitional period from elementary to junior high school.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding suggests that development of alternative and divided attention is of crucial importance in the transitional period from elementary to junior high school.
authors: Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. keimizuno@riken.jp
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Mizuno
authors: Masaaki
authors: M
authors: Tanaka
authors: Sanae
authors: S
authors: Fukuda
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Sasabe
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Imai-Matsumura
authors: Yasuyoshi
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students