From good intentions to proven interventions: effectiveness of actions to reduce the health impacts of air pollution.
BACKGROUND
Associations between air pollution and a multitude of health effects are now well established. Given ubiquitous exposure to some level of air pollution, the attributable health burden can be high, particularly for susceptible populations.


OBJECTIVE
An international multidisciplinary workshop was convened to discuss evidence of the effectiveness of actions to reduce health impacts of air pollution at both the community and individual level. The overall aim was to summarize current knowledge regarding air pollution exposure and health impacts leading to public health recommendations.


CONCLUSIONS
During the workshop, experts reviewed the biological mechanisms of action of air pollution in the initiation and progression of disease, as well as the state of the science regarding community and individual-level interventions. The workshop highlighted strategies to reduce individual baseline risk of conditions associated with increased susceptibility to the effects of air pollution and the need to better understand the role of exposure duration in disease progression, reversal, and adaptation.


CONCLUSIONS
We have identified two promising and largely unexplored strategies to address and mitigate air pollution-related health impacts: reducing individual baseline risk of cardiovascular disease and incorporating air pollution-related health impacts into land-use decisions.
Giles
Luisa V
LV
School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Barn
Prabjit
P
Künzli
Nino
N
Romieu
Isabelle
I
Mittleman
Murray A
MA
van Eeden
Stephan
S
Allen
Ryan
R
Carlsten
Chris
C
Stieb
Dave
D
Noonan
Curtis
C
Smargiassi
Audrey
A
Kaufman
Joel D
JD
Hajat
Shakoor
S
Kosatsky
Tom
T
Brauer
Michael
M
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003256:Community Participation; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors
D000393:Air Pollutants