title: The ophthalmic side-effects of imiquimod therapy in the management of periocular skin lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the ophthalmic side-effects of topical imiquimod for periocular actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out in two centres of all patients who underwent topical imiquimod therapy between January 2004 and January 2009. Imiquimod was applied three times weekly for 4-6 weeks. Diagnosis of the lesions, complications, clinical resolution and long-term ophthalmic side-effects was recorded. Patients on therapy were reviewed fortnightly and then every 6 weeks following completion of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  47 patients were identified; the mean age was 74 years. 37 patients had actinic keratoses, seven patients had Bowen disease, and three patients had BCC. The lower lid was the commonest site involved (68%). Application site erythema occurred in all patients. Conjunctivitis occurred in 15 patients, and six patients complained of ocular stinging on application of imiquimod. One patient had a staphylococcal keratitis, which responded to topical antibiotic and steroid therapy. Two patients required oral antibiotics for preseptal cellulitis. Three patients had delayed conjunctivitis at a mean of 2.3 weeks. Nine patients discontinued imiquimod due to ocular irritation and conjunctivitis, of whom four patients recommenced and finished the treatment after a rest period. At a mean follow-up of 16 weeks, 34 patients had clinical resolution of the periocular lesions and no patient had any residual ophthalmic side-effects from imiquimod.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conjunctivitis and ocular stinging were the commonest ophthalmic side-effects encountered with the application of imiquimod for periocular skin lesions. These effects were temporary and resolved on terminating the imiquimod therapy.
authors: Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia. pscan05@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Cannon
authors: Brett
authors: B
authors: O'Donnell
authors: Shyamala C
authors: SC
authors: Huilgol
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Selva
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001913:Bowen's Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004890:Erythema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077271:Imiquimod