title: Loss of muscarinic and purinergic receptors in urinary bladder of rats with hydrochloric acid-induced cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the basic mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of cystitis by characterizing the urodynamic parameters, pharmacologically relevant (muscarinic and purinergic) receptors, and the in vivo release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the bladder of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-treated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The muscarinic and purinergic receptors in rat tissue were measured by radioreceptor assays using (N-methyl-³H) scopolamine methyl chloride ([³H]NMS) and αβ-methylene-ATP (2,8-³H) tetrasodium salt ([³H]αβ-MeATP), respectively. The urodynamic parameters and ATP levels were measured using a cystometric method and the luciferin-luciferase assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HCl-treated rats, the micturition interval and micturition volume were significantly (48% and 55%, respectively, P <.05) decreased and the number of micturitions was significantly (3.2-fold, P <.05) increased compared with those of the control rats. The maximal number of binding sites for [³H]NMS and [³H]αβ-MeATP was significantly (55% and 72%, respectively, P <.001) decreased in the bladder of HCl-treated rats, suggesting downregulation of both muscarinic and purinergic receptors. In the HCl-treated rats, the inhibition constant, K(i), values for oxybutynin, solifenacin, and darifenacin were significantly (1.3-1.4-fold, P <.05) increased, but those for tolterodine and AF-DX116 were unchanged. Similarly, the inhibition constant for A-317491, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid tetrasodium, and MRS2273 was significantly (5.5, 11, and 7.6-fold, respectively, P <.001) increased. Furthermore, the in vivo release of ATP was significantly (P <.05) enhanced in the HCl-treated rat bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both muscarinic and purinergic mechanisms might be, at least in part, associated with the urinary dysfunction due to cystitis.
authors: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Global Center of Excellence Program, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan. yamada@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Yoshida
authors: Aiko
authors: A
authors: Kageyama
authors: Tomomi
authors: T
authors: Fujino
authors: Yoshihisa
authors: Y
authors: Nozawa
authors: Shizuo
authors: S
authors: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D003408:Cresols / Q000378:metabolism; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D019832:N-Methylscopolamine; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000378:metabolism; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000378:metabolism; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000378:metabolism; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000032:analysis*; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000032:analysis*; D000069464:Solifenacin Succinate; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: C470346:A-317491; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001572:Benzofurans; D003408:Cresols; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D063065:Organophosphonates; D010636:Phenols; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011812:Quinuclidines; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; C077792:pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D010890:Pirenzepine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C101207:darifenacin; C005419:oxybutynin; D000069464:Solifenacin Succinate; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; C048593:otenzepad; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D019832:N-Methylscopolamine