title: GPI-1046 increases presenilin-1 expression and restores NMDA channel activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously we showed that 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra eliminate corticostriatal LTP and that the neuroimmunolophilin ligand (NIL), GPI-1046, restores LTP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used cDNA microarrays to determine what mRNAs may be over- or under-expressed in response to lesioning and/or GPI-1046 treatment. Patch clamp recordings were performed to investigate changes in NMDA channel function before and after treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 51 gene products were differentially expressed. Among these we found that GPI-1046 treatment up-regulated presenilin-1 (PS-1) mRNA abundance. This finding was confirmed using QPCR. PS-1 protein was also shown to be over-expressed in the striatum of lesioned/GPI-1046-treated rats. As PS-1 has been implicated in controlling NMDA-receptor function and LTP is reduced by lesioning we assayed NMDA mediated synaptic activity in striatal brain slices. The lesion-induced reduction of dopaminergic innervation was accompanied by the near complete loss of NDMA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission between the cortex and striatum. GPI-1046 treatment of the lesioned rats restored NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission but not the dopaminergic innervation. Restoration of NDMA channel function was apparently specific as the sodium channel current density was also reduced due to lesioning but GPI-1046 did not reverse this effect. We also found that restoration of NMDA receptor function was also not associated with either an increase in NMDA receptor mRNA or protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As it has been previously shown that PS-1 is critical for normal NMDA receptor function, our data suggest that the improvement of excitatory neurotransmission occurs through the GPI-1046-induced up-regulation of PS-1.
authors: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Joseph P
authors: JP
authors: Steiner
authors: Kathryn B
authors: KB
authors: Payne
authors: Christopher Drummond
authors: CD
authors: Main
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: D'Alfonso
authors: Kirsten X
authors: KX
authors: Jacobsen
authors: T Philip
authors: TP
authors: Hicks
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Staines
authors: Michael O
authors: MO
authors: Poulter
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; C104949:GPI 1046; C409466:NR1 NMDA receptor; D053764:Presenilin-1; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C056639:2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid; D016627:Oxidopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D014633:Valine