title: Impact of varicocelectomy on gonadal and erectile functions in men with hypogonadism and infertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous reports linked varicocele in infertile males with Leydig cell dysfunction and hypogonadism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the impact of varicocelectomy on serum total testosterone (TT) level and erectile function in men with infertility and clinical varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 141 heterosexual infertile men diagnosed to have clinical varicocele. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (103 men), who had microsurgical varicocelectomy, and group 2 (38 patients), who decided to pursue assisted reproduction procedures. All participants completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 questionnaire and underwent semen analysis. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and TT were measured both at recruitment time and 6 months later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in serum TT and IIEF-5 following varicocelectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, the mean TT level increased significantly post-varicocelectomy (379.1 ± 205.8 to 450.1 ± 170.2 ng/dL, P < 0.0001). No similar change was found in group 2. Out of the 49 patients in group 1 with hypogonadism at baseline assessment (TT < 300 ng/dL), 37 (75.5%) exhibited a postoperative normalization of TT. However, only 3/15 hypogonadal men (20%) in group 2 had normal testosterone levels at the second visit. IIEF-5 scores improved significantly postoperatively in patients with hypogonadism (17.1 ± 2.6 to 19.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.001). Neither operating vein diameter 3.6 ± 0.57 mm nor testicular size 10.46 ± 3.3 mL correlated with the mean change in TT (71.1 ± 101.2 ng/dL) (r = 0.162, P = 0.183 and r = -0.077, P = 0.536, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varicocele is associated with hypogonadism in some infertile patients. Varicocelectomy significantly improves serum testosterone in infertile men, especially those with hypogonadism. This improvement in TT level may be reflected in the IIEF score.
authors: Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. wzohdy62@hotmail.com
authors: Wael
authors: W
authors: Zohdy
authors: Sherif
authors: S
authors: Ghazi
authors: Mohamad
authors: M
authors: Arafa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology; D055101:Semen Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone