title: Geranylgeranylacetone preconditioning may attenuate heat-induced inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Geranylgeranylacetone, an acyclic isoprenoid, is a non-toxic inducer of heat shock protein (HSP)70. HSP70 overproduction is associated with heat tolerance in rats. This study aimed to investigate whether geranylgeranylacetone preconditioning of rats reduced heat-induced inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthetised rats were given vehicle or geranylgeranylacetone (800 mg/kg) orally. After 48 h they were exposed to ambient temperature of 43 degrees C for 70 min to induce heatstroke. Another group of rats kept at room temperature were used as normothermic controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vehicle-treated rats all succumbed to heat stress; their survival time was 25 +/- 4 min. Pretreatment with geranylgeranylacetone significantly increased survival time to 92 +/- 15 min. Compared with normothermic controls, all vehicle-treated heatstroke rats displayed hepatic and renal dysfunction (e.g. increased plasma levels of serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and active inflammation (e.g. increased plasma and brain levels of interleukin-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6). These heat-stress response indicators were all significantly suppressed by geranylgeranylacetone pretreatment. In addition, the plasma and brain levels of interleukin-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) and brain levels of HSP70 were significantly increased after geranylgeranylacetone preconditioning during heatstroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Geranylgeranylacetone preconditioning attenuates heat-induced inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in rats.
authors: Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
authors: Yong-Qi
authors: YQ
authors: Zhao
authors: Jun-Tao
authors: JT
authors: Gao
authors: Shou-Hong
authors: SH
authors: Liu
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Mao-Tsun
authors: MT
authors: Lin
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018883:Heat Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013534:Survival; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; C031049:geranylgeranylacetone