Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia.
To reconstruct the phylogenetic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup (hg) C in populations of northern Eurasia, we have analyzed the diversity of microsatellite (STR) loci in a total sample of 413 males from 18 ethnic groups of Siberia, Eastern Asia and Eastern Europe. Analysis of SNP markers revealed that all Y-chromosomes studied belong to hg C3 and its subhaplogroups C3c and C3d, although some populations (such as Mongols and Koryaks) demonstrate a relatively high input (more than 30%) of yet unidentified C3* haplotypes. Median joining network analysis of STR haplotypes demonstrates that Y-chromosome gene pools of populations studied are characterized by the presence of DNA clusters originating from a limited number of frequent founder haplotypes. These are subhaplogroup C3d characteristic for Mongolic-speaking populations, "star cluster" in C3* paragroup, and a set of DYS19 duplicated C3c Y-chromosomes. All these DNA clusters show relatively recent coalescent times (less than 3000 years), so it is probable that founder effects, including social selection resulting in high male fertility associated with a limited number of paternal lineages, may explain the observed distribution of hg C3 lineages.
Malyarchuk
Boris
B
Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia. malyarchuk@ibpn.ru
Derenko
Miroslava
M
Denisova
Galina
G
Wozniak
Marcin
M
Grzybowski
Tomasz
T
Dambueva
Irina
I
Zakharov
Ilia
I
D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005061:Europe, Eastern; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D058974:Phylogeography; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012800:Siberia