title: Biological impact of vascular endothelial growth factor on vessel density and survival in multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma.
abstract: We compared the differences in a number of angiogenesis-related immunohistochemical parameters, including microvascular density (MVD) and tumor cell activity, between multiple myeloma (MM) and solitary plasmacytoma (SP). Tissue sections from tumors of MM and SP were immunohistochemically stained and analyzed using ImageJ image analysis software for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors (Flt-1 and Flk-1), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein. Tumor tissues were cytologically graded as high-, intermediate-, or low-grade. Two pathologists determined the MVD of each section independently by recording the average number of CD34+ blood vessels in 500 unit fields. The arithmetic means for MVD were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test and the significance level was calculated at P-value <0.001. The results indicate a direct correlation between upregulation of iNOS/VEGF in high-grade tumors. For MM, an increase in MVD is also correlated with a high-grade. Tumor survival signaling by Bcl-2 in both SP and MM emphasizes the fact that VEGF has a bimodal role that is mainly angiogenic in MM and tumorigenic, promoting tumor cell survival in SP.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt. wmswelam@gmail.com
authors: Wael M
authors: WM
authors: Swelam
authors: Dalal M
authors: DM
authors: Al Tamimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010954:Plasmacytoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2