title: Utility of early MRI in the diagnosis and management of acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal diagnostic evaluation for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains controversial. In this retrospective study, we assessed the utility of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ICH diagnosis and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine (72%) of 123 patients with spontaneous ICH underwent a brain CT and MRI within 30 days of ICH onset. Seventy patients with a mean age of 62 ± 15 years were included. A stroke neurologist and a general neurologist, each blinded to the final diagnosis, independently reviewed the admission data and the initial head CT and then assigned a presumed ICH cause under 1 of 9 categories. ICH cause was potentially modified after subsequent MRI review. The final 'gold standard' ICH etiology was determined after review of the complete medical record by an independent investigator. Change in diagnostic category and confidence and the potential impact on patient management were systematically recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time to MRI was 3 ± 5 days. Final ICH diagnosis was hypertension or cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in 50% of patients. After MRI review the stroke neurologist changed diagnostic category in 14%, diagnostic confidence in an additional 23% and management in 20%, and the general neurologist did so in 19, 21 and 21% of patients, respectively. MRI yield was highest in ICH secondary to ischemic stroke, CAA, vascular malformations and neoplasms, and did not differ by age, history of hypertension, hematoma location or the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest potential additive clinical benefit of early MRI in patients with spontaneous ICH.
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, 701 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94034, USA. cwijman@stanford.edu
authors: Christine A C
authors: CA
authors: Wijman
authors: Chitra
authors: C
authors: Venkatasubramanian
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Bruins
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Fischbein
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed