title: Biomechanical stress distribution on fixation screws used in bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: assessment of 9 methods via finite element method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanical stress tolerance of screws used in 9 fixation methods after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy to determine which configuration leads to lesser force load on the cortical bone at fixation points.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-dimensional computerized model of a human mandible with posterior teeth was generated. The bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was virtually performed on this model. The separated model was assembled with 9 fixation methods: single screw, 2 screws one behind the other, 2 screws one below the other, 3 screws in an L configuration, 3 screws in an inverted backward L configuration, miniplate with 2 screws, miniplate with 4 screws, 2 parallel plates (upper + lower border), and square miniplate with 4 screws. Then, 75-, 135-, and 600-N vertical loads were applied on the posterior teeth of these models. The stress distribution on the screw sites on the buccal cortex was measured by the finite element method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this model all the fixation methods withstood forces between 75 and 135 N. However, the single-screw and the 2-hole miniplate models showed that the stress distributions in the configurations were intolerable when 600 N of posterior force was applied. The results of this study indicated that the inverted backward L configuration with 3 bicortical screws was the most stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this study indicated that the inverted backward L configuration with 3 bicortical screws was the most stable pattern, most of the patterns had adequate stability for clinical applications (mean, 125 N).
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Buali Hospital, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Behnam
authors: B
authors: Bohluli
authors: Mohammad Hosein Kalantar
authors: MH
authors: Motamedi
authors: Pedram
authors: P
authors: Bohluli
authors: Farzin
authors: F
authors: Sarkarat
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Moharamnejad
authors: Mohammad Hossein Seif
authors: MH
authors: Tabrizi
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000502:physiology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008954:Models, Biological; D008963:Molar / Q000502:physiology; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface