Development and validation of method for analysis of some ototoxic solvents in saliva matrix by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to monitor the saliva matrix for ototoxic solvents absorption: the method is based on headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and represents an alternative biological monitoring for investigating low exposure to hazardous ototoxic solvents. Simultaneous determination of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene has been carried out and the method has been optimized for both instrumental parameters and samples treatment. Chromatographic conditions have been set in order to obtain a good separation of xylene isomers due to the interest in p-xylene as ototoxic one. Method validation has been performed on standards spiked in blank saliva by using two internal standards (2-fluorotoluene and deuterated styrene-d(8)). This method showed the possibility to detect the target compounds with a linear dynamic range of at least a 2 orders of magnitude characterized by a linear determination coefficient (r(2)) greater than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.19 ng/mL (styrene) and 0.54 ng/mL (m-xylene) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged between 0.64 ng/mL (styrene) and 1.8 ng/mL (m-xylene). The method achieved good accuracy (from 99 to 105%) and precision for both intra- and inter-assay (relative standard deviation ranging from 1.7 to 13.8%) for all six compounds concerned. The repeatability was improved by adding sodium sulphate to the matrix. Saliva samples resulted stable for at least 7 days after collection, if stored in headspace vials, at the temperature of 4 degrees C. An evaluation of the main sources of uncertainty of the method is also included: expanded uncertainties ranges between 10 and 16% for all of the target compounds. In summary, the headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method is a highly sensitive, versatile and flexible technique for the biological monitoring of exposure to ototoxic solvents by saliva analysis.
Gherardi
Monica
M
Department of Occupational Hygiene, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention, 1 Via Fontana Candida, Monte Porzio Catone RM, Rome 00040, Italy. monica.gherardi@ispesl.it
Gordiani
Andrea
A
Gatto
Mariapia
M
D004355:Drug Stability; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000187:drug effects; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D016014:Linear Models; D009676:Noxae / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D020058:Styrene; D013696:Temperature; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis*
D009676:Noxae; D012997:Solvents; D014992:Xylenes; D020058:Styrene; C031286:4-xylene