Histone deacetylase 3 antagonizes aspirin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide production by reversing aspirin-induced lysine acetylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
BACKGROUND
Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is widely used in the treatment and prevention of vascular atherothrombosis. Cardiovascular doses of aspirin also reduce systemic blood pressure and improve endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in patients with atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis. Aspirin can acetylate proteins, other than its pharmacological target cyclooxygenase, at lysine residues. The role of lysine acetylation in mediating the effects of low-dose aspirin on the endothelium is not known.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the role of lysine acetylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the regulation of endothelial NO production by low-dose aspirin and to examine whether the lysine deacetylase histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 antagonizes the effect of low-dose aspirin on endothelial NO production by reversing acetylation of functionally critical eNOS lysine residues.


RESULTS
Low concentrations of aspirin induce lysine acetylation of eNOS, stimulating eNOS enzymatic activity and endothelial NO production in a cyclooxygenase-1-independent fashion. Low-dose aspirin in vivo also increases bioavailable vascular NO in an eNOS-dependent and cyclooxygenase-1-independent manner. Low-dose aspirin promotes the binding of eNOS to calmodulin. Lysine 609 in the calmodulin autoinhibitory domain of bovine eNOS mediates aspirin-stimulated binding of eNOS to calmodulin and eNOS-derived NO production. HDAC3 inhibits aspirin-stimulated (1) lysine acetylation of eNOS, (2) eNOS enzymatic activity, (3) eNOS-derived NO, and (4) binding of eNOS to calmodulin. Conversely, downregulation of HDAC3 promotes lysine acetylation of eNOS and endothelial NO generation.


CONCLUSIONS
Lysine acetylation of eNOS is a posttranslational protein modification supporting low-dose aspirin-induced vasoprotection. HDAC3, by deacetylating aspirin-acetylated eNOS, antagonizes aspirin-stimulated endothelial production of NO.
Jung
Saet-Byel
SB
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. jungs@upmc.edu
Kim
Cuk-Seong
CS
Naqvi
Asma
A
Yamamori
Tohru
T
Mattagajasingh
Ilwola
I
Hoffman
Timothy A
TA
Cole
Marsha P
MP
Kumar
Ajay
A
Dericco
Jeremy S
JS
Jeon
Byeong-Hwa
BH
Irani
Kaikobad
K
D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3
D001241:Aspirin; D002147:Calmodulin; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008239:Lysine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse