Peri-implant bone mechanobiology. Review of the literature.
The mechanical load applied during bone regeneration in implant treatments influences the early formation of peri-implant bone tissue through the activation of different pathways. The aim of this review was to determine the currently available scientific evidence in this field.


METHODS
Electronic search in medical databases (Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Library) of experimental studies in animal models published from 2003 to 2009.


RESULTS
There is scientific evidence that the immediate application of an axial load in implantology stimulates bone formation, as measured by various histomorphometric parameters. Different physiological mechanisms (e.g., production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2) participate in this effect, although their action has not been fully elucidated.


CONCLUSIONS
The precise role of mechanical loading in the osseointegration process remains unknown. Further studies are required to demonstrate the biological mechanisms involved and the load range producing the most effective response and to develop devices for obtaining predictable clinical outcomes.
Badillo-Perona
V
V
Madrid Complutense University, Spain. vanesabadilloperona@hotmail.com
Cano-Sánchez
J
J
Campo-Trapero
J
J
Bascones-Martinez
A
A
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D016348:Osseointegration