title: Nitric oxide in the control of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores.
abstract: Photophores (photogenic organs) of the lantern shark Etmopterus spinax are under hormonal control, with prolactin (PRL) and melatonin (MT) triggering the light emission. Differential sensitivity to these hormones in adult individuals suggests, however, that the luminescence of this shark is controlled by an additional mechanism. In this study, different techniques were used to investigate a potential modulator of E. spinax luminescence - nitric oxide (NO). NO synthase (NOS)-like immunoreactivity (IR) was found in the photocytes (photogenic cells) of the photophores. In addition, acetylated tubulin IR also supported the presence of nerves running through the photogenic tissue and innervating different structural elements of the photophores: photocytes, pigmented cells from the iris-like structure and lens cells. Pharmacological experiments confirmed a modulatory action of NO on the hormonally induced luminescence: NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydroxylamine decreased the time to reach the maximum amplitude (TL(max)) of MT-induced luminescence while these substances decreased the maximum amplitude of PRL-induced luminescence (and also the TL(max) in the case of SNP). The small impact of the NOS inhibitor l-NAME on hormonally induced luminescence suggests that NO is only produced on demand. The cGMP analogue 8BrcGMP mimicked the effects of NO donors suggesting that the effects of NO are mediated by cGMP.
authors: Laboratory of Marine Biology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. julien.m.claes@uclouvain.be
authors: Julien M
authors: JM
authors: Claes
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Krönström
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Holmgren
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Mallefet
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019811:Hydroxylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D049449:Luminescence; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012754:Sharks / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011810:Quinoxalines; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019811:Hydroxylamine; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester