title: Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing computed tomography (CONNECT) - a clinical problem in daily practice? A multicenter observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several studies have examined contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) following computed tomography (CT) procedures under closely controlled clinical trial conditions, less is known about the incidence of CIN (or its key predictive factors) in a "real world" clinical setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A multicenter, observational registry study was undertaken in Italian hospital radiology departments to retrospectively assess the incidence of CIN in at-risk patients undergoing iodixanol-enhanced CT procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each department used center-specific (nonstandardized) CT protocols. Data were available from 493 at-risk patients; most (76.4%) had 1 risk factor for CIN, 19.8% had 2, and 3.4% had 3. In all, 169 patients (34.3%) had reduced renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73m(2)). Prophylactic volume expansion was not used in 70.6% of the study population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of CIN (defined as a > or =44.2 micromol/l [0.5 mg/dl] increase in serum creatinine from baseline 72 h postprocedure) was 2.6%; in the subpopulation of patients with renal impairment (with or without other risk factors), CIN incidence was 4.7%. Multivariate analysis identified renal insufficiency as the only risk factor predictive of CIN (relative risk, 3.850; 95% confidence interval, 1.200-12.348; P=0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the clinical setting of hospital CT radiology practice, where guideline-recommended strategies for CIN prevention may not be consistently followed, use of the iso-osmolar agent iodixanol appears to be associated with a low incidence of CIN in at-risk patients.
authors: Department of Liver Transplantation, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Pisa University Hospital, Italy. lencioni@med.unipi.it
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Lencioni
authors: Rossella
authors: R
authors: Fattori
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Morana
authors: Fulvio
authors: F
authors: Stacul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C044834:iodixanol