title: Siblings of young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy--a qualitative study of impact and coping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressively debilitating neuromuscular disorder markedly affecting family life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain descriptive accounts from siblings about impact and coping with DMD and consider implications for psychological function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of healthy siblings of young people with DMD attending a regional centre. Main carers were interviewed for corroborative evidence. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to a thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 siblings (18 girls, 17 boys from 29 families) and their parents were interviewed. Mean sibling age was 14.3 years (sd 2.4) (range 11-18). Young people with DMD were aged 5-22 years; most were wheelchair users and 3 required nocturnal ventilation. Six primary themes were identified. Knowledge about the nature of DMD had been acquired gradually and varied in breadth. Whilst siblings were involved and generally accepting of caring responsibilities, they were nevertheless able to pursue other activities and interests of their choice. Positive impacts included increased family cohesion, knowledge and maturity in siblings; negative impacts included inequality of parental attention/availability. Coping was aided by the normality of a situation gradually developing since early childhood, and by support from friends, relatives, teachers and mentors. Coping techniques included getting on with life one day at a time, proactively restraining negative emotions, humour, distractions, and physical relocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DMD generates situations that have the potential to increase the risk of emotional problems in unaffected siblings, but its chronic course also provides opportunities for positive family psychological adjustment.
authors: Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.
authors: Joy
authors: J
authors: Read
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Kinali
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Muntoni
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Weaver
authors: M Elena
authors: ME
authors: Garralda
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D012801:Sibling Relations; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult