Nanoparticle delivery systems in cancer vaccines.
Therapeutic strategies that involve the manipulation of the host's immune system are gaining momentum in cancer research. Antigen-loaded nanocarriers are capable of being actively taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and have shown promising potential in cancer immunotherapy by initiating a strong immunostimulatory cascade that results in potent antigen-specific immune responses against the cancer. Such carrier systems offer versatility in that they can simultaneously co-deliver adjuvants with the antigens to enhance APC activation and maturation. Furthermore, modifying the surface properties of these nanocarriers affords active targeting properties to APCs and/or enhanced accumulation in solid tumors. Here, we review some recent advances in these colloidal and particulate nanoscale systems designed for cancer immunotherapy and the potential for these systems to translate into clinical cancer vaccines.
Krishnamachari
Yogita
Y
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
Geary
Sean M
SM
Lemke
Caitlin D
CD
Salem
Aliasger K
AK
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers