title: Olfactomedin 4 is a novel target gene of retinoic acids and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine involved in human myeloid leukemia cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
abstract: Clinical application of retinoic acids (RAs) and demethylation agents has proven to be effective in treating certain myeloid leukemia patients. However, the target genes that mediate these antileukemia activities are still poorly understood. In this study, we identified olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), a myeloid-lineage-specific gene from the olfactomedin family, as a novel target gene for RAs and the demethylation agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We demonstrated that the retinoic acid receptor alpha/retinoic X receptor alpha heterodimer binds to a retinoic acid response-element (DR5) site in the OLFM4 promoter and mediates all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced transactivation of the OLFM4 gene. OLFM4 overexpression in HL-60 cells led to growth inhibition, differentiation, and apoptosis, and potentiated ATRA induction of these effects. Conversely, down-regulation of endogenous OLFM4 in acute myeloid leukemia-193 cells compromised ATRA-induced growth inhibition, differentiation, and apoptosis. Overexpression of OLFM4 in HL-60 cells inhibited constitutive and ATRA-induced phosphorylation of the eukaryote initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), whereas down-regulation of OLFM4 protein in acute myeloid leukemia-193 cells increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, suggesting that OLFM4 is a potent upstream inhibitor of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation/deactivation. Thus, our study demonstrates that OLFM4 plays an important role in myeloid leukemia cellular functions and induction of OLFM4-mediated effects may contribute to the therapeutic value of ATRA.
authors: Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Wenli
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Hyun Woo
authors: HW
authors: Lee
authors: Yueqin
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Ruihong
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: Griffin P
authors: GP
authors: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000077209:Decitabine; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; C454127:OLFM4 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077209:Decitabine; D001374:Azacitidine