title: Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian function in 926 healthy females from birth to adulthood and in 172 Turner syndrome patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adult women, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is related to the ovarian follicle pool. Little is known about AMH in girls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to provide a reference range for AMH in girls and adolescents and to evaluate AMH as a marker of ovarian function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center for pediatric endocrinology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured AMH in 926 healthy females (longitudinal values during infancy) as well as in 172 Turner syndrome (TS) patients according to age, karyotype (A: 45,X; B: miscellaneous karyotypes; C: 45,X/46,XX), and ovarian function (1: absent puberty; 2: cessation of ovarian function; 3: ongoing ovarian function).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMH was undetectable in 54% (38 of 71) of cord blood samples (<2; <2-15 pmol/liter) (median; 2.5th to 97.5th percentile) and increased in all (37 of 37) infants from birth to 3 months (15; 4.5-29.5 pmol/liter). From 8 to 25 yr, AMH levels were stable (19.9; 4.7-60.1 pmol/liter), with the lower level of the reference range clearly above the detection limit. AMH levels were associated with TS-karyotype groups (median A vs. B: <2 vs. 3 pmol/liter, P = 0.044; B vs. C: 3 vs. 16 pmol/liter, P < 0.001) as well as with ovarian function (absent puberty vs. cessation of ovarian function: <2 vs. 6 pmol/liter, P = 0.004; cessation of ovarian function vs. ongoing ovarian function: 6 vs. 14 pmol/liter, P = 0.001). As a screening test of premature ovarian failure in TS, the sensitivity and specificity of AMH less than 8 pmol/liter was 96 and 86%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMH seems to be a promising marker of ovarian function in healthy girls and TS patients.
authors: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. casper.hagen@rh.regionh.dk
authors: Casper P
authors: CP
authors: Hagen
authors: Lise
authors: L
authors: Aksglaede
authors: Kaspar
authors: K
authors: Sørensen
authors: Katharina M
authors: KM
authors: Main
authors: Malene
authors: M
authors: Boas
authors: Line
authors: L
authors: Cleemann
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Holm
authors: Claus H
authors: CH
authors: Gravholt
authors: Anna-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Andersson
authors: Anette T
authors: AT
authors: Pedersen
authors: Jørgen Holm
authors: JH
authors: Petersen
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Linneberg
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Kjaergaard
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Juul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C422364:inhibin B; D007265:Inhibins; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone