title: Transurethral puncture for ureterocele-which factors dictate outcomes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated which clinical factors influence the outcome of primary transurethral puncture for ureterocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 patients (47 ureteroceles) underwent primary transurethral incision between 1994 and 2008 at 2 institutions. Age at and mode of presentation, upper tract status, ureterocele site, preoperative vesicoureteral reflux and the corresponding upper pole or kidney function were analyzed to identify which factors influenced the need for secondary surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transurethral puncture was the only treatment in 24 of 45 patients (53%) while 21 (47%) required further surgery. After transurethral puncture secondary surgery was required in 56% of patients who presented prenatally vs 27% of those who presented postnatally (p = 0.165), in 18% with a single system vs 58% with a duplex system (p = 0.036), in 30% with intravesical vs 63% with ectopic ureterocele (p = 0.039) and in 61% vs 37% with ureterocele units with vs without preoperative vesicoureteral reflux (p = 0.148). Fisher's 2-tailed exact test revealed an inconsistent distribution of negative prognostic factors, including duplex systems, ectopic ureterocele and vesicoureteral reflux at presentation, in prenatally vs postnatally and in asymptomatically vs symptomatically presenting subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upper tract status and ureterocele site influence the outcome of primary transurethral puncture as a definitive procedure. After puncture secondary surgery is least likely in patients with a single system and intravesical ureterocele.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, D'Annunzio University of Chieti, Italy.
authors: Dacia
authors: D
authors: Di Renzo
authors: Pamela I
authors: PI
authors: Ellsworth
authors: Anthony A
authors: AA
authors: Caldamone
authors: Pierluigi Lelli
authors: PL
authors: Chiesa
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000628:therapy*; D014521:Urethra