Regression of target organ damage in children and adolescents with primary hypertension.
We assessed the effects of 12 months of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, regression of target organ damage (TOD) and metabolic abnormalities in 86 children (14.1 ± 2.4 years) with primary hypertension. Twenty-four hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (130 ± 8 vs 126 ± 8, 73 ± 7 vs 70 ± 7, p = 0.0001 and 0.004 respectively). Body mass index (BMI) did not change, but waist-to-hip (0.85 ± 0.07 vs 0.83 ± 0.05, p = 0.01) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR; 0.49 ± 0.07 vs 0.48 ± 0.05, p = 0.008) decreased. Left ventricular mass index (LVMi; 38.5 ± 10.7 vs 35.2 ± 7.5 g/m(2.7), p = 0.0001), prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (46.5% vs 31.4%; p = 0.0001), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT; 0.44 ± 0.05 vs 0.42 ± 0.04 mm, p = 0.0001), wall cross sectional area (WCSA; 7.5 ± 1.3 vs 6.9 ± 1.2 mm(2), p = 0.002), hsCRP (1.1 ± 1.0 vs 0.7 ± 0.7 mg/l, p = 0.002), and LDL-cholesterol (115 ± 33 vs 107 ± 26 mg/dl, p = 0.001) decreased. Patients who had lowered BP had a lower cIMT at the second examination (0.41 ± 0.04 vs 0.43 ± 0.04 mm, p = 0.04) and lower initial hsCRP values (0.9 ± 0.7 vs 1.5 ± 1.3 mg/l, p = 0.04) in comparison to non-responders. Regression analysis revealed that the main predictor of LVMi decrease was a decrease in abdominal fat expressed as a decrease in waist circumference (WC) (R (2) = 0.280, β = 0.558, p = 0.005), for WCSA-SDS a decrease in WC (R (2) = 0.332, β = 0.611, p = 0.009) and for a cIMT-SDS decrease the main predictor was a decrease in hsCRP concentrations (R (2) = 0.137, β = 0.412, p = 0.03). Standard antihypertensive treatment lowered BP and led to regression of TOD in hypertensive children. Lean body mass increase and decrease in abdominal obesity correlated with TOD regression.
Litwin
Mieczyslaw
M
Department of Research, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, 04-730, Poland. m.litwin@czd.pl
Niemirska
Anna
A
Sladowska-Kozlowska
Joanna
J
Wierzbicka
Aldona
A
Janas
Roman
R
Wawer
Zbigniew T
ZT
Wisniewski
Andrzej
A
Feber
Janusz
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011044:Poland; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents