title: Evaluation of the association of urokinase plasminogen activator system gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and pathological development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is a serine proteinase system involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The levels of uPA system components in tumor tissues are implicated as prognostic biomarkers in a wide range of malignancies. Although the contributions of uPA system components to the formation of many types of cancer are well known, their possible association with the prediction of risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 HCC patients and 344 controls were recruited. Genetic polymorphisms of uPA system genes, including uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When individuals were classified into male and female subgroups to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each uPA system gene, the HCC risks of males and females with PAI-1 5G/5G genotype were 6.06-fold (95% CI = 1.39-26.36) and 0.04-fold (95% CI = 0.003-0.69), respectively, as compared with those with PAI-1 4G/4G genotype. High risk for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive clinical status and significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration were exhibited in HCC patients with PAI-1 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes as compared with 4G/4G homozygotes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that PAI-1 genotypes could be an important factor contributing to increased susceptibility and pathological development of HCC in Taiwanese population.
authors: Graduate Institute of Applied Science of Living, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Jui
authors: CJ
authors: Weng
authors: Chiung-Man
authors: CM
authors: Tsai
authors: Yi-Chen
authors: YC
authors: Chen
authors: Yi-Hsien
authors: YH
authors: Hsieh
authors: Chiao-Wen
authors: CW
authors: Lin
authors: Yu-Fan
authors: YF
authors: Liu
authors: Shih-Chi
authors: SC
authors: Su
authors: Mu-Kuan
authors: MK
authors: Chen
authors: Shun-Fa
authors: SF
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator