title: Characterisation of the Vitis vinifera PR10 multigene family.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genes belonging to the pathogenesis related 10 (PR10) group have been studied in several plant species, where they form multigene families. Until now, such an analysis has not been performed in Vitis vinifera, although three different PR10 genes were found to be expressed under pathogen attack or abiotic stress, and during somatic embryogenesis induction. We used the complete genome sequence for characterising the whole V. vinifera PR10 gene family. The expression of candidate genes was studied in various non-treated tissues and following somatic embryogenesis induction by the auxin 2,4-D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to the three V. vinifera PR10 genes already described, namely VvPR10.1, VvPR10.2 and VvPR10.3, fourteen different PR10 related sequences were identified. Showing high similarity, they form a single cluster on the chromosome 5 comprising three pseudogenes. The expression of nine different genes was detected in various tissues. Although differentially expressed in non-treated plant organs, several genes were up-regulated in tissues treated with 2,4-D, as expected for PR genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PR10 genes form a multigene family in V. vinifera, as found in birch, apple or peach. Seventeen closely related PR10 sequences are arranged in a tandem array on the chromosome 5, probably reflecting small-scale duplications during evolution. Various expression patterns were found for nine studied genes, highlighting functional diversification. A phylogenetic comparison of deduced proteins with PR10 proteins of other plants showed a characteristic low intraspecific variability. Particularly, a group of seven close tandem duplicates including VvPR10.1, VvPR10.2 and VvPR10.3 showed a very high similarity, suggesting concerted evolution or/and recent duplications.
authors: Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568, 68 008 Colmar Cedex, France.
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Lebel
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Schellenbaum
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Walter
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Maillot
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020131:Genes, Duplicate; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011544:Pseudogenes; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; C053376:pathogenesis-related proteins, plant; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid