title: Degradation of PAH in a creosote-contaminated soil. A comparison between the effects of willows (Salix viminalis), wheat straw and a nonionic surfactant.
abstract: The degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in an aged creosote-contaminated soil in the presence of Salix viminalis was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Phenanthrene and pyrene were degraded 100% and 80%, respectively, in the presence of plants but only 68% and 63% without plants. The effects of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 or the addition of straw, without plants, were also studied. The addition of straw had no effect on PAH degradation compared to the control Pyrene degradation with Triton X-100 at low concentrations (0.06 microl g(-1) DW) was comparable to that with plants but was less for anthracene and phenanthrene. The treatments with plants were, according to SIR measurements, dominated by active microorganisms (98.8% of the biomass), whereas all treatments without plants contained mostly dormant or non-growing microorganisms (1.7-2.0% active). Viable counts and active biomass were highly correlated in all treatments and demonstrated that S. viminalis greatly increased microbial populations. Dominant bacteria were grouped according to Gram, fluorescence and oxidase tests and revealed differences between treatments. The presence of S. viminalis or the surfactant enhanced PAH degradation, primarily by a rhizosphere effect on the microbial activity in the former case and by increased bioavailability in the latter case.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Hultgren
authors: Leticia
authors: L
authors: Pizzul
authors: María del Pilar
authors: Mdel P
authors: Castillo
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Granhall
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018533:Biomass; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003407:Creosote / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D032108:Salix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C031181:phenanthrene; D003407:Creosote; C030984:pyrene