title: GRIM-19 Expression and Function in Human Gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether the expression of GRIM-19 is correlated with pathologic types and malignant grades in gliomas, and determined the function of GRIM-19 in human gliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor tissues were isolated and frozen at -80 just after surgery. The tissues consisted of normal brain tissue (4), astrocytomas (2), anaplastic astrocytomas (2), oligodendrogliomas (13), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (11), and glioblastomas (16). To profile tumor-related genes, we applied RNA differential display using a Genefishing DEG kit, and validated the tumor-related genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A human glioblastoma cell line (U343MG-A) was used for the GRIM-19 functional studies. The morphologic and cytoskeletal changes were examined via light and confocal microscopy. The migratory and invasive abilities were investigated by the simple scratch technique and Matrigel assay. The antiproliferative activity was determined by thiazolyl blue Tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and FACS analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on RT-PCR analysis, the expression of GRIM-19 was higher in astrocytic tumors than oligodendroglial tumors. The expression of GRIM-19 was higher in high-grade tumors than low-grade tumors or normal brain tissue; glioblastomas showed the highest expression. After transfection of GRIM-19 into U343MG-A, the morphology of the sense-transfection cells became larger and more spindly. The antisense-transfection cells became smaller and rounder compared with wild type U343MG-A. The MTT assay showed that the sense-transfection cells were more sensitive to the combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid than U343MG-A cells or antisense-transfection cells; the anti-proliferative activity was related to apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRIM-19 may be one of the gene profiles which regulate cell death via apoptosis in human gliomas.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Yong-Hao
authors: YH
authors: Jin
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Jung
authors: Shu-Guang
authors: SG
authors: Jin
authors: Tae-Young
authors: TY
authors: Jung
authors: Kyung-Sub
authors: KS
authors: Moon
authors: In-Young
authors: IY
authors: Kim