title: Evaluation of the Sysmex UF-1000i® urine flow cytometer in the diagnostic work-up of suspected urinary tract infection in a Dutch general hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Automation and standardization of sediment analysis of urine samples by flow cytometry might serve as an alternative to labor-intensive laboratory methods, such as microscopic examination and culture. The Sysmex UF-1000i is a urine flow cytometer that uses two separate channels for counting blood cells and bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 358 urine samples were analyzed with the Sysmex UF-1000i in parallel with manual microscopy, Gram stain and bacterial culture, the latter considered the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reproducibility for detection of white and red blood cells and bacteria was good, while detection of yeast proved unreliable. Depending on the definition of urinary tract infection (UTI) used, the negative predictive value and the percentage of false-negative results were 100% and 0% [UTI ≥ 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/mL] and 99% and 1.3%, (UTI ≥ 10(4) CFU/mL), respectively. Pre-screening with the Sysmex UF-1000i would have resulted in a reduction of bacterial culture by 42%. Carry over of bacteria between consecutive samples due to the use of fixed sample needle was observed, but did not result in false-positive interpretation of Sysmex UF-1000i results. Because of the occurrence of carry over, samples that have been analyzed with the Sysmex UF-1000i cannot be used for subsequent urine culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the Sysmex UF-1000i offers the possibility for screening high numbers of urine samples in a fast and standardized way, resulting in a reduction in workload and speeding the diagnostic process. It is not recommended for use in complicated patient populations, such as neutropenic patients and patients in whom yeast infection is suspected.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands. w.c.vanderzwet@dz.nl
authors: Wil C
authors: WC
authors: van der Zwet
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Hessels
authors: Fatih
authors: F
authors: Canbolat
authors: Martine M L
authors: MM
authors: Deckers
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009426:Netherlands; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D015003:Yeasts / Q000302:isolation & purification