title: Moderate postnatal hyperoxia accelerates lung growth and attenuates pulmonary hypertension in infant rats after exposure to intra-amniotic endotoxin.
abstract: To determine the separate and interactive effects of fetal inflammation and neonatal hyperoxia on the developing lung, we hypothesized that: 1) antenatal endotoxin (ETX) causes sustained abnormalities of infant lung structure; and 2) postnatal hyperoxia augments the adverse effects of antenatal ETX on infant lung growth. Escherichia coli ETX or saline (SA) was injected into amniotic sacs in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 20 days of gestation. Pups were delivered 2 days later and raised in room air (RA) or moderate hyperoxia (O₂, 80% O₂ at Denver's altitude, ∼65% O₂ at sea level) from birth through 14 days of age. Heart and lung tissues were harvested for measurements. Intra-amniotic ETX caused right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and decreased lung vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) protein contents at birth. In ETX-exposed rats (ETX-RA), alveolarization and vessel density were decreased, pulmonary vascular wall thickness percentage was increased, and RVH was persistent throughout the study period compared with controls (SA-RA). After antenatal ETX, moderate hyperoxia increased lung VEGF and VEGFR-2 protein contents in ETX-O₂ rats and improved their alveolar and vascular structure and RVH compared with ETX-RA rats. In contrast, severe hyperoxia (≥95% O₂ at Denver's altitude) further reduced lung vessel density after intra-amniotic ETX exposure. We conclude that intra-amniotic ETX induces fetal pulmonary hypertension and causes persistent abnormalities of lung structure with sustained pulmonary hypertension in infant rats. Moreover, moderate postnatal hyperoxia after antenatal ETX restores lung growth and prevents pulmonary hypertension during infancy.
authors: Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Jen-Ruey.Tang@ucdenver.edu
authors: Jen-Ruey
authors: JR
authors: Tang
authors: Gregory J
authors: GJ
authors: Seedorf
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Muehlethaler
authors: Deandra L
authors: DL
authors: Walker
authors: Neil E
authors: NE
authors: Markham
authors: Vivek
authors: V
authors: Balasubramaniam
authors: Steven H
authors: SH
authors: Abman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D018496:Hyperoxia; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000139:chemically induced; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D010100:Oxygen