title: Regulation of interleukin-6 expression in human decidual cells and its potential role in chorioamnionitis.
abstract: Chorioamnionitis frequently precedes both genital tract and placental inflammation and is both a primary cause of maternal morbidity and a major antecedent of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) as well as preterm delivery (PTD). In most cases of chorioamnionitis, neutrophils dominate the decidua. In a subset of these cases, a predominance of monocytes is uniquely associated with both neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and death. The multifunctional cytokine, interleukin-6, promotes local monocyte dominance via several mechanisms. In this study, immunostaining of placental sections revealed significantly higher interleukin-6 HSCOREs in decidual cells (DCs) but not in interstitial trophoblasts, in chorioamnionitis versus gestational age-matched control placentas (P < 0.05). In confluent leukocyte-free term DCs, secreted interleukin-6 levels in incubations with estradiol-17β were increased 2500-fold by IL-1β (P < 0.05). This up-regulation was inhibited by more than 50% in parallel incubations that included medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 12, P < 0.05). Western blotting data confirmed these enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results; quantitative RT-PCR findings demonstrated corresponding changes in interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Specific inhibitors of signaling for both nuclear factor-κB activation and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not for protein kinase C, significantly decreased IL-1β-enhanced interleukin-6 expression levels in cultured DCs. In conclusion, in situ and in vitro results indicate that significantly enhanced interleukin-6 expression levels in DCs during chorioamnionitis could be pivotal in skewing decidual monocyte differentiation to macrophages.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA.
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Lockwood
authors: William K
authors: WK
authors: Murk
authors: Umit A
authors: UA
authors: Kayisli
authors: Lynn F
authors: LF
authors: Buchwalder
authors: S Joseph
authors: SJ
authors: Huang
authors: Felice
authors: F
authors: Arcuri
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Arun
authors: A
authors: Gopinath
authors: Frederick
authors: F
authors: Schatz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003656:Decidua / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004958:Estradiol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate