title: Different roles of 12/15-lipoxygenase in diabetic large and small fiber peripheral and autonomic neuropathies.
abstract: Up-regulation of 12/15-lipoxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, causes impaired cell signaling, oxidative-nitrosative stress, and inflammation. This study evaluated the role for 12/15-lipoxygenase in diabetic large and small fiber peripheral and autonomic neuropathies. Control and streptozotocin-diabetic wild-type and 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice were maintained for 14 to 16 weeks. 12/15-lipoxygenase gene deficiency did not affect weight gain or blood glucose concentrations. Diabetic wild-type mice displayed increased sciatic nerve 12/15-lipoxygenase and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels. 12/15-lipoxygenase deficiency prevented or alleviated diabetes-induced thermal hypoalgesia, tactile allodynia, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity deficits, and reduction in tibial nerve myelinated fiber diameter, but not intraepidermal nerve fiber loss. The frequencies of superior mesenteric-celiac ganglion neuritic dystrophy, the hallmark of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in mouse prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, were increased 14.8-fold and 17.2-fold in diabetic wild-type and 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, respectively. In addition, both diabetic groups displayed small (<1%) numbers of degenerating sympathetic neurons. In conclusion, whereas 12/15-lipoxygenase up-regulation provides an important contribution to functional changes characteristic for both large and small fiber peripheral diabetic neuropathies and axonal atrophy of large myelinated fibers, its role in small sensory nerve fiber degeneration and neuritic dystrophy and neuronal degeneration characteristic for diabetic autonomic neuropathy is minor. This should be considered in the selection of endpoints for future clinical trials of 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
authors: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. obrosoig@pbrc.edu
authors: Irina G
authors: IG
authors: Obrosova
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Stavniichuk
authors: Viktor R
authors: VR
authors: Drel
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Shevalye
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Vareniuk
authors: Jerry L
authors: JL
authors: Nadler
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase