Serratia odorifera: analysis of volatile emission and biological impact of volatile compounds on Arabidopsis thaliana.
Bacteria emit a wealth of volatiles. The combination of coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) analyses provided a most comprehensive profile of volatiles of the rhizobacterium Serratia odorifera 4Rx13. An array of compounds, highly dominated by sodorifen (approximately 50%), a bicyclic oligomethyl octadiene, could be detected. Other volatiles included components of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle such as dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide and methanethiol, terpenoids, 2-phenylethanol, and other aromatic compounds. The composition of the bouquet of S. odorifera did not change significantly during the different growth intervals. At the beginning of the stationary phase, 60 μg of volatiles per 24 h and 60 easily detectable components were released. Ammonia was also released by S. odorifera, while ethylene, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) could not be detected. Dual culture assays proved that 20 μmol DMDS and 2.5 μmol ammonia, individually applied, represent the IC(50) concentrations that cause negative effects on Arabidopsis thaliana.
Kai
Marco
M
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
Crespo
Elena
E
Cristescu
Simona M
SM
Harren
Frans J M
FJ
Francke
Wittko
W
Piechulla
Birgit
B
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009795:Octanes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000378:metabolism; D012705:Serratia / Q000737:chemistry*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
C549933:1,2,4,5,6,7,8-heptamethyl-3-methylenebicyclo(3.2.1)oct-6-ene; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D004220:Disulfides; D009795:Octanes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C005231:methylmercaptan; C054170:dimethyl trisulfide; C021181:dimethyl disulfide; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol