Accelerated solvent extraction of lignin from Aleurites moluccana (Candlenut) nutshells.
Lignin from candlenut shells was isolated using an ethanol-water accelerated solvent extraction method. Yields (based on Klason lignin) increased from about 14 to 33% as temperature increased from 100 to 195 °C and were also influenced by the amount of aqueous acid used to precipitate lignin from the extraction liquor. These yields were higher than could be obtained using a conventional dioxane-water acidolysis method. The resulting lignin was characterized by IR, 31P NMR, and 1H-13C HMQC NMR spectroscopic techniques. The lignin contained predominantly guaiacyl units, and both the total hydroxyl group content and phenolic hydroxyl group content were high.
Klein
Andrew P
AP
Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Beach
Evan S
ES
Emerson
John W
JW
Zimmerman
Julie B
JB
D031284:Aleurites / Q000737:chemistry*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000191:economics; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000191:economics; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents
D056804:Biofuels; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012997:Solvents; D008031:Lignin