title: Reduced expression of reelin (RELN) gene is associated with high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's top five causes of cancer-related deaths. Current treatments available ameliorate HCC; however, current therapy fails to completely treat and prevent HCC, as shown by its high recurrence rate. Recently developed genome-wide gene-expression profile analyses can now robustly detect many candidate genes that are modified by HCC. Here we attempt to identify novel genes displaying altered gene expression profiles when comparing healthy tissue with HCC by means of a double-combination array previously developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-combination array analysis of gene expression profiles and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays were performed on each HCC tissue sample. Subsequently, samples from 48 HCC patients were subjected to quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reelin (RELN) gene was detected as a pertinent tumor suppressor gene by means of this method. Of the 48 clinical samples obtained, 34 (79.2%) displayed reduced RELN expression in tumor tissue, and the expression level of tumor tissues clearly reduced compared with that of corresponding normal tissues (P = 0.002). Eighteen (37.5%) of 48 tumor tissues were found to be hypermethylated on the RELN gene promoter. Moreover, analysis of clinical data revealed an inverse correlation between RELN expression and HCC recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that our in-house double-combination array is an effective and convenient technique in detecting novel genes with altered expression in disease. We suggest RELN is a key regulatory gene associated with the recurrence of HCC.
authors: Department of Surgery II, Graduate School and Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Yukiyasu
authors: Y
authors: Okamura
authors: Shuji
authors: S
authors: Nomoto
authors: Mitsuro
authors: M
authors: Kanda
authors: Masamichi
authors: M
authors: Hayashi
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Nishikawa
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Fujii
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Sugimoto
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Takeda
authors: Akimasa
authors: A
authors: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019175:DNA Methylation; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000091042:Reelin Protein; C000717127:RELN protein, human; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases