title: Methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum protects murine peritoneal macrophages from nicotine toxicity by decreasing free radical generation, lipid and protein damage and enhances antioxidant protection.
abstract: In the present study, methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum Linn (ME-Og) was tested against nicotine-induced murine peritoneal macrophage in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of ME-Og shown high amount of flavonoid and phenolic compound present in it. The cytotoxic effect of ME-Og was studied in murine peritoneal macrophages at different concentrations (0.1 to 100 microg/ml) using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. To establish the protective role of ME-Og against nicotine toxicity, peritoneal macrophages from mice were treated with nicotine (10 mM), nicotine+ME-Og (1 to 25 microg/ml) for 12h in culture media. The significantly (P< 0.05) increased super oxide anion generation, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, oxidized glutathione levels were observed in nicotine-treated group as compared to control group; those were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in ME-Og supplemented groups in concentration dependent manner. More over, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced antioxidant status due to nicotine exposure was effectively ameliorated by ME-Og supplementation in murine peritoneal macrophages. Among the different concentration of ME-Og, maximum protective effect was observed by 25 microg/ml, which does not produce significant cell cytotoxicity in murine peritoneal macrophages. These findings suggest the potential use and beneficial role of O. gratissimum as a modulator of nicotine-induced free radical generation, lipid-protein damage and antioxidant status in important immune cell, peritoneal macrophages.
authors: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
authors: Santanu Kar
authors: SK
authors: Mahapatra
authors: Subhankari Prasad
authors: SP
authors: Chakraborty
authors: Subhasis
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Somenath
authors: S
authors: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D031339:Ocimum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009249:NADP; D009538:Nicotine; D009195:Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D000432:Methanol