Small subunits of RNA polymerase: localization, levels and implications for core enzyme composition.
Bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) contain several small auxiliary subunits known to co-purify with the core α, β and β' subunits. The ω subunit is conserved between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the δ subunit is conserved within, but restricted to, Gram-positive bacteria. Although various functions have been assigned to these subunits via in vitro assays, very little is known about their in vivo roles. In this work we constructed a pair of vectors to investigate the subcellular localization of the δ and ω subunits in Bacillus subtilis with respect to the core RNAP. We found these subunits to be closely associated with RNAP involved in transcribing both mRNA and rRNA operons. Quantification of these subunits revealed δ to be present at equimolar levels with RNAP and ω to be present at around half the level of core RNAP. For comparison, the localization and quantification of RNAP β' and ω subunits in Escherichia coli was also investigated. Similar to B. subtilis, β' and ω closely associated with the nucleoid and formed subnucleoid regions of high green fluorescent protein intensity, but, unlike ω in B. subtilis, ω levels in E. coli were close to parity with those of β'. These results indicate that δ is likely to be an integral RNAP subunit in Gram-positives, whereas ω levels differ substantially between Gram-positives and -negatives. The ω subunit may be required for RNAP assembly and subsequently be turned over at different rates or it may play roles in Gram-negative bacteria that are performed by other factors in Gram-positives.
Doherty
Geoff P
GP
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Fogg
Mark J
MJ
York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK.
Wilkinson
Anthony J
AJ
York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK.
Lewis
Peter J
PJ
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport
D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases