title: Clinical features of echovirus 6 and 9 infections in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical features of echovirus 6 and 9 infections in children have not been comprehensively evaluated, particularly for sporadic cases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features of children with echovirus 6 or 9 infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2000 to 2008, 199 children with culture-proven echovirus 6 or 9 infections identified in a university-affiliated hospital were included. Data extracted from 174 inpatients were further analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age ranged from 4 days to 15 years with a mean of 4.7 years. 123 (62%) were male. The disease spectrums were similar for echovirus 6 (n=100) and 9 (n=74) infections, with aseptic meningitis (49% and 51%, respectively) being the most common syndrome, followed by meningismus, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, and herpangina. All 174 inpatients had fever but the duration of fever was significantly longer in patient with echovirus 9 infection than those with echovirus 6 infections (6.0 days vs. 3.8 days, p<0.001). The rate of leukocytosis (leukocyte count>15,000/μL) were significantly higher in patients with echovirus 6 infections than those with echovirus 9 infection (p<0.001). One neonate with echovirus 6 infection died from hepatic necrosis with coagulopathy, and one infant with echovirus 6 infection and one child with echovirus 9 infection died from brain involvement. Two children had long-term sequelae of seizure disorder. The remaining 169 children (97%) recovered uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For children with echovirus 6 or 9 infections requiring hospitalization, aseptic meningitis was the most common manifestation and fatal outcome or long-term sequel, though rare, might occur.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors: Hao-Yuan
authors: HY
authors: Lee
authors: Chih-Jung
authors: CJ
authors: Chen
authors: Yhu-Chering
authors: YC
authors: Huang
authors: Wen-Chen
authors: WC
authors: Li
authors: Cheng-Hsun
authors: CH
authors: Chiu
authors: Chung-Guei
authors: CG
authors: Huang
authors: Kuo-Chien
authors: KC
authors: Tsao
authors: Chang-Teng
authors: CT
authors: Wu
authors: Tzou-Yien
authors: TY
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004458:Echovirus 6, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004459:Echovirus 9 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004457:Echovirus Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006557:Herpangina / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008580:Meningism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology