title: Differential bone-forming capacity of osteogenic cells from either embryonic stem cells or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: For more than a decade, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been used in bone tissue-engineering research. More recently some of the focus in this field has shifted towards the use of embryonic stem cells. While it is well known that hMSCs are able to form bone when implanted subcutaneously in immune-deficient mice, the osteogenic potential of embryonic stem cells has been mainly assessed in vitro. Therefore, we performed a series of studies to compare the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic capacities of human and mouse embryonic stem cells to those of hMSCs. Embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells showed all characteristic signs of osteogenic differentiation in vitro when cultured in osteogenic medium, including the deposition of a mineralized matrix and expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation. As such, based on the in vitro results, osteogenic ES cells could not be discriminated from osteogenic hMSCs. Nevertheless, although osteogenic hMSCs formed bone upon implantation, osteogenic cells derived from both human and mouse embryonic stem cells did not form functional bone, indicated by absence of osteocytes, bone marrow and lamellar bone. Although embryonic stem cells show all signs of osteogenic differentiation in vitro, it appears that, in contrast to mesenchymal stem cells, they do not possess the ability to form bone in vivo when a similar culture method and osteogenic differentiation protocol was applied.
authors: Twente University, Institute for Biomedical Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Sanne K
authors: SK
authors: Both
authors: Aart A
authors: AA
authors: van Apeldoorn
authors: Jojanneke M
authors: JM
authors: Jukes
authors: Mikael C O
authors: MC
authors: Englund
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Hyllner
authors: Clemens A
authors: CA
authors: van Blitterswijk
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase