title: Expressions of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in gastric cancer: a potential biomarker for prognosis and an ancillary diagnostic test.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the development and prognosis of gastric cancer. NGAL tumor levels were determined in 333 GC patients by immunohistochemistry. NGAL in blood samples from 63 healthy donors and 60 gastric cancer patients were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rate of NGAL expression was correlated with the size of tumor (69.3% in >4 cm tumors vs. 46.1% in ≤4 cm tumors), Lauren's classification (84.3% in diffuse type vs. 28.2% in intestinal type), lymph node metastasis (75.6% vs. 16.4% with no metastasis), vascular invasion (74.9% vs. 26.8% with no invasion), distant metastasis (94.3% vs. 50.3% with no distant metastasis), and TNM stage (81.8% in TNM III+IV vs. 20.5% in TNM I+II). NGAL expression can be used as an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer as indicated by multivariate analysis. Positivity for serum NGAL was higher than that for carbohydrate antigen determinant, CA19-9 (38.1% vs. 12.5%) in TNM I, and higher than that for carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA (58.3% vs. 8.3%) and CA19-9 (58.3% vs. 8.3%) in TNM II. In conclusion, serum NGAL has great potential to be used as an ancillary test for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Increased expression of NGAL in tumors suggests gastric cancer is likely to be at an advanced stage with invasion and metastasis, and also poor prognosis.
authors: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Hui-Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Wang
authors: Xu-Jun
authors: XJ
authors: He
authors: Ying-Yu
authors: YY
authors: Ma
authors: Xiao-Ting
authors: XT
authors: Jiang
authors: Ying-Jie
authors: YJ
authors: Xia
authors: Zai-Yuan
authors: ZY
authors: Ye
authors: Zhong-Sheng
authors: ZS
authors: Zhao
authors: Hou-Quan
authors: HQ
authors: Tao
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins