title: A manually controlled new device for punctuate mechanical stimulation of teeth during functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design a simple and affordable device that could apply standardized mechanical punctuate stimuli to trigger the periodontal mechanoreceptors during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A new manually controlled device using von Frey monofilaments was tested on a phantom and on eight volunteers. Four block design paradigms with different timing were compared. Teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23 and the thumb were stimulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The device did not induce any artefacts in MR images. The most efficient protocol included an epoch duration of 24 s and stimuli delivered at 1 Hz. When stimulating the teeth, activations of the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory areas were consistently obtained, either on the ipsilateral, contra-lateral or both sides. Stimulation of the thumb led to activations of the contra-lateral S1 area and either ipsilateral or contra-lateral S2 area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of this innovative tool should allow to perform fMRI studies aimed to unveil the neural correlates of periodontal neural receptors, and to understand their plasticity induced by tooth loss and their eventual replacement by endosseous oral implants.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Habre-Hallage
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Hermoye
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Gradkowski
authors: Reinhilde
authors: R
authors: Jacobs
authors: Hervé
authors: H
authors: Reychler
authors: Cécile B
authors: CB
authors: Grandin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003481:Cuspid / Q000294:innervation; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000294:innervation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000502:physiology*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D013933:Thumb / Q000294:innervation; D013997:Time Factors; D014070:Tooth / Q000294:innervation*; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult