title: [Risk assessment of fluoride exposure to pork and offal products of pigs in Shanghai City].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the exposure of fluoride to pork and offal products of pigs and assess their health risks in Shanghai residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducting a dietary survey in 1630 residents cluster sampled from four districts in Shanghai. Detecting fluoride in 872 pork and offal samples, and using Monte Carlo method to estimate the chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of fluoride in Shanghai residents caused by eating pork and offal products of pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CDI of fluoride is less than the tolerable daily intake (TDI), and the HQ is less than 1. The intake of pork and offal product is less in elder people than young people (P < 0.05), and that is less in female than male (P < 0.05). The fluoride content in offal is higher than that in pork (P < 0.05), the fluoride in kidney (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.05) is higher than that in other viscera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intake of fluoride from pork and offal products in Shanghai residents is lower than the TDI of fluoride and not reaching the risk level of fluoride causing dental fluorosis, unhealthy of bone and osteofluorosis.
authors: School of Public Health of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. hpeace5@163.com
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: He
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Shaojie
authors: S
authors: Peng
authors: Mingsheng
authors: M
authors: Tian
authors: Taiyi
authors: T
authors: Jin
authors: Gengsheng
authors: G
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides