title: Dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal blood typing and cross-matching by gel column technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testing for canine blood types other than dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 (DEA 1.1) is controversial and complicated by reagent availability and methodology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to use available gel column technology to develop an extended blood-typing method using polyclonal reagents for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal and to assess the use of gel columns for cross-matching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (43-75) were typed for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal. METHODS included tube agglutination (Tube) using polyclonal reagents, a commercially available DEA 1.1 gel column test kit (Standard-Gel) using monoclonal reagent, and multiple gel columns (Extended-Gel) using polyclonal reagents. Blood from 10 recipient and 15 donor dogs was typed as described above and cross-matched using the gel column technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 43 dogs typed for DEA 1.1, 23, 25, and 20 dogs were positive using Standard-Gel, Extended-Gel, and Tube, respectively. Typing for DEA 1.2 was not achievable with Extended-Gel. For 75 dogs typed for DEA 3, 4, and 7, concordance of Extended-Gel with Tube was 94.7%, 100%, and 84%, respectively. Dal, determined only by Extended-Gel, was positive for all dogs. Post-transfusion major cross-matches were incompatible in 10 of 14 pairings, but none were associated with demonstrable blood type incompatibilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gel column methodology can be adapted for use with polyclonal reagents for detecting DEA 1.1, 3, 4, 7, and Dal. Agglutination reactions are similar between Extended-Gel and Tube, but are more easily interpreted with Extended-Gel. When using gel columns for cross-matching, incompatible blood cross-matches can be detected following sensitization by transfusion, although in this study incompatibilities associated with any tested DEA or Dal antigens were not found.
authors: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Rebecca J
authors: RJ
authors: Kessler
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Reese
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Chang
authors: Mayank
authors: M
authors: Seth
authors: Anne S
authors: AS
authors: Hale
authors: Urs
authors: U
authors: Giger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005779:Immunodiffusion / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens