BST-2 mediated restriction of simian-human immunodeficiency virus.
Pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) contain HIV-1 Vpu and SIV Nef, both shown to counteract BST-2 (HM1.24; CD317; tetherin) inhibition of virus release in a species-specific manner. We show that human and pig-tailed BST-2 (ptBST-2) restrict SHIV. We found that sequential "humanization" of the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the pig-tailed BST-2 (ptBST-2) protein resulted in a fluctuation in sensitivity to HIV-1 Vpu. Our results also show that the length of the TMD in human and ptBST-2 proteins is important for BST-2 restriction and susceptibility to Vpu. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of tertiary structure in BST-2 antagonism and suggests that the HIV-1 Vpu transmembrane domain may have additional functions in vivo unrelated to BST-2 antagonism.
Ruiz
Autumn
A
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
Lau
David
D
Mitchell
Richard S
RS
Hill
M Sarah
MS
Schmitt
Kimberly
K
Guatelli
John C
JC
Stephens
Edward B
EB
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D015703:Antigens, CD; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins