title: Febrile urinary tract infections in 0- to 3-month-old infants: a prospective follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To track the clinical evolution of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosed in 0- to 3-month-old infants and characterize uropathogen frequencies, antimicrobial resistance rates, renal abnormalities, and differences in the sexes in this age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed prospectively 46 infants identified in a cohort of 209 children with first UTI diagnosed between July 2006 and July 2008 at the age of 0 to 3 months. Renal ultrasound scanning and voiding cystourethrography examinations were performed in all infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants < 3 months old represented 21% of all children with first UTI. Of these children, 26% were female and 74% were male. Escherichia coli was isolated in 88% of cases and had a high rate of resistance to ampicillin (71%) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (47%); 21% of children had vesicoureteral reflux, which was of low-grade in 67% of cases, with spontaneous resolution before 2 years in all cases. In infants with normal ultrasound scanning results, a low-grade vesicoureteral reflux was subsequently found in 10% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants aged 0 to 3 months represent 21% of children treated for febrile UTI. Boys represent 74% of these cases. E coli is responsible for 88% of UTIs, with a high rate of resistance to antibiotics. When ultrasound scanning examination results are normal, the risk of missing a significant renal abnormality is expected to be extremely low.
authors: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. khalid.ismaili@huderf.be
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Ismaili
authors: Ksenija
authors: K
authors: Lolin
authors: Nash
authors: N
authors: Damry
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Alexander
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Lepage
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Hall
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy