title: Insulin-like growth factors and liver cancer risk in male smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The liver is the primary source of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, yet the relation between IGFs and liver cancer is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-cohort study within a cohort of 29,133 male smokers we examined associations of serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 with liver cancer (50 cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonlinear associations between liver cancer and IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were observed (P=0.04 and P<0.01, respectively), strongest association at lowest levels (odds ratio (OR)=0.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.1-0.7 for 80 vs 30 ng ml(-1) of IGF-I; OR=0.2, 95% CI=0.1-0.6 for 1400 vs 700 ng ml(-1) of IGFBP-3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in male smokers are associated with increased risk of liver cancer.
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. Jacqueline.major@nih.gov
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Major
authors: R Z
authors: RZ
authors: Stolzenberg-Solomon
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Pollak
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Snyder
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Virtamo
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Albanes
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I