Transient glutathione depletion determines terminal differentiation in HL-60 cells.
To better define the role of glutathione (GSH) in cell differentiation, the present study measured GSH concentrations during terminal HL-60 cell differentiation, in the presence and absence of differentiation-inducing agents, and in the presence and absence of GSH altering agents. Interestingly, there was a small transient increase in intracellular GSH levels during dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) induced differentiation. This increase coincided with an increase in nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction capacity, a measure of superoxide anion production, but there was no apparent change in the GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio. Surprisingly, treatment of cells with low doses of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB; 5 microM) or diethylmaleate (DEM; 0.5 mM), which transiently deplete GSH levels to about 40% of control levels, resulted in enhanced differentiation of HL-60 cells exposed to VD3 or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), as well as under un-induced conditions (i.e., spontaneous differentiation). Enhanced differentiation occurred when cells were treated with the GSH-depleting agents 4 hours after treatment with differentiation inducers. These findings indicate that intracellular GSH levels are regulated in a complex fashion during HL-60 cell differentiation, and that transient GSH depletion using low doses of CDNB and DEM enhances the differentiation process.
Krance
Suzanne M
SM
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA.
Keng
Peter C
PC
Palis
James
J
Ballatori
Nazzareno
N
D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000494:pharmacology; D008298:Maleates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
C438044:1,25-dihydroxy-22-ene-vitamin D3; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D007509:Irritants; D008298:Maleates; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D014212:Tretinoin; C014476:diethyl maleate; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide