title: Relationship between alcohol intake and dietary pattern: findings from NHANES III.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between macronutrient dietary patterns and alcohol consumption using the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9877 subjects (5144 males) constituted the study cohort. Dietary interviews were conducted with all examinees by a trained dietary interviewer in a mobile examination center (MEC). Subjects reported all foods and beverages consumed except plain drinking water for the previous 24-h time period. Physical examination and history of alcohol consumption were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association of the levels of alcohol consumption and the percentage of energy derived from macronutrients. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed accounting for the study sampling weight to further explore the relationships between alcohol consumption and calories derived from each macronutrient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who drank were younger than non-drinker controls in both genders (P < 0.01). Alcohol intake was inversely associated with body mass index and body weight in women. Of all macronutrients, carbohydrate intake was the first to decrease with increasing alcohol consumption. In the multivariate analyses, the level of alcohol consumption was found to be an independent predictor associated with lower intake of other macronutrients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that there is an alteration in the daily dietary pattern with increasing alcohol consumption and that energy derived from alcoholic beverages substitutes that from other macronutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Clarian Health Digestive Disease Center and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, 550 N. University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5124, USA. sliangpu@iupui.edu
authors: Suthat
authors: S
authors: Liangpunsakul
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D014481:United States