title: Feasibility study of sentinel lymph node biopsy in esophageal cancer with conservative lymphadenectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node mapping is established in breast cancer and melanoma but not in esophageal cancer, even though many centers have shown that occult tumor deposits in lymph nodes influence prognosis. We report our initial experience with lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients undergoing resection for esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen of 17 consecutive patients underwent resection for invasive esophageal cancer along with sentinel lymph node retrieval (resection rate, 94%). Peritumoral injection of (99m)Tc antimony colloid was performed by upper endoscopy prior to the operation. A two-surgeon synchronous approach via right thoracotomy and laparotomy was performed with conservative lymphadenectomy. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified using a gamma probe both in vivo and ex vivo. Sentinel lymph nodes were sent off separately for serial sections and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age was 60.4 years (range, 45-75 years). Fifteen were male, and thirteen had adenocarcinoma. At least one sentinel lymph node (median, 2) was identified in 14 of 16 patients (success rate, 88%). Sentinel nodes were present in more than one nodal station in five patients (31%). In all 14 patients, the sentinel lymph node accurately predicted findings in non-sentinel nodes (accuracy, 100%). Three patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes had metastases identified in non-sentinel nodes (sensitivity, 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy is feasible in esophageal resection with conservative lymphadenectomy, and initial results suggest it is accurate in predicting overall nodal status. Further study is needed to assess impact on patient management and prognosis.
authors: Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. sarah.thompson@adelaide.edu.au
authors: Sarah K
authors: SK
authors: Thompson
authors: Dylan
authors: D
authors: Bartholomeusz
authors: Peter G
authors: PG
authors: Devitt
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Lamb
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Ruszkiewicz
authors: Glyn G
authors: GG
authors: Jamieson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000965:Antimony; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D017556:Technetium Compounds
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017556:Technetium Compounds; C019096:technetium Tc 99m antimony sulfide; D000965:Antimony; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil