Characterization of biogenic amines and factors influencing their formation in traditional Chinese sausages.
Biogenic amines in 42 traditional Chinese sausage samples obtained from different regions were determined by HPLC. The result showed that cadaverine was the major amine, followed by tyramine and putrescine. A total of 4 groups of samples were identified on the basis of total amines by cluster analysis. Group A included samples showing low amine contents (76.5 to 220 mg/kg) and accounted for 28.5% of the sausages examined. Group B included samples with moderate amine contents (220 to 600 mg/kg) and accounted for 45.2%. Group C included 11.9% of the samples showing high total biogenic amines contents (600 to 1000 mg/kg) and group D contained 14.28% of the samples showing very high levels of biogenic amines (higher than 1000 mg/kg). High correlation coefficients were found between the total counts of Enterobacteria and concentrations of total biogenic amines (r = 0.73). Sanitary quality of raw materials and the specific flora are import factors influencing biogenic amines formation in traditional Chinese sausages. Practical Application: Biogenic amines are considered potentially harmful substances to human health worldwide and are usually found in fermented sausage.Traditional Chinese sausage is one form of spontaneously fermented sausage and manufactured in small-scale plants following spontaneous fermentation. Little information, however, exists on the traditional Chinese sausage.
Lu
Shiling
S
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, PR China.
Xu
Xinglian
X
Shu
Ruihua
R
Zhou
Guanghong
G
Meng
Yong
Y
Sun
Yongming
Y
Chen
Yanping
Y
Wang
Peng
P
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D011700:Putrescine / Q000032:analysis; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D014439:Tyramine / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
D000596:Amino Acids; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D009573:Nitrites; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014867:Water; D002103:Cadaverine; D011700:Putrescine; D014439:Tyramine