Nebulized hypertonic saline without adjunctive bronchodilators for children with bronchiolitis.
OBJECTIVE
The goal was to determine an adverse event rate for nebulized hypertonic saline solution administered without adjunctive bronchodilators for infants with bronchiolitis.


METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of the use of nebulized 3% saline for children<2 years of age who were hospitalized with the primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis at a single academic medical center. The medical records of study participants were analyzed for the use of nebulized 3% saline solution and any documented adverse events related to this therapy. Other clinical outcomes evaluated included respiratory distress scores, timing of the use of bronchodilators in relation to 3% saline solution, transfer to a higher level of care, and readmission within 72 hours after discharge.


RESULTS
A total of 444 total doses of 3% saline solution were administered, with 377 doses (85%) being administered without adjunctive bronchodilators. Four adverse events occurred with these 377 doses, for a 1.0% adverse event rate (95% confidence interval: 0.3%-2.8%). Adverse events were generally mild. One episode of bronchospasm was documented, for a rate of 0.3% (95% confidence interval: <0.01%-1.6%).


CONCLUSIONS
The use of 3% saline solution without adjunctive bronchodilators for inpatients with bronchiolitis had a low rate of adverse events in our center. Additional clinical trials of 3% saline solution in bronchiolitis should evaluate its effectiveness in the absence of adjunctive bronchodilators.
Ralston
Shawn
S
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pediatrics, and Christus Santa Rosa Children's Hospital, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, MSC 7829, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. ralstons@uthscsa.edu
Hill
Vanessa
V
Martinez
Marissa
M
D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic