title: Action of nicotine and ovariectomy on bone regeneration after tooth extraction in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine and ovariectomy on alveolar bone regeneration after exodontias in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 30 days, sham ovariectomized (OVX)/NaCl, sham OVX/nicotine, OVX/NaCl, and OVX/nicotine animals were given 2 daily injections of saline or hemisulfate of nicotine. After this period, exodontic procedures were carried out and treatment continued up to the time of euthanasia on days 7 and 14 when the alveoli were removed for further analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data confirmed that nicotine significantly delays the alveolar regeneration process after dental extraction in rats and showed that the association of nicotine with ovariectomy exacerbates these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that nicotine potentiated the effect of estrogen deficiency on bone regeneration induced by ovariectomy.
authors: Department of Basic Sciences, Dental School of Araçatuba, UNESP-University Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Giscard José Ribeiro
authors: GJ
authors: Machado
authors: Sheila Mônica Damásio
authors: SM
authors: Dias
authors: Alvaro Fancisco
authors: AF
authors: Bosco
authors: Tetuo
authors: T
authors: Okamoto
authors: João César
authors: JC
authors: Bedran de Castro
authors: Rita Cássia Menegati
authors: RC
authors: Dornelles
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D007180:Incisor / Q000601:surgery; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D009538:Nicotine