title: Value of ADC measurements for nodal staging after chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer-a per lesion validation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the performance of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in addition to T2-weighted (T2W) MRI for nodal restaging after chemoradiation in rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients underwent chemoradiation followed by MRI (1.5 T) and surgery. Imaging consisted of T2W-MRI and DWI (b0, 500, 1000). On T2W-MRI, nodes were scored as benign/malignant by two independent readers (R1, R2). Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured for each node. Diagnostic performance was compared for T2W-MRI, ADC and T2W+ADC, using a per lesion histological validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADC was higher for the malignant nodes (1.43 ± 0.38 vs 1.19 ± 0.27 *10⁻³ mm²/s, p < 0.001). Area under the ROC curve/sensitivity/specificity were 0.88/65%/93% (R1) and 0.95/71%/91% (R2) using T2W-MRI; 0.66/53%/82% using ADC (mean of two readers); and 0.91/56%/98% (R1) and 0.96/56%/99% (R2) using T2W+ADC. There was no significant difference between T2W-MRI and T2W+ADC. Interobserver reproducibility was good for T2W-MRI (κ0.73) and ADC (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After chemoradiation, ADC measurements may have potential for nodal characterisation, but DWI on its own is not reliable. Addition of DWI to T2W-MRI does not improve accuracy and T2W-MRI is already sufficiently accurate.
authors: Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Doenja M J
authors: DM
authors: Lambregts
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Maas
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Riedl
authors: Frans C H
authors: FC
authors: Bakers
authors: Jan L
authors: JL
authors: Verwoerd
authors: Alfons G H
authors: AG
authors: Kessels
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Lammering
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Boetes
authors: Geerard L
authors: GL
authors: Beets
authors: Regina G H
authors: RG
authors: Beets-Tan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome