title: Evaluation of nipple discharge cytology and diagnostic value of red blood cells in cases with negative cytology: a cytohistologic correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of nipple discharge cytology and to determine the diagnostic value of the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in cases with negative cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were received either as air-dried or alcohol-fixed slides. All cytology cases were reported by cytopathologists in the Hammersmith Pathology Department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 98 consecutive female patients with nipple discharge cytology in the Hammersmith and Charing Cross hospitals during the period of May 2007 to May 2009. The cytodiagnoses were as follows: 86 cases had negative cytology, 9 cases were C3 (atypia but likely benign), and 3 cases were suspicious for or consistent with malignancy. Thirty of these cases had subsequent biopsy and showed: 9 benign cases, 3 cases with atypical papilloma and 3 cases with a malignant diagnosis (in situ and/or invasive ductal carcinoma). All suspicious and malignant cases with available macroscopic description (whether positive or negative on nipple discharge cytology) were blood stained and on microscopy contained RBCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nipple discharge cytology is a useful method in the diagnosis of malignant and suspicious cases. Further evaluation is needed to assess the value of the presence of RBCs in cases with negative cytology and its correlation with a subsequent diagnosis of malignancy.
authors: Histopathology Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK. h.el-daly@imperial.ac.uk
authors: Hesham
authors: H
authors: El-Daly
authors: Mihir
authors: M
authors: Gudi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D055815:Young Adult