title: A novel device for improving marker placement accuracy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeatability of marker placement has been acknowledged as a major factor affecting the reliability of multi-segment foot models. A novel device is proposed that is intended to reduce marker placement error and its effect on the reliability of inter-segmental foot kinematic data is investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The novel device was tested on eight healthy subjects. Landmarks were identified and indicated on the subject's foot at the start of testing using pen, and these points were used to guide placement. Markers were twice attached by a podiatrist using a standard approach, and twice by a researcher who used the novel device. Replacement accuracy and the kinematic reliability of the foot model data for both techniques were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean marker placement variability using the novel device placement device was 1.1mm (SD 0.28) compared to 1.4mm (SD 0.23) when using standard placement techniques. Results suggest that these reductions in placement error tended to improve the overall reliability of the multi-segment data from the foot model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel device is a simple and inexpensive tool for improving the placement consistency of skin-mounted markers.
authors: School of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom. scott.telfer@gcal.ac.uk
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Telfer
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Morlan
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hyslop
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Semple
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Rafferty
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Woodburn
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results