title: Anti-inflammatory activities of red curry paste extract on lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of an ethanol extract from Thai red curry paste.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line was incubated with the extract (65-260 μg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were examined by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 mRNA and protein level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Nitric oxide production and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation were determined by the Griess method and fluorescence intensity. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and inhibitor κB were determined by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of cells with the extract significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 expressions (P < 0.05) by dose-dependently without cytotoxic effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect was mediated partly by inhibiting activation of inhibitor κB-α and mitogen-activated protein kinases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Thai red curry paste stem from bioactive compounds present in the spice and herb constituents. The health benefits of Thai red curry paste warrant further investigations in vivo.
authors: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. nustt@mahidol.ac.th
authors: Siriporn
authors: S
authors: Tuntipopipat
authors: Channarong
authors: C
authors: Muangnoi
authors: Pimjai
authors: P
authors: Chingsuwanrote
authors: Montira
authors: M
authors: Parengam
authors: Pranom
authors: P
authors: Chantravisut
authors: Somsri
authors: S
authors: Charoenkiatkul
authors: Saovaros
authors: S
authors: Svasti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases