title: Transmission of drug-resistant HIV type 1 strains in HAART-naive patients: a 5-year retrospective study in Sicily, Italy.
abstract: The transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains might compromise the efficacy of current first-line antiretroviral (ARV) regimens. Between 2004 and 2008, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes of 108 ARV-naive Sicilian patients were amplified and sequenced to describe the prevalence of ARV resistance mutations among HAART-naive HIV-1-infected individuals. The frequency of transmitted drug resistance mutations (DRAMs) was determined by using genotypic interpretation algorithms. The proportion of HAART-naive HIV-1-infected patients in Sicily increased from 18.4% to 23.5% during 2004-2008. Among naive patients, the overall prevalence of DRAMs was 15.7% [17/108; 95% CI: 9.4-24.0]. DRAMs to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nNRTI) were detected most frequently [11/108 (10.2%)], of which K103N was the most prevalent (4.6%), whereas the prevalence of DRAMs was lowest for protease inhibitors (PI) [3/108 (2.8%)]. Drug resistance substitutions associated with two or three drug classes were rarely observed. The prevalence of HIV-1 DRAMs in Sicily was relatively higher than that observed in Italy and other European geographic areas and much higher than in resource-limited countries. However, the possible clinical role played by DRAMs in HAART-naive HIV-1-infected individuals will require further assessment.
authors: Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Diagnosi Sierologica e Virologica dell'AIDS, Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Filippa
authors: F
authors: Bonura
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Tramuto
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Vitale
authors: Anna Maria
authors: AM
authors: Perna
authors: Enza
authors: E
authors: Viviano
authors: Nino
authors: N
authors: Romano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012802:Sicily / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors