title: Anti-asthmatic effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum leaves and Rumex gmelini herbes in conscious guinea-pigs challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin.
abstract: Clerodendron trichotomum leaves and Rumex aquatica herbs are used as a folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but their active ingredients are not known until now. We isolated caffeic acid and phenylpropanoid glycosides, 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside and acteoside [β-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-(4-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside] from their ethylacetate fractions, respectively, and evaluated their anti-asthmatic effects on the aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) challenge in the OA-sensitized guinea-pigs measuring the specific airway resistance (sRaw) during the immediate-phase response (IAR) and late-phase response (LAR), and also measured recruitment of leukocytes and chemical mediators on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in LAR, as well as histopathological survey. Acteoside and 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside (25mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited sRaw by 32.14 and 26.79% in IAR, and by 55.88% and 52.94% in LAR, respectively, whereas caffeic acid (25mg/kg) inhibited sRaw by 30.36% in IAR and 44.12% in LAR, compared to control, but with less effective than dexamethasone, disodium cromoglycate, and salbutamol, respectively. In addition, phenylpropanoid glycosides (25mg/kg) significantly inhibited the recruitments of leukocytes, particularly neutrophils and eosinophils into lung, Furthermore, 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside, acteoside and caffeic acid significantly (P<0.05) inhibited protein content at a dose of 25mg/kg, and histamine content and PLA(2) activity at a dose of 50mg/kg, in BALF. Acteoside had more active than caffeic acid and 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside. However, their anti-asthmatic effects were less than the reference drugs. These results indicated that caffeic acid and its glycosides (25mg/kg) have anti-asthmatic effect as the same manner with dexamethasone and disodium cromoglycate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Gun
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Wan-Kyunn
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Chang Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D032409:Clerodendrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D020005:Propanols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D031804:Rumex / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000420:Albuterol; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; D006632:Histamine; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020005:Propanols; D011506:Proteins; C439395:1-phenylpropanol; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols; C040048:caffeic acid