title: In vitro maturation of oocytes via the pre-fabricated self-assembled artificial human ovary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  create a 3-Dimensional artificial human ovary to mature human oocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  theca and granulosa cells were isolated from antral follicles of reproductive-aged women, seeded into micro-molded gels and self-assembled into complex 3D microtissues. Immunohistochemistry and live-dead staining confirmed theca cell identity and cellular viability at one week respectively. Placement of granulosa cell spheroids or cumulus-oocyte complexes into theca cell honeycomb openings resulted in creation of an artificial human ovary. Oocytes from this construct were assessed for polar body extrusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  theca and granulosa cells self-assembled into complex microtissues, remaining viable for one week. At 72 h after artificial human ovary construction, theca cells completely surrounded the granulosa spheroids or COCs without stromal invasion or disruption. Polar body extrusion occurred in one of three COCs assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  an artifical human ovary can be created with self-assembled human theca and granulosa cell microtissues, and used for IVM and future oocyte toxicology studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women & Infants' Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA. StephanKrotzMD@gmail.com
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Krotz
authors.forename: Jared C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Toni-Marie
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ferruccio
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001187:Artificial Organs; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000166:cytology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology*; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering