title: Antioxidant effect of lidocaine and procaine on reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial dysfunction in the rabbit abdominal aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in the endothelium. We tested the antioxidant effect of lidocaine and procaine on ROS-induced endothelial damage in the rabbit aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aortic rings isolated from rabbits were suspended in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution bubbled with 5% CO(2) and 95% O(2) at 37.5. After precontraction with phenylephrine (PE, 10(-6) M), changes in tension were recorded following a cumulative administration of acetylcholine (ACh 3 x 10(-8) to 10(-6) M). Differences were measured as percentages of ACh-induced relaxation of aortic rings before and after exposure to ROS as generated by electrolysis of the K-H solution. The aortic rings were pretreated with lidocaine or procaine (10(-5) M to 3 x 10(-3) M) to compare their effects, as well as ROS scavengers, catalase, mannitol, sodium salicylate, and deferoxamine, and a catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lidocaine and procaine dose-dependently maintained endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by ACh despite ROS activity (P < 0.05 vs control value). The 3AT pretreated procaine (3 x 10(-3) M) group decreased more significantly than the un-pretreated procaine group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that lidocaine and procaine dose-dependently preserve endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation against ROS attack, potentially via hydrogen peroxide scavenging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Myeong
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Kook
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Ji Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sang Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim