title: Analysis of light scattering from human breast tissue using a custom dual-optical scanning near-field optical microscope.
abstract: In this paper we introduce a custom scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) that simultaneously collects reflection and transmission near-field images along with topography. This dual-optical SNOM uses a bent probe, which allows for axial reflection imaging, accurate surface scanning, and easy identification of topographic artifacts. Using this novel dual-optical SNOM, we image desiccated and non-desiccated human breast epithelial tissue. By comparing the simultaneous SNOM images, we isolate the effects of tissue morphology and variations in refractive indices on the forward- and back-scattering of light from the tissue. We find that the reduction in back-scattering from tissue, relative to the glass slide, is caused by dense packing of the scattering sites in the cytoplasm (morphology) in the desiccated tissue and a thin-film of water adhering to the glass slide (refractive index) in the non-desiccated tissue sample. Our work demonstrates the potential of our customized dual-optical SNOM system for label-free tissue diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer Reiber
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.forename: Gurer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.forename: Cengiz S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Mihrimah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkan
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D020527:Microscopy, Scanning Probe / Q000379:methods*; D055096:Optical Devices; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water