title: Evaluation of the marginal integrity of ceramic copings with different marginal angles using two different CAD/CAM systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and compare the marginal integrity of ceramic copings constructed with the CEREC3 and the EVEREST system employing three different margin angle designs and explore to what extent these CAD/CAM machines can produce acute marginal angles creating restorations with acceptable margins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three brass models were prepared with a different marginal finish line, namely a 0° bevel (or 90° shoulder), a 30° bevel and a 60° bevel. Ten restorations were produced for each finishing line and CAD/CAM system, respectively. The copings were milled from lithium disilicate glass ceramic blocks (IPS e.max(®) CAD). An impression was taken for each model to fabricate a series of 10 replica dies for each marginal design. Quantitative analysis of the margins of each coping was performed using digital photography and image analysis software. The marginal integrity of the restorations was evaluated by detecting and measuring any signs of marginal chipping and the Chipping Factor (CF) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Univariate Analysis of Variance and multiple comparisons (Tukey HSD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average Chipping Factor (CF) of the CEREC copings was: 2.8% for the 0° bevel angle, 3.5% for the 30° bevel angle and 10% for the 60° bevel angle. For the EVEREST copings the average CF was: 0.6% for the 0° bevel angle, 3.2% for the 30° bevel angle and 2.0% for the 60° bevel angle. Univariate Analysis of Variance and multiple comparisons showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the quality of margins between the two systems for the 0° and 60° bevel finishing line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that the introduction of a marginal angle of the restoration increases the potential for marginal chipping. Different CAD/CAM systems which employ different milling processes produce restorations with different amount of marginal chipping, although this only became apparent for a marginal angle of a 60°.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Sotiris
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannetopoulos
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Noort
authors.forename: Effrosyni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsitrou
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic
chemical_list: C520133:IPS e.max CAD LT; D003776:Dental Porcelain