title: Clinical review: topical ophthalmic use of cyclosporin A.
abstract: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunomodulatory agent that primarily inhibits the proliferation and action of T cells. Systemic CsA has been used successfully in solid organ transplantation and noninfectious uveitis. Topical CsA with various formulations has been used in the field of ocular surface diseases since early 1980s. An ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Restasis, Allergan, Irvine, CA), was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2003 to treat dry eye syndrome. This article aims to evaluate the peer-reviewed published scientific literature and to define well-established uses of CsA eyedrops in the field of ocular surface diseases.
authors.affiliation: The Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Canan Asli
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Utine
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Esen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akpek
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001762:Blepharitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy; D016039:Corneal Transplantation; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy; D004655:Emulsions; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012393:Rosacea / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016572:Cyclosporine