title: Azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated periodontitis: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of systemic azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients harbouring P. gingivalis were randomized into test and placebo groups. Test patients received SRP plus 500 mg of azithromycin per day (3 days), and control patients received SRP plus placebo. Clinical [plaque and bleeding indexes, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL)] and microbiological data (four-sites pooled samples, processed by culture) were collected at baseline, and 1, 3 and 6 months, post-therapy. Clinical variables were compared by anova, and microbiological variables by chi-square, signed-rank and Wilcoxon tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen test and 11 placebo patients completed the study. Mean PPD decreased 0.34 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19-0.49] in the placebo and 0.80 mm (CI 0.57-1.04) in the test group after 6 months. For mean CAL gain, the correspondent figures were 0.29 (CI 0.08-0.49) and 0.76 (CI 0.46-1.05), respectively. The frequency of detection of P. gingivalis decreased significantly (p0.01) in the test group after 1, 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, the adjunctive use of systemic azithromycin in the treatment of P. gingivalis periodontitis demonstrated significant clinical and microbiological benefits when compared with SRP plus placebo.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Odontology Etiology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oteo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Figuero
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D017963:Azithromycin; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D002710:Chlorhexidine