title: Tuberculosis among children in Oslo, Norway, from 1998 to 2009.
abstract: We investigated all confirmed cases of tuberculosis (TB) among children (age < 16 y) in Oslo from 1998 to 2009. The overall incidence rate was 2.6 per 100,000 person-y. All 24 children diagnosed with TB were of non-Western origin, and the overall incidence rate in this group was 8.1 per 100,000 person-y. Among children of Somali origin, the incidence rate was 52.5 per 100,000 person-y. Pulmonary infiltrates (n = 7), hilar lymphadenopathy without infiltrates (n = 7) and lymph node TB in the neck (n = 5) were the most common clinical presentations. However, we also diagnosed TB meningitis, spondylitis, coxitis and pleuritis. None of the children were HIV-infected. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultivated in 19 out of 24 cases (79%). Of the 19 culture-positive cases, 13 had been tested with a polymerase chain reaction, of which 7 (54%) were positive. Isolates from 2 patients were resistant to isoniazid, 1 isolate was resistant to streptomycin, and 2 were resistant to both isoniazid and streptomycin. All children were treated according to a directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) protocol. One child with TB meningitis died. Twenty-one patients finished treatment in Oslo, and all were cured without major sequelae or recurrence. TB among non-Western immigrant children is still a challenge in Norway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. kristin.krogh@uus.no
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Surén
authors.forename: Anne Torunn
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Mengshoel
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brandtzæg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents