title: Prevalence and impact on clinicopathological characteristics of human papillomavirus-16 DNA in cervical lymph node metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a basic risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Little knowledge exists about the impact of HPV on clinical diagnostic and therapy of patients with HNSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the evidence of HPV16 in 131 retrospectively collected HNSCC and associated cervical lymph node metastases by HPV16 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p16 immunohistochemistry and its impact on clinicopathological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV16-DNA and p16 overexpression were present in 27% of HNSCCs. All cervical lymph node metastases of HPV16-positive HNSCC showed HPV16-DNA. HPV16 was strongly associated with tumors arising from the oropharyngeal site (p < .000001), favorable outcome after standard therapy in univariate (p = .001) and multivariate (p = .0004) analysis, and cervical lymph node metastases before primary detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV16-diagnostic in cervical lymph node metastases can predict the site of tumor origin in case of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and favorable outcome and should, therefore, be included in routine diagnostic workup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany. daniel.weiss@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koopmann
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000821:virology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000821:virology*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral