title: Pulmonary abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptospirosis in dogs is a multiorgan disease affecting mostly kidneys and liver.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to characterize prevalence, clinical, and radiological features and outcome of dogs with leptospirosis and pulmonary abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty dogs with leptospirosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis at the Small Animal Clinic, Berlin, were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on microscopic agglutination test, blood or urine polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology. Based on clinical and/or radiological signs, patients were grouped into dogs with lung abnormalities (group 1) or without (group 2). Severity of respiratory distress was scored as mild to moderate (grade 1) or severe (grade 2). Thoracic radiographs were scored based on pulmonary changes and location as grade 1 (caudal interstitial pattern), 2 (generalized mild to moderate reticulonodular interstitial pattern), or 3 (generalized severe reticulonodular interstitial pattern with patchy alveolar consolidations). Results of CBC and biochemistry were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five dogs had radiological pulmonary changes (grade 1: 5; grade 2: 14; grade 3: 16); 31 of them had pulmonary distress (grade 1: 13, grade 2: 18). Sixty-seven percent of the dogs with dyspnea grade 2 were mainly euthanized because of respiratory distress. Fifteen percent of the dogs with dyspnea grade 1 and 21% without clinical respiratory signs were euthanized because of acute renal failure or sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 70% of dogs with leptospirosis pulmonary changes were detected. Lung involvement represented a severe complication causing increased case fatality depending on the severity of respiratory distress.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. kohn@vetmed.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steinicke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaser-Hotz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klopfleisch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luge
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nöckler
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*