title: Latitudinal variation in photoperiodic response of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in western North America.
abstract: Reproductive maturation in both male and female three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was strongly photoperiodic in a northern population (Alaska, 61 degrees N) but not in a southern population (Oregon, 43 degrees N) from western North America. Increasing reliance on photoperiod with increasing latitude is a general phenomenon among vertebrates, and is probably due to the anticipation of a narrower window of opportunity for reproduction and development at higher latitudes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA.
authors.forename: Q S
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Yeates-Burghart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cresko
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Holzapfel
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D008297:Male; D009922:Oregon; D017440:Photoperiod; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*