title: Local warming at injection site helps alleviate pain after rocuronium administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various strategies have been proposed to reduce discomfort of pain after rocuronium injection. These studies have shown pretreatment of drugs such as fentanyl and lidocaine to be effective. In a prospective randomized study, we evaluated whether pretreatment with local warming at injection site using an air-warming device could effectively alleviate pain induced by rocuronium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients undergoing spinal surgeries were randomly divided into two groups: group C (control) and group T (treatment). Patients in group T were subjected to warming at 40°C for 1 min prior to injecting 1 ml (10 mg) of rocuronium at the site of venous access. Patients were then assessed for any discomfort and to quantify their discomfort on a 5-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, sex, and weight were comparable between the two groups. Pain on rocuronium administration was reported by 88.9% patient in group C versus 66.7% in group T (p < 0.05). Severe pain was significantly less in group T (35.6% vs. 8.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of warmth over the vascular access prior to rocuronium administration effectively reduces injection-related pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neurosciences Center, Room No. 711, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Charu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Girija Prasad
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Parmod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bithal
authors.forename: Hemanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Surya Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dube
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077123:Rocuronium; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077123:Rocuronium