title: Expression of parvin-beta is a prognostic factor for patients with urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parvin-beta (ParvB), a potential tumour suppressor gene, is a focal adhesion protein. We evaluated the role of ParvB in the upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  ParvB mRNA and proteins levels in UUT-UC tissue were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, the expression of ParvB in tissues from patients with UUT-UC at different stages was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, biological functions of ParvB in urothelial cancer cells were investigated using a doxycycline-inducible overexpression system and siRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blot and mRNA analysis showed downregulation of ParvB expression in frozen UUT-UC tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed high staining intensity of ParvB in normal urothelium, which decreased markedly at advanced stages of UUT-UC (P=0.0000). Moreover, ParvB was an independent prognostic indicator for disease-specific survival of patients with UUT-UC. Functional assays indicated that overexpression of ParvB in an urothelial cancer cell line resulted in decreased cell growth rate and ability to migrate. In contrast, knockdown of ParvB expression increased cell migration ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Downregulation of ParvB expression significantly increased urothelial cancer cell growth and migration. Downexpression of ParvB level in UUT-UC correlated with tumour stage, and was an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for disease-specific survival of patients with UUT-UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K-F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P-L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C-K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: S-K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D017931:DNA Primers; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; C486591:PARVB protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000185:Actinin