CT cross-sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for surgical extracervical approach in patients with substernal goiter. We used a novel classification system based on CT scan cross-sectional imaging (CSI) reconstruction.


METHODS
Medical records of 4297 patients with thyroid disease operated on at our department were reviewed. A CSI classification system defined substernal goiter in the cranio-caudal dimension as: grade 1 (above aortic arch), grade 2 (level of aortic arch), and grade 3 (below aortic arch); in the anteroposterior dimension as type A (prevascular), type B (retrovascular-paratracheal), and type C (retrotracheal); in the latero-lateral dimension as: monolateral or bilateral.


RESULTS
The prevalence of substernal goiter was 222 of 4297 cases (5.1%). Fifteen of 222 cases (6.7%) required an extracervical approach due to grade ≥2 and/or type C substernal goiter (14 of 15 cases). Ten of 15 patients had malignancy.


CONCLUSIONS
The CT-CSI classification system allows us to identify risk factors for extracervical surgical approach in substernal goiter. They are grade ≥2, type C substernal goiter, and malignancy.
Mercante
Giuseppe
G
Department of Otolaryngology, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy. mercante.giuseppe@gmail.com
Gabrielli
Enrico
E
Pedroni
Corrado
C
Formisano
Debora
D
Bertolini
Laura
L
Nicoli
Franco
F
Valcavi
Roberto
R
Barbieri
Verter
V
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006045:Goiter, Substernal / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult