title: Impact of Biopharmaceutics Classification System-based biowaivers.
abstract: The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is employed to waive in vivo bioequivalence testing (i.e. provide "biowaivers") for new and generic drugs that are BCS class I. Granting biowaivers under systems such as the BCS eliminates unnecessary drug exposures to healthy subjects and provides economic relief, while maintaining the high public health standard for therapeutic equivalence. International scientific consensus suggests class III drugs are also eligible for biowaivers. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of class I BCS-based biowaivers, along with the economic impact of a potential expansion to BCS class III. Methods consider the distribution of drugs across the four BCS classes, numbers of in vivo bioequivalence studies performed from a five year period, and effects of highly variable drugs (HVDs). Results indicate that 26% of all drugs are class I non-HVDs, 7% are class I HVDs, 27% are class III non-HVDs, and 3% are class III HVDs. An estimated 66 to 76 million dollars can be saved each year in clinical study costs if all class I compounds were granted biowaivers. Between 21 and 24 million dollars of this savings is from HVDs. If BCS class III compounds were also granted waivers, an additional direct savings of 62 to 71 million dollars would be realized, with 9 to 10 million dollars coming from HVDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Specialty Care Business Unit, Pfizer Inc., New London, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Davit
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Polli
mesh_terms: D001702:Biopharmaceutics / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D017046:Cost Savings; D016527:Drug Costs; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000191:economics; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000145:classification* / Q000191:economics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations