title: Low temperature fabrication of magnesium phosphate cement scaffolds by 3D powder printing.
abstract: Synthetic bone replacement materials are of great interest because they offer certain advantages compared with organic bone grafts. Biodegradability and preoperative manufacturing of patient specific implants are further desirable features in various clinical situations. Both can be realised by 3D powder printing. In this study, we introduce powder-printed magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) structures, accompanied by a neutral setting reaction by printing farringtonite (Mg(3)(PO(4))(2)) powder with ammonium phosphate solution as binder. Suitable powders were obtained after sintering at 1100°C for 5 h following 20-40 min dry grinding in a ball mill. Depending on the post-treatment of the samples, compressive strengths were found to be in the range 2-7 MPa. Cytocompatibility was demonstrated in vitro using the human osteoblastic cell line MG63.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. klammert_u@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klammert
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vorndran
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reuther
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gbureck
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004595:Electroplating / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D010710:Phosphates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011208:Powders / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D011208:Powders; C030781:magnesium phosphate