title: A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe.
abstract: The phylogenetic relationships of numerous branches within the core Y-chromosome haplogroup R-M207 support a West Asian origin of haplogroup R1b, its initial differentiation there followed by a rapid spread of one of its sub-clades carrying the M269 mutation to Europe. Here, we present phylogeographically resolved data for 2043 M269-derived Y-chromosomes from 118 West Asian and European populations assessed for the M412 SNP that largely separates the majority of Central and West European R1b lineages from those observed in Eastern Europe, the Circum-Uralic region, the Near East, the Caucasus and Pakistan. Within the M412 dichotomy, the major S116 sub-clade shows a frequency peak in the upper Danube basin and Paris area with declining frequency toward Italy, Iberia, Southern France and British Isles. Although this frequency pattern closely approximates the spread of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK), Neolithic culture, an advent leading to a number of pre-historic cultural developments during the past ≤10 thousand years, more complex pre-Neolithic scenarios remain possible for the L23(xM412) components in Southeast Europe and elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Myres
authors.forename: Siiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rootsi
authors.forename: Alice A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Järve
authors.forename: Roy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Ildus
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kutuev
authors.forename: Vicente M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Elza K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Khusnutdinova
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pshenichnov
authors.forename: Bayazit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yunusbayev
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Balanovsky
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balanovska
authors.forename: Pavao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudan
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baldovic
authors.forename: Rene J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiaroni
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Di Cristofaro
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villems
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kivisild
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Underhill
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005060:Europe; D018703:Founder Effect; D051456:Gene Flow; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*