title: Dietary olive oil effect on antioxidant status and fatty acid profile in the erythrocyte of 2,4-D- exposed rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to the development of several diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the possible protective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), lipophilic fraction (OOLF) and hydrophilic fraction (OOHF) on oxidative stress and fatty acid profile of erythrocytes in 2,4-D treated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups: control (C), (2,4-D) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w., (2,4-D/EVOO) was given 2,4-D plus EVOO, (2,4-D/OOHF) that received 2,4-D plus hydrophilic fraction, (2,4-D/OOLF) treated with 2,4-D plus lipophilic fraction, (EVOO) that received only EVOO, (OOHF) was given hydrophilic fraction and (OOLF) treated with lipophilic fraction. These components were daily administered by gavages for 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2,4-D treatment lead to decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) associated with a higher amount of MDA level. Erythrocyte membranes' fatty acid composition was also significantly modified with 2,4-D exposure. EVOO and hydrophilic fraction supplemented to rats with or not 2,4-D treatment enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the MDA level. However, lipophilic fraction did not show any improvement in oxidative damage induced by 2,4-D in spite its richness in MUFA and vitamins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EVOO administered to 2,4-D-treated rats protected erythrocyte membranes against oxidative damage by means of preventing excessive lipid peroxidation to increase the MUFA composition and increase maintaining antioxidants enzymes at normal concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Laboratory, UR03/ES08 Human Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders, USCR Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Tunisia. nakbia@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakbi
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tayeb
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabbou
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Issaoui
authors.forename: Abir K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Grissa
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammami
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D000069463:Olive Oil; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006540:Herbicides; D000069463:Olive Oil; D016877:Oxidants; D010938:Plant Oils; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010088:Oxidoreductases