title: The importance of organizational climate and implementation strategy at the introduction of a new working tool in primary health care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transmission of research findings into routine care is a slow and unpredictable process. Important factors predicting receptivity for innovations within organizations have been identified, but there is a need for further research in this area. The aim of this study was to describe contextual factors and evaluate if organizational climate and implementation strategy influenced outcome, when a computer-based concept for lifestyle intervention was introduced in primary health care (PHC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted using a prospective intervention design. The computer-based concept was implemented at six PHC units. Contextual factors in terms of size, leadership, organizational climate and political environment at the units included in the study were assessed before implementation. Organizational climate was measured using the Creative Climate Questionnaire (CCQ). Two different implementation strategies were used: one explicit strategy, based on Rogers' theories about the innovation-decision process, and one implicit strategy. After 6 months, implementation outcome in terms of the proportion of patients who had been referred to the test, was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CCQ questionnaire response rates among staff ranged from 67% to 91% at the six units. Organizational climate differed substantially between the units. Managers scored higher on CCQ than staff at the same unit. A combination of high CCQ scores and explicit implementation strategy was associated with a positive implementation outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organizational climate varies substantially between different PHC units. High CCQ scores in combination with an explicit implementation strategy predict a positive implementation outcome when a new working tool is introduced in PHC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. siw.carlfjord@liu.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carlfjord
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013222:State Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult