title: Protective effect of carnosol on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene that has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preconditioning effects of carnosol on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into control, II/R, and carnosol groups. The II/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h and reperfusion at 2, 4, and 6 h after ischemia. The carnosol group received 3 mg/kg carnosol intraperitoneally 1 h before the operation. The rats were then euthanized, and blood and lung specimens were obtained for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The II/R induced lung injury, characterized by histological changes and significant increasing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein. The activity of lung tissue superoxide was weakened, the tissue myeloperoxidase activity and serum interleukin-6 level increased significantly in II/R groups. A strong positive expression of lung intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were observed. Pretreatment with carnosol markedly reduced lung injury by increasing the tissue superoxide activity and decreasing the myeloperoxidase activity and interleukin-6 level, which was parallel to the decreased expression of ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carnosol was able to ablate lung injury induced by II/R, partly attributed to the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ji-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xue-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhen
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke-Xin
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications*; D027542:Rosmarinus; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C068623:carnosol; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase