title: The efficacy of medical team training: improved team performance and decreased operating room delays: a detailed analysis of 4863 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical team training (MTT) has been touted as a way to improve teamwork and patient safety in the operating room (OR).
  
  
  METHODS
  OR personal completed a 1-day intensive MTT training. A standardized briefing/debriefing/perioperative routine was developed, including documentation of OR miscues, delays, and a case score (1-5) assigned by the OR team. A multidisciplinary MTT committee reviewed and rectified any systems problems identified. Debriefing items were analyzed comparing baseline data with 12 and 24-month follow-up. A safety attitudes questionnaire was administered at baseline and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4863 MTT debriefings were analyzed. One year following MTT, case delays decreased (23% to 10%, P < 0.0001), mean case score increased (4.07-4.87, P < 0.0005), and both changes were sustained at 24 months. One-year and 24-month follow-up data demonstrated decreased frequency of preoperative delays (16%-7%, P = 0.004), hand-off issues (5.4%-0.3%, P < 0.0001), equipment issues/delays (24%-7%, P < 0.0001), cases with low (<3) case scores (23%-3%, P < 0.0005), and adherence to timing guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic administration improved (85%-97%, P < 0.0001). Surveys documented perception of improved teamwork and patient safety. A major systems issue regarding perioperative medication orders was identified and corrected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTT produced sustained improvement in OR team function, including decreased delays and improved case scores. When combined with a high-level debriefing/problem-solving process, MTT can be a foundation for improving OR performance. This is the largest case analysis of MTT and one of the few to document an impact of MTT on objective measures of operating room function and patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Way
authors.forename: Lygia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000592:standards; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States