title: Cardiac alterations induced by a fish-catching diving competition.
abstract: Cardiac changes induced by repeated breath-hold diving were investigated after a fish-catching diving competition. Eleven healthy subjects carried out repeated breath-hold dives at a mean maximal depth of 20 ± 2.7 msw (66 ± 9 fsw) during 5 h. One hour after the competition, the body mass loss was -1.7 ± 0.5 kg. Most of the breath-hold divers suffered from cold and although the core temperature remained normal, a decrease in cutaneous temperature was recorded in the extremities. Systolic blood pressure was reduced in both upper and lower limbs. Heart rate was unchanged, but left ventricular (LV) stroke volume was reduced leading to a decrease in cardiac output (-20%). Left atrial and LV diameters were significantly decreased. LV filling was assessed on a trans-mitral profile. An increase in the contribution of the atrial contraction to LV filling was observed. Right cavity diameters were increased. The cardiac autonomic alterations were in favor of sympathetic hyperactivity. After a fish-catching diving competition in cold water, alterations suggesting dehydration, contraction in plasma volume and sympathetic hyperactivity were observed. Furthermore, enlargements of right cavities were in favor of right ventricular strains. Repeated apnea and swimming in cold water may account for these alterations.
authors.affiliation: UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA Antenne Toulon, IMNSSA, Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Conditions d'Oxygénation Extrême, Marseille, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gargne
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joulia
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Golé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coulange
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bessereau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fontanari
authors.forename: A-V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Desruelle
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gavarry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boussuges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001049:Apnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010953:Plasma Volume; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology