title: Chemical constituents of the deep reef caribbean sponges Plakortis angulospiculatus and Plakortis halichondrioides and their anti-inflammatory activities.
abstract: Chemical investigations of two collections of the deep reef Caribbean sponge Plakortis angulospiculatus resulted in the isolation of a new compound (1) along with the known compound spiculoic acid B (2) belonging to the spiculoic acid class and four other new compounds (3-6) belonging to the zyggomphic acid class. Three new aromatic compounds (7-9) were isolated from the Caribbean sponge Plakortis halichondrioides. The structural determination of the compounds was based on extensive NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds 1-7 were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro assays for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activity, as well as inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation as a result of oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was also evaluated to determine the selectivity index of their bioactivity with respect to cytotoxicity. Compounds 1 and 4 were more potent than the positive control in inhibiting NFκB activity and had IC(50) values of 0.47 and 2.28 μM, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ankisetty
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gochfeld
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Shabana I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slattery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D017691:Caribbean Region; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D007189:Indans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D047229:Plakortis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D007189:Indans; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C490146:spiculoic acid B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II