Infection.
Musculoskeletal infection is a clinical problem with significant direct healthcare costs. The prevalence of infection after closed, elective surgery is frequently estimated to be less than 2%, but in severe injuries, posttraumatic infection rates have been reported as 10% or greater. Although clinical infections are found outside the realm of medical devices, it is clear that the enormous increase of infections associated with the use of implants presents a major challenge worldwide. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of musculoskeletal infections.
Miclau
Theodore
T
Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. ortho.attending.ucsf.edu
Schmidt
Andrew H
AH
Wenke
Joseph C
JC
Webb
Lawrence X
LX
Harro
Janette M
JM
Prabhakara
Ranjani
R
Shirtliff
Mark E
ME
D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D018441:Biofilms; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology