title: Revalidation and update of the TASH-Score: a scoring system to predict the probability for massive transfusion as a surrogate for life-threatening haemorrhage after severe injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Trauma Associated Severe Haemorrhage (TASH)-Score has been recognized as an easy-to-calculate scoring system to predict the probability for massive transfusion (MT) as a surrogate for life-threatening haemorrhage after injury. Changes with respect to management and outcome of these patients over time prompted a revalidation and an update of the TASH-Score.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance of the TASH-Score developed from the 1993-2003 TR-DGU database (Trauma Registry Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie/German Trauma Society) was revalidated on 5834 datasets from the 2004-2007 TR-DGU database with respect to discrimination, precision and calibration. The performance of the TASH-Score applied onto the 2004-2007 TR-DGU database was compared to its initial performance, and the logistic function to calculate the probability for MT was modified for score adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the original TASH-Score was applied onto the 2004-2007 TR-DGU database, a slight increase in discrimination was observed while precision was considerably lower. The predicted rate for MT within the development dataset was 13·9% while the observed incidence was 14·1%. In contrast, the predicted rate for MT within the revalidation dataset was 11·7%, while the observed rate was 8·4%. The logistic function to calculate MT probability was modified, and the TASH-Score was again evaluated against the most recent TR-DGU 2004-2007 database. The high performance of the score was not only restored but enhanced reflected by an increased ROC/AUC of 0·905. The score can be calculated quickly upon arrival of the patient in the emergency department and may be supportive to correct coagulopathy, to activate logistics and for research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Cologne, Germany. Marc.Maegele@t-online.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maegele
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lefering
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wafaisade
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Theodorou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wutzler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouillon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paffrath
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*