title: Quantitation of a de-fluorinated analogue of casopitant mesylate by normal-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: The introduction of Quality by Design (QbD) in Drug Development has resulted in a greater emphasis on chemical process understanding, in particular on the origin and fate of impurities. Therefore, the identification and quantitation of low level impurities in new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) play a crucial role in project progression and this has created a greater need for sensitive and selective analytical methodology. Consequently, scientists are constantly challenged to look for new applications of traditional analytical techniques. In this context a normal-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) method was developed to determine the amount of a de-fluorinated analogue impurity in Casopitant Mesylate, a new API under development in GlaxoSmithKline, Verona. Normal-phase LC provided the selectivity needed between our target analyte and Casopitant, while a single quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to ensure the sensitivity needed to detect the impurity at <0.05%w/w. Standard solutions and samples were prepared in heptane/ethanol (50:50, v/v) containing 1% of 2 M NH(3) in ethanol; the mobile phase consisted of heptane/ethanol (95:5, v/v) with isocratic elution (flow rate: 1.0 mL/min, total run time: 23 min). To allow the formation of ions in solutions under normal-phase (apolar) conditions, a post-column infusion of a solution of 0.1% v/v of formic acid in methanol was applied (flow rate: 200 microL/min). The analysis was carried out in positive ion mode, monitoring the impurity by single ion monitoring (SIM). The method was fully validated and its applicability was demonstrated by the analysis of real-life samples. This work is an example of the need for selective and accurate methodology during the development of a new chemical entity in order to develop an appropriate control strategy for impurities to ultimately ensure patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy. Riet.Dams@googlemail.com
authors.forename: Riet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dams
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernabe
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loda
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papini
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D055808:Drug Discovery; D054879:Halogenation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010880:Piperidines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D010880:Piperidines; C531951:casopitant; D014508:Urea