title: Long-term results of the surgical management of intermittent exotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine long-term surgical success rates (>10 years) for patients with intermittent exotropia and the risk factors for failure of surgery in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An attempt was made to contact all patients who underwent surgical treatment for intermittent exotropia between the years of 1970 to 1998 with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 10 years. Each patient underwent a detailed sensory and motor examination, including measurements of near and distance stereoacuity, cover testing, and ocular rotations. Patients were classified as achieving an excellent, fair, or poor outcome on the basis of motor and sensory outcomes. Risk factor analysis was performed to evaluate associations with a poor outcome and reoperations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 197 patients identified, 50 were reevaluated. When combined motor/sensory criteria for surgical success were used, we found that 38% of patients achieved an excellent outcome, whereas 34% and 28% achieved a fair or poor outcome, respectively. When only the motor criteria were used, we found that 64% had an excellent outcome, whereas the remaining patients achieved either a fair (18%) or a poor (18%) outcome. During the follow-up period, 60% of patients required at least one reoperation. Multivariate risk factor analysis determined that anisometropia (p = 0.03) was associated with a poor outcome, whereas postoperative undercorrection (p = 0.04) and lateral incomitance (p = 0.06) were associated with reoperations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term surgical results in intermittent exotropia are less encouraging when sensory status is added to the evaluation. Patients with anisometropia, lateral incomitance, and immediate postoperative undercorrection are at increased risk for poor outcomes and to require reoperations.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002, USA. s-pineles@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pineles
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ela-Dalman
authors.forename: Anna G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zvansky
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception; D005099:Exotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult