title: Rapid detection of respiratory tract viral infections and coinfections in patients with influenza-like illnesses by use of reverse transcription-PCR DNA microarray systems.
abstract: We prospectively tested 95 nasal swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates taken from 56 adults and 39 children visiting the Reims University Medical Centre (northern France) for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) during the early stage of the French influenza A/H1N1v pandemic (October 2009). Respiratory samples were tested using a combination of two commercially available reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) DNA microarray systems allowing rapid detection of influenza A virus strains, including the new A/H1N1v strain as well as 20 other common or newly discovered respiratory viruses. Concomitantly, a generic and classical real-time RT-PCR assay was performed to detect all circulating influenza A virus strains in the same samples. Of the 95 respiratory samples tested, 30 (31%) were positive for the detection of influenza A/H1N1v virus infection by both RT-PCR DNA microarray and classical real-time RT-PCR detection assays. Among the infections, 25 (83%) were monoinfections, whereas 5 (17%) were multiple infections associating influenza A/H1N1v virus with coronavirus (CoV), human bocavirus (HBoV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Of the 95 respiratory samples tested, 35 (37%) were positive for respiratory viruses other than influenza A/H1N1v virus. Among these infections, we observed 30 monoinfections (HRVs [63%], parainfluenza viruses [PIVs] [20%]), influenza A/H3N2 virus [6%], coronavirus [4%], and HBoV [4%]) and 5 multiple infections, in which HRVs and PIVs were the most frequently detected viruses. No specific single or mixed viral infections appeared to be associated significantly with secondary hospitalization in infectious disease or intensive care departments during the study period (P > 0.5). The use of RT-PCR DNA microarray systems in clinical virology practice allows the rapid and accurate detection of conventional and newly discovered viral respiratory pathogens in patients suffering from ILI and therefore could be of major interest for development of new epidemiological survey systems for respiratory viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie Médicale et Moléculaire, IFR 53/EA-4303, Faculté de Médecine de Reims, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Renois
authors.forename: Déborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talmud
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huguenin
authors.forename: Lauryane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moutte
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strady
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cousson
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lévêque
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andréoletti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult