title: [Effect of methods of application of bacterial ligands on activation of lymphoid organs' effectors in mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of differentiation dynamics and localization of various populations of lymphocytes as well as their expression of TLRs during different methods of administration (intranasal, oral, and subcutaneous) of bacterial ligands of opportunistic microorganisms (Immunovac-VP-4 vaccine) in experiment on mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polycomponent vaccine Immunovac-VP-4 consisting of ligands of 4 opportunistic bacteria was administered to CBA line mice. Groups of mice were immunized orally, subcutaneously, or intranasally. Number of mononuclear leukocytes, as well as levels of cytokines, lymphocytic antigens, and cytotoxic activity of cells were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was demonstrated that modification of immunophenotype of lymphocytes and cytotoxic activity of NK cells depends from route of administration of Immunovac-VP-4 because the most intensive activation of cells occurred in organs proximal to place of vaccine application. However, already 1 day after administration of vaccine there was intensive exchange between lymphoid cells not only in nasal associated lymphoid tissue, bronchial associated lymphoid tissue, and gut associated lymphoid tissue but also in spleen that points to integration of fine mechanisms of mucosal and systemic immune response regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of noninvasive methods of vaccination is an optimal way of safe and mass prevention of infectious diseases.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Akhmatova
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Chertov
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Akhmatov
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kurbatova
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Egorova
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Semenova
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D011512:Proteus Infections / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C088865:VP-4 vaccine; D017778:Vaccines, Combined