title: Aprepitant use in children, adolescents, and young adults for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most common and distressing side effects for cancer patients is chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). New antiemetics, such as the NK-1 receptor inhibitor aprepitant, have been reported to improve control of this side effect in adults. However, little is known about its effect in the pediatric oncology population, with only a few reported cases in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective chart review on the use of aprepitant in the pediatric oncology population in our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two charts and a total of 146 cycles of chemotherapy were reviewed. Mean age was 10 years. Highly emetogenic chemotherapy was used in 23/32 patients and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in 9/32. Antiemetic regimens consisted of aprepitant+5-HT3 RA+dexamethasone (Regimen 1, 20/32 patients) or aprepitant +5-HT3 RA (Regimen 2, in 12/32). Eight out of thirty-two patients were chemotherapy-naïve and received aprepitant on their first cycle. In 24/32 patients, aprepitant was added later in their treatment, with 12/24 reporting resolution of CINV after its addition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aprepitant when combined with standard antiemetics, was well tolerated in the pediatric oncology population studied. However, there is still a need to conduct prospective studies to determine the optimal efficacy of aprepitant in the pediatric oncology population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Mi Rim
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiles
authors.forename: Nita L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Seibel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077608:Aprepitant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009025:Morpholines; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D000077608:Aprepitant; C004180:dexamethasone 21-phosphate; D003907:Dexamethasone