title: Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of phenolic constituents from Klainedoxa gabonensis.
abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Klainedoxa gabonensis Pierre ex Engl. (Irvingiaceae) afforded 12 compounds, namely, ellagic acid (1), ellagic acid 3,3'-dimethylether (2), gallic acid (3), methyl gallate (4), lupeol (5), β-amyrin (7), erythrodiol (8), oleanolic acid (9), betulinic acid (6), hederagenin (10), bayogenin acid (11), and stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (12). Compounds 1-3 and 7-12 were isolated for the first time from this genus. The structures were established on the basis of 1D/2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometric data. Crude extract, fractions (A, B, C and D) and pure compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity using paper disk agar diffusion assay. The test delivered a range of low to high activities for phenolic compounds 1-4, low or missing activities for terpenoid compounds 5-11, and impressive very high antibacterial/antifungal values for two fractions C and D probably due to synergistic effects of compounds. The broth microdilution assay revealed MICs of 15.4-115.1 μg/mL for phenolic compounds, MICs higher than 1 mg/mL for terpenoids and MICs of 4.5-30.3 μg/mL for fractions C and D. The determination of the radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay gave high antioxidant values for the methanol extract and fraction D (IC(50) 10.45 and 5.50 μg/mL) as well as for the phenolic compounds 1-4 (IC(50) 45.50-48.25 mM) compared to the standard 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) (IC(50) 44.20 mM).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon. jdwansi@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Jean Duplex
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wansi
authors.forename: David Dako
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chiozem
authors.forename: Alain Tadjong
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tcho
authors.forename: Flavien Aristide A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Toze
authors.forename: Krishna Prasad
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Devkota
authors.forename: Bruno Lenta
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Ndjakou
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wandji
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sewald
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D057949:Streptophyta / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl