Functional dissection of IME1 transcription using quantitative promoter-reporter screening.
Transcriptional regulation is a key mechanism that controls the fate and response of cells to diverse signals. Therefore, the identification of the DNA-binding proteins, which mediate these signals, is a crucial step in elucidating how cell fate is regulated. In this report, we applied both bioinformatics and functional genomic approaches to scrutinize the unusually large promoter of the IME1 gene in budding yeast. Using a recently described fluorescent protein-based reporter screen, reporter-synthetic genetic array (R-SGA), we assessed the effect of viable deletion mutants on transcription of various IME1 promoter-reporter genes. We discovered potential transcription factors, many of which have no perfect consensus site within the IME1 promoter. Moreover, most of the cis-regulatory sequences with perfect homology to known transcription factor (TF) consensus were found to be nonfunctional in the R-SGA analysis. In addition, our results suggest that lack of conservation may not discriminate against a TF regulatory role at a specific promoter. We demonstrate that Sum1 and Sok2, which regulate IME1, bind to nonperfect consensuses within nonconserved regions in the sensu stricto Saccharomyces strains. Our analysis supports the view that although comparative analysis can provide a useful guide, functional assays are required for accurate identification of TF-binding site interactions in complex promoters.
Kahana
Smadar
S
Department of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
Pnueli
Lilach
L
Kainth
Pinay
P
Sassi
Holly E
HE
Andrews
Brenda
B
Kassir
Yona
Y
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D019295:Computational Biology; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005813:Genes, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; C080326:IME1 protein, S cerevisiae; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors