title: Joint effect of maternal depression and intimate partner violence on increased risk of child death in rural Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess independent and interaction effect of experience of intimate partner violence and depression on risk of child death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based cohort design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted within the demographic surveillance site of Butajira Rural Health Program in south central Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n=561) who gave birth to a live child.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposure status comprising physical, sexual and emotional violence by intimate partner was based on the WHO multi-country questionnaire on violence against women. Depression status was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Risk of child death and its association with maternal exposure to violence and/or being depressed was analysed by incidence, rate ratios and interaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The child death in the cohort was 42.1 (95% CI, 32.7 to 53.5) children per 1000 person years, and maternal depression is associated with child death. The risk of child death increases when maternal depression is combined with physical and emotional violence (RR=4.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 10.1) and (RR=3.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.4), showing a synergistic interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An awareness of the devastating consequences on child survival in low income setting of violence against women and depression is needed among public health workers as well as clinicians, for both community and clinical interventions.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Deyessa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berhane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emmelin
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ellsberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kullgren
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Högberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046688:Child Mortality; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult