title: Expression of cytokines in rat brain with focal cerebral ischemia after grafting with bone marrow stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to observe nine factors expressed in rat ischemic brain after transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and/or endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). These factors were vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-l), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: a vehicle group, BMSC group, EPC group and BMSC combined with EPC group. The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) then implanted intravenously with 3 × 10(6) BMSC, EPC, BMSC/EPC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 24 h after MCAO. Neurologic functional deficits were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 28 after transplantation. On day 7 after transplantation, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were employed to detect the expression of VEGF, SDF-1, bFGF, IGF-l, TGF-β, PDGF-BB, BDNF, GDNF and NGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neurologic evaluation found that the neurologic severity scores were no different between the four groups on day 1, and the scores of rats in the BMSC/EPC group were significantly lower than those of rats in the other groups on days 7, 14 and 28 after transplantation. The expressions of bFGF, VEGF and BNDF were significantly higher in the BMSC/EPC group compared with the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intravenous transplantation of BMSC combined with EPC could promote the functional rehabilitation of rats with focal cerebral ischemia, and the mechanism may be related to the enhanced expression of factors.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhou
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying-Qian
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jiang-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Sheng-Bing
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Shi-Zhong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Yan-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ru-Xiang
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors