title: The role of anthropometric measurements in nasal surgery and research: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anthropometric measurements of the nose provide objective data about the size and shape of the nose. Data of average nasal anthropometric values for various ethnic groups is promoted to be of great importance in planning aesthetic nasal surgery, but there may be fundamental problems with this approach.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To collate existing knowledge on nasal anthropometry and, determine its value to the nasal surgeon, in planning aesthetic nasal surgery and in research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured search of PubMed was performed from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2009 focussing on nasal anthropometry. The MeSH keywords used were nasal/nose, anthropometry/history/methods/measurements, aesthetic, surgery, nose, otorhinolaryngologic surgical procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is published literature on the average values of the nasal dimensions for various ethnic groups, to aid surgeons in planning improvements of the face. However the large overlap of anthropometric data between racial groups and the lack of any scientific basis for the concept of race means that the published data for racial groups is of little use in planning nasal surgery. Nasal anthropometry, however, helps to answer important clinical questions in research. It has established the role of primary rhinoplasty in patients with cleft lip nasal deformity. It serves as an objective tool to investigate whether reconstructive nasal septoplasty in the paediatric population has any deleterious effect on nasal growth. Anthropometry also helps in the characterisation of dysmorphic syndromes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The published anthropometric data for racial groups is of little use in planning nasal surgery. Anthropometric measurements of the nose may help to answer important clinical questions in research on the effects of surgery on nasal and facial development.
authors.affiliation: Common Cold Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. dnmouli@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Doddi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eccles
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*