title: Plasma vitamins B2, B6, and B12, and related genetic variants as predictors of colorectal cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  B-vitamins are essential for one-carbon metabolism and have been linked to colorectal cancer. Although associations with folate have frequently been studied, studies on other plasma vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and colorectal cancer are scarce or inconclusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, including 1,365 incident colorectal cancer cases and 2,319 controls matched for study center, age, and sex. We measured the sum of B2 species riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide, and the sum of B6 species pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid as indicators for vitamin B2 and B6 status, as well as vitamin B12 in plasma samples collected at baseline. In addition, we determined eight polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism. Relative risks for colorectal cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for smoking, education, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and intakes of fiber and red and processed meat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative risks comparing highest to lowest quintile were 0.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.56-0.91; P(trend) = 0.02] for vitamin B2, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.87; P(trend) <0.001) for vitamin B6, and 1.02 (95% CI, 0.80-1.29; P(trend) = 0.19) for vitamin B12. The associations for vitamin B6 were stronger in males who consumed ≥30 g alcohol/day. The polymorphisms were not associated with colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher plasma concentrations of vitamins B2 and B6 are associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This European population-based study is the first to indicate that vitamin B2 is inversely associated with colorectal cancer, and is in agreement with previously suggested inverse associations of vitamin B6 with colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: LOCUS for homocysteine and related vitamins, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Simone.Eussen@farm.uib.no
authors.forename: Simone J P M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Eussen
authors.forename: Stein Emil
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vollset
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hustad
authors.forename: Øivind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Midttun
authors.forename: Klaus
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authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Ase
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authors.lastname: Fredriksen
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authors.lastname: Ueland
authors.forename: Mazda
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authors.lastname: Jenab
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thorlacius-Ussing
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morois
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weikert
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pischon
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zilis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsoulis
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Fränzel J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Duijnhoven
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Laudina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: VanGuelpen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmqvist
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D012256:Riboflavin
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