title: Clinical features of Sjogren's syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of clinical features of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) or naïve to treatment and the possible association with clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre cross-sectional observational study was designed, based on a structured neurologist-administered questionnaire to 440 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of 230 (12%) patients receiving treatment with DMDs (DMDs(+)) and 14 of 210 (6.6%) treatment-naïve patients (DMDs(-) ) showed clinical features of SS. Four primary SS were diagnosed, two of which were DMDs(+) and two were DMDs(-) . Sicca symptoms were significantly associated with higher EDSS scores (P = 0.018), a low frequency of gadolinium-enhanced MRI-positive lesions (P = 0.018) and cerebral disturbances (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening for the clinical features of SS should be performed in patients with MS both receiving treatment with immunomodulatory drugs and without therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Neurosurgical and Behavioural Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. annunziata@unisi.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Annunziata
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Santi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Rezze
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Millefiorini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Riz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarpini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019370:Observation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016899:Interferon-beta