title: Establishment of a cynomolgus macaque model of influenza B virus infection.
abstract: Pathogenicity of influenza B virus was examined in cynomolgus macaques to establish a macaque model suitable for vaccine and antiviral drug development. We prepared influenza B viruses for inoculation with minimal passages after isolation from patients. Macaques inoculated with influenza B virus showed higher body temperature than that before infection for 6 to 12 days. Virus was detected in nasal, tracheal, and bronchial samples until 6 days after inoculation followed by an increase in neutralizing antibody. High levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in nasal swabs from the infected macaques were correlated with fever. Symptoms and duration of the viral replication would be sufficient to evaluate efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. In addition, measurement of immune responses including antibody and cytokine production would provide an immunological rationale in efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. The results suggest that cynomolgus macaques are appropriate model animals for research of influenza B virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines