title: An intron in the cytochrome b gene of Monilinia fructicola mitigates the risk of resistance development to QoI fungicides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene is a key genetic determinant for quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi. A mutation at amino acid position G143 can cause qualitative resistance unless it is part of the recognition site for a self-splicing intron. The objective of this study was to clone and sequence the Cyt b gene from Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, and to assess the risk for the development of a mutation at position 143.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cyt b gene of M. fructicola was 11 927 bp in size and contained seven introns located at cDNA positions (5'-3') 204, 395, 430, 491, 507, 780 and 812 with sizes of 1592, 1318, 1166, 1252, 1065, 2131 and 2227 bp respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the above-mentioned 1166 bp intron, a self-splicing group I intron, was located just downstream of the G143 codon. The Cyt b gene region covering the G143 location and the adjacent 1166 bp intron was PCR amplified and sequenced from Chinese and US isolates, indicating that the intron may be omnipresent in M. fructicola.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first complete Cyt b gene sequence published for M. fructicola or any other Monilinia species, forming the basis for molecular analysis of QoI fungicide resistance. Sequence analysis revealed that the G143A mutation responsible for high levels of QoI fungicide resistance in many plant pathogenic fungi may not develop in M. fructicola unless genotypes emerge that lack the 1166 bp intron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao-Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Meng-Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Liang-Fen
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schnabel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007438:Introns / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D045303:Cytochromes b