A low concentration of atrazine does not influence the acute toxicity of the insecticide terbufos or its breakdown products to Chironomus tepperi.
The acute toxicities of the insecticide terbufos and its major breakdown products individually, as binary mixtures, and in combination with the co-applied herbicide atrazine were evaluated using final instar larvae of the midge Chironomus tepperi. Terbufos, terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone were highly toxic to C. tepperi with mean 96-h EC50 values of 2.13, 3.64 and 2.59 μg/l, respectively. No interaction was observed between atrazine (25 μg/l) and terbufos or its breakdown products while the binary mixture of terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone exhibited additive toxicity. The high toxicities of terbufos and its environmentally persistent oxidation products suggest that contamination of aquatic systems with this insecticide pose a threat to aquatic organisms whether or not atrazine is also present.
Choung
Catherine B
CB
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia. Catherine.Choung@environment.nsw.gov.au
Hyne
Ross V
RV
Stevens
Mark M
MM
Hose
Grant C
GC
D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity
D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C012568:terbufos; D001280:Atrazine; C036515:terbufos sulfone; C036514:terbufos sulfoxide
Chemosphere. 2004 Aug;56(7):701-6
15234167
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 Nov;51(4):681-9
16944040
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2005 Aug;49(2):173-7
15988628
Jpn J Vet Res. 2006 Nov;54(2-3):119-28
17201197
J Environ Qual. 2009 Mar 25;38(3):940-7
19329682
Environ Int. 2001 Jun;26(7-8):483-95
11485216
Chemosphere. 2009 Jul;76(3):428-32
19375150
Chemosphere. 2005 Mar;58(9):1231-9
15789485
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2006 Jul-Sep;12(3):260-7
16967834
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 Oct;51(3):360-6
16865602
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000 May;64(5):748-54
10857461
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Apr;60(3):417-25
20602097
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Jul;21(7):1507-14
12109753
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Aug 15;367(1):418-32
16643988
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2005 Jan;60(1):28-36
15482837
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Mar;21(3):598-603
11878473
J Environ Sci Health B. 1982;17(6):649-73
7166627
Chemosphere. 2008 Mar;71(4):611-20
18160095
J Environ Sci Health B. 1982;17(5):447-62
7175096
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Sep;21(3):371-6
1719943
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2007 Jul;3(3):364-72
17695109
Chemosphere. 2000 Feb;40(3):285-91
10665418
Sci Total Environ. 2004 Apr 5;321(1-3):127-46
15050391
Environ Pollut. 2003;124(3):523-32
12758031
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006 Feb;25(2):623-9
16519327
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2008 Oct;71(2):490-7
18093655
Environ Pollut. 2008 Mar;152(1):217-24
17597270
J Environ Qual. 2001 May-Jun;30(3):750-9
11401264