title: Overexpression of coupling factor 6 causes cardiac dysfunction under high-salt diet in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. We recently showed that coupling factor 6, a component of adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) synthase, induces hypertension by intracellular acidosis, which is related to reactive oxygen species generation. We investigated the effect of high-salt diet on the cardiac performance and reactive oxygen species generation in coupling factor 6-overexpressing transgenic mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline echocardiographic findings, reactive oxygen species generation, protein expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum of Ca-ATPase 2 and phospholamban, and ATP content in the heart were similar between 7-week-old transgenic and wild-type mice. When the mice were fed with 8% salt diet for 20-24 weeks, fractional shortening of the left ventricle was decreased in transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice and was recovered by intraperitoneal administration of anticoupling factor 6 antibody. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in the heart was increased in transgenic mice after the high-salt diet concomitantly with c-Src activation. The level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α was increased in transgenic heart compared with wild-type heart. The protein expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum of Ca-ATPase 2 was decreased and that of phospholamban was increased in transgenic heart. In cDNA microarray analysis, the genes related to ATP synthesis and glycolysis were decreased in transgenic heart, concomitantly with the decrease in ATP content and the increase in β-myosin heavy chain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These suggest that coupling factor 6 induces the development of systolic dysfunction and upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the heart under the high-salt diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashitate
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Magota
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Echizen
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumiyama
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibutani
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000737:chemistry; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000235:genetics; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010086:Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013599:Systole; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D002116:Calcitonin; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D015237:Dinoprost; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D010086:Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012492:Salts; D000099211:Phospholamban; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; C000628217:F(6) ATPase