title: Twelve-month prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, clinicians and researchers lack a data-driven method to assess the risk of suicide attempts. This study reports the results of an analysis of a large cross-national epidemiologic survey database that estimates the 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviors, identifies risk factors for suicide attempts, and combines these factors to create a risk index for 12-month suicide attempts separately for developed and developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys (conducted 2001-2007), in which 108,705 adults from 21 countries were interviewed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The survey assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors across multiple domains, including sociodemographic characteristics, parent psychopathology, childhood adversities, DSM-IV disorders, and history of suicidal behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve-month prevalence estimates of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts are 2.0%, 0.6%, and 0.3%, respectively, for developed countries and 2.1%, 0.7%, and 0.4%, respectively, for developing countries. Risk factors for suicidal behaviors in both developed and developing countries include female sex, younger age, lower education and income, unmarried status, unemployment, parent psychopathology, childhood adversities, and presence of diverse 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders. Combining risk factors from multiple domains produced risk indices that accurately predicted 12-month suicide attempts in both developed and developing countries (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74-0.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suicidal behaviors occur at similar rates in both developed and developing countries. Risk indices assessing multiple domains can predict suicide attempts with fairly good accuracy and may be useful in aiding clinicians in the prediction of these behaviors.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nock
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro Abad
authors.forename: Irving
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Laura Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beautrais
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florescu
authors.forename: Oye
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: Chiyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Elie G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovess-Masfety
authors.forename: Sing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Medina-Mora
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posada-Villa
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: Toma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomov
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014944:World Health Organization / Q000458:organization & administration*
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