Principal component model of multispectral data for near real-time skin chromophore mapping.
Multispectral images of skin contain information on the spatial distribution of biological chromophores, such as blood and melanin. From this, parameters such as blood volume and blood oxygenation can be retrieved using reconstruction algorithms. Most such approaches use some form of pixelwise or volumetric reconstruction code. We explore the use of principal component analysis (PCA) of multispectral images to access blood volume and blood oxygenation in near real time. We present data from healthy volunteers under arterial occlusion of the forearm, experiencing ischemia and reactive hyperemia. Using a two-layered analytical skin model, we show reconstruction results of blood volume and oxygenation and compare it to the results obtained from our new spectral analysis based on PCA. We demonstrate that PCA applied to multispectral images gives near equivalent results for skin chromophore mapping and quantification with the advantage of being three orders of magnitude faster than the reconstruction algorithm.
Kainerstorfer
Jana M
JM
National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics (PPITS/SAFB), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. kainersj@mail.nih.gov
Ehler
Martin
M
Amyot
Franck
F
Hassan
Moinuddin
M
Demos
Stavros G
SG
Chernomordik
Victor
V
Hitzenberger
Christoph K
CK
Gandjbakhche
Amir H
AH
Riley
Jason D
JD
D000465:Algorithms; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
D010100:Oxygen
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