title: In vivo confocal microscopy of long-standing mixed-form vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the morphological characteristics of long-term mixed-form vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo LSCM was performed on a Chinese patient diagnosed as bilateral mixed-form VKC for 14 years. Central cornea, inferior limbus, bulbar conjunctiva, and upper tarsal conjunctiva of both eyes were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infiltration of numerous dendritic cells and inflammatory cells in both bulbar conjunctiva and tarsal conjunctiva were identified under in vivo LSCM, along with proliferation of fibrous tissue in the conjunctival stroma and damage of Vogt palisades. Apart from abnormal appearance of corneal epithelial cells, the infiltration of dendritic cells was occasionally found in the cornea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo LSCM is a useful tool to evaluate the morphology of VKC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qihua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianjiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000473:pathology; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal