title: Effect of extrusion cooking and amylase addition to gruels to increase energy density and nutrient intakes by Vietnamese infants.
abstract: Extrusion cooking and amylase addition are two processing methods used for the preparation of high energy dense (ED) gruels of suitable consistency. A quantitative study of energy and nutrient intakes of 67 infants aged 6 to 10 months in rural areas in Vietnam was carried out to compare the effects of these processes used alone or in combination. Twice a day, for a period of four days each, infants successively ate four gruels prepared from different flours based on a blend of rice, sesame and soybean: an instant flour obtained by extrusion cooking (gruel A), a ready-to-cook flour obtained by extrusion cooking plus alpha-amylase addition (gruel B), a flour produced by milling crude rice, sesame and roasted soybean plus alpha-amylase addition (gruel C) and without amylase (control gruel D). Gruels A, B and C had a high ED of respectively 94, 122 and 124 kcal/100 g while the control gruel D had a low ED (59 kcal/100 g). The intakes of the four gruels were inversely linked to their ED. However, despite the fact that gruels B and C had similar ED, larger intakes were obtained with gruel B, which was attributed to better acceptability. The average energy intakes of high ED gruels A, B and C, respectively 112, 134 and 117 kcal/meal, were significantly higher than that of gruel D (81 kcal/meal). Of the three processing methods, the one combining extrusion cooking and amylase addition gave the best results in terms of gruel acceptability and energy intake.
authors.affiliation: Research unit 204 Nutripass, Preventing malnutrition and associated pathologies, IRD/UM1/UM2/SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Hoan
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mouquet-Rivier
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eymard-Duvernay
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Treche
mesh_terms: D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012275:Oryza; D012424:Rural Population; D031685:Sesamum; D013025:Glycine max; D014744:Vietnam; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000516:alpha-Amylases