title: The use of biochemical markers of bone remodeling in multiple myeloma: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group.
abstract: Lytic bone disease is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma (MM). Lytic lesions rarely heal and X-rays are of limited value in monitoring bone destruction during anti-myeloma or anti-resorptive treatment. Biochemical markers of bone resorption (amino- and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX and CTX, respectively) or CTX generated by matrix metalloproteinases (ICTP)) and bone formation provide information on bone dynamics and reflect disease activity in bone. These markers have been investigated as tools for evaluating the extent of bone disease, risk of skeletal morbidity and response to anti-resorptive treatment in MM. Urinary NTX, serum CTX and serum ICTP are elevated in myeloma patients with osteolytic lesions and correlate with advanced disease stage. Furthermore, urinary NTX and serum ICTP correlate with risk for skeletal complications, disease progression and overall survival. Bone markers have also been used for the early diagnosis of bone lesions. This International Myeloma Working Group report summarizes the existing data for the role of bone markers in assessing the extent of MM bone disease and in monitoring bone turnover during anti-myeloma therapies and provides information on novel markers that may be of particular interest in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece. eterpos@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terpos
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sezer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roodman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abildgaard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vescio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Sanz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chanan-Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonneveld
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harousseau
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: B G M
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Durie
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers