title: Intraoperative frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis and single-institution experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate intraoperative pathologic examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has been an important tool that can reduce the need for reoperations in patients with SLN-positive breast cancer. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (IFS) of SLNs during breast cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 326 patients with breast cancer who underwent IF analysis of SLNs at a single institution. Then, they conducted a meta-analysis that included 47 published studies of IFS of SLNs in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed metastasis in SLNs in 99 patients (30.4%), including 61 patients with macrometastasis (MAM) (>2 mm) (the MAM group) and 38 patients with micrometastasis (Mi) or isolated tumor cell (ITC) deposits (the Mi/ITC group). The overall sensitivity of the institutional series was 60.6% (60 of 99 patients), and overall specificity was 100% (227 of 227 true negatives). The sensitivity of IFS was significantly lower in the Mi/ITC group (28.9%) than in the MAM group (80.3%; P < .0001). According to the meta-analysis of published studies and data from the author's institution (47 studies, for a total of 13,062 patients who underwent SLN dissection with IFS of SLNs), the mean sensitivity was 73%, and the mean specificity was 100%. The mean sensitivity was 94% for the MAM group and 40% for the Mi/ITC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFS of SLNs was more reliable for detecting MAM than for detecting Mi/ITC deposits. It lacked sufficient accuracy to rule out Mi/ITC deposits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Helen Diller and Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Liang-Chih
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Shelley E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Esserman
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Treseler
authors.forename: Stanley P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Leong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*