Magnesium intake in relation to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the long-term associations of magnesium intake with incidence of diabetes, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance among young American adults.


METHODS
A total of 4,497 Americans, aged 18-30 years, who had no diabetes at baseline, were prospectively examined for incident diabetes based on quintiles of magnesium intake. We also investigated the associations between magnesium intake and inflammatory markers, i.e., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fibrinogen, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).


RESULTS
During the 20-year follow-up, 330 incident cases of diabetes were identified. Magnesium intake was inversely associated with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of diabetes for participants in the highest quintile of magnesium intake was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.86; P(trend) < 0.01) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Consistently, magnesium intake was significantly inversely associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen, and HOMA-IR, and serum magnesium levels were inversely correlated with hs-CRP and HOMA-IR.


CONCLUSIONS
Magnesium intake was inversely longitudinally associated with incidence of diabetes in young American adults. This inverse association may be explained, at least in part, by the inverse correlations of magnesium intake with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Kim
Dae Jung
DJ
Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Xun
Pengcheng
P
Liu
Kiang
K
Loria
Catherine
C
Yokota
Kuninobu
K
Jacobs
David R
DR
He
Ka
K
D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
D015850:Interleukin-6; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008274:Magnesium
Magnes Res. 2007 Jun;20(2):107-29
18062585
Circulation. 2006 Apr 4;113(13):1675-82
16567569
J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Dec;22(6):533-8
14684759
Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 May;55(5):1018-23
1315120
Arch Intern Med. 1999 Oct 11;159(18):2151-9
10527292
Br J Nutr. 2010 Feb;103(4):469-72
19941679
J Intern Med. 2007 Aug;262(2):208-14
17645588
Magnes Res. 2004 Jun;17(2):126-36
15319146
Clin Chem. 2007 Mar;53(3):447-55
17234732
Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):59-65
14693967
Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33 Suppl 1:S62-9
20042775
Diabetes Metab. 2004 Jun;30(3):253-8
15223977
Diabetes Care. 2004 Nov;27(11):2701-6
15505008
Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):304-10
19903755
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Jun;29(6 Suppl):S1-205
9243481
Diabetes Care. 2006 Oct;29(10):2238-43
17003299
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;85(4):1068-74
17413107
Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):134-40
14693979
Ethn Dis. 1994 Winter;4(1):15-27
7742729
Diabetologia. 1985 Jul;28(7):412-9
3899825
Diabetes Care. 2005 Jun;28(6):1438-44
15920065
J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(11):1105-16
3204420
Diabetologia. 1990 Sep;33(9):511-4
2253826
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Apr;71(4):921-30
10731498