Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and colorectal polyps in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, And Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
OBJECTIVE
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been documented in animal and human studies to reduce risk for colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, but risk modification for subgroups of the population and effects on hyperplastic polyps have been less studied.


METHODS
Data on recent use of two frequently ingested NSAIDs, aspirin and ibuprofen, were collected at baseline from participants aged 55-74 years in the 10 centers of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). Participants randomized to the intervention arm of the trial received a flexible sigmoidoscopy during a baseline examination. Follow-up of detected polyps was accomplished outside the Trial setting and relevant records were sought and abstracted. Cases (n=4,017) included subjects with a biopsy-proven polyp in the left side of the colon (descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum) detected as a consequence of PLCO screening; controls (n=38,396) were subjects with no left-sided colon polyp.


RESULTS
Regular use of aspirin (≥ 4 times/month) in the past year was inversely associated with hyperplastic polyps (odds ratios (OR)=0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.7-0.9), adenomatous polyps (OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.8-0.9), and advanced adenomas (OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7-0.9). As frequency of aspirin use increased, the prevalence of polyps decreased significantly for each histological classification (P for trend ≤ 0.0004). Similar patterns were found for adenomas and ibuprofen. Overall protection was consistent in both the descending colon or sigmoid and the rectum, but more evident in males. In males, the OR for heavy use of combined aspirin and ibuprofen (≥ 2 times/day) was 0.6 (95% CI=0.5-0.8), as opposed to 0.9 (95% CI=0.8-1.1) in females. The protective effects of NSAIDs for females were apparent only among those with body mass index (BMI) <25 (OR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7-1.0 for regular use of NSAIDs; P interaction=0.04). We also found a slightly stronger protection of NSAIDs in the 70-74 years age group compared with those aged 55-69 years.


CONCLUSIONS
This study of a large general risk population supports previous work that recent use of aspirin and ibuprofen is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal adenomas and demonstrates that this protective effect may be stronger in certain population subgroups and is also evident for aspirin and hyperplastic polyps.
Johnson
Christine Cole
CC
Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. cjohnso1@hfhs.org
Hayes
Richard B
RB
Schoen
Robert E
RE
Gunter
Marc J
MJ
Huang
Wen-Yi
WY
D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin; D007052:Ibuprofen
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