Establishment of a cynomolgus macaque model of influenza B virus infection.
Pathogenicity of influenza B virus was examined in cynomolgus macaques to establish a macaque model suitable for vaccine and antiviral drug development. We prepared influenza B viruses for inoculation with minimal passages after isolation from patients. Macaques inoculated with influenza B virus showed higher body temperature than that before infection for 6 to 12 days. Virus was detected in nasal, tracheal, and bronchial samples until 6 days after inoculation followed by an increase in neutralizing antibody. High levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in nasal swabs from the infected macaques were correlated with fever. Symptoms and duration of the viral replication would be sufficient to evaluate efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. In addition, measurement of immune responses including antibody and cytokine production would provide an immunological rationale in efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. The results suggest that cynomolgus macaques are appropriate model animals for research of influenza B virus.
Kitano
Mitsutaka
M
Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
Itoh
Yasushi
Y
Kodama
Makoto
M
Ishigaki
Hirohito
H
Nakayama
Misako
M
Nagata
Tomoya
T
Ishida
Hideaki
H
Tsuchiya
Hideaki
H
Torii
Ryuzo
R
Baba
Keiko
K
Yoshida
Ryu
R
Sato
Akihiko
A
Ogasawara
Kazumasa
K
D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D014779:Virus Replication
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines