title: Enzymatic AND logic gates operated under conditions characteristic of biomedical applications.
abstract: Experimental and theoretical analyses of the lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase based enzymatic AND logic gates in which the enzymes and their substrates serve as logic inputs are performed. These two systems are examples of the novel, previously unexplored class of biochemical logic gates that illustrate potential biomedical applications of biochemical logic. They are characterized by input concentrations at logic 0 and 1 states corresponding to normal and pathophysiological conditions. Our analysis shows that the logic gates under investigation have similar noise characteristics. Both significantly amplify random noise present in inputs; however, we establish that for realistic widths of the input noise distributions, it is still possible to differentiate between the logic 0 and 1 states of the output. This indicates that reliable detection of pathophysiological conditions is indeed possible with such enzyme logic systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitriy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melnikov
authors.forename: Guinevere
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strack
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Joshua Ray
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Windmiller
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halámek
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bocharova
authors.forename: Min-Chieh
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Padmanabhan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santhosh
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Privman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D035843:Biomedical Research; D039301:Computers, Molecular; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008128:Logic; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007773:Lactates; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide