title: Clinicopathological features of transient myeloproliferative syndrome and congenital leukaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were to determine the spectrum of the clinical and pathological findings, the management and prognosis of patients of transient myeloproliferative syndrome (TMS) and congenital leukaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted over a period of 8 years, from January 2000 to December 2007, at the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suspected patients presenting with fever, pallor, bruises and hepatosplenomegaly and diagnosed as either transient myeloproliferative disorder or congenital leukaemia were studied. The complete blood count, reticulocyte count, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score, liver function tests, karyotyping studies and bone marrow aspiration biopsy were performed in all of those patients. Management and out come was noted. Results were described as frequency percentages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 10,000 patients presenting during this period, 24 patients were diagnosed as either of transient myeloproliferative syndrome or congenital leukaemia. Fifteen of these were diagnosed as patients of TMS and 9 as patients of congenital leukaemia. Down syndrome (DS) was diagnosed in 75% of these patients. TMS patients were put on supportive treatment and recovered spontaneously. One DS patient with congenital leukaemia went into spontaneous remission and 2 of DS patients with congenital leukaemia responded to chemotherapy while rest of them either died or lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMS and congenital leukaemia were not very uncommon in the studied population. Majority had Down syndrome. It is important to differentiate their clinical and pathological presentations for proper management. TMS may resolve with supportive treatment while congenital leukaemia is a fatal condition requiring chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore. nadiasajid9@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sajid
authors.forename: Nisar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Saqib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmood
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009196:Myeloproliferative Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*