title: The curious death of Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840): the case for the maidenhair fern.
abstract: Constantine Rafinesque, a French émigré to America in the early 19th century, was a forerunner of Charles Darwin and a zealous field naturalist who identified thousands of new species of plants and animals. His career was controversial in part because of his unfocused ambition to gain scientific recognition. In his later years he published in many areas apart from biology. His polymathic life ended in 1840 with his death (aged 57) from stomach cancer. In 1826 he had developed an illness he thought was consumption and which he believed was cured by a herbal mixture he devised. It may have contained one or more species of ferns related to one now known to induce human gastric carcinoma. Rafinesque's self-medication may have led to his death years later.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. cambros@uky.edu
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ambrose
mesh_terms: D035681:Adiantum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005602:France; D029001:Herbal Medicine / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000266:history*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D012651:Self Medication / Q000266:history; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000266:history; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts