title: Evaluation of data display for patient-oriented electronic record of anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate visualization methods for specific tasks performed with personal healthcare e-record systems for lay adults and older patients. We investigated common visualization methods for data entry and follow-up of personal and clinical information for self-control of blood coagulation functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five old (72.2 +/- 5.5 years) and 25 young (30.4 +/- 4.9 years) participants completed tasks based on common scenarios, on experimental Web sites with hidden tracking programs. Functional parameters (time, accuracy), subjective parameters (preference, satisfaction), and physiological parameters (heart rate, skin temperature, sweat, respiratory rate, and muscle tension) monitored with miniature sensors were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total time for data entry and information follow-up were significantly longer for older compared with younger participants, with no significant differences in accuracy (errors), in stress-related physiological parameters, in preferences, or in satisfaction between age group. The Menu display was the significantly preferred configuration for data entry in both age groups, based on functional, physiological, and subjective criteria (p < 0.05, Duncan test). The Calendar configuration was significantly preferred for mixed tasks of follow-up and information retrieval, in both age groups, based on functional, physiological, and subjective criteria (p < 0.05, Duncan test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports equal capabilities of old and young people to use interactive healthcare systems for management of chronic diseases and further encourages using physiological, functional, and subjective methods for evaluating personal healthcare records.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. noemib@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bitterman
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bitterman
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000925:Anticoagulants; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D003626:Data Display; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants