title: Influence of acute and chronic myocardial loading conditions, function, structural changes and extracardiac factors on NT-proBNP in asymptomatic patients with preserved ejection fraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared the effect of different loading conditions, parameters of structural heart disease and extracardiac confounders on NT-proBNP to validate the application of NT-proBNP for a characterisation of loading conditions and clinical course of patients with chronic heart diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  NT-proBNP was measured in 15 controls and 34 patients with preserved ejection fraction and chronic pressure (by aortic stenosis) or volume overload (by aortic or mitral regurgitation) before and after physical as well as dobutamine stress. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with elevated NT-proBNP due to chronic pressure or volume overloaded ventricles, physical and dobutamine stress were associated with only marginal nonsignificant additional NT-proBNP responses. Univariate analyses showed that myocardial fibrosis has the greatest effect on NT-proBNP (P < 0.01). Forward regression analyses revealed left ventricular filling, systolic function, the presence of valvular heart disease, serum creatinine and responses to dobutamine stress as independent determinants of NT-proBNP (P < 0.05 each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NT-proBNP cannot be used simply to characterise intensity of ventricular load. Character and duration of loading conditions, cardiac structure and function, as well as confounders should be considered when NT-proBNP is used for clinical follow-up assessment.
authors.affiliation: Interventionelle Kardiologie Spandau, Neuendorfer Str. 70, 13585, Berlin, Germany. oschulz@cath-lab-spandau.de
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheiner
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mut
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulz-Menger
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berghoefer
authors.forename: Ricarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bensch
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Ingolf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schimke
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004280:Dobutamine; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D004280:Dobutamine
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