title: Anticipatory nausea and vomiting.
abstract: A commonly reported consequence of post-treatment nausea or vomiting is the development of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV). In most published work, nausea is reported to occur before chemotherapy drugs are administered by approximately 20% of patients at any one chemotherapy cycle and by 25-30% of patients by their fourth chemotherapy cycle. Most studies in adult patients strongly support the view that the development of ANV involves elements of classical conditioning. The best method to avoid development of ANV is to adequately prevent both vomiting and nausea from the first exposure to chemotherapy. If anticipatory side effects develop, behavioral treatment techniques, such as systematic desensitization, have been shown effective. Benzodiazepines used in combination with behavioral techniques or antiemetics may also be useful. The evidence on which these conclusions are based is reviewed in this article.
authors.affiliation: James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. joseph_roscoe@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roscoe
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Matti S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aapro
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molassiotis
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D014840:Vomiting, Anticipatory / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines
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