title: Association of interleukin-10 polymorphisms with cytokines in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphic variants are linked with cytokine production and are involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the hypothesis that IL-10 promoter polymorphisms may be associated with cytokine expressions involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 Taiwanese subjects were included in this study; along with a control group, patients had a diagnosis of DN lasting ≥2 years, and patients had a diagnosis of T2DM with normal renal functions lasting ≥5 years. Their IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genotyping and association of blood chemistry, plasma IL-10, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattract protein-1 (MCP-1), and urinary MCP-1 were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-10-(-592) genotype exhibited significant association with cytokine expressions in DN: significantly higher TNF-α and lower plasma IL-10 levels were observed in IL-10-(-592)AA, whereas a higher urine MCP-1 level was found in Taiwanese patients with the IL-10-(-592)CC genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-10-(-592) promoter polymorphisms may influence IL-10 and MCP-1 production, which may be an indicator of nephropathy risk in Taiwanese T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Ching-Chiang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shyh-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hso-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chaung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013624:Taiwan; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10