title: Multiresidue analysis of sulfonamides in meat by supramolecular solvent microextraction, liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection and method validation according to the 2002/657/EC decision.
abstract: A multiresidue method was described for determining eight sulfonamides, SAs (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline) in animal muscle tissues (pork, chicken, turkey, lamb and beef) at concentrations below the maximum residue limit (100 μg kg(-1)) set by the European Commission. The method was based on the microextraction of SAs in 300-mg muscle samples with 1 mL of a supramolecular solvent made up of reverse micelles of decanoic acid (DeA) and posterior determination of SAs in the extract by LC/fluorescence detection, after in situ derivatization with fluorescamine. Recoveries were quantitative (98-109%) and matrix-independent, no concentration of the extracts was required, the microextraction took about 30 min and several samples could be simultaneously treated. Formation of multiple hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic groups of the solvent and the target SAs (hydrogen donor and acceptor sum between 9 and 11) were considered as the major forces driving microextraction. The method was validated according to the European Union regulation 2002/657/EC. Analytical performance in terms of linearity, selectivity, trueness, precision, stability of SAs, decision limit and detection capability were determined. Quantitation limits for the different SAs ranged between 12 μg kg(-1) and 44 μg kg(-1), they being nearly independent of matrix composition. Repeatability and reproducibility, expressed as relative standard deviation, were in the ranges 1.8-3.6% and 3.3-6.1%. The results of the validation process proved that the method is suitable for determining sulfonamide residues in surveillance programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther María
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Costi
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sicilia
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002645:Chickens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005062:European Union; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005663:Furans; D016014:Linear Models; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D008823:Micelles; D049329:Nanostructures; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D003652:Decanoic Acids; D005663:Furans; D008823:Micelles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C018674:tetrahydrofuran; C031071:decanoic acid