title: Efficacy of treatment with verbascoside, biotechnologically produced by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures in an experimental mice model of spinal cord trauma.
abstract: In this study we evaluated the effect of glycosylated phenylpropanoid verbascoside (VB), isolated from cultured cells of the medicinal plant Syringa vulgaris (Oleaceae) in experimental animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. SCI in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis. At 1 and 6 h after injury, the mice were treated with VB extract, administered at the dose of 2 mg/kg with intraperitoneal administration. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase on expression for nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, poly(ADP-ribose), and apoptosis events (increase of Bax and Bcl-2 expression) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the cytokines expression (TNF-α and IL-1β), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase), and activation of NF-κB. In contrast, all of these parameters of inflammation were attenuated by treatment with VB. In a separate set of experiment, we have clearly demonstrated that VB treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with VB extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paterniti
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzon
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galuppo
authors.forename: Placido
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bramanti
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D031662:Syringa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005960:Glucosides; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014443:Tyrosine; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols
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