title: Transmembrane transports of acrylamide and bisphenol A and effects on development of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Acrylamide (AA) and bisphenol A (BPA) are two kinds of pollutants with different structures and polarities. AA found in fried and toasted starchy foods can cause developmental and reproductive toxicity and BPA has neuro-, immuno- and developmental toxicities. Their transports in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were determined and their toxicity characteristics observed. Approximately 70% of AA was concentrated on the outer membrane surface probably via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, but only 0.3% of AA entered the cytoplasm. In contrast, over 10% of the BPA adsorbed to the cells entered the cytoplasm via the membrane by lipid-water partition. The hydrophilic AA and hydrophobic BPA used different cell transport pathways; AA accumulated on the outer membrane surface whereas BPA readily reached the cytoplasm. AA caused acute and indirect toxicity in developing cells, including serious malnutrition and axial malformation. BPA caused chemical damage to developing cells by causing pericardial edema. The antagonistic effect of the AA/BPA mixture's combinational toxicity to embryos was found and explained by the accumulation of AA on the out surface of membrane inhibiting the transfer of BPA to the cytoplasm.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104, USA.
authors.forename: Xun-Chang
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: hwgao@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013696:Temperature; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D020106:Acrylamide; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds