title: Acquisition of G₀ state by CD34-positive cord blood cells after bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hematopoietic stem cells are kept in a quiescent state in the hypoxic area of the bone marrow, which is essential for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. However, when and how hematopoietic stem cells acquire their hypoxic state and maintain quiescence has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to understand this process in human hematopoietic stem cells after bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human CD34-positive cord blood cells were transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient interleukin-2 receptor γ chain knockout mice. Cell cycle and hypoxia assay analyses were performed, to identify changes in the characteristics of human hematopoietic stem cells following transplantation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to analyze the transcriptional changes accompanying this transition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Engrafted primitive lineage-negative CD34-positive CD38-negative cells acquired hypoxic state and quiescence in the recipient bone marrow between 4 and 8 weeks, and between 8 and 12 weeks after transplantation, respectively. During 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, changes in the transcription levels of G₀ regulatory factors, such as CCNC and RBL1, and stem cell regulators, such as Flt3, were also seen, which may be related to the characteristic changes in the cell cycle or oxygenation state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral changes of hematopoietic stem cells in their cell cycle and oxygenation state during and after bone marrow engraftment may provide insights into hematopoietic stem cell regulation, mediating the improvement of clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation protocols and the eradication of leukemia stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Keiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tago
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1