title: Have the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system perturbations in cardiovascular disease been exhausted?
abstract: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in blood pressure control and volume homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of the RAAS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and related cardiovascular disease. Several classes of agents that block RAAS signaling have been shown to be effective antihypertensives and to have cardioprotective and renoprotective properties. Because blockade of the RAAS is incomplete with any of the currently available monotherapies, combinations of these agents have been tested and shown to provide additional clinical benefit in patients with hypertension and various forms of cardiovascular and renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Clinic PC, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Sulaf J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: Fadi G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Hage
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oparil
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D012083:Renin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D012083:Renin; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
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