title: Selective autophagy: ubiquitin-mediated recognition and beyond.
abstract: Eukaryotic cells use autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system as their major protein degradation pathways. Whereas the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the rapid degradation of proteins, autophagy pathways can selectively remove protein aggregates and damaged or excess organelles. Proteasome-mediated degradation requires previous ubiquitylation of the cargo, which is then recognized by ubiquitin receptors directing it to 26S proteasomes. Although autophagy has long been viewed as a random cytoplasmic degradation system, the involvement of ubiquitin as a specificity factor for selective autophagy is rapidly emerging. Recent evidence also suggests active crosstalk between proteasome-mediated degradation and selective autophagy. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link autophagy and the proteasome system, as well as the emerging roles of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-binding proteins in selective autophagy. On the basis of the evolutionary history of autophagic ubiquitin receptors, we propose a common origin for metazoan ubiquitin-dependent autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway of yeast.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Schafmattstrasse 18, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D017510:Protein Folding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D057149:Ubiquitinated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D057149:Ubiquitinated Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Jan;11(1):65-70
references.pmid: 19079246
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 30;105(52):20567-74
references.pmid: 19074260
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2009 Feb 27;33(4):517-27
references.pmid: 19250912
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep;1793(9):1404-12
references.pmid: 19264099
references.citation: J Neurochem. 2004 Oct;91(1):57-68
references.pmid: 15379887
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2000 Dec;10(12):524-30
references.pmid: 11121744
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2007 Dec;6(6):472-83
references.pmid: 18054316
references.citation: Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):481-8
references.pmid: 18497817
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2007 May 22;581(11):2156-61
references.pmid: 17382324
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;9(10):1102-9
references.pmid: 17909521
references.citation: Autophagy. 2010 Apr;6(3):330-44
references.pmid: 20168092
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Nov;10(11):1215-21
references.pmid: 19820708
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2004 Aug 15;117(Pt 18):4239-51
references.pmid: 15292400
references.citation: Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1292-5
references.pmid: 15333840
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 2;280(48):40282-92
references.pmid: 16192271
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2008 May;10(5):602-10
references.pmid: 18391941
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2009 Feb 27;33(4):505-16
references.pmid: 19250911
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Sep;20(17):3828-39
references.pmid: 19605559
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 Nov 1;183(9):5909-16
references.pmid: 19812211
references.citation: DNA Repair (Amst). 2009 Apr 5;8(4):544-56
references.pmid: 19213613
references.citation: Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1149-63
references.pmid: 18083104
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2002 Jan;160(1):255-63
references.pmid: 11786419
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Jun 14;447(7146):859-63
references.pmid: 17568747
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2001 Jun;7(6):1131-41
references.pmid: 11430817
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1995 Nov;131(3):591-602
references.pmid: 7593182
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2010 Apr 23;38(2):265-79
references.pmid: 20417604
references.citation: Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1552-5
references.pmid: 11375494
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):20491-8
references.pmid: 11264288
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 24;281(47):36303-16
references.pmid: 16963441
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1162-6
references.pmid: 16672981
references.citation: EMBO J. 2009 Apr 8;28(7):889-901
references.pmid: 19229298
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2008 Dec 1;183(5):795-803
references.pmid: 19029340
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2010 Jan 26;20(2):143-8
references.pmid: 20060297
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Feb;12(2):119-31
references.pmid: 20098416
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 18;283(3):1437-1444
references.pmid: 18006506
references.citation: EMBO J. 2006 Jul 26;25(14):3357-66
references.pmid: 16810319
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2005 Nov 21;171(4):603-14
references.pmid: 16286508
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Sep 10;178(6):1025-38
references.pmid: 17846173
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):24131-45
references.pmid: 17580304
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2010 Jan 26;8(1):e1000298
references.pmid: 20126261
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2010 Jan;11(1):45-51
references.pmid: 20010802
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Aug 21-27;364(9435):722-4
references.pmid: 15325839
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Nov;34(Pt 5):749-53
references.pmid: 17052189
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2009 Jul;17(1):87-97
references.pmid: 19619494
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;7(8):742-9
references.pmid: 16056265