title: Intracochlear recordings of electrophysiological parameters indicating cochlear damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : The pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in hearing loss during electrode implantation are largely unknown. To better understand the functional implications of electrode implantation, we recorded the effects of cochlear damage on acoustically evoked intracochlear measurements using normal-hearing gerbils.
  
  
  METHODS
  : A metal electrode was placed on the surface of the round window, and recordings of the cochlear microphonic (CM) and compound action potential (CAP) were made in response to stimulation with tone-bursts at various frequencies in 1-octave intervals and at intensities of 15 to 72 dB sound pressure level. The electrode was then advanced incrementally, with CM and CAP measurements obtained at each step. These data were compared with data obtained at the round window, and the electrode was withdrawn when a significant change was observed. After electrophysiological analysis, the cochlea was examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Results show that on electrode insertion, loss of amplitude in the CM and CAP occurs after damage to cochlear structures. Loss of activity was typically first apparent in the CAP rather than the CM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : These results suggest that a reduction of the CAP can be an early marker of interaction of the electrode with cochlear structures. Such measurements are potentially available with slight modifications to current cochlear implant technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7070, USA. adunka@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Oliver F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Adunka
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mlot
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Suberman
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Surowitz
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005849:Gerbillinae
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