title: Characterization of metal-humic acid complexes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
abstract: A new speciation methodology based on the use of 1D-PAGE (one dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), IEF (isoelectric focusing electrophoresis) and 2D-PAGE (two dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) as separation techniques and LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) as detection system have been applied to study the distribution of metal-humic acids (metal-HA) complexes in environmental samples. The use of 1D-Tris borate method using low current (10 mA) and Tris borate as trailing ion previous to LA-ICP-MS measurements, allowed to obtain the distribution of metals-HA complexes from a compost sample maintaining metals-HA complexes stability. It was observed that metals were associated with the smallest HA size fraction (around 3 kDa), validating results obtained by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC), cross-flow field flow fractionation (FIFFF) and ultrafiltration. IEF-LA-ICP-MS profiles indicated that there are two main regions: (A) with 3<pI<4.5 and (B) with pI>5. The biggest metals-HA signals are obtained in A region (low pIs) corresponding to low molecular weight (MW) compounds which are predominant in our compost sample indicating a low stabilization of organic matter is low. These results are coincident with 1D-Tris borate PAGE-LA-ICP-MS results. The use of 2D-PAGE method followed by LA-ICP-MS confirmed the results obtained by 1D and IEF as PAGE methods and added information about humic acid molecular size distribution.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. jimenezm@unizar.es
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Velarte
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Castillo