Characterization of imaging gradients in diffusion tensor imaging.
For obtaining a complete model the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) method is derived in a new linear algebraic framework in order to include the effect of all of the magnetic field gradients on the MRI signal. In the framework, the coefficient matrix of the estimation equations consists of the sum of three matrices corresponding to diffusion gradients, imaging gradients and the cross-terms between them. The derivations demonstrate that there exists modeling incongruities originating from the choice of phase-encoding gradient magnitude and the read-out gradient affecting the entirety of the signal sample points. These reflect on the cross-terms and the imaging gradient coefficient matrix, revealing the DTI's inadequacy for the inclusion of imaging gradients. The linear algebraic framework mitigates the inadequacy by the utilization of center-symmetric gradient schemes. The observations are verified by the experimental results obtained from an isotropic phantom using several existing diffusion gradient schemes.
Özcan
Alpay
A
Biomedical MR Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Box 8227, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ozcan@zach.wustl.edu
D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D004058:Diffusion; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012984:Software
Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 1;31(3):1086-103
16546404
Magn Reson Med. 2005 Dec;54(6):1377-86
16247738
J Magn Reson. 1999 Mar;137(1):67-82
10053134
Magn Reson Imaging. 2000 Jul;18(6):671-9
10930776
Magn Reson Med. 1991 Sep;21(1):138-43
1943671
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001 May;13(5):769-80
11329200
J Magn Reson B. 1994 Mar;103(3):247-54
8019776
J Magn Reson. 2005 Feb;172(2):238-41
15649751
Magn Reson Med. 2001 Jun;45(6):935-9
11378869
Magn Reson Med. 1996 Mar;35(3):399-412
8699953
Magn Reson Med. 2007 Aug;58(2):253-60
17654597
Magn Reson Med. 2005 May;53(5):1088-95
15844157
Magn Reson Med. 1997 Feb;37(2):292-300
9001155
J Magn Reson Imaging. 1994 Nov-Dec;4(6):787-97
7865938
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:2707-10
19964037
Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Nov;28(9):1335-43
20655681
Magn Reson Med. 2009 Apr;61(4):842-50
19215051
J Magn Reson B. 1996 Jun;111(3):209-19
8661285
NMR Biomed. 1995 Nov-Dec;8(7-8):307-32
8739269
Magn Reson Med. 2003 Nov;50(5):955-65
14587006
Magn Reson Med. 2004 Dec;52(6):1358-72
15562495
Magn Reson Med. 2005 Jan;53(1):118-25
15690510
Magn Reson Med. 2007 Apr;57(4):688-95
17390365
Neuroimage. 2007 Aug 1;37(1):164-76
17570683
Neuroimage. 2009 May 15;46(1):47-55
19457371
Neuroimage. 2002 Nov;17(3):1429-36
12414282
Magn Reson Med. 1998 Jun;39(6):928-34
9621916
J Magn Reson. 2000 Dec;147(2):340-52
11097823