title: Chromosome Orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization or strand-specific FISH.
abstract: Chromosome Orientation FISH (CO-FISH) is a technique that can be used to extend the information obtainable from standard FISH to include the relative orientation of two or more DNA sequences within a chromosome. CO-FISH can determine the absolute 5'-to-3' direction of a DNA sequence relative to the short arm-to-long arm axis of the chromosome, and so was originally termed "COD-FISH" (Chromosome Orientation and Direction FISH). CO-FISH has been employed to detect chromosomal inversions associated with isochromosome formation, various pericentric inversions, and to confirm the origin of lateral asymmetry. More recent and sophisticated applications of CO-FISH include distinction between telomeres produced via leading- vs. lagging-strand DNA synthesis, identification of interstitial blocks of telomere sequence that result from inappropriate fusion to double-strand breaks (telomere-DSB fusion), discovery of elevated rates of mitotic recombination at chromosomal termini and sister chromatid exchange within telomeric DNA (T-SCE), establishing replication timing of mammalian telomeres throughout S-phase (ReD-FISH) and to identify chromosomes, in combination with spectral karyotyping (SKY-CO-FISH).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. sbailey@colostate.edu
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Eli S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cornforth
authors.forename: Edwin H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine