title: NuSAP is essential for chromatin-induced spindle formation during early embryogenesis.
abstract: Mitotic spindle assembly is mediated by two processes: a centrosomal and a chromosomal pathway. RanGTP regulates the latter process by releasing microtubule-associated proteins from inhibitory complexes. NuSAP, a microtubule- and DNA-binding protein, is a target of RanGTP and promotes the formation of microtubules near chromosomes. However, the contribution of NuSAP to cell proliferation in vivo is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of NuSAP highly correlates with cell proliferation during embryogenesis and adult life, making it a reliable marker of proliferating cells. Additionally, we show that NuSAP deficiency in mice leads to early embryonic lethality. Spindle assembly in NuSAP-deficient cells is highly inefficient and chromosomes remain dispersed in the mitotic cytoplasm. As a result of sustained spindle checkpoint activity, the cells are unable to progress through mitosis, eventually leading to caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Together, our findings demonstrate that NuSAP is essential for proliferation of embryonic cells and, simultaneously, they underscore the importance of chromatin-induced spindle assembly.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanden Bosch
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raemaekers
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denayer
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torrekens
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moermans
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dewerchin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001842:Bone and Bones; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002843:Chromatin; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C478323:NuSAP protein, mouse