title: Magnesium intake in relation to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the incidence of diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the long-term associations of magnesium intake with incidence of diabetes, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance among young American adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4,497 Americans, aged 18-30 years, who had no diabetes at baseline, were prospectively examined for incident diabetes based on quintiles of magnesium intake. We also investigated the associations between magnesium intake and inflammatory markers, i.e., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fibrinogen, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 20-year follow-up, 330 incident cases of diabetes were identified. Magnesium intake was inversely associated with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of diabetes for participants in the highest quintile of magnesium intake was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.86; P(trend) < 0.01) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Consistently, magnesium intake was significantly inversely associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen, and HOMA-IR, and serum magnesium levels were inversely correlated with hs-CRP and HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium intake was inversely longitudinally associated with incidence of diabetes in young American adults. This inverse association may be explained, at least in part, by the inverse correlations of magnesium intake with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Dae Jung
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xun
authors.forename: Kiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loria
authors.forename: Kuninobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Ka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008274:Magnesium
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