title: RNA polymerase I contains a TFIIF-related DNA-binding subcomplex.
abstract: The eukaryotic RNA polymerases Pol I, II, and III use different promoters to transcribe different classes of genes. Promoter usage relies on initiation factors, including TFIIF and TFIIE, in the case of Pol II. Here, we show that the Pol I-specific subunits A49 and A34.5 form a subcomplex that binds DNA and is related to TFIIF and TFIIE. The N-terminal regions of A49 and A34.5 form a dimerization module that stimulates polymerase-intrinsic RNA cleavage and has a fold that resembles the TFIIF core. The C-terminal region of A49 forms a "tandem winged helix" (tWH) domain that binds DNA with a preference for the upstream promoter nontemplate strand and is predicted in TFIIE. Similar domains are predicted in Pol III-specific subunits. Thus, Pol I/III subunits that have no counterparts in Pol II are evolutionarily related to Pol II initiation factors and may have evolved to mediate promoter specificity and transcription processivity.
authors.affiliation: Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schreieck
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanecker
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kostrewa
authors.forename: Albert J R
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cramer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012318:RNA Polymerase I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; C066644:transcription factor TFIIE; D004247:DNA; D012318:RNA Polymerase I; C056604:transcription factor TFIIF