title: Low cardiovascular risks in the middle aged males and females excreting greater 24-hour urinary taurine and magnesium in 41 WHO-CARDIAC study populations in the world.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since taurine (T) administration was proven to decrease blood pressure (BP) and stroke mortality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rates (SHRSP) in the 1980's and our WHO-coordinated CARDIAC (Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison) Study demonstrated that among 5 diet-related factors, namely total cholesterol (T-Cho), body mass index (BMI), sodium (Na), magnesium (M), and T to creatinine (Cr) ratio in 24-hour urine (24U), both T/Cr and M/Cr were inversely related to coronary heart disease mortalities in males and females and T/Cr was inversely related to stroke mortalities in males and females. We further analyzed the associations of individual T/Cr and M/Cr levels to cardiovascular risks in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  From WHO-CARDIAC Study populations, 61 populations of 25 countries in the world, Japanese populations with obviously higher 24U T excretion because of their common fish eating custom and the other populations in which both data of T and M were not available were excluded and the data of 3960 individuals from 41 WHO-CARDIAC Study populations were used for the following analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The means of 24U T/Cr and M/Cr ratios in total individual data were 639.4 and 82.8, respectively. The average of BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), T-Cho and atherogenic index (AI) in the individuals with more than the means of T/Cr or M/Cr were significantly lower than those of individuals with less than the means. The CARDIAC Study participants were divided into the following 4 groups by these means: A (T/Cr and M/Cr > or = mean), B (T/Cr > or = mean, M/Cr < mean), C (T/Cr < mean, M/Cr > or = mean), D (T/Cr and M/Cr < mean). The group A showed significantly lower values compared with the group D in BMI, SBP, DBP, T-Cho, and AI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular risks were proven to be highly significantly lower in individuals who were excreting both 24U T and M, more than the averages despite differences in ethnicity and genetic background. Since T and M are biomarkers for seafood, vegetables, soy, nuts, milk, etc., dietary custom to eat these food sources could be recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention.
authors.affiliation: Mukogawa Women's University Institute for World Health Development, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 6638143, Japan. yamori@cardiacstudy.com
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamori
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013654:Taurine / Q000652:urine*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D013654:Taurine; D003404:Creatinine; D008274:Magnesium
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