title: HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and sexual risk behavior among transgenders in Indonesia.
abstract: Behavioral surveillance was undertaken among 1,150 male-to-female transgenders (waria) in Java, Indonesia, 2007; samples were collected for HIV and STI testing (n = 748). Almost all waria had ever sold sex (median duration 10 years). Prevalence of HIV was 24.4%, syphilis 26.8% and rectal gonorrhea and/or chlamydia 47.0%. Syphilis and rectal STIs were associated with HIV infection. Consistent condom use during receptive anal sex with clients was reported by 35.9% waria and was higher among those who visited an STI clinic and who knew their HIV status. Efforts should continue to strengthen behavior change and STI care in future HIV prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Country Office, Menara Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ciptasari
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prabawanti
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: Rini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palupy
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morineau
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girault
authors.forename: Dyah Erti
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mustikawati
authors.forename: Nurholis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Majid
authors.lastname: Nurhayati
authors.forename: Erlian Rista
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Aditya
authors.forename: Atiek Sulistyarni
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Anartati
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magnani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D015231:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014189:Transsexualism; D055815:Young Adult