title: Paid work, domestic work, and other determinants of pregnancy outcome in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the determinants of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and stillbirth, and the factors associated with paid or domestic work that affected pregnancy outcome in Ibadan, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of women who delivered live or stillborn singleton neonates at 4 hospitals between February and June 2008. Participants were interviewed to obtain information on paid and domestic work activities during pregnancy, as well as obstetric history. Pregnancy outcomes and other clinical data were extracted from case notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1504 mothers aged 20-45 years recorded 137 (9.1%) LBW neonates (<2.5 kg), 154 (10.2%) preterm deliveries (<37 weeks), and 56 (3.7%) stillbirths. There was no overall increased risk of these outcomes among working mothers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of working mothers who had booked their deliveries revealed that lifting heavy objects at home, a clinical record of proteinuria, and hospital admission during pregnancy were associated with LBW. Predictors for preterm birth were self-reported exposure to vibration at work, nulliparity, history of preterm birth, 4 or fewer compared with more than 8 antenatal visits, and prolonged rupture of membranes. Predictors for stillbirth were low education and prolonged rupture of membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results further support recommendations that physical exertion in paid and domestic work should be reduced during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. fomokhodion@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Folashade O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Omokhodion
authors.forename: Modupe O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Onadeko
authors.forename: Olumuyiwa A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burstyn
authors.forename: Nicola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Cherry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010298:Parity; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects; D014937:Work / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult