title: Non-viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer worldwide. The vast majority of cases occur in individuals with a chronic HBV or HCV infection. In addition, a number of metabolic diseases of the liver are associated with the development of HCC.
  The mechanisms responsible for the progression of the metabolic liver disease and HCC differ from those associated with viral liver disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The purpose of this report is to describe the mechanisms responsible for the disease progression and HCC in case of metabolic liver disease. A secondary goal is to identify the frequency of HCC development in the disorders described.
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. david_vanthiel@rush.edu
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Van Thiel
authors.forename: Guiliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramadori
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
references.citation: Hepatology. 1997 Jul;26(1):155-64
references.pmid: 9214465
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Mar;92(3):485-9
references.pmid: 9068475
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 1992 Oct;13(10):1869-72
references.pmid: 1330345
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4641-5
references.pmid: 270706
references.citation: Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2002;2(1):11-9
references.pmid: 12122975
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1986 Mar 20;314(12):736-9
references.pmid: 3485248
references.citation: Med J Aust. 2000 Nov 6;173(9):476-9
references.pmid: 11149304
references.citation: Clin Liver Dis. 2005 May;9(2):191-211, v
references.pmid: 15831268
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1989 Dec;13(6):804-9
references.pmid: 2557775
references.citation: Hepatology. 1993 Dec;18(6):1326-33
references.pmid: 8244256
references.citation: Gut. 2002 Jul;51(1):132-9
references.pmid: 12077107
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2002 Dec;37(6):806-13
references.pmid: 12445422
references.citation: Clin Invest Med. 1996 Oct;19(5):311-6
references.pmid: 8889268
references.citation: Hepatology. 1994 Dec;20(6):1426-31
references.pmid: 7982640
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2004 Jun 10;110(2):155-69
references.pmid: 15069676
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1985 Nov 14;313(20):1256-62
references.pmid: 4058506
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 1996 Apr;110(4):1107-19
references.pmid: 8613000
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2003 Mar;124(3):778-90
references.pmid: 12612915
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1993 Jun 24;328(25):1797-801
references.pmid: 7684822
references.citation: Lancet. 2005 Sep 24-30;366(9491):1059-62
references.pmid: 16182882
references.citation: J Pediatr. 1995 Nov;127(5):700-4
references.pmid: 7472819
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Aug;96(8):2462-7
references.pmid: 11513191
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Jan 1;32(1):11-6
references.pmid: 11755312
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 18;346(16):1221-31
references.pmid: 11961152
references.citation: Acta Med Scand. 1974 Jun;195(6):451-8
references.pmid: 4365922
references.citation: J Clin Gastroenterol. 1989 Apr;11(2):220-4
references.pmid: 2472436
references.citation: Trends Genet. 1997 Nov;13(11):444-9
references.pmid: 9385841
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 2002 Sep;60(9):289-93
references.pmid: 12296456
references.citation: Semin Liver Dis. 1995 Feb;15(1):64-9
references.pmid: 7597445
references.citation: Hepatology. 2000 Nov;32(5):970-9
references.pmid: 11050047
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 11;340(10):745-50
references.pmid: 10072408
references.citation: Oncology. 2002;62 Suppl 1:8-17
references.pmid: 11868791
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 1994 Apr 29;79(1):9-16
references.pmid: 7910516
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 26;99(24):15584-9
references.pmid: 12438687
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2010 Apr;52(4):550-9
references.pmid: 20206398
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Nov 18;139(10):817-23
references.pmid: 14623619
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2002 Jul;123(1):134-40
references.pmid: 12105842
references.citation: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Apr;36(4):356-9
references.pmid: 12642745
references.citation: Postgrad Med J. 1985 Apr;61(714):357-9
references.pmid: 2991870
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2004 Nov;127(5 Suppl 1):S5-S16
references.pmid: 15508102
references.citation: Liver. 1992 Feb;12(1):42-5
references.pmid: 1314321
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1997 Dec 11;337(24):1733-45
references.pmid: 9392700
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2002 Jul;37(1):154-60
references.pmid: 12076877
references.citation: J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002 May;25(3):227-34
references.pmid: 12137232