title: Addition of a second LV pacing site in CRT nonresponders rationale and design of the multicenter randomized V(3) trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment of heart failure (HF) in presence of a depressed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and a wide QRS complex. It is limited by a high proportion of nonresponders. Attempts have been made, in small studies, to increase the number of stimulation sites to optimize the resynchronization therapy. V(3) is a planned multicenter, randomized trial whose objective is to evaluate the clinical benefit conferred by the addition of a second LV lead in nonresponders after at least 6 months of standard biventricular stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84 patients will be enrolled in 11 French medical centers. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either an additional LV lead (test group) or to keep their current stimulation system unchanged (control group). Enrollment is planned to begin in March 2010 and is expected to end within 1 year. The primary study end point will be the HF clinical composite score evaluated at 1 year follow-up. Secondary end points include degree of echocardiographic reverse remodeling and changes in clinical measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The V(3) trial will examine the clinical benefit conferred by the addition of a second LV lead in nonresponders to standard CRT.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Haut Leveque, Service Pr. Clementy, Pessac 33604, France. bordacharp@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bordachar
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anselme
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boveda
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Defaye
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garrigue
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klug
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Piot
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadoul
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leclercq
mesh_terms: D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D010690:Phlebography; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013318:Stroke Volume; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left