Utilizing spatiotemporal analysis of influenza-like illness and rapid tests to focus swine-origin influenza virus intervention.
In the spring of 2009, a novel strain of H1N1 swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) emerged in Mexico and the United States, and soon after was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This work examined the ability of real-time reports of influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms and rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) to approximate the spatiotemporal distribution of PCR-confirmed S-OIV cases for the purposes of focusing local intervention efforts. Cluster and age adjusted relative risk patterns of ILI, RIDT, and S-OIV were assessed at a fine spatial scale at different time and space extents within Cameron County, Texas on the US-Mexico border. Space-time patterns of ILI and RIDT were found to effectively characterize the areas with highest geographical risk of S-OIV within the first two weeks of the outbreak. Based on these results, ILI and/or RIDT may prove to be acceptable indicators of the location of S-OIV hotspots. Given that S-OIV data is often difficult to obtain real-time during an outbreak; these findings may be of use to public health officials targeting prevention and response efforts during future flu outbreaks.
Gaines Wilson
J
J
Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA. jeff.wilson@utb.edu
Ballou
Jessica
J
Yan
Chris
C
Fisher-Hoch
Susan P
SP
Reininger
Belinda
B
Gay
Jennifer
J
Salinas
Jennifer
J
Sanchez
Pablo
P
Salinas
Yvette
Y
Calvillo
Fidel
F
Lopez
Leonel
L
Delima
Ionara P
IP
McCormick
Joseph B
JB
D000941:Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014481:United States; D058067:Wavelet Analysis
D000941:Antigens
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