title: Starch binding domain-containing protein 1/genethonin 1 is a novel participant in glycogen metabolism.
abstract: Stbd1 is a protein of previously unknown function that is most prevalent in liver and muscle, the major sites for storage of the energy reserve glycogen. The protein is predicted to contain a hydrophobic N terminus and a C-terminal CBM20 glycan binding domain. Here, we show that Stbd1 binds to glycogen in vitro and that endogenous Stbd1 locates to perinuclear compartments in cultured mouse FL83B or Rat1 cells. When overexpressed in COSM9 cells, Stbd1 concentrated at enlarged perinuclear structures, co-localized with glycogen, the late endosomal/lysosomal marker LAMP1 and the autophagy protein GABARAPL1. Mutant Stbd1 lacking the N-terminal hydrophobic segment had a diffuse distribution throughout the cell. Point mutations in the CBM20 domain did not change the perinuclear localization of Stbd1, but glycogen was no longer concentrated in this compartment. Stable overexpression of glycogen synthase in Rat1WT4 cells resulted in accumulation of glycogen as massive perinuclear deposits, where a large fraction of the detectable Stbd1 co-localized. Starvation of Rat1WT4 cells for glucose resulted in dissipation of the massive glycogen stores into numerous and much smaller glycogen deposits that retained Stbd1. In vitro, in cells, and in animal models, Stbd1 consistently tracked with glycogen. We conclude that Stbd1 is involved in glycogen metabolism by binding to glycogen and anchoring it to membranes, thereby affecting its cellular localization and its intracellular trafficking to lysosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Sixin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Vincent S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Tagliabracci
authors.forename: Lanmin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Irimia
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: DePaoli-Roach
authors.forename: Clark D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Skurat
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Roach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006003:Glycogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D017354:Point Mutation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1
chemical_list: D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006003:Glycogen; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C407740:Gabarapl2 protein, mouse; C052255:Lamp1 protein, mouse; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1; C489117:Lamp1 protein, rat
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