title: Helicobacter pylori: a ROS-inducing bacterial species in the stomach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been reported to impact gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanism by which Helicobacter pylori induces gastric carcinogenesis is presently unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review focuses on H. pylori-induced ROS/RNS production in the host stomach, and its relationship with gastric carcinogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activated neutrophils are the main source of ROS/RNS production in the H. pylori-infected stomach, but H. pylori itself also produces ROS. In addition, extensive recent studies have revealed that H. pylori-induced ROS production in gastric epithelial cells might affect gastric epithelial cell signal transduction, resulting in gastric carcinogenesis. Excessive ROS/RNS production in the stomach can damage DNA in gastric epithelial cells, implying its involvement in gastric carcinogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the molecular mechanism behind H. pylori-induced ROS, and its involvement in gastric carcinogenesis, is important for developing new strategies for gastric cancer chemoprevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajiicho, Kawaramachidori Hirokouji Agaru, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. handao@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
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