title: Obstetric and perinatal outcomes among women with blood- and injection phobia during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about how anxiety disorders affect pregnancy outcomes. Therefore we investigated the impact of one anxiety disorder, blood- and injection phobia, on obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a population-based prospectively collected cohort we compared an index group of 110 women with blood- and injection phobia with a control group of 220 women. Standardized medical records were used to collect data. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes e.g. elective cesarean, prematurity, and small for gestational age were used as the main outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with blood- and injection phobia stated more often a fear of childbirth (p<0.001) and were more frequently delivered by elective cesarean section (p=0.032). The incidence of premature delivery (p=0.028), neonatal morbidity (p=0.001) and the risk of having a baby born small for gestational age (p=0.009) was higher among women with blood- and injection phobia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The medical records, from which all information is drawn, despite standardization, sometimes may lack some information. However, this dilemma exists in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with an anxiety disorder such as blood- and injection phobia are at increased risk for adverse obstetric outcomes, premature delivery and for having a baby born with higher neonatal morbidity. It therefore seems important to identify and treat women with anxiety disorders without delay early during pregnancy in an effort to minimize risks of complications for the woman herself and the child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden. caroline.lilliecreutz@lio.se
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lilliecreutz
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sydsjö
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Josefsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001769:Blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007267:Injections; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000523:psychology*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000523:psychology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult