title: Measuring team process for quality improvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even though team care is pivotal to stroke rehabilitation, we have few tools to measure team process. Process measures of team functioning would benefit stroke rehabilitation outcomes and quality improvement (QI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve measures of team process and evaluate their potential for use in rehabilitation research and QI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use item response theory (IRT) to analyze and revise selected scales from the Team Functioning Survey administrated to rehabilitation staff (n=365 at 31 VA hospitals) as part of a national clinical trial (NCT00237757). Revised scales were evaluated for reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and validity (correlations, predictions of patient outcomes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight scales (60 items) were selected from the TFS for analyses based on their specificity to rehabilitation and potential utility in process improvement. Factor analyses supported the dropping of 2 scales and the combining of 2 scales. As indicated by the IRT analyses of scale psychometric properties, poor performing scale items were dropped and item response categories modified needed areas for further development were identified. Cronbach's alpha for the resultant best 5 scales was good. Intercorrelations varied among scales but were mostly in the moderate ranges. Two of the scales predicted patient outcomes of mFIM™ gain or discharge disposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyses resulted in measures of 5 central components of team functioning: physician support, shared leadership, supervisor team support, teamness, and team effectiveness. IRT enables the scales to be refined and strengthened for use in outcome research and QI. The scales are proposed as another step toward understanding and enhancing team process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Dale C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Burridge
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Falconer
authors.forename: Jeph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrin
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uomoto
mesh_terms: D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome