title: Elevated HDL cholesterol levels are associated with osteoporosis in lung transplant candidates with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is common in advanced COPD and worsens rapidly after transplantation, potentially impairing quality of life. Increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) has been observed in COPD and linked with osteoporosis in the general population. This association has not been previously examined in COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 245 COPD patients referred for lung transplant evaluation. Osteoporosis was defined by either dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan or use of osteoporosis medications. The presence or absence of osteoporosis could be ascertained in 152 subjects. Cholesterol values and other clinical variables were assessed for their association with osteoporosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical factors associated with osteoporosis included lower BMI [OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.90], higher HDLc [OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07], and worse lung function. HDLc was an independent predictor of OP and demonstrated an inverse linear correlation with T-scores (r = -0.21, p = 0.05), which was stronger amongst males (r = -0.45, p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In COPD patients referred for lung transplantation, osteoporosis is highly prevalent. Raised HDLc levels are common in this group and are independently associated with OP.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA. rreed@medicine.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Adrian S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lechtzin
authors.forename: Reda E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Girgis
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL