title: PolyADP-ribosylation is required for pronuclear fusion during postfertilization in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During fertilization, pronuclear envelope breakdown (PNEB) is followed by the mingling of male and female genomes. Dynamic chromatin and protein rearrangements require posttranslational modification (PTM) for the postfertilization development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity (PARylation) by either PJ-34 or 5-AIQ resulted in developmental arrest of fertilized embryos at the PNEB. PARylation inhibition affects spindle bundle formation and phosphorylation of Erk molecules of metaphase II (MII) unfertilized oocytes. We found a frequent appearance of multiple pronuclei (PN) in the PARylation-inhibited embryos, suggesting defective polymerization of tubulins. Attenuated phosphorylation of lamin A/C by PARylation was detected in the PARylation-inhibited embryos at PNEB. This was associated with sustained localization of heterodomain protein 1 (HP1) at the PN of the one-cell embryos arrested by PARylation inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that PARylation is required for pronuclear fusion during postfertilization processes. These data further suggest that PARylation regulates protein dynamics essential for the beginning of mouse zygotic development. PARylation and its involving signal-pathways may represent potential targets as contraceptives.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. osada.tomoharu@mg.medience.co.jp
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noce
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048750:Cell Nucleus Division; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D015053:Zygote / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
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