title: Protein intake induced an increase in exercise stimulated fat oxidation during stable body weight.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein-rich weight-loss diets spare fat-free mass at the cost of fat mass. The objective was to examine if there is a change in stimulated fat oxidation related to protein intake during stable body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects' (BMI 22±2kg/m(2), age 25±8 years) maximal fat oxidation (Fat(max)) was assessed during a graded bicycle test, before and after a 3-month dietary-intervention of 2MJ/day supplements exchanged with 2MJ/d of habitual energy intake. The parallel design consisted of protein-rich supplements in the protein group and an isocaloric combination of carbohydrate and fat supplements in the control group. Daily protein intake was determined according to 24-h urine nitrogen. Body composition was measured according to a 4-compartment model by a combination of underwater-weighing technique, deuterium-dilution technique and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were weight stable and did not change their physical activity. The protein group (n=12) increased protein intake (11±14g, P<0.05) and had significantly higher daily protein intake vs. control (n=4) (80±21 vs.59±11g, P<0.05). Fat(max) increased significantly in the protein group (0.08±0.08g/min, P<0.01). Fat-free mass increased independent of change in body weight (P<0.01), and fat mass and fat percentage decreased (P<0.05). Change in Fat(max) was a function of change in protein intake (r=0.623, P<0.05), and not of changes in body composition or VO(2)max.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased stimulated fat oxidation was related to increased protein intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Maastricht University,P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. S.Soenen@HB.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soenen
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plasqui
authors.forename: Astrid J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: Margriet S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Westerterp-Plantenga
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005223:Fats