title: Complications from injectable materials used for breast augmentation.
abstract: Fewer surgical procedures have a history as fascinating and as terrifying as breast augmentation. Initial efforts at augmentation involved injection of substances such as paraffin or oil into the breast tissue, or the implantation of substances including ivory or glass balls, or rubber. More recent efforts have included the injection of liquid silicone or polyacrylamide hydrogel. The current paper reviews four distinct eras of breast augmentation, and provides the current status of these injection materials. A case report is presented on a woman whose breasts were injected with polyacrylamide hydrogel in Iran. The current status of this group of materials is also presented. During the past 110 years, history has repeated itself during each of the four eras of injection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery;
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fornasier
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