title: Review of Interventions for Parental Depression from Toddlerhood to Adolescence.
abstract: Because of the recurrent course, significant burden, and intergenerational impact of depression, there is a great need for interventions for depressed parents and their children. This article reviews eight interventions that 1) aim to impact the functioning and well-being of 18-month to 18-year old children of depressed parents and 2) have been evaluated in controlled studies. The interventions are described and the empirical evidence of their efficacy is reviewed and critiqued. Existing research points to several promising intervention strategies, such as psychoeducation about parental depression, addressing parenting in adult depression treatment, promoting positive parent-child interactions, and teaching coping skills to children. Common limitations of the research in this area are small sample sizes, homogenous samples, and lack of replication. Implementation problems within the mental healthcare system are highlighted. Multi-component interventions seem to be a promising approach to address the complex impact parental depression has on children and the parent-child relationship. This review illustrates the need for more research on intervention models that can be implemented with children at various developmental levels.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Rhonda C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gillham
references.citation: Can J Psychiatry. 2003 Mar;48(2):78-86
references.pmid: 12655904
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1990 Jul;108(1):50-76
references.pmid: 2200073
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Jun;35(6):774-82
references.pmid: 8682758
references.citation: Infant Ment Health J. 2006 Jul;27(4):327-343
references.pmid: 28640416
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993 Jul;32(4):723-30
references.pmid: 8340291
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;165(9):1155-62
references.pmid: 18558645
references.citation: Fam Process. 2006 Jun;45(2):187-203
references.pmid: 16768018
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;47(4):379-389
references.pmid: 18388766
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;58(12):1127-34
references.pmid: 11735841
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;154(4):510-5
references.pmid: 9090338
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1992 Oct;149(10):1335-40
references.pmid: 1530069
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2002 Sep;128(5):746-73
references.pmid: 12206193
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Feb;36(2):196-204
references.pmid: 9031572
references.citation: J Fam Psychol. 2007 Dec;21(4):703-13
references.pmid: 18179342
references.citation: Attach Hum Dev. 1999 Apr;1(1):34-66
references.pmid: 11707882
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;37(9):933-42
references.pmid: 9841243
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(7):398-404
references.pmid: 16841341
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Dec;74(6):1006-16
references.pmid: 17154731
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2000 Apr;28(2):135-48
references.pmid: 10834766
references.citation: Behav Ther. 2006 Jun;37(2):143-58
references.pmid: 16942968
references.citation: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2008 Jun;11(1-2):12-29
references.pmid: 18360775
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;183:342-8
references.pmid: 14519613
references.citation: Dev Psychopathol. 1997 Winter;9(1):109-30
references.pmid: 9089127
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2007;3:107-35
references.pmid: 17716050
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Aug;40(8):879-86
references.pmid: 11501686
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2003 Aug;112(2):e119-31
references.pmid: 12897317
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;41(3):305-13
references.pmid: 11886025
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993 Mar;32(2):254-63
references.pmid: 8444752
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;163(6):1001-8
references.pmid: 16741200
references.citation: Prev Med. 1998 Mar-Apr;27(2):200-3
references.pmid: 9578995