title: Cardioprotective effects of the novel Na+/H+ exchanger-1 inhibitor KR-32560 in a perfused rat heart model of global ischemia and reperfusion: Involvement of the Akt-GSK-3beta cell survival pathway and antioxidant enzyme.
abstract: To investigate the cardioprotective effects and mechanism of action of KR-32560 {[5-(2-methoxy-5-fluorophenyl)furan-2-ylcarbonyl]guanidine}, a newly synthesized NHE-1 inhibitor, we evaluated the effects of KR-32560 on cardiac function in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced heart injury as well as the role antioxidant enzymes and pro-survival proteins play these observed effects. In isolated rat hearts subjected to 25 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion, KR-32560 (3 and 10 microM) significantly reversed the I/Rinduced decrease in left ventricular developed pressure and increase in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure. In rat hearts reperfused for 30 min, KR-32560 (10 microM) significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content while increasing the activities of both glutathione peroxidase and catalase, two important antioxidant enzymes. Western blotting analysis of left ventricles subjected to I/R showed that KR-32560 significantly increased phosphorylation of both Akt and GSK-3beta in a dose-dependent manner, with no effect on the phosphorylation of eNOS. These results suggest that KR-32560 exerts potent cardioprotective effects against I/Rinduced rat heart injury and that its mechanism involves antioxidant enzymes and the Akt-GSK-3beta cell survival pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Sang
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sung-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jung-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyu-Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Suk-Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hun-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Wahn-Soo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hwa-Sup
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006146:Guanidines; C510993:KR-32560; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C069139:growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3