title: Diversity of cold-active protease-producing bacteria from arctic terrestrial and marine environments revealed by enrichment culture.
abstract: A new approach for enrichment culture was applied to obtain cold-active protease-producing bacteria for marine and terrestrial samples from Svalbard, Norway. The method was developed for the enrichment of bacteria by long-term incubation at low temperatures in semi-solid agar medium containing meat pieces as the main source of carbon and energy. ZoBell and 0.1x nutrient broth were added for marine and terrestrial microorganisms, respectively, to supply basal elements for growth. One to three types of colonies were observed from each enrichment culture, indicating that specific bacterial species were enriched during the experimental conditions. Among 89 bacterial isolates, protease activity was observed from 48 isolates in the screening media containing skim milk. Good growth was observed at 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C while none of the isolates could grow at 37 degrees C. At low temperatures, enzyme activity was equal to or higher than activity at higher temperatures. Bacterial isolates were included in the genera Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Arthrobacter (24 isolates), Pseudomonas (16 isolates), Psychrobacter (6 isolates), Sphingobacterium (6 isolates), Flavobacterium (2 isolates), Sporosarcina (1 isolate), and Stenotrophomonas (1 isolate). Protease activity was observed from Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Pseudomonas (10 isolates), Arthrobacter (4 isolates), and Flavobacterium (1 isolate).
authors.affiliation: Polar BioCenter, Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Songdo Techno Park, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyeung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yung Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joung Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Hong Kum
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jang-Cheon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Soon Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D044822:Biodiversity; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
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