title: Comparison of action of mixed permanent chemical modifiers for cadmium and lead determination in sediments and soils by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: Slurry sampling atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization was used to the determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils and sediments using permanent modifiers. Comparison of action of mixed permanent modifiers niobium (Nb)/iridium (Ir) and tungsten (W)/iridium (Ir) were studied in detail. The effect of amount of Ir, W and Nb on analytical signals of Cd and Pb was examined. The optimal amounts of modifiers for Cd and Pb determination were stated. Niobium carbide formation on graphite surface was studied for different pyrolysis temperatures. Finally for Cd determination in sediments and soils 200 microg of Nb mixed with 5 microg of Ir was used as permanent modifiers and 15 microg of Nb mixed with 200 microg of Ir for Pb determination. Suspensions were prepared in 5% HNO(3). The analytical procedure was optimized carefully basing on data from pyrolysis and atomization curves studies. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was used additionally as matrix modifier during Cd determination in samples in order to prevent interferences coming from matrix components. The analysis of CRMs confirmed the reliability of the proposed approach. The precision and accuracy of Cd and Pb determination by the described method for soils and sediments were acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland. rdobrow@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dobrowolski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otto