title: Cell deformation cytometry using diode-bar optical stretchers.
abstract: The measurement of cell elastic parameters using optical forces has great potential as a reagent-free method for cell classification, identification of phenotype, and detection of disease; however, the low throughput associated with the sequential isolation and probing of individual cells has significantly limited its utility and application. We demonstrate a single-beam, high-throughput method where optical forces are applied anisotropically to stretch swollen erythrocytes in microfluidic flow. We also present numerical simulations of model spherical elastic cells subjected to optical forces and show that dual, opposing optical traps are not required and that even a single linear trap can induce cell stretching, greatly simplifying experimental implementation. Last, we demonstrate how the elastic modulus of the cell can be determined from experimental measurements of the equilibrium deformation. This new optical approach has the potential to be readily integrated with other cytometric technologies and, with the capability of measuring cell populations, enabling true mechanical-property-based cell cytometry.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Ihab
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sraj
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Eggleton
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Squier
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chichester
authors.forename: David W M
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Marr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D048429:Cell Size; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D012666:Semiconductors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
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