title: Identifying molecular effects of diet through systems biology: influence of herring diet on sterol metabolism and protein turnover in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in lifestyle have resulted in an epidemic development of obesity-related diseases that challenge the healthcare systems worldwide. To develop strategies to tackle this problem the focus is on diet to prevent the development of obesity-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This will require methods for linking nutrient intake with specific metabolic processes in different tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr -/-) mice were fed a high fat/high sugar diet to mimic a westernized diet, being a major reason for development of obesity and atherosclerosis. The diets were supplemented with either beef or herring, and matched in macronutrient contents. Body composition, plasma lipids and aortic lesion areas were measured. Transcriptomes of metabolically important tissues, e.g. liver, muscle and adipose tissue were analyzed by an integrated approach with metabolic networks to directly map the metabolic effects of diet in these different tissues. Our analysis revealed a reduction in sterol metabolism and protein turnover at the transcriptional level in herring-fed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that an integrated analysis of transcriptome data using metabolic networks resulted in the identification of signature pathways. This could not have been achieved using standard clustering methods. In particular, this systems biology analysis could enrich the information content of biomedical or nutritional data where subtle changes in several tissues together affects body metabolism or disease progression. This could be applied to improve diets for subjects exposed to health risks associated with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences/Systems Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Intawat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nookaew
authors.forename: Britt G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gabrielsson
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmäng
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005399:Fishes; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D051379:Mice; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010641:Phenotype; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013261:Sterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013261:Sterols
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