title: Heart rate measured in the acute aftermath of trauma can predict post-traumatic stress disorder: a prospective study in motor vehicle accident survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether increased physiological arousal immediately after trauma or at emergency admission can predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors with physical injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 119 MVA survivors with physical injuries. In this prospective cohort study, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed during ambulance transport (T1) and at hospital admission (T2). One and four months after the accident, we assessed patients for PTSD (Davidson trauma scale, confirmed with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders). Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the relationship between HR or BP and PTSD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD was diagnosed in 54 (45.4%) patients at 1 month and in 39 (32.8%) at 4 months. In the multivariate analysis, HR at T1 or at T2 predicted PTSD at 1 month (OR=1.156, 95% CI [1.094;1.221] p<0.0001). Only HR at T1 (not at T2) predicted PTSD at 4 months (OR=1.059, 95% CI [1.013; 1.108] p=0.012). Injury severity predicted PTSD at 4 months (OR=1.207, 95% CI [1.085; 1.342] p=0.001). A cut-off of 84 beats per minute yielded a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 75.0% for PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HR measured at the scene of MVA and severity of injury predicted PTSD 4 months later.
authors.affiliation: Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut Universitari Fundació Parc Taulí-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (IUFPT-UAB), Sabadell, Spain. rcoronas@tauli.cat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coronas
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Parés
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology