title: Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism and its association with symptomatic neurocysticercosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptoms and signs of neurocysticercosis (NCC) are nonspecific and depend upon several factors, including the host immune response to the parasite. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity. Susceptibility of humans to NCC in relation to TLR polymorphism is unknown. The present study examines TLR4 polymorphism in human NCC and its role in symptomatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 patients with NCC (82 symptomatic [ie, with active epilepsy] and 58 asymptomatic) and 150 healthy control subjects were examined for TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms by means of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile were significantly associated with the occurrence of NCC (P < .001 for Asp299Gly; P = .003 for Thr399Ile) and progression to symptomatic NCC, compared with control subjects (P < .001 for Asp299Gly; P < .001 for Thr399Ile) or asymptomatic NCC (P < .001 for Asp299Gly; P = .002 for Thr399Ile). Frequency of haplotype Gly/Thr (P <.001) was observed to be a risk factor for susceptibility to NCC. Gly and Ile carriers had a statistically significant association with NCC (P < .001 for Gly; P = .003 for Ile) and symptomatic NCC (P < .001 for Gly; P <or= .001 for Ile), compared with control subjects. Both carriers were also associated with symptomatic NCC (P < .001 for Gly; P < .004 for Ile), when compared with asymptomatic NCC.
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1Microbiology, 2Radiology, 3Biostatistics, and 4Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Avantika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Kashi Nath
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Aloukick Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kishan Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nyati
authors.forename: Arshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.forename: Chandra Mohan
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Vimal Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Paliwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4