title: Cognitive, visual, auditory, and emotional factors that affect participation in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether changes in hearing, cognition, depression, and vision affect daily life participation and whether screening tests that identify problems could be used in the home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviewers assessed presence of medical conditions, social class, distance acuity, cognition, hearing, depression, and participation using valid screening tools. Participation scores were subgrouped according to negative or positive results. Multiple regression analysis determined association of screening tests with participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight older adults, ages 62-90, participated. Positive screening tests were found in 43% of participants for distance acuity, 9% for cognitive problems, 8% for depression, and 15% for hearing loss. Relationships were found among age, cognition, depression, and vision and participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild levels of decreased vision, depression, and decreased cognition are associated with lower participation. These conditions can be screened by occupational therapists and managed to help older adults remain active and maintain their health.
authors.affiliation: Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, Box 8505, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. perlmutterm@wusm.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Monica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Perlmutter
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhorade
authors.forename: Mae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Holly H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
authors.forename: M Carolyn
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis