title: Non-vesicular lipid transport by lipid-transfer proteins and beyond.
abstract: The movement of lipids within and between intracellular membranes is mediated by different lipid transport mechanisms and is crucial for maintaining the identities of different cellular organelles. Non-vesicular lipid transport has a crucial role in intracellular lipid trafficking and distribution, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs), which regulate diverse lipid-mediated cellular processes and accelerate vectorial transport of lipid monomers between membranes in vitro, could potentially mediate non-vesicular intracellular lipid trafficking. Understanding the mechanisms by which lipids are transported and distributed between cellular membranes, and elucidating the role of LTPs in intracellular lipid transport and homeostasis, are currently subjects of intensive study.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. sima.lev@weizmann.ac.il
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004075:Diglycerides; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008055:Lipids; C030363:lipid transfer protein; D002784:Cholesterol
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1989 Jan 10;28(1):129-34
references.pmid: 2640559
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Apr;30(1):149-59
references.pmid: 11343651
references.citation: Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1472-6
references.pmid: 15746430
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Dec 4;456(7222):605-10
references.pmid: 19052620
references.citation: Microbiol Rev. 1991 Dec;55(4):543-60
references.pmid: 1779926
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 2005 Nov 1;310(2):445-62
references.pmid: 16143324
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1976 Jan 27;15(2):321-7
references.pmid: 1247519
references.citation: EMBO J. 2002 May 1;21(9):2117-21
references.pmid: 11980708
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2002 Apr 1;157(1):63-77
references.pmid: 11916983
references.citation: Nature. 1990 Oct 11;347(6293):561-2
references.pmid: 2215682
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2008 Jun;18(6):282-90
references.pmid: 18468439
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Aug 24;1487(1):82-91
references.pmid: 10962290
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jun;286(1-2):23-31
references.pmid: 16601923
references.citation: Adv Enzyme Regul. 2006;46:301-11
references.pmid: 16854452
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 6;281(40):30279-88
references.pmid: 16895911
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1981 May 12;20(10):2893-900
references.pmid: 7195733
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 1979 Feb 15;94(1):215-21
references.pmid: 35349
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2005 Jul 1;118(Pt 13):2791-801
references.pmid: 15976441
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2009 Jun 29;185(7):1209-25
references.pmid: 19564404
references.citation: Chem Phys Lipids. 1990 Nov;56(1):1-20
references.pmid: 2091833
references.citation: Nature. 1997 May 1;387(6628):101-5
references.pmid: 9139830
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jun;1771(6):644-53
references.pmid: 17314061
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Jun;17(6):2498-512
references.pmid: 16540520
references.citation: Chem Phys Lipids. 1999 Apr;98(1-2):23-33
references.pmid: 10358925
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Jun;34(Pt 3):363-6
references.pmid: 16709162
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Mar;7(3):225-34
references.pmid: 15723057
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Sep 1;437(7055):154-8
references.pmid: 16136145
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 3;92(1):112-6
references.pmid: 7816798
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:73-99
references.pmid: 1883207
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1980 Feb 5;19(3):439-44
references.pmid: 6892607
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Jan;1788(1):267-72
references.pmid: 19007748
references.citation: Structure. 2004 Feb;12(2):317-26
references.pmid: 14962392
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;41(10):1817-27
references.pmid: 19389485
references.citation: Experientia. 1990 Jun 15;46(6):569-79
references.pmid: 2193820
references.citation: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2001 Apr;12(2):139-48
references.pmid: 11292380
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jun;1771(6):761-8
references.pmid: 17500031
references.citation: Mol Membr Biol. 2003 Jul-Sep;20(3):231-41
references.pmid: 12893531
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2006 Sep 11;174(6):803-13
references.pmid: 16966422
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Jun 24;906(2):223-76
references.pmid: 3297153
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2009 Dec 14;187(6):889-903
references.pmid: 20008566
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2008 Feb 1;29(2):191-206
references.pmid: 18243114
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Sep 19;114(6):777-89
references.pmid: 14505576
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2006 Aug;18(4):371-8
references.pmid: 16806880
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1988 Mar 22;27(6):1889-96
references.pmid: 3378037
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Sep;19(9):3871-84
references.pmid: 18614794
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Jul 6;794(2):274-80
references.pmid: 6733137
references.citation: Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):325-8
references.pmid: 11729268
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 1983;98:565-73
references.pmid: 6669064
references.citation: EMBO J. 2003 May 1;22(9):2025-35
references.pmid: 12727870
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;122(5):1013-22
references.pmid: 8354691
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Jan;65(2):228-36
references.pmid: 17938859
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 1994 Mar 15;220(3):1019-28
references.pmid: 8143718
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 25;280(8):6488-95
references.pmid: 15596449
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2001 Dec 10;155(6):949-59
references.pmid: 11733544
references.citation: J Struct Biol. 1997 Aug;119(3):260-72
references.pmid: 9245766
references.citation: IUBMB Life. 2008 Aug;60(8):511-8
references.pmid: 18459163
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Mar;6(3):209-20
references.pmid: 15738987
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2008 Aug;20(4):360-70
references.pmid: 18490149
references.citation: Biochem J. 2005 Aug 15;390(Pt 1):273-83
references.pmid: 15859942
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2008 Aug;20(4):371-7
references.pmid: 18502634
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Jul 2;178(1):15-22
references.pmid: 17591919
references.citation: J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1986 Apr;18(2):71-91
references.pmid: 3522562
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1980 Jul 8;19(14):3395-9
references.pmid: 6250569
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1984 Dec 15;25(13):1563-9
references.pmid: 6397561
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1997 Jul 22;36(29):8840-8
references.pmid: 9220970
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2004 Sep;14(9):483-90
references.pmid: 15350976
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Aug 8;114(3):299-310
references.pmid: 12914695
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2004 Oct 1;117(Pt 21):4959-68
references.pmid: 15367582
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1998 Jun 18;8(13):729-39
references.pmid: 9651677
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1968 Jul 10;243(13):3596-602
references.pmid: 4968799
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1991 May 5;266(13):8241-7
references.pmid: 2022641
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Mar;20(5):1388-99
references.pmid: 19129476
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2000 Jul 18;39(28):8119-24
references.pmid: 10889017
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5934-44
references.pmid: 15545272
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Jul;1791(7):636-45
references.pmid: 19286471
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 19;39(50):15399-409
references.pmid: 11112525
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Dec 18;426(6968):803-9
references.pmid: 14685229
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 1977 Mar;69(3):261-91
references.pmid: 139462
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;101(2):441-5
references.pmid: 4040519
references.citation: Cell Signal. 2007 Mar;19(3):582-92
references.pmid: 17092689
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2006 Dec 18;175(6):901-11
references.pmid: 17178908
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jan 30;1580(1):67-76
references.pmid: 11923101
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 23;276(12):9246-52
references.pmid: 11104777
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Jun;17(6):2604-16
references.pmid: 16571669
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 1988 Jun;13(6):202-5
references.pmid: 3255201
references.citation: Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):477-81
references.pmid: 19556461
references.citation: Prog Lipid Res. 1997 Sep;36(2-3):103-30
references.pmid: 9624424
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1984 Sep 25;23(20):4624-30
references.pmid: 6498159
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;124(3):273-87
references.pmid: 8294512
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 25;104(39):15352-7
references.pmid: 17881569
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jul;2(7):504-13
references.pmid: 11433364
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1989 Apr;108(4):1271-81
references.pmid: 2466847
references.citation: Cell. 1991 Feb 22;64(4):789-800
references.pmid: 1997207
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 15;105(2):488-93
references.pmid: 18184806
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Jun;34(Pt 3):335-9
references.pmid: 16709155
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Oct 8;179(1):101-15
references.pmid: 17923531
references.citation: Nature. 1969 Apr 26;222(5191):354-6
references.pmid: 5782111
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2006 Apr 10;173(1):107-19
references.pmid: 16585271
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1985 Jun 4;24(12):2857-64
references.pmid: 4016076
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Apr 23;664(1):22-32
references.pmid: 7236697
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Sep 19;776(1):21-6
references.pmid: 6477902
references.citation: Annu Rev Physiol. 1987;49:193-208
references.pmid: 3551798
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 15;263(26):13023-31
references.pmid: 3417649
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Nov 18;1070(1):237-45
references.pmid: 1661153
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13731-6
references.pmid: 8943003
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Sep;7(9):880-6
references.pmid: 16100512
references.citation: Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:247-75
references.pmid: 2688705
references.citation: Traffic. 2008 Sep;9(10):1743-56
references.pmid: 18636990
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2005 Jul;30(7):396-404
references.pmid: 15951180
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;41(10):1805-16
references.pmid: 19703651
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1981 May 12;20(10):2783-9
references.pmid: 7248248
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1997 Oct 20;139(2):351-63
references.pmid: 9334340
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 3;275(44):34534-40
references.pmid: 10938271
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Sep 6;449(7158):62-7
references.pmid: 17687330