title: Transient increase in HDL-cholesterol during weight gain by hyperalimentation in healthy subjects.
abstract: Determination of lipid levels is fundamental in cardiovascular risk assessment. We studied the short-term effects of fast food-based hyperalimentation on lipid levels in healthy subjects. Twelve healthy men and six healthy women with a mean age of 26 ± 6.6 years and an aged-matched control group were recruited for this prospective interventional study. Subjects in the intervention group aimed for a body weight increase of 5-15% by doubling the baseline caloric intake by eating at least two fast food-based meals a day in combination with adoption of a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks. This protocol induced a weight gain from 67.6 ± 9.1 kg to 74.0 ± 11 kg (P < 0.001). A numerical increase in the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol occurred in all subjects during the study and this was apparent already at the first week in 16/18 subjects (mean increase at week 1: +22.0 ± 16%, range from -7 to +50%), whereas the highest level of HDL during the study as compared with baseline values varied from +6% to +58% (mean +31.6 ± 15%). The intake of saturated fat in the early phase of the trial related positively with the HDL-cholesterol-increase in the second week (r = 0.53, P = 0.028). Although the levels of insulin doubled at week 2, the increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was only +12 ± 17%, and there was no statistically significant changes in fasting serum triglycerides. We conclude that hyperalimentation can induce a fast but transient increase in HDL-cholesterol that is of clinical interest when estimating cardiovascular risk based on serum lipid levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kechagias
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Fredrik H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nystrom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides