title: In vitro evaluation of 56 coronary artery stents by 256-slice multi-detector coronary CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate stent lumen visibility of 56 coronary stents with the newest 256-multi-slice-CT (256-MDCT) technology for different reconstruction algorithms in an in vitro model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Early identification of in-stent restenosis (ISR) is important to avoid recurrent ischemia and prevent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Since angiography has the disadvantage of high costs and its invasiveness, MDCT could be a convenient and safe non-invasive alternative for detection of ISR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentages of in-stent lumen diameter and in-stent signal attenuation (measured as contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)) of 56 coronary stents (group A ≤2.5mm; group B=2.75-3.0mm; group C=3.5-4.0mm) were evaluated in a coronary vessel in vitro phantom (iodine-filled plastic tubes) employing four different reconstruction algorithms (XCD, CC, CD, XCB) on a novel 256-MDCT (Philips-iCT, collimation=128 mm × 0.625 mm; rotation time=270 ms; tube current=800 mAs with 120 kV). Analysis was conducted with the semi-automatical full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) method. P-values <0.05 were regarded statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-stent lumen diameter >60% for group C stents was significantly larger and CNR was significantly lower (both p<0.05) for sharp kernels (CD; XCD) when compared to groups A/B. The FWHM-method showed significantly smaller in-stent lumen diameter (p<0.05) when compared to the manual method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  256-MDCT could potentially be employed for clinical assessment of stent patency in stents >3.0mm when analysed with cardio-dedicated sharp kernels, although clinical studies corroborating this claim should be performed. However, stents ≤3.0mm reconstructed by soft kernels revealed insufficient in-stent lumen visualisation and should not be used in clinical practice. Further improvements in spatial and temporal image resolution as well as reductions of radiation exposure and image noise have to be accomplished for the ambitious goal of characterising both CT coronary artery anatomy and in-stent lumen.
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Department of Cardiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. henning.steen@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Grigorios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korosoglou
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hosch
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannitsis
authors.forename: Hugo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Katus
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015607:Stents