title: Antimycoplasmal activity of some plant species from northern Nigeria compared to the currently used therapeutic agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycoplasma spp. are obligate parasites of humans and animals. But due to the special requirements needed to culture Mycoplasma in the laboratory, little or no research has been done to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plants on the organism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To screen medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infections for possible antimycoplasmal and cytotoxic activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acetone extracts of 21 Nigerian medicinal plants were analyzed for antimycoplasmal and cytotoxicity activities using the metabolic inhibition and colorimetric methods, respectively. The extract with the best antimycoplasmal activities was also analyzed for its phytochemical constituents using the desktop method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calotropis procera (Aiton) R.Br (Asclepiadaceae) extract had the best antimycoplasmal effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 80 µg/mL and minimum mycoplasmacidal concentration (MMC) of 160 µg/mL. This extract contained saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Compositae) was the most cytotoxic with median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of approximately 17 µg/mL, and that of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) was the least cytotoxic with an LC(50) of approximately 1919 µg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calotropis procera is a promising plant for an alternative antimycoplasmal agent because the crude acetone extract had a higher mycoplasmacidal activity than the conventional drug tylosin, which is currently used in treatment of the disease in Nigeria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crude extract of Calotropis procera is worth investigating for the development of a potent agent against cattle Mycoplasma, which has long defied solution by conventional chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Phytomedicine Programme, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa. muravet2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Muraina
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Adaudi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamman
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kazeem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: McGaw
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Eloff
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031107:Calotropis / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D009549:Nigeria; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D015645:Tylosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D035741:Vernonia / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015645:Tylosin