title: Feasibility of the 3D RCA catheter to engage the brachiocephalic vessels during carotid angiography and stenting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Engagement of the brachiocephalic vessels during carotid angiography is performed using a JR-4, Vitek, or other catheters with variable success. These catheters require additional training for safe manipulation. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using the 3D RCA catheter which requires less manipulation in the aorta, and less training, to engage the brachiocephalic vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied consecutive high-risk patients undergoing carotid angiography and stenting from August 2005 to March 2009 at our institution. A baseline aortogram was performed to define the arch type in all patients. Engagement of the brachiocephalic vessels was initially attempted using the 3D RCA catheter using the following approach: The 3D RCA catheter is positioned in the ascending aorta beyond the brachiocephalic vessels take off. The natural curve of the catheter usually makes it point cephalad spontaneously in most patients and as it is gently withdrawn it engages the aortic arch vessels without much manipulation. Clinical follow-up with a neurological exam was performed at one month and six months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52 patients were enrolled in this study. Baseline demographics and aortic arch types encountered are listed in Table I. The 3D RCA catheter readily engaged the brachiocephalic vessels in 50/52 patients (96.0 %) in our cohort of patients undergoing carotid angiography. Of the 52 patients, 43 subsequently underwent carotid stenting and shuttle sheath placement was facilitated by initial engagement of the relevant common carotid artery with the 3D RCA catheter. There was one transient neurologic complication that resolved by 5 days in a patient that underwent carotid stenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D RCA catheter can be used with a high success rate to engage the brachiocephalic vessels in all 3 arch types, including a bovine arch during carotid angiography and facilitates shuttle sheath placement for carotid stenting. It requires less manipulation and therefore may be a more operator friendly approach. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA. NWasty@SBHCS.com
authors.forename: Najam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wasty
authors.forename: Mateen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abidi
authors.forename: Anjum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanwir
authors.forename: Vamsee
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yaganti
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mejevoi
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ramzan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Zakir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001027:Aortography; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D057785:Catheters; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009515:New Jersey; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome