title: The repeatability and validity of questionnaires assessing occupational physical activity--a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to review systematically the repeatability and validity of questionnaires used to assess occupational physical activity among healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed and Embase using occupational, work-related, job-related, physical activity, motor activity, and questionnaires as keywords. Two reviewers independently performed article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The methodological quality and results of the studies were evaluated based on an existing checklist. The level of evidence and repeatability, criterion, and construct validity were rated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 31 papers describing 30 questionnaires in the review. Repeatability was assessed in 22 studies, 11 used appropriate measures to assess 12 questionnaires. Intra-class correlation coefficients and weighted Cohen's kappa ranged between 0.43-0.95. Six studies used appropriate measures to assess criterion validity of 13 questionnaires. One questionnaire, the Tecumseh Self Administered Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire (TOQ), showed good criterion validity against a physical activity (PA) record. Eighteen studies used appropriate measures to assess the construct validity of 23 questionnaires. Comparison included those against accelerometers, maximal oxygen uptake, questionnaires, and body composition measures. None showed good construct validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is strong evidence for good reliability of four questionnaires. None of the reviewed questionnaires showed good criterion validity compared to objective measures. Compared to PA records, moderate-to-good validity was observed for two questionnaires. Objective measures of occupational PA are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden. lydia.kwak@ki.se
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Karin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Proper
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagströmer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires