title: Racial/ethnic differences in association of fasting glucose-associated genomic loci with fasting glucose, HOMA-B, and impaired fasting glucose in the U.S. adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate allele frequencies and the marginal and combined effects of novel fasting glucose (FG)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on FG levels and on risk of impaired FG (IFG) among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples from 3,024 adult fasting participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1991-1994) were genotyped for 16 novel FG-associated SNPs in multiple genes. We determined the allele frequencies and influence of these SNPs alone and in a weighted genetic risk score on FG, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), and IFG by race/ethnicity, while adjusting for age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All allele frequencies varied significantly by race/ethnicity. A weighted genetic risk score, based on 16 SNPs, was associated with a 0.022 mmol/l (95% CI 0.009-0.035), 0.036 mmol/l (0.019-0.052), and 0.033 mmol/l (0.020-0.046) increase in FG levels per risk allele among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for IFG were 1.78 for non-Hispanic whites (95% CI 1.00-3.17), 2.40 for non-Hispanic blacks (1.07-5.37), and 2.39 for Mexican Americans (1.37-4.14) when we compared the highest with the lowest quintiles of genetic risk score (P=0.365 for testing heterogeneity of effect across race/ethnicity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that allele frequencies of 16 novel FG-associated SNPs vary significantly by race/ethnicity, but the influence of these SNPs on FG levels, HOMA-B, and IFG were generally consistent across all racial/ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. qay0@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Quanhe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tiebin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shrader
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yesupriya
authors.forename: Man-huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Nicole F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Renée M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ned
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Florez
authors.forename: Muin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meigs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
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