title: Association of colony-forming units with coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Certain bone marrow-derived cell populations, called endothelial progenitor cells, have been reported to possess angiogenic activity. Experimental data suggest that depletion of these angiogenic cell populations may promote atherogenesis, but limited data are available on their relation to subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 889 participants of the Framingham Heart Study who were free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease (mean age, 65 years; 55% women). Participants underwent endothelial progenitor cell phenotyping with an early-outgrowth colony-forming unit assay and cell surface markers. Participants also underwent noncontrast multidetector computed tomography to assess the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, as reflected by the burden of coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification. Across decreasing tertiles of colony-forming units, there was a progressive increase in median coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification scores. In multivariable analyses adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, each 1-SD increase in colony-forming units was associated with a ≈16% decrease in coronary artery calcification (P=0.02) and 17% decrease in abdominal aortic calcification (P=0.03). In contrast, neither CD34(+)/KDR(+) nor CD34(+) variation was associated with significant differences in coronary or aortic calcification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large, community-based sample of men and women, lower colony-forming unit number was associated with a higher burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries and aorta. Decreased angiogenic potential could contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in humans.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, GRB-800, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Stanley Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Shih-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Roderick P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Rachael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Basma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
references.citation: Exp Hematol. 2007 Jul;35(7):1109-18
references.pmid: 17588480
references.citation: Clin Med Cardiol. 2009 May 27;3:53-60
references.pmid: 20407620
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2008 Mar 27;358(13):1336-45
references.pmid: 18367736
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 Mar 15;15(4):827-32
references.pmid: 2407762
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Jun 3;117(22):2938-48
references.pmid: 18519861
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Feb 6;103(5):634-7
references.pmid: 11156872
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Feb;116(4):283-99
references.pmid: 19138170
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2009 Jul;158(1):53-60.e1
references.pmid: 19540392
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Apr;27(4):936-42
references.pmid: 17255539
references.citation: Thorax. 2005 May;60(5):410-3
references.pmid: 15860717
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Sep;110(3):281-90
references.pmid: 474565
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2006 Jul;20(7):490-5
references.pmid: 16496018
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Aug;23(8):2611-8
references.pmid: 18353889
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(4):805-10
references.pmid: 17446880
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2006 Mar;57(3):396-402
references.pmid: 16434160
references.citation: Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2005 Mar;64(1):1-8
references.pmid: 15668988
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 13;348(7):593-600
references.pmid: 12584367
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2008 Feb 1;101(3):326-31
references.pmid: 18237594
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Sep 25;116(13):1473-81
references.pmid: 17785619
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Jul 6;89(1):E1-7
references.pmid: 11440984
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Jan 14;291(2):210-5
references.pmid: 14722147
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Jan 1;105(1):199-206
references.pmid: 15345590
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 8;353(10):999-1007
references.pmid: 16148285
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Sep;28(9):1584-95
references.pmid: 18669889
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Sep;26(9):2140-6
references.pmid: 16857948
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98(19):10716-21
references.pmid: 11535826
references.citation: Eur J Clin Invest. 2007 Jan;37(1):35-41
references.pmid: 17181565
references.citation: Nat Med. 2001 Apr;7(4):430-6
references.pmid: 11283669
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Jun 7;111(22):2981-7
references.pmid: 15927972
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Mar;56(3):809-19
references.pmid: 17328055
references.citation: Am Heart J. 1986 Jun;111(6):1177-92
references.pmid: 3716991
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Oct 5;110(14):2039-46
references.pmid: 15451799
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 3;45(9):1441-8
references.pmid: 15862416
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Oct 9;116(15):1671-82
references.pmid: 17909106
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2007 Jun;21(6):445-51
references.pmid: 17361211
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Mar 20;103(11):1529-34
references.pmid: 11257080
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Jan;13(1):87-102
references.pmid: 19067770
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2006 Feb;12(2):331-5
references.pmid: 16548691
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Oct 10;2(10):e975
references.pmid: 17925881
references.citation: Stroke. 2006 Sep;37(9):2277-82
references.pmid: 16873710
references.citation: Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1951 Mar;41(3):279-81
references.pmid: 14819398
references.citation: FASEB J. 2009 May;23(5):1358-65
references.pmid: 19124561
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2007 Jul;25(7):1746-52
references.pmid: 17395771
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Oct;29(10):1424-32
references.pmid: 19372462
references.citation: Acta Ophthalmol. 2010 Feb;88(1):135-41
references.pmid: 19549102
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2008 Jun;29(12):1560-8
references.pmid: 18515295
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2009 Aug;52(8):1464-73
references.pmid: 19484217
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Jul 26;112(4):572-7
references.pmid: 16009800