title: PPARs: Nuclear Receptors Controlled by, and Controlling, Nutrient Handling through Nuclear and Cytosolic Signaling.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are known to regulate lipid homeostasis, are tightly controlled by nutrient availability, and they control nutrient handling. In this paper, we focus on how nutrients control the expression and action of PPARs and how cellular signaling events regulate the action of PPARs in metabolically active tissues (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and white adipose tissue). We address the structure and function of the PPARs, and their interaction with other nuclear receptors, including PPAR cross-talk. We further discuss the roles played by different kinase pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK MAPK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), and the NAD+-regulated protein deacetylase SIRT1, serving to control the activity of the PPARs themselves as well as that of a key nutrient-related PPAR coactivator, PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha). We also highlight how currently applied nutrigenomic strategies will increase our understanding on how nutrients regulate metabolic homeostasis through PPAR signaling.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Senese
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goglia
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanni
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Lange
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