title: HPK1 associates with SKAP-HOM to negatively regulate Rap1-mediated B-lymphocyte adhesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a Ste20-related serine/threonine kinase activated by a range of environmental stimuli including genotoxic stress, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and antigen receptor triggering. Being inducibly recruited to membrane-proximal signalling scaffolds to regulate NFAT, AP-1 and NFkappaB-mediated gene transcription in T-cells, the function of HPK1 in B-cells to date remains rather ill-defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using two loss of function models, we show that HPK1 displays a novel function in regulating B-cell integrin activity. Wehi 231 lymphoma cells lacking HPK1 after shRNA mediated knockdown exhibit increased basic activation levels of Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), accompanied by a severe lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) dependent homotypic aggregation and increased adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). The observed phenotype of enhanced integrin activity is caused downstream of Src, by a signalling module independent of PI3K and PLC, involving HPK1, SKAP55 homologue (SKAP-HOM) and Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM). This alters actin dynamics and renders focal adhesion kinase (FAK) constitutively phosphorylated. Bone marrow and splenic B-cell development of HPK1(-/-) mice are largely unaffected, except age-related tendencies for increased splenic cellularity and BCR downregulation. In addition, naïve splenic knockout B-cells appear hyperresponsive to a range of stimuli applied ex vivo as recently demonstrated by others for T-cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We therefore conclude that HPK1 exhibits a dual function in B-cells by negatively regulating integrin activity and controlling cellular activation, which makes it an interesting candidate to study in pathological settings like autoimmunity and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Königsberger
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peckl-Schmid
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaborsky
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Patzak
authors.forename: Friedemann
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Achatz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins; C102102:hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1; C514255:SKAP1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins
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