title: Clinical results of proton-beam therapy for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton-beam therapy for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 51 patients with esophageal cancer who were treated between 1985 and 2005 using proton beams with or without X-rays. All but one had squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 51 patients, 33 received combinations of X-rays (median 46 Gy) and protons (median 36 GyE) as a boost. The median total dose of combined X-rays and proton radiation for these 33 patients was 80 GyE (range 70-90 GyE). The other 18 patients received proton-beam therapy alone (median 79 GyE, range 62-98 GyE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment interruption due to radiation-induced esophagitis or hematologic toxicity was not required for any patient. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate for the 51 patients was 21.1% and the median survival time was 20.5 months (95% confidence interval 10.9-30.2). Of the 51 patients, 40 (78%) showed a complete response within 4 months after completing treatment and seven (14%) showed a partial response, giving a response rate of 92% (47/51). The 5-year local control rate for all 51 patients was 38.0% and the median local control time was 25.5 months (95% confidence interval 14.6-36.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that proton-beam therapy is an effective treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies are required to determine the optimal total dose, fractionation schedules, and best combination of proton therapy with chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizumoto
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashii
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuuye
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061766:Proton Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014965:X-Rays; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons
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