title: Andes virus disrupts the endothelial cell barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulation of VE-cadherin.
abstract: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) are severe diseases associated with hantavirus infection. High levels of virus replication occur in microvascular endothelial cells but without a virus-induced cytopathic effect. However, virus infection results in microvascular leakage, which is the hallmark of these diseases. VE-cadherin is a major component of adherens junctions, and its interaction with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, VEGF-R2, is important for maintaining the integrity of the endothelial barrier. Here we report that increased secreted VEGF and concomitant decreased VE-cadherin are seen at early times postinfection of human primary lung endothelial cells with an HPS-associated hantavirus, Andes virus. Furthermore, active virus replication results in increased permeability and loss of the integrity of the endothelial cell barrier. VEGF binding to VEGF-R2 is known to result in dissociation of VEGF-R2 from VE-cadherin and in VE-cadherin activation, internalization, and degradation. Consistent with this, we showed that an antibody which blocks VEGF-R2 activation resulted in inhibition of the Andes virus-induced VE-cadherin reduction. These data implicate virus induction of VEGF and reduction in VE-cadherin in the endothelial cell permeability seen in HPS and suggest potential immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Special Pathogens Branch, G-14, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Punya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shrivastava-Ranjan
authors.forename: Pierre E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.forename: Christina F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Spiropoulou
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000821:virology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D018804:Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D011485:Protein Binding; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D000099152:Cadherin 5
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