title: Estimation of radiation exposure of 128-slice 4D-perfusion CT for the assessment of tumor vascularity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to estimate the effective dose of 4D-Perfusion-CT protocols of the lung, liver, and pelvis for the assessment of tumor vascularity.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Alderson-Rando phantom equipped with thermoluminescent dosimeters was used to determine the effective dose values of 4D-Perfusion-CT. Phantom measurements were performed on a 128-slice single-source scanner in adaptive 4D-spiral-mode with bidirectional table movement and a total scan range of 69 mm over a time period of nearly 120 seconds (26 scans). Perfusion measurements were simulated for the lung, liver, and pelvis under the following conditions: lung (80 kV, 60 mAs), liver (80 kV/80 mAs and 80 kV/120 mAs), pelvis (100 kV/80 mAs and 100 kV/120 mAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on gender, the evaluated body region and scan protocol, an effective whole-body dose between 2.9-12.2 mSv, was determined. The radiation exposure administered to gender-specific organs like the female breast tissue (lung perfusion) or to the ovaries (pelvic perfusion) led to an increase in the female specific dose by 86% and 100% in perfusion scans of the lung and the pelvis, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to a significant radiation dose of 4D-perfusion-CT protocols, the responsible use of this new promising technique is mandatory. Gender- and organ-specific differences should be considered for indication and planning of tumor perfusion scans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, Tuebingen, Germany. dominik.ketelsen@med.unituebingen.de
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ketelsen
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horger
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchgeister
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenchel
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boehringer
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsiflikas
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heuschmid
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage
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