title: Casimir Funk: his discovery of the vitamins and their deficiency disorders.
abstract: The history of the discovery of vitamins is the history of their deficiency disorders. Their discoverer was Casimir Funk, who is considered the 'father of vitamin therapy'. In his experimental research, Funk studied the interrelationships in the human body of those elements that Eijkman had demonstrated in animals, particularly in birds. In his experimental research, Funk identified the dietetic factors whose lack caused the 'deficiency disorders', as he called human beri-beri, scurvy, rickets and pellagra. In 1911, he designated these factors 'vitamins' ('vita' = life, and 'amine' = a nitrogenous substance essential for life); this name was accepted by the scientific community in 1912.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurological Science, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Contrada Burga, Mangone, Italy. a.piro@isn.cnr.it
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tagarelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagonia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tagarelli
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quattrone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001602:Beriberi / Q000266:history; D004046:Dietetics / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000266:history*; D010383:Pellagra / Q000266:history; D012279:Rickets / Q000266:history; D012614:Scurvy / Q000266:history; D014815:Vitamins / Q000266:history*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins