Post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse and migraine: new findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).
BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with migraine and drug abuse.


METHODS
This was an analysis of data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) to evaluate the association of PTSD in those with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic daily headache (CDH).


RESULTS
Our sample consisted of 5,692 participants. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of PTSD were increased in those with EM and CDH. After adjustments, the lifetime odds ratio (OR) of PTSD was greater in those with EM (OR 3.07 confidence interval [CI]: 2.12, 4.46) compared to those without headache; was greater in men than women with EM (men: OR 6.86; CI: 3.11, 15.11; women: OR 2.77; CI: 1.83, 4.21); and was comparable or greater than the association between migraine with depression or anxiety. The lifetime OR of PTSD was also increased in CDH sufferers. The OR of illicit drug abuse was not increased in those with EM or CDH unless co-occurring with PTSD or depression.


CONCLUSIONS
The lifetime and 12-month OR of PTSD is increased in those with migraine or CDH, and is greater in men than women with migraine. The lifetime and 12-month OR of illicit drug abuse is not increased in those with migraine or CDH unless co-occurring with PTSD or depression.
Peterlin
B Lee
BL
Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. lpeterlin@jhmi.edu
Rosso
Andrea L
AL
Sheftell
Fred D
FD
Libon
David J
DJ
Mossey
Jana M
JM
Merikangas
Kathleen R
KR
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993 Oct;56(10):1119-21
8410012
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;52(12):1048-60
7492257
Neurol Clin. 1997 Feb;15(1):115-23
9058400
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2006;15(4):167-80
17266013
Headache. 2002 Oct;42(9):934-44
12390624
Headache. 2009 Apr;49(4):541-51
19245387
Headache. 2007 Nov-Dec;47(10):1418-26
18052951
Neurology. 2008 Feb 12;70(7):538-47
18268246
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1987;12(1):13-20
3588809
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(2):69-92
15297905
J Headache Pain. 2007 Jun;8(3):157-66
17568991
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 May;11(3):373-80
17971259
J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jul;22(5):469-72
18701640
Headache. 2009 Oct;49(9):1267-76
19788469
JAMA. 2003 Jun 18;289(23):3095-105
12813115
Neurology. 2006 Jul 25;67(2):246-51
16864816
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;71(6):747-51
11723194
J Neuroendocrinol. 2009 Mar;21(4):351-8
19207807
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Oct;57(10):945-50
11015812
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997 Oct;65(5):834-47
9337502
Cephalalgia. 1994 Apr;14(2):139-42
8062352
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Jan;54(1):81-7
9006404
Headache. 2006 Apr;46(4):597-603
16643554
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2007 Sep;2(3):227-39
17873968
Cephalalgia. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160
14979299
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Mar;48(3):216-22
1996917
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Dec;64(12):1435-42
18056552
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4224-31
15886244
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Sep;28(9):1656-65
12838270
Cephalalgia. 1995;15(4):292-6
7585926