title: Photochemical analysis of 14C-fenhexamid in aqueous solution and structural elucidation of a new metabolite.
abstract: The photodegradation kinetics and the break down pathway of fenhexamid were studied in aqueous systems using [phenyl-UL-14C]- and [carbonyl-14C]-labelled compounds. The photolysis of fenhexamid followed first-order kinetics. The degradation rate of fenhexamid was significantly influenced by the solution pH with rate constants (k) of 2.11×10(-2), 4.47×10(-2), 6.11×10(-1) and 1.69 h(-1) at pH 5.0, 6.6, 7.3 and 9.0, respectively. Fenhexamid exhibited no significant change in degradation rate in the presence of acetone and hydrogen peroxide, while humic and fulvic acids retarded the degradation rate, because they shielded the active molecules from light. However, in phosphate medium, the photolysis rate was significantly enhanced as a function of concentration. About 3-8% and 10-25% photo mineralization were observed, using [carbonyl-14C]- and [phenyl-UL-14C]-labelled fenhexamid in aqueous solutions at different pH, respectively. In addition to four known metabolites, one major and five minor photoproducts out of which one is reported for the first time, were identified using high resolution LC-MS/MS and NMR. The toxicity of the new metabolite was tested against the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss with no lethal effect at 100 mg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Campus North, Otto-Hahn Strasse 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohan Akhila
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maheswari
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamshöft
authors.forename: Premasis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sukul
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spiteller
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zühlke
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiteller
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010782:Photolysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C451426:N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide