title: Effect of cigarette smoking on pain intensity of TMD patients: a pilot study.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking (CS) on pain intensity in a sample of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients, 352 clinical charts were reviewed. Subjects were first divided into two groups: smokers (YS) and nonsmokers (NS); then, YS were further divided into three subgroups: light smokers (LS), moderate smokers (MS), and heavy smokers (HS). Overall TMD pain intensity was higher in YS, compared to NS, and a correlation was found between pain intensity and the number of cigarettes smoked in a day by each subject. A significant difference was evident between NS and HS. The results were not evident in males; age was not correlated either with smoking or pain intensity, and the effect of CS on pain intensity was not correlated with any particular TMD diagnosis. CS seems to be a relevant factor affecting the intensity of TMD pain, thus, control of smoking habits should be considered when treating TMD patients.
authors.affiliation: Craniomandibular Pain Center, Tufts University, USA. marcellomelis01@libero.it
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Silvia Lobo
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceneviz
authors.forename: Urvi N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Ruparelia
authors.forename: Khalid H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zawawi
authors.forename: Brijesh P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chandwani
authors.forename: Noshir R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000503:physiopathology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult