title: Facial affect processing in social anxiety: tasks and stimuli.
abstract: Social anxiety (SA) has as its main feature the fear of social situations, being characterized as social phobia or social anxiety disorder when functional impairment emerges as a result of that fear. Although the recognition of the condition has increased in recent years, it is believed that many patients and physicians still take the symptoms of the disorder for personality traits with no need for treatment. There is evidence that people with SA display abnormal patterns of facial emotion processing that could account for the onset and maintenance of the disorder. The objective of this review is to describe, compare, and discuss the methods used to study facial emotion processing in SA with an emphasis on the tasks and stimuli employed. Articles were searched for on online scientific databases. Forty research articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. The articles were read and information from them was gathered on a comparative table for analysis. Evidence available to date suggests that SA individuals have abnormal patterns of facial information processing characterized by a bias for negative emotions. The results of the articles analyzed have a high degree of concordance, in spite of the variety of tasks and stimuli employed. The similarity between results from non-clinical samples with SA and patients affected by social phobia speaks in favor of the current view that SA occurs as a continuum of severity, rather than a clearly circumscribed nosological entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavior of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Machado-de-Sousa
authors.forename: Kátia C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Arrais
authors.forename: Nelson T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Marcos H N
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Meneses-Gaya
authors.forename: José Alexandre de S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: Jaime Eduardo C
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hallak
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D006801:Humans; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*