title: A new approach to increasing the efficiency of low-pH Fe-electrocoagulation applications.
abstract: Incomplete oxidation of Fe(II) species released from the anode to Fe(III) may impede iron electrocoagulation processes conducted under low dissolved oxygen and/or pH<7 conditions, accompanied by the typically high buffering capacity of wastewater. This paper introduces a new approach to overcome this drawback by applying a second electrochemical cell (Ti/RuO(2) anode and Ti cathode) to be operated in parallel to the electrocoagulation cell. The second unit oxidizes Cl(-) ions invariably present in the water to HOCl, which is capable of oxidizing Fe(II) species at a high rate, irrespective of pH or O(2(aq)) concentration. An electrolytic cell with a Ti/RuO(2) anode and Ti cathode was shown to successively operate in parallel to a sacrificial electrocoagulation cell (Fe anode and Ti cathode) to attain complete Fe(II) conversion to Fe(III) under low-pH conditions, in which, in the absence of the 2nd cell, unwanted Fe(II) species would have dominated the dissolved iron species. Current efficiency for Cl(2) production was 12.4% and 45.7% at 200 and 1000 mg Cl/l, respectively. Under three practical conditions (pH 6, [Cl(-)]=200 mg/l; pH 6, [Cl(-)]=400 mg/l; pH 5, [Cl(-)]=600 mg/l) the power demand of the combined system was 25.29, 12.7 and 8.1 kWh/kg Fe(III)(produced), respectively, suggesting that the presented approach is competitive at [Cl(-)]>∼600 mg/l.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel. ygendel@techunix.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Youri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gendel
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lahav
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron; D010100:Oxygen