title: Metabolomics reveals relationship between plasma inositols and birth weight: possible markers for fetal programming of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Epidemiological studies in man and with experimental animal models have shown that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight is associated with higher risk of programming welfare diseases in later life. In the pig, severe IUGR occurs naturally and contribute substantially to a large intralitter variation in birth weight and may therefore be a good model for man. In the present paper the natural form of IUGR in pigs was studied close to term by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-)based metabolomics. The NMR-based investigations revealed different metabolic profiles of plasma samples from low-birth weight (LW) and high-birth weight (HW) piglets, respectively, and differences were assigned to levels of glucose and myo-inositol. Further studies by GC-MS revealed that LW piglets had a significant higher concentration of myoinositol and D-chiro-inositol in plasma compared to larger littermates. Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been coupled with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in adults, and the present paper therefore suggests that IUGR is related to impaired glucose metabolism during fetal development, which may cause type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Aarslev, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pia Marlene
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nebel
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oksbjerg
authors.forename: Hanne Christine
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bertram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007294:Inositol / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007294:Inositol
references.citation: Diabetes. 2009 Jun;58(6):1428-33
references.pmid: 19228808
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):9988-92
references.pmid: 8234346
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2007 Mar;148(3):1350-8
references.pmid: 17110432
references.citation: Biochem J. 1977 Oct 1;167(1):229-35
references.pmid: 588254
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(5-6):894-903
references.pmid: 16118061
references.citation: Diabetes. 1980 Dec;29(12):1023-35
references.pmid: 7002669
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 1981 Apr;52(4):748-56
references.pmid: 7196399
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5 Suppl):1344S-52S
references.pmid: 10799412
references.citation: Diabetes. 1984 Jul;33(7):656-60
references.pmid: 6376221
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978 Mar;32(1):34-7
references.pmid: 262586
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 2006 Jan;84(1):93-103
references.pmid: 16361495
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Jun;344(1-2):181-8
references.pmid: 15149887
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1997 Oct 1;100(7):1768-74
references.pmid: 9312176
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 1996 Oct;76(4):591-603
references.pmid: 8942365
references.citation: Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 2002;3(1):47-60
references.pmid: 11900279
references.citation: Yonsei Med J. 2005 Aug 31;46(4):532-8
references.pmid: 16127779
references.citation: Reproduction. 2004 May;127(5):515-26
references.pmid: 15129007
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Apr 15;165(8):849-57
references.pmid: 17215379
references.citation: Placenta. 2009 Mar;30 Suppl A:S77-82
references.pmid: 19144403
references.citation: Hypertension. 2006 Mar;47(3):502-8
references.pmid: 16415374
references.citation: Diabetes. 2009 Jun;58(6):1255-6
references.pmid: 19461116
references.citation: J Endocrinol. 1995 Jul;146(1):23-34
references.pmid: 7561617
references.citation: Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003 Sep;228(8):907-14
references.pmid: 12968062
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2002 Sep;45(9):1247-54
references.pmid: 12242457
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May;288(5):E935-47
references.pmid: 15625086
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 1978 Jun;46(6):1634-40
references.pmid: 690014
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Jan;284(1):R140-52
references.pmid: 12388450
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2349-53
references.pmid: 18268345
references.citation: Placenta. 2003 Jan;24(1):34-8
references.pmid: 12495657
references.citation: Diabetologia. 1992 Jul;35(7):595-601
references.pmid: 1644236
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jul 1;90(13):5924-8
references.pmid: 8392181