title: Radial-searching contour extraction method based on a modified active contour model for mammographic masses.
abstract: In this study, we developed an automatic extraction scheme for the precise recognition of the contours of masses on digital mammograms in order to improve a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. We propose a radial-searching contour extraction method based on a modified active contour model (ACM). In this technique, after determining the central point of a mass by searching for the direction of the density gradient, we arranged an initial contour at the central point, and the movement of a control point was limited to directions radiating from the central point. Moreover, it became possible to increase the extraction accuracy by sorting out the pixel used for processing and using two images-an edge-intensity image and a degree-of-separation image defined based on the pixel-value histogram-for calculation of the image forces used for constraints on deformation of the ACM. We investigated the accuracy of the automated extraction method by using 53 masses with several "difficult contours" on 53 digitized mammograms. The extraction results were compared quantitatively with the "correct segmentation" represented by an experienced physician's sketches. The numbers of cases in which the extracted region corresponded to the correct region with overlap ratios of more than 81 and 61% were 30 and 45, respectively. The initial results obtained with this technique show that it will be useful for the segmentation of masses in CAD schemes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intelligent Image Information, Division of Regeneration and Advanced Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. nakagawa@fjt.info.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Katsuhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Tokiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods; D001940:Breast / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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