title: Alterations in arterial pressure in patients with Type 1 diabetes are associated with long-term poor metabolic control and a more atherogenic lipid profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of alterations in blood pressure (BP) in patients with Type 1 diabetes who are normoalbuminuric and normotensive; and to evaluate the association with genetic, clinical and metabolic factors. MATERIAL/ METHODS: Normoalbuminuric, normotensive Type 1 diabetic patients (no.=85) had their ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) performed over 24 h, together with measurement of HbA1c and lipid profile, polymorphisms of the ACE gene, non-midriatic retinography, and the "historical HbA1c" calculated (mean of all the determinations available on the patient).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 85 patients, a mean of 18.8% had pathologic values of BP over the 24 h, 31.8% during active periods and 22.4% during rest periods; in 42% there was a non-dipper pattern in BP. The patients with alterations of BP had higher body mass index (BMI), higher levels of glycemia and of triglycerides, and decreased levels of HDL cholesterol. The "historical HbA1c" was significantly higher in the patients with the non-dipper pattern (8.6 ± 1.4% vs 7.9 ± 1.4%; p=0.046). Pulse pressure was directly associated with male gender (p=0.006) and with BMI (p=0.001). No differences were detected in the distribution of the polymorphisms of the ACE gene as a function of the BP alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated number normoalbuminuric, normotensive, Type 1 diabetic patients have alterations in BP detected with ABPM over 24 h, and these are associated with a greater BMI, poor long-term metabolic control and a more atherogenic lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain. fjvil@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vílchez-López
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carral-Sanlaureano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coserria-Sánchez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Diosdado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
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