title: Alcohol consumption and breast cancer recurrence and survival among women with early-stage breast cancer: the life after cancer epidemiology study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of alcohol consumption after breast cancer diagnosis with recurrence and mortality among early-stage breast cancer survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included 1,897 LACE study participants diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer between 1997 and 2000 and recruited on average 2 years postdiagnosis, primarily from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry. Alcohol consumption (ie, wine, beer, and liquor) was assessed at cohort entry using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI with adjustment for known prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred ninety-three breast cancer recurrences and 273 overall deaths were ascertained after an average follow-up of 7.4 years. Nine hundred fifty-eight women (51%) were considered drinkers (> 0.5 g/d of alcohol), and the majority drank wine (89%). Drinking ≥ 6 g/d of alcohol compared with no drinking was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.83) and death due to breast cancer (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.29). The increased risk of recurrence appeared to be greater among postmenopausal (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.19) and overweight and obese women (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.38). Alcohol intake was not associated with all-cause death and possibly associated with decreased risk of non-breast cancer death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consuming three to four alcoholic drinks or more per week after a breast cancer diagnosis may increase risk of breast cancer recurrence, particularly among postmenopausal and overweight/obese women, yet the cardioprotective effects of alcohol on non-breast cancer death were suggested.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Marilyn.L.Kwan@kp.org
authors.forename: Marilyn L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kushi
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weltzien
authors.forename: Emily K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Bette J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Caan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D050177:Overweight; D017698:Postmenopause; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
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