title: Superoxide differentially controls pulmonary and systemic vascular tone through multiple signalling pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of Ca(2+) sensitization, ion channels, and intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in the mixed constrictor/relaxation actions of superoxide anion on systemic and pulmonary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pulmonary and mesenteric arteries were obtained from rat. Superoxide was generated in arteries and cells with 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinequinone (LY83583). Following pre-constriction with U46619, 10 μmol/L LY83583 caused constriction in pulmonary and relaxation in mesenteric arteries. Both constrictor and relaxant actions of LY83583 were inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase. LY83583 caused Rho-kinase-dependent constriction in α-toxin-permeabilized pulmonary but not mesenteric arteries. Phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit-1 (MYPT-1; as determined by western blot), was enhanced by LY83583 in pulmonary artery only. However, in both artery types, changes in tension were closely correlated with changes in phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain as well as changes in [Ca(2+)](i) (as measured with Fura PE-3), with LY83583 causing increases in pulmonary and decreases in mesenteric arteries. When U46619 was replaced by 30 mmol/L K(+), all changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were abolished and LY83583 constricted both artery types. The K(V) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine abolished the LY83583-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery without affecting constriction in pulmonary artery. However, LY83583 caused a similar hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state activation of K(V) current in isolated smooth muscle cells of both artery types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  superoxide only causes Rho-kinase-dependent Ca(2+) sensitization in pulmonary artery, resulting in constriction, and whilst it opens K(V) channels in both artery types, this only results in relaxation in mesenteric.
authors.affiliation: Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College London, Room 3.20, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Snetkov
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Smirnov
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kua
authors.forename: Philip I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: Jeremy P T
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Greg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Knock
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D011810:Quinoxalines; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D013481:Superoxides; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; C041715:6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase
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