title: Wingspan stenting with modified predilation for symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a modified predilation for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Wingspan stenting of MCA remains a technical challenge, and rates of residual stenosis and restenosis must be lowered.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 48 patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis greater than 50% and refractory to medical therapy underwent Wingspan stenting with different balloon/artery ratios before (group 1, Boston guidelines predilation) or after (group 2, modified predilation) July of 2008. Technical success, periprocedural complications, recurrent symptoms, and restenosis were assessed retrospectively, and risk factors for restenosis were analyzed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful stenting occurred in 48 of 49 (98%) lesions. Primary endpoints within 30 days included one (2.12%) minor stroke and two (4.26%) transient ischemic attacks. Stenoses were reduced from 77.11% ± 10.09% to 27.50% ± 6.91% in group 1 versus from 72.56% ± 10.46% to 8.20% ± 5.41% in group 2. A total of 43 patients were followed up for 12.92 ± 5.08 months, and recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack occurred in two (4.65%) patients. Vessels were followed with transcranial Doppler (43 vessels), angiography (23 vessels), or computed tomographic angiography (one vessel). The restenosis rate was 8 of 18 (44%) in group 1 and 3 of 25 (12%) in group 2. Restenosis was associated with residual stenosis and diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wingspan stenting for symptomatic MCA stenosis can be performed with high success and low complication rates, and modified predilation with the Gateway balloon can reduce the rates of residual stenosis and restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zheng-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jian-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial