title: Light-dependant intraretinal ion regulation by melanopsin in young awake and free moving mice evaluated with manganese-enhanced MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that in young, functionally blind mice, light-dependent intraretinal ion regulation occurs via melanopsin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postnatal day (P) 7 wild type (WT, C57Bl/6) and melanopsin knockout (KO, opn4-/-, B6129) mice were light or dark adapted. Awake and freely moving animals were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with MnCl(2). Four hours later, the mice in both groups were anesthetized and studied with manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to measure the extent of intraretinal uptake of manganese and whole retinal thicknesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control P7 mice, light exposure increased (p<0.05) retinal manganese uptake over that in dark. This difference was observed throughout most of the retina. In P7 KO mice, intraretinal manganese uptake did not differ from that in age-matched dark-adapted WT mice, and was not light-dependent. No differences in whole retinal thickness were noted between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First time evidence is presented which demonstrates intraretinal ion regulation by melanopsin in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. baberko@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bissig
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003624:Darkness; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D000099210:Melanopsin
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D008345:Manganese; D017299:Rod Opsins; D000099210:Melanopsin
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