title: A green method using micellar system for determination of sulfonamides in soil.
abstract: A green and simple method was developed for determination of sulfonamides (SAs) in soil samples. The procedure was based on the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of SAs from soil using non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 as the extraction medium. Then sodium chloride was added into the MAE extract and the mixture was equilibrated for some time at high temperature. The analytes in the surfactant-rich phase were concentrated with the help of centrifugation and directly analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. None of potentially hazardous organic solvents was used in the whole sample preparation procedure. The significant variables for the performance of extraction and concentration were studied. The limits of detection of SAs obtained are in the range of 3.2-5.7 ng g(-1). The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day tests ranging from 3.5% to 7.7% and from 4.6% to 9.5% are obtained, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of SAs in some soil samples with different characteristics. The SAs recoveries obtained at fortified level of 100 ng g(-1) for these samples are in the range of 81.2-93.7%. The effect of ageing time of spiked soil samples on the SAs recoveries was examined by the proposed method and a method reported in the literature. The recoveries of SAs decreased when the ageing time changed from 1 day to 4 weeks.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Ligang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qinglei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Haoyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaopan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hanqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008823:Micelles; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides