title: Low rate of conversion to transfemoral approach when attempting both radial arteries for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: a study of 1,826 consecutive procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite a proven safety profile, the transradial approach (TRA) for coronary procedures is regarded by many as complicated and the second-choice arterial access, with a high conversion rate to transfemoral access (TFA). This study reports causes of failure and the contemporary success rate of TRA when both radial arteries are attempted first before converting to TFA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, single-center study included 1,826 consecutive patients referred for cardiac catheterization, which was performed by two trained operators between January 2005 and June 2007. Procedural data were reported in a specific database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedural success rate through TRA (attempting one or both radial arteries) was 98.8%. One hundred and thirty-five radial attempts failed. Inability to puncture or to wire the artery accounted for 52.6% of failures, inability to reach coronary or graft ostia accounted for 20.7% and the remaining failures were related to the inability to reach a contralateral mammary graft. By multivariate analysis, the best predictors for failures were peripheral artery disease (PAD) (odds ratio [OR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.8; p = 0.016), bedside clinical assessment of either a "small radial artery" size (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.0; p = 0.003) or a "difficult access" (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.9; p = 0.006). The number of failed attempts regresses annually by about 40% (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8; p < 0.001), thus demonstrating a continuous learning curve. Although rare, hematoma combined with swelling (3.8%) arises more frequently in females (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-3.9; p = 0.001) and elderly patients (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0- 3.7; p = 0.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TRA can be safely proposed for all patients, with a low conversion rate to TFA when an attempt on both radial arteries is considered first.
authors.affiliation: University of Louvain, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires de Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium. antoine.guedes@uclouvain.be
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guédès
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dangoisse
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamart
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chenu
authors.forename: Baudouin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marchandise
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001916:Brachial Artery; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017534:Radial Artery; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014655:Vascular Resistance