Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil.
We determined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among 963 pregnant women attending an obstetric hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Seroprevalences of IgG and IgM against T. gondii were 68.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65.6-71.6%) and 0.5% (95% CI = 0.06-1.0%), respectively. Seroprevalence of IgG was high in women less than 25 years of age (91.7%) and in low-income women (odds Ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.02-1.90). Multivariate regression analysis showed that consumption of homemade water ice (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.09-2.04), vegetables washed with untreated water (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05-1.94), consumption of chicken (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.12-2.0), and dog ownership (adjusted OR= 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07-1.98) were factors associated with IgG seropositivity. Young women in northeastern Brazil living under poor socioeconomic conditions are at highest risk for acquiring infection with T. gondii. Oocyst contamination of water and soil must be addressed in future prevention strategies.
Sroka
Susann
S
Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Bartelheimer
Nina
N
Winter
Andreas
A
Heukelbach
Jörg
J
Ariza
Liana
L
Ribeiro
Heliane
H
Oliveira
Fabíola Araujo
FA
Queiroz
Ajax Jose Nogueira
AJ
Alencar
Carlos
C
Liesenfeld
Oliver
O
D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
J Parasitol. 2006 Jun;92(3):647-9
16884015
Int J Parasitol. 2000 Nov;30(12-13):1217-58
11113252
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002 Oct;8(10):634-40
12390281
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2003 Jul-Aug;45(4):229-31
14502353
Int J Epidemiol. 2000 Oct;29(5):941-7
11034982
J Parasitol. 1998 Aug;84(4):862-5
9714227
Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Jun;10(6):1068-73
15207059
J Parasitol. 2006 Aug;92(4):863-4
16995406
Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(8):625-31
16857606
Clin Perinatol. 2005 Sep;32(3):705-26
16085028
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1999 May;41(3):171-4
10529836
Salud Publica Mex. 1992 Mar-Apr;34(2):222-9
1631735
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Apr;103(4):377-82
19211119
Epidemiol Infect. 2005 Jun;133(3):485-91
15962555
Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Feb;13(2):287-9
17479893
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2005 Mar-Apr;38(2):173-7
15821794
Epidemiol Infect. 2005 Jun;133(3):475-83
15962554
Lancet. 2004 Jun 12;363(9425):1965-76
15194258
Braz J Infect Dis. 2004 Apr;8(2):164-74
15361995
Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jan;9(1):55-62
12533282
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2003 May-Jun;45(3):147-51
12870064
Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Feb;12(2):326-9
16494765
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1995 Feb 3;5(2):R21-7
7532519
Trop Med Int Health. 2004 Aug;9(8):876-81
15303992
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004 Sep;16(3):176-86
15507185
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Mar;104(2):383-8
19430669
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2003 Jan-Feb;79(1):69-74
12973512
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004 Feb;99(1):13-7
15057340
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2004 Oct;11(4):301-17
15512992
Int J Parasitol. 2008 Sep;38(11):1257-78
18508057
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Mar;78(3):504-8
18337350
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007 Nov;21(6):525-31
17937738