title: The influence of influenza A (H1N1) virus on creatinine and cystatin C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In March 2009, the novel 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus was first reported in the southwestern USA and Mexico. It rapidly spread to China and worldwide. We investigated possible kidney injury in patients with the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective cohort investigation of the potential renal injury in patients of influenza. One hundred and seventy-two patients confirmed to have the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus but who had different levels of severity (non-severe, severe, and critically severe) and 21 cases who were influenza A (H1N1)-negative but who had an influenza-like illness were investigated. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (Cy-C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The influenza A (H1N1) virus caused more illness in middle-aged people in all groups. The patients in the non-severe group were younger than those in the severe group (p<0.05) and the non-influenza A (H1N1) group (p<0.01). Four subjects in the critically severe group died (3 due to respiratory failure, 1 heart injury). A significant difference in the levels of Cr and Cy-C between the groups was not observed (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus did not cause severe kidney injury in the acute phase in adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhidong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qiqi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhangying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yuangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Liangrong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism*; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine