title: Peripheral blood microRNAs distinguish active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) result from pathophysiologically distinct dysregulated immune responses, as evidenced by the preponderance of differing immune cell mediators and circulating cytokine expression profiles. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression and have an increasingly recognized role in immune regulation. We hypothesized that differences in circulating immune cells in CD and UC patients are reflected by altered miRNA expression and that miRNA expression patterns can distinguish CD and UC from normal healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood was obtained from patients with active CD, inactive CD, active UC, inactive UC, and normal healthy adults. Total RNA was isolated and miRNA expression assessed using miRNA microarray and validated by mature miRNA quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five miRNAs were significantly increased and two miRNAs (149* and miRplus-F1065) were significantly decreased in the blood of active CD patients as compared to healthy controls. Twelve miRNAs were significantly increased and miRNA-505* was significantly decreased in the blood of active UC patients as compared to healthy controls. Ten miRNAs were significantly increased and one miRNA was significantly decreased in the blood of active UC patients as compared to active CD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral blood miRNAs can be used to distinguish active CD and UC from healthy controls. The data support the evidence that CD and UC are associated with different circulating immune cells types and that the differential expression of peripheral blood miRNAs may form the basis of future diagnostic tests for inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Natalie Jia
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marohn
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gearhart
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bayless
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2002 Nov;48(11):1883-90
references.pmid: 12406972
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 May 11;5(5):e10344
references.pmid: 20485490
references.citation: Blood. 2009 Apr 16;113(16):3754-64
references.pmid: 19047678
references.citation: Ann Med. 2008;40(3):197-208
references.pmid: 18382885
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Oct 10;2(10):e1020
references.pmid: 17925868
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Mar 26;394(1):184-8
references.pmid: 20188071
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Nov;1779(11):697-701
references.pmid: 18655850
references.citation: Physiol Genomics. 2010 Aug;42(3):420-6
references.pmid: 20484156
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Jan 14;120(1):15-20
references.pmid: 15652477
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Jul 11;2(7):e610
references.pmid: 17622355
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 8;347(6):417-29
references.pmid: 12167685
references.citation: Dig Dis. 2009;27(4):428-42
references.pmid: 19897957
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jul 29;105(30):10513-8
references.pmid: 18663219
references.citation: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Jan;17(1):221-31
references.pmid: 20848542
references.citation: Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2009 Sep-Oct;6(5):281-95
references.pmid: 19996134
references.citation: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Oct;16(10):1729-38
references.pmid: 20848482
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2008 Nov;135(5):1624-1635.e24
references.pmid: 18835392
references.citation: Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009 Aug;2(4):402-8
references.pmid: 20031613
references.citation: FEBS J. 2010 May;277(9):2015-21
references.pmid: 20412055
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2010 Jul 1;127(1):118-26
references.pmid: 19876917
references.citation: Gynecol Oncol. 2009 Jan;112(1):55-9
references.pmid: 18954897
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Apr;1805(2):209-17
references.pmid: 19931352
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2008 May;58(5):1284-92
references.pmid: 18438844
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan;1183:183-94
references.pmid: 20146715
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:573-621
references.pmid: 20192811
references.citation: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007 Jul;13(7):807-21
references.pmid: 17262812
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2007;361:311-26
references.pmid: 17172720
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 1;28(10):1721-6
references.pmid: 20194856
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Oct;81(4):829-34
references.pmid: 17847008
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 15;103(33):12481-6
references.pmid: 16885212
references.citation: Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Mar 1;10(5):445-56
references.pmid: 11181568
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Apr;58(4):1001-9
references.pmid: 18383392
references.citation: PLoS Med. 2005 Aug;2(8):e199
references.pmid: 16107186
references.citation: Dig Dis. 2009;27(4):455-64
references.pmid: 19897960