title: Why Psychiatrists are Reluctant to Diagnose: Borderline Personality Disorder.
abstract: Clinicians can be reluctant to make a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). One reason is that BPD is a complex syndrome with symptoms that overlap many Axis I disorders. This paper will examine interfaces between BPD and depression, between BPD and bipolar disorder, and between BPD and psychoses. It will suggest that making a BPD diagnosis does more justice to patients than avoiding it.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Paris is a Professor of Psychiatry, McGill University, Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paris
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Aug;148(8):967-75
references.pmid: 1823531
references.citation: Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;47(2):125-34
references.pmid: 11926074
references.citation: Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2004 May-Jun;12(3):140-5
references.pmid: 15371068
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Feb;152(2):239-47
references.pmid: 7840358
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2001 Nov-Dec;35(6):307-12
references.pmid: 11684137
references.citation: Psychopathology. 2005 Jul-Aug;38(4):206-10
references.pmid: 16145276
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Jul 31-Aug 6;364(9432):453-61
references.pmid: 15288745
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 2007 Mar-Apr;48(2):145-54
references.pmid: 17292705
references.citation: J Pers Disord. 2003 Dec;17(6):479-88
references.pmid: 14744074
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1988 Jul;153:44-9
references.pmid: 3224249
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 1996 Jun;47(6):638-41
references.pmid: 8726493
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;155(12):1733-9
references.pmid: 9842784
references.citation: Can J Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;50(8):435-41
references.pmid: 16127960
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;161(3):437-43
references.pmid: 14992968
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1979 Jan;36(1):17-24
references.pmid: 760694
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;147(2):161-7
references.pmid: 2301653
references.citation: J Pers Disord. 2007 Oct;21(5):457-73
references.pmid: 17953501
references.citation: Can J Psychiatry. 1998 Mar;43(2):148-53
references.pmid: 9533967
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1990 Jan;147(1):57-63
references.pmid: 2293789
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Apr 15;53(8):649-59
references.pmid: 12706951
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Oct;156(10):1570-4
references.pmid: 10518168
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 1985 Feb;46(2):41-8
references.pmid: 3968045
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1962 Aug;119:106-15
references.pmid: 13907898
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1978 Jul;135(7):792-6
references.pmid: 665789
references.citation: Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2003 Jan-Feb;11(1):8-19
references.pmid: 12866737