Coordinated increased expression of Cyclooxygenase2 and nuclear factor κB is a steady feature of urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
OBJECTIVE
The inescapable relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has long been established. Our objective was to investigate COX-2 and NF-κB immunohistochemical expression in a large series of normal epithelium and bladder carcinomas.


METHODS
Immunohistochemical methodology was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from urinary bladder carcinomas of 140 patients (94 males and 46 females with bladder carcinomas).


RESULTS
COX-2 expression is increased in the cytoplasm of bladder cells, during loss of cell differentiation (r(s) = 0.61, P-value < .001) and in muscle invasive carcinomas (P-value < .001). A strong positive association between tumor grade and nuclear expression of NFκB has been established. A positive correlation between COX-2 and nuclear NFκB immunoreactivity was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
The possible coordinated upregulation of NFκB and COX-2, during bladder carcinogenesis, indicates that agents inhibitors of these two molecules may represent a possible new treatment strategy, by virtue of their role in bladder carcinogenesis.
Kontos
Stylianos
S
Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece, Department of Urology, General Hospital of Nikaia, 18543 Peiraeus, Greece. kontostylianos@gmail.com
Sotiropoulou-Bonikou
Georgia
G
Kominea
Athina
A
Melachrinou
Maria
M
Balampani
Eleni
E
Bonikos
Dionysis
D
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