Limited effect of dietary saturated fat on plasma saturated fat in the context of a low carbohydrate diet.
We recently showed that a hypocaloric carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD) had two striking effects: (1) a reduction in plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) despite higher intake than a low fat diet, and (2) a decrease in inflammation despite a significant increase in arachidonic acid (ARA). Here we extend these findings in 8 weight stable men who were fed two 6-week CRD (12%en carbohydrate) varying in quality of fat. One CRD emphasized SFA (CRD-SFA, 86 g/d SFA) and the other, unsaturated fat (CRD-UFA, 47 g SFA/d). All foods were provided to subjects. Both CRD decreased serum triacylglycerol (TAG) and insulin, and increased LDL-C particle size. The CRD-UFA significantly decreased plasma TAG SFA (27.48 ± 2.89 mol%) compared to baseline (31.06 ± 4.26 mol%). Plasma TAG SFA, however, remained unchanged in the CRD-SFA (33.14 ± 3.49 mol%) despite a doubling in SFA intake. Both CRD significantly reduced plasma palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) indicating decreased de novo lipogenesis. CRD-SFA significantly increased plasma phospholipid ARA content, while CRD-UFA significantly increased EPA and DHA. Urine 8-iso PGF(2α), a free radical-catalyzed product of ARA, was significantly lower than baseline following CRD-UFA (-32%). There was a significant inverse correlation between changes in urine 8-iso PGF(2α) and PL ARA on both CRD (r = -0.82 CRD-SFA; r = -0.62 CRD-UFA). These findings are consistent with the concept that dietary saturated fat is efficiently metabolized in the presence of low carbohydrate, and that a CRD results in better preservation of plasma ARA.
Forsythe
Cassandra E
CE
Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Unit 1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
Phinney
Stephen D
SD
Feinman
Richard D
RD
Volk
Brittanie M
BM
Freidenreich
Daniel
D
Quann
Erin
E
Ballard
Kevin
K
Puglisi
Michael J
MJ
Maresh
Carl M
CM
Kraemer
William J
WJ
Bibus
Douglas M
DM
Fernandez
Maria Luz
ML
Volek
Jeff S
JS
D000328:Adult; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid
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