title: Respiratory tract allergic disease and atopy: experimental evidence for a fungal infectious etiology.
abstract: Allergic asthma is an obstructive lung disease linked to environmental exposures that elicit allergic airway inflammation and characteristic antigen-specific immunoglobulin reactions termed atopy. Analyses of asthma pathogenesis using experimental models have shown that T helper cells, especially T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 cytokines such as interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13, are critical mediators of airway obstruction following allergen challenge, but the environmental initiators of lung Th2 responses are less defined. Our studies demonstrate that fungal-derived proteinases that are commonly found in home environments are requisite immune adjuvants capable of eliciting robust Th2 responses and allergic lung disease in mice. We have further shown that common household fungi readily infect the mouse respiratory tract and induce both asthma-like disease and atopy to otherwise innocuous bystander antigens through the secretion of proteinases. These findings support the possibility that asthma and atopy represent a reaction to respiratory tract fungal infection, suggesting novel means for diagnosis and therapy of diverse allergic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Sumanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polikepahad
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: J Morgan
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wendy M-T
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Valentine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ongeri
authors.forename: Tianshu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seryshev
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Delclos
authors.forename: Farrah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kheradmand
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Corry
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
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