title: Grass pollen, aeroallergens, and clinical symptoms in Ciudad Real, Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In allergic individuals, onset of symptoms is related to atmospheric pollen grain counts and aeroallergen concentrations. However, this relationship is not always clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the correlation between grass pollen grain and aeroallergen concentrations in Ciudad Real, Spain, during the year 2004 and establish their association with symptoms in patients with allergic asthma, rhinitis, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different samplers were used to assess allergen exposure: a Burkard spore trap to collect pollen grains and a high-volume air sampler to collect airborne particles. Individual filters were extracted daily in phosphate-buffered serum and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on serum containing high titers of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E to grasses. The study population comprised 27 grass-allergic patients whose symptoms and medication were recorded daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grass pollens were detected between April 28 and July 18. There was a positive correlation between pollen grain counts and symptoms (r = 0.62; P > .001). Grass aeroallergens were detected not only during the grass pollination period, but also before and after this period. There was also a very significant correlation between aeroallergen levels and symptoms (r = 0.76; P < .0001). The threshold level for grass pollen was 35 grains/m3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grass-related allergenic activity is present throughout the year, demonstrating the existence of aeroallergens outside the pollen season. Symptoms in allergic patients may be related to airborne particle concentrations. This fact should be taken into account in the clinical follow-up and management of allergic patients.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Section, General Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain. feobrito@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feo Brito
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mur Gimeno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carnés
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Caldas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D052638:Particulate Matter