title: European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that persists into adulthood in the majority of cases. The evidence on persistence poses several difficulties for adult psychiatry considering the lack of expertise for diagnostic assessment, limited treatment options and patient facilities across Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  The European Network Adult ADHD, founded in 2003, aims to increase awareness of this disorder and improve knowledge and patient care for adults with ADHD across Europe. This Consensus Statement is one of the actions taken by the European Network Adult ADHD in order to support the clinician with research evidence and clinical experience from 18 European countries in which ADHD in adults is recognised and treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Besides information on the genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed in this statement: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How can ADHD in adults be properly diagnosed? (3) How should ADHD in adults be effectively treated?
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADHD often presents as an impairing lifelong condition in adults, yet it is currently underdiagnosed and treated in many European countries, leading to ineffective treatment and higher costs of illness. Expertise in diagnostic assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults must increase in psychiatry. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available and appropriate treatments exist, although more research is needed in this age group.
authors.affiliation: PsyQ, psycho medische programma's, Department Adult ADHD, Carel Reinierszkade 197, Den Haag, The Netherlands. s.kooij@psyq.nl
authors.forename: Sandra J J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kooij
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bejerot
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Herve
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Caci
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casas-Brugué
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edvinsson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fayyad
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foeken
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaillac
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lensing
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niederhofer
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nunes-Filipe
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ohlmeier
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallanti
authors.forename: Artemios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pehlivanidis
authors.forename: Josep A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Quiroga
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rastam
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryffel-Rawak
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stes
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D032921:Consensus; D018450:Disease Progression; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants
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