title: Morphologic and developmental disturbances of permanent teeth following trauma to primary dentition in a selected group of Maltese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of trauma to primary teeth, related by age at the time of injury and type of injury sustained, to the frequency and type of developmental disturbances in the permanent successor teeth in a representative population of Maltese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two children with 67 traumatized primary teeth were examined and any developmental disturbances of the corresponding permanent teeth recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 52.2% of the permanent teeth exhibited developmental disturbances following trauma to their primary predecessors. The highest frequency of malformations was found following subluxation injuries. Intrusion injuries were associated with the most severe malformations. Age at the time of trauma to the primary dentition was a principal factor in the risk and severity of malformations developing in the permanent successors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of malformation of the developing tooth germ was highly related to its developmental stage and to the severity and type of trauma sustained by the primary incisor.
authors.affiliation: Dental Department, Mater Del Hospital, Malta. ericascerri@onvol.net
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scerri
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gatt
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mupparapu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D008319:Malta; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000150:complications; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000002:abnormalities; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000502:physiology; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000293:injuries*