Authorship characteristics in prosthodontic literature: proliferation and internationalization. A review and analysis following a 10-year observation.
BACKGROUND
Author characteristics and the extent of dental literature authorship globalization have not been widely investigated, especially in prosthodontics.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine trends in authorship characteristics in prosthodontics.


METHODS
Articles published in The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (JPD), International Journal of Prosthodontics (IJP), and Journal of Prosthodontics (JP) in 1998, 2003, and 2008 were reviewed. Abstracts, letters to the editor, and book reviews were not included in the investigation. The authors' educational degrees had to be listed in the publications for the articles to be included. For each article, number of authors, degrees of all authors, academic ranks of first and last authors, and geographic origin were recorded. Descriptive and analytic analyses (alpha=.05), including a generalized linear model, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, or chi-square tests, were used as appropriate.


RESULTS
A total of 998 articles met the inclusion criteria from the 3 selected journals for the years studied. Across all 3 journals, the mean number of authors per article increased significantly from 2.9 in 1998 to 3.6 in 2008 (Kruskal-Wallis, P<.001). The mean number of authors per article increased steadily on all continents, except for Africa and Oceania. A steady increase of authors with higher degrees was observed. There was a significant increase in the proportion of senior-ranking faculty as last author over time (chi-square=5.57, df=1, P=.018). The contributions from Asia and South America increased over time.


CONCLUSIONS
The number of authors per article, the number of authors with higher educational degrees, and the percentage of senior-ranking faculty as last author steadily increased in the prosthodontic literature from 1998 to 2008. The trend of globalization of authorship was evident in the prosthodontic literature.
Yuan
Judy Chia-Chun
JC
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7211, USA.
Lee
Damian J
DJ
Knoernschild
Kent L
KL
Campbell
Stephen D
SD
Sukotjo
Cortino
C
D001319:Authorship; D015706:Bibliometrics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004522:Educational Status; D005179:Faculty, Dental; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D016014:Linear Models; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011476:Prosthodontics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric