title: Tram-related trauma in Melbourne, Victoria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the incidence and pattern of injuries in patients presenting to hospital with tram-related injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on tram-related injury pertaining to 2001-2008 calendar years were extracted from three datasets: the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry for major trauma cases, the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset for ED presentations and the National Coroners' Information System for deaths. Incidence rates adjusted for the population of Melbourne, and trends in the incidence of tram-related ED presentations and major trauma cases, were analysed and presented as incidence rate ratios (IRR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1769 patients who presented to ED after trauma related to trams in Melbourne during the study period. Of these, 107 patients had injuries classified as major trauma. There was a significant increase in the rate of ED presentations (IRR 1.03, P = 0.010) with falls (46%) the most commonly reported mechanism. Most falls occurred inside the trams. There was also a significant increase in the incidence rates of major trauma cases (IRR 1.12, P = 0.006) with pedestrians accounting for most major trauma cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most cases of trauma related to trams have minor injuries and are discharged following ED management. Primary prevention of falls in trams and the separation of pedestrians from trams are key areas requiring immediate improvement. In the face of increasing trauma associated with trams, continuing safety surveillance and targeted public safety messages are important to sustain trams as safe and effective mode of transport.
authors.affiliation: Emergency & Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. b.mitra@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: Biswadev
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Jubair
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al Jubair
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Belinda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gabbe
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011890:Railroads / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult