A C-type lectin collaborates with a CD45 phosphatase homolog to facilitate West Nile virus infection of mosquitoes.
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common arthropod-borne flavivirus in the United States; however, the vector ligand(s) that participate in infection are not known. We now show that an Aedes aegypti C-type lectin, mosGCTL-1, is induced by WNV, interacts with WNV in a calcium-dependent manner, and facilitates infection in vivo and in vitro. A mosquito homolog of human CD45 in A. aegypti, designated mosPTP-1, recruits mosGCTL-1 to enable viral attachment to cells and to enhance viral entry. In vivo experiments show that mosGCTL-1 and mosPTP-1 function as part of the same pathway and are critical for WNV infection of mosquitoes. A similar phenomenon was also observed in Culex quinquefasciatus, a natural vector of WNV, further demonstrating that these genes participate in WNV infection. During the mosquito blood-feeding process, WNV infection was blocked in vivo with mosGCTL-1 antibodies. A molecular understanding of flaviviral-arthropod interactions may lead to strategies to control viral dissemination in nature.
Cheng
Gong
G
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Cox
Jonathan
J
Wang
Penghua
P
Krishnan
Manoj N
MN
Dai
Jianfeng
J
Qian
Feng
F
Anderson
John F
JF
Fikrig
Erol
E
D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000502:physiology*
D019476:Insect Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C516769:PTPRC protein, human
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