title: Height loss and future coronary heart disease in London: the Whitehall II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several plausible biological mechanisms have been advanced for the association between greater physical stature and lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in prospective cohort studies, the importance of one of the principal artefactual explanations--reverse causality due to shrinkage--remains unresolved. To explore this issue, studies with repeat measurements of height are required, but, to date, such data have been lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possible relationship between height loss and future CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analysed from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study of 3802 men and 1615 women who participated in a physical examination in 1985-8, had their height re-measured in 1997-9, and were then followed up for fatal and non-fatal CHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean follow-up of 7.4 years after the second height measurement gave rise to 69 CHD events in men and 18 in women. After adjustment for baseline CHD risk factors, greater loss of physical stature between survey and resurvey was associated with an increased risk of CHD in men (HR; 95% CI for a one SD increase: 1.24; 1.00 to 1.53) but not women (0.93; 0.58 to 1.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reverse causality due to shrinkage may contribute to the inverse association between a single measurement of height and later CHD in other studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK. david.batty@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunnell
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davey Smith
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ferrie
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marmot
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001827:Body Height; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
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