title: Association of blood lactate with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating evidence implicates insufficient oxidative capacity in the development of type 2 diabetes. This notion has not been well tested in large, population-based studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this hypothesis, we assessed the cross-sectional association of plasma lactate, an indicator of the gap between oxidative capacity and energy expenditure, with type 2 diabetes in 1709 older adults not taking metformin, who were participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rose across lactate quartiles (11, 14, 20 and 30%; P for trend <0.0001). Following adjustment for demographic factors, physical activity, body mass index and waist circumference, the relative odds of type 2 diabetes across lactate quartiles were 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-1.64], 1.64 (95% CI 1.03-2.64) and 2.23 (95% CI 1.38-3.59), respectively. Furthermore, lactate was associated with higher fasting glucose among non-diabetic adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma lactate was strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in older adults. Plasma lactate deserves greater attention in studies of oxidative capacity and diabetes risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Ron C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hoogeveen
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Brancati
authors.forename: Brad C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Jeffery Hunter
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
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