Gene expression profiles of cytosolic heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 from symbiotic dinoflagellates in response to thermal stress: possible implications for coral bleaching.
Unicellular photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium are the most common endosymbionts of reef-building scleractinian corals, living in a symbiotic partnership known to be highly susceptible to environmental changes such as hyperthermic stress. In this study, we identified members of two major heat shock proteins (HSPs) families, Hsp70 and Hsp90, in Symbiodinium sp. (clade C) with full-length sequences that showed the highest similarity and evolutionary relationship with other known HSPs from dinoflagellate protists. Regulation of HSPs gene expression was examined in samples of the scleractinian coral Acropora millepora subjected to elevated temperatures progressively over 18 h (fast) and 120 h (gradual thermal stress). Moderate to severe heat stress at 26°C and 29°C (+3°C and +6°C above average sea temperature) resulted in an increase in algal Hsp70 gene expression from 39% to 57%, while extreme heat stress (+9°C) reduced Hsp70 transcript abundance by 60% (after 18 h) and 70% (after 120 h). Elevated temperatures decreased an Hsp90 expression under both rapid and gradual heat stress scenarios. Comparable Hsp70 and Hsp90 gene expression patterns were observed in Symbiodinium cultures and in hospite, indicating their independent regulation from the host. Differential gene expression profiles observed for Hsp70 and Hsp90 suggests diverse roles of these molecular chaperones during heat stress response. Reduced expression of the Hsp90 gene under heat stress can indicate a reduced role in inhibiting the heat shock transcription factor which may lead to activation of heat-inducible genes and heat acclimation.
Rosic
Nedeljka N
NN
Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia. n.rosic@uq.edu.au
Pernice
Mathieu
M
Dove
Sophie
S
Dunn
Simon
S
Hoegh-Guldberg
Ove
O
D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013559:Symbiosis; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2000 Nov;2(6):533-44
14961177
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2006 Jan;38(1):20-30
15978847
J Evol Biol. 2005 Jul;18(4):744-9
16033544
Biol Chem. 1998 Mar;379(3):245-59
9563819
BMC Genomics. 2006 Jun 17;7:156
16780600
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;5(10):781-91
15459659
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):585-92
16884692
Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 2008 May-Jun;44(3):343-6
18663961
Mol Ecol. 2009 Dec;18(24):5101-14
19900172
J Biosci. 2007 Apr;32(3):595-610
17536179
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2011 Jun;13(3):355-65
20668900
J Exp Biol. 2010 Apr;213(Pt 7):1026-34
20228338
BMC Genomics. 2009 Dec 23;10:627
20030803
Genome Biol. 2002 Jun 18;3(7):RESEARCH0034
12184808
Mol Biol Evol. 1995 Nov;12(6):1063-73
8524040
J Exp Biol. 2008 Oct;211(Pt 19):3059-66
18805804
Gene. 2007 Jul 1;396(1):84-92
17433575
Curr Genomics. 2008;9(5):338-248
19471609
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 26;105(8):2969-74
18287064
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 3;106(9):3237-42
19202067
Can J Microbiol. 1962 Apr;8:229-39
13902807
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2002 Jan-Feb;49(1):30-7
11908896
Cell Stress Chaperones. 2001 Jul;6(3):201-8
11599561
Cell Stress Chaperones. 2009 Nov;14(6):649-60
19404777
PLoS One. 2009 Jul 24;4(7):e6364
19629182
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10302-5
11607337
Curr Protoc Immunol. 2004 Feb;Appendix 1:Appendix 1T
18432918
Biochem J. 2008 Mar 15;410(3):439-53
18290764
Mar Genomics. 2009 Mar;2(1):11-8
21798167
Nature. 1998 Nov 26;396(6709):336-42
9845070
Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):322-5
20647466
Dev Genes Evol. 2007 Aug;217(8):603-12
17647016
Plant Signal Behav. 2008 Sep;3(9):660-2
19704818
Cell Stress Chaperones. 2010 Jan;15(1):83-93
19496024
Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1737-42
18079392
PLoS One. 2010 Mar 18;5(3):e9751
20305781
Mol Ecol. 2006 Nov;15(13):3863-83
17054489
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4392-7
10760305
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Sep-Oct;42(5):355-72
17917872
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 18;105(11):4203-8
18322010
Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Aug;79(2):129-68
9749880
J Cell Biol. 2001 Jul 23;154(2):267-73
11470816
Mol Ecol. 2010 Mar;19(6):1174-86
20149089
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 May;76(9):2823-9
20228102
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2003 Oct;14(5):267-74
14986856
J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17275-80
2507541
Cell. 1998 Aug 21;94(4):471-80
9727490
Protist. 2005 Jun;156(1):19-34
16048130
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2008 Apr;24(4):379-85
18282767
J Exp Bot. 2008;59(5):1069-80
18267943
Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Jul;18(7):1272-82
11420366
Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):557-9
11964485
J Exp Biol. 2004 Jan;207(Pt 1):15-9
14638828
J Exp Biol. 2005 Jan;208(Pt 2):277-85
15634847
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 27;104(13):5259-60
17374718
J Exp Biol. 2008 Apr;211(Pt 7):1050-6
18344478
Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80
7984417
Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;15(6):839-52
17201776
Annu Rev Physiol. 1999;61:243-82
10099689
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Aug 17;1132(1):26-34
1511010