title: Differences in gamma frequencies across visual cortex restrict their possible use in computation.
abstract: Neuronal oscillations in the gamma band (30-80 Hz) have been suggested to play a central role in feature binding or establishing channels for neural communication. For these functions, the gamma rhythm frequency must be consistent across neural assemblies encoding the features of a stimulus. Here we test the dependence of gamma frequency on stimulus contrast in V1 cortex of awake behaving macaques and show that gamma frequency increases monotonically with contrast. Changes in stimulus contrast over time leads to a reliable gamma frequency modulation on a fast timescale. Further, large stimuli whose contrast varies across space generate gamma rhythms at significantly different frequencies in simultaneously recorded neuronal assemblies separated by as little as 400 microm, making the gamma rhythm a poor candidate for binding or communication, at least in V1. Instead, our results suggest that the gamma rhythm arises from local interactions between excitation and inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. supratim_ray@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Supratim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: John H R
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maunsell
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019277:Entropy; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness
references.citation: Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):111-3
references.pmid: 15802603
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Oct;9(10):474-80
references.pmid: 16150631
references.citation: Nature. 1995 Feb 16;373(6515):612-5
references.pmid: 7854418
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2002 Aug;5(8):805-11
references.pmid: 12134152
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Jan;8(1):45-56
references.pmid: 17180162
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Apr;17(2):154-60
references.pmid: 17306527
references.citation: Biophys J. 1999 Feb;76(2):691-708
references.pmid: 9929474
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2004 Sep;7(9):982-91
references.pmid: 15322549
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2010 Feb;13(2):205-12
references.pmid: 20023655
references.citation: J Physiol. 1996 Jun 1;493 ( Pt 2):471-84
references.pmid: 8782110
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Aug 15;35(4):773-82
references.pmid: 12194875
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2010 Jul;20(7):1556-73
references.pmid: 19812238
references.citation: Front Integr Neurosci. 2009 Jul 30;3:17
references.pmid: 19668703
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1995 Aug;5(4):504-10
references.pmid: 7488853
references.citation: J Vis. 2008 Nov 11;8(7):30.1-16
references.pmid: 19146262
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Sep 16;29(37):11540-9
references.pmid: 19759301
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jul;90(1):415-30
references.pmid: 12611969
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2005 Jul;94(1):479-90
references.pmid: 15703230
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Sep;24(1):49-65, 111-25
references.pmid: 10677026
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Nov 12;23(32):10388-401
references.pmid: 14614098
references.citation: J Comput Neurosci. 2010 Dec;29(3):495-507
references.pmid: 19862612
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2000 Nov;10(11):1105-16
references.pmid: 11053231
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Aug;28(3):447-59
references.pmid: 18702717
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Jul 16;28(29):7334-43
references.pmid: 18632937
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Jan 11;26(2):448-57
references.pmid: 16407542
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Dec 10;64(5):692-706
references.pmid: 20005825
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 May 28;62(4):566-77
references.pmid: 19477157
references.citation: Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1609-12
references.pmid: 17569862
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Nov 26;396(6709):362-6
references.pmid: 9845071
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 May 1;17(9):3239-53
references.pmid: 9096157
references.citation: Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1560-3
references.pmid: 11222864
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 2007 Jul;30(7):309-16
references.pmid: 17555828
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2009;32:209-24
references.pmid: 19400723
references.citation: Neural Comput. 2001 Apr;13(4):717-49
references.pmid: 11255566
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):663-7
references.pmid: 19396156
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 5;28(45):11526-36
references.pmid: 18987189
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2000 Nov;10(11):1117-31
references.pmid: 11053232
references.citation: Vis Neurosci. 1992 Aug;9(2):181-97
references.pmid: 1504027
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Jan 15;61(1):35-41
references.pmid: 19146811
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Sep 24;63(6):727-32
references.pmid: 19778503
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Apr 21;46(2):333-46
references.pmid: 15848810
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Dec 3;28(49):13320-30
references.pmid: 19052224
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):698-702
references.pmid: 19396159
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):366-70
references.pmid: 12540900
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Mar 17;30(11):4033-47
references.pmid: 20237274