title: Mandibular bone density and calcium content affected by different kind of stress in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress is considered to affect many body and mental functions. This leads to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the adrenomedullary sympathetic system resulting to increased glucocorticoid release. Corticosteroids are known to cause systemic bone loss. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of different kinds of stress on the mandible bone mass of Wistar mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  75 male Wistar mice were divided into three groups (n=25 each). The animals of group C were submitted to stress by electroshock with 22-45 volts for a duration of 4 seconds each minute for one hour each day. Group B was submitted to isolation stress and group A was the control group. The duration of the experiment was 137 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adrenals weight was increased (group C vs group A, p<0.001; group B vs group A p<0.05), while urine hydroxyproline was reduced under stress. The calcium content of the mandible and the ratio between calcium content and mandible volume was decreased (p<0.05 for both groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandibular bone mass was affected by different kinds of stress and may represent a considerable parameter for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bone mass deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seferos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsiou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petsaros
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rallis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tesseromatis
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006909:Hydroxyproline; D002118:Calcium; D006854:Hydrocortisone