Determinants of infant growth: Evidence from Hong Kong's "Children of 1997" birth cohort.
OBJECTIVE
A high rate of infant growth may be associated with adult cardiovascular disease. We investigated factors associated with infant weight growth in a large sample from the recently transitioned population of Hong Kong.


METHODS
We used a nonlinear shape invariant model with random effects among 5949 term, singletons (77% follow-up) from a population-representative Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort "Children of 1997" to investigate factors associated with weight growth in the first year of life.


RESULTS
Overall birth weight was lower but infant growth was more rapid than the 2006 WHO standards. Shorter gestation and lower birth order were associated with lower birth weight and faster infant growth. Female sex, maternal smoking in pregnancy, and a mother born in Hong Kong were associated with lower birth weight, but not with faster growth. Higher maternal education was associated with faster infant growth, grades 10-11 (1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.05), greater than or equal to grade12 (1.07, CI = 1.04-1.09) compared with less than or equal to grade 9.


CONCLUSIONS
Infant growth may respond more rapidly to socio-economic development than birth weight. Whether mother's education is associated with rapid infant growth via current conditions or her own "constitution" is unclear, nevertheless we believe this study illustrates the importance of contextually specific research for understanding the determinants of population health.
Hui
L L
LL
Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Leung
Gabriel M
GM
Cowling
Benjamin J
BJ
Lam
T H
TH
Schooling
C Mary
CM
D000293:Adolescent; D001724:Birth Weight; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012016:Reference Values; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires