title: Relationship between body mass index and proteinuria in hypertensive nephrosclerosis: results from the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the association between obesity and markers of kidney injury in a chronic kidney disease population. We hypothesized that obesity is independently associated with proteinuria, a marker of chronic kidney disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post hoc analysis of baseline data for 652 participants in the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK).
  
  
  METHODS
  Obesity, determined using body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine total protein-creatinine ratio and albumin-creatinine ratio measured in 24-hour urine collections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AASK participants had a mean age of 60.2 ± 10.2 years and serum creatinine level of 2.3 ± 1.5 mg/dL; 61.3% were men. Mean BMI was 31.4 ± 7.0 kg/m(2). Approximately 70% of participants had a daily urine total protein excretion rate <300 mg/d. In linear regression analyses adjusted for sex, each 2-kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with a 6.7% (95% CI, 3.2-10.4) and 9.4% (95% CI, 4.9-14.1) increase in urine total protein-creatinine and urine albumin-creatinine ratios, respectively. In multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose level, uric acid level, and creatinine level, each 2-kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with a 3.5% (95% CI, 0.4-6.7) and 5.6% (95% CI, 1.5-9.9) increase in proteinuria and albuminuria, respectively. The interaction between older age and BMI was statistically significant, indicating that this relationship was driven by younger AASK participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  May not generalize to other populations; cross-sectional analysis precludes statements regarding causality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI is associated independently with urine total protein and albumin excretion in African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis, particularly in younger patients.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA. robert.toto@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hiremath
authors.forename: Janice P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lea
authors.forename: Julia B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Velvie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pogue
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sika
authors.forename: Xuelei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000652:urine; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009400:Nephrosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000652:urine; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000652:urine; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
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