title: Five-year outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure with response prevention for bulimia nervosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data exist examining the longer-term outcome of bulimia nervosa (BN) following treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure with response prevention (ERP).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-five women with purging BN received eight sessions of individual CBT and were then randomly assigned to either relaxation training (RELAX) or one of two ERP treatments, pre-binge (B-ERP) or pre-purge cues (P-ERP). Participants were assessed yearly following treatment and follow-up data were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one per cent of the total sample attended long-term follow-up. At 5 years, abstinence rates from binging were significantly higher for the two exposure treatments (43% and 54%) than for relaxation (27%), with no difference between the two forms of exposure. Over 5 years, the frequency of purging was lower for the exposure treatments than for relaxation training. Rates of recovery varied according to definition of recovery. Recovery continued to increase to 5 years. At 5 years, 83% no longer met DSM-III-R criteria for BN, 65% received no eating disorder diagnosis, but only 36% had been abstinent from bulimic behaviors for the past year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides possible evidence of a conditioned inoculation from exposure treatment compared with relaxation training in long-term abstinence from binge eating at 5 years, and the frequency of purging over 5 years, but not for other features of BN. Differences among the groups were not found prior to 5 years. CBT is effective for BN, yet a substantial group remains unwell in the long term. Definition of recovery impacts markedly on recovery rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, 4 Oxford Terrace, Christchurch, New Zealand. virginia.mcintosh@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: V V W
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
authors.forename: C M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D014481:United States