title: Ca(2+) and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels that support and modulate transmitter release at the olivocochlear efferent-inner hair cell synapse.
abstract: In the mammalian auditory system, the synapse between efferent olivocochlear (OC) neurons and sensory cochlear hair cells is cholinergic, fast, and inhibitory. This efferent synapse is mediated by the nicotinic alpha9alpha10 receptor coupled to the activation of SK2 Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels that hyperpolarize the cell. So far, the ion channels that support and/or modulate neurotransmitter release from the OC terminals remain unknown. To identify these channels, we used an isolated mouse cochlear preparation and monitored transmitter release from the efferent synaptic terminals in inner hair cells (IHCs) voltage clamped in the whole-cell recording configuration. Acetylcholine (ACh) release was evoked by electrically stimulating the efferent fibers that make axosomatic contacts with IHCs before the onset of hearing. Using the specific antagonists for P/Q- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), omega-agatoxin IVA and omega-conotoxin GVIA, respectively, we show that Ca(2+) entering through both types of VGCCs support the release process at this synapse. Interestingly, we found that Ca(2+) entering through the dihydropiridine-sensitive L-type VGCCs exerts a negative control on transmitter release. Moreover, using immunostaining techniques combined with electrophysiology and pharmacology, we show that BK Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels are transiently expressed at the OC efferent terminals contacting IHCs and that their activity modulates the release process at this synapse. The effects of dihydropiridines combined with iberiotoxin, a specific BK channel antagonist, strongly suggest that L-type VGCCs negatively regulate the release of ACh by fueling BK channels that are known to curtail the duration of the terminal action potential in several types of neurons.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zorrilla de San Martín
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pyott
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ballestero
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006199:Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner / Q000166:cytology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000166:cytology; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000166:cytology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010455:Peptides; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; C064719:iberiotoxin; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium
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