title: Comparative analysis of substance use in ballet, dance sport, and synchronized swimming: results of a longitudinal study.
abstract: There have been few studies comparing substance use and misuse (SU&M) in different performing arts forms. Herein, we identified and compared SU&M in women studying an art (ballet, n = 21), a non-Olympic sport (dance sport, n = 25), and an Olympic sport (synchronized swimming, n = 23). The sample of variables comprised general, educational, and sport factors, as well as SU&M data, including consumption of opiates, cigarettes, alcohol, nutritional supplements, doping behaviors, and beliefs. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found no significant differences between study groups in potential doping behaviors. Most of the examinees reported that they did not rely on physicians' and/or coaches' opinions regarding doping. Only sport dancers recognized their consumption of cannabis as a violation of anti-doping rules. Those more convinced that doping habits are present in their sport (or art) have a certain tendency toward doping usage. In conclusion, a strong anti-doping campaign within the studied arts is suggested, focusing on the health-related problems of SU&M.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia. natasazenic@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zenic
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peric
authors.forename: Nada Grcic
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Zubcevic
authors.forename: Zdenko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ostojic
authors.forename: Ljerka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ostojic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003615:Dancing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*