title: Clinical practice. Calcium kidney stones.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. eworcest@bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Worcester
authors.forename: Fredric L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Coe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D049971:Thiazides / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D049971:Thiazides; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D000493:Allopurinol; C020243:calcium phosphate; D002118:Calcium
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Oct;16(10):1893-8
references.pmid: 11585355
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Jan;292(1):F66-75
references.pmid: 17210796
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):565-70
references.pmid: 20042524
references.citation: J Urol. 1997 Dec;158(6):2069-73
references.pmid: 9366314
references.citation: BJU Int. 2009 May;103(9):1238-46
references.pmid: 19021617
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):777-85
references.pmid: 15253733
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2290-8
references.pmid: 11380833
references.citation: Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2007 Oct;290(10):1315-23
references.pmid: 17724713
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2009 Jun;75(12):1264-1271
references.pmid: 19225556
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2005 Oct;115(10):2598-608
references.pmid: 16200192
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1974 Dec 19;291(25):1344-50
references.pmid: 4610395
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Jan;24(1):130-6
references.pmid: 18662977
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Oct;20(10):2253-9
references.pmid: 19679672
references.citation: Scanning Microsc. 1993 Mar;7(1):381-9; discussion 389-90
references.pmid: 8316807
references.citation: Br J Urol. 1994 Apr;73(4):362-5
references.pmid: 8199822
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2005 Feb;67(2):576-91
references.pmid: 15673305
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 10;346(2):77-84
references.pmid: 11784873
references.citation: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan;16(1):65-9
references.pmid: 19095208
references.citation: Actas Urol Esp. 2006 Mar;30(3):305-9
references.pmid: 16749588
references.citation: J Urol. 2002 Apr;167(4):1607-12
references.pmid: 11912373
references.citation: J Urol. 2008 Sep;180(3):958-60; discussion 960
references.pmid: 18639270
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;22 Suppl 6:S78-86
references.pmid: 7508066
references.citation: J Urol. 2003 Jun;169(6):2026-9
references.pmid: 12771710
references.citation: Semin Nephrol. 2008 Mar;28(2):120-32
references.pmid: 18359393
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1986 Nov 27;315(22):1386-9
references.pmid: 3534570
references.citation: Acta Med Scand. 1984;215(4):383-9
references.pmid: 6375276
references.citation: Nephron. 1988;48(4):265-73
references.pmid: 3283583
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2008 Jul;74(2):223-9
references.pmid: 18449170
references.citation: JAMA. 2005 Jan 26;293(4):455-62
references.pmid: 15671430
references.citation: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2006 Jul;15(4):394-402
references.pmid: 16775454
references.citation: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;31(4):885-93, viii
references.pmid: 12474636
references.citation: J Urol. 1993 Dec;150(6):1761-4
references.pmid: 8230497
references.citation: J Urol. 1996 Mar;155(3):839-43
references.pmid: 8583588
references.citation: J Urol. 1988 Apr;139(4):679-84
references.pmid: 3280829
references.citation: BJU Int. 2009 Apr;103(7):966-71
references.pmid: 19021625
references.citation: Urol Res. 2006 Apr;34(2):102-7
references.pmid: 16416113
references.citation: J Urol. 2006 May;175(5):1711-5
references.pmid: 16600737
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 Sep 30;368(9542):1171-9
references.pmid: 17011944
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2006 Dec;291(6):F1123-31
references.pmid: 17082348
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2003 Jan;63(1):240-7
references.pmid: 12472789
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1817-23
references.pmid: 12675858
references.citation: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Sep;3(5):1453-60
references.pmid: 18650406
references.citation: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Apr;4(4):804-11
references.pmid: 19339425
references.citation: J Urol. 2001 Dec;166(6):2057-60
references.pmid: 11696706
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2005 Oct;68(4):1808-14
references.pmid: 16164658
references.citation: Urol Clin North Am. 2008 Aug;35(3):441-54, viii
references.pmid: 18761198
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jul 1;144(1):25-33
references.pmid: 8659482
references.citation: Am J Hypertens. 1998 Jan;11(1 Pt 1):46-53
references.pmid: 9504449
references.citation: Am J Med. 1982 Jan;72(1):25-32
references.pmid: 6277190