The application of the preschool Child Behavior Checklist and the caregiver-teacher report form to Mainland Chinese children: syndrome structure, gender differences, country effects, and inter-informant agreement.
Preschool children have long been a neglected population in the study of psychopathology. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), which includes the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5) and the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF), constitutes the few available measures to assess preschoolers with an empirically derived taxonomy of preschool psychopathology. However, the utility of the measures and their taxonomy of preschool psychopathology to the Chinese is largely unknown and has not been studied. The present study aimed at testing the cross-cultural factorial validity of the CBCL/1.5-5 and C-TRF, as well as the applicability of the taxonomy of preschool psychopathology they embody, to Mainland Chinese preschoolers. Country effects between our Chinese sample and the original U.S. sample, gender differences, and cross-informant agreement between teachers and parents were also to be examined. A Chinese version of the CBCL/1.5-5 and C-TRF was completed by parents and teachers respectively on 876 preschoolers in Mainland China. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the original, U.S.-derived second order, multi-factor model best fit the Chinese preschool data of the CBCL/1.5-5 and C-TRF. Rates of total behavior problems in Chinese preschoolers were largely similar to those in American preschoolers. Specifically, Chinese preschoolers scored higher on internalizing problems while American preschoolers scored higher on externalizing problems. Chinese preschool boys had significantly higher rates of externalizing problems than Chinese preschool girls. Cross-informant agreement between Chinese teachers and parents was relatively low compared to agreement in the original U.S. sample. Results support the generalizability of the taxonomic structure of preschool psychopathology derived in the U.S. to the Chinese, as well as the applicability of the Chinese version of the CBCL/1.5-5 and C-TRF.
Liu
Jianghong
J
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA. jhliu@nursing.upenn.edu
Cheng
Halina
H
Leung
Patrick W L
PW
D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D057189:Checklist; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors
Child Dev. 1993 Feb;64(1):98-109
8436040
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2007 Jul-Sep;36(3):405-17
17658984
Psychol Assess. 2003 Sep;15(3):268-79
14593827
Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2005;11(3):226-37
16161094
J Pediatr Psychol. 2007 Aug;32(7):807-18
17449465
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;48(10):967-75
17914997
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004 Dec;25(6):407-14
15613989
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;47(9):970-3
16930392
Psychol Rev. 1993 Oct;100(4):674-701
8255953
Child Dev. 2000 Sep-Oct;71(5):1121-42
11108082
Psychol Bull. 1990 Mar;107(2):238-46
2320703
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1994 Oct;22(5):531-46
7822627
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1995 Oct;23(5):619-39
8568084
Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Jun;39(3):668-74
19433517
Violence Vict. 1989 Summer;4(2):79-100
2487131
Psychol Bull. 1987 Mar;101(2):213-32
3562706
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;40(7):828-36
11437022
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2002 Aug;30(4):311-26
12108763
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Aug;24(4):417-31
8886939
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Sep;44(9):832-6
3498458
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Mar-Apr;47(3-4):313-37
16492262
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Feb;39(2):232-9
10673835
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Dec;74(6):1098-107
17154738
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1987 Nov;26(6):890-7
3429409
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Oct;75(5):729-38
17907855
Child Dev. 1995 Apr;66(2):402-15
7750373
Dev Psychopathol. 2000 Summer;12(3):443-66
11014747
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;49(3):237-50
18333929
Int J Nurs Stud. 2005 Feb;42(2):229-41
15680620