title: Radiation dose for thoracic and coronary step-and-shoot CT using a 128-slice dual-source machine in infants and small children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For coronary artery visualization, retrospective ECG-gated acquisition by dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) was superior to spiral non-ECG-gated acquisition in a paediatric population of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. However, retrospective cardiac CT is associated with substantial radiation doses to the patient. Recently, DSCT with end-systolic reconstruction was found to be robust for imaging the coronary arteries in patients with high heart rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate step-and-shoot DSCT with end-systolic reconstruction for evaluating the heart, coronary arteries and other thoracic structures in young children with CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  All neonates and children younger than 6 years of age who were referred to our institution for CHD evaluation between September and October 2009 were included in the study. ECG-gated DSCT was performed in sequential prospective mode centred on the systolic phase identified by ECG analysis. To assess the radiation dose, we recorded the dose-length product (DLP) in mGy·cm and the effective dose in mSv estimated from the DLP. Overall image quality was evaluated using a 5-grade scoring system and was assessed by looking at cardiac and vascular structures. The image quality for the proximal and middle segments of the right and left coronary arteries was also evaluated using a 5-grade scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Images of diagnostic quality (grade ≥ 3) were obtained in all 30 children with a mean image quality grade of 4.7 ± 0.6 (range, 3-5). Mean DLP was 5.7 ± 4.8 mGy*cm (range, 1-22 mGy cm) and mean effective radiation dose was 0.26 ± 0.16 mSv (range, 0.05-0.8 mSv).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prospective ECG-gated thoracic DSCT at end-systole usually provides adequate thoracic and coronary artery image quality in neonates, infants and young children with CHD, independent of heart rate. This new method is associated with lower radiation doses compared to previous literature (mean effective dose, 0.26 mSv).
authors.affiliation: Radiology-Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 133 av de la Résistance, Plessis-Robinson, 92350, France. jf.paul@ccml.fr
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rohnean
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elfassy
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sigal-Cinqualbre
mesh_terms: D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
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