title: [Vitrification and the use of high concentrations of cryoprotectants: is it a justified argument to prefer slow freezing?].
abstract: The use of high levels of cryoprotectants (CPs) in solutions applied to vitrify oocytes or embryos is an argument to still prefer slow freezing procedure. Is it a justified argument? Out of three studies using mice zygotes we may assume that (i) the intracellular concentration of CPs is far lower than the one in the vitrification solutions, (ii) the intracellular concentration of CPs in the vitrified zygote is in contrary to the common beliefs even lower than the one observed after a slow freezing procedure, (iii) survival after slow freezing reflects the presence of an intracellular vitrified state in these cells.
authors.affiliation: IVF Centers Prof. Zech, Bregenz, Autriche. pierrevdz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanderzwalmen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zech
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wirtleitner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zech
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ectors
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D058989:Vitrification
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents