title: Measuring near-induced transient myopia in college students with visual discomfort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual discomfort is a common problem, and our previous research indicated that 17% of college students experience moderate to high levels of discomfort when reading or studying. There have been several visual factors associated with visual discomfort, and in this study, we focused on measuring the near-induced transient myopia response in a group of college students with significant visual discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual discomfort was evaluated with a survey developed by Conlon et al. (Conlon et al., Visual Cogn 1999;6:637-663). Twelve college students with high visual discomfort (scoring 1 SD higher than the mean value) and 12 college students with low visual discomfort (scoring within 0.5 SD of the mean value) participated in the study. All students had 20/25 or better visual acuity, no strabismus, and no significant uncorrected refractive error. All refractive error and accommodative measurements were made with the WAM-5500 autorefractor. A pretask distance refraction at 6 m was taken for 60 s, and then the students read a story for 10 min at 20 cm. After reading the passage, the posttask distance refraction was measured for 2 min at 6 m. Values for the pre- and posttask measures were averaged in 10-s blocks of time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mixed analysis of variance comparing discomfort group by pre- and postnear work distance refraction showed a significant interaction (p = 0.05). Comparing the means of the pre- and posttask distance refraction indicated that the high discomfort group showed no change in refractive error, but the low discomfort group showed a myopic shift of 0.13 diopter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A near-induced transient myopia response is not associated with high visual discomfort experienced by college students when reading or doing near work.
authors.affiliation: Southern Californi College of Optometry, Fullerton, California 92831, USA. eborsting@scco.edu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borsting
authors.forename: Chinatsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tosha
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ridder
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009907:Optometry / Q000379:methods*; D011932:Reading; D013334:Students; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
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