title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist-induced sarcoidosis.
abstract: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is an important player in granuloma formation, and recent clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of TNF-alpha inhibitors in sarcoidosis. Paradoxically, there are several case reports in the medical literature describing the development of sarcoidosis in patients treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors. We describe 3 cases of TNF-alpha antagonist-induced sarcoidosis: 1 case of pulmonary, ocular and cutaneous sarcoidosis developing in a patient receiving infliximab for erosive rheumatoid arthritis, 1 case of etanercept-induced sarcoidosis in a patient with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, and 1 case of sarcoidosis developing in a patient receiving etanercept for erosive rheumatoid arthritis. We also provide a brief discussion on the role of TNF alpha in granuloma formation and implications in the use of TNF-alpha antagonists in autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: Ochsner Health System, Department of Rheumatology, New Orleans, LA, USA. rclementine@ochsner.org
authors.forename: Rochelle Robicheaux
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Clementine
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyman
authors.forename: Jerald
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zakem
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mallepalli
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quinet
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D001706:Biopsy; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept