title: The ruthenium complex cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium(III) chloride induces apoptosis and damages DNA in murine sarcoma 180 cells.
abstract: Ruthenium (III) complexes are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers due to their promising pharmacological properties. Recently, we reported that the cis-(dichloro)tetrammineruthenium (III) chloride compound has cytotoxic effects on murine sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells. In an effort to understand the mechanism responsible for their cytotoxicity, study we investigated the genotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis caused by cis- (dichloro) tetrammineruthenium (III) chloride in S-180 tumour cells. cis-(dichloro) tetrammineruthenium (III) chloride treatment induced significant DNA damage in S-180 cells, as detected by the alkaline comet assay. In the cell cycle analysis, cis-(dichloro) tetrammineruthenium (III) chloride caused an increase in the number of cells in G1 phase, accompanied by a decrease in the S and G2 phases after 24 h of treatment. In contrast, the cell cycle distribution of S-180 cells treated with cis-(dichloro) tetrammineruthenium (III) chloride for 48 h showed a concentration-dependent increase in the sub-G1 phase (indicating apoptosis), with a corresponding decrease in cells in the G1, S and G2 phases. In addition, cis-(dichloro) tetrammineruthenium(III) chloride treatment induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner,as observed by the increased numbers of annexin V-positive cells. Taken together, these findings strongly demonstrate that DNA damage, cell cycle changes and apoptosis may correlate with the cytotoxic effects of cis-(dichloro) tetrammineruthenium (III) chloride on S-180 cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular e Citogenetica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiania, Goias, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aliny Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Flavia de Castro
authors.initials: Fde C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vilanova-Costa
authors.forename: Alessandra de Santana Braga Barbosa
authors.initials: Ade S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Luiz Alfredo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pavanin
authors.forename: Wagner Batista
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Elisângela de Paula
authors.initials: Ede P
authors.lastname: Silveira-Lacerda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D051379:Mice; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds; D012428:Ruthenium
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