title: Actinomycin D synergistically enhances the efficacy of the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 by downregulating Mcl-1 expression.
abstract: Many types of cancer cells possess the ability to evade apoptosis, leading to their rapid and uncontrolled proliferation. As major regulators of apoptosis, Bcl-2 proteins serve as emerging targets for novel chemotherapeutic strategies. In this study, we examined the involvement of Bcl-2 proteins in apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent actinomycin D. A dramatic decrease in anti-apoptotic myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl-1) mRNA and protein expression was detected upon actinomycin D treatment. Further, Mcl-l over-expression caused resistance to cell death upon treatment with actinomycin D, implicating a role for the down-regulation of Mcl-1 in actinomycin D-induced apoptosis. We also explored the therapeutic potential of actinomycin D in combination with ABT-737, an experimental agent that inhibits anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Actinomycin D sensitized cells to ABT-737 treatment in a Bak- or Bax-dependent manner. Importantly, low concentrations of actinomycin D and ABT-737 were more effective in inducing cell death in transformed cells than their untransformed counterparts. A synergistic effect of actinomycin D and ABT-737 on cell death was observed in several human tumor cell lines. Like actinomycin D treatment, knocking down Mcl-1 expression greatly sensitized tumor cells to ABT-737, and Mcl-1 over-expression abrogated the cytotoxic effect induced by ABT-737 and actinomycin D. These results suggest that the down-regulation of Mcl-1 by actinomycin D is likely responsible for the observed synergistic effect between the two drugs. Overall, our studies provide compelling evidence that the combination of actinomycin D and ABT-737 may lead to an effective cancer treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Targets Group, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Olberding
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Shesh N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C501332:ABT-737; C494772:BAK1 protein, human; C494826:BAX protein, human; C474007:Bax protein (53-86); D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010879:Piperazines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D003609:Dactinomycin
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