title: Responses of muscle mass, strength and gene transcripts to long-term heat stress in healthy human subjects.
abstract: The present study was performed to investigate the effects of long-term heat stress on mass, strength and gene expression profile of human skeletal muscles without exercise training. Eight healthy men were subjected to 10-week application of heat stress, which was performed for the quadriceps muscles for 8 h/day and 4 days/week by using a heat- and steam-generating sheet. Maximum isometric force during knee extension of the heated leg significantly increased after heat stress (~5.8%, P < 0.05). Mean cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of vastus lateralis (VL, ~2.7%) and rectus femoris (~6.1%) muscles, as well as fiber CSA (8.3%) in VL, in the heated leg were also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis of microarrays (SAM) revealed that 10 weeks of heat stress increased the transcript level of 925 genes and decreased that of 1,300 genes, and gene function clustering analysis (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery: DAVID) showed that these regulated transcripts stemmed from diverse functional categories. Transcript level of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) was significantly increased by 10 weeks of heat stress (~3.0 folds). UQCRB is classified as one of the oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes, suggesting that heat stress can stimulate ATP synthesis. These results suggested that long-term application of heat stress could be effective in increasing the muscle strength associated with hypertrophy without exercise training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Aichi, 440-8511, Japan. gotok@sepia.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Michihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igaki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiya
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Toshitada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000235:genetics; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C027208:ubiquinone-binding proteins
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