title: Analysis of volatile organic compounds in human saliva by a static sorptive extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Human saliva not only helps control oral health (with anti-microbial proteins), but it may also play a role in chemical communication. As is the case with other mammalian species, human saliva contains peptides, proteins, and numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A high-throughput analytical method is described for profiling a large number of saliva samples to screen the profiles of VOCs. Saliva samples were collected in a non-stimulated fashion. The method utilized static stir bar extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method provided excellent reproducibility for a wide range of salivary compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, lactones, and hydrocarbons. Furthermore, substantial overlap of salivary VOCs and the previously reported skin VOCs in the same subject group was found in this study by using pattern recognition analyses. Sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility of the method suggest that this technique has potential in physiological, metabolomic, pharmacokinetic, forensic, and toxicological studies of small organic compounds where a large number of human saliva samples are involved.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pheromone Research and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Helena A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klouckova
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiesler
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oberzaucher
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Brereton
authors.forename: Dustin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.forename: Milos V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Novotny
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals
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