title: TNF-α inhibitory diterpenoids from the Chinese mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha L.
abstract: Chemical examination of the stems and twigs of the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha L. resulted in the isolation of six ent-kaurane diterpenoids named agallochaols K-P (1-6), an atisane-type diterpenoid agallochaol Q (7), along with eight known diterpenoids (8-15). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their NMR spectroscopic data with those reported in literature, in association with the biogenetic relationship with the X-ray structure of 9. Compounds 1, 5-7, 9-10, and 13 showed anti-inflammatory potency to suppress expression of NF-κB and AP-1 targeted genes including TNF-α and IL-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophages Raw 264.7 cells. In addition, compounds 1, 5-7, 9-10, and 13 block NF-κB activation, while compounds 1 and 7 block AP-1 activation dramatically, indicating these compounds possess an anti-inflammatory potential in vitro.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shanjiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proksch
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wenhan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004224:Diterpenes; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C555323:agallochaol Q