title: Reasons for discontinuation and continuation of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia from patient and clinician perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify reasons for discontinuation and continuation of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of schizophrenia from the patients' and their clinicians' perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two measures were previously developed to assess the Reasons for Antipsychotic Discontinuation/Continuation (RAD), one from the patient's perspective and another from the clinician's perspective. These measures were administered to acutely ill schizophrenia patients enrolled in a 12-week study of antipsychotic medications (N = 596) and to their clinicians. The RAD was assessed at baseline and at endpoint. Reasons were rated on a 5-point scale from 'primary reason' to 'not a reason.' The single most important reason was also identified. The 'single most important reason' and the 'primary reasons' for discontinuing the drug used prior to enrollment, and for discontinuing or continuing the study drug were identified. Levels of concordance between patients' and clinicians' reasons were assessed.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The data source for this study is a clinical trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00337662).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reasons for Antipsychotic Discontinuation/Continuation (RAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and clinicians identified several reasons for medication discontinuation and continuation (2.3 to 6.3 reasons, on average). The top 'single most important' reason for discontinuing the drug used prior to enrollment and for discontinuing the study drug was 'positive symptoms not sufficiently improved or made worse,' followed by 'medication-related adverse events.' The most frequent 'single most important' reason for medication continuation was 'improved positive symptoms,' followed by 'patient's perception of improvement,' and 'functional improvement.' A high level of concordance was observed between patients' and clinicians' ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication efficacy appears to be the core driver of medication discontinuation and continuation, especially with regard to positive symptoms. There was a high level of concordance between patients' and clinicians' perspectives. Limitations include the study requirement that patients be at least moderately ill and experiencing acute psychotic exacerbation, a potential selection bias in the readiness to respond to measures, and small sample sizes for some analyses. Further research is needed to replicate findings in patients who are not acutely ill.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. haya@lilly.com
authors.forename: Haya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ascher-Svanum
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Nyhuis
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kinon
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Faries
authors.forename: Glenn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Kory
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.forename: A George
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians; D011788:Quality of Life; D011908:Rationalization; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents