title: Predicting obstructive sleep apnea among women candidates for bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More women than men pursue bariatric surgery for treatment of obesity. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in bariatric patients increases perioperative morbidity and mortality, and, therefore, most bariatric surgeons screen for OSA with polysomnography (PSG). We sought to develop a model for predicting OSA in women seeking bariatric surgery in order to use this diagnostic resource most efficiently.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 296 women who had PSG in preparation for bariatric surgery. Regression and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between history and physical examination findings and OSA severity. After developing best statistical models, we constructed a summary index to identify patients exceeding clinical thresholds for mild (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5) and moderate to severe disease (AHI ≥ 15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our sample, most women (86%) had OSA, and more than half (53%) had moderate to severe disease. Multiple logistic regression showed that age, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, hypertension, witnessed apneas, and snoring predicted AHI. Diabetes mellitus and daytime sleepiness measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were not significant predictors of OSA. Prediction models were statistically significant but had poor specificity for predicting OSA severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA is highly prevalent in symptomatic and asymptomatic women planning bariatric surgery for obesity. Best prediction models based on clinical characteristics did not predict disease severity under conditions superior to those in which they might be applied. In light of the perioperative risks associated with OSA in bariatric patients, all women considering bariatric surgery for obesity should be evaluated for OSA with PSG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Machan
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.forename: G Dean
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Roye
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Millman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009765:Obesity / Q000601:surgery*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D012894:Sleep Stages; D020711:Threshold Limit Values; D055815:Young Adult