title: Role of Toll-like receptor 4 and human defensin 5 in primary endocervical epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endocervical epithelial cells play early roles in the defense of upper female genital tract to pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and human defensins (HD) have recently been identified as fundamental components of the innate immune responses to bacterial pathogens. We aimed to use in vitro model of human primary endocervical epithelial cells (HPECs) to investigate their roles in innate immune response of the endocervix.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLR4 expression and distribution in HPECs and endocervix were investigated by immunofluorescence (IF). Cultured HPECs were divided into lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group which were treated by LPS for 0, 24 and 48 hours, and control group without treatment. At each time point, the levels of HD5, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernants were determined by ELISA. TLR4 and HD5 expressions of cells were detected by Western blotting simultaneously. HD5 expression pattern was also compared between the HeLa cell line and HPECs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endocervix tissue surface and HPECs expressed TLR4. After incubated with LPS, HPECs expressed significantly higher levels of TLR4 than control group, especially after 24 hours (P < 0.01), however decreased after 48 hours with a similar level of TLR4 expression compared with control group. LPS could upregulate the secretion of HD5, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in a time-dependent manner (24 hours: P < 0.05; 48 hours: P < 0.01, compared with control group). Intracellular HD5 expression levels decreased over time. HD5 expression patterns in HPECs were different from HeLa cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To respond to LPS stimulation, HPECs may function in the mucosal immune defense through TLR4 activation and HD5 secretion. HPEC is considered a significant model for immunological study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hui-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology*; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023084:alpha-Defensins