title: Eating behavior in rats subjected to vagotomy, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenal switch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Food intake, eating behavior, and metabolic parameters in rats that underwent bilateral truncal vagotomy, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenal switch procedures were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to bilateral truncal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty (VTPP), pyloroplasty (PP), laparotomy, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or duodenal switch (DS; with and without SG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VTPP, but neither PP nor laparotomy, reduced body weight (BW; 10%) transiently (1 week postoperatively). SG reduced BW (10%) for 6 weeks, while DS alone or SG followed by DS led to a continuous BW loss from 15% at 1 week to 50% at 8 weeks postoperatively. Food intake was higher and the satiety ratio was lower during the night than the day for all groups of surgeries. Neither VTPP nor SG had measurable effect on food intake, eating behavior and metabolic parameters. DS reduced daily food intake by more than 50%, which was associated with hypercholecystokinin(CCK)emia, reduced meal size and increased satiety ratio, and increased fecal energy content (measured at 8 weeks).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss after VTPP, SG, or DS differed in terms of degree, duration, and underlying mechanisms. DS without SG was most effective in the long-term, probably due to hyperCCKemia-induced reduction in food intake and long-limb intestinal bypass-induced malabsorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bård
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulseng
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005743:Gastrectomy; D008297:Male; D011708:Pylorus / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D014628:Vagotomy; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin
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