title: Glulisine versus human regular insulin in combination with glargine in noncritically ill hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of the rapid-acting insulin analog glulisine and regular insulin in hyperglycemic hospitalized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes received either glulisine (n = 88) or regular insulin (n = 92) before each meal in combination with insulin glargine at bedtime in a randomized double-blind fashion. All previous diabetes medications were discontinued if applicable. Doses of insulin were adjusted to obtain target blood glucose concentrations of <130 mg/dl before meals and at bedtime while avoiding hypoglycemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mean blood glucose concentrations were ∼ 8 mg/dl lower in the glulisine group than in the regular insulin group (152.6 ± 66.6 vs. 160.4 ± 70.8 mg/dl; P < 0.0002). This improvement was wholly due to ∼ 22 mg/dl lower levels after 4 days of therapy (140 ± 55 vs. 162 ± 71 mg/dl; P < 0.0007); after day 4, this difference progressively increased such that mean blood glucose concentrations from day 7 onward were ∼ 31 mg/dl lower in the glulisine group. The mean daily incidence of hypoglycemia was slightly but not significantly lower in the glulisine than the regular insulin group (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.14 ± 0.03 episode/day; P > 0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients, glulisine may provide better glycemic control than regular insulin, especially in those who have a prolonged length of stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. christian.meyer@va.gov
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boron
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voltchenok
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vedda
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; C479079:insulin glulisine
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