title: Time-dependent axonal impairment in experimental model of brain oedema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinically very serious condition of ischaemia and brain injury which are often associated with brain oedema is frequently accompanied by the impairment of the structural integrity of axons. We wondered whether the brain oedema (without ischemia brain injury) can induce structural axonal impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain oedema was induced by osmotic blood-brain barrier opening with 20% mannitol applied selectively into the internal carotid. Axonal changes were recognized as signs of myelin disintegration (oedematous vesicles, varicosity, myelin fragmentation) at histological sections stained with Black Gold in hippocampal areas CA1 and CA3 and in the dentate gyrus and cerebral cortex at time intervals of one hour, one day, three days and one week after the oedema induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Impairment of the structural integrity was identified in myelin sheets in all areas studied in all experimental groups. Whereas in the control group axon were of the uniform diameter, in the experimental groups various forms of myelin disintegration were observed. The progression of myelin damage depended on the time elapsed after the oedema induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opening the blood-brain barrier with an osmotic insult induces brain oedema which represents a factor triggering axonal impairment accompanied with myelin changes. The development of axonal changes initiated by brain oedema only (without ischemia brain injury) is a novel observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kozler
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riljak
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pokorny
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008353:Mannitol