title: Immediate versus delayed quitting and rates of relapse among smokers treated successfully with varenicline, bupropion SR or placebo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed to what degree smokers who fail to quit on the target quit date (TQD) or lapse following TQD eventually achieve success with continued treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis of pooled data of successful quitters treated with varenicline (306 of 696), bupropion (199 of 671) and placebo (121 of 685) from two identically-designed clinical trials of varenicline versus bupropion sustained-release and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple research centers in the US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult smokers (n==2052) randomized to 12 weeks drug treatment plus 40 weeks follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end-point for the trials was continuous abstinence for weeks 9-12. TQD was day 8. Two patterns of successful quitting were identified. Immediate quitters (IQs) were continuously abstinent for weeks 2-12. Delayed quitters (DQs) smoked during 1 or more weeks for weeks 2-8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative continuous abstinence (IQs + DQs) increased for all treatments during weeks 3-8. Overall IQs and DQs for varenicline were (24%; 20%) versus bupropion (18.0%, P=0.007; 11.6%, P<0.001) or placebo (10.2%, P<0.001; 7.5%, P<0.001). However, DQs as a proportion of successful quitters was similar for all treatments (varenicline 45%; bupropion 39%; placebo 42%) and accounted for approximately one-third of those remaining continuously abstinent for weeks 9-52. No gender differences were observed by quit pattern. Post-treatment relapse was similar across groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support continuing cessation treatments without interruption for smokers motivated to remain in the quitting process despite lack of success early in the treatment.
authors.affiliation: OHSU Smoking Cessation Center, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. gonzales@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jorenby
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Brandon
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: Theodore C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001944:Breath Tests; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004348:Drug Labeling; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000068580:Varenicline; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D010919:Placebos; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D000068580:Varenicline
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