title: The RET/PTC3 oncogene activates classical NF-κB by stabilizing NIK.
abstract: The oncogenic fusion protein RET/PTC3 (RP3) that is expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid epithelia in Hashimoto's thyroiditis activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and induces pro-inflammatory gene expression; however, the mechanism of this activation is unknown. To address this, we expressed RP3 in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking key classical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling components. In wild-type MEFs, RP3 upregulated CCL2, CXCL1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor expression and activated classical but not noncanonical NF-κB. RP3-activated NF-κB in IκB kinase (IKK)β(-/-) MEFs but not IKKα- or NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-deficient cells and activation was inhibited by a peptide that blocks NEMO binding to the IKKs. RP3 increased the levels of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and did not activate NF-κB in NIK-deficient MEFs. Notably, NIK stabilization was not accompanied by TRAF3 degradation demonstrating that RP3 disrupts normal basal NIK regulation. Dominant-negative NIK blocked RP3-induced NF-κB activation and an RP3 signaling mutant (RP3(Y588F)) did not stabilize NIK. Finally, examination of PTC specimens revealed strong positive staining for NIK. We therefore conclude that RP3 activates classical NF-κB via NIK, NEMO and IKKα. Importantly, our findings reveal a novel mechanism for oncogene-induced NF-κB activation via stabilization of NIK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Neely
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brose
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McCorkell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leibowitz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rothstein
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
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