title: Pancreatic actinomycosis as a cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is a debilitating disease that is often complicated by pseudotumoral changes of the pancreas, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. Actinomycosis is an uncommon intra-abdominal infection and its association with chronic pancreatitis has been rarely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a patient with progressive long standing chronic pancreatitis who develops pseudo-tumoural changes and retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with actinomycosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a rare presentation of actinomycosis, posing a diagnostic challenge to the clinician, with important therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Centre for HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Samir John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.forename: Hector Daniel
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Tu Vinh
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Luong
authors.forename: Sakhawat Hussain
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000196:Actinomycosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012185:Retroperitoneal Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed