title: Terrestrial ecological risk evaluation for triclosan in land-applied biosolids.
abstract: Triclosan is an antimicrobial compound found in many consumer products including soaps and personal care products. Most triclosan is disposed of down household drains, whereupon it is conveyed to wastewater treatment plants. Although a high percentage of triclosan biodegrades during wastewater treatment, most of the remainder is adsorbed to sludge, which may ultimately be applied to land as biosolids. We evaluated terrestrial ecological risks related to triclosan in land-applied biosolids for soil microbes, plants, soil invertebrates, mammals, and birds. Exposures are estimated using a probabilistic fugacity-based model. Triclosan concentrations in biosolids and reported biosolids application rates are compiled to support estimation of triclosan concentrations in soil. Concentrations in biota tissue are estimated using an equilibrium partitioning model for plants and worms and a steady-state model for small mammals; the resulting tissue concentrations are used to model mammalian and avian dietary exposures. Toxicity benchmarks are identified from a review of published and proprietary studies. The results indicate that adverse effects related to soil fertility (i.e., disruption of nitrogen cycling) would be expected only under "worst-case" exposures, under certain soil conditions and would likely be transient. The available data indicate that adverse effects on plants, invertebrates, birds, and mammals due to triclosan in land-applied biosolids are unlikely.
authors.affiliation: ENVIRON International Corporation, 13801 West Center Street, Suite 1, PO Box 405, Burton, Ohio 44021, USA. pfuchsman@environcorp.com
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuchsman
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyndall
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Darrel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lauren
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leigh
authors.forename: Elyse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perruchon
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capdevielle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058448:Biota; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014260:Triclosan / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan