title: The NuRD chromatin-remodeling complex regulates signaling and repair of DNA damage.
abstract: Cells respond to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by orchestrating events that coordinate cell cycle progression and DNA repair. How cells signal and repair DSBs is not yet fully understood. A genome-wide RNA interference screen in Caenorhabditis elegans identified egr-1 as a factor that protects worm cells against IR. The human homologue of egr-1, MTA2 (metastasis-associated protein 2), is a subunit of the nucleosome-remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) chromatin-remodeling complex. We show that knockdown of MTA2 and CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4), the catalytic subunit (adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase]) of NuRD, leads to accumulation of spontaneous DNA damage and increased IR sensitivity. MTA2 and CHD4 accumulate in DSB-containing chromatin tracks generated by laser microirradiation. Directly at DSBs, CHD4 stimulates RNF8/RNF168-dependent formation of ubiquitin conjugates to facilitate the accrual of RNF168 and BRCA1. Finally, we show that CHD4 promotes DSB repair and checkpoint activation in response to IR. Thus, the NuRD chromatin-remodeling complex is a novel regulator of DNA damage responses that orchestrates proper signaling and repair of DSBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Godelieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smeenk
authors.forename: Wouter W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wiegant
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vrolijk
authors.forename: Aldo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Solari
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pastink
authors.forename: Haico
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Attikum
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D002843:Chromatin; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025801:Ubiquitin; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases
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