title: The effect of opioid receptor blockade on the neural processing of thermal stimuli.
abstract: The endogenous opioid system represents one of the principal systems in the modulation of pain. This has been demonstrated in studies of placebo analgesia and stress-induced analgesia, where anti-nociceptive activity triggered by pain itself or by cognitive states is blocked by opioid antagonists. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of opioid receptor blockade on the physiological processing of painful thermal stimulation in the absence of cognitive manipulation. We therefore measured BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal responses and intensity ratings to non-painful and painful thermal stimuli in a double-blind, cross-over design using the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. On the behavioral level, we observed an increase in intensity ratings under naloxone due mainly to a difference in the non-painful stimuli. On the neural level, painful thermal stimulation was associated with a negative BOLD signal within the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and this deactivation was abolished by naloxone.
authors.affiliation: NeuroImage Nord, Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. eschoell@uke.de
authors.forename: Eszter D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Schoell
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bingel
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eippert
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yacubian
authors.forename: Kerrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Hilke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buechel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone; D010100:Oxygen
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