title: Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil.
abstract: We determined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among 963 pregnant women attending an obstetric hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Seroprevalences of IgG and IgM against T. gondii were 68.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65.6-71.6%) and 0.5% (95% CI = 0.06-1.0%), respectively. Seroprevalence of IgG was high in women less than 25 years of age (91.7%) and in low-income women (odds Ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.02-1.90). Multivariate regression analysis showed that consumption of homemade water ice (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.09-2.04), vegetables washed with untreated water (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05-1.94), consumption of chicken (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.12-2.0), and dog ownership (adjusted OR= 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07-1.98) were factors associated with IgG seropositivity. Young women in northeastern Brazil living under poor socioeconomic conditions are at highest risk for acquiring infection with T. gondii. Oocyst contamination of water and soil must be addressed in future prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bartelheimer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heukelbach
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ariza
authors.forename: Heliane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Fabíola Araujo
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Ajax Jose Nogueira
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liesenfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
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