title: Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in men. The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Olmsted County, MN, using in-person evaluations and published criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated an age- and sex-stratified random sample of Olmsted County residents who were 70-89 years old on October 1, 2004, using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, a neurologic evaluation, and neuropsychological testing to assess 4 cognitive domains: memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial skills. Information for each participant was reviewed by an adjudication panel and a diagnosis of normal cognition, MCI, or dementia was made using published criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1,969 subjects without dementia, 329 subjects had MCI, with a prevalence of 16.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.4-17.5) for any MCI, 11.1% (95% CI 9.8-12.3) for amnestic MCI, and 4.9% (95% CI 4.0-5.8) for nonamnestic MCI. The prevalence of MCI increased with age and was higher in men. The prevalence odds ratio (OR) in men was 1.54 (95% CI 1.21-1.96; adjusted for age, education, and nonparticipation). The prevalence was also higher in subjects who never married and in subjects with an APOE epsilon3epsilon4 or epsilon4epsilon4 genotype. MCI prevalence decreased with increasing number of years of education (p for linear trend <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that approximately 16% of elderly subjects free of dementia are affected by MCI, and amnestic MCI is the most common type. The higher prevalence of MCI in men may suggest that women transition from normal cognition directly to dementia at a later age but more abruptly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. peter8@mayo.edu
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Knopman
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Geda
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Tangalos
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ivnik
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rocca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors
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