title: HLA-G 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonclassical major histocompatibility class I HLA-G antigen is a tolerogenic molecule that inhibits lytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Because of its immunomodulatory and tolerogenic properties, HLA-G molecules may have a role in celiac disease (CD). We analyzed the HLA-G 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism, known to have a functional effect on mRNA stability, in a group of 522 CD patients, stratified for the presence of HLA-DQ2 genotype, and 400 healthy individuals to evaluate the possible effect of the polymorphism on the risk to develop the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  HLA-G 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism (rs1704) was detected by polymerase chain reaction and double-checked by direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 14 bp inserted (I) allele and the homozygous I/I genotype were significantly more frequent in CD patients than in healthy controls. The presence of I allele was associated with an increased risk of CD (OR 1.35) and the effect of I allele was consistent with a recessive genetic model (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results also indicate that the effect of the HLA-G D/I polymorphism is restricted for HLA-DQ2, and not simply due to the presence of linkage disequilibrium with the major known risk factor; moreover we found that the presence of the I allele confers an increased risk of CD in addition to the risk conferred by HLA-DQ2 alone and that subjects that carry both DQ2 and HLA-G I alleles have an increased risk of CD than subjects that carry DQ2 but not the I allele.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Service, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Segat
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Catamo
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgutti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vendramin
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crovella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; C053186:HLA-DQ2 antigen; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I