title: Clinicopathological evaluation of downer dairy cows with fatty liver.
abstract: This study evaluated the relationship between severity of fatty liver and macromineral status in downer dairy cows and determined the usefulness of selected biochemical analytes for assessing prognosis. Blood and liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 36 Holstein downer cows shortly after the cows became recumbent and before they were treated. Liver tissue was examined histologically and serum activity of liver-derived enzymes and concentration of total lipids, triglycerides, bile acids, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetic acid, total bilirubin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol and macrominerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P) were determined. Fatty liver infiltration was severe in 44% of the cows and moderate in 44%. Serum activities of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase, and NEFA/cholesterol ratio were good indicators of fatty liver. Cows with severe fatty liver had the lowest mean K values. The prognosis is guarded for downer cows with moderate and severe fatty liver and when total bilirubin concentration is high.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalaitzakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panousis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roubies
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giadinis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaldrymidou
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: Harilaos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karatzias
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D019878:Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011379:Prognosis; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D014280:Triglycerides; C016635:acetoacetic acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D019878:Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases; D001663:Bilirubin; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
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