How cortical neurons help us see: visual recognition in the human brain.
Through a series of complex transformations, the pixel-like input to the retina is converted into rich visual perceptions that constitute an integral part of visual recognition. Multiple visual problems arise due to damage or developmental abnormalities in the cortex of the brain. Here, we provide an overview of how visual information is processed along the ventral visual cortex in the human brain. We discuss how neurophysiological recordings in macaque monkeys and in humans can help us understand the computations performed by visual cortex.
Blumberg
Julie
J
Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Kreiman
Gabriel
G
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
Brain. 1983 Jun;106 (Pt 2):313-40
6850272
Psychol Bull. 1976 Jan;83(1):41-71
828276
Nat Neurosci. 1998 May;1(1):17-22
10195103
Neural Comput. 1991 Summer;3(2):194-200
31167302
Eye (Lond). 2003 Apr;17(3):289-304
12724689
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;72(2):162-78
11796765
Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):951-4
16081741
Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):869-78
18548064
Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):68-70
3340148
Br J Ophthalmol. 1918 Sep;2(9):449-68
18167816
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2002 Aug 29;357(1424):1003-37
12217171
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1990;13:89-109
2183687
J Neurophysiol. 1995 Jan;73(1):218-26
7714567
Brain. 1987 Oct;110 ( Pt 5):1273-96
3676701
J Cogn Neurosci. 1998 May;10(3):362-76
9869710
Vis Neurosci. 2003 May-Jun;20(3):313-28
14570253
Neuron. 2006 Jan 5;49(1):17-24
16387636
Neuropsychologia. 1994 Dec;32(12):1465-73
7885576
Brain. 1990 Dec;113 ( Pt 6):1721-77
2276043
Curr Biol. 1996 Jul 1;6(7):821-4
8805287
Semin Neurol. 2000;20(4):479-85
11149704
Cereb Cortex. 1991 Jan-Feb;1(1):1-47
1822724
Brain. 2003 Nov;126(Pt 11):2381-95
12876150
J Neurosci. 2003 May 15;23(10):3963-71
12764080
Nat Neurosci. 2008 Oct;11(10):1193-200
18711393
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:611-47
15217345
Cereb Cortex. 1999 Jul-Aug;9(5):415-30
10450888
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1998;21:47-74
9530491
Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Jun;4(6):223-233
10827445
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5776-8
6577453
J Exp Psychol. 1969 Jul;81(1):10-5
5812164
Science. 1993 Oct 29;262(5134):685-8
8235589
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:109-39
8833438
Science. 1969 Dec 5;166(3910):1303-6
4982685
Nat Neurosci. 2002 Dec;5(12):1332-8
12426571
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2005;28:157-89
16022593
Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):475-9
19158795
Eur J Neurosci. 2002 Jun;15(12):2043-8
12099910
J Neurosci. 1993 Jul;13(7):2758-71
8331371
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1621-5
2000370
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Jan;6(1):35-47
15611725
Vision Res. 2002 Oct;42(23):2593-615
12446033
J Physiol. 1962 Jan;160:106-54
14449617
Perception. 1997;26(8):1027-38
9509161
Behav Neurosci. 1984 Oct;98(5):898-901
6435646
J Cogn Neurosci. 1991 Winter;3(1):1-8
23964801
IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 1986 Jun;8(6):679-98
21869365
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:649-77
15217346
J Physiol. 1968 Mar;195(1):215-43
4966457
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:419-51
15217339
Brain. 1984 Sep;107 ( Pt 3):829-54
6206910
J Neurophysiol. 1990 Aug;64(2):351-69
2213122
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1995;18:193-222
7605061
Nat Neurosci. 2000 May;3(5):413-4
10769371
Trends Neurosci. 1992 Jan;15(1):20-5
1374953
Brain. 2002 Jan;125(Pt 1):58-74
11834593
Nature. 2005 Jun 23;435(7045):1102-7
15973409
Nature. 1992 Nov 26;360(6402):343-6
1448150
Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(4):594-609
16125741
Neuron. 2009 Apr 30;62(2):281-90
19409272
Nature. 1998 Apr 9;392(6676):598-601
9560155
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Apr;17(2):140-7
17369035
Neural Comput. 1997 May 15;9(4):777-804
9161022
Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001 Apr;79(2):140-6
11284751
Nature. 1996 Jun 6;381(6582):520-2
8632824
Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):995-7
8493538
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1991 Aug;1(2):274-8
1821190
J Neurosci. 2009 May 6;29(18):5854-62
19420252
Neural Netw. 2004 Jun-Jul;17(5-6):625-32
15288888
J Neurosci. 1997 Jun 1;17(11):4302-11
9151747
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 10;104(15):6424-9
17404214
Nat Neurosci. 2000 Sep;3(9):946-53
10966627
Exp Brain Res. 1982;47(3):329-42
7128705
Brain. 1991 Apr;114 ( Pt 2):811-24
2043951
Neuropsychologia. 1999 Jan;37(1):67-74
9920472
Vision Res. 2004 Mar;44(6):621-42
14693189
Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):863-6
16272124
Harvey Lect. 2001-2002;97:85-110
14562518
Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):764-9
7481763
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1982 Jun 25;298(1089):83-95
6125978
J Cogn Neurosci. 1999 Jul;11(4):349-70
10471845
Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2425-30
11577229
Nat Neurosci. 1999 Nov;2(11):1019-25
10526343
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1954 Feb;47(1):14-20
13130724
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2000 Feb 1;17(1):257-80
20945183
Cortex. 1978 Mar;14(1):129-33
16295118
Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):387-8
19158777
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Aug;17(4):471-5
17703936
Brain. 1998 Jan;121 ( Pt 1):25-45
9549486
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:577-621
8833455
Prog Brain Res. 2007;165:33-56
17925239
J Neurophysiol. 1994 Mar;71(3):856-67
8201425
Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):740-9
3283936
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:167-202
11283309
Cereb Cortex. 1994 Sep-Oct;4(5):455-69
7833649
Baillieres Clin Neurol. 1993 Aug;2(2):361-88
8137005
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000 Jan;24(1):3-5
10654653
J Physiol. 1959 Oct;148:574-91
14403679
Hum Neurobiol. 1984;3(4):209-22
6526707
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jun;89(6):3264-78
12783959
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Apr;6(2):215-20
8725963
Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):670-4
16456083
Annu Rev Physiol. 2004;66:735-69
14977420
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2000 Oct;1(1):41-50
11252767
J Neurosci. 2008 Mar 5;28(10):2539-50
18322098
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1954 Jun;47(3):187-93
13163252
Psychol Bull. 1998 Nov;124(3):372-422
9849112
Curr Biol. 2010 May 11;20(9):872-9
20417105
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2000 Feb 1;17(1):1-11
20945168
Science. 1992 May 29;256(5061):1327-31
1598577
Neuropsychologia. 1990;28(4):335-47
2342640
J Neurophysiol. 1953 Jan;16(1):37-68
13035466
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2000 Oct;1(1):59-65
11252769
Baillieres Clin Neurol. 1993 Aug;2(2):339-59
8137004
Cereb Cortex. 1995 May-Jun;5(3):270-88
7613082
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:279-306
15217334
Cereb Cortex. 2007 May;17(5):1100-16
16785255
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):9379-84
10430951
Neuropsychologia. 1999 Jan;37(1):41-50
9920470
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 May;10(5):360-72
19352403
Br J Ophthalmol. 1918 Oct;2(10):506-16
18167823
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997 Fall;9(4):606-20
9447506
Nature. 1990 Jul 12;346(6280):174-7
2366872