title: Pt nanoparticle label-mediated deposition of Pt catalyst for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensors.
abstract: Herein we describe a novel signal amplification strategy for the development of ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensors. The amplification strategy is based on platinum catalyzing a hydrogen evolution reaction. To demonstrate its practicality, the electrochemical signal enhancement strategy has been applied for the development of a novel prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunosensor. The immunosensing protocol utilized a gold electrode with PSA capture antibodies bound to its surface via covalent bonding. After PSA was bound to the electrode surface, a secondary platinum nanoparticle-labeled detection antibody was used to complete the sandwich immunosensor. The resulting electrode was then dipped in a platinum developer solution containing 1 mM of PtCl4(2-), 0.1M of formate (reductant) and 0.5% Tween 80 (pH 6.5) to generate bare platinum catalysts in close proximity to the Au electrode surface through a seed-mediated nucleation and growth mechanism. The signal readout was obtained electrochemically via a Pt-catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction in an acidic aqueous medium containing 10 mM of HCl and 1 M of KCl. A detection limit of 1 fg/ml was achieved.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #04-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Boon Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Majad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Yiyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jackie Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002384:Catalysis; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen