title: Human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial cells reendothelialize vein grafts and prevent thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To accelerate vein graft reendothelialization and reduce vein graft thrombosis by infusing human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial cells (hCB-ECs) because loss of endothelium contributes to vein graft thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under steady flow conditions in vitro, hCB-ECs adhered to smooth muscle cells 2.5 to 13 times more than ECs derived from peripheral blood or human aorta (P<0.05). Compared with peripheral blood and human aorta ECs, hCB-ECs had 1.4-fold more cell surface α(5)β(1) integrin heterodimers per cell (P<0.05) and proliferated on fibronectin 4- to 10-fold more rapidly (P<0.05). Therefore, we used hCB-ECs to enhance reendothelialization of carotid interposition vein grafts implanted in NOD.CB17-Prkdc(scid)/J mice. Two weeks postoperatively, vein grafts from hCB-EC-treated mice demonstrated approximately 55% reendothelialization and no luminal thrombosis. In contrast, vein grafts from sham-treated mice demonstrated luminal thrombosis in 75% of specimens (P<0.05) and only approximately 14% reendothelialization. In vein grafts from hCB-EC-treated mice, 33±10% of the endothelium was of human origin, as judged by human major histocompatibility class I expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hCB-ECs adhere to smooth muscle cells under flow conditions in vitro, accelerate vein graft reendothelialization in vivo, and prevent vein graft thrombosis. Thus, hCB-ECs offer novel therapeutic possibilities for vein graft disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Vrad W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Levering
authors.forename: Jiao-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Satterwhite
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Truskey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014680:Veins / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
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