Find-me and eat-me signals in apoptotic cell clearance: progress and conundrums.
Everyday we turnover billions of cells. The quick, efficient, and immunologically silent disposal of the dying cells requires a coordinated orchestration of multiple steps, through which phagocytes selectively recognize and engulf apoptotic cells. Recent studies have suggested an important role for soluble mediators released by apoptotic cells that attract phagocytes ("find-me" signals). New information has also emerged on multiple receptors that can recognize phosphatidylserine, the key "eat-me" signal exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. This perspective discusses recent exciting progress, gaps in our understanding, and the conflicting issues that arise from the newly acquired knowledge.
Ravichandran
Kodi S
KS
Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. ravi@virginia.edu
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C408123:phosphatidylserine receptor
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