title: Hyperfibrinogenemia after preoperative chemoradiotherapy predicts poor response and poor prognosis in rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although hyperfibrinogenemia has been reported in patients with colorectal cancer, neither its clinical implications nor the effect of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on the fibrinogen levels have been fully investigated. We investigated the clinical significance of pre- and post-CRT fibrinogen levels in patients with rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 82 patients with rectal cancer, who had received CRT followed by surgical resection, were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between the clinicopathological variables and the pre- and post-CRT plasma fibrinogen levels, and that between the changes of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels after CRT and the pathological tumor regression grading was analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of post-CRT fibrinogen levels on the prognosis of these patients was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma fibrinogen markedly decreased after CRT. The post-CRT fibrinogen level significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, tumor size, depth of invasion, and the pathological tumor regression grading. The CRT-induced pathological tumor regression grading well correlated with the decrease of fibrinogen level, but not with that of CRP or CEA. Furthermore, patients with high post-CRT fibrinogen had significantly shorter disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction of plasma fibrinogen induced by CRT should be a promising biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of CRT in rectal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. kz-kawai@mvd.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: Nelson H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tsuno
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sunami
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagawa
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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