title: Treatment of skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation using bFGF and rhGM-CSF: an experimental study in a murine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A murine model of skin injury from vinorelbine extravasation was established to evaluate the treatment efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental models were divided into bFGF, rhGM-CSF, and control (saline) groups, with 40 mice in each group. Edema and ulceration were measured on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 18 after the onset of extravasation; injuries were examined pathomorphologically in three mice/group/time point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Edema reached maximum size on Day 3 in the bFGF and rhGM-CSF groups and Day 5 in the control group. The difference between the two experimental groups was not significant; differences between the control group and the experimental groups were statistically significant at all time points. Edema and ulceration began to improve on Day 10 in the bFGF and rhGM-CSF groups and Day 18 in the control group. Healing duration was 14-18 days in the experimental groups, with a (not significantly) shorter duration in the bFGF group. Healing was completed by Day 27.5 in the control group. Pathomorphological evaluation showed regular re-epithelization and newly formed granulation tissue in the bFGF and rhGM-CSF groups on Day 13. In the control group, wounds were partially healed, edema and shallow ulcers existed, and epithelization was fragile and disorganized on Day 18.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bFGF and rhGM-CSF are useful for the treatment of skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation, but bFGF may be slightly more effective in decreasing time and improving quality of healing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Yongqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yongshun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xuejuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Juhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D000077235:Vinorelbine; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D014747:Vinblastine; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000077235:Vinorelbine