title: Yoga in heart failure patients: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complementary therapies such as yoga practice have become commonplace, yet the safety, physical, and psychological effects on patients with heart failure (HF) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week yoga program was safe and would positively influence physical and psychological function in HF patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stable HF patients were recruited (n = 15) and completed (n = 12) 8 weeks of yoga classes. Data collected were: safety (cardiac and orthopedic adverse events); physical function (strength, balance, endurance, flexibility); and psychological function (quality of life [QOL], depression scores, mindfulness) before and after 8 weeks of yoga classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 52.4 + or - 11.6 with three-fourths (n = 9) being male and Caucasian. No participant had any adverse events. Endurance (P < .02) and strength (upper P = .04 and lower body P = .01) significantly improved. Balance improved by 13.6 seconds (26.9 + or - 19.7 to 40.0 + or - 18.5; P = .05). Symptom stability, a subscale of QOL, improved significantly (P = .02). Although no subject was depressed, overall mood was improved. Subjects subjectively reported improvements in overall well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yoga practice was safe, with participants experiencing improved physical function and symptom stability. Larger studies are warranted to provide more nonpharmacological options for improved outcomes in patients with HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. jill.howie-esquivel@nursing.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howie-Esquivel
authors.forename: Jiyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mehling
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology*