title: Mechanism of phosphorylation-induced activation of phospholipase C-gamma isozymes.
abstract: The lipase activity of most phospholipases C (PLCs) is basally repressed by a highly degenerate and mostly disordered X/Y linker inserted within the catalytic domain. Release of this auto-inhibition is driven by electrostatic repulsion between the plasma membrane and the electronegative X/Y linker. In contrast, PLC-γ isozymes (PLC-γ1 and -γ2) are structurally distinct from other PLCs because multiple domains are present in their X/Y linker. Moreover, although many tyrosine kinases directly phosphorylate PLC-γ isozymes to enhance their lipase activity, the underlying molecular mechanism of this activation remains unclear. Here we define the mechanism for the unique regulation of PLC-γ isozymes by their X/Y linker. Specifically, we identify the C-terminal SH2 domain within the X/Y linker as the critical determinant for auto-inhibition. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the X/Y linker mediates high affinity intramolecular interaction with the C-terminal SH2 domain that is coupled to a large conformational rearrangement and release of auto-inhibition. Consequently, PLC-γ isozymes link phosphorylation to phospholipase activation by elaborating upon primordial regulatory mechanisms found in other PLCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA.
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gresset
authors.forename: Stephanie N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: T Kendall
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sondek
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma
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