title: An analysis of ED utilization by adults with intellectual disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify factors increasing the odds of ED utilization among intellectually disabled (ID) adults and differentiate their discharge diagnoses from the general adult ED population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, observational open cohort study of all ID adults residing at an intermediate care facility and their ED visits to a tertiary center (January 1, 2007-July 30, 2008). We abstracted from the intermediate care facility database subjects' demographic, ID, health and adaptive status variables, and their requirement of ED care/hospitalization. We obtained from the hospital database the primary International Classification of Diseases 9 ED/hospital discharge diagnoses for the study and general adult population. Using multivariate logistic regression, we computed odds ratios (OR) for ED utilization/hospitalization in the cohort. Using the conditional large-sample binomial test, we differentiated the study and general populations' discharge diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 433 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Gastrostomy/jejunostomy increased the odds of ED utilization (OR, 4.16; confidence interval [CI], 1.64-10.58). Partial help to feed (OR, 2.59; CI, 1.14-5.88), gastrostomy/jejunostomy (OR, 3.26; CI, 1.30-8.18), and increasing number of prescribed medications (OR, 1.08; CI, 1.03-1.14) increased the odds of hospitalization. Auditory impairment (OR, 0.45; CI, 0.23-0.88) decreased the odds of hospitalization. For ED discharge diagnoses, ID adults were more likely (P < .05) than the general population to have diagnoses among digestive disorders and ill-defined symptoms/signs. For hospital discharge diagnoses, ID adults were more likely (P < .05) to have diagnoses among infectious/parasitic, nervous system, and respiratory disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among ID adults, feeding status increased the odds of ED utilization, feeding status, and increasing number of prescribed medications of that hospitalization. Intellectually disabled adults' discharge diagnoses differed significantly from the general adult ED population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA. avenkat@wpahs.org
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkat
authors.forename: Rene B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pastin
authors.forename: Gajanan G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Culig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult