title: Association of visual function and ganglion cell layer thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and no or minimal diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) classically presents with micro-aneurysms, small haemorrhages and/or lipoprotein exudates. Several studies have indicated that neural loss occurs in DR even before vascular damage can be observed. This study evaluated the possible relationship between structure (spectral domain-optical coherence tomography) and function (Rarebit visual field test) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and no or minimal diabetic retinopathy (DR). Results demonstrated loss of macular visual function and corresponding thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in the pericentral area of the macula of diabetic patients (Rs = 0.65, p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, GCL thickness remained an independent predictor of decreased visual function (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). Early DR seems to include a neurodegenerative component.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.w.vandijk@amc.nl
authors.forename: Hille W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Verbraak
authors.forename: Marilette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: Pauline H B
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Mona K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Garvin
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sonka
authors.forename: J Hans
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: DeVries
authors.forename: Reinier O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Schlingemann
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Abràmoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 1991 May;98(5 Suppl):786-806
references.pmid: 2062513
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2003 Sep;110(9):1677-82
references.pmid: 13129861
references.citation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1996 May;234(5):300-5
references.pmid: 8740250
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jul;51(7):3660-5
references.pmid: 20130282
references.citation: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2006 Sep;25(5):425-48
references.pmid: 16949855
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;91(12):1596-8
references.pmid: 17591672
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27 Suppl 1:S84-7
references.pmid: 14693935
references.citation: Retina. 2009 May;29(5):618-26
references.pmid: 19262432
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2001 Sep;4(9):877-86
references.pmid: 11528418
references.citation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;240(2):79-84
references.pmid: 11931083
references.citation: Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Jul;127(7):875-81
references.pmid: 19597108
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1992 May;15(5):620-5
references.pmid: 1516480
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Jun;41(7):1971-80
references.pmid: 10845624
references.citation: Diabetes. 2006 Sep;55(9):2401-11
references.pmid: 16936187
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2003 Sep;46(9):1260-8
references.pmid: 12898017
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Sep;45(9):3330-6
references.pmid: 15326158
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2009 Sep;28(9):1436-47
references.pmid: 19278927
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Jun;49(6):2635-42
references.pmid: 18515593
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2009 Dec;116(12):2305-14.e1-2
references.pmid: 19744726
references.citation: Clin Exp Optom. 2006 Mar;89(2):81-5
references.pmid: 16494610
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Sep 15;586(18):4401-8
references.pmid: 18565995
references.citation: Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;36(5):455-63
references.pmid: 18925914
references.citation: Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005 Mar;25(2):81-6
references.pmid: 15713199
references.citation: Surv Ophthalmol. 2002 Dec;47 Suppl 2:S253-62
references.pmid: 12507627
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1998 Aug 15;102(4):783-91
references.pmid: 9710447
references.citation: Vision Res. 2002 Jul;42(15):1931-9
references.pmid: 12128022
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2008 Mar;115(3):533-539.e2
references.pmid: 18067962
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2004 Nov;111(11):2133-6
references.pmid: 15522382
references.citation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2001 Sep;239(9):643-8
references.pmid: 11688662
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Sep;43(9):3109-16
references.pmid: 12202536
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Mar;41(3):741-8
references.pmid: 10711689
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jul;50(7):3404-9
references.pmid: 19151397
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Sep;91(9):1135-8
references.pmid: 17383994
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug;76(8):461-4
references.pmid: 1390526
references.citation: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;27(2):283-90
references.pmid: 12657367
references.citation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1984;222(2):71-4
references.pmid: 6519442
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Jul;47(7):3143-50
references.pmid: 16799061
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Aug;45(8):2760-6
references.pmid: 15277502
references.citation: Eye (Lond). 2009 Apr;23(4):884-9
references.pmid: 18437178
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2008 Jun;115(6):949-56
references.pmid: 17981334
references.citation: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2007 Nov;26(6):688-710
references.pmid: 17889587
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jun;46(6):2210-8
references.pmid: 15914643
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Nov;48(11):5320-31
references.pmid: 17962489
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Dec;47(12):5356-62
references.pmid: 17122124
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Apr;49(4):1622-8
references.pmid: 18385083
references.citation: Vision Res. 1973 Nov;13(11):2113-20
references.pmid: 4763524