title: Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the formulated insecticide Aficida on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces: Poeciliidae).
abstract: The acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the pirimicarb-containing commercial-formulation carbamate insecticide Aficida (50% pirimicarb) were evaluated on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae) exposed under laboratory conditions. Micronucleus (MN) induction as well as alterations in the erythrocytes:erythroblasts ratios were employed as end-points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Cr(VI) and cyclophosphamide were used as positive controls for the toxicity and geno-cytotoxicity assays, respectively. Mean values of 344.3 and 225.5mg Aficida(®)/L were determined for LC-50(24h) and LC-50(96h), respectively. In 48h-exposed fish, a MN increase was found in Aficida-treated fish in the 50-157mg/L concentration range. When fish were exposed to Aficida for 96h, only those animals treated at 50-100mg/L showed an increase in MN frequency. Cellular cytotoxicity, revealed by a decreased proportion of circulating erythrocytes and an enhancement of erythroblasts, was found after 48h of exposure in 50-157mg Aficida/L-treated fish, while, after 96h exposure, only 100-157mg Aficida/L induced the same effect. This species provides a useful experimental model for the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Josefina Vera
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Candioti
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soloneski
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Larramendy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D011036:Poecilia; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D009153:Mutagens; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011994:pirimicarb