title: Accuracy of the Kato-Katz, adhesive tape and FLOTAC techniques for helminth diagnosis among children in Kyrgyzstan.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of three copro-microscopic techniques for helminth diagnosis: Kato-Katz, adhesive tape and FLOTAC. A total of 163 children from a peri-urban municipality near Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, participated and submitted multiple stool samples and adhesive tapes. Ninety children supplied at least two stool samples and two adhesive tapes. Three stool samples and three adhesive tapes were available from 71 and 64 children, respectively. From each stool sample, a single Kato-Katz thick smear was prepared and examined quantitatively. Additionally, the first stool sample was subjected to the FLOTAC technique and helminth eggs were counted. Adhesive tapes were checked for the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs. Using pooled results as a diagnostic 'gold' standard, the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, Hymenolepis nana and Dicrocoelium dendriticum were 54.4%, 13.3%, 11.1% and 11.1%, respectively. Infection intensities were low. When compared to triplicate Kato-Katz, a single FLOTAC was more sensitive for the diagnosis of A. lumbricoides (89.5% versus 39.5%) and D. dendriticum (88.9% versus 33.3%), but less sensitive for H. nana (66.7% versus 88.9%). For E. vermicularis, three adhesive tapes showed much higher sensitivity than a single FLOTAC (92.9% versus 14.3%). FLOTAC yielded significantly higher faecal egg counts than Kato-Katz for A. lumbricoides and D. dendriticum. Overall results suggest that, although FLOTAC represents a promising technique for helminth diagnosis in Kyrgyzstan, the repeated adhesive tape test remains so far the method of choice for diagnosing E. vermicularis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. ajeandron@gmail.com
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeandron
authors.forename: Gulnara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abdyldaieva
authors.forename: Jumagul
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usubalieva
authors.forename: Jeroen H J
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ensink
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matthys
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cringoli
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utzinger
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006376:Helminths / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007707:Kyrgyzstan; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D010274:Parasitology / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives