Demographic differences in incidence for pituitary adenoma.
Incidence estimates for pituitary adenomas vary widely, suggesting the effects of numerous risk factors or varying levels of tumor surveillance. We studied the epidemiology of pituitary adenomas using 2004-2007 data collected by 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Programs in the United States (N = 8,276). We observed that incidence rates generally increased with age and were higher in females in early life and higher in males in later life. Males are diagnosed with larger tumors on average than females. Diagnosis may be delayed for males, giving tumors a chance to grow larger before clinical detection. We also observed that American Blacks have higher incidence rates for pituitary adenomas compared with other ethnic groups. There are several potential explanations for this finding with some evidence that at least part of the effect may be due to differential diagnosis between races.
McDowell
Bradley D
BD
Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. bradley-mcdowell@uiowa.edu
Wallace
Robert B
RB
Carnahan
Ryan M
RM
Chrischilles
Elizabeth A
EA
Lynch
Charles F
CF
Schlechte
Janet A
JA
D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors
J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(11):1603-18
14660734
N Engl J Med. 1999 Oct 14;341(16):1198-205
10519898
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 May 21;100(10):738-44
18477800
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1977 Jan;36(1):41-9
188996
Pituitary. 2005;8(1):3-6
16411062
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1982 Aug;17(2):129-55
6751612
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Mar;57(3):412-8
19175435
Circulation. 2006 Feb 14;113(6):e85-151
16407573
Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 May;154(5):753-8
16645024
Am J Pathol. 1936 Mar;12(2):205-216.1
19970261
Ann Neurol. 1995 Jan;37(1):67-73
7818260
Cancer. 1976 Nov;38(5):2135-42
991126
Stat Methods Med Res. 2006 Dec;15(6):547-69
17260923
Cancer. 2008 Jan 1;112(1):171-80
18040998
Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007 Mar;14(1):103-9
17395979
Lancet. 1977 Apr 9;1(8015):778-80
66572