title: T(2)-weighted 3D fast spin echo imaging with water-fat separation in a single acquisition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a robust 3D fast spin echo (FSE) T(2)-weighted imaging method with uniform water and fat separation in a single acquisition, amenable to high-quality multiplanar reformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation (IDEAL) method was integrated with modulated refocusing flip angle 3D-FSE. Echoes required for IDEAL processing were acquired by shifting the readout gradient with respect to the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill echo. To reduce the scan time, an alternative data acquisition using two gradient echoes per repetition was implemented. Using the latter approach, a total of four gradient echoes were acquired in two repetitions and used in the modified IDEAL reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D-FSE T(2)-weighted images with uniform water-fat separation were successfully acquired in various anatomies including breast, abdomen, knee, and ankle in clinically feasible scan times, ranging from 5:30-8:30 minutes. Using water-only and fat-only images, in-phase and out-of-phase images were reconstructed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-FSE-IDEAL provides volumetric T(2)-weighted images with uniform water and fat separation in a single acquisition. High-resolution images with multiple contrasts can be reformatted to any orientation from a single acquisition. This could potentially replace 2D-FSE acquisitions with and without fat suppression and in multiple planes, thus improving overall imaging efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Ananth.Madhuranthakam@ge.com
authors.forename: Ananth J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Madhuranthakam
authors.forename: Huanzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimakawa
authors.forename: Reed F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rofsky
authors.forename: Jean H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001834:Body Water; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D012016:Reference Values; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
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