title: The formulation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of a magnetic carrier for brain delivery of NIR dye.
abstract: This work reports the targeting of the near infrared (NIR) dye indocyanine green (ICG) to the brain using composite nanoparticles. Thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl was used to synthesize monodisperse oleic acid coated magnetic nanoparticles (OAMNP). Synthesized OAMNP and ICG were encapsulated in a poly (lactide-co-glycolide) matrix using an emulsion evaporation method. Different batches containing OAMNP:PLGA ratios (1:4, 1:2 and 3:4) were prepared with ICG (group B-1, 2, 3) and without ICG (group A-1, 2, 3) loading. All the formulations were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, zeta potential, magnetic content, ICG encapsulation efficiency and the spectral properties of ICG. The optimized formulation showed an encapsulation efficiency of 56 +/- 4.6% for ICG and 57 +/- 1.37% for OAMNP. The biodistribution and brain targeting study involved three groups of six animals, each with 0.4 mg kg(-1) equivalent of ICG, given as neat ICG solution, composite nanoparticles without the aid of a magnetic field, and composite nanoparticles under the influence of a magnetic field (8000 G) to groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The tissue analysis and microscopy images revealed a significantly higher brain concentration of ICG (p < 0.05) for group 3 than the two control groups. These results are encouraging for the brain delivery of hydrophilic dyes/drugs using this method for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kirthivasan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bommana
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Squillante
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadoqi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D019301:Oleic Acid; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007208:Indocyanine Green