Developmental Continuity and Stability of Emotional Availability in the Family: Two Ages and Two Genders in Child-Mother Dyads from Two Regions in Three Countries.
This study employs an intra-national and cross-national, prospective and longitudinal design to examine age, gender, region, and country variation in group mean-level continuity and individual-differences stability of emotional availability in child-mother dyads. Altogether, 220 Argentine, Italian, and U.S. American metropolitan and rural residence mothers and their daughters and sons were observed at home when children were 5 and 20 months of age. Similar patterns of continuity and discontinuity of emotional availability from 5 to 20 months were observed across regions and countries, but not between genders. Stability of emotional availability from 5 to 20 months was moderate and similar across genders, regions, and countries. Universal and gender-specific developmental processes in child-mother emotional availability as revealed in intra- and cross-national study are discussed.
Bornstein
Marc H
MH
Child and Family Research, Program in Developmental Neuroscience,  Eunice Kennedy Shriver  National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.
Suwalsky
Joan T D
JT
Putnick
Diane L
DL
Gini
Motti
M
Venuti
Paola
P
de Falco
Simona
S
Heslington
Marianne
M
de Galperín
Celia Zingman
CZ
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