title: The protective activities of water-soluble C(60) derivatives against nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cells.
abstract: In this study, the protective activities of water-soluble C(60) derivatives against nitric oxide (NO) induced cytotoxicity were investigated. To overcome C(60) insolubility in water, we modified C(60) with β-alanine, valine or folacin. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, LC-MS, elemental analysis, light scattering and TEM. Investigation of the possible NO-scavenging activities of water-soluble C(60) derivatives demonstrated that they expressed direct scavenging activity toward NO liberated within solution of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In parallel, following exposure of cells to SNP (1 mM), a marked decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, cell viability, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as increased levels of intracellular NO accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) production were observed. Moreover, SNP caused significant elevation in intracellular caspase-3 activity, and induced apoptotic death as determined by flow cytometric assay. However, pretreatment of the cells with water-soluble C(60) derivatives prior to SNP exposure blocked these NO-induced cellular events noticeably. Experiments demonstrated that the aggregation morphology could impact the NO-scavenging abilities and protective effects on apoptosis of water-soluble C(60) derivatives. The results suggest that water-soluble C(60) derivatives have the potential to prevent NO-mediated cell death without evident toxicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. huzhen@hit.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Jinglong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003102:Colloids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010316:Particle Size; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003102:Colloids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D037741:Fullerenes; D009573:Nitrites; D020011:Protective Agents; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D014867:Water; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D053148:Caspase 3