title: Real-time UV imaging of nicotine release from transdermal patch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to characterize UV imaging as a platform for performing in vitro release studies using Nicorette® nicotine patches as a model drug delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rate of nicotine release from 2 mm diameter patch samples (Nicorette®) into 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.40, was studied by UV imaging (Actipix SDI300 dissolution imaging system) at 254 nm. The release rates were compared to those obtained using the paddle-over-disk method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calibration curves were successfully established which allowed temporally and spatially resolved quantification of nicotine. Release profiles obtained from UV imaging were in qualitative agreement with results from the paddle-over-disk release method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visualization as well as quantification of nicotine concentration gradients was achieved by UV imaging in real time. UV imaging has the potential to become an important technology platform for conducting in vitro drug release studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark. joe@farma.ku.dk
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meng-Lund
authors.forename: Susan Weng
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lenke
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D004058:Diffusion; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine
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