title: Moraxella catarrhalis: an unrecognized pathogen of the oral cavity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of the bacterial flora of the nose and throat on the outcome of the initial repairs of the cleft palate in the presence of prophylactic antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 90 procedures in 66 patients who had cleft palate repair between April 2005 and June 2007 was conducted at Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester, U.K. Both isolated cleft palate and cleft lip and palate patients were included. Exclusion criteria included syndromic cases, other medical disorders, and revisions of previous cleft palate repairs. Nose and throat swabs were taken on admission. Benzyl penicillin and flucloxacillin were given perioperatively. The occurrence of oronasal fistulas was correlated with the bacteria grown on culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oronasal fistula rate was 15.9%. The highest fistula rate in procedures with positive swabs was seen with Moraxella catarrhalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M. catarrhalis has not been previously recognized as a pathogen in cleft palate repairs. This study demonstrates a higher fistula rate in procedures positive for M. catarrhalis. Other factors that may have contributed to the fistula formation include the severity of the initial cleft and technical factors. Further study is required before a definitive link can be established.
authors.forename: Sharda P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Narinesingh
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Whitby
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Davenport
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005436:Floxacillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045828:Moraxellaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000382:microbiology; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005436:Floxacillin; D010400:Penicillin G