title: Nail puncture wound through a rubber-soled shoe: a retrospective study of 96 adult patients.
abstract: Nail punctures through rubber-soled shoes expose the foot to the possibility of deep infection and foreign body retention. In this article, we describe characteristics of adult patients who sustained nail puncture wounds through a rubber-soled shoe and were treated at our institution from January 1, 2000, to January 8, 2008. Of the 96 patients, 36 (37.5%) were treated conservatively and 60 (62.5%) were treated surgically in the operating room. Of those treated surgically, 15 (25%) had a foreign body extracted during the operation. The operated group had a longer duration of time from injury to hospital admission than did the nonoperated group (5.0 +/- 6.8 days versus 2.7 +/- 3.8 days, P < .05). Treatment success was observed in 91 (94.8%) of the patients, and the median lag time before admission for the less successfully treated group was longer than that for the successfully treated group (10 days versus 2 days, P < .002); and, the less successfully treated group was more likely to receive antibiotics in the community before hospitalization (100.0% versus 47.2%, P < .06), and was more likely to be diabetic (40.0% versus 9.9%, P < .10). Fever, white blood cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were not significantly associated with treatment outcome. Success of the treatment did not depend on white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or fever. Ultrasonography was useful in detecting the presence of a foreign body.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel. guytalr@bezeqint.net
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chezar
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: Nimrod
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rozen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012408:Rubber; D012775:Shoes; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012408:Rubber