title: Electrocortical dynamics reflect age-related differences in movement kinematics among children and adults.
abstract: Previous neuroimaging and behavioral studies demonstrated structural and functional changes in the motor system across childhood. However, it is unclear what functionally relevant electrocortical processes underlie developmental differences in motor planning and control during multijoint, goal-directed movements. The current study characterized age-related differences in electrocortical processes during the performance of discrete aiming movements in children and adults. Electroencephalography and movement kinematics were recorded from 3 groups of participants (n = 15 each): young children (mean 6.7 years), older children (mean 10.2 years), and adults (mean 22.1 years). Age-related differences were evident in the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. First, young children exhibited less movement-related activity in task-relevant motor areas compared with adults (movement-related cortical potentials). Second, young children exhibited greater activation (less alpha power) of the frontal areas and less activation of the parietal areas as compared with the other groups. At the behavioral level, young children made slower and jerkier movements, with less consistent directional planning compared with older children and adults. Significant correlations were also found between EEG and movement kinematic measures. Taken together, the results of this study provide evidence that age-related differences in the quality of motor planning and performance are reflected in the differences in electrocortical dynamics among children and adults.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA. pangel@umd.edu
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pangelinan
authors.forename: Florian A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kagerer
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Momen
authors.forename: Bradley D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1986 Aug;64(2):123-43
references.pmid: 2424729
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Aug;115(8):1836-45
references.pmid: 15261862
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1988 Feb;69(2):91-9
references.pmid: 2446839
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2001 May;112(5):806-14
references.pmid: 11336896
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Nov;117(11):2341-56
references.pmid: 16876476
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1169:182-6
references.pmid: 19673777
references.citation: Hum Mov Sci. 2006 Oct;25(4-5):634-45
references.pmid: 17011659
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113
references.pmid: 5146491
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1060:219-30
references.pmid: 16597769
references.citation: Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Apr;96(2):589-98
references.pmid: 12776841
references.citation: Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1908-11
references.pmid: 10082463
references.citation: Brain. 1998 Aug;121 ( Pt 8):1513-31
references.pmid: 9712013
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1987;40:47-52
references.pmid: 3480165
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 1;27(4):737-52
references.pmid: 16027009
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2005 Apr;162(2):155-64
references.pmid: 15586275
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;15(2):161-7
references.pmid: 15831397
references.citation: Neuroimage. 1999 Dec;10(6):658-65
references.pmid: 10600411
references.citation: J Clin Neurophysiol. 1989 Jan;6(1):75-84
references.pmid: 2915031
references.citation: J Exp Child Psychol. 2000 Mar;75(3):228-44
references.pmid: 10666326
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 1995 Mar;19(2):149-76
references.pmid: 7622410
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Jan;36(1):118-29
references.pmid: 14707777
references.citation: Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1110-3
references.pmid: 3576224
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 3;95(3):861-8
references.pmid: 9448252
references.citation: Int J Neurosci. 1984 Oct;24(2):81-96
references.pmid: 6500832
references.citation: Dev Psychobiol. 2003 Jul;43(1):44-56
references.pmid: 12794778
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2003 Mar;17(5):1098-104
references.pmid: 12653986
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1988 Feb;69(2):100-9
references.pmid: 2446829
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 25;101(21):8174-9
references.pmid: 15148381
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2009 Jan;101(1):315-22
references.pmid: 18987123
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Oct;115(10):2252-8
references.pmid: 15351366
references.citation: Brain Topogr. 1994 Winter;7(2):121-7
references.pmid: 7696089
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 1983 Dec;399(4):342-4
references.pmid: 6664833
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003 Apr;13(2):225-31
references.pmid: 12744978
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2000 Dec 8;295(3):89-92
references.pmid: 11090981
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;425:398-428
references.pmid: 6588860
references.citation: Brain Res. 2006 Aug 30;1107(1):151-60
references.pmid: 16875680
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2004 Mar;21(3):936-45
references.pmid: 15006660
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1991;42:58-65
references.pmid: 1915032
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1983 Oct;56(4):373-83
references.pmid: 6193951
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2002 Apr;13(2):195-202
references.pmid: 11958962
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2001 Dec;43(1):41-58
references.pmid: 11742684
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998 Feb;109(1):50-62
references.pmid: 11003064
references.citation: Brain. 1999 May;122 ( Pt 5):855-70
references.pmid: 10355671
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;425:489-95
references.pmid: 6588870
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 1980;54:755-60
references.pmid: 7220996
references.citation: Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 1995;64(2-3):237-78
references.pmid: 8987386
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 1992 Sep;20(1):24-50
references.pmid: 1389121
references.citation: J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 Nov;16(6):512-9
references.pmid: 10600019
references.citation: Motor Control. 2004 Oct;8(4):450-60
references.pmid: 15585900
references.citation: J Exp Child Psychol. 1990 Aug;50(1):102-18
references.pmid: 2398328