title: Gentamicin alters nitric oxide production in semicircular canals and otolith organs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intratympanic application of gentamicin is an important therapeutic option to control vertigo spells in Ménière's disease. Low doses eliminate the function of semicircular canal ampullae (SCCA) and saccule in most patients, although utricular function is maintained in many cases. Local alteration in free radical production might be responsible for these differences. Therefore, the gentamicin-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in an animal model using separate organ cultures of SCCA, saccule, and utricle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective pilot study in male guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCCA, saccule, and utricle of 28 guinea pigs were isolated and incubated separately for 6 hours in cell culture medium. Gentamicin was administered in two different concentrations (0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL) to organ cultures of 16 animals. Tissues from 12 animals were used as controls. Nitric oxide was quantified by chemiluminescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gentamicin led to an NO increase of about 70% in the saccule, an NO reduction of more than 70% in SCCA, and an NO reduction of 36% in the utricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The selective effects of gentamicin on the NO production in the different sensory areas of the vestibular organ have to be taken into account in the therapy of Ménière's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. kai.helling@ukmainz.de
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helling
authors.forename: Ulf-Rüdiger
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heusgen
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brieger
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmidtmann
authors.forename: Huige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wolf J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D009569:Nitric Oxide