title: Monitoring of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola populations in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing occurrence of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew. In Japan, the existence of QoI-fungicide-resistant P. viticola was reported in 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola samples collected from vineyards in Japan in 2008 and 2009 was monitored. Resistant P. viticola were detected in the regions where QoI fungicides have been introduced in accordance with the pest management programme, whereas in Hokkaido vineyards, where QoI fungicides have not yet been introduced, QoI-fungicide-resistant P. viticola were not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japan comprises thousands of islands and is physically isolated from other countries by the sea. Monitoring the emergence, incidence and distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations in Japan is necessary to improve pest management strategies for downy mildew disease in Japanese vineyards.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005838:Genotype; D007564:Japan; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D010571:Pest Control; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000073739:Strobilurins; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008689:Methacrylates; D010648:Phenylacetates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000073739:Strobilurins; C469328:kresoxim-methyl; C087670:azoxystrobin