Mesenchymal stem cells in arthritis: role of bone marrow microenvironment.
Based on their capacity to suppress immune responses, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are intensively studied for regenerative medicine. Moreover, MSCs are potent immunomodulatory cells that occur through the secretion of soluble mediators including nitric oxide, transforming growth factor beta, and HLAG5. The MSCs, however, are also able to express inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 or IL-6. MSCs in the bone marrow are in close contact with T cells and B cells, and they regulate immunological memory by organizing defined numbers of dedicated survival niches for plasma cells and memory T cells in the bone marrow. The role of MSCs in arthritis remains controversial - in some studies, murine allogeneic MSCs are able to decrease arthritis; in other studies, MSCs worsen the local inflammation. A recent paper in Arthritis Research and Therapy shows that bone marrow MSCs have decreased osteoblastic potential in rheumatoid arthritis, which may be related to chronic inflammation or to loss of expression of IL-1 receptor agonist. That article raises the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment for MSC biology.
Jorgensen
Christian
C
D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000276:immunology*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(4):R149
20649960
Blood. 2005 Sep 1;106(5):1755-61
15905186
Immunity. 2009 May;30(5):721-30
19427242
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003 Nov;11(11):790-800
14609532
Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jan;44(1):85-95
11212180
Exp Cell Res. 2006 Jul 15;312(12):2169-79
16631737
Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(6):R1304-15
16277684
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002 Jun;2(4):309-20
15758422
Regen Med. 2006 Jul;1(4):529-37
17465847
Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Apr;56(4):1175-86
17393437
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 14;103(46):17438-43
17088535
Exp Cell Res. 2008 Apr 15;314(7):1575-84
18325494
Arthritis Rheum. 2005 May;52(5):1595-603
15880818
Scand J Immunol. 2003 Jan;57(1):11-20
12542793