title: Effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on prostaglandin E₂ production by Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis biofilms.
abstract: Arachidonic acid (AA) is released from infected host cells during Candida albicans infection and may serve as carbon source for yeast growth and as precursor for the production of biologically active eicosanoids, such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) by C. albicans. However, the mechanism involved in this production is still unclear. Therefore, it was of interest to investigate the effect of different arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitors on PGE₂ production by biofilms of C. albicans and the closely related C. dubliniensis. This was done by growing Candida biofilms in the presence of AA as well as cytochrome P450 (CYP), multicopper oxidase, cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase inhibitors. The concentration of PGE₂ was determined by a monoclonal PGE₂ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and verified with LCMS/MS. The results obtained indicate the ability of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis biofilms to produce PGE₂ from exogenous AA. The use of different inhibitors suggested that CYPs and multicopper oxidases are involved in PGE₂ production by these Candida biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ruan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ells
authors.forename: Johan L F
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kock
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albertyn
authors.forename: Gabré
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Carolina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pohl
mesh_terms: D001091:Arachidonate Lipoxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D001091:Arachidonate Lipoxygenases; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C024748:copper oxidase; D015232:Dinoprostone
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