title: Studies on the phenolic profiling, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity of Indian honey: in vitro evaluation.
abstract: Commercial honey types were screened for phenolic profile and anti-oxidant capacity. Phenolic profiling was done using high performance liquid chromatography, which was further corroborated with electro spray ionisation-mass spectroscopy. Dihydroxy benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid were the major phenolic constituents found in the honey samples. The anti-oxidant content and free-radical scavenging effect of honey were established using various assays. Total anti-oxidant potential and free-radical scavenging ability varied among the honey varieties and exhibited significant correlation with their phenolic content. Further, honey samples with richly abundant phenolic content were found to limit oxidant-induced cell death more effectively. Cytotoxic studies of a selected sample on a breast cancer cell displayed growth inhibition, depending on the concentration used. Cell cycle analysis indicated increasing accumulation of cells at the sub-G(1) phase. These results summarise the phenolic profile and anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potential of Indian honey samples for the first time.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Saravana Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jaganathan
authors.forename: Santi Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: Saikat Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Mahitosh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandal
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl