title: Methods for large-scale production of AM fungi: past, present, and future.
abstract: Many different cultivation techniques and inoculum products of the plant-beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been developed in the last decades. Soil- and substrate-based production techniques as well as substrate-free culture techniques (hydroponics and aeroponics) and in vitro cultivation methods have all been attempted for the large-scale production of AM fungi. In this review, we describe the principal in vivo and in vitro production methods that have been developed so far. We present the parameters that are critical for optimal production, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods, and highlight their most probable sectors of application.
authors.affiliation: Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 3, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ijdo
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cranenbrouck
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Declerck
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*
references.citation: New Phytol. 2009;183(4):1176-1187
references.pmid: 19496945
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004 Apr 1;48(1):1-13
references.pmid: 19712426
references.citation: Biotechnol Lett. 2006 Jul;28(14):1071-6
references.pmid: 16802104
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jul;69(7):4308-11
references.pmid: 12839820
references.citation: J Gen Microbiol. 1962 Mar;27:509-20
references.pmid: 14476553
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 1998 Feb;7(5):237-42
references.pmid: 24578048
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 2002 Aug;12(4):181-4
references.pmid: 12189472
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Jul 1;248(1):111-8
references.pmid: 15941625
references.citation: New Phytol. 2010 Jul;187(2):461-474
references.pmid: 20456046
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 2002 Dec;12(6):297-301
references.pmid: 12466917
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2001 Jan;42(2):185-92
references.pmid: 11237297
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 2005 Nov;15(7):533-7
references.pmid: 15815921
references.citation: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2001 Nov;21(2):190-7
references.pmid: 11697915
references.citation: New Phytol. 2009;183(1):212-223
references.pmid: 19368665
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Feb;54(2):353-7
references.pmid: 16347548
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1976 Mar;57(3):344-6
references.pmid: 16659479
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 2002 Aug;12(4):163-7
references.pmid: 12189469
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2009 Jun 17;9:73
references.pmid: 19534785
references.citation: Ecol Lett. 2006 May;9(5):501-15
references.pmid: 16643296
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 2005 Nov;15(7):483-8
references.pmid: 15830211
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2006 Apr;97(6):809-18
references.pmid: 15990288
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2001 Jun;14(6):695-700
references.pmid: 11386364
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2010 Apr;72(1):114-22
references.pmid: 20459515
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 1999 Apr 20;63(2):224-32
references.pmid: 10099599
references.citation: Mycorrhiza. 2009 Jun;19(5):347-356
references.pmid: 19242734
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2006 Nov;8(11):1926-34
references.pmid: 17014492
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2320-5
references.pmid: 16348012
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Feb;56(2):413-8
references.pmid: 16348115
references.citation: New Phytol. 2005 Jun;166(3):981-92
references.pmid: 15869657