title: Responses of periodontal ligament stem cells on various titanium surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontal ligament has been reported to have adult stem cells (PDLSCs) which are responsible to regenerate the alveolar bone tissue after tooth is removed from its socket. Also PDLSCs may be the stem cells responsible for the osseointegration of titanium implants after installing the implant immediately in the fresh extracted socket. Here we tested cellular responses of PDLSCs on the various titanium surfaces to verify this notion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium disc were prepared for the different surface textures; smooth machined, blasted with 75 and 125 μm Al(2) O(3) particles, and anodized. PDLSCs were cultured on these titanium discs and tested their proliferation and gene expressions of osteocalcin, osteopontin, type I collagen, and GAPDH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proliferation of PDLSCs was higher on the rough surface blasted with 75 μm Al(2) O(3) particles. Osteocalcin expression was increased on the Al(2) O(3) particle treated-surface regardless of its particle size. Type I collagen expression was generally decreased with time in 6 days culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this experiment, it was shown that cultured PDLSCs proliferate in higher rate on the rough surface especially at the 75 μm Al(2) O(3) particle treated surface than other surfaces. Also, osteocalcin was highly expressed on the rough surfaces treated with 75 μm and 125 μm Al(2) O(3) particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesely, USA.
authors.forename: Y-Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: S-K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005260:Female; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry; D008027:Light; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D024042:Collagen Type I; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D014025:Titanium; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D000537:Aluminum Oxide