title: Prognostic relevance of Bmi-1 expression and autoantibodies in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overexpression of Bmi-1 has been observed in a variety of cancers, and it has been suggested to be an independent prognostic marker for the patients. The objective of this study was to determine the level of Bmi-1 expression or its autoantibodies in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to correlate it with clinicopathologic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first examined Bmi-1 expression in ESCC cell lines and tumor samples by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We then analyzed Bmi-1 protein expression in 171 clinicopathologically characterized ESCC cases by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we detected its autoantibodies in sera of patients with ESCC by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that Bmi-1 expression was higher in the immortalized cells, cancer cell lines and most cancer tissue than in non-tumorous control tissue at both mRNA and protein level. In addition, Bmi-1 expression was observed in 64.3% (110 of 171) archive ESCC specimen by immunohistochemistry analysis, and the location of Bmi-1 in ESCC was in the nuclei instead of cytoplasm of tumor cells. There was a significant difference of Bmi-1 expression in patients categorized according to stage (P = 0.003) and pN classification (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis suggested that Bmi-1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for ESCC patients. A prognostic significance of Bmi-1 was also found in the subgroup of T3~T4 and N1 tumor classification. Bmi-1 autoantibodies were detected in sera of 39.0% (62 of 159) ESCC patients. The correlations between anti-Bmi-1 antibodies and tumor stage (P = 0.040), or lymph node status (P < 0.001) were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that Bmi-1 protein is a valuable marker of ESCC progression. The presence of Bmi-1 autoantibodies in sera from patients with ESCC may have clinical utility in esophageal cancer diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University cancer center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wan-li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xian-zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lan-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yu-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing-li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Li-hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Man-zhi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-bing
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Mu-sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C069077:BMI1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
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