title: Plasma YKL-40 and total and disease-specific mortality in the general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased plasma YKL-40 is associated with short-term survival in patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer. We tested the hypothesis that increased plasma YKL-40 is associated with total and disease-specific mortality in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured plasma YKL-40 in 8899 study participants, aged 20-95 years, in the Copenhagen City Heart Study from the Danish general population who were followed for 16 years: 3059 died, 2158 had ischemic cardiovascular disease, 2271 had cancer, and 2820 had other diseases associated with increased YKL-40. Hazard ratios for early death and absolute 10-year mortality rates were calculated according to plasma YKL-40 percentile groupings computed within sex and age decade: 0%-33%, 34%-66%, 67%-90%, 91%-95%, and 96%-100%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival age decreased from 83 years for participants with plasma YKL-40 in category 0%-33% to 69 years in category 96%-100% (trend, P < 0.0001). Risk of early death was increased (multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios) by 10% for YKL-40 category 34%-66%, by 30% for 67%-90%, by 70% for 91%-95%, and by 90% for 96%-100% vs YKL-40 category 0%-33% (trend, P < 0.0001). Corresponding increases in participants with ischemic cardiovascular disease were 10%, 20%, 80%, and 60% (P < 0.0001); in those with cancer were 10%, 20%, 50%, and 70% (P < 0.0001); and in those with other diseases were 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% (P < 0.0001). Highest absolute 10-year mortality rates were 78% and 90% in women and men, respectively, who were >70 years old, smoked, and were in YKL-40 category 96%-100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased plasma YKL-40 is associated with risk of early death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other diseases in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark. julia.johansen@post3.tele.dk
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Stig E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bojesen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tybjaerg-Hansen
authors.forename: Anne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mylin
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Børge G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins