Hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism mediate thyroid regulation of energy balance.
Thyroid hormones have widespread cellular effects; however it is unclear whether their effects on the central nervous system (CNS) contribute to global energy balance. Here we demonstrate that either whole-body hyperthyroidism or central administration of triiodothyronine (T3) decreases the activity of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increases sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and upregulates thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Inhibition of the lipogenic pathway in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) prevents CNS-mediated activation of BAT by thyroid hormone and reverses the weight loss associated with hyperthyroidism. Similarly, inhibition of thyroid hormone receptors in the VMH reverses the weight loss associated with hyperthyroidism. This regulatory mechanism depends on AMPK inactivation, as genetic inhibition of this enzyme in the VMH of euthyroid rats induces feeding-independent weight loss and increases expression of thermogenic markers in BAT. These effects are reversed by pharmacological blockade of the SNS. Thus, thyroid hormone-induced modulation of AMPK activity and lipid metabolism in the hypothalamus is a major regulator of whole-body energy homeostasis.
López
Miguel
M
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. m.lopez@usc.es
Varela
Luis
L
Vázquez
María J
MJ
Rodríguez-Cuenca
Sergio
S
González
Carmen R
CR
Velagapudi
Vidya R
VR
Morgan
Donald A
DA
Schoenmakers
Erik
E
Agassandian
Khristofor
K
Lage
Ricardo
R
Martínez de Morentin
Pablo Blanco
PB
Tovar
Sulay
S
Nogueiras
Rubén
R
Carling
David
D
Lelliott
Christopher
C
Gallego
Rosalía
R
Oresic
Matej
M
Chatterjee
Krishna
K
Saha
Asish K
AK
Rahmouni
Kamal
K
Diéguez
Carlos
C
Vidal-Puig
Antonio
A
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D002569:Cerulenin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054872:Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000209:etiology; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000201:enzymology*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
C515197:AGRP protein, rat; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D054872:Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002569:Cerulenin; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D013974:Thyroxine
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