title: Flapless immediate implant placement with or without immediate loading: a histomorphometric study in beagle dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the osseointegration process after flapless immediate implant placement with or without immediate loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out on six beagle dogs. Four implants were placed in the lower jaw (two per side) in each dog immediately after tooth extraction (3rd and 4th premolars). Flapless immediate implant placement was performed in one hemimandible (control). The same procedure was carried out in the contra-lateral side and immediate prosthesis was connected with occlusal contacts (test). After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed for histomorphometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve implants were placed in each group. None of the implants and prosthesis was lost. The percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC %) was similar in both groups: 82.72% (test) and 76.96% (control). Differences were found neither in the inter-thread bone area (test: 83.45%, control: 80.65%) nor in peri-implant bone area (test: 94.37%, control: 94.81%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this animal model where the implants were well within the confines of the extraction socket, osseointegration following flapless immediate implant placement and loading can be achieved in the same manner as immediate placement without loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. jblanco@blancoramos.net
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liñares
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Villaverde
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D004285:Dogs; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*