title: A tale of two obesCities: the role of municipal governance in reducing childhood obesity in New York City and London.
abstract: As rates of childhood obesity and overweight rise around the world, researchers and policy makers seek new ways to reverse these trends. Given the concentration of the world's population, income inequalities, unhealthy diets, and patterns of physical activity in cities, urban areas bear a disproportionate burden of obesity. To address these issues, in 2008, researchers from the City University of New York and London Metropolitan University created the Municipal Responses to Childhood Obesity Collaborative. The Collaborative examined three questions: What role has city government played in responding to childhood obesity in each jurisdiction? How have municipal governance structures in each city influenced its capacity to respond effectively? How can policy and programmatic interventions to reduce childhood obesity also reduce the growing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequities in its prevalence? Based on a review of existing initiatives in London and New York City, the Collaborative recommended 11 broad strategies by which each city could reduce childhood obesity. These recommendations were selected because they can be enacted at the municipal level; will reduce socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequalities in obesity; are either well supported by research or are already being implemented in one city, demonstrating their feasibility; build on existing city assets; and are both green and healthy.
authors.affiliation: Hunter College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. nfreuden@hunter.cuny.edu
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freudenberg
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Libman
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population
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