Redox-modulatory vitamins and minerals that prospectively predict mortality in older British people: the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over.
The predictive power, for total, vascular, cancer and respiratory mortality, of selected redox-modulatory (vitamin and mineral nutrient) indices measured at baseline, was studied in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (community-living subset) of people aged 65 years and over. Mortality status and its primary and underlying causes were recorded for 1054 (mean age 76·6 (sd 7·4) years and 49·0 % female) participants, from the baseline survey in 1994–5 until September 2008. During this interval, 74 % of the male and 62 % of the female participants died. Total mortality was significantly predicted by baseline plasma concentrations (per sd) of vitamin C (hazard ratio (HR) 0·81; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·88), α-carotene (HR 0·90; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·99), Se (HR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·84), Zn (HR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·87), Cu (HR 1·27; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·42) and Fe (HR 0·81; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·89). Total mortality was also significantly predicted by baseline dietary intakes (per sd) of food energy (HR 0·86; 95 % CI 0·79, 0·94), vitamin C (HR 0·88; 95 % CI 0·80, 0·94), carotenoids (HR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·96), Zn (HR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·96) and Cu (HR 0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00). Prediction patterns and significance for primary vascular, cancer and respiratory mortality differed in certain respects, but not fundamentally. Model adjustment for known disease or mortality risk predictors resulted in loss of significance for some of the indices; however, plasma Se and Zn, and food energy remained significant predictors. We conclude that total and primary vascular, cancer and respiratory mortality in older British people of both sexes is predicted by several biochemical indices of redox-modulatory nutrients, some of which may reflect the respondents' acute-phase status at baseline, whereas others may reflect the healthiness of their lifestyle.
Bates
Christopher J
CJ
MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. chris.bates@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk
Hamer
Mark
M
Mishra
Gita D
GD
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002423:Cause of Death; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012015:Reference Standards; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006113:United Kingdom; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018977:Micronutrients; D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins
JAMA. 2005 Apr 6;293(13):1609-16
15811980
Lancet. 1997 Dec 6;350(9092):1666-9
9400511
Free Radic Res. 1996 Jul;25(1):57-74
8814444
Epidemiology. 1992 May;3(3):194-202
1591317
Annu Rev Nutr. 2004;24:255-75
15189121
J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1509S-11S
10801967
J Nutr. 2007 May;137(5):1345-9
17449604
PLoS Med. 2008 Jan 8;5(1):e12
18184033
Nutr Res Rev. 2002 Jun;15(1):19-42
19087397
Nutr Rev. 2007 May;65(5):181-217
17566547
J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Jun;20(3):255-63
11444422
J Nutr. 2008 Feb;138(2):344-50
18203902
BMJ. 1995 Jun 17;310(6994):1563-6
7787644
Br J Nutr. 2007 Sep;98(3):593-9
17442130
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Dec 15;142(12):1269-78
7503047
FASEB J. 2001 Nov;15(13):2314-25
11689457
JAMA. 2007 Feb 28;297(8):842-57
17327526
Lancet. 2001 Mar 3;357(9257):657-63
11247548
Clin Chem. 2005 Nov;51(11):2117-23
16123147
Nature. 1998 Apr 9;392(6676):559
9560150
Arch Intern Med. 2008 Feb 25;168(4):404-10
18299496
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Nov;78(5):999-1010
14594788
Br J Nutr. 2007 Jun;97(6):1138-43
17367569
Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2002 Mar-Apr;11(2):101-7
11872968
Free Radic Biol Med. 1990;8(3):281-91
2187766
Lancet. 2003 Jun 14;361(9374):2017-23
12814711
Lancet. 2000 Jul 15;356(9225):233-41
10963212
Br J Nutr. 2008 Aug;100(2):254-68
18346308
J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1):172-6
16365078
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jul;72(1):139-45
10871572
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2002;16(1):1-8
11878747
BMJ. 2009 Jan 08;338:a3083
19131384
Int J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr;29(2):260-5
10817122
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Feb;50(2):107-14
8641246
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan;79(1):80-5
14684401
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;82(4):879-86
16210720
Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Sep 1;144(5):501-11
8781466
Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Feb;45(2):462-8
3812345