title: Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France in 2007: data from the pneumococcus surveillance network.
abstract: Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France is closely monitored by the pneumococcus surveillance network, founded in 1995, which collects data from regional observatories (Observatoire Régionaux du Pneumocoque [ORP]). In 2007, 23 ORPs analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility of 5,302 isolates of S. pneumoniae recovered in France from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, middle ear fluid, and pleural fluid, as well as from adult respiratory samples. The study showed that 38.2% of the strains were nonsusceptible to penicillin, 19.3% nonsusceptible to amoxicillin, and 10.5% nonsusceptible to cefotaxime. The percentage of pneumococcus nonsusceptible to penicillin varied according to both the sample and the age of the patient (child/adult): blood (27.8%/32.5%), cerebrospinal fluid (33.7%/34.6%), middle ear fluid (60.2%/27.5%), and pleural fluid (50.0%/31.0%). Between 2003 and 2007, the frequency of penicillin resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease gradually decreased from 46.4% to 29.0% in children and from 43.8% to 32.7% in adults. This decrease coincided with the introduction of a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into immunization programs and with a general reduction in levels of antibiotic consumption in France.
authors.affiliation: Observatoire Régional du Pneumocoque (ORP) Pays de Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Angers, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baraduc
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonnabau
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chabanon
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chardon
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croizé
authors.forename: Marie Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Demachy
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Donnio
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fosse
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gibel
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gravet
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grignon
authors.forename: Tahar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadou
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamdad
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Joly-Guillou
authors.forename: Jean Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Koeck
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maugein
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Péchinot
authors.forename: Marie-Cecile
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ploy
authors.forename: Josette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roussel-Delvallez
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segonds
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vergnaud
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vernet-Garnier
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lepoutre
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varon
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanotte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines