title: Psychometric evaluation of the Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale in adult outpatients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: The inability to experience pleasure, anhedonia, is recognized as a hallmark symptom of depression. An instrument developed for the assessment of hedonic capacity is the 14-item, self-report, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), but its psychometric properties have not been adequately evaluated. This study examined the reliability and validity of the SHAPS using a large sample of adult outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Data for this study were obtained from 461 adult outpatients with a diagnosis of MDD who participated in Implementation of Algorithms using Computerized Treatment Systems Project. Internal consistency of the SHAPS was assessed using the Cronbach's coefficient α. A principal factor analysis was used to define the dimensionality of the SHAPS. Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed by evaluating the Pearson correlations between the SHAPS total score and the pleasure/enjoyment item of the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Clinician-rating (IDS-C30); Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction Questionnaire; 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; IDS-C30; 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; and 10-item clinician-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, respectively. The internal consistency of the SHAPS was 0.91. A one-factor solution emerged for the SHAPS (eigen-values of the first two initial factors were 5.95 and 0.43, respectively). Pearson correlations revealed a positive linear relationship between the SHAPS total score and the total scores on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (r=0.49, P<0.0001), IDS-C30 (r=0.56, P<0.0001), 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (r=0.55, P<0.0001), and 10-item clinician-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (r=0.53, P<0.0001). The SHAPS total score was negatively correlated with the Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction Questionnaire (r=-0.65, P<0.0001). This study shows that the SHAPS is a reliable, valid, and unidimensional instrument used to assess the hedonic capacity in adult outpatients with MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8828, USA. paul.nakonezny@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nakonezny
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carmody
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Benji T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kurian
authors.forename: Madhukar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Trivedi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D057181:Pleasure; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Sep 1;54(5):573-83
references.pmid: 12946886
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1996 May;26(3):477-86
references.pmid: 8733206
references.citation: Contemp Clin Trials. 2007 Feb;28(2):192-212
references.pmid: 16997636
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2007 Apr;99(1-3):83-9
references.pmid: 16996138
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2004 Jan;34(1):73-82
references.pmid: 14971628
references.citation: J Neurol Sci. 2006 Oct 25;248(1-2):266-70
references.pmid: 16814808
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1979 Apr;134:382-9
references.pmid: 444788
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1993 Nov;23(4):957-66
references.pmid: 8134519
references.citation: Psychopharmacol Bull. 1993;29(2):321-6
references.pmid: 8290681
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2009 Jan 30;165(1-2):193-6
references.pmid: 18973955
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Jul;167(1):99-103
references.pmid: 7551619
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 2006 Dec;62(12):1545-58
references.pmid: 17019674
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960 Feb;23:56-62
references.pmid: 14399272
references.citation: Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Nov;17(6):281-5
references.pmid: 12409681
references.citation: Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995 Sep;10(3):157-61
references.pmid: 8675968
references.citation: Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1998 Sep;66(9):407-13
references.pmid: 9782420
references.citation: Encephale. 1997 Nov-Dec;23(6):454-8
references.pmid: 9488929
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 1967 Jan;23(1):94-6
references.pmid: 6031042