title: It takes two: using coleaders to champion improvements in small primary care practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Making the kind of improvement changes necessary to move toward a patient-centered medical home will continue to challenge small, independent primary care practices. Here we describe further analysis of a successful program to understand the roles of coleaders of a change management process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through an improvement collaborative we trained 2 coleaders (a physician and a non-physician) from 16 small primary care practices to institute depression care improvements. These coleaders participated in 3 learning sessions that provided depression care content as well as skills to implement a change management strategy. Qualitative data were collected by observation during the learning sessions and through in-depth interviews conducted at baseline, between each learning session, at the end of the project, 6 months after the project ended, and, finally, 26 months after the project's end.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interview results with the coleaders affirmed that a team approach is a viable strategy for practice improvement. The 2 coleaders used their complementary skills, relationships, and credibility among the practice staff to implement and sustain practice improvements. In their differing roles, they varied in how they perceived barriers to change and how they assessed their team's progress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Involving both a physician and a non-physician as coleaders enables improvement teams in small primary care practices to make progress both in the clinical content of their work and in the critical change management activities involved with creating a team, managing meetings, and coordinating work between meetings. Using a coleader structure enriches the improvement process, broadens participation in the change process, and helps to sustain these efforts over time.
authors.affiliation: Center forResearch Strategies, Denver, CO 80203, USA. Kaia.gallagher@crsllc.org
authors.forename: Kaia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nutting
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Nease
authors.forename: Deborah G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.forename: W Perry
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Main
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*