title: Cytokine dysregulation in early- and late-term placentas from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experimental infection of cats with FIV-B-2542 produces high rates of fetal infection and reproductive failure. We hypothesized that dysregulation of placental cytokine expression occurs in FIV-infected queens, and aberrant expression potentiates inflammation and impacts pregnancy outcome. Our purpose was to quantify expression of representative pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12p35, and IL-1β), IL-10 (anti-inflammatory), and the chemokine SDF-1α in early- and late-term placental tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to measure gene expression in placental tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased expression of IL-6 and IL-12p35 and decreased expression of IL-10 occurred in FIV-infected tissues at early pregnancy; at late gestation, IL-6 expression increased and IL-1β and SDF-1α decreased. At late pregnancy, IL-6 expression positively correlated with FIV load. IL-12:IL-10 ratios were higher in infected tissues at early, but not late pregnancy. Fetal non-viability accompanied decreased IL-12p35 and SDF-1α expression at both stages and decreased IL-12:IL-10 ratio at late pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FIV infection caused a pro-inflammatory placental microenvironment at early, but not late pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Veronica L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Crystal E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Boudreaux
authors.forename: Nikki N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Lockett
authors.forename: Brittany T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Coats
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016181:Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000276:immunology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007249:Inflammation; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
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