title: Gradient compression garments as a countermeasure to post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance affects approximately 30% of short-duration and 80% of long-duration crewmembers. While the current NASA antigravity suit is effective during Space Shuttle re-entry, it is not designed to be worn postflight and has several drawbacks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of commercially available, thigh-high, gradient compression garments to prevent post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before spaceflight, five male Shuttle astronauts were fitted for compression garments. Postflight stand time, blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance during 10-min, 80 degrees head-up tilt test within 4 h of landing in these astronauts were retrospectively compared to a group of nine male astronauts not wearing the compression garments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On landing day, three of nine non-countermeasure astronauts developed presyncopal symptoms and could not complete the test, while no countermeasure subjects became presyncopal. Compared to the non-countermeasure subjects, the countermeasure subjects had higher systolic blood pressure (116 +/- 3 vs. 134 +/- 2 mmHg), stroke volume (42 +/- 5 vs. 57 +/- 6 ml), and cardiac output (3.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.4 L). Heart rate was not different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small pilot study, the rate of presyncope in the non-countermeasure group was similar to that reported previously in subjects without a compression garment. In contrast, thigh-high graded compression garments mitigated the symptoms of orthostatic intolerance by improving stroke volume, cardiac output, and systolic blood pressure responses to standing.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Science and Engineering Group, NASA/Johnson Space Center, 1290 Hercules Drive, Houston, TX 77058, USA. michael.b.stenger@nasa.gov
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stenger
authors.forename: Angela K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Stuart M C
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Platts
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D048228:Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054971:Orthostatic Intolerance / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013026:Space Flight