Vascular effects of ultrafine particles in persons with type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes confers an increased risk for cardiovascular effects of airborne particles.


OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that inhalation of elemental carbon ultrafine particles (UFP) would activate blood platelets and vascular endothelium in people with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes inhaled filtered air or 50 µg/m³ elemental carbon UFP (count median diameter, 32 nm) by mouthpiece for 2 hr at rest. We repeatedly measured markers of vascular activation, coagulation, and systemic inflammation before and after exposure.


RESULTS
Compared with air, particle exposure increased platelet expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and the number of platelet-leukocyte conjugates 3.5 hr after exposure. Soluble CD40L decreased with UFP exposure. Plasma von Willebrand factor increased immediately after exposure. There were no effects of particles on plasma tissue factor, coagulation factors VII or IX, or D-dimer.


CONCLUSIONS
Inhalation of elemental carbon UFP for 2-hr transiently activated platelets, and possibly the vascular endothelium, in people with type 2 diabetes.
Stewart
Judith C
JC
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
Chalupa
David C
DC
Devlin
Robert B
RB
Frasier
Lauren M
LM
Huang
Li-Shan
LS
Little
Erika L
EL
Lee
Steven M
SM
Phipps
Richard P
RP
Pietropaoli
Anthony P
AP
Taubman
Mark B
MB
Utell
Mark J
MJ
Frampton
Mark W
MW
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood; D002244:Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D003029:Coagulants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012737:Sex Factors; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D055815:Young Adult; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
D000393:Air Pollutants; D003029:Coagulants; D019007:P-Selectin; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002244:Carbon
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