title: Activation of voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 channels by anticonvulsant retigabine attenuates mechanical allodynia of inflammatory temporomandibular joint in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by persistent orofacial pain and have diverse etiologic factors that are not well understood. It is thought that central sensitization leads to neuronal hyperexcitability and contributes to hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the first choice of drug to relieve TMD pain. NSAIDS were shown to exhibit anticonvulsant properties and suppress cortical neuron activities by enhancing neuronal voltage-gated potassium KCNQ/Kv7 channels (M-current), suggesting that specific activation of M-current might be beneficial for TMD pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we selected a new anticonvulsant drug retigabine that specifically activates M-current, and investigated the effect of retigabine on inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. The results show that the head withdrawal threshold for escape from mechanical stimulation applied to facial skin over the TMJ in inflamed rats was significantly lower than that in control rats. Administration of centrally acting M-channel opener retigabine (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) can dose-dependently raise the head withdrawal threshold of mechanical allodynia, and this analgesic effect can be reversed by the specific KCNQ channel blocker XE991 (3 mg/kg). Food intake is known to be negatively associated with TMJ inflammation. Food intake was increased significantly by the administration of retigabine (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg), and this effect was reversed by XE991 (3 mg/kg). Furthermore, intracerebralventricular injection of retigabine further confirmed the analgesic effect of central retigabine on inflammatory TMJ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that central sensitization is involved in inflammatory TMJ pain and pharmacological intervention for controlling central hyperexcitability by activation of neuronal KCNQ/M-channels may have therapeutic potential for TMDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yeping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects*; D051656:KCNQ Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C112297:10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone; D000873:Anthracenes; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002219:Carbamates; D051656:KCNQ Potassium Channels; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C101866:ezogabine; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant
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