title: [Plasma antioxidant activity--a test for impaired biological functions of endoecology, exotrophy, and inflammation reactions].
abstract: The authors discuss the diagnostic value of a test for total serum antioxidant activity determined by an electrochemistry method on a liquid chromatograph (without a column), by using an amperometric detector, as well as the composition of the endogenously synthesized hydrophilic and hydrophobic acceptors of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Uric acid is a major hydrophilic acceptor of ROS; monoenic oleic fatty acid acts as its major lipophilic acceptor. The constant determined by the authors for of 03 oleic acid oxidation during automatic titration in the organic medium is an order of magnitude higher than that for alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and linoleic fatty acid; its concentration is also an order of magnitude higher. In oxidative stress, the adrenal steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone initiates oleic acid synthesis via expression of palmitoyl elongase and steatoryl desaturase. In early steps of phylogenesis in primates, spontaneous mutation resulted in ascorbic acid synthesis gene knockout; phylogenetically, further other mutation knocked out the gene encoding the synthesis of uricase and the conversion of uric acid to alantoin. In primates, uric acid became not only a catabolite of purine bases in vivo, but also the major endogenous hydrophilic acceptor of ROS. This philogenetic order makes it clear why the epithelium in the proximal nephron tubule entirely reabsorbs uric acid (a catabolite?) from primary urine and then secretes it again to urine depending on the impairment of biological functions of endoecology (the intercellular medium being contaminated with biological rubbish), the activation of a biological inflammatory reaction, the cellular production of ROS, and the reduction in serum total antioxidant activity. With each biological reaction, there was an increase in the blood content of uric acid as a hydrophilic acceptor of ROS, by actively lowering its secretion into urine. Uric acid is a diagnostic test of inflammation, or rather compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome.
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Titov
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Krylin
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Dmitriev
authors.forename: Ia I
authors.initials: IaI
authors.lastname: Iashin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010949:Plasma; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014527:Uric Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid