title: Utilizing spatiotemporal analysis of influenza-like illness and rapid tests to focus swine-origin influenza virus intervention.
abstract: In the spring of 2009, a novel strain of H1N1 swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) emerged in Mexico and the United States, and soon after was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This work examined the ability of real-time reports of influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms and rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) to approximate the spatiotemporal distribution of PCR-confirmed S-OIV cases for the purposes of focusing local intervention efforts. Cluster and age adjusted relative risk patterns of ILI, RIDT, and S-OIV were assessed at a fine spatial scale at different time and space extents within Cameron County, Texas on the US-Mexico border. Space-time patterns of ILI and RIDT were found to effectively characterize the areas with highest geographical risk of S-OIV within the first two weeks of the outbreak. Based on these results, ILI and/or RIDT may prove to be acceptable indicators of the location of S-OIV hotspots. Given that S-OIV data is often difficult to obtain real-time during an outbreak; these findings may be of use to public health officials targeting prevention and response efforts during future flu outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA. jeff.wilson@utb.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaines Wilson
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ballou
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fisher-Hoch
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reininger
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calvillo
authors.forename: Leonel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Ionara P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Delima
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000941:Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014481:United States; D058067:Wavelet Analysis
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens
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