title: Mitochondrial dysfunction of platelets stored in first- and second-generation containers is, in part, associated with elevated carbon dioxide levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gas permeability of platelet (PLT) storage bags influences the retention of in vitro PLT parameters during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate mitochondrial function of PLTs stored in first- and second-generation bags with different gas permeabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identical whole blood-derived PLT concentrates were stored in second-generation CLX (Pall Corp.) and first-generation PL146 (Baxter Healthcare Corp.) bags (n = 12). PLTs were assayed for standard in vitro PLT assays as well as for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), accumulation of reactive oxygen species, Annexin V binding, mitochondrial mass, and activity of mitochondrial reduction power on Days 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Results were analyzed by paired t test and by multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With PLTs stored in PL146 bags that underwent large pH declines, there was greater superoxide production, greater peroxide accumulation, and greater mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Superoxide anion generation was correlated with higher levels of carbon dioxide (p = 0.0001) and lower oxygen levels (p = 0.0064; multiple regression R(2) = 0.9204). Changes in MMP were correlated with higher levels of carbon dioxide (p = 0.0288) and PLT activation (p = 0.0178; multiple regression R(2) = 0.9511).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged periods of elevated carbon dioxide levels, potentially coupled with other factors, is associated with PLT mitochondria dysfunction and poor pH control during storage.
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Biomedical Services and Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland, USA. skripcha@usa.redcross.org
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skripchenko
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myrup
authors.forename: Dedeene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson-Montgomery
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Awatefe
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005740:Gases; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010539:Permeability; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D010969:Plastics; D015539:Platelet Activation; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000166:cytology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D005740:Gases; D010545:Peroxides; D010969:Plastics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002245:Carbon Dioxide