title: [New aspects of MRI for diagnostics of large vessel vasculitis and primary angiitis of the central nervous system].
abstract: Vasculitis is a rare disease and clinical symptoms are often unspecific. Accurate and early diagnosis is mandatory in order to prevent complications, such as loss of vision or stroke. Imaging techniques can contribute to establishing a definite diagnosis and to evaluate disease activity and the extent of the disease in various vascular regions. Conventional imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, as well as digital subtraction angiography allow the vessel lumen but not the vessel wall to be depicted. However, vasculitis is a disease which primarily affects the vessel wall, therefore conventional imaging modalities often fail to make a definite diagnosis. Recently black-blood high resolution MR in vivo imaging has been used to visualize cervical and intracranial vasculitis. This review article presents imaging protocols for intracranial and cervical black-blood MR imaging and clinical cases with large vessel vasculitis and vasculitis of the central nervous system. Furthermore the current literature, examples of the most common differential diagnoses of cervical and cranial arteriopathy and the potential of other imaging modalities, such as PET/CT and ultrasound will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland. tobias.saam@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habs
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cyran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfefferkorn
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schüller
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013625:Takayasu Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020293:Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurol. 2004 Jun;17(3):317-36
references.pmid: 15167068
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 May;48(5):537-41
references.pmid: 19233887
references.citation: Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;26(1):23-9
references.pmid: 18511868
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Oct;28(9):1722-7
references.pmid: 17885247
references.citation: Radiologe. 2010 Apr;50(4):355-65
references.pmid: 20221580
references.citation: Radiology. 2007 Jul;244(1):64-77
references.pmid: 17581895
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2009 Oct 27;11:41
references.pmid: 19860875
references.citation: Internist (Berl). 2009 Nov;50(11):1200-9
references.pmid: 19838657
references.citation: Clin Nucl Med. 2009 Nov;34(11):749-52
references.pmid: 19851167
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2009 Oct;50(10):1611-20
references.pmid: 19759117
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2009 Jun;66(6):704-9
references.pmid: 19506130
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):160-9
references.pmid: 12853590
references.citation: Eur Radiol. 2009 Sep;19(9):2255-60
references.pmid: 19396444
references.citation: Neuroradiology. 2007 Jun;49(6):471-9
references.pmid: 17345075
references.citation: Radiographics. 2004 May-Jun;24(3):773-86
references.pmid: 15143227
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005 Nov;22(5):628-33
references.pmid: 16215965
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Jan;46(1):6-15
references.pmid: 17043053
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):261-71
references.pmid: 12140303
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000 May;11(5):481-7
references.pmid: 10813857
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr;60(4):1193-200
references.pmid: 19333926
references.citation: Hum Pathol. 2008 Apr;39(4):514-26
references.pmid: 18294676
references.citation: Br J Radiol. 2010 Sep;83(993):e182-4
references.pmid: 20739338
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Aug;68(8):1369-70
references.pmid: 19605745
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Aug;24(2):423-7
references.pmid: 16791865
references.citation: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2009 Jan;21(1):19-28
references.pmid: 19077714
references.citation: Neurology. 2010 May 18;74(20):1651-3
references.pmid: 20479365
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2008 May;27(5):663-6
references.pmid: 18172573
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008 Sep;4(9):460-1
references.pmid: 18628728
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jan;25(1):234-9
references.pmid: 15528475
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1336-42
references.pmid: 9358127
references.citation: Pract Neurol. 2009 Oct;9(5):256-67
references.pmid: 19762885
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000 Apr;21(4):766-9
references.pmid: 10782793
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Jan;184(1):283-7
references.pmid: 15615989
references.citation: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008 Jan;20(1):29-34
references.pmid: 18281854
references.citation: Radiology. 2004 Dec;233(3):878-82
references.pmid: 15498898