title: Variation in quality of care indicators for diabetes in a national sample of veterans and non-veterans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Veterans have a disproportionately higher burden of type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether veterans with diabetes have better self-care behaviors or receive better quality of care than non-veterans. The objective was to examine differences in diabetes care between veterans and non-veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analysis was performed with respondents from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (n = 21,111 with diabetes). Veterans were those who reported U.S. military service and no longer on active duty. Self-care behaviors included daily fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity level, self-foot checks, and home glucose testing. Quality of care indicators included provider actions over the past 12 months (2+ office visits, 2+ glycosylated hemoglobin checks, 1+ foot exams, 1+ dilated eye exams, daily aspirin use, receiving flu or pneumonia vaccine). Multiple logistic regression using STATA version 10 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX) analyzed differences by veteran status on each quality indicator, controlling for sociodemographics and diabetes education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Veterans comprised 14.2% of the sample, and 12.4% had diabetes compared to 6.7% of non-veterans. In final adjusted models, veterans were significantly more likely to check their feet (odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.64), get a dilated eye exam (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11, 1.66), receive aspirin (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04, 1.65), get a flu shot (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09, 1.61), and ever get a pneumonia shot (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12, 1.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Veterans appear to have better self-care behaviors and receive better preventive care than non-veterans. However, future efforts need to focus on boosting self-care to improve diabetes outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Prevention and Health Interventions for Diverse Populations, Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-0593, USA. lynchcp@musc.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Joni L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Leonard E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Egede
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States; D014675:Vegetables; D058014:Veterans Health; D055815:Young Adult
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