title: Enzymatic control of anhydrobiosis-related accumulation of trehalose in the sleeping chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki.
abstract: Larvae of an anhydrobiotic insect, Polypedilum vanderplanki, accumulate very large amounts of trehalose as a compatible solute on desiccation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this accumulation are unclear. We therefore isolated the genes coding for trehalose metabolism enzymes, i.e. trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) for the synthesis step, and trehalase (TREH) for the degradation step. Although computational prediction indicated that the alternative splicing variants (PvTpsα/β) obtained encoded probable functional motifs consisting of a typical consensus domain of TPS and a conserved sequence of TPP, PvTpsα did not exert activity as TPP, but only as TPS. Instead, a distinct gene (PvTpp) obtained expressed TPP activity. Previous reports have suggested that insect TPS is, exceptionally, a bifunctional enzyme governing both TPS and TPP. In this article, we propose that TPS and TPP activities in insects can be attributed to discrete genes. The translated product of the TREH ortholog (PvTreh) certainly degraded trehalose to glucose. Trehalose was synthesized abundantly, consistent with increased activities of TPS and TPP and suppressed TREH activity. These results show that trehalose accumulation observed during anhydrobiosis induction in desiccating larvae can be attributed to the activation of the trehalose synthetic pathway and to the depression of trehalose hydrolysis.
authors.affiliation: Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsumasu
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cornette
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikawada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D003681:Dehydration / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014198:Trehalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C023180:trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; C023178:trehalose-phosphatase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D014198:Trehalase
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