title: Barrier removal in increasing physical activity levels in obese African American women with disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention to increase physical activity in obese African American women with mobility disabilities by targeting the removal of barriers to participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severely obese (mean body mass index [BMI] = 49.1 kg.m²) African American women (n = 33) with mobility disabilities completed a 6-month telephone-based physical activity coaching intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major environmental/facility barriers at preintervention were cost of the program (66.7%), lack of transportation (48.5%), not aware of fitness center in the area (45.5%), and lack of accessible facilities (45.5%). The major personal barriers were pain (63.6%), don't know how to exercise (45.5%), health concerns (39.4%), don't know where to exercise (39.4%), and lack of energy (36.4%). Despite only two personal barriers being significantly lower at posttest (don't know where to exercise and don't know how to exercise) (p < 0.01), total exercise time increased from < 6 minutes/day to 27 minutes/day at posttest (p < 0.001), and total physical activity time (structured exercise, leisure, indoor and outdoor household activity) increased from 26 minutes/day to 89 minutes/day at posttest (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions aimed at increasing physical activity participation among obese African American women with mobility disabilities should start with increasing their awareness/knowledge on where and how to exercise. Other reported barriers (e.g., cost, transportation, finding an accessible facility, health concerns, pain) may not be as critical to alter/remove as identifying where participants can exercise (i.e., home, outdoors, gym) and providing them with a variety of routines that can be performed safely in their desired setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608-6904, USA. jrimmer@uic.edu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rimmer
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Ben S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gray-Stanley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D016387:Women's Health