title: The neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, ezlopitant, reduces appetitive responding for sucrose and ethanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current obesity epidemic is thought to be partly driven by over-consumption of sugar-sweetened diets and soft drinks. Loss-of-control over eating and addiction to drugs of abuse share overlapping brain mechanisms including changes in motivational drive, such that stimuli that are often no longer 'liked' are still intensely 'wanted' [7], . The neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor system has been implicated in both learned appetitive behaviors and addiction to alcohol and opioids; however, its role in natural reward seeking remains unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We sought to determine whether the NK1-receptor system plays a role in the reinforcing properties of sucrose using a novel selective and clinically safe NK1-receptor antagonist, ezlopitant (CJ-11,974), in three animal models of sucrose consumption and seeking. Furthermore, we compared the effect of ezlopitant on ethanol consumption and seeking in rodents. The NK1-receptor antagonist, ezlopitant decreased appetitive responding for sucrose more potently than for ethanol using an operant self-administration protocol without affecting general locomotor activity. To further evaluate the selectivity of the NK1-receptor antagonist in decreasing consumption of sweetened solutions, we compared the effects of ezlopitant on water, saccharin-, and sodium chloride (NaCl) solution consumption. Ezlopitant decreased intake of saccharin but had no effect on water or salty solution consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that the NK1-receptor may be a part of a common pathway regulating the self-administration, motivational and reinforcing aspects of sweetened solutions, regardless of caloric value, and those of substances of abuse. Additionally, these results indicate that the NK1-receptor system may serve as a therapeutic target for obesity induced by over-consumption of natural reinforcers.
authors.affiliation: Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steensland
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: Carsten K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holgate
authors.forename: Jade J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bito-Onon
authors.forename: Selena E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012646:Self Administration; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; C413864:ezlopitant; D013395:Sucrose
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