title: The detection of glycosphingolipids in brain tissue sections by imaging mass spectrometry using gold nanoparticles.
abstract: Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic carbohydrate chain and a hydrophobic ceramide moiety. They appear to be involved primarily in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and signaling. To investigate the mechanism of brain function in more detail, a more highly sensitive method that would reveal the GSL distribution in the brain is required. In this report, we describe a simple and efficient method for mapping the distribution and localization of GSLs present in mouse brain sections using nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). We have developed and tested gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a new matrix to maximize the detection of GSLs. A matrix of AuNPs modified with alkylamine was used to detect various GSLs, such as minor molecular species of sulfatides and gangliosides, in mouse brain sections; these GSLs were hardly detected using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), which is the conventional matrix for GSLs. We achieved approximately 20 times more sensitive detection of GSLs using AuNPs compared to a DHB matrix. We believe that our new approach using AuNPs in IMS could lead to a new strategy for analyzing basic biological mechanisms and several diseases through the distribution of minor GSLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan. naoko.goto.inoue@gmail.com
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto-Inoue
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaima
authors.forename: Yukiyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005841:Gentisates / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D005841:Gentisates; D006046:Gold; C010925:2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
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