Human posterior parietal cortex plans where to reach and what to avoid.
In this time-resolved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we aimed to trace the neuronal correlates of covert planning processes that precede visually guided motor behavior. Specifically, we asked whether human posterior parietal cortex has prospective planning activity that can be distinguished from activity related to retrospective visual memory and attention. Although various electrophysiological studies in monkeys have demonstrated such motor planning at the level of parietal neurons, comparatively little support is provided by recent human imaging experiments. Rather, a majority of experiments highlights a role of human posterior parietal cortex in visual working memory and attention. We thus sought to establish a clear separation of visual memory and attention from processes related to the planning of goal-directed motor behaviors. To this end, we compared delayed-response tasks with identical mnemonic and attentional demands but varying degrees of motor planning. Subjects memorized multiple target locations, and in a random subset of trials targets additionally instructed (1) desired goals or (2) undesired goals for upcoming finger reaches. Compared with the memory/attention-only conditions, both latter situations led to a specific increase of preparatory fMRI activity in posterior parietal and dorsal premotor cortex. Thus, posterior parietal cortex has prospective plans for upcoming behaviors while considering both types of targets relevant for action: those to be acquired and those to be avoided.
Lindner
Axel
A
California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. a.lindner@medizin.uni-tuebingen.de
Iyer
Asha
A
Kagan
Igor
I
Andersen
Richard A
RA
D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):188-99
16928798
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002 Mar;3(3):201-15
11994752
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1980 Dec;109(4):444-74
6449531
Brain. 1988 Jun;111 ( Pt 3):643-74
3382915
J Neurophysiol. 1983 May;49(5):1268-84
6864250
J Neurophysiol. 1989 Feb;61(2):331-49
2918358
J Neurophysiol. 1992 Apr;67(4):1003-5
1588383
J Neurosci. 2006 May 10;26(19):5098-108
16687501
Exp Brain Res. 2006 Mar;169(3):338-49
16273397
Neuron. 2004 Aug 5;43(3):415-25
15294148
Cereb Cortex. 2005 Jul;15(7):1064-74
15563726
Neuron. 2005 Mar 3;45(5):801-14
15748854
J Neurosci. 2002 Oct 15;22(20):9024-34
12388609
Nature. 1997 Mar 13;386(6621):167-70
9062187
Exp Brain Res. 1997 Jan;113(1):144-52
9028783
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2002;25:189-220
12052908
Cereb Cortex. 2005 Oct;15(10):1561-9
15716470
J Neurophysiol. 2002 Oct;88(4):2047-57
12364527
Neuropsychologia. 1997 Sep;35(9):1261-73
9364496
Exp Brain Res. 2003 Nov;153(2):140-5
12955383
Neuroimage. 2002 Nov;17(3):1207-16
12414261
J Neurophysiol. 2002 Feb;87(2):1149-54
11826082
Exp Brain Res. 2003 Jun;150(3):276-89
12684730
J Neurophysiol. 1997 May;77(5):2252-67
9163356
Cereb Cortex. 2005 Sep;15(9):1281-9
15616130
Cortex. 2008 May;44(5):507-20
18387584
Science. 2000 Jun 2;288(5471):1656-60
10834847
Exp Brain Res. 1995;103(3):460-70
7789452
Behav Brain Res. 1982 Sep;6(1):57-77
7126325
Neuroimage. 2007;36 Suppl 2:T69-76
17499172
J Neurosci. 2006 Mar 8;26(10):2704-13
16525049
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Feb;91(2):873-89
14523078
Exp Brain Res. 1981;42(2):223-7
7262217
Nat Neurosci. 2002 Dec;5(12):1345-52
12411958
Trends Neurosci. 1992 Jan;15(1):20-5
1374953
Neuroimage. 2007 Feb 1;34(3):1209-19
17134914
PLoS Biol. 2010 Aug 03;8(8):e1000444
20689802
J Neurosci. 2003 Jun 1;23(11):4689-99
12805308
J Neurosci. 2000 Aug 1;20(15):5835-40
10908625
Neuron. 2009 Sep 10;63(5):568-83
19755101
Neuron. 2004 Aug 5;43(3):297-9
15294137
Annu Rev Psychol. 2010;61:169-90, C1-3
19575625
Neuroimage. 2006 Nov 1;33(2):644-59
16949303
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Jun;95(6):3923-7
16467423
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 6;96(14):8301-6
10393989
Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):258-62
15247483
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Mar;95(3):1645-55
16291802
Can J Exp Psychol. 2003 Sep;57(3):203-20
14596478
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Sep;96(3):1420-4
16624996
Neuron. 2007 Nov 8;56(3):552-9
17988637
J Neurosci. 2004 Apr 21;24(16):3944-52
15102910
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1999;22:319-49
10202542
Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1782-7
15205529
Nature. 1999 Jul 15;400(6741):233-8
10421364
Neuron. 1999 Apr;22(4):751-61
10230795
J Neurophysiol. 2005 Feb;93(2):954-62
15356184