title: Language development in children after receiving bilateral cochlear implants between 5 and 18 months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine receptive and expressive language development in children who received simultaneous bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) between 5 and 18 months of age and to compare the results with language development in chronologically age-matched children with normal hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a prospective, longitudinal matched-group design. Data were collected in a clinical setting at postoperative cochlear implant check-ups after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 months of implant use. The sample included 42 children: 21 cochlear implant users and 21 with normal hearing, matched pairwise according to gender and chronological age. Communication assessments included the LittlEARS questionnaire, the Mullen Scale of Early Learning, and the Minnesota Child Development Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cochlear implant users' hearing function according to LittlEARS was comparable to that of normal-hearing children within 9 months post-implantation. The mean scores after 9 and 12 months were 31 and 33, respectively in the prelingually deaf versus 31 and 34 in the normal-hearing children. The children's receptive and expressive language scores showed that after 12-48 months with cochlear implants, 81% had receptive language skills within the normative range and 57% had expressive language skills within the normative range. The number of children who scored within the normal range increased with increasing CI experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that prelingually deaf children's ability to develop complex expressive and receptive spoken language after early bilateral implantation appears promising. The majority of the children developed language skills at a faster pace than their hearing ages would suggest and over time achieved expressive and receptive language skills within the normative range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Rikshospitalet, Norway. ona.bo.wie@oslo-universitetssykehus.no
authors.forename: Ona B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Wie
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires