title: Developmental Continuity and Stability of Emotional Availability in the Family: Two Ages and Two Genders in Child-Mother Dyads from Two Regions in Three Countries.
abstract: This study employs an intra-national and cross-national, prospective and longitudinal design to examine age, gender, region, and country variation in group mean-level continuity and individual-differences stability of emotional availability in child-mother dyads. Altogether, 220 Argentine, Italian, and U.S. American metropolitan and rural residence mothers and their daughters and sons were observed at home when children were 5 and 20 months of age. Similar patterns of continuity and discontinuity of emotional availability from 5 to 20 months were observed across regions and countries, but not between genders. Stability of emotional availability from 5 to 20 months was moderate and similar across genders, regions, and countries. Universal and gender-specific developmental processes in child-mother emotional availability as revealed in intra- and cross-national study are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Child and Family Research, Program in Developmental Neuroscience,  Eunice Kennedy Shriver  National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Joan T D
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Suwalsky
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Putnick
authors.forename: Motti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gini
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venuti
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Falco
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heslington
authors.forename: Celia Zingman
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: de Galperín
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