Lateral diffusion of membrane proteins: consequences of hydrophobic mismatch and lipid composition.
Biological membranes are composed of a large number lipid species differing in hydrophobic length, degree of saturation, and charge and size of the headgroup. We now present data on the effect of hydrocarbon chain length of the lipids and headgroup composition on the lateral mobility of the proteins in model membranes. The trimeric glutamate transporter (GltT) and the monomeric lactose transporter (LacY) were reconstituted in giant unilamellar vesicles composed of unsaturated phosphocholine lipids of varying acyl chain length (14-22 carbon atoms) and various ratios of DOPE/DOPG/DOPC lipids. The lateral mobility of the proteins and of a fluorescent lipid analog was determined as a function of the hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer (h) and lipid composition, using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The diffusion coefficient of LacY decreased with increasing thickness of the bilayer, in accordance with the continuum hydrodynamic model of Saffman-Delbrück. For GltT, the mobility had its maximum at diC18:1 PC, which is close to the hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer in vivo. The lateral mobility decreased linearly with the concentration of DOPE but was not affected by the fraction of anionic lipids from DOPG. The addition of DOPG and DOPE did not affect the activity of GltT. We conclude that the hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer is a major determinant of molecule diffusion in membranes, but protein-specific properties may lead to deviations from the Saffman-Delbrück model.
Ramadurai
Sivaramakrishnan
S
Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre and the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Duurkens
Ria
R
Krasnikov
Victor V
VV
Poolman
Bert
B
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D004926:Escherichia coli; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013499:Surface Properties; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes; C021499:lactose permease
Biochemistry. 2001 Jul 27;40(28):8188-95
11444964
J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 12;278(50):50128-35
14525982
J Mol Biol. 2007 Sep 21;372(3):565-70
17673229
Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):880-5
19924125
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jun 18;1065(2):203-12
1905573
Biopolymers. 1974 Jan;13(1):29-61
4818131
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2007;21(11):1721-8
17477452
Biophys J. 1994 Apr;66(4):1076-87
8038380
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Mar 6;641(2):416-21
6111345
Biophys J. 2005 Apr;88(4):2626-37
15665131
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Mar;1768(3):530-7
17223071
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2006 Aug;16(4):473-9
16828281
Annu Rev Biochem. 1997;66:199-232
9242906
Biophys J. 2006 Jun 1;90(11):3951-65
16533838
J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 28;271(26):15358-66
8662938
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Nov 3;1666(1-2):62-87
15519309
J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 15;280(28):26032-8
15890647
Biochemistry. 2005 May 31;44(21):7669-77
15909981
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 18;102(42):15059-64
16217012
EMBO J. 1997 Jul 16;16(14):4261-6
9250669
J Mol Biol. 1983 May 15;166(2):211-7
6854644
J Mol Biol. 2008 Jun 13;379(4):704-18
18479706
Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
942051
Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):610-5
12893935
J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 9;282(10):7276-86
17209047
Nat Struct Biol. 2002 Sep;9(9):696-703
12172537
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2007;21(20):3229-33
17828792
Curr Biol. 2007 Mar 6;17(5):462-7
17331726
Biophys J. 2007 Dec 1;93(11):L49-51
17872958
Biophys J. 2005 Feb;88(2):1134-42
15574707
Biophys J. 2008 Feb 15;94(4):1437-48
17933881
J Fluoresc. 2006 Sep;16(5):671-8
17013676
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2005 Aug;15(4):378-86
16043344
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 7;96(25):14282-7
10588697
Biophys J. 1984 Aug;46(2):141-53
6478029
Biochemistry. 1981 Mar 31;20(7):1949-61
6452902
Nature. 2004 Oct 14;431(7010):811-8
15483603
Biochemistry. 1998 Jan 13;37(2):673-9
9425090
J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 25;259(14):9188-98
6746645
Annu Rev Biochem. 2009;78:515-40
19489728
Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1999;28:319-65
10410805
Biophys J. 1996 Aug;71(2):648-56
8842204
Biophys J. 2010 Sep 8;99(5):1447-54
20816056
Biochemistry. 1982 Aug 17;21(17):4144-51
6127102
Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):473-9
19940918
Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2007;36:107-30
17263662
Traffic. 2009 Aug;10(8):962-71
19416480
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 16;94(19):10167-71
9294181
Biochemistry. 1977 Jul 26;16(15):3484-6
196634
Science. 1993 Sep 3;261(5126):1280-1
8362242
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Nov 3;1666(1-2):205-26
15519316
Biochemistry. 1984 Dec 18;23(26):6901-11
6543323
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Sep 9;131(35):12650-6
19673517
Biochemistry. 2006 Jul 4;45(26):8088-95
16800633
Biophys J. 1979 Apr;26(1):101-14
262407
Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2006;35:177-98
16689633
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 31;104(31):12640-5
17502603
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jul;2(7):504-13
11433364
Biophys J. 2006 Mar 1;90(5):1501-20
16326916
Biochemistry. 2000 Apr 25;39(16):4846-54
10769142
J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 15;262(35):16914-9
3119594
Biophys J. 2004 Jul;87(1):419-29
15240476
Biochemistry. 1996 May 14;35(19):6150-6
8634258
J Membr Biol. 2005 Dec;208(3):193-202
16604469
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Aug;72(8):3111-3
1059096
Biophys J. 2006 Nov 15;91(10):3727-35
16950848
Biochemistry. 2003 Jul 22;42(28):8541-9
12859201