title: Osteopontin is a marker for cancer aggressiveness and patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a fraction of molecular cancer markers identified in the scientific literature have found clinical use. Specifically, few predictors of invasiveness are established in diagnostics. Meta-analysis is a valuable tool for biomarker validation. Here, we evaluate Osteopontin as a marker for tumor aggressiveness (grade, stage, early progression) and patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Publications through 2008 with the keywords 'osteopontin AND cancer' were retrieved. Titles and abstracts were screened for studies presenting original data on human subjects. This left 228 publications for data extraction. We applied categorical data analysis for testing the relationship between Osteopontin and a clinical variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteopontin ranks correlated with lower overall and disease-free/relapse-free survival in all tumors combined, as well as in lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, and liver cancer. Further, Osteopontin levels correlated with tumor grade and stage for all tumors combined and for several individual tumor types. Osteopontin levels were significantly associated with the early progression of eight cancers, independent in one, and inversely correlated in two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteopontin is significantly associated with survival in several forms of cancer. Osteopontin levels are also markers for stage, grade, and early tumor progression in multiple cancers, reflecting a common molecular underpinning for distinct clinical measures. Osteopontin has value as a clinical tumor progression marker.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, 3225 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004, USA. georg.weber@uc.edu
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lett
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Haubein
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053495:Osteopontin
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