title: The role of calcium/calmodulin-activated calcineurin in rapid and slow endocytosis at central synapses.
abstract: Although the calcium/calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin may dephosphorylate many endocytic proteins, it is not considered a key molecule in mediating the major forms of endocytosis at synapses-slow, clathrin-dependent and the rapid, clathrin-independent endocytosis. Here we studied the role of calcineurin in endocytosis by reducing calcium influx, inhibiting calmodulin with pharmacological blockers and knockdown of calmodulin, and by inhibiting calcineurin with pharmacological blockers and knock-out of calcineurin. These manipulations significantly inhibited both rapid and slow endocytosis at the large calyx-type synapse in 7- to 10-d-old rats and mice, and slow, clathrin-dependent endocytosis at the conventional cultured hippocampal synapse of rats and mice. These results suggest that calcium influx during nerve firing activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent calcineurin, which controls the speed of both rapid and slow endocytosis at synapses by dephosphorylating endocytic proteins. The calcium/calmodulin/calcineurin signaling pathway may underlie regulation of endocytosis by nerve activity and calcium as reported at many synapses over the last several decades.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xin-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.forename: Zhiping P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Wanjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Jeffery D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Molkentin
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Ling-Gang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000502:physiology*; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002147:Calmodulin; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium
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