title: Analysis of composition, distribution and origin of hexachlorocyclohexane residues in agricultural soils from NW Spain.
abstract: Concentrations of the isomers of the organochlorine pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were determined in 252 surface soil samples collected within a sampling network covering agricultural areas in Galicia (NW Spain). The concentration of total HCH (sum of α+β+γ+δ) ranged between 4 and 2305ngg(-)¹ (dry weight), with the α-HCH and γ-HCH isomers predominating (<1-1404ngg(-)¹ and <1-569ngg(-)¹, respectively). The distribution of the pesticide residues was very heterogeneous, with the largest concentrations present in one of the studied areas (the province of A Coruña). The distribution of HCH was not found to be related to any soil property (organic matter, pH, clays, and metals). Multivariate statistical analysis of the data revealed that three populations of samples with a defined composition of HCH, can be related to the source of HCH: technical HCH (α/γ>3), lindane (99% γ-HCH), or both. The existence of a third population consisting almost exclusively of α-HCH suggests that background contamination of anthropogenic origin dates from several decades ago. The detailed analysis of these populations enabled the possible temporal scale of the application of these pesticides to be deduced.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain. roberto.calvelo@usc.es
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calvelo Pereira
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monterroso Martínez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez Cortízas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Macías
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane