title: Antiplasmodial activity of aporphine alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones from Liriodendron tulipifera L.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the active constituents of the traditionally used antimalarial plant Liriodendron tulipifera by antiplasmodial-assay guided fractionation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bark and leaves were extracted with solvents of increasing polarity. Fractions were generated using flash chromatography, counter current chromatography and preparative HPLC and subjected to in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity assays. Active fractions were subjected to further fractionation until pure compounds were isolated, for which the IC(50) values were calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six known aporphine alkaloids, asimilobine (1), norushinsunine (2), norglaucine (3), liriodenine (4), anonaine (5) and oxoglaucine (6) were found to be responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the bark. Leaves yielded two known sesquiterpene lactones, peroxyferolide (7) and lipiferolide (8) with antiplasmodial activity. The antiplasmodial activity of (2) (IC(50)=29.6 μg/mL), (3) (IC(50)=22.0 μg/mL), (6) (IC(50)=9.1 μg/mL), (7) (IC(50)=6.2 μg/mL) and (8) (IC(50)=1.8 μg/mL) are reported for the first time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work supports the historical use of Liriodendron tulipifera as an antimalarial remedy of the United States and characterizes its antiplasmodial constituents.
authors.affiliation: Biotech Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Cook College, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Rocky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graziose
authors.forename: Thirumurugan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rathinasabapathy
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lategan
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulev
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lila
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001060:Aporphines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031567:Liriodendron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000962:Antimalarials; D001060:Aporphines; D007783:Lactones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C081279:aporphine
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