title: Ecallantide for the treatment of acute attacks in hereditary angioedema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder characterized by acute, intermittent, and potentially life-threatening attacks of edema of the skin and mucosa. We evaluated ecallantide, a newly developed recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor, for the treatment of acute attacks of angioedema.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with an acute attack were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive subcutaneous ecallantide, at a dose of 30 mg, or placebo. Two measures of patient-reported outcomes were used to assess the response: treatment outcome scores, which range from +100 (designated in the protocol as significant improvement in symptoms) to -100 (significant worsening of symptoms), and the change from baseline in the mean symptom complex severity score, which range from +2 (representing a change from mild symptoms at baseline to severe symptoms after) to -3 (representing a change from severe symptoms at baseline to no symptoms after). The primary end point was the treatment outcome score 4 hours after study-drug administration. Secondary end points included the change from baseline in the mean symptom complex severity score at 4 hours and the time to significant improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 71 of the 72 patients completed the trial. The median treatment outcome score at 4 hours was 50.0 in the ecallantide group and 0.0 in the placebo group (interquartile range [IQR], 0.0 to 100.0 in both groups; P=0.004). The median change in the mean symptom complex severity score at 4 hours was -1.00 (IQR, -1.50 to 0.00) with ecallantide, versus -0.50 (IQR, -1.00 to 0.00) with placebo (P=0.01). The estimated time to significant improvement was 165 minutes with ecallantide versus more than 240 minutes with placebo (P=0.14). There were no deaths, treatment-related serious adverse events, or withdrawals owing to adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four hours after administration of ecallantide or placebo for acute attacks of angioedema in patients with hereditary angioedema, patient-reported treatment outcome scores and mean symptom complex severity scores were significantly better with ecallantide than with placebo. (Funded by Dyax; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00262080.)
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy. marco.cicardi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicardi
authors.forename: Robyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.forename: H Henry
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sheffer
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campion
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pullman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054179:Angioedemas, Hereditary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C511194:ecallantide; D007610:Kallikreins