title: Genetic variations and haplotypes in TIM-3 gene and the risk of gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) could weaken the Th1-mediated anti-tumor responses and accelerate the tumor cell proliferation by inhabiting the production of IL-2 or IFN-γ. This study was to assess the association between TIM-3 genetic variations and the development of gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five polymorphisms located in the promoter or encoding region of TIM-3 gene were genotyped in 212 gastric cancer patients and 252 controls who matched with the patients on the frequency of age, gender, smoking, and drinking. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the inherited variations within TIM-3 gene were associated with gastric cancer risk. Linkage disequilibrium and Haplotype analyses were performed by using SHEsis program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the individual genotype analysis, three polymorphisms (-574G/T, -882C/T, and -1516G/T) within TIM-3 gene were significantly associated with gastric cancer in the study population [ORs (95% CIs): 2.74 (1.21-6.20), 3.19 (1.29-7.91), and 2.03 (1.15-3.59); respectively]. Among the gastric cancer patients, the relationship between the -1516 polymorphic genotype and the distant metastasis of tumor was found (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.05-4.63). Under the analysis of haplotypes, an even stronger association with haplotype TTGCT was observed in gastric cancer risk (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 1.04-29.80, P = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that the three genetic variations within the TIM-3 gene promoter may be associated with the increased susceptibility to gastric cancer, especially among the haplotypes with the risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Bangwei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Linzhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shengtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Danping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuanzhen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shutian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C448908:HAVCR2 protein, human; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D008565:Membrane Proteins
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