title: Dynamic modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity in the auditory cortex: the role of norepinephrine.
abstract: Norepinephrine (NE) is an important modulator of neuronal activity in the auditory cortex. Using patch-clamp recording and a pair pulse protocol on an auditory cortex slice preparation we recently demonstrated that NE affects cortical inhibition in a layer-specific manner, by decreasing apical but increasing basal inhibition onto layer II/III pyramidal cell dendrites. In the present study we used a similar protocol to investigate the dependence of noradrenergic modulation of inhibition on stimulus frequency, using 1s-long train pulses at 5, 10, and 20 Hz. The study was conducted using pharmacologically isolated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked by electrical stimulation of axons either in layer I (LI-eIPSCs) or in layer II/III (LII/III-eIPSCs). We found that: 1) LI-eIPSC display less synaptic depression than LII/III-eIPSCs at all the frequencies tested, 2) in both type of synapses depression had a presynaptic component which could be altered manipulating [Ca²+]₀, 3) NE modestly altered short-term synaptic plasticity at low or intermediate (5-10 Hz) frequencies, but selectively enhanced synaptic facilitation in LI-eIPSCs while increasing synaptic depression of LII/III-eIPSCs in the latest (>250 ms) part of the response, at high stimulation frequency (20 Hz). We speculate that these mechanisms may limit the temporal window for top-down synaptic integration as well as the duration and intensity of stimulus-evoked gamma-oscillations triggered by complex auditory stimuli during alertness.
authors.affiliation: School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Laboratory of Cell and Synaptic Physiology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Oscos
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atzori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D009638:Norepinephrine
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