title: Single-prolonged stress induces apoptosis by activating cytochrome C/caspase-9 pathway in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to provide a novel insight into the mechanism of how amygdala might participate in PTSD by investigating the changes of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), caspase-9, and caspase-3 in the amygdala of single-prolonged stress (SPS) rats. A total of 80 healthy, male Wistar rats were selected for this study. The models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were created by SPS, which is an established animal model for PTSD. The change of COX was detected by light microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the basolateral amygdala was examined by immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SPS exposure resulted in a significant change of COX in the SPS model groups compared with the normal control group. Evaluation by enzymohistochemistry indicated translocation of COX from mitochondria to cytoplasm. The expression of both caspase-9 and caspase-3 significantly increased 1 day after SPS stimulation, then gradually increased and peaked at SPS 7d. This findings suggest changes of COX, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in the amygdala of SPS rats, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yu-xiu
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D045304:Cytochromes c; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; C506435:Casp9 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Sep 1;56(5):356-63
references.pmid: 15336518
references.citation: Nat Struct Biol. 2001 May;8(5):394-401
references.pmid: 11323712
references.citation: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Apr 13;31(3):642-51
references.pmid: 17267088
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2006 Sep 1;141(3):1339-49
references.pmid: 16777344
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2000 Sep;10(9):369-77
references.pmid: 10932094
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2010 Jan;44(1):48-55
references.pmid: 19586638
references.citation: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2000 Jun;11(3):191-201
references.pmid: 10906276
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jul 1;364(2):119-23
references.pmid: 15196691
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1998 Jun 1;12(11):1551-70
references.pmid: 9620844
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2006 Oct 2;173(1):129-37
references.pmid: 16860405
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Dec;189(2):165-73
references.pmid: 17031709
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;161(8):1397-403
references.pmid: 15285965
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2007 Aug 10;148(1):22-33
references.pmid: 17644267
references.citation: Int Rev Neurobiol. 1994;36:225-66
references.pmid: 7822117
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:1-28
references.pmid: 15217324
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Mar;172(2):225-9
references.pmid: 14586539
references.citation: Oncogene. 2003 Nov 24;22(53):8543-67
references.pmid: 14634618
references.citation: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 Jun;34(5):687-93
references.pmid: 19136216
references.citation: Annu Rev Psychol. 1995;46:209-35
references.pmid: 7872730
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):479-89
references.pmid: 9390557
references.citation: Cell Death Differ. 1999 Jul;6(7):644-51
references.pmid: 10453075
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):770-6
references.pmid: 11048727
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1997 Feb;83(1-2):31-8
references.pmid: 9062657
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1999;53:577-628
references.pmid: 10547702
references.citation: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004 Jun;99(3-4):203-13
references.pmid: 15135986
references.citation: Anat Embryol (Berl). 1999 Jul;200(1):1-18
references.pmid: 10395001
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(7):1004-31
references.pmid: 16730374
references.citation: Int J Mol Med. 2009 Aug;24(2):227-31
references.pmid: 19578795
references.citation: Brain. 2002 Nov;125(Pt 11):2431-45
references.pmid: 12390970
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 1999;68:383-424
references.pmid: 10872455
references.citation: Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1309-12
references.pmid: 9721092
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2002 Nov;78(3):539-52
references.pmid: 12559833
references.citation: Oncogene. 1998 Dec 24;17(25):3237-45
references.pmid: 9916986
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2006 Sep;40(6):550-67
references.pmid: 16214171
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 1998 Jul;21(7):294-9
references.pmid: 9683321
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2009 May;91(4):382-92
references.pmid: 19028592
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2001 Jan;22(1):31-4
references.pmid: 11286689
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Dec 1;76(11):1612-9
references.pmid: 18778689
references.citation: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1997 Aug;22(6):443-53
references.pmid: 9364622
references.citation: Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Apr;30(3):437-44
references.pmid: 19816767
references.citation: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005;(169):371-403
references.pmid: 16594265
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1990;36(2):449-72
references.pmid: 1699167