title: The development of a sensory substitution system for the sexual rehabilitation of men with chronic spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual health is often severely impacted after spinal cord injury (SCI). Current research has primarily addressed male erection and fertility, when in fact pleasure and orgasm are top priorities for functional recovery. Sensory substitution technology operates by communicating input from a lost sensory pathway to another intact sensory modality. It was hypothesized that through training and neuroplasticity, mapped tongue sensations would be interpreted as sensory perceptions arising from insensate genitalia, and improve the sexual experience.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the development of a sensory substitution system for the sexual rehabilitation of men with chronic SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects performed sexual self-stimulation while using a novel sensory substitution device that mapped the stroking motion of the hand to a congruous flow of electrocutaneous sensations on the tongue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three questionnaires, along with structured interviews, were used to rate the perceived sexual sensations following each training session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects completed 20 sessions over approximately 8 weeks of training. Each subject reported an increased level of sexual pleasure soon after training with the device. Each subject also reported specific perceptions of cutaneous-like sensations below their lesion that matched their hand motion. Later sessions, while remaining pleasurable and interesting, were inconsistent, and no subject reported an orgasmic feeling during a session. The subjects were all interested in continuing training with the device at home, if possible, in the future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to show that sensory substitution is a possible therapeutic avenue for sexual rehabilitation in people lacking normal genital sexual sensations. However more research, for instance on frequency and duration of training, is needed in order to induce functional lasting neuroplasticity. In the near term, SCI rehabilitation should more fully address sexuality and the role of neuroplasticity for promoting the maximal potential for sexual pleasure and orgasm.
authors.affiliation: Neil Squire Society, Brain Interface Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada. jaimieb@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jaimie F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Borisoff
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Shea
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hocaloski
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Birch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D010413:Penis / Q000294:innervation*; D010465:Perception; D057181:Pleasure; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires