title: Self-embedding behavior: radiologic management of self-inserted soft-tissue foreign bodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on a series of self-embedding behavior (SEB), demonstrate the effectiveness and clinical effect of image-guided foreign body removal (IGFBR) in the treatment of embedded soft-tissue foreign bodies (STFBs), and evaluate the role of the radiologist in the clinical management of SEB.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. From a database of 600 patients treated with IGFBR with ultrasonographic (US) and/or fluoroscopic guidance, self-injury was identified in 11 (1.8%) mainly adolescent patients with a mean age of 16 years (age range, 14-18 years). Evaluated data included number of foreign bodies; number of repeat episodes of foreign body insertion; location, type, and size of foreign body; incision size; imaging modality; and success or failure of foreign body removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six foreign bodies were inserted into the arm (n = 69), neck (n = 4), ankle (n = 1), foot (n = 1), or hand (n = 1) in the 11 patients. The number of STFBs per case ranged from one to 15. Foreign body types included metal (n = 40), plastic (n = 15), graphite (n = 12), glass (n = 4), wood (n = 3), crayon (n = 1), and stone (n = 1). STFB dimensions were 2.5-160.0 mm in length by 0.25-3.0 mm in thickness. Sixty-eight of the 76 STFBs were removed in the interventional radiology section. Incision lengths ranged from 4 to 8 mm (mean, 6 mm). The STFBs were removed with US guidance (n = 43), fluoroscopic guidance (n = 15), or a combination of the two modalities (n = 10). IGFBR was successful in all 68 cases, without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater awareness of SEB may result in radiologists being the first physicians to identify SEB and rapidly mobilize an interdisciplinary team for early and effective intervention and treatment. Percutaneous radiologic treatment of self-imbedded STFBs is safe, precise, and effective for radiopaque and nonradiopaque foreign bodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Children's Radiological Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional