title: Disease progression model for cognitive deterioration from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A mathematical model was developed to describe the longitudinal response in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model was fit to the longitudinal ADAS-cog scores from 817 patients. Risk factors (age, apolipoprotein ɛ4 [APOE ɛ4] genotype, gender, family history of AD, years of education) and baseline severity were tested as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rate of disease progression increased with baseline severity. Age, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and gender were identified as potential covariates influencing disease progression. The rate of disease progression in patients with mild to moderate AD was estimated as approximately 5.5 points/yr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A disease progression model adequately described the natural decline of ADAS-cog observed in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Baseline severity is an important covariate to predict a curvilinear rate of disease progression in normal elderly, mild cognitive impairment, and AD patients. Age, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and gender also influence the rate of disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Global Research and Development, New London, CT, USA. kaori.ito@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: Qinying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Elyse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Billing
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anziano
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fullerton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4