title: TGF-beta biology in mammary development and breast cancer.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) was first implicated in mammary epithelial development by Daniel and Silberstein in 1987 and in breast cancer cells and hormone resistance by Lippman and colleagues in 1988. TGF-β is critically important for mammary morphogenesis and secretory function through specific regulation of epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix. Differential TGF-β effects on distinct cell types are compounded by regulation at multiple levels and the influence of context on cellular responses. Studies using controlled expression and conditional-deletion mouse models underscore the complexity of TGF-β biology across the cycle of mammary development and differentiation. Early loss of TGF-β growth regulation in breast cancer evolves into fundamental deregulation that mediates cell interactions and phenotypes driving invasive disease. Two outstanding issues are to understand the mechanisms of biological control in situ and the circumstances by which TGF-β regulation is subverted in neoplastic progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Mary Helen
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Barcellos-Hoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000254:growth & development*; D051379:Mice; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2008 Nov;99(11):2107-12
references.pmid: 18808420
references.citation: FASEB J. 1997 Oct;11(12):991-1002
references.pmid: 9337152
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 28;95(9):5076-81
references.pmid: 9560231
references.citation: J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8624-9
references.pmid: 8970987
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4254-8
references.pmid: 7753792
references.citation: Cell. 2008 Apr 4;133(1):66-77
references.pmid: 18394990
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(5):R72
references.pmid: 19788752
references.citation: Development. 1996 Dec;122(12):4013-22
references.pmid: 9012521
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Oct 9;425(6958):577-84
references.pmid: 14534577
references.citation: Radiat Res. 2006 Dec;166(6):839-48
references.pmid: 17149983
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;120(1):245-51
references.pmid: 8416990
references.citation: Mol Carcinog. 2009 Mar;48(3):181-186
references.pmid: 18655107
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1987 Nov 15;47(22):6052-7
references.pmid: 3664507
references.citation: Int J Radiat Biol. 2007 Nov-Dec;83(11-12):803-11
references.pmid: 18058368
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Jun 27;89(7):1165-73
references.pmid: 9215638
references.citation: Oncogene. 2005 Jul 28;24(32):5053-68
references.pmid: 15856015
references.citation: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2000 Mar-Jun;11(1-2):159-68
references.pmid: 10708963
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1989 Sep;135(1):20-30
references.pmid: 2767334
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):11517-27
references.pmid: 18089780
references.citation: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2005;21:659-93
references.pmid: 16212511
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2005 Dec 1;19(23):2783-810
references.pmid: 16322555
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1988 May;106(5):1659-65
references.pmid: 2967299
references.citation: EMBO J. 2007 Sep 5;26(17):3957-67
references.pmid: 17673906
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;120(1):253-60
references.pmid: 8416992
references.citation: Mol Reprod Dev. 1992 Jun;32(2):145-51
references.pmid: 1637552
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 1998 Feb;174(2):186-93
references.pmid: 9428805
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;10(4):1492-7
references.pmid: 2108318
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;110(6):2209-19
references.pmid: 2351697
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1997 Nov 15;57(22):4987-91
references.pmid: 9371488
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1992 Aug;152(2):354-62
references.pmid: 1644225
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1991 Sep 1;51(17):4685-92
references.pmid: 1873813
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Oct 9;389(6651):631-5
references.pmid: 9335507
references.citation: EMBO J. 1993 May;12(5):1835-45
references.pmid: 8491177
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1995 Nov;147(5):1228-37
references.pmid: 7485387
references.citation: Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):771-4
references.pmid: 10531062
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2009 Apr;219(1):57-68
references.pmid: 19086032
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2008 Jan;13(1):23-35
references.pmid: 18167337
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;122(4):923-32
references.pmid: 8349738
references.citation: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2006 Feb-Apr;17(1-2):41-58
references.pmid: 16310402
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Mar;9(3):1255-62
references.pmid: 2725496
references.citation: Development. 1992 May;115(1):49-58
references.pmid: 1638991
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2007 Oct;98(10):1512-20
references.pmid: 17645776
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Jun 13;113(6):685-700
references.pmid: 12809600
references.citation: JAMA. 2009 Oct 21;302(15):1685-92
references.pmid: 19843904
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;65(6):2296-302
references.pmid: 15781643
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Apr;10(4):1221-34
references.pmid: 10198068
references.citation: Cell. 1987 Feb 13;48(3):417-28
references.pmid: 2879636
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 5;267(19):13702-7
references.pmid: 1618868
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2007 Mar;11(3):259-73
references.pmid: 17349583
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1997 Dec 15;57(24):5564-70
references.pmid: 9407968
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 15;12(14 Pt 1):4315-30
references.pmid: 16857807
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4689-96
references.pmid: 7876240
references.citation: Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):298-300
references.pmid: 17038622
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2002 May 15;62(10):2778-90
references.pmid: 12019154
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2005 Aug;167(2):409-17
references.pmid: 16049327
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2000 Jan 15;14(2):163-76
references.pmid: 10652271
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 15;264(23):13660-4
references.pmid: 2474534
references.citation: Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):848-51
references.pmid: 14764882
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1995 Sep 15;9(18):2266-78
references.pmid: 7557380
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2002 Jun;160(6):2081-93
references.pmid: 12057913
references.citation: Cell. 2008 Jul 25;134(2):215-30
references.pmid: 18662538
references.citation: Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):291-3
references.pmid: 3474783
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2003 Oct;163(4):1539-49
references.pmid: 14507660
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 1990 Sep;190(1):127-32
references.pmid: 2387324
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2002 Jan 15;62(2):497-505
references.pmid: 11809701
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 15;68(6):1809-19
references.pmid: 18339861
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 22;103(34):12747-52
references.pmid: 16908841
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Sep;10(9):1077-83
references.pmid: 8885242
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Dec;3(12):1011-22
references.pmid: 15573100
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1992 Aug 1;52(15):4261-4
references.pmid: 1322240
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2007 May 1;101(1):9-33
references.pmid: 17340614
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4167-71
references.pmid: 2424019
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2002 Jun;109(12):1607-15
references.pmid: 12070308
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2008 Sep 26;31(6):918-24
references.pmid: 18922473
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3412-5
references.pmid: 2014262
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1993 Jun 3;328(22):1592-8
references.pmid: 8487801
references.citation: Oncogene. 1999 Dec 2;18(51):7280-6
references.pmid: 10602482
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12477-80
references.pmid: 11278251
references.citation: Cell. 1999 Feb 5;96(3):319-28
references.pmid: 10025398
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1990 Dec;127(6):2963-8
references.pmid: 2249636
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Jun;115(3):453-95
references.pmid: 18841463
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1999 Sep 1;13(17):2196-206
references.pmid: 10485843
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2009 Jun;119(6):1571-82
references.pmid: 19451693
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 1992 Apr;268(1):167-77
references.pmid: 1499048
references.citation: Nature. 1989 Mar 9;338(6211):158-60
references.pmid: 2493139
references.citation: Crit Rev Oncog. 1993;4(5):493-540
references.pmid: 8241322
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Apr 6;101(14):4966-71
references.pmid: 15051869
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1993 Dec;7(12A):2308-17
references.pmid: 8253379
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 1993 Apr;155(1):210-21
references.pmid: 8385676
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2009 Oct 15;8(20):3319-27
references.pmid: 19806012
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2002 Jul;123(1):352-64
references.pmid: 12105863
references.citation: Oncogene. 2006 Jun 8;25(24):3408-23
references.pmid: 16186809
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8430-5
references.pmid: 12808151
references.citation: Oncogene. 2006 Jan 5;25(1):1-7
references.pmid: 16278683
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Nov;28(22):6889-902
references.pmid: 18794361
references.citation: EMBO J. 2009 Jan 21;28(2):88-98
references.pmid: 19096363
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;68(20):8304-11
references.pmid: 18922902
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1997 Jun;138(6):2466-73
references.pmid: 9165037
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Mar 27;220(3):879-85
references.pmid: 8607860
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2000 Dec;6(6):1365-75
references.pmid: 11163210
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1995 Mar;168(1):47-61
references.pmid: 7883078
references.citation: Development. 2000 Jul;127(14):3107-18
references.pmid: 10862748
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 1992 Oct;3(10):1057-65
references.pmid: 1421565
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;64(24):9002-11
references.pmid: 15604265
references.citation: Oncogene. 2001 Apr 26;20(18):2264-72
references.pmid: 11402321
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 1993 Oct;14(10):2019-25
references.pmid: 8222048