title: Low vision simulator goggles in pharmacy education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop simulator goggles that produce disease-specific characteristics of selected low vision conditions for use in pharmacy education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual sets of simulator goggles were developed for glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Students rated the presence and severity of disease-specific characteristics after wearing each pair of goggles while manipulating medication-related materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred students completed the study. Characteristic symptoms for each disease state were experienced at a moderate to severe level (p < 0.0001). Subjects indicated a high level of agreement among symptom ratings for each disease (Kendall's coefficient = 0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low vision simulator goggles reliably produced the characteristics of selected conditions experienced in a medication management environment. Further studies are needed to identify suitable patient-centered learning activities using these goggles.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA. zagar@ulm.edu
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zagar
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baggarly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000175:diagnosis*
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