title: Expression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in mature granule cells of the adult mouse dentate gyrus.
abstract: New granule cells are continuously generated in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus. During granule cell maturation, the mechanisms that differentiate new cells not only describe the degree of cell differentiation, but also crucially regulate the progression of cell differentiation. Here, we describe a gene, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), whose expression distinguishes stem cells from more differentiated cells among the granule cells of the adult mouse dentate gyrus. The use of markers for proliferation, neural progenitors, and immature and mature granule cells indicated that TDO was expressed in mature cells and in some immature cells. In mice heterozygous for the alpha-isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, in which dentate gyrus granule cells fail to mature normally, TDO immunoreactivity was substantially downregulated in the dentate gyrus granule cells. Moreover, a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling experiment revealed that new neurons began to express TDO between 2 and 4 wk after the neurons were generated, when the axons and dendrites of the granule cells developed and synaptogenesis occurred. These findings indicate that TDO might be required at a late-stage of granule cell development, such as during axonal and dendritic growth, synaptogenesis and its maturation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagihara
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000172:deficiency; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D013997:Time Factors; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine
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