title: Effects of the TREM-1 pathway modulation during empyema in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the presence of microbial components amplifies the inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the modulation of the TREM-1 pathway during empyema in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to empyema induced by intrapleural injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The animals were treated with LP17 (a synthetic TREM-1 inhibitor), a control peptide, or a vehicle (normal saline). Differential cell count, flow cytometry and histological examination were performed to evaluate local inflammatory alterations. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 in both pleural effusion and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although differential counts of each type of leukocytes in pleural effusion were not affected by LP17, a marked reduction in neutrophil numbers was seen in LP17 treated rats due to the reduction of both pleural effusion volume and total cell numbers. LP17 administration impaired concentration elevation in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 in both pleural effusion and serum. It was found that survival rate in LP17 treated rats was much higher than that in control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modulation of the TREM-1 pathway by the use of LP17 appears to be beneficial during empyema in rats in attenuating pleural and systemic inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shou-ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Wan-li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Huan-zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004653:Empyema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C547511:TREM1 protein, rat; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1