title: Dynamic change of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) are major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Studies indicate that the frequent HFMD outbreaks result in a few hundreds children's death in China in recent years. The vaccine and other research for HFMD need to be developed urgently.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to explore dynamic development of mother-source neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16 in infants from Jiangsu Province, China, and to provide the fundamental data for further establishing of corresponding immunization course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood samples were collected from 133 of parturient women once immediately before delivery and their infants at two and seven months of age. Method of micro-dose cytopathogenic effect was used to measure neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 in prenatal women were 79.7% (106/133) and 92.5% (123/133), respectively; geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 29.0 and 61.9; 75.9% (101/133) prenatal women were both positive in anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16; seropositive rates of anti-EV71 and anti-Cox A16 were 25.6% (34/133) and 38.3% (51/133) in infants at two months of age; GMTs were 12.3 and 18.0, respectively. GMTs of anti-EV71 were significantly higher for infants at seven months (82.6) compared with that at two months (P < 0.05), showing infants had inapparently infected by EV71 during two to seven months. Although only one offspring (0.75%) at seven months was found having anti-Cox A16 transfered from maternal, this observation suggested no maternal antibody may remain in infants at seven months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of EV71 and Cox A16 were relatively high in Jiangsu Province. Bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and Cox A16 should be developed, and the ideal time point for prime immunization for infants is around 2-5 months of age.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Division of Viral Vaccines, National Institute for Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Qun-Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Xue-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng-Cai
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zheng-Lun
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Feng-Xiang
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng-Min
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing