title: Chemoprotective effects of curcumin in esophageal epithelial cells exposed to bile acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of curcumin to counteract the impact of bile acids on gene expression of esophageal epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  An esophageal epithelial cell line (HET-1A) was treated with curcumin in the presence of deoxycholic acid. Cell proliferation and viability assays were used to establish an appropriate dose range for curcumin. The combined and individual effects of curcumin and bile acid on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1 and SOD-2) gene expression were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin in a dose range of 10-100 micromol/L displayed minimal inhibition of HET-1A cell viability. Deoxycholic acid at a concentration of 200 micromol/L caused a 2.4-fold increase in COX-2 gene expression compared to vehicle control. The increased expression of COX-2 induced by deoxycholic acid was partially reversed by the addition of curcumin, and curcumin reduced COX-2 expression 3.3- to 1.3-fold. HET-1A cells exposed to bile acid yielded reduced expression of SOD-1 and SOD-2 genes with the exception that high dose deoxycholic acid at 200 mumol/L led to a 3-fold increase in SOD-2 expression. The addition of curcumin treatment partially reversed the bile acid-induced reduction in SOD-1 expression at all concentrations of curcumin tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curcumin reverses bile acid suppression of gene expression of SOD-1. Curcumin is also able to inhibit bile acid induction of COX-2 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 315 East Broadway-Rm 313, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Harini S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Aiyer
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Robert C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018890:Chemoprevention; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D003474:Curcumin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human
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