title: Recreational physical activity, anthropometric factors, and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in a cohort of postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of recreational physical activity and anthropometric factors in relation to risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association was examined in a cohort of 58,055 postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials, among whom 450 cases of DCIS were ascertained after a median follow-up of 8.0 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for covariates, the hazard ratio for DCIS among women with ≥ 20 metabolic equivalent task-hours per week (MET-h/week) of total recreational physical activity compared to women who did not engage in any recreational physical activity (0 MET-h/week) was 0.97 (95% CI 0.70-1.34). Neither body mass index nor waist circumference was associated with risk. In addition, physical activity and anthropometric factors were not associated with risk of either high-grade or low-/moderate-grade DCIS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recreational physical activity and anthropometric factors showed no association with risk of DCIS in postmenopausal women in the WHI clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. geoffrey.kabat@einstein.yu.edu
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kabat
authors.forename: Mimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wactawski-Wende
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Lucile L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaudet
authors.forename: Marcia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stefanick
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitolins
authors.forename: Rowan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chlebowski
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wassertheil-Smoller
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011998:Recreation / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors