title: [Calcium intake and bone mineral density in a group of Spanish school-children].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited data available on bone mass status in Spanish children and or whether the differences are associated with diet/hygiene habits or geographical variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine this association a cross-sectional study was carried out in three different areas (northern, central and southern Spain) and included 1176 schoolchildren between 5 and 12 years old, randomly selected from schools in those areas. Bone density of the distal phalanges was measured by bone ultrasound. We examine the correlations between these data and calcium and vitamin D intake, physical activity and bone mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1176 children initially included, 1035 nutritional questionnaires were completed and bone ultrasound data were obtained on 991 of them. Eighteen percent of girls and 13% of boys had a calcium intake below 800 mg per day. More than 70% of children have a daily vitamin D intake under 2.5 mcg. Age and exercise showed a direct linear relationship with bone mineral density, and an inverse one for overweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both high physical activity and high calcium intake were associated with a higher bone mineral density, while overweight showed the opposite effect. Diet habits and exercise must be considered the main strategies to prevent adult osteoporosis during childhood.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. lsuarez.hrc@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suárez Cortina
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno Villares
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez Suárez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aranceta Bartrina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dalmau Serra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil Hernández
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lama More
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martín Mateos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavón Belinchón
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium