title: Italian validation of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale: a perspective to rheumatic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studying the characteristics of resilience may help to explain how, in the face of a chronic disease, people are able to cope in productive and effective ways. The Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS) is an appropriate instrument to study resilience and has already been translated from the original English version into several languages. The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the RS, a 25-item scale ranging from 25 to 175 where higher scores indicate stronger resilience.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Minimal Translation Criteria were followed to translate the scale which was then filled out by 1090 students to assess the reliability, stability, internal consistency and concurrent validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time stability was assessed in a sample of 117 students (M age=20.18 yr, SD 1.25) by test-retest correlation (r=0.78). RS reliability was evaluated in a second sample of 973 students (M age=16.95 yr, SD 1.50) with RS mean of 126.6 (SD 17.4). Concurrent validity was assessed by correlation with General Health Questionnaire (r=-0.51), Ego-Resilience Scale (r=0.63) and Beck Depression Inventory (r=-0.45). Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach alpha (α=0.84). Principal component analysis was performed on 24 out of the 25 items and resulted in six components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicated that the 24-item Italian version of the RS scale can be considered a useful instrument to measure resilience and can be used by healthcare staff to help patients cope effectively with stressful situations such as rheumatic and other chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, DINOG University of Genova, and IRCCS, Gaslini Children Hospital, Genova, Italy. nicolagirtler@unige.it
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Girtler
authors.forename: E-F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Casari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brugnolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cutolo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dessi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guasco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olmi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Carli
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult