Oxidative stress in ageing of hair.
Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a major role in the ageing process. Reactive oxygen species are generated by a multitude of endogenous and environmental challenges. Reactive oxygen species or free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can directly damage cellular structural membranes, lipids, proteins, and DNA. The body possesses endogenous defence mechanisms, such as antioxidative enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidative molecules, protecting it from free radicals by reducing and neutralizing them. With age, the production of free radicals increases, while the endogenous defence mechanisms decrease. This imbalance leads to the progressive damage of cellular structures, presumably resulting in the ageing phenotype. Ageing of hair manifests as decrease of melanocyte function or graying, and decrease in hair production or alopecia. There is circumstantial evidence that oxidative stress may be a pivotal mechanism contributing to hair graying and hair loss. New insights into the role and prevention of oxidative stress could open new strategies for intervention and reversal of the hair graying process and age-dependent alopecia.
Trüeb
Ralph M
RM
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastr. 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 May 31;719:1-12
8010585
J Invest Dermatol. 1989 Dec;93(6):769-73
2584742
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002 Sep-Oct;15(5):367-73
12239433
J Endocrinol. 1992 Apr;133(1):141-7
1517703
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002 Sep-Oct;15(5):307-15
12239424
J Pineal Res. 2004 Sep;37(2):107-12
15298669
Br J Dermatol. 1996 Dec;135(6):942-8
8977716
Curr Top Med Chem. 2002 Feb;2(2):181-97
11899100
J Cell Physiol. 2003 Jul;196(1):144-53
12767050
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2006 Feb;5(2):165-9
16465301
Arch Dermatol Res. 1996 Aug;288(9):522-6
8874746
J Gerontol. 1956 Jul;11(3):298-300
13332224
Int J Mol Med. 2008 Dec;22(6):725-9
19020769
Arch Dermatol. 1996 Nov;132(11):1398-9
8915333
J Invest Dermatol. 1994 Jan;102(1):122-4
8288904
J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Feb;127(2):411-20
16946714
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Jan;38(1):45-8
9448204
Arch Dermatol. 2007 Nov;143(11):1401-6
18025364
Photochem Photobiol. 1987 Aug;46(2):213-21
3628510
Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):720-4
15618488
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;132(1):86-93
7756156
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2007 Oct;23(5):155-62
17803593
Immunol Lett. 1987 Dec;16(3-4):355-61
3327818
J Invest Dermatol. 2008 May;128(5):1088-94
17989730
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 May 15;222(2):401-5
8670217
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2004 May 27;74(2-3):109-17
15157906
Science. 1994 Mar 11;263(5152):1444-6
8128228
J Pineal Res. 2001 Aug;31(1):39-45
11485003
Int J Dermatol. 2000 Aug;39(8):576-84
10971723
FASEB J. 2002 Jun;16(8):896-8
12039872
Nature. 2002 Apr 25;416(6883):854-60
11976685
Pharmazie. 2001 Oct;56(10):783-6
11683123
J Pineal Res. 2003 Jan;34(1):75-8
12485375
FASEB J. 2006 Jul;20(9):1567-9
16723385
FASEB J. 2009 Jul;23(7):2065-75
19237503
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jul 26;212(3):988-94
7626139
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993 May;28(5 Pt 1):755-63
8496421
Toxicol Lett. 2000 Apr 3;114(1-3):117-23
10713476
Clin Dermatol. 1988 Oct-Dec;6(4):108-18
3214816
Int J Cosmet Sci. 1995 Apr;17(2):87-9
19250474
J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Mar-Apr;59(2):151-6
18408872
Br J Dermatol. 2005 Apr;152(4):646-9
15840093
Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82(1):21-4
12013192
Br J Dermatol. 2004 Feb;150(2):341-5
14996107
Exp Gerontol. 2002 Aug-Sep;37(8-9):981-90
12213548
Dermatol Clin. 1996 Oct;14(4):697-711
9238328
J Dermatol Sci. 2007 Jun;46(3):189-98
17374475
Eur J Dermatol. 2004 Jan-Feb;14(1):28-32
14965792
Dermatology. 2003;206(3):189-91
12673073
Endocrinology. 2008 Apr;149(4):1638-45
18174282
Micron. 2004;35(3):193-200
15036274
J Cosmet Sci. 2001 Nov-Dec;52(6):377-89
11773955
BMJ. 1996 Dec 21-28;313(7072):1616
8991008
Br J Dermatol. 1992 Sep;127(3):239-46
1390168
J Cosmet Sci. 2001 Mar-Apr;52(2):103-18
11382847
Arch Dermatol. 2000 Feb;136(2):205-11
10677097
Arch Dermatol Res. 1987;279(3):190-3
3592747
Dermatol Surg. 2001 Jan;27(1):53-4
11231244
Br J Dermatol. 1998 Aug;139(2):332-9
9767255
Arch Dermatol. 1994 Jun;130(6):770-4
8002649
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2003 Nov-Dec;16(6):379-85
14528062
J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Oct;125(4):826-32
16185284
Br J Dermatol. 1995 Jan;132(1):94-7
7756157
Br J Dermatol. 2004 Mar;150(3):435-43
15030325
J Histochem Cytochem. 1998 Mar;46(3):361-70
9487118
Dermatology. 2003;207(4):343-8
14657623
South Med J. 1975 Nov;68(11):1359-65
1188424
Exp Gerontol. 2001 Jan;36(1):29-54
11162910