title: Subgenual cingulate cortex and personality in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Animals vary in their dispositions, abilities, and moods and demonstrate characteristic behavior patterns that remain consistent across situation and time. This study describes the relationship between measures of personality in the chimpanzee and the structure of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SGCC). Measures of individual traits and personality factors (dominance, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) and assessments of percentage of SGCC gray matter (PGM) and asymmetry taken from MRI scans were obtained for 74 chimpanzees housed at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. PGM in the SGCC was significantly higher for females than for males and was significantly correlated with two personality factors (dominance and conscientiousness) in male apes. There was also a population-level leftward asymmetry in the SGCC. These results are discussed in terms of current models of SGCC function, which suggest that this area may play a role in the biological foundation of personality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia 30030, USA. bblatchley@agnesscott.edu
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Blatchley
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Feb 15;51(4):273-9
references.pmid: 11958777
references.citation: J Comp Psychol. 2008 Nov;122(4):418-27
references.pmid: 19014265
references.citation: Am J Primatol. 1995;37(2):103-125
references.pmid: 31936946
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jul 1;48(1):30-42
references.pmid: 10913505
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1990 Dec 14;41(2):81-94
references.pmid: 2288668
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 May;156(5):675-82
references.pmid: 10327898
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 Feb;103(1):103-16
references.pmid: 8040472
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2004 Apr;118(2):389-94
references.pmid: 15113265
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Sep;162(9):1706-12
references.pmid: 16135631
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2000 May 29;421(2):172-88
references.pmid: 10813780
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1993 Sep;13(9):3839-47
references.pmid: 8396170
references.citation: Behav Genet. 2000 May;30(3):213-21
references.pmid: 11105395
references.citation: Assessment. 2004 Sep;11(3):207-15
references.pmid: 15358876
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2009 Jan;47(2):599-603
references.pmid: 19010338
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1991 Jun 8;308(2):249-76
references.pmid: 1716270
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Jun;18(6):1374-83
references.pmid: 17928332
references.citation: Behav Genet. 2001 May;31(3):243-73
references.pmid: 11699599
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Dec;59(6):1216-29
references.pmid: 2283588
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1998 Nov 30;401(4):480-505
references.pmid: 9826274
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2005 Nov;114(4):505-21
references.pmid: 16351374
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2005 Mar;88(3):547-61
references.pmid: 15740445
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2007 Apr;121(2):249-56
references.pmid: 17469914
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2001 Jan;127(1):45-86
references.pmid: 11271756
references.citation: Depression. 1996;4(2):81-8
references.pmid: 9160646
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1991 Aug;100(3):316-36
references.pmid: 1918611
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1999 Apr 1;19(7):2834-40
references.pmid: 10087094
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2004;23 Suppl 1:S208-19
references.pmid: 15501092
references.citation: Am J Primatol. 2007 Nov;69(11):1264-77
references.pmid: 17397036
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;47(6):682-693
references.pmid: 18434920
references.citation: Psychol Sci. 2007 Feb;18(2):130-2
references.pmid: 17425532
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;152(3):341-51
references.pmid: 7864258
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Nov 7;420(6911):70-4
references.pmid: 12422216
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 1998 May;3(3):220-6, 190-1
references.pmid: 9672897
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2006 Dec;16(12):1809-19
references.pmid: 16421327
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Apr 24;386(6627):824-7
references.pmid: 9126739