title: Role of microRNA-199a-5p and discoidin domain receptor 1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-199a-5p has been reported to be decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to normal tissue. Discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) tyrosine kinase, involved in cell invasion-related signaling pathway, was predicted to be a potential target of miR-199a-5p by the use of miRNA target prediction algorithms. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-199a-5p and DDR1 in HCC invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mature miR-199a-5p and DDR1 expression were evaluated in tumor and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues from 23 patients with HCC undergoing liver resection and five hepatoma cell lines by the use of real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The effect of aberrant miR-199a-5p expression on cell invasion was assessed in vitro using HepG2 and SNU-182 hepatoma cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate DDR1 as a putative miR-199a-5p target gene. Regulation of DDR1 expression by miR-199a-5p was assessed by the use qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant down-regulation of miR-199a-5p was observed in 65.2% of HCC tissues and in four of five cell lines. In contrast, DDR1 expression was significantly increased in 52.2% of HCC samples and in two of five cell lines. Increased DDR1 expression in HCC was associated with advanced tumor stage. DDR1 was shown to be a direct target of miR-199a-5p by luciferase reporter assay. Transfection of miR-199a-5p inhibited invasion of HepG2 but not SNU-182 hepatoma cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased expression of miR-199a-5p contributes to increased cell invasion by functional deregulation of DDR1 activity in HCC. However, the effect of miR-199a-5p on DDR1 varies among individuals and hepatoma cell lines. These findings may have significant translational relevance for development of new targeted therapies as well as prognostic prediction for patients with HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Vito R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Cicinnati
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Speranta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iacob
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Georgios C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sotiropoulos
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: Mengji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerken
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beckebaum
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000070818:Discoidin Domain Receptors; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen; C531408:mirn199 microRNA, human; D000070818:Discoidin Domain Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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