title: The evidence-based use of thiazide diuretics in hypertension and nephrolithiasis.
abstract: Thiazide-type diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and nephrolithiasis. Evidence from randomized clinical trials needs to be considered in decisions about agent choice and dose. In nephrolithiasis, one of the major limitations of the literature is a paucity of data on the dose-response effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on urinary calcium excretion. The best available evidence for prevention of stone recurrence suggests the use of indapamide at 2.5 mg/d, chlorthalidone at 25 to 50 mg daily, or HCTZ 25 mg twice a day or 50 mg daily. In hypertension, chlorthalidone (12.5 to 30 mg daily) may be the best choice when a diuretic is used for initial therapy, with indapamide (1.5 mg daily) being a valuable alternative for older patients. When adding a thiazide to other drug classes, indapamide (2.5 mg daily) has demonstrated value in hypertensive patients who have had a stroke, and HCTZ (12.5 to 25 mg daily) has a safe track record in several patient groups. Although chlorthalidone has not been tested as add-on therapy, the authors believe it is a safe option in such cases.
authors.affiliation: VA North Texas Health Care System, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA. Robert.Reilly2@VA.gov
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Aldo J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.forename: Gary V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Desir
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors