title: [Adipokine update - new molecules, new functions].
abstract: The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide. Recent research findings show that adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ, which is involved in many physiological processes. These metabolic processes are influenced by products of the adipose tissue, so-called adipokines, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the two major fat depots - intraabdominal and subcutaneous - differ in their ability to secrete adipokines. In recent years the importance of the association between intraabdominal fat and the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia was recognized. Therefore, accumulation of visceral adipose tissue contributes due to its ability to secrete a different pattern of adipokines to increased morbidity and mortality. This review aims to characterize novel, newly recognized adipokines and to discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, as well as other metabolic complications.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Department Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gelsinger
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tschoner
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.forename: Christoph F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ebenbichler
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology; D054392:Adipokines / Q000502:physiology*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000073861:Apelin; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology; D011416:Complement Factor D / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D037102:Lectins / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054417:Receptors, Adipokine / Q000502:physiology; D052243:Resistin / Q000502:physiology; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000502:physiology; D015843:Serpins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C115436:APLN protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D000073861:Apelin; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D037102:Lectins; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; C499624:RETN protein, human; D054417:Receptors, Adipokine; D052243:Resistin; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C507339:SERPINA12 protein, human; D015843:Serpins; C493488:CFD protein, human; D011416:Complement Factor D
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