title: 3α,23-isopropylidenedioxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, a triterpene isolated from Aceriphyllum rossii, induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effect of 3alpha,23-isopropylidenedioxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (IPA), an active compound isolated from Aceriphyllum rossii, on the apoptotic activity and the molecular mechanism of the action in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Treatment with IPA significantly increased externalization of phosphatidylserine residues and apoptotic DNA fragmentation as shown by Annexin V staining and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining, respectively. In addition, IPA induced the activations of caspase-8, -9, -3, and cleavage of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) in HeLa cells. Pretreatment with a specific caspase-8, -9, or -3 inhibitor neutralized the pro-apoptotic activity of IPA in HeLa cells. Furthermore, IPA was found to induce the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the increased ratio of mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2. Moreover, we demonstrated that IPA triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as shown by changes in cytosol-calcium level, activation of mu-calpain and caspase-12, and up-regulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153). IPA-induced apoptosis was substantially reduced in the presence of an intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA/AM. Taken together, these results suggest that both mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress contribute to IPA-induced apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Yo Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jung-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ki Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D031995:Saxifragaceae; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D009828:Oleanolic Acid