Differences in maternal circulating fatty acid composition and dietary fat intake in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or mild gestational hyperglycemia.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship between maternal circulating fatty acids (FAs) and dietary FA intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; n = 49), women with hyperglycemia less severe than GDM (impaired glucose challenge test [GCT] non-GDM; n = 80), and normal control subjects (n = 98).


METHODS
A case-control design was nested within a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women. Fasting concentrations of serum total FAs (enzymatic assay) and FA composition (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) were determined at entry and the third trimester. Dietary fat intake data were obtained from 24-h recalls.


RESULTS
There was a graded increase among groups (control subjects, impaired GCT non-GDM, and GDM) during the third trimester for total FAs and individual FAs, including myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids (P for trend <0.03 to P < 0.001). Similar relationships were observed at entry in total FAs and for four FAs (myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acids). Women with impaired GCT non-GDM with BMI >or=25 kg/m(2) had the highest levels of FAs at entry, whereas women with GDM with BMI >or=25 kg/m(2) had the highest levels during the third trimester, and all grouped FAs were significantly different from lean women with impaired GCT non-GDM or control subjects (P < 0.05). Dietary intake of polyunsaturated FAs was decreased, but saturated FAs were increased in GDM compared with impaired GCT non-GDM or control subjects (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Abnormalities in fat metabolism are present in both GDM and impaired GCT non-GDM women. Reducing pregravid weight and altering diet might prevent the associated elevation of circulating FAs.
Chen
Xinhua
X
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey, USA. chenx1@umdnj.edu
Scholl
Theresa O
TO
Leskiw
Maria
M
Savaille
Juanito
J
Stein
T Peter
TP
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids
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