title: Coacervative microextraction ultrasound-assisted back-extraction technique for determination of organophosphates pesticides in honey samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Coacervative microextraction ultrasound-assisted back-extraction technique (CME-UABE) is proposed for the first time for extracting and preconcentrating organophosphates pesticides (OPPs) from honey samples prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The extraction/preconcentration technique is supported on the micellar organized medium based on non-ionic surfactant. To enable coupling the proposed technique with GC, it was required to back extract the analytes into hexane. Several variables including, surfactant type and concentration, equilibration temperature and time, matrix modifiers, pH and buffers nature were studied and optimized over the relative response of the analytes. The best working conditions were as follows: an aliquot of 10 mL 50 gL(-1) honey blend solution was conditioned by adding 100 μL 0.1 molL(-1) hydrochloric acid (pH 2) and finally extracted with 100 μL Triton X-114 100 gL(-1) at 85°C for 5 min using CME technique. Under optimal experimental conditions, the enrichment factor (EF) was 167 and limits of detection (LODs), calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N=3), ranged between 0.03 and 0.47 ngg(-1). The method precision was evaluated over five replicates at 1 ngg(-1) with RSDs ≤ 9.5%. The calibration graphs were linear within the concentration range of 0.3-1000 ngg(-1) for chlorpirifos; and 1-1000 ngg(-1) for fenitrothion, parathion and methidathion, respectively. The coefficients of correlation were ≥ 0.9992. Validation of the methodology was performed by standard addition method at two concentration levels (2 and 20 ngg(-1)). The recoveries were ≥ 90%, indicating satisfactory robustness of the methodology, which could be successfully applied for determination of OPPs in honey samples of different Argentinean regions. Two of the analyzed samples showed levels of methidathion ranged between 1.2 and 2.3 ngg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Química Analítica (QUIANID) (LISAMEN, CCT CONICET-Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ariel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Alejandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Jorgelina C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Altamirano
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016014:Linear Models; D017830:Octoxynol; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017830:Octoxynol; C010615:Nonidet P-40; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid