title: Molecular basis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside biosynthesis and regulation in mycobacteria.
abstract: Phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs) are unique glycolipids found in abundant quantities in the inner and outer membranes of the cell envelope of all Mycobacterium species. They are based on a phosphatidyl-myo-inositol lipid anchor carrying one to six mannose residues and up to four acyl chains. PIMs are considered not only essential structural components of the cell envelope but also the structural basis of the lipoglycans (lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan), all important molecules implicated in host-pathogen interactions in the course of tuberculosis and leprosy. Although the chemical structure of PIMs is now well established, knowledge of the enzymes and sequential events leading to their biosynthesis and regulation is still incomplete. Recent advances in the identification of key proteins involved in PIM biogenesis and the determination of the three-dimensional structures of the essential phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase PimA and the lipoprotein LpqW have led to important insights into the molecular basis of this pathway.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biofisica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain. mrcguerin@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marcelo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guerin
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korduláková
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Alzari
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D008362:Mannosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008364:Mannosyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D008055:Lipids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008362:Mannosides; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; C050016:lipoarabinomannan; C064351:lipomannan; D008364:Mannosyltransferases; C543796:phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase PimA, Mycobacterium smegmatis
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