title: Broader HIV-1 neutralizing antibody responses induced by envelope glycoprotein mutants based on the EIAV attenuated vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to induce a potent and cross-reactive neutralizing antibody (nAb), an effective envelope immunogen is crucial for many viral vaccines, including the vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Chinese equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) attenuated vaccine has controlled the epidemic of this virus after its vaccination in over 70 million equine animals during the last 3 decades in China. Data from our past studies demonstrate that the Env protein of this vaccine plays a pivotal role in protecting horses from both homologous and heterogeneous EIAV challenges. Therefore, the amino acid sequence information from the Chinese EIAV attenuated vaccine, in comparison with the parental wild-type EIAV strains, was applied to modify the corresponding region of the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 CN54. The direction of the mutations was made towards the amino acids conserved in the two EIAV vaccine strains, distinguishing them from the two wild-type strains. The purpose of the modification was to enhance the immunogenicity of the HIV Env.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The induced nAb by the modified HIV Env neutralized HIV-1 B and B'/C viruses at the highest titer of 1:270. Further studies showed that a single amino acid change in the C1 region accounts for the substantial enhancement in induction of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that an HIV envelope modified by the information of another lentivirus vaccine induces effective broadly neutralizing antibodies. A single amino acid mutation was found to increase the immunogenicity of the HIV Env.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Lianxing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Huiguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D003429:Cross Reactions; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004860:Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / Q000235:genetics*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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