title: An emerging population: kidney transplant candidates who are placed on the waiting list after liver, heart, and lung transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ESRD has an adverse impact on patients who have had previous nonrenal solid-organ transplants (NRTxs; liver, heart, lung) and may be referred for a kidney transplant (KTx).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data for all KTx candidates who had NRTx and were listed between 1995 and 2008, incidence of NRTx listings were compared with trends in KTx without NRTX. The efficacy of kidney transplantation relative to dialysis was measured in time-dependent Cox models that incorporated candidates with the applicable previous organ transplant as a reference group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 4904 NRTx candidates were listed during the study period, growing from <1% of candidates before 1995 to 3.3% in 2008. A total of 38% of NRTx candidates were listed preemptively versus 21% of other candidates. NRTx candidates had dramatically shorter half-lives (≤ 4 years) after listing compared with previous KTx recipients (9.2 years). KTx demonstrated a survival advantage for each type of NRTx candidate relative to maintenance dialysis. Listing for expanded-criteria donor kidneys averaged 47% and did not differ significantly by previous transplant category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KTx candidates who are placed on the waiting list after NRTx constitute a significant and more rapidly growing cohort compared with the general KTx candidate population. NRTx candidates are frequently listed preemptively but have rapid decline once placed on the waiting list. Targeted use of expanded-criteria donor and living-donor transplants in the NRTx population may be particularly important given their high mortality on the waiting list.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Q7, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. srinivt@ccf.org
authors.forename: Titte R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Stephany
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budev
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Randall C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Starling
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Flechner
authors.forename: Emilio D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Poggio
authors.forename: Jesse D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D016015:Logistic Models; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014850:Waiting Lists / Q000401:mortality
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