title: Potential role for interleukin-28B genotype in treatment decision-making in recent hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: Polymorphisms in the IL28B (interleukin-28B) gene region are important in predicting outcome following therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We evaluated the role of IL28B in spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance following recent HCV infection. The Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC) was a study of the natural history and treatment of recent HCV, as defined by positive anti-HCV antibody, preceded by either acute clinical HCV infection within the prior 12 months or seroconversion within the prior 24 months. Factors associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV clearance, including variations in IL28B, were assessed. Among 163 participants, 132 were untreated (n = 52) or had persistent infection (infection duration ≥26 weeks) at treatment initiation (n = 80). Spontaneous clearance was observed in 23% (30 of 132 participants). In Cox proportional hazards analysis (without IL28B), HCV seroconversion illness with jaundice was the only factor predicting spontaneous clearance (adjusted hazards ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval = 1.24, 6.59; P = 0.014). Among participants with IL28B genotyping (n = 102 of 163 overall and 79 of 132 for the spontaneous clearance population), rs8099917 TT homozygosity (versus GT/GG) was the only factor independently predicting time to spontaneous clearance (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.78; 95% confidence interval = 1.04, 13.76; P = 0.044). Participants with seroconversion illness with jaundice were more frequently rs8099917 TT homozygotes than other (GG/GT) genotypes (32% versus 5%, P = 0.047). Among participants adherent to treatment and who had IL28B genotyping (n = 54), sustained virologic response was similar among TT homozygotes (18 of 29 participants, 62%) and those with GG/GT genotype (16 of 25, 64%, P = 0.884).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During recent HCV infection, genetic variations in IL28B region were associated with spontaneous but not treatment-induced clearance. Early therapeutic intervention could be recommended for individuals with unfavorable IL28B genotypes.
authors.affiliation: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (NCHECR), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia. jgrebely@nchecr.unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grebely
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petoumenos
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellard
authors.forename: Gail V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Vijayaprakash
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Suppiah
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Phillipa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaldor
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dore
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics*; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
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