title: Genotoxicity evaluation of two kinds of smoke-water and 3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one.
abstract: Smoke, smoke-water and aerosols have a stimulatory effect on seed germination and growth vigour of many seedlings, making them potentially useful for different purposes, provided they do not pose a health risk. Therefore, the genotoxicity of two kinds of smoke-water and 3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, a variant of the most active smoke compound (3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one) was evaluated using the Vitotox assay. Smoke-water extracts were obtained from burning leaves: Themeda triandra (smoke-water Tt) and a mix of Themeda triandra and Passerina vulgaris (smoke-water Kb). No genotoxic effect was observed for any of the three samples. However, the three samples are toxic at the highest concentrations (3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, 2 ppm; smoke-water Tt, dilutions 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4; smoke-water Kb, dilution 1 : 1) without addition of S9 mix. Both the butenolide 3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one and smoke-water Tt are also toxic at high doses in the presence of S9 (2 ppm and dilutions 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, respectively), but not smoke-water Kb. Thus, from these results, no genotoxicity of these three samples can be assumed, which is accordance with the previous tests performed with 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one and a smoke-water.
authors.affiliation: Gentaur bvba, Kampenhout, Belgium.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gevaert
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kohout
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Staden
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verschaeve
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C555079:3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo(2,3-c)pyran-2-one; C488803:3-methyl-2H-furo(2,3-c)pyran-2-one; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005663:Furans; D009153:Mutagens; D011714:Pyrans; D011753:Pyrones; D012906:Smoke; D014867:Water