title: Anti-cocaine vaccine development.
abstract: Cocaine abuse is an ongoing and serious problem that has led to the growth of a brutal criminal enterprise, particularly in the Americas and Europe. At present, there are no effective pharmacological agents available to treat the addiction by blocking cocaine or reversing its effects. In order to help motivated addicts conquer their addiction, vaccines against cocaine are being developed and one has progressed to clinical trials. This article will discuss the concept of antidrug vaccines in general, the successes and limitations of the various anti-cocaine vaccine approaches, the results of the clinical trials with an anti-cocaine vaccine and some new vaccine-mediated approaches to combat cocaine addiction.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Berma M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kinsey
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kosten
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Orson
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003042:Cocaine / Q000276:immunology*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D003042:Cocaine
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Oct;33(11):2715-25
references.pmid: 18199998
references.citation: JAMA. 1997 Dec 10;278(22):1895-906
references.pmid: 9396651
references.citation: Protein Eng Des Sel. 2010 Jul;23(7):537-47
references.pmid: 20436035
references.citation: J Addict Dis. 2010 Apr;29(2):200-16
references.pmid: 20407977
references.citation: Immunopharmacology. 1994 Jan-Feb;27(1):79-84
references.pmid: 8206756
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jun;28(6):1038-42
references.pmid: 15930741
references.citation: J Org Chem. 2001 Jun 15;66(12):4115-21
references.pmid: 11397142
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1964 Jul;3:996-1008
references.pmid: 14214095
references.citation: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1995 Nov;43(11):1902-11
references.pmid: 8575031
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Aug;330(2):449-57
references.pmid: 19478136
references.citation: Hum Vaccin. 2009 Apr;5(4):206-13
references.pmid: 19276653
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jul 15;58(2):158-64
references.pmid: 16038686
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;145(2):363-71
references.pmid: 9266810
references.citation: Nat Med. 1996 Oct;2(10):1129-32
references.pmid: 8837612
references.citation: Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Sep 6;187(1-3):421-4
references.pmid: 20219449
references.citation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997 Sep;58(1):215-20
references.pmid: 9264094
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 1;67(1):59-65
references.pmid: 19846066
references.citation: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 May;8(2):163-7
references.pmid: 10843298
references.citation: Addict Biol. 2007 Jun;12(2):133-51
references.pmid: 17508985
references.citation: Pharmacol Rev. 1973 Jun;25(2):281-91
references.pmid: 4581045
references.citation: Immunopharmacology. 1992 May-Jun;23(3):173-9
references.pmid: 1500284
references.citation: Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1993 Jun;115(6):645-6
references.pmid: 7690618
references.citation: Science. 1993 Mar 26;259(5103):1899-901
references.pmid: 8456315
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):1988-92
references.pmid: 11172063
references.citation: Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Jun;22(3):266-70
references.pmid: 10850392
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Jun;293(3):952-61
references.pmid: 10869397
references.citation: J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2008 Sep;22(9):661-71
references.pmid: 17989928
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2001 Dec;31(12):3816-24
references.pmid: 11745403
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Feb;148(3):251-62
references.pmid: 10755738
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Sep-Oct;55(5):281-99; quiz 322-3, 325
references.pmid: 16166074
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Mar;296(3):789-96
references.pmid: 11181908
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Oct;66(10):1116-23
references.pmid: 19805702
references.citation: Expert Rev Vaccines. 2002 Oct;1(3):363-71
references.pmid: 12901575
references.citation: Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2001 Jan 22;11(2):87-90
references.pmid: 11206477
references.citation: Curr Top Med Chem. 2001 Aug;1(3):175-82
references.pmid: 11895133
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;162(8):1432-40
references.pmid: 16055764
references.citation: Nature. 1995 Dec 14;378(6558):727-30
references.pmid: 7501020
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):6202-6
references.pmid: 10823960
references.citation: Immunology. 2000 May;100(1):48-56
references.pmid: 10809958
references.citation: Vaccine. 2010 Mar 2;28(10):2161-2168
references.pmid: 20060511
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2007 Jan 19;365(3):722-31
references.pmid: 17084858
references.citation: Vaccine. 2009 May 14;27(22):2981-8
references.pmid: 19428909
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2006 Mar;36(3):770-8
references.pmid: 16435281
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jan;153(3):334-40
references.pmid: 11271406