title: Impact of diabetes and hypertension on left ventricular longitudinal systolic function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of the longitudinal component of left ventricular (LV) function is of major clinical importance for the early detection of LV contractile impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of isolated type-2 diabetes, isolated hypertension, and co-existence of both on LV longitudinal systolic performance, with particular focus on their potential interaction effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 163 consecutive patients: 84 patients with hypertension, 36 with diabetes, and 43 who have both hypertension and diabetes; 70 healthy controls were also recruited. Systolic mitral annulus velocity (S(m)) by Tissue Doppler and left atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) by M-mode were measured in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AVPD was similarly reduced in hypertensives (13.2±2.2mm) and diabetics (13.5±2.3mm) when compared with the controls (15.1±2.4mm), and further depressed in diabetic hypertensives (11.5±3.0mm). Similar results were found for S(m). General linear model analysis revealed no significant interaction terms between diabetes and hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normotensive diabetics and nondiabetic hypertensives show comparable depression in LV longitudinal systolic indices when compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls; the co-existence of diabetes and hypertension leads to further impairment in LV longitudinal systolic function in an additive manner.
authors.affiliation: S. Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cameli
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondillo
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giacomin
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padeletti
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bocelli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galderisi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left