title: Risk of cancer among Hispanics with AIDS compared with the general population in Puerto Rico: 1987-2003.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of cancer among Hispanics with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the United States and Puerto Rico (PR) has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers among Hispanics with AIDS in PR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A probabilistic record linkage of the PR AIDS Surveillance Program and PR Central Cancer Registry databases was conducted. AIDS cases were grouped according to year of AIDS onset and antiretroviral therapy availability: 1987-1989 (limited availability), 1990-1995 (mono and dual therapy), and 1996-2003 (highly active antiretroviral therapy: HAART). Cancer risk was described using the standardized incidence ratios (SIR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 612 cancers were identified after 3 months of AIDS diagnosis: 409 (66.7%) AIDS related and 203 (33.1%) non-AIDS related. Although a decreasing trend in the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS related cancers was observed, the risk for both remained higher in the AIDS group compared to the general population in PR. Non-AIDS related cancers with higher risk during the HAART availability were: oropharyngeal, anal, liver, larynx, eye and orbit, Hodgkin lymphoma, and vaginal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanics with AIDS in PR consistently showed a greater risk of AIDS and non-AIDS related cancers compared to the general population in PR and that has not changed over time.
authors.affiliation: University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan. farah.ramirez1@upr.edu
authors.forename: Farah A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Marrero
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Taína
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De La Torre-Feliciano
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Irizarry
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Maritza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Nayda R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Vallés
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Cruz M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nazario
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult