title: Phase I evaluation of seliciclib (R-roscovitine), a novel oral cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phase I study of seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 2, 7 and 9, causing cell cycle changes and apoptosis in cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  This phase I trial aimed at defining the toxicity profile, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended phase II dose (RD) and the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of oral seliciclib. Three schedules were evaluated: seliciclib given twice daily for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks (schedule A), for 10 consecutive days followed by 2 weeks off (schedule B) and for 3d every 2 weeks (schedule C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients received a total of 218 cycles of seliciclib. Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLT) consisting of nausea, vomiting, asthenia and hypokalaemia occurred at 1600 mg bid for schedule A and in schedule C, DLT of hypokalaemia and asthenia occurred at 1800 mg bid. The evaluation of longer treatment duration in schedule B was discontinued because of unacceptable toxicity at lower doses. Other adverse events included transient serum creatinine increases and liver dysfunctions. Pharmacokinetic data showed that exposure to seliciclib and its carboxylate metabolite increased with increasing dose. Soluble cytokeratin 18 fragments allowed monitoring of seliciclib-induced cell death in the blood of patients treated with seliciclib at doses above 800 mg/d. One partial response in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and sustained tumour stabilisations were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTD and RD for seliciclib are 1250 mg bid for 5d every 3 weeks and 1600 mg bid for 3d every 2 weeks, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Beaujon University Hospital, Paris 7, AP-HP, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Tourneau
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faivre
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laurence
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delbaldo
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Girre
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiao
authors.forename: Sian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: Sheelagh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frame
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Athos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gianella-Borradori
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diéras
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077546:Roscovitine; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011687:Purines; D000077546:Roscovitine