title: Metabolic factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a prospective analysis of almost 580,000 men and women in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between factors in metabolic syndrome (MetS; single and combined) and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project is a pooled cohort containing data on body mass index, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. During follow-up, 862 individuals were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals using the above-mentioned factors categorized into quintiles and transformed into z-scores. All z-scores were summarized and a second z-transformation creating a composite z-score for MetS was done. All risk estimates were calibrated to correct for a regression dilution bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trend over quintiles was positively associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer for mid-blood pressure (mid-BP) and glucose in men and for body mass index, mid-BP, and glucose in women. The z-score for the adjusted mid-BP (RR, 1.10; 1.01-1.20) and the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.37; 1.14-1.34) were positively associated with pancreatic cancer in men. In women, a positive association was found for calibrated z-scores for mid-BP (RR, 1.34; 1.08-1.66), for the calibrated z-score for glucose (RR, 1.98; 1.41-2.76), and for the composite z-score for MetS (RR, 1.58; 1.34-1.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study adds further evidence to a possible link between abnormal glucose metabolism and risk of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study on MetS and pancreatic cancer using prediagnostic measurements of the examined factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. dorthe.johansen@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Dorthe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindkvist
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Björge
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Concin
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almquist
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Häggström
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engeland
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selmer
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tretli
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stattin
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose