title: Association of maternal serum concentrations of 2,2', 4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) levels with birth weight, gestational age and preterm births in Inuit and European populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies on the association between maternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and fetal growth alteration report inconsistent findings which weights in favor of additional studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from interviewed pregnant women in Greenland (572), Kharkiv (611) and Warsaw (258) and were analyzed for CB-153 and p,p'-DDE by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data on birth weight, gestational age and preterm birth were obtained for 1322 singleton live births. We examined the association between natural log-transformed serum POPs concentration and birth weight and gestational age using multiple linear regression and the association with prematurity using logistic regression controlling for potential confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median serum concentrations of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE were for Inuit mothers 105.6 and 298.9, for Kharkiv mothers 27.0 and 645.4 and for Warsaw mothers 10.7 and 365.2 ng/g lipids, respectively. Increase in CB-153 concentration by one unit on the log scale in Inuit mothers serum was associated with significant decrease in infant birth weight of -59 g and gestational age by -0.2 week. Decreases observed in the cohorts in Kharkiv (-10 g and -0.1 week) and in Warsaw (-49 g and -0.2 week) were not statistically significant. Increase in p,p'-DDE concentration by one unit on the log scale was associated with a statistically significant decrease in infant birth weight of -39.4 g and -104.3 g and shortening of gestational age of -0.2 week and -0.6 week in the Inuit and Warsaw cohorts, respectively. In the Kharkiv cohort decrease in birth weight (-30.5 g) was not significant, however a shortening of gestational age of -0.2 week per increase in p,p'-DDE concentration by one unit on the log scale was of the borderline significance. There was no significant association between CB-153 and p,p'-DDE concentrations and risk of preterm birth however, in all cohorts the odds ratio was above 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In utero exposure to POPs may reduce birth weight and gestational age of newborns however, new insights as to why results vary across studies were not apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department-Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland. bogdan@pzh.gov.pl
authors.forename: Bogdan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wojtyniak
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rabczenko
authors.forename: Bo A G
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Valentyna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zvezday
authors.forename: Henning S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ludwicki
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Góralczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesovaya
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hagmar
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006116:Greenland; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D014455:Ukraine; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene
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