title: Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin in berry fruits, inhibits human glyoxalase I.
abstract: Glyoxalase I (GLO I) is the rate-limiting enzyme for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a side-product of glycolysis, which is able to induce apoptosis. Since GLO I is known to be highly expressed in the most tumor cells and little in normal cells, inhibitors of this enzyme has been expected to be new anticancer drugs. Here, we examined the inhibitory abilities to the human GLO I of anthocyanidins, such as delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin. Among them, delphinidin was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect on human GLO I. Also, only delphinidin-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we determined a pharmacophore for delphinidin binding to the human GLO I by computational simulation analyses of the binding modes of delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin to the enzyme hot spot. These results suggest that delphinidin could be a useful lead compound for the development of novel GLO I inhibitory anticancer drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takasawa
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimori
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchiro
authors.forename: Mutsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Sei-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanuma
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001665:Binding Sites; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase; C017185:delphinidin