title: Effect of acute exercise on upper-limb volume in breast cancer survivors: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Strenuous upper-extremity activity and/or exercise have traditionally been prescribed for breast cancer survivors with or at risk of developing lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of an acute bout of exercise on upper-limb volume and symptoms in breast cancer survivors, with the intent to provide pilot data to guide a subsequent larger study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three women who regularly participated in dragon-boat racing took part in the study. A single exercise bout was performed at a moderate intensity (rating of perceived exertion: 13-14) for 20 continuous minutes on an arm ergometer. The difference between affected and unaffected limb volume was assessed pre- and post-exercise via measurements of limb circumference at five time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although limb volume increased following exercise in both limbs, the difference between the limbs remained stable at each measurement point. Only one participant was found to have an increase in arm-volume difference of >100 ml post intervention, and only four participants reported symptoms of tension and/or heaviness in the affected limb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that limb volume in breast cancer survivors increases after an acute bout of upper-limb exercise but that, for the majority of women, the response is not different between affected and unaffected limbs. Future research using a larger sample and more sensitive measurement methods are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, University of Alberta, and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. mmcneely@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Courneya
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mackey
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