title: Comparison of a direct Factor Xa inhibitor, edoxaban, with dalteparin and ximelagatran: a randomised controlled trial in healthy elderly adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Edoxaban (the free base of DU-176b) is a new, oral direct Factor Xa inhibitor. This is the first study to compare the hemostatic response to edoxaban, ximelagatran, and dalteparin in healthy, elderly adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this open-label, active-controlled clinical trial, 40 adults (65-75 years), were randomised to: oral edoxaban (60 mg, twice-daily, 7 doses), subcutaneous dalteparin (5000 IU, once-daily, 4 doses), oral ximelagatran (24 mg, twice-daily, 7 doses) or no drug. Blood samples were taken before, and 1.5, 4, 12, 24, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, and 144 hours after, the first dose. The primary outcomes were changes in thrombin-antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragment 1+2 and D-dimer, and adverse events. Additional biomarkers of coagulation, and endothelial cell and platelet activation were compared (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects completed the study. Inhibition of thrombin generation lag time, peak, and constant velocity index were significantly greater, and extended for a longer period of time, following edoxaban administration, compared with dalteparin. We found that the traditional assay for anti-FXa activity was not appropriate for the new anticoagulants. Biomarker changes following edoxaban administration (including prolongation of prothrombin time) reflected inhibition of Factor Xa; there was no effect on platelet, tissue factor or endothelial activation. There were no clinically significant changes in primary outcomes. No serious adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of edoxaban resulted in effective Factor Xa and TG inhibition, and was well-tolerated. Studies are needed to confirm edoxaban (60 mg daily) use in clinical practice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development.
authors.affiliation: Biomnis, 78 Avenue de Verdun, 94208 Ivry-sur-Seine Cedex, France. meyermichel.samama@biomnis.com
authors.forename: Meyer M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Samama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunitada
authors.forename: Andŗe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oursin
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Depasse
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heptinstall
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001384:Azetidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017985:Dalteparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D013844:Thiazoles; C426686:ximelagatran; C552171:edoxaban; D017985:Dalteparin