title: Preliminary experience with bladder preservation for lower rectal cancers involving the lower urinary tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of en bloc colorectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy as an alternative to total pelvic exenteration (TPE) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer involving the lower urinary tract organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty men with primary rectal cancer clinically involving the lower urinary tract organs underwent extended colorectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy. Data were entered prospectively into a database. Oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anal sphincter-preserving operation (SPO) with radical prostatectomy was performed in 12 patients, abdominoperineal resection with radical prostatectomy in 8, and urinary reconstruction in 16. Morbidity and mortality rates were 35.0% and 0%, respectively. Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 83.6% and 42%, respectively. The cumulative 5-year local recurrence rate was 20.0%. All patients with urinary reconstruction achieved good voiding function, and patients with SPO showed acceptable anal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For lower rectal cancers involving lower urinary tract, en bloc rectal resection combined with radical prostatectomy appears oncologically acceptable and can reduce the number of TPEs.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery Division, Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. norsaito@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugito
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009926:Organ Preservation; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil