title: Myofeedback training and intensive muscular strength training to decrease pain and improve work ability among female workers on long-term sick leave with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The theoretical framework is that muscle tension in the neck is related to insufficient muscular rest and is a risk factor for chronic pain and reduced work ability. Promoting muscle strength and muscle rest may increase work ability and reduce neck pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether myofeedback training or intensive strength training leads to decreased pain and increased work ability in women on long-term sick leave.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a randomized controlled trial of two 1-month interventions with myofeedback or muscular strength training in the home environment. Female human service organization workers (n = 60) on long-term (>60 days) sick leave and with chronic neck pain were followed with self-reported and laboratory-observed data of health, pain, muscular activation, and work ability, at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 3 months after baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both intervention groups, pain was lowered over time compared with the control group. Decreased pain and muscular activity was associated with increased self-rated work ability and with laboratory-observed work ability at 3-month follow-up. Decreased pain was also associated with increased self-rated work ability at 1-month follow-up. Muscular strength training was associated with increased self-rated work ability and mental health. Myofeedback was associated with increased observed work ability and self- rated vitality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two interventions showed positive results, suggesting that they could be developed for use in health care practice to address pain and work ability. The intensive muscular strength training program, which is both easy to conduct at home and easy to coach, was associated with increased work ability.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. lotta.dellve@amm.gu.se
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dellve
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ahlstrom
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandsjö
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsman
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindegård
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahlstrand
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kadefors
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D018582:Sick Leave; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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