title: Nanodomain control of exocytosis is responsible for the signaling capability of a retinal ribbon synapse.
abstract: Primary sensory circuits encode both weak and intense stimuli reliably, requiring that their synapses signal over a wide dynamic range. In the retinal circuitry subserving night vision, processes intrinsic to the rod bipolar (RB) cell presynaptic active zone (AZ) permit the RB synapse to encode signals generated by the absorption of single photons as well as by more intense stimuli. In a study using an in vitro slice preparation of the mouse retina, we provide evidence that the location of Ca channels with low open probability within nanometers of the release sites is a critical determinant of the physiological behavior of the RB synapse. This gives rise to apparent one-to-one coupling between Ca channel opening and vesicle release, allowing presynaptic potential to be encoded linearly over a wide dynamic range. Further, it permits a transition from univesicular to multivesicular release (MVR) when two Ca channels/AZ open at potentials above the threshold for exocytosis. MVR permits small presynaptic voltage changes to elicit postsynaptic responses larger than quantal synaptic noise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jarsky
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Joshua H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001703:Biophysics; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology*; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D002614:Chelating Agents; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; C025603:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; D002118:Calcium
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