title: Antimicrobial activities of 1,4-benzoquinones and wheat germ extract.
abstract: We evaluated the antibacterial activities of selected edible Korean plant seeds against the food-borne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus KCTC1927, Escherichia coli KCTC2593, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC2054, and Bacillus cereus KCTC1014. While screening for antibacterial agents, we discovered that wheat germ extract contains 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and is highly inhibitory to S. aureus and B. cereus. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of wheat germ extract. We also investigated the antibacterial activities of the 1,4- benzoquinone standards 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), hydroquinone (HQ), methoxybenzoquinone (MBQ), and 2,6-dimethoxy- 1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ). DMBQ and BQ were the most highly inhibitory to S. aureus and S. typhimurium, followed by MBQ and HQ. MICs for DMBQ and BQ ranged between 8 and 64 microgram/ml against the four foodborne pathogens tested. DMBQ and BQ showed significant antibacterial activity; the most sensitive organism was S. aureus with an MIC of 8 microgram/ml. BQ exhibited good activity against S. typhimurium (32 microgram/ml) and B. cereus (32 microgram/ml). The results suggest that wheat germ extract has potential for the development of natural antimicrobials and food preservatives for controlling foodborne pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Kyung-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Ji-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hae-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Young-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004532:quinone