title: Fetal ocular measurements by MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ocular measurement ranges by gestational age (GA) in normal and growth-restricted fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 298 pregnant women from the 18th to the 39th week of gestation were imaged using MRI. Ocular measurements including binocular distance (BOD), interocular distance (IOD), transverse ocular diameter (OD) and anterior-posterior (AP) OD were measured. The curve estimation analyses for linear, logarithmic and quadratic models were performed. The ocular measurements of the fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were compared with that of the normal fetuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fetal eye resembles an ellipsoid with significantly longer OD and shorter AP (t = - 22.07, p < 0.001). The quadratic model was the best model in predicting growth of the fetal BOD, IOD, OD and AP. The ocular measurements of the fetuses with IUGR were significantly different from that of the normal fetuses (BOD: t = 3.58, p < 0.001; IOD: t = 5.73, p < 0.001; OD: t = 3.52, p < 0.001; AP: t = 2.19, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal ocular growth can be readily assessed by fetal MRI. Using the normative data provided in this study, fetal ocular anomalies may be detected. Ocular size is frequently reduced in the condition of IUGR, with potential pathologic impact on postnatal vision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China. mrisus@gmail.com
authors.forename: Xiao Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kasprian
authors.forename: Jacqueline C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Xiao Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bettelheim
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brugger
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prayer
mesh_terms: D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies