title: General surgical adverse events in a UK district general hospital-lessons to learn.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An adverse event (AE) is defined as an unintended injury or complication caused by healthcare management rather than the disease process that may prolong admission and lead to disability or death. This study retrospectively assessed all reported general surgery-related AEs in a district general hospital in the south-east of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  All general surgical AEs arising from adult inpatient admissions between 2002 and 2007, that had been reported to the risk management team, following completion of the standard 'Adverse Incident Report Form', were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 24,185 general surgical admissions over the period of the study; 461 AEs were reported (1.9% mean annual incident rate; 95% CI, 1.3%-2.5%). The majority (85%) were near miss or no injury events (category I and II) while serious/serious near-miss incidents accounted for just 2% of events. Communicative or administrative problems were implicated in 54% of cases while 12% arose from theatre/surgery-related failure. Of 58 medico-legal claims (0.24% of admissions) that were made, 16 (27.5%) progressed to the law courts for formal settlement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported annual AE incident rate of approximately 2% is well below the national average: this may be due to pre-selection of general surgery-related AEs or represent under-reporting of incidents. The vast majority of AEs were related to administrative and communicative error. These areas must be addressed if patient safety and outcome is to be significantly improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom. svgurjar@gmail.com
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gurjar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roshanzamir
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harinath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004739:England; D013502:General Surgery; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019300:Medical Errors; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies