title: Pharmacologic development of male hormonal contraceptive agents.
abstract: The world population continues to increase dramatically despite the existence of contraceptive technology. The use of male hormonal contraception may help in preventing un intended pregnancies and managing future population growth. Male hormonal contraception relies on the administration of exogenous hormones to suppress spermatogenesis. Clinical trials have tested several regimens using testosterone, alone or in combination with a progestin. These regimens were shown to be >90% effective in preventing conception and were not associated with serious adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, University of Washington,Seattle, Washington, USA. mylang@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Amory
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015195:Drug Design; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013092:Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D013092:Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;87(2):530-9
references.pmid: 11836281
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul;94(7):2313-20
references.pmid: 19366848
references.citation: Contraception. 2007 Mar;75(3):218-23
references.pmid: 17303493
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5201-9
references.pmid: 11701677
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2254-62
references.pmid: 15126550
references.citation: Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):812-8
references.pmid: 20110467
references.citation: J Androl. 2011 Sep-Oct;32(5):530-40
references.pmid: 21164142
references.citation: Endocr Rev. 2008 Jun;29(4):465-93
references.pmid: 18436704
references.citation: Int Fam Plann Persp. 1999 Jan;25(Suppl):S30-8
references.pmid: 14627053
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Oct;88(10):4659-67
references.pmid: 14557437
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2007 Sep;22(9):2422-7
references.pmid: 17599942
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2005 Jun;20(6):1733-40
references.pmid: 15860500
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2673-81
references.pmid: 12788872
references.citation: Contraception. 2007 Mar;75(3):166-7
references.pmid: 17303483
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 Apr 29;367(9520):1412-20
references.pmid: 16650651
references.citation: Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 May;140(5):414-9
references.pmid: 10229906
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Feb;88(2):562-8
references.pmid: 12574181
references.citation: Steroids. 2000 Oct-Nov;65(10-11):629-36
references.pmid: 11108869
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4374-80
references.pmid: 16940442
references.citation: J Androl. 2010 Mar-Apr;31(2):138-45
references.pmid: 19779211
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Feb;312(2):546-53
references.pmid: 15347734
references.citation: Lancet. 1990 Oct 20;336(8721):955-9
references.pmid: 1977002
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6):3016-26
references.pmid: 16497801
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jul;93(7):2572-80
references.pmid: 18413423
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;94(6):1910-5
references.pmid: 19293262
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2000 Mar;15(3):646-9
references.pmid: 10686212
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002 Mar;2(3):222-4
references.pmid: 15758439
references.citation: J Androl. 2006 Nov-Dec;27(6):853-67
references.pmid: 16837736
references.citation: J Androl. 2005 Mar-Apr;26(2):155-62
references.pmid: 15713817
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 1996 Apr;65(4):821-9
references.pmid: 8654646