title: Self-closing aneurysm clip: a historical review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the self-closing aneurysm clip historical evolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed the self-closing aneurysm clip's 50-year history. Major neurosurgical books, journals, testimonials, authors' personal experience, and scientific databases were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-closing aneurysm clip malfunction was found to be related to different clip strengths (too strong or too weak) and clip's corrosion or fracture due to diverse stainless steel biocompatibility issues. It was found that 301, 401, 402, 58, and 17-7 PH alloys were not suitable for human implantation due to high risk of corrosion. In counterpart, 316MOSS, Elgiloy, Phynox, and titanium alloys were more biocompatible and less prone to corrosion. The last group showed no motion on the magnetic field. Titanium clip has shown to be artifact free on computerized tomography followed by high-grade cobalt-chromium clip all the other aneurysms clip present a significant artifact. The Federal Drugs and Administration/American Society of Testing and Materials (FDA/ASTM) was a major contributor on safety development of self-closing aneurysm clip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our 36-year self-closing aneurysm clip experience is reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosugery, Department of Engeneering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. manueldujovny@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dujovny
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agner
authors.forename: Onyekachi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perlin
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000266:history; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000266:history; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation