title: Three-dimensional assessment of early surgical outcome in repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate: Part 1. Nasal changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate three-dimensional nasal morphology following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 3-year-old children (21 with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 96 controls) with facial images taken using a three-dimensional, vision-based capture technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional images of the face were reflected so the cleft was on the left side to create a homogeneous group for statistical analysis. Three-dimensional coordinates of anthropometric landmarks were extracted from facial images by a single operator. A set of linear measurements was used to compare cleft and control subjects on right and left sides, adjusting for sex differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean nasal base width and the width of the nostril floor on right and left sides differed significantly between control and unilateral cleft lip and palate groups. The measurements were greater in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The differences in the mean nasal height and mean nasal projection between the groups were not statistically significant. Mean columellar lengths were different between the left and right sides in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were significant nasal deformities following the surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrahy
authors.forename: Declan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Millett
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Arup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome