title: Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Safety, tolerability, and nonglycemic effects of incretin-based therapies.
abstract: The overall safety profiles of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are favorable, with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. This attribute, along with their weight and cardiovascular benefits, particularly with the GLP-1 agonists, make them appropriate choices in our 3 patient cases. Ongoing safety investigations with GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors will provide further clarity to the complete safety profiles of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Pullman, WA, USA.
authors.forename: R Keith
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cobble
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Mansur E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shomali
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D012306:Risk; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000218:Adamantane; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004151:Dipeptides; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D000077270:Exenatide; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008687:Metformin; D010455:Peptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; C502994:saxagliptin