title: Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-2 in progressive supranuclear palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-2 (Smurf2) is an E3 ligase that belongs to the HECT domain ubiquitin ligase family. Smurf2 can interact with Smad proteins and promote their ubiquitin-dependent degradation, thereby controlling the cellular levels of these signalling mediators. Phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) was recently identified in phosphorylated tau (phospho-tau) inclusions in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). As Smurf2 is the E3 ligase of pSmad2, we aimed at investigating the relationship among Smurf2, pSmad2/3 and phospho-tau in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The brains of six PSP and three control patients without neurological disorder were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control subjects, Smurf2 immunoreactivity was not demonstrable in the neurones and glial cells, and that for pSmad2/3 was observed exclusively in neuronal and glial nuclei. In PSP patients, the pathognomonic neuronal and glial phospho-tau inclusions were immunopositive for both Smurf2 and pSmad2/3. The intensity of pSmad2/3 immunosignals of neuronal and glial nuclei containing phospho-tau inclusions was less than that for the cells without the inclusions. Triple immunofluorescence staining for Smurf2, pSmad2/3 and phospho-tau revealed co-localization of these proteins within the neuronal and glial inclusions; and in some globose neurofibrillary tangles, the Smurf2 immunoreactivity appeared more centrally distributed than that of pSmad2/3 and phospho-tau.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first demonstration of the presence of Smurf2 immunoreactivity in the phospho-tau inclusions in PSP. These findings suggest that Smurf2 plays a significant role in the pathomechanism of PSP by causing abnormal redistribution of neuronal nuclear pSmad2/3 to the cytoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University Department of Neurology, Kitano Hospital and Neurological Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016875:tau Proteins; C471641:SMURF2 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases