title: Operative management of brainstem cavernous malformations.
abstract: Brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) are complex lesions associated with hemorrhage and neurological deficit. In this review, the authors describe the anatomical nuances relating to the operative techniques for these challenging lesions. The resection of brainstem CMs in properly selected patients has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of rehemorrhage and can be achieved relatively safely in experienced hands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Wael F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Asaad
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Walcott
authors.forename: Brian V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Nahed
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ogilvy
mesh_terms: D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*