title: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with retrograde cortical venous drainage: use of susceptibility-weighted imaging in combination with dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SWI is a new MR imaging method that maximizes sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility effects with phase information for visualizing small cerebral veins. The purpose of this study was to report the use of SWI in combination with DSC in examining related RCVD in patients with intracranial DAVFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with angiographically confirmed DAVFs with RCVD underwent conventional MR imaging, SWI, and DSC. The ability of SWI to depict dilated cerebral veins was evaluated and then compared with DSC. The hemispheres of patients with DAVFs were grouped into affected (with RCVD) or nonaffected (without RCVD) categories by angiography. Four patients had bilaterally affected hemispheres. A total of 14 affected hemispheres in patients with DAVFs with RCVD were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SWI showed dilated cerebral veins on the surface of the brain in all (100%) of the 14 affected hemispheres in patients with DAVFs with RCVD and deep in the brain in 9 (64%). T2-weighted imaging showed prominent flow-voids on the surface of the brain in 10 (71%) of the 14 affected hemispheres in patients with DAVFs with RCVD and deep in the brain in 5 (36%). DSC showed increased cerebral blood volume in all of the 14 affected hemispheres. The SWI findings regarding dilated veins on the surface of the brain corresponded well with the areas of increased cerebral blood volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SWI in combination with DSC could be used to characterize the presence of RCVD in patients with DAVFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Toyama University, Japan. kyo@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuwayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamisaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000473:pathology*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D054063:Superior Sagittal Sinus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Jun-Jul;27(6):1252-6
references.pmid: 16775275
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009 Sep;30(8):1546-51
references.pmid: 19474117
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1995 Feb;82(2):166-79
references.pmid: 7815143
references.citation: Stroke. 2002 May;33(5):1233-6
references.pmid: 11988596
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Feb 2;714(2):265-70
references.pmid: 6275909
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002 Mar;23(3):404-7
references.pmid: 11901008
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2004 Sep;52(3):612-8
references.pmid: 15334582
references.citation: Radiology. 1992 Apr;183(1):265-71
references.pmid: 1549684
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1986 Apr;64(4):554-8
references.pmid: 3950738
references.citation: Neurosurgery. 1984 Sep;15(3):332-9
references.pmid: 6483147
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Feb;27(2):264-9
references.pmid: 16484389
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009 Jan;30(1):E6
references.pmid: 18818280
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Mar;29(3):537-44
references.pmid: 19243035
references.citation: Radiology. 1990 Apr;175(1):193-9
references.pmid: 2315480
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Jun-Jul;20(6):1031-6
references.pmid: 10445439
references.citation: Radiology. 2003 May;227(2):332-9
references.pmid: 12732694
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2004 Jul;56(1):36-50
references.pmid: 15236400
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004 Jan;182(1):183-90
references.pmid: 14684537
references.citation: Neuroradiology. 2007 Aug;49(8):639-43
references.pmid: 17372729
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998 Aug;19(7):1267-73
references.pmid: 9726465
references.citation: Radiology. 1997 Jul;204(1):272-7
references.pmid: 9205259
references.citation: Invest Radiol. 2003 Jul;38(7):409-14
references.pmid: 12821854
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Aug;20(7):1239-42
references.pmid: 10472978
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1986 May;64(5):724-30
references.pmid: 3701421
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998 Nov-Dec;8(6):1236-9
references.pmid: 9848734
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1990 Jun;72(6):839-50
references.pmid: 2140125
references.citation: Radiology. 1995 Mar;194(3):671-80
references.pmid: 7862961
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994 Sep;15(8):1501-7
references.pmid: 7985570
references.citation: Neuroradiology. 2001 May;43(5):364-9
references.pmid: 11396739
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Jan;31(1):80-5
references.pmid: 19833802
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004 Sep;20(3):372-7
references.pmid: 15332242
references.citation: Magn Reson Imaging. 1999 Oct;17(8):1141-8
references.pmid: 10499676