title: An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri serotype 3a in a prison in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On June 16 and 17, 2007, the medical clinic of a prison in Isfahan, Iran received multiple reports of gastrointestinal illness among prisoners. A cross-sectional study was therefore undertaken to determine the extent, causative agent and possible source of the outbreak.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-patient was defined and patient information was collected with a standardized questionnaire. Stool samples were collected from the patients and restaurant employees, and analyzed for the presence of enteric bacteria by routine bacteriological methods. Shigella isolates were identified and serotyped by commercially available antisera. The relationship between the strains was determined using antimicrobial drug resistance pattern analysis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred one inmates experienced gastrointestinal illness and severe diarrhea. The attack rate was 14.02%. Rectal swabs and stool cultures recovered from patients tested positive for Shigella flexneri serotype 3a. All tested isolates had a similar antibiotic resistance and ERIC-PCR pattern. Our findings demonstrated that raw vegetables were more likely to be the causative agent of this outbreak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that a single clone of S. flexneri was responsible for this outbreak. Although we could not trace the exact origin of the organism, the consumption of raw vegetables one day prior to the onset of illness was strongly associated with an increased risk of S. flexneri infection. This study emphasizes the need for accurate monitoring and surveillance of food and vegetables consumed in prisons.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Mollasadra Avenue, Vanak Sq., Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kaffashian
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farshad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners; D012703:Serotyping; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult