title: Follicular flushing during oocyte retrieval in assisted reproductive techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound guided transvaginal aspiration of oocytes has replaced other methods of oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, there is controversy over whether flushing yields a larger number of oocytes and a higher potential for pregnancy than aspiration only.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether follicular aspiration and flushing increases live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates and the number of oocytes over aspiration alone in women undergoing IVF and ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register of controlled trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsycINFO and the citation lists of relevant publications (to April 2010).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials that compared follicular aspiration and flushing with aspiration alone were included. Trials were excluded if the flushing method comparison was confounded by comparisons of other methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies were assessed for methodological quality. For dichotomous data, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. For continuous data, mean differences were reported. The heterogeneity of the studies was examined by using statistical tests of homogeneity and the I(2) statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No studies reported on the primary outcome of live birth. There was no evidence (3 studies, 164 patients) to suggest an association between follicular aspiration and flushing and ongoing or clinical pregnancy per woman randomised (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.38). There was no evidence of a difference in adverse events reported between follicular aspiration and flushing and aspiration only. There was no evidence of significant differences in increased oocyte yield per woman randomised (1 study, 44 patients). Without flushing the operative time was significantly shorter, by 3 to 15 minutes (3 studies, P < 0.001) and the dose of pethidine required was significantly less (50 mg versus 100 mg, P < 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence that follicular aspiration and flushing is associated with improved clinical or ongoing pregnancy rates, nor an increase in oocyte yield. The operative time is significantly longer and more opiate analgesia is required for pain relief during oocyte retrieval. There is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of follicular aspiration and flushing on live birth rates in the identified data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200.
authors.forename: Supreeya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wongtra-Ngan
authors.forename: Teraporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vutyavanich
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors