title: Augmented O-GlcNAc signaling attenuates oxidative stress and calcium overload in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an inducible, dynamically cycling and reversible post-translational modification of Ser/Thr residues of nucleocytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins. We recently discovered that O-GlcNAcylation confers cytoprotection in the heart via attenuating the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the subsequent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Because Ca(2+) overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are prominent features of post-ischemic injury and favor mPTP formation, we ascertained whether O-GlcNAcylation mitigates mPTP formation via its effects on Ca(2+) overload and ROS generation. Subjecting neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs, n ≥ 6 per group) to hypoxia, or mice (n ≥ 4 per group) to myocardial ischemia reduced O-GlcNAcylation, which later increased during reoxygenation/reperfusion. NRCMs (n ≥ 4 per group) infected with an adenovirus carrying nothing (control), adenoviral O-GlcNAc transferase (adds O-GlcNAc to proteins, AdOGT), adenoviral O-GlcNAcase (removes O-GlcNAc to proteins, AdOGA), vehicle or PUGNAc (blocks OGA; increases O-GlcNAc levels) were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation or H(2)O(2), and changes in Ca(2+) levels (via Fluo-4AM and Rhod-2AM), ROS (via DCF) and mPTP formation (via calcein-MitoTracker Red colocalization) were assessed using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Both OGT and OGA overexpression did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter baseline Ca(2+) or ROS levels. However, AdOGT significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated both hypoxia and oxidative stress-induced Ca(2+) overload and ROS generation. Additionally, OGA inhibition mitigated both H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) overload and ROS generation. Although AdOGA exacerbated both hypoxia and H(2)O(2)-induced ROS generation, it had no effect on H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) overload. We conclude that inhibition of Ca(2+) overload and ROS generation (inducers of mPTP) might be one mechanism through which O-GlcNAcylation reduces ischemia/hypoxia-mediated mPTP formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Gladys A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ngoh
authors.forename: Lewis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Heberty T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Facundo
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006031:Glycosylation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
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