title: The Arabidopsis vacuolar anion transporter, AtCLCc, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movements and contributes to salt tolerance.
abstract: In plant cells, anion channels and transporters are essential for key functions such as nutrition, resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses, and ion homeostasis. In Arabidopsis, members of the chloride channel (CLC) family located in intracellular organelles have been shown to be required for nitrate homeostasis or pH adjustment, and previous results indicated that AtCLCc is involved in nitrate accumulation. We investigated new physiological functions of this CLC member in Arabidopsis. Here we report that AtCLCc is strongly expressed in guard cells and pollen and more weakly in roots. Use of an AtCLCc:GFP fusion revealed localization to the tonoplast. Disruption of the AtCLCc gene by a T-DNA insertion in four independent lines affected physiological responses that are directly related to the movement of chloride across the tonoplast membrane. Opening of clcc stomata was reduced in response to light, and ABA treatment failed to induce their closure, whereas application of KNO₃ but not KCl restored stomatal opening. clcc mutant plants were hypersensitive to NaCl treatment when grown on soil, and to NaCl and KCl in vitro, confirming the chloride dependence of the phenotype. These phenotypes were associated with modifications of chloride content in both guard cells and roots. These data demonstrate that AtCLCc is essential for stomatal movement and salt tolerance by regulating chloride homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jossier
authors.forename: Laëtitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kroniewicz
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dalmas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Thiec
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ephritikhine
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomine
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barbier-Brygoo
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vavasseur
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filleur
authors.forename: Nahalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008027:Light; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology*; D011058:Pollen / Q000378:metabolism; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C556246:CLCc protein, Arabidopsis; D018118:Chloride Channels; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000040:Abscisic Acid