title: Protective effect of combination of sulforaphane and riluzole on glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
abstract: Threohydroxyaspartate (THA) causes glutamate excitotoxicity in motor neurons in organotypic culture of rat spinal cord. Some drugs, including sulforaphane (SF) and riluzole, can protect motor neuron against excitotoxicity. It has been demonstrated that SF is a potent inducer of Phase II enzymes, while riluzole is a classic anti-glutamate agent. The objective of the current study is to investigate whether the combination of SF and riluzole is superior to either one used alone. In our study, the combination of SF with riluzole not only stimulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), but also reduces the extracellular accumulation of glutamate. When used at optimal doses, SF (10 microM) and riluzole (5 microM), either alone or in combination, all exert significant and similar neuroprotection, as measured by the number of motor neuron, medium malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. When used at low doses, the combination is better than each agent used alone. In conclusion, these results suggest the potential utility of combination use of SF and riluzole for protection of motor neuron against excitotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yansu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yaqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Weisong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jixu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019782:Riluzole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D017879:Isothiocyanates; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D019782:Riluzole; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C016766:sulforaphane