title: The T-box brain 1 (Tbr1) transcription factor inhibits astrocyte formation in the olfactory bulb and regulates neural stem cell fate.
abstract: The T-box brain 1 (Tbr1) gene encodes a transcription factor necessary for the maintenance and/or differentiation of glutamatergic cells in the olfactory bulb (OB) and cortex, although its precise function in the development of glutamatergic neurons is not known. Furthermore, Tbr1 has not been reported to regulate the formation of glial cells. We show that Tbr1 is expressed during the initial stages in the generation of glutamatergic mitral neurons from dividing progenitors in the E12.5 mouse OB. Retroviral-mediated overexpression of Tbr1 in cultured embryonic and adult OB stem cells (OBSC) produces a marked increase in the number of TuJ1(+) neurons (including VGLUT1(+) glutamatergic and GABA(+) neurons) and O4(+) oligodendrocytes. Moreover, transduction of Tbr1 inhibits the production of GFAP(+) astrocytes from both cultured OBSC and dividing progenitor cells in vivo. These results show that the expression of Tbr1 in neural stem and progenitor cells prevents them from following an astrocyte fate during OB development. Our findings suggest that the transduction of Tbr1 into neural stem cells could be useful to increase the production of neurons and oligodendrocytes in studies of neuroregeneration.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Héctor R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Méndez-Gómez
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vergaño-Vera
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bulfone
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moratalla
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Pablo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vicario-Abejón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C492271:Tbr1 protein, mouse; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid