Insulin-induced gene: a new regulator in lipid metabolism.
Insulin-induced genes (Insigs) including Insig-1 and Insig-2, are proteins that mediate sterol regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). Insigs perform distinct tasks in the regulation of these effectors: they promote the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of SCAP, but ubiquitin-mediated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. Through these activities, Insig-1 and Insig-2 influence cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis, and glucose homeostasis in diverse tissues such as adipose tissue and liver. In this article, we focus on the functions, expression and regulation, gene polymorphisms of Insigs, and their deficiency with diseases.
Dong
Xiao-Ying
XY
College of Yingdong Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Daxue Avenue, Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan 512005, PR China.
Tang
Sheng-Qiu
SQ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology
C108626:INSIG1 protein, human; C467727:INSIG2 protein, human; C506119:Insig1 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C102196:SREBP cleavage-activating protein; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol