title: Standardized protocol for artery-only fingertip replantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Artery-only fingertip replantation can be reliable if low-resistance flow through the replant is maintained until venous outflow is restored naturally. Injuring the tip of the replant to promote ongoing bleeding augmented with anticoagulation usually accomplishes this; however, such management results in prolonged hospitalization. In this study, we analyzed the outcomes of artery-only fingertip replantation using a standardized postoperative protocol consisting of dextran-40, heparin, and leech therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2001 and 2008, we performed 19 artery-only fingertip replants for 17 patients. All patients had the replanted nail plate removed and received intravenous dextran-40, heparin, and aspirin to promote fingertip bleeding and vascular outflow. Anticoagulation was titrated to promote a controlled bleed until physiologic venous outflow was restored by neovascularization. We used medicinal leeches and mechanical heparin scrubbing for acute decongestion. By postoperative day 6, bleeding was no longer promoted. We initiated fluorescent dye perfusion studies to assess circulatory competence and direct further anticoagulant intervention if necessary. The absence of bleeding associated with an initial rise followed by an appropriate fall in fluorescent dye concentration would trigger a weaning of anticoagulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 19 replants survived. The average length of hospital stay was 9 days (range, 7-17 d). Eleven patients received blood transfusions. The average transfusion was 1.8 units (range, 0-9 units). All patients were happy with the decision to replant, and the cosmetic result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A protocol that promotes temporary, controlled bleeding from the fingertip is protective of artery-only replants distal to the distal interphalangeal joint until physiologic venous outflow is restored. The protocol described is both safe and reliable. The patient should be informed that such replant attempts may result in the need for transfusions and extended hospital stays, factors that can help the physician and patient decide whether to proceed with replantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic IV.
authors.affiliation: Buncke Clinic, Department of Plastic Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA.
authors.forename: Rudolf F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Buntic
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000628:therapy; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D006493:Heparin; D001241:Aspirin