Dietary interventions that lower lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein C-III are more effective in whites than in blacks: results of the OmniHeart trial.
BACKGROUND
Blacks have lower average triglyceride and LDL cholesterol concentrations than do whites but higher rates of coronary heart disease. Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III in VLDL and LDL stimulates atherogenic processes in vascular cells. In blacks, the concentration of lipoproteins with apo C-III is unknown, and the response to dietary strategies that lower triglyceride and apo C-III has not been investigated


OBJECTIVE
We compared the concentration of and dietary effects on apo C-III-containing lipoproteins in blacks and whites.


METHODS
In a randomized, 3-period feeding study [OmniHeart (Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease)], we measured lipoprotein concentrations in 89 blacks and 73 whites who consumed self-selected diets (baseline) and after 3 healthful diets emphasizing carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, or protein. Participants had prehypertension or hypertension, and 79% were overweight or obese.


RESULTS
While consuming self-selected diets, blacks had lower apo C-III in total plasma, VLDL, and LDL than did whites. Unsaturated fat and protein diets lowered plasma apo C-III (16% and 18%, respectively) and triglyceride (12% and 21%, respectively) in whites but not in blacks, reducing racial differences. Most important, blacks had a lower concentration of atherogenic LDL with apo C-III at baseline and after study diets (34-41% lower, P < 0.02). The molar ratio of apo E to apo B was higher in blacks than in whites in total plasma and LDL at baseline and after the study diets.


CONCLUSIONS
Blacks have lower concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins that contain apo C-III than do whites when consuming diverse diets and an attenuated dietary response of triglyceride and apo C-III. Dietary efforts to lower triglyceride and apo C-III may be more effective in whites than in blacks. The OmniHeart Trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00051350.
Furtado
Jeremy D
JD
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. jfurtado@hsph.harvard.edu
Campos
Hannia
H
Sumner
Anne E
AE
Appel
Lawrence J
LJ
Carey
Vincent J
VJ
Sacks
Frank M
FM
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000097:blood*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides
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