title: Distribution of Diego blood group alleles and identification of four novel mutations on exon 19 of SLC4A1 gene in the Chinese Han population by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Diego blood group system plays an important role in transfusion medicine. Genotyping of DI1 and DI2 alleles is helpful for the investigation into haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and for the development of rare blood group databases. Here, we set up a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method for genotyping of Diego blood group alleles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific primers for exon 19 of the solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member1 (SLC4A1) gene were designed, and our PCR-SBT method was established and optimized for Diego genotyping. A total of 1053 samples from the Chinese Han population and the family members of a rare proband with DI1/DI1 genotype were investigated by the PCR-SBT method. An allele-specific primer PCR (PCR-ASP) was used to verify the reliability of the PCR-SBT method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of DI1 and DI2 alleles in the Chinese Han population were 0.0247 and 0.9753, respectively. Six new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the sequenced regions of the SLC4A1 gene, and four novel SNPs located in the exon 19, in which one SNP could cause an amino acid alteration of Ala858Ser on erythrocyte anion exchanger protein 1. The genotypes for Diego blood group were identical among 41 selected samples with PCR-ASP and PCR-SBT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCR-SBT method can be used in Diego genotyping as a substitute of serological technique when the antisera is lacking and was suitable for screening large numbers of donors in rare blood group databases.
authors.affiliation: Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: X G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D005091:Exons; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; C454201:SLC4A1 protein, human