title: Comparison of bone quantity by ultrasound measurements of phalanges between white and black children living in Paraná, Brazil, with Europeans.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine bone quantity by ultrasound measurements of the proximal finger phalanges (AD-SoS = amplitude-dependent speed of sound) of healthy Brazilian schoolchildren living in Paraná, Brazil and to compare these values with European populations. The sample was composed of 1356 Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders (660 males, 696 females), aged 6 to 11 years, divided into white (840) and black (516) groups and compared to age- and gender-matched Europeans. AD-SoS of the schoolchildren increased significantly with age for both genders. Significantly higher AD-SoS values were observed for the white children (1916 ± 58) compared to their black counterparts (1898 ± 72) and for the female gender (1920 ± 61) compared to the male gender (1898 ± 66). Overall, the AD-SoS outcomes for females were similar to those of European studies. However, the AD-SoS of the Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors was lower than that reported for children in Poland. AD-SoS outcomes for Brazilian schoolboys were similar to those obtained in Italian studies and were lower than those of the Spanish children. In conclusion, Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors showed lower bone quantities than Polish children and Spanish males, and levels similar to Italian children and Spanish females.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Pediatria, Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Santos-Ribeiro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra-Junior
authors.forename: A de A
authors.initials: Ade A
authors.lastname: Barros-Filho
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D015519:Bone Density; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography; D044465:White People