title: Monitoring of occupational exposure to volatile organohalogen solvents (VOXs) in human urine samples of dry-cleaner workers by TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD procedure.
abstract: Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents are often used for dry-cleaning clothes in the laundry industry. The object of this study was to monitor the occupational exposure of dry-clean employees coming into contact with VOXs. Twenty five workers collected their urine samples before the work shift, after 4 h of work and after the work shift. The analyses of urine samples and solvents used in dry-cleaning were performed using TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD. Chloroform was detected in all urine samples, and dichloromethane and tetrachloroethene in nearly all urine samples collected before and after the work shift. The concentrations of the compounds determined in urine samples were higher at the end of the workday in directly exposed individuals. Concentrations of the compounds determined in urine samples depended mainly on the type of activities carried out at the dry-cleaning establishments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rutkiewicz
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jakubowska
authors.forename: Zaneta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Polkowska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007846:Laundering; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012997:Solvents; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds