title: Adaptation of HIV-1 envelope gp120 to humoral immunity at a population level.
abstract: By comparing HIV-1 variants from people who became infected at the beginning of the epidemic and from people who have recently contracted the virus, we observed an enhanced resistance of the virus to antibody neutralization over time, accompanied by an increase in the length of the variable loops and in the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites on the HIV-1 envelope gp120 subunit. The enhanced neutralization resistance of HIV-1 in contemporary seroconverters coincided with the poorer elicitation of neutralizing antibody responses, which may have implications for vaccine design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelien M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bunnik
authors.forename: Zelda
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Euler
authors.forename: Matthijs R A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Welkers
authors.forename: Brigitte D M
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Boeser-Nunnink
authors.forename: Marlous L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Grijsen
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schuitemaker
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C084715:HIV hyperimmune globulin; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C514793:gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
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