title: Is the outcome in acute spinal cord ischaemia different from that in traumatic spinal cord injury? A cross-sectional analysis of the neurological and functional outcome in a cohort of 93 paraplegics.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the neurological outcome between paraplegic patients with acute spinal cord ischaemia syndrome (ASCIS) or traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) and to investigate the influence of SCI aetiology on the total Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM)-II score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 1 trauma centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial (0-40 days) and chronic-phase (6-12 months) American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) sensory scores, lower extremity motor score (LEMS) and chronic-phase total SCIM-II scores were analysed. Differences between ASCIS and tSCI patients were calculated using Student's t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. To assess which variables give rise to the prediction of total SCIM-II score, a multiple linear regression analysis was used. These predictor variables included complete (ASIA impairment scale A) or incomplete SCI (AIS B, C, and D), aetiology, age and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 93 included patients, 20 ASCIS and 73 tSCI patients were identified. In the complete SCI group, the initial pinprick scores were higher (P<0.05) in ASCIS patients compared with tSCI patients, 37.9 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 23.3-52.5) and 27.3 (95% CI, 24.1-30.4), respectively. No other relevant differences in neurological outcome were identified between ASCIS and tSCI patients; however, the total SCIM-II scores were higher (P<0.05) in tSCI patients after 12 months. Using the linear regression analysis, we were able to predict 31.4% of the variability. The aetiology was not significant in this model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neurological outcome was independent of the diagnosis ASCIS or tSCI. Furthermore, the diagnosis ASCIS or tSCI was not a significant predictor for total SCIM II scores after 12 months.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study was granted by the 'Internationale Stiftung für Forschung in Paraplegie' (IFP), Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.affiliation: Spine Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Martinpouw@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pouw
authors.forename: A J F
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hosman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Kampen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirschfeld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thietje
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van de Meent
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult