title: Modified phospholipids as anti-inflammatory compounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) are abundantly found at sites of inflammation and are considered to play an active role in the modulation of the immune response. Whereas most studies attributed a proinflammatory role to OxPLs, recent studies demonstrate that some products of phospholipid oxidation may in fact exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. This study summarizes the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties of OxPLs and sheds light on the therapeutic potential of OxPL derivatives or analogs for treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OxPLs may inhibit activation of several Toll-like receptors and can epigenetically reduce the capacity of dendritic cells to function as mature, fully functional immunostimulatory cells. These data demonstrate that OxPLs can induce anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, VB-201, an orally available synthetic phospholipid analog of the Lecinoxoid family, was found to attenuate inflammation in various preclinical animal models and is currently employed in a phase II clinical trial in psoriasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical or biological modifications of phospholipids yield various products, some of which may exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Identification of such species and generation of more stable/potent anti-inflammatory OxPL variants may represent a novel approach for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases such as psoriasis, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: VBL Therapeutics, Or Yehuda, Israel.
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feige
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mendel
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Niva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yacov
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harats
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010743:Phospholipids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine; C552500:1-palmityl-2-(4-carboxybutyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine