title: Knee extension isometric torque production differences based on verbal motivation given to introverted and extroverted female children.
abstract: To date, little research has been conducted to test the efficacy of different forms of motivation based on a female child's personality type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of female children to perform a maximal knee extension isometric torque test with varying forms of motivation, based on the child's personality type (introvert vs. extrovert). The subjects were asked to perform a maximal isometric knee extension test under three different conditions: 1) with no verbal motivation, 2) with verbal motivation from the evaluator only, and 3) with verbal motivation from a group of their peers and the evaluator combined. A 2×3 mixed ANOVA was significant for an interaction (F 2,62=17.530; p<0.0005). Post hoc testing for the introverted group showed that scores without verbal motivation were significantly higher than with verbal motivation from the evaluator or the evaluator plus the peers. The extroverted group revealed that scores with verbal motivation from the evaluator or the evaluator plus the peers were significantly higher than without verbal motivation. Results suggest that verbal motivation has a varying effect on isometric knee extension torque production in female children with different personality types. Extroverted girls perform better with motivation, whereas introverted girls perform better without motivation from others.
authors.affiliation: University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. wmcwhorter@rmuohp.edu
authors.forename: J Wesley
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McWhorter
authors.forename: Merrill
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: E Louie
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Puentedura
authors.forename: Robbin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Candi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brooksby
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liveratti
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D015444:Exercise; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007439:Introversion, Psychological; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology*; D009042:Motivation; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D010552:Personality Assessment; D019415:Torque; D014705:Verbal Behavior