title: Quantifying the pain experience in hip and knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated whether the conceptualization of hip and knee osteoarthritis pain implicit in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scales is complete, or whether the addition of another scale, such as the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ-SF), provides a more complete characterization. Furthermore, the impact that mental health symptoms and catastrophizing had on these scales was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before hip and knee arthroplasty, 200 patients completed surveys of demographic data, the WOMAC pain scale, the MPQ-SF, the SF-36 Bodily Pain scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Correlations between scales were calculated and linear regression modelling was used to determine the impact of mental health and catastrophizing on these three pain measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong correlation between the WOMAC and SF-36 pain scales (r=-0.70) was found; however, both correlated only moderately with the MPQ-SF (r=0.36 and r=-0.36, respectively). Linear regression modelling showed that the Pain Catastrophizing Scale significantly predicted a greater score on all three pain scales (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of the MPQ-SF appears to add to a more complete quantification of the pain experience in hip and knee osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Rajiv.gandhi@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsvetkov
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dhottar
authors.forename: J Roderick
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Nizar N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Mahomed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000150:complications*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1968 May;16(5):622-6
references.pmid: 5646906
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 1988 Dec;15(12):1833-40
references.pmid: 3068365
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Jun;89(6):1161-9
references.pmid: 17545417
references.citation: Pain Res Manag. 2008 Jul-Aug;13(4):335-41
references.pmid: 18719716
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000 May;39(5):490-6
references.pmid: 10852978
references.citation: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Apr;16(4):415-22
references.pmid: 18296075
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 May;86(5):963-74
references.pmid: 15118039
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 1997 Jan;42(1):17-41
references.pmid: 9055211
references.citation: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Jan;87(1):96-104
references.pmid: 16401446
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Feb;31(2):204-9
references.pmid: 3348824
references.citation: Pain. 2004 Aug;110(3):571-577
references.pmid: 15288397
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 1991 Oct;18(10):1581-6
references.pmid: 1765985
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1992 Mar;41(3):237-48
references.pmid: 1594710
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Apr;38(4):355-61
references.pmid: 10378714
references.citation: Med Care. 1999 May;37(5 Suppl):MS10-22
references.pmid: 10335740
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2002 Nov;21(6):466-71
references.pmid: 12447629
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70
references.pmid: 6880820
references.citation: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006 Nov;452:35-43
references.pmid: 16967035
references.citation: Clin J Pain. 2001 Mar;17(1):52-64
references.pmid: 11289089
references.citation: Pain. 1987 Aug;30(2):191-197
references.pmid: 3670870
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2000 Aug;27(8):1937-46
references.pmid: 10955336
references.citation: Pain Res Manag. 2009 Jul-Aug;14(4):307-11
references.pmid: 19714271
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 1999 Aug;26(8):1785-92
references.pmid: 10451078
references.citation: Pain. 2000 Sep;87(3):325-334
references.pmid: 10963912
references.citation: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Nov;464:27-31
references.pmid: 17891041
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Jan;38(1):73-83
references.pmid: 10334686
references.citation: Pain Res Manag. 2007 Autumn;12(3):185-94
references.pmid: 17717610
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2008 Dec;35(12):2415-8
references.pmid: 19004032
references.citation: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Nov;464:21-6
references.pmid: 17603386
references.citation: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003 Aug;11(8):551-60
references.pmid: 12880577
references.citation: Arthritis Care Res. 1999 Feb;12(1):3-7
references.pmid: 10513484
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1994 May;37(5):687-94
references.pmid: 8185695