Effect of cigarette smoking on pain intensity of TMD patients: a pilot study.
To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking (CS) on pain intensity in a sample of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients, 352 clinical charts were reviewed. Subjects were first divided into two groups: smokers (YS) and nonsmokers (NS); then, YS were further divided into three subgroups: light smokers (LS), moderate smokers (MS), and heavy smokers (HS). Overall TMD pain intensity was higher in YS, compared to NS, and a correlation was found between pain intensity and the number of cigarettes smoked in a day by each subject. A significant difference was evident between NS and HS. The results were not evident in males; age was not correlated either with smoking or pain intensity, and the effect of CS on pain intensity was not correlated with any particular TMD diagnosis. CS seems to be a relevant factor affecting the intensity of TMD pain, thus, control of smoking habits should be considered when treating TMD patients.
Melis
Marcello
M
Craniomandibular Pain Center, Tufts University, USA. marcellomelis01@libero.it
Lobo
Silvia Lobo
SL
Ceneviz
Caroline
C
Ruparelia
Urvi N
UN
Zawawi
Khalid H
KH
Chandwani
Brijesh P
BP
Mehta
Noshir R
NR
D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000503:physiopathology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult