Age-dependent chromosomal distribution of male-biased genes in Drosophila.
We investigated the correlation between the chromosomal location and age distribution of new male-biased genes formed by duplications via DNA intermediates (DNA-level) or by de novo origination in Drosophila. Our genome-wide analysis revealed an excess of young X-linked male-biased genes. The proportion of X-linked male-biased genes then diminishes through time, leading to an autosomal excess of male-biased genes. The switch between X-linked and autosomal enrichment of male-biased genes was also present in the distribution of both protein-coding genes on the D. pseudoobscura neo-X chromosome and microRNA genes of D. melanogaster. These observations revealed that the evolution of male-biased genes is more complicated than the previously detected one-step X→A gene traffic and the enrichment of the male-biased genes on autosomes. The pattern we detected suggests that the interaction of various evolutionary forces such as the meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), faster-X effect, and sexual antagonism in the male germline might have shaped the chromosomal distribution of male-biased genes on different evolutionary time scales.
Zhang
Yong E
YE
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Vibranovski
Maria D
MD
Krinsky
Benjamin H
BH
Long
Manyuan
M
D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect; D050172:Genes, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
D019476:Insect Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs
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