title: Quinacridone-based molecular donors for solution processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells.
abstract: New soluble quinacridone-based molecules have been developed as electron donor materials for solution-processed organic solar cells. By functionalizing the pristine pigment core of quinacridone with solubilizing alkyl chains and light absorbing/charge transporting thiophene units, i.e., bithiophene (BT) and thienylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolethienyl (BTD), we prepared a series of multifunctional quinacridone-based molecules. These molecular donors show intense absorption in the visible spectral region, and the absorption range and intensity are well-tuned by the interaction between the quinacridone core and the incorporated thiophene units. The thin film absorption edge extends with the expansion of molecular conjugation, i.e., 552 nm for N,N'-di(2-ethylhexyl)quinacridone (QA), 592 nm for 2,9-Bis(5'-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophene)-N,N'-di(2-ethylhexyl)quinacridone (QA-BT), and 637 nm for 4-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (QA-BTD). The change of molecular structure also influences the electrochemical properties. Observed from cyclic voltammetry measurements, the oxidation and reduction potentials (vs ferrocene) are 0.7 and -1.83 V for QA, 0.54 and -1.76 V for QA-BT, and 0.45 and -1.68 V for QA-BTD. Uniform thin films can be generated from both single component molecular solutions and blend solutions of these molecules with [6,6]-phenyl C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The blend films exhibit space-charge limited current (SCLC) hole mobilities on the order of 1×10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) S(-1). Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells using these soluble molecules as donors and PC70BM as the acceptor were fabricated. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 2.22% under AM 1.5 G simulated 1 sun solar illumination have been achieved and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) reach as high as ∼45%.
authors.affiliation: The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: John Jun-An
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Teresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: BongSoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Justin L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mynar
authors.forename: Jean M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fréchet
authors.forename: Biwu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D004579:Electron Transport; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D012993:Solar Energy; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D012996:Solutions; C484590:quinacridone