title: Association between cystatin C and inflammation in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum cystatin C is not only a marker of renal function but also acts as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular damage, heart failure, and death. It is known that the initiation and progression of these cardiovascular events contributes to renal dysfunction and chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cystatin C and proinflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight patients with essential hypertension participated in the study, which involved measuring proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and C reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive correlations were detected between cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = -0.503, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.246, p = 0.034), and pulse pressure (r = -0.295, p = 0.010). In contrast, serum creatinine correlated only with eGFR (r = -0.755, p < 0.001) and eGFR correlated only with age (r = -0.339, p = 0.001) and not with the other clinical parameters, whereas cystatin C also correlated with log natural (ln) IL-6 (r = -0.247, p = 0.033) and ln TNF-α (r = -0.405, p < 0.001) but not with CRP (r = -0.188, p = 0.108). In contrast, plasma creatinine and eGFR did not correlate with any of these proinflammatory cytokines. Stepwise regression analysis showed that ln TNF-α, eGFR and pulse pressure were independent determinants of serum cystatin C concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that cystatin C is a marker of inflammation as well as renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Medicine and Informatics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan. okura@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jotoku
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irita
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Veena Rasika
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Desilva
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Zuowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashiba
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Jitsuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine
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