title: Biochemical and vascular aspects of pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biochemical and vascular aspects of pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tayside, Scotland, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five children with CFS/ME and 23 healthy children recruited from throughout the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent a full clinical examination to establish a diagnosis of CFS/ME and were asked to describe and score their CFS/ME symptoms. Biochemical markers were measured. Arterial wave reflection was estimated to assess systemic arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Markers of oxidative stress and free radicals, C-reactive protein level, white blood cell apoptosis, and arterial wave reflection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with CFS/ME had increased oxidative stress compared with control individuals (isoprostanes: 252.30 vs 215.60 pg/mL, P = .007; vitamin C, mean [SD]: 0.84 [0.26] vs 1.15 [0.28] mg/dL, P < .001; vitamin E, 8.72 [2.39] vs 10.94 [3.46] microg/mL, P = .01) and increased white blood cell apoptosis (neutrophils: 53.7% vs 35.7%, P = .005; lymphocytes: 40.1% vs 24.6%, P = .009). Arterial stiffness variables did not differ significantly between groups (mean augmentation index, -0.57% vs -0.47%, P = .09); however, the derived variables significantly correlated with total (r = 0.543, P = .02) and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.631, P = .004) cholesterol in patients with CFS/ME but not in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomedical anomalies seen in adults with CFS/ME-increased oxidative stress and increased white blood cell apoptosis-can also be observed in children with clinically diagnosed CFS/ME compared with matched controls. Unlike in their adult counterparts, however, arterial stiffness remained within the reference range in these pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Centre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom. g.y.kennedy@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Faisel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Jill J F
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Belch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D028421:Isoprostanes; D002097:C-Reactive Protein