Toxicity assessment of dye containing industrial effluents by acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna.
Toxicity of dye containing effluent of tannery, textile, dyes and pulp-paper industries was evaluated in an acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna. The 48-hour EC(50) values were 4.33% and 19.5% for tannery effluents (Tn1 and Tn2). Textile effluents (Tx1-Tx7) had 48-hour EC(50) values; >100%, >100%, 62.9%, 63.0%, 40.3%, >100% and >100%, respectively. Dye industries (D1-D7) had 48-hour EC(50) values; 14.1%, 15.5%, 24.5%, 29.7%, 23.2%, >100% and >100%, respectively. Similarly pulp-paper effluents (P1-P5) showed acute toxicity as 100%, 77.87%, 46.44%, 69.55% and 82.84%, respectively. These results showed linear relationship with high degree of confidence (r(2) ≥ 0.84-0.99) between immobility and test concentrations. Toxicity classification criteria showed that out of five effluents from pulp-paper mill, four were minor acutely toxic having 48-hour EC(50) value in between >46%-100%. Out of seven textile effluents, four were not acutely toxic (48-hour EC(50) value >100%) and three were minor acutely toxic (48-hour EC( 50) value in the range of 40.3%-63.0%). Similarly, out of seven dye industrial effluents, two were not acutely toxic and five minor acutely toxic. One of the two tanneries was moderately acutely toxic and another one was minor acutely toxic. Classification based on toxic unit revealed that four out of five pulp-paper effluent, three out of seven textile effluents, five out of seven dye effluents and both the tannery effluents were toxic. Overall, 66.67% effluents were found toxic and 33.33% as non-toxic. In general, tannery and dyes effluents showed more toxicity than textile and paper mill effluents.
Verma
Yogendra
Y
National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad-380 016, India. yvnioh@yahoo.co.in
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010209:Paper; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013633:Tanning; D013783:Textile Industry; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical