title: Early origin of adult renal disease.
abstract: Observational studies in humans and experimental studies in animals have clearly shown that renal failure may start early in life. 'Fetal programming' is regulated by adaptations occurring in uterus including maternal nutrition, placental blood supply, and epigenetic changes. Low birth weight predisposes to hypertension and renal insufficiency. Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract, adverse postnatal events, wrong nutritional habits may produce renal damage that will become clinically relevant in adulthood. Prevention should start early in children at risk of renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Nephrology Unit, G. Di Cristina Children's Hospital, A.R.N.A.S. Civico, Di Cristina, Fatebenefratelli, Palermo, Italy. s.maringhini@ospedalecivicopa.org
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maringhini
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maringhini
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cusumano
authors.forename: Vitalba
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Azzolina
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000151:congenital / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics