title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances cellular proliferation and motor function recovery on rats subjected to traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in neurological dysfunction and death through primary or secondary mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the effect of osmotic pump delivery of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the histopathology and motor function recovery of rats after experimental TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental model by fluid percussion device to cause brain injury on the motor cortex area. The rats were simultaneously subjected to TBI and were implanted of min-osmotic pump containing recombinant human G-CSF (300 μg/700 μl) via intraperitoneal injection. Motor function was assessed by rotarod test. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label the proliferating cells and their differentiation was evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The G-CSF group showed significantly better motor function recovery than the control group, and the effect lasted up to 14 days after TBI. Moreover, the G-CSF group exhibited a greater increase in the number of BrdU-positive cells compared with the control group. The G-CSF group also had a significantly higher number of DCX-positive cells in the ipsilateral subventricular zone (SVZ) than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the beneficial effect of delivering G-CSF via an osmotic pump may improve the motor function and enhance neurogenesis in the SVZ of the injured brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Bing Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Dar-Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Fu
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hung-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Shen-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fu-Chou
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000714848:Dcx protein, rat; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor