Niemann-Pick type C disease: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches.
Cholesterol is an important lipid of mammalian cells. Its unique physicochemical properties modulate membrane behavior and it serves as the precursor for steroid hormones, oxysterols and vitamin D. Cholesterol is effluxed from the late endosomes/lysosomes via the concerted action of at least two distinct proteins: Niemann-Pick C (NPC)1 and NPC2. Mutations in these two proteins manifest as NPC disease - a very rare, usually fatal, autosomal, recessive, neurovisceral, lysosomal storage disorder. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action for NPC1 and NPC2 in mediating cholesterol efflux, as well as the different therapeutic approaches being pursued for the treatment of this lipid storage disorder.
Rosenbaum
Anton I
AI
Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Maxfield
Frederick R
FR
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D000077296:Niemann-Pick C1 Protein; D052556:Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine*; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; C106881:NPC1 protein, human; C104585:NPC2 protein, human; D000077296:Niemann-Pick C1 Protein; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; C112980:acid sphingomyelinase-1; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase
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