title: Self-efficacy buffers the relationship between dementia caregiving stress and circulating concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 has been linked with health morbidity, particularly risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of coping self-efficacy on the relationship between caregiving stress and circulating concentrations of IL-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  a total of 62 elderly caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (mean age: 74 years) were assessed for plasma concentrations of IL-6, caregiving-related overload, and coping self-efficacy. Multiple regression was used to examine the main effects of stress and self-efficacy, as well as the interaction between stress and self-efficacy, in predicting plasma IL-6 after controlling for age, gender, resting blood pressure, and obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  there was a significant interaction between stress and self-efficacy in predicting IL-6. Post-hoc examination indicated that when self-efficacy was low, stress was significantly related to IL-6 (β = 0.43). However, when self-efficacy was high, stress was not significantly related to IL-6 (β = -0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  caregiving stress in combination with low coping self-efficacy is significantly related to IL-6, a known risk marker for health morbidity, particularly CVD. However, stress was not associated with IL-6 with high self-efficacy. Although limited and preliminary, these results point to a potential protective effect of self-efficacy on caregiver health that can be tested in longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0680, USA. bmausbach@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Brent T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Mausbach
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Känel
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Roepke
authors.forename: Raeanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ancoli-Israel
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000451:nursing*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6
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