title: The role of restaging borderline ovarian tumors: single institution experience and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a histological category of epithelial ovarian tumors and 70% of them are early diagnosed (stage I). Since early stage is the most important prognostic factor, restaging procedure could be justified. This study aims to evaluate the role of restaging surgery in the management of patients with borderline ovarian tumors referred to our Institution after being incompletely surgically staged in other hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with BOT who were referred to our centre to undergo restaging procedure. From December 1995 to May 2008, 186 patients were treated for BOT and 70 patients met the inclusion criteria. Data collected included patients' age, primary and re-staging surgery details, FIGO stage after first and second procedure, pathological findings, and follow-up data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FIGO stage after primary surgery was IA in 46 patients (68.6%), IB in 7 patients (10.4%), IC in 12 patients (17.9%, 6 due to ruptured cyst), IIA in 1 patient (1.4%), IIB in 1 patient (1.4%), III B in 2 patients (2.8%), and IIIC in 1 patient (1.4%). Among stage I patients (representing 97% of all patients), 12.3% (8 patients) were up-staged. The upstaging rate among serous tumors was 16.2%, and 4% among mucinous tumors. The mean follow-up time was 60.4 months from restaging surgery (SD 30.6 months). We observed 8 primary recurrences of the disease and 3 second recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no differences in terms of overall survival between patients who were upstaged and those who were not. Restaging procedure does not seem to have a significant impact on the management of patients diagnosed with borderline ovarian tumors, especially in mucinous subtype and apparent FIGO stage higher than I.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ignaciozapardiel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zapardiel
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peiretti
authors.forename: Vanna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanagnolo
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanguineti
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aletti
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Landoni
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bocciolone
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maggioni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult