title: Back injury trajectories in heavy industries: defining outcomes for epidemiological research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose an incidence definition of back injury for epidemiologic studies using health care contacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical services, hospitalizations, and workers' compensation data were linked for a longitudinal database of health care contacts among a cohort of heavy-industry workers for trajectory, group-based analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 25.8% of workers had no health care contacts for back injury. Among workers with at least one contact, four trajectories were identified: one with a high probability of back injury during follow-up and three with episodic trajectories of increasing and decreasing probability of back injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workers with no back injury history could be followed for incidence in cohort studies or as controls in case-control designs. Episodic groups could be followed for new episodes, providing they were free of health care contacts for back injury for at least 3 years.
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, School of Environmental Health, College for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. mieke.koehoorn@ubc.ca
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koehoorn
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Village
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trask
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teschke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D017050:Episode of Care; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy