title: Three-dimensional surgical simulation.
abstract: In this article, we discuss the development of methods for computer-aided jaw surgery, which allows us to incorporate the high level of precision necessary for transferring virtual plans into the operating room. We also present a complete computer-aided surgery system developed in close collaboration with surgeons. Surgery planning and simulation include construction of 3-dimensional surface models from cone-beam computed tomography, dynamic cephalometry, semiautomatic mirroring, interactive cutting of bone, and bony segment repositioning. A virtual setup can be used to manufacture positioning splints for intraoperative guidance. The system provides further intraoperative assistance with a computer display showing jaw positions and 3-dimensional positioning guides updated in real time during the surgical procedure. The computer-aided surgery system aids in dealing with complex cases with benefits for the patient, with surgical practice, and for orthodontic finishing. Advanced software tools for diagnosis and treatment planning allow preparation of detailed operative plans, osteotomy repositioning, bone reconstructions, surgical resident training, and assessing the difficulties of the surgical procedures before the surgery. Computer-aided surgery can make the elaboration of the surgical plan a more flexible process, increase the level of detail and accuracy of the plan, yield higher operative precision and control, and enhance documentation of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA. cevidanl@dentistry.unc.edu
authors.forename: Lucia H C
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cevidanes
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Styner
authors.forename: Hyungmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapuis
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Proffit
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turvey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaskolka
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003626:Data Display; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007256:Information Systems; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D003765:Models, Dental; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
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