title: Alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical drug use disorders in U.S. Adults aged 65 years and older: data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence, sociodemographic, and health-related correlates of substance use disorders, including alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical drug use among adults aged 65 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a cross-sectional survey of a population-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight thousand two hundred five adults aged 65 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of lifetime and past 12-month Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, determined alcohol, tobacco, and nonmedical drug use disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of any substance use disorder was 21.1% during the lifetime and 5.4% in the past 12 months. Lifetime and past 12-month alcohol use disorders were 16.1% and 1.5%; tobacco use disorders were 8.7% and 4.0%; and nonmedical drug use disorders were 0.6% and 0.2%, respectively. Younger age was associated with greater odds of any lifetime or past 12-month substance use disorders. Men and those who were divorced or separated had greater odds of both lifetime alcohol and tobacco use disorders. Very good or excellent self-rated health was associated with lower odds of lifetime and past 12-month tobacco use disorders. Younger age and being divorced or separated were associated with greater odds of lifetime nonmedical drug use disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than one in five older adults ever had a substance use disorder, and more than 1 in 20 had a disorder in the past 12 months, primarily involving alcohol or tobacco. Older adults have increased comorbidities and use of medications, which can increase risks associated with substance use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jlin1207@ucla.edu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Karno
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grella
authors.forename: Umme
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Warda
authors.forename: Diana H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Peifung
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Alison A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003710:Demography; D004243:Divorce; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012651:Self Medication / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 1998 Nov;13(11):729-34
references.pmid: 9824517
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2009 Aug;99(8):1471-7
references.pmid: 19008515
references.citation: Subst Abus. 2005 Mar;26(1):33-42
references.pmid: 16492661
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;58(9):810-6
references.pmid: 11545662
references.citation: Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007 Mar;5(1):64-74
references.pmid: 17608249
references.citation: Alcohol Res Health. 2002;26(4):308-15
references.pmid: 12875042
references.citation: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1977 Mar;21(3):343-54
references.pmid: 837653
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2006 Apr;16(4):257-65
references.pmid: 16275134
references.citation: Clin Geriatr Med. 2003 Nov;19(4):743-61
references.pmid: 15024810
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 Jan;63(1):98-106
references.pmid: 18245767
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Oct 8;90(2-3):280-7
references.pmid: 17544227
references.citation: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Sep;17(9):769-81
references.pmid: 19700949
references.citation: Subst Use Misuse. 1997 Feb;32(3):317-42
references.pmid: 9058478
references.citation: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Mar;17(3):237-45
references.pmid: 19454850
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;61(8):807-16
references.pmid: 15289279
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2004 Nov;94(11):1985-91
references.pmid: 15514241
references.citation: Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(2):100-10
references.pmid: 23584812
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 May;64(5):566-76
references.pmid: 17485608
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;67(7):1062-73
references.pmid: 16889449
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2002 May;63(3):316-24
references.pmid: 12086132
references.citation: Addiction. 2006 Jan;101(1):91-9
references.pmid: 16393195
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Nov 8;85(2):91-102
references.pmid: 16704909
references.citation: Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2006 Dec;4(4):380-94
references.pmid: 17296542
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Oct;166(10):1162-9
references.pmid: 19687131
references.citation: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Nov-Dec;10(6):740-7
references.pmid: 12427583
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 2009 Jul-Aug;50(4):299-306
references.pmid: 19486727
references.citation: Med Care. 1999 Feb;37(2):165-79
references.pmid: 10024121
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1998 Jan;88(1):27-33
references.pmid: 9584029
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Oct 1;80(1):105-16
references.pmid: 16157233
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Mar 10;291(10):1238-45
references.pmid: 15010446
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 May;54(5):757-62
references.pmid: 16696740
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2003 Jun;22(2):125-33
references.pmid: 12850898
references.citation: Addiction. 2007 Apr;102(4):623-9
references.pmid: 17309538
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;64(7):830-42
references.pmid: 17606817
references.citation: Addiction. 2009 Jan;104(1):88-96
references.pmid: 19133892
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003 Jan;24(1):43-50
references.pmid: 12646329
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;52(3):219-29
references.pmid: 7872850
references.citation: Alcohol Res Health. 2006;29(3):162-71
references.pmid: 17373404