title: Sleep pattern in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: The prevalence of sleep disorders is significantly elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Numerous factors likely contribute to the high prevalence of sleep problems in uremic patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term sleep pattern changes in uremic rats during disease progression. Sleep recordings of the rats were monitored during light and dark periods that lasted 12 h each. These recordings were performed on days 7, 30, 60, and 90 after CKD induction. Cardiovascular, hormonal, and biochemical changes were evaluated at these same time points in control and uremic rats. CKD progression was reflected by the presence of hypertension and progressive increases in urea, creatinine, and cholesterol levels. We also observed hormonal fluctuations of corticosterone and ACTH, which indicated a potential alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in diseased rats. In addition, rats with CKD demonstrated fragmented sleep with a greater number of arousals and decreased sleep efficiency in the light period during disease progression. In the dark period, there was an initial increase in sleep efficiency in CKD rats, but after 90 days of CKD, these animals slept less compared with the control group. Collectively, these metabolic and cardiovascular changes were associated with the persistent alterations in sleep architecture observed in CKD rats.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirotsu
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Cassia Toledo
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: Neuli Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tenorio
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Monica Levy
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006339:Heart Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids