title: The effect of laser treatment on bonding between zirconia ceramic surface and resin cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different surface treatments and laser irradiation on the shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia-based ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty zirconia core specimens (10-mm diameter, 2-mm thickness) were produced and embedded in the centers of autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks. Subsequently, specimens were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 10 specimens, for different surface treatment methods. The details of the groups are as follows: Group C, no treatment applied (control); Group SB, bonding surfaces of ceramic disks were airborne particle-abraded with 110-μm alumina oxide particles; Group HF, bonding surfaces of ceramic disks were etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid; and Group L, bonding surfaces of ceramic disks were irradiated by a CO₂ laser. A total of 40 composite resin disks were fabricated and cemented with an adhesive resin cement to the specimen surfaces. A universal test machine was used for the shear bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest shear bond strength values were obtained with Group L (20.99 ± 3.77 MPa) and the lowest values with Group C (13.39 ± 3.10 MPa). Although there was no significant difference between Groups C, HF and SB (P > 0.05), Group L showed a significant difference from all other groups (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All surface treatment methods improved the bond strength between resin cement and the zirconium oxide ceramic surface. CO₂ laser etching may represent an effective method for conditioning zirconia surfaces, enhancing micromechanical retention and improving the bond strength of resin cement on zirconia ceramic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. cagriural@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Çağrı
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Külünk
authors.forename: Şafak
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Külünk
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurt
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide