title: Influence of dipyridamole and its combination with NO donor or NO synthase inhibitor on adjuvant arthritis.
abstract: The anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of dipyridamole and the possible involvement of NO in the dipyridamole action are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dipyridamole alone and in combination with either the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or the non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NG- monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), on pathogenesis of adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. The results of the present work showed that prophylactic administration of dipyridamole alone and dipyridamole administration in combination with either low dose of SNP or L-NMMA significantly ameliorated pathogenesis of adjuvant arthritis in rats as evidenced by significant decrease in arthritis index, hind paws volume, loss of body weight, hyperalgesia compared with control vehicle (1% DMSO) treated adjuvant arthritic rats. Inflammatory cellular infiltrate in synovium of ankle joint and pannus formation were also markedly inhibited. Interleukin-10(IL-10) levels were significantly increased in these groups of animals. In contrast, a high dose of SNP counteracted the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of dipyridamole. The inhibitory effect of therapeutic administration of dipyridamole alone on adjuvant arthritis syndrome was not significantly different from that of vehicle administration. In conclusion, dipyridamole has prophylactic but not therapeutic anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects that appear to be dependent on inhibition of NO synthase. A synergistic combination between dipyridamole and NO synthase inhibitor or low dose of NO donor may have prophylactic and therapeutic values in autoimmune diseases like RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-madinah Almunawwarah, KSA. a.gomma@aun.edu.eg
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomaa
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elshenawy
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Afifi
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Romany
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thabit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D004176:Dipyridamole; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase