title: Changes in rates, methods and characteristics of suicide attempters over a 15-year period: comparison between Stockholm, Sweden, and Würzburg, Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate age and sex-specific changes in rates, methods used and characteristics of suicide attempters receiving medical care, over a 15-year period in two European WHO catchment areas (Stockholm, Sweden; and Würzburg, Germany).
  
  
  METHODS
  The data for this study were obtained from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour for the period 1989-2003. Sex-specific, person-based suicide attempt rates were calculated for each year separately for the age groups 15-24 and 25 or above. The Chi-square test for trend was applied to estimate changes in proportions of socio-demographic and socio-economic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly, increasing trends in suicide attempt rates occurred in young females, and in males and females aged 25 or above in Würzburg. On the contrary, men 25 years and above showed a significant decrease in suicide attempt rates in Stockholm. Young females in Würzburg tended to use less violent methods for their attempts whereas in Stockholm young females were increasingly inclined to attempt suicide using violent methods. In Stockholm, young female suicide attempters tended to be more often economically inactive, particularly due to an increasing proportion of students. Young females in Würzburg were often less well educated, as were their young male counterparts. This contrasted with trends in the education of men and women of 25 or above in Stockholm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest temporal changes in trends, methods used and in the social profile of suicide attempters.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
authors.forename: Ilze
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bogdanovica
authors.forename: Guo-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Löhr
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidtke
authors.forename: Ellenor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mittendorfer-Rutz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000639:trends*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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