title: Bioactive polymer/extracellular matrix scaffolds fabricated with a flow perfusion bioreactor for cartilage tissue engineering.
abstract: In this study, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) microfiber scaffolds, coated with cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), were fabricated by first culturing chondrocytes under dynamic conditions in a flow perfusion bioreactor and then decellularizing the cellular constructs. The decellularization procedure yielded acellular PCL/ECM composite scaffolds containing glycosaminoglycan and collagen. PCL/ECM composite scaffolds were evaluated for their ability to support the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro using serum-free medium with or without the addition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PCL/ECM composite scaffolds supported chondrogenic differentiation induced by TGF-β1 exposure, as evidenced in the up-regulation of aggrecan (11.6 ± 3.8 fold) and collagen type II (668.4 ± 317.7 fold) gene expression. The presence of cartilaginous matrix alone reduced collagen type I gene expression to levels observed with TGF-β1 treatment. Cartilaginous matrix further enhanced the effects of growth factor treatment on MSC chondrogenesis as evidenced in the higher glycosaminoglycan synthetic activity for cells cultured on PCL/ECM composite scaffolds. Therefore, flow perfusion culture of chondrocytes on electrospun microfiber scaffolds is a promising method to fabricate polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds that incorporate both natural and synthetic components to provide biological signals for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA.
authors.forename: Jiehong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: K Jane
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Grande-Allen
authors.forename: F Kurtis
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mikos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019149:Bioreactors; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012212:Rheology / Q000187:drug effects; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone
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