title: Influence of hydrophobic mismatch and amino acid composition on the lateral diffusion of transmembrane peptides.
abstract: We investigated the effect of amino acid composition and hydrophobic length of alpha-helical transmembrane peptides and the role of electrostatic interactions on the lateral diffusion of the peptides in lipid membranes. Model peptides of varying length and composition, and either tryptophans or lysines as flanking residues, were synthesized. The peptides were labeled with the fluorescent label Alexa Fluor 488 and incorporated into phospholipid bilayers of different hydrophobic thickness and composition. Giant unilamellar vesicles were formed by electroformation, and the lateral diffusion of the transmembrane peptides (and lipids) was determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In addition, we performed coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations of single peptides of different hydrophobic lengths embedded in planar membranes of different thicknesses. Both the experimental and simulation results indicate that lateral diffusion is sensitive to membrane thickness between the peptides and surrounding lipids. We did not observe a difference in the lateral diffusion of the peptides with respect to the presence of tryptophans or lysines as flanking residues. The specific lipid headgroup composition of the membrane has a much less pronounced impact on the diffusion of the peptides than does the hydrophobic thickness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre, and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sivaramakrishnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramadurai
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Lars V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Victor V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Krasnikov
authors.forename: Dirk T S
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Rijkers
authors.forename: Siewert J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Marrink
authors.forename: J Antoinette
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Killian
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poolman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010743:Phospholipids
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