Anatomical variations of the carpal tunnel structures.
There are many anatomical variations in and around the carpal tunnel that affect the nerves, tendons and arteries in this area. Awareness of these variations is important both during the clinical examination and during carpal tunnel release. The purpose of the present review is to highlight recognized anatomical variations within the carpal tunnel including variation in nerve anatomy, tendon anatomical variants, vascular anatomical variations and muscle anatomical variations.
Mitchell
Ryan
R
Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba;
Chesney
Amy
A
Seal
Shane
S
McKnight
Leslie
L
Thoma
Achilleas
A
J Hand Surg Am. 1988 May;13(3):325-8
3379262
Br J Plast Surg. 1997 Dec;50(8):654-6
9613412
J Hand Surg Am. 2005 May;30(3):483-6
15925156
J Hand Surg Am. 1985 Nov;10(6 Pt 1):864-7
4078270
J Hand Surg Am. 1977 Jan;2(1):44-53
839054
J Hand Surg Am. 1986 Jul;11(4):536-9
3722766
Can J Surg. 1998 Aug;41(4):306-8
9711164
Surg Radiol Anat. 1993;15(3):193-5
8235961
J Hand Surg Br. 1994 Feb;19(1):22-3
8169470
J Hand Surg Am. 1996 Mar;21(2):251-2
8683056
J Hand Surg Br. 2002 Dec;27(6):580-2
12475521
J Hand Surg Br. 1997 Jun;22(3):328-30
9222911
Br J Plast Surg. 1985 Jul;38(3):394-5
4016427
Head Neck. 2006 May;28(5):447-52
16388528
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973 Sep;55(6):1212-7
4758035
J Neurosurg. 1987 Nov;67(5):754-6
3668645
J Hand Surg Am. 1992 Jan;17(1):47-53
1538112
Hand. 1974 Jun;6(2):155-6
4846211
J Hand Surg Br. 1994 Oct;19(5):616-7
7822922
J Hand Surg Am. 2003 Sep;28(5):849-55
14507518
Ann Plast Surg. 1992 Apr;28(4):370-2
1596072
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Nov;106(6):1336-9
11083565
J Neurosurg. 2002 Aug;97(2):471-3
12186479
J Hand Surg Br. 2001 Aug;26(4):373-6
11469843
Hand Surg. 2003 Jul;8(1):141-3
12923952
J Neurol. 2000 Feb;247(2):141-2
10751120
J Neurosurg. 1981 May;54(5):668-9
7229707
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973 Jan;51(1):90-2
4687572
Bull Los Angel Neuro Soc. 1964 Sep;29:133-42
14214210
Muscle Nerve. 2005 Jan;31(1):95-7
15389650
J Hand Surg Br. 1985 Feb;10(1):83-4
3998612
Clin Imaging. 1996 Jul-Sep;20(3):219-21
8877177
Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1997 Mar;31(1):13-6
9075283
J Ultrasound Med. 2002 Apr;21(4):455-61
11934102
J Hand Surg Br. 1996 Jun;21(3):344-6
8771472
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004 Apr;124(3):154-6
14767781
Microsurgery. 2004;24(1):24-5
14748020
Tohoku J Exp Med. 1983 Nov;141(3):269-74
6316583
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1960 Apr;42-A:467-70
13853793
Hand. 1975 Feb;7(1):22-4
1116777
J Neurosurg. 2000 May;92(5):860-2
10794302
Hand. 1981 Feb;13(1):85-6
7203186
Neurology. 1979 Nov;29(11):1534-7
574211
J Hand Surg Am. 1979 Jan;4(1):79-83
759509
J Hand Surg Am. 1992 Jan;17(1):54-9
1311344
Surg Radiol Anat. 1999;21(2):115-8
10399211
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971 Jan;53(1):160-2
5540152