title: Cardiac response during trumpet playing.
abstract: Heart rate, heart rate variability, stroke volume, and cardiac output were measured while six college students and six professionals played trumpet. One-minute rest periods were followed by 1 minute of playing exercises designed to assess the effects of pitch and articulation. Heart rate and heart rate variability increased during playing, but stroke volume decreased. Changes in heart rate between resting and playing were greater for students, although beat-to-beat variability was larger for professionals in the upper register. These results suggest that expertise is characterized by greater physiological efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Trumpet Studio at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA. durobert@iup.edu
authors.forename: Donald U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Federoff
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Eisensmith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012146:Rest; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*