[Sonography of the parenchyma in Parkinson's disease].
Transcranial sonography (TCS) of the brain parenchyma is a non-invasive and easily applicable neuroimaging technique which is used as a diagnostic tool in Parkinson's disease. Up to 90% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease but only 10-15% of the healthy population show an abnormal echogenicity (hyperechogenicity) of the substantia nigra (SN). TCS has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of patients with essential tremor or atypical parkinsonian syndromes, including the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) where hyperechogenicity of the SN is less frequent. Abnormal echogenicity of the SN has been found in almost all investigated monogenic types of parkinsonism and even in asymptomatic mutation carriers. The nature of the pathological substrate leading to the abnormal echogenicity of the SN remains elusive. Longitudinal studies of asymptomatic subjects with abnormal echogenicity of the SN are still ongoing to evaluate the risk for developing Parkinson's disease in the future in these subjects.
Hagenah
J
J
Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein,Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland. johann.hagenah@neuro.uni-luebeck.de
Seidel
G
G
D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
Neurology. 1995 Jan;45(1):182-4
7824114
J Ultrasound Med. 2009 Aug;28(8):1009-13
19643782
Brain. 2006 May;129(Pt 5):1188-93
16513685
Neurology. 2008 Oct 14;71(16):1294; author reply 1294
18852448
Neurology. 2004 Aug 10;63(3):504-9
15304582
Neuroimage. 2003 Feb;18(2):416-22
12595195
Mov Disord. 2005 Mar;20(3):383-5
15486999
Mov Disord. 2004 Oct;19(10):1196-202
15390014
Mov Disord. 2006 Sep;21(9):1506-10
16758483
Arch Neurol. 2007 Nov;64(11):1635-40
17998447
Mov Disord. 2008 Mar 15;23(4):596-9
18175346
Stroke. 1993 Oct;24(10):1519-27
8378956
Neurology. 1996 Nov;47(5):1284-90
8909444
Mov Disord. 2007 Jan;22(1):48-54
17083096
Mov Disord. 2008 Feb 15;23(3):405-10
18067184
Mov Disord. 2004 Dec;19(12):1445-9
15390070
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;76(3):423-5
15716540
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;79(9):1071-4
18469032
J Neurol. 2006 Apr;253(4):448-54
16267638
Mov Disord. 2007 Feb 15;22(3):414-7
17226854
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Feb;109(2):191-6
12075859
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007 Sep;114(9):1167-71
17446999
Mov Disord. 2005 Oct;20(10):1278-85
15986424
Stroke. 1998 Dec;29(12):2563-7
9836768
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;81(10):1087-92
20543186
Mov Disord. 2009 Aug 15;24(11):1669-75
19514075
Arch Neurol. 2010 Nov;67(11):1357-63
21060012
Neurology. 2003 Jan 14;60(1):74-7
12525721
J Neuroimaging. 1995 Apr;5(2):105-8
7718936
Atherosclerosis. 2008 May;198(1):129-35
18221743
J Clin Neurosci. 2010 Apr;17(4):506-10
20093029
J Neurol. 2007 Oct;254(10):1407-13
17934880
J Neurol. 2007 May;254(5):613-6
17415511
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Oct;67(4):457-62
10486391
J Neurol. 2009 Apr;256(4):530-8
19224315
Neuroimage. 2010 May 15;51(1):28-32
20152909
Mov Disord. 2001 Jan;16(1):23-32
11215589
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1999 Jul;25(6):901-4
10461717
Acta Neurol Scand. 2009 Jan;119(1):17-21
18549415