title: Lower extremity changes experienced during pregnancy.
abstract: The anatomic and physiologic changes occurring with pregnancy result in a variety of symptoms affecting the lower extremity. The purpose of this investigation is to provide a comprehensive look at the lower extremity changes experienced during pregnancy and correlate symptoms with underlying etiology in a literature review. In this retrospective study, 100 postpartum women were interviewed regarding the lower extremity changes experienced in pregnancy. The interview included dermatologic, vascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal portions. Results demonstrate more than 50% of women reported faster toenail growth, roughened toenail texture, increased dryness of the skin, swelling of the foot, ankle, and leg, unsteady gait, increased foot width, and hip pain. Though a majority of patients did not experience the remaining symptoms represented in the interview, all results are pertinent and deserve understanding to provide better insight and care for the pregnant woman. Therefore, a thorough literature review is presented to correlate the outcomes of the present study with previously published research.
authors.affiliation: SSM DePaul Health Center, Bridgeton, MO, USA. Priyaponnapula@gmail.com
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponnapula
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Boberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000503:physiopathology; D004487:Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000503:physiopathology; D009262:Nails / Q000254:growth & development; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000503:physiopathology