Mobbing against nurses in the workplace in Turkey.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine whether the nurses have been exposed to mobbing or not, and to reveal the causes of the mobbing between 3 November 2008 and 31 December 2008.


METHODS
This research was a mixed method study involving survey and focus group interviews. The sample was calculated using sample calculation formula, and 206 nurses were included in the survey study. Four focus group interviews were later carried out with 16 nurses. The survey method and semi-structured question form were used to collect data. The percentage and chi-square were used to evaluate the quantitative data, and for the analysis of the qualitative data, descriptive analyses were made through direct quotations from the nurses' statements.


RESULTS
According to the mobbing scale, 9.7% of the nurses had been exposed to mobbing, but according to their own declarations, 33% had been exposed. Some of the nurses (25.2%) who expressed that they had been exposed to mobbing reported that the executor of mobbing was the head nurse and 9.2% said that the reason for mobbing was 'communication problems'. Nurses under 25 years of age and those who work in intensive care units are apparently exposed to mobbing more frequently than others (P<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that head nurses' mobbing behaviours should be determined and they should be educated about leadership. Nurses should be educated about assertiveness to prevent mobbing. The necessary measures should be adopted to solve the 'communication problems', which are shown as a major reason for mobbing.
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Nursing Department, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
Ayaz
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D000328:Adult; D017144:Focus Groups; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D012919:Social Behavior; D014421:Turkey; D014754:Violence