title: Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge by direct hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, a three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for direct determination of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen) in sewage sludge. The drugs were extracted from non-spiked and spiked slurry samples with different amounts of sludge into an organic phase and then back-extracted into an aqueous phase held in the lumen of the hollow fiber. High enrichment factors ranging from 2761 to 3254 in pure water were achieved. In sludge samples, repeatability and inter-day precision were tested with relative standard deviation values between 10-18% and 7-15%, respectively. Average concentrations of 29±9, 138±2, 39±5 and 122±7 ng/g were determined in dried sludge from Källby sewage treatment plant (Sweden) for ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sagristà
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezoddin
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Victòria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salvadó
authors.forename: Jan Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000032:analysis; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012722:Sewage; D004008:Diclofenac; D009288:Naproxen; D007660:Ketoprofen; D007052:Ibuprofen