title: Comparative study of mitoxantrone efficacy profile in patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitoxantrone (MTX) is an immunosuppressive drug approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate and to compare the clinical and neuroradiological responses to MTX in relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, open-label, observational study to evaluate the clinical and neuroradiological response to the drug in 79 patients with RR MS and 210 patients with SP MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the number of relapses was observed during MTX treatment and in the year after in both RR and SP MS patients. On the contrary, an opposite behavior in terms of disease progression was found in RR compared with SP MS patients, resulting in a statistically significant improvement of the Expanded Disability Status Scale score during the MTX treatment (p < 0.001) and in the year after (p < 0.001) for RR MS patients compared with a continuous, although mild, worsening of the disability in SP MS patients (p < 0.001). Finally, a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of new Gd-enhanced lesions in both RR and SP MS patients was observed in a subgroup of 224 individuals who underwent a brain MRI evaluation before and after MTX treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTX should be considered as an effective therapeutic option in RR MS patients with evidence of relevant disease activity, but the potential life-threatening adverse events and the overall benefit-risk ratio must be carefully evaluated at individual patient level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. esposito.federica@hsr.it
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sormani
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinelli Boneschi
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moiola
authors.forename: Maria Assunta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: Mariaemma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodegher
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone