title: [Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)--renal imaging: concepts and applications].
abstract: Many renal diseases as well as several pharmacons cause a change in renal blood flow and/or renal oxygenation. The blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging takes advantage of local field inhomogeneities and is based on a T2*-weighted sequence. BOLD is a non-invasive method allowing an estimation of the renal, particularly the medullary oxygenation, and an indirect measurement of blood flow without administration of contrast agents. Thus, effects of different drugs on the kidney and various renal diseases can be controlled and observed. This work will provide an overview of the studies carried out so far and identify ways how BOLD can be used in clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim. Johanna.nissen@umm.de
authors.forename: Johanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Moritz B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mie
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Zöllner
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haneder
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Henrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Michaely
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen