title: Effects of telmisartan on insulin resistance in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  PPARgamma agonists are widely used in type 2 diabetic patients to reduce insulin resistance. Recently, telmisartan, an AT1 receptor antagonist, was reported to function as a partial agonist of PPARgamma based on in vitro experiments. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PPARgamma enhancing activity of telmisartan is exerted clinically in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effects of telmisartan with those of candesartan, on insulin sensitivity, the serum levels of various adipocytokines and oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 85 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension, maintained on 8 mg per day of candesartan, were randomly assigned to the TM group (candesartan switched to 40 mg of telmisartan, n=38) or the CD group (no treatment change, n=47).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 3 months, oxidized lipids were significantly decreased only in the TM group. Although the homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) tended to be improved and serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and HMW adiponectin tended to be increased only in the TM group, these alterations were too small to be significant by unpaired t-test. Interestingly, in subgroup analysis, the alterations of HOMA-R, serum concentrations of oxidized lipids, and HMW adiponectin were more apparent in obese TM group subjects and the changes reached statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching from candesartan to telmisartan in obese subjects increases serum adiponectin and improves both insulin resistance and oxidative stress, while these effects were not statistically apparent in the total patient population. These results support the idea that telmisartan exerts its PPARgamma enhancing activity clinically in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumita
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikebukuro
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Hiraku
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Awata
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007564:Japan; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D000077333:Telmisartan; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D047495:PPAR gamma; D013777:Tetrazoles; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C081643:candesartan; D000077333:Telmisartan