title: Protective effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan on epirubicin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and early ventricular impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress and RAAS play an important role in the occurrence of anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, inhibits activation of superoxide sources and induces anti-inflammatory effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The possible role of telmisartan in preventing myocardial damage induced by epirubicin (EPI) was investigated. Forty-nine patients free from cardiovascular diseases affected by a variety of solid cancers were examined. Eligible patients were randomized to receive telmisartan (40 mg/d; TEL, n = 25) or placebo (PLA, n = 24) starting 1 week before chemotherapy. Patients were studied by means of echocardiography, tissue Doppler, and strain and strain rate (SR) imaging. We also measured plasma levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. All parameters were assessed at baseline and 7 days after every new EPI dose of 100 mg/m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An impairment of the SR peak was observed at the EPI dose of 200 mg/m(2), with no significant differences between TEL and PLA (1.41 +/- 0.31 vs 1.59 +/- 0.36/s). At growing cumulative doses of EPI, SR normalized only in TEL, showing a significant difference in comparison to PLA at EPI doses of 300 mg/m(2) (1.69 +/- 0.42 vs 1.34 +/- 0.18/s, P < .001) and 400 mg/m(2) (1.74 +/- 0.27 vs 1.38 +/- 0.24/s, P < .001). Moreover, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and interleukin-6 was found in PLA; but these remained unchanged in TEL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed that EPI-induced cardiotoxicity is primarily related to the inactivation of the cardiac antioxidant defenses. In addition, we showed that telmisartan can reduce EPI-induced radical species, antagonize the inflammation, and reverse the early myocardial impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deidda
authors.forename: Mariele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dessì
authors.forename: Clelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massa
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mercuro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D000077333:Telmisartan; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015251:Epirubicin; D000077333:Telmisartan