title: EGF regulates survivin stability through the Raf-1/ERK pathway in insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postnatal expansion of the pancreatic β-cell mass is required to maintain glucose homeostasis immediately after birth. This β-cell expansion is regulated by multiple growth factors, including glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). These mitogens signal through several downstream pathways (AKT, ERK, STAT3, and JNK) to regulate the survival and proliferation of β-cells. Survivin, an oncofetal protein with both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties, is a known transcriptional target of both IGF-1 and EGF in cancer cells. Here, we analyzed the effects of the β-cell mitogens IGF-1 and EGF on survivin regulation in the established pancreatic β-cell model cell lines, MIN6 and INS-1 and in primary mouse islets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pancreatic β-cells, treatment with glucose, insulin, or EGF increased survivin protein levels at early time points. By contrast, no significant effects on survivin were observed following IGF-1 treatment. EGF-stimulated increases in survivin protein were abrogated in the presence of downstream inhibitors of the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway. EGF had no significant effect on survivin transcription however it prolonged the half-life of the survivin protein and stabilized survivin protein levels by inhibiting surviving ubiquitination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study defines a novel mechanism of survivin regulation by EGF through the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway in pancreatic β-cells, via prolongation of survivin protein half-life and inhibition of the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway. This mechanism may be important for regulating β-cell expansion after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Haijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gambosova
authors.forename: Zachary A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassai
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: Charlotte M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Boney
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Altura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000077022:Survivin; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D005947:Glucose
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