Calcium and secondary CPK signaling in plants in response to herbivore attack.
Plant Ca(2+) signals are involved in a sizable array of intracellular signaling pathways after pest invasion. Upon herbivore feeding there is a dramatic Ca(2+) influx, followed by the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways that include interacting downstream networks of kinases for defense responses. Notably, Ca(2+)-binding sensory proteins such as Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) have recently been documented to mediate the signaling following Ca(2+) influx after herbivory, in phytohormone-independent manners. Here, we review the sequence of signal transductions triggered by herbivory-evoked Ca(2+) signaling leading to CPK actions for defense responses, and discuss in a comparative way the involvement of CPKs in the signal transduction of a variety of other biotic and abiotic stresses.
Arimura
Gen-Ichiro
G
Global COE Program: Evolution and Biodiversity, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. garimura@ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Maffei
Massimo E
ME
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004435:Eating; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007313:Insecta / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000469:parasitology*
D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium