title: Consensus recommendations for the prevention of vomiting and nausea following high-emetic-risk chemotherapy.
abstract: In this update of our 2005 document, we used an evidence-based approach whenever possible to formulate recommendations, emphasizing the results of controlled trials concerning the best use of antiemetic agents for the prevention of emesis and nausea following anticancer chemotherapies of high emetic risk. A three-drug combination of a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and aprepitant beginning before chemotherapy and continuing for up to 4 days remains the standard of care. We address issues of dose, schedule, and route of administration of five selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists. We conclude that, for each of these five drugs, there is a plateau in therapeutic efficacy above which further dose escalation does not improve outcome. In trials designed to prove the equivalence of palonosetron to ondansetron and granisetron, palonosetron proved superior in emesis prevention, while adverse effects were comparable. Furthermore, for all classes of antiemetic agents, a single dose is as effective as multiple doses or a continuous infusion. The oral route is as efficacious as the intravenous route of administration.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. krism@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kris
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonato
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bria
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballatori
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Espersen
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrstedt
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rittenberg
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grunberg
authors.forename: Mitsue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hesketh
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D003907:Dexamethasone
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