title: Gene expression profile of renal cell carcinoma clear cell type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The determination of prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is based, classically, on stage and histopathological aspects. The metastatic disease develops in one third of patients after surgery, even in localized tumors. There are few options for treating those patients, and even the new target designed drugs have shown low rates of success in controlling disease progression. Few studies used high throughput genomic analysis in renal cell carcinoma for determination of prognosis. This study is focused on the identification of gene expression signatures in tissues of low-risk, high-risk and metastatic RCC clear cell type (RCC-CCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the expression of approximately 55,000 distinct transcripts using the Whole Genome microarray platform hybridized with RNA extracted from 19 patients submitted to surgery to treat RCC-CCT with different clinical outcomes. They were divided into three groups (1) low risk, characterized by pT1, Fuhrman grade 1 or 2, no microvascular invasion RCC; (2) high risk, pT2-3, Fuhrman grade 3 or 4 with, necrosis and microvascular invasion present and (3) metastatic RCC-CCT. Normal renal tissue was used as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After comparison of differentially expressed genes among low-risk, high-risk and metastatic groups, we identified a group of common genes characterizing metastatic disease. Among them Interleukin-8 and Heat shock protein 70 were over-expressed in metastasis and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings can be used as a starting point to generate molecular markers of RCC-CCT as well as a target for the development of innovative therapies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. marcosdallogliouro@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Marcos F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dall'Oglio
authors.forename: Rafael F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Katia R M
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Juliana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sousa-Canavez
authors.forename: Paulo S L
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins