title: An association between cytomegalovirus infection and pre-eclampsia: a case-control study and data synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pre-eclampsia shares several similarities with atherosclerotic heart disease. We explored whether, like atherosclerosis, there is a potential link between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and pre-eclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  CMV IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in serums from pre-eclampsia (n = 78), normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (nIUGR) (n = 30) and normal pregnancy controls (n = 109). Data were analyzed by chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Further, we conducted a comprehensive review of published studies on the relation between CMV infection and pre-eclampsia. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI), according to CMV infection status, were calculated using Review Manager.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with pre-eclampsia had increased CMV IgG seropositivity compared with nIUGR (p < 0.01) and normal pregnancy controls (p < 0.01). In addition, CMV IgG antibody level was higher in pre-eclampsia than normal pregnancy controls (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in CMV IgM or IgA among study groups. Data synthesis revealed that women with CMV infection were at higher risk in the development of pre-eclampsia, compared with women without CMV infection. Combined results for six studies yielded a RR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMV infection seems to affect the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. Evaluation of the relation between CMV infection and pre-eclampsia may provide mechanistic insights into pre-eclampsia-related inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Money
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajden
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Dadelszen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007136:Immunoglobulins