title: Affective, anxiety, and substance-related disorders in patients undergoing herniated disc surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At present only a small number of studies have investigated psychiatric comorbidity in disc surgery patients. Objectives of this study are (1) to examine the prevalence rate of comorbid affective, anxiety, and substance-related disorders in nucleotomy patients in comparison to the German general population and (2) to investigate associations between psychiatric comorbidity and socio-demographic and illness-related characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study refers to 349 consecutive disc surgery patients (response rate 87%) between the age of 18 and 55 years. The final study sample consists of 239 lumbar and 66 cervical nucleotomy patients. Face-to-face interviews were conducted approximately 3.45 days (SD 3.170) after disc surgery, during hospital stay. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed by means of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-DIA-X). The corresponding data of the German general population were derived from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  12-Month prevalence rates of any affective, anxiety or substance-related disorders range between 33.7% in cervical and 23.5% in lumbar disc surgery patients. Four-week prevalence rates of any affective, anxiety or substance disorder vary between 13.2% in cervical and 14.0% in lumbar nucleotomy patients. Disc surgery patients suffer more often from affective disorders and illicit substance abuse than the general population. Significant associations were found between psychiatric comorbidity and gender, as well as pain intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disc surgery patients show a higher risk to suffer from mental disorders than the general population. The assessment of psychiatric distress and the assistance by mental health professionals should be considered during hospital and rehabilitation treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. Margrit.Zieger@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Margrit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zieger
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luppa
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matschinger
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meixensberger
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toussaint
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: Hans-Helmut
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Steffi G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Riedel-Heller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
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