title: Enterocutaneous fistula as a complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with previous bariatric surgery: case report and bibliographic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enterocutaneous fistula is a rare complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Some situations are risk factors for it to occur, such as horseshoe kidney, retrorenal colon and chronic colonic dilation by several factors, among them late postoperative time after yeyunoileal bypass in morbid obesity treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  35-year-old female patient with a 2.5 cm calculus in the right renal pelvis. Late postoperative time after bariatric surgery using duodenal switch technique, and 55 kg lost till present. She undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with two punctures, one in the lower calyx, lost during dilation, and other in the upper calyx through which surgery was successfully carried out. During immediate postoperative time it enteric secretions were observed through the lower chalice puncture. Once the intraperitoneal lesion was removed, decision for conservative treatment was taken with fistula drainage, broadspectrum antibiotic therapy, fasting and total parenteral nutrition. The fistula debt ceased in the 8th postoperative (PO) day, when drain and nephrostomy tube were withdrawn and patient was discharged from the hospital on 10th PO day. On ambulatory follow up the patient is in good conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One case of enterocutaneous fistula after PNL presented in a patient in late postoperative time after yeyunoileal bypass. She was successfully treated by conservative therapy. Several authors point to chronic colonic distention and to great loss of retroperitoneal fat as causes for the increase of inadvertent colonic punctures in percutaneous renal access.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of complications with enterocutaneous fistula is significantly higher during the postoperatory in patients of bariatric surgery than in others.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. i.urologia@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marquesine Paul
authors.forename: Luiz Edison
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Slongo
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos de Almeida
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000209:etiology*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors