Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish tissues by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry: case study on European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mediterranean coastal lagoons.
This paper describes the development and validation of an analytical methodology to determine 28 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) tissues using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS/MS). A total of 28 PBDEs were targeted, including tri- to deca-brominated congeners. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed sample preparation procedure was demonstrated in lipid-rich eel tissues. The use of batch MSPD with activated silica gel and H(2)SO(4)-impregnated silica gel, followed by H(2)SO(4) digestion and multilayer cartridge clean-up allowed for complete lipid removal and eliminated matrix effects during GC-QQQ-MS/MS analysis. The average PBDE recoveries from eel muscle samples spiked with PBDEs at two levels were in the range 56.2-119.0%. Precision was satisfactory since relative standard deviations were lower than 19.6%, regardless of spike level, and method quantification limits ranged between 1 and 170 pg g(-1) (wet weight). The method demonstrated its successful application for the analysis of eel samples from two coastal lagoons located on the western French Mediterranean coast. All samples tested positive, but for tri- to hexa-brominated congeners only and total PBDE levels observed in this study were in the range 0.08-1.80 ng g(-1) wet weight.
Labadie
Pierre
P
UMR 7619 Sisyphe, CNRS/UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 105, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. pierre.labadie@upmc.fr
Alliot
Fabrice
F
Bourges
Catherine
C
Desportes
Annie
A
Chevreuil
Marc
M
D000818:Animals; D004524:Eels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical