title: Urinary prostaglandin E₂ was increased in patients with suprapontine brain diseases, and associated with overactive bladder syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the urinary levels of prostaglandins (PGE(2) and PGF(2α)), nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P, and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in patients with suprapontine brain diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 114 patients in the chronic phase of a brain disease and 27 healthy controls with no brain disease or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The OAB symptoms were assessed with the OAB symptom score and the subjects were then classified into 5 groups: healthy control, patients without LUTS, increased bladder sensation (IBS), OAB dry, and OAB wet. Urinary mediator concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to the urinary creatinine concentration, and then compared among the 5 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urinary PGE(2) level was significantly higher in patients with brain diseases than in healthy controls, even in the patients without any OAB symptoms, and compared with patients without LUTS, a significant increase in the urinary PGE(2) was observed in patients with OAB dry or wet (P = .004 or .015, respectively). The PGF(2α) level showed a significant increase in OAB wet compared with patients without LUTS (P = .001). The urinary levels of NGF and substance P were not significantly associated with OAB as a result of this type of brain disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urinary PGE(2) level was putatively elevated in patients with suprapontine brain diseases and associated with the presence of OAB. The PGF(2α) level may also be associated with OAB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. yamahiro@u-fukui.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akino
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000652:urine; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000652:urine*; D013373:Substance P / Q000652:urine; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D011458:Prostaglandins E; D013373:Substance P; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D015237:Dinoprost