title: Human ocular carotenoid-binding proteins.
abstract: Two dietary carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, are specifically delivered to the human macula at the highest concentration anywhere in the body. Whenever a tissue exhibits highly selective uptake of a compound, it is likely that one or more specific binding proteins are involved in the process. Over the past decade, our laboratory has identified and characterized several carotenoid-binding proteins from human retina including a pi isoform of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) as a zeaxanthin-binding protein, a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory domain (StARD) family as a lutein-binding protein, and tubulin as a less specific, but higher capacity site for carotenoid deposition. In this article, we review the purification and characterization of these carotenoid-binding proteins, and we relate these ocular carotenoid-binding proteins to the transport and uptake role of serum lipoproteins and scavenger receptor proteins in a proposed pathway for macular pigment carotenoid delivery to the human retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Binxing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Preejith
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vachali
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D002338:Carotenoids; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi
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