title: Gentisides C-K: nine new neuritogenic compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine Gentiana rigescens Franch.
abstract: Nine new alkyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoates, gentisides C-K, were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Gentiana rigescens Franch. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and comparison of the specific rotation with that of the gentiside B. These metabolites are additional members of the gentisides which belong to a novel class of neuritogenic compounds. They are structurally different from one another because they possess varying alkyl chain lengths, with or without an isobutyl or isopropyl group at the end of the alkyl chain. These compounds are potent inducers of neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells. The gentiside C possessing the shortest alkyl chain length exhibited the highest neuritogenic activity among all of the gentisides. Gentiside C showed a significant neuritogenic activity at 1 μM against PC12 cells comparable to that seen for the best nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration of 40 ng/mL. In addition, evident neuritogenic activity was observed in the cells when treated with gentiside C at a concentration as low as 0.03 μM. The structure-activity relationships within the gentisides A-K revealed that alkyl chain length is important for the activity, but structure diversity at the end of the alkyl chain is not.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 388, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Guangfa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005841:Gentisates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005841:Gentisates; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors