title: [Manifestations and management of malignant lymphoma in head and neck].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical feature, treatment and prognosis of malignant lymphoma in head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixteen cases with malignant lymphoma in head and neck were retrospectively analyzed. The predilection site was most in head and neck (39.7%), followed by palate and tonsil (23.3%). The clinical symptoms was different based on different location, painless mass in neck was mostly seen. The misdiagnosis rate is 37.1%. The treatment measures mainly included combined modality therapy and chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 98 cases, of stage I and II, the survival time of 51 cases was more than one year, 24 cases were more than 3 years, 12 cases were more than 5 years. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up. Among 18 cases, of stage III and IV, 3 patients was lost to follow-up, the other 15 cases were dead after half a year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  clinical feature of malignant lymphoma in head and neck is nonspecific and complicated, misdiagnosis most easily occurs. Biopsy is the most valuable in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Combined modality therapy is the mainstay of treatment in malignant lymphoma. The clinical stage classification is important for prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Fourth Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China. qingmingly@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Qingming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiangping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult