title: Evidence for an additional effect of whole-body vibration above resistive exercise alone in preventing bone loss during prolonged bed rest.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of whole-body vibration to high-load resistive exercise may provide a better stimulus for the reduction of bone loss during prolonged bed rest (spaceflight simulation) than high-load resistive exercise alone.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Prior work suggests that the addition of whole-body vibration to high-load resistive exercise (RVE) may be more effective in preventing bone loss in spaceflight and its simulation (bed rest) than resistive exercise alone (RE), though this hypothesis has not been tested in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male subjects as part of the 2nd Berlin Bed Rest Study performed RVE (n = 7), RE (n = 8) or no exercise (control, n = 9) during 60-day head-down tilt bed rest. Whole-body, spine and total hip dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements as well as peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements of the tibia were conducted during bed rest and up to 90 days afterwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A better retention of bone mass in RVE than RE was seen at the tibial diaphysis and proximal femur (p ≤ 0.024). Compared to control, RVE retained bone mass at the distal tibia and DXA leg sub-region (p ≤ 0.020), but with no significant difference to RE (p ≥ 0.10). RE impacted significantly (p = 0.038) on DXA leg sub-region bone mass only. Calf muscle size was impacted similarly by both RVE and RE. On lumbar spine DXA, whole-body DXA and calcium excretion measures, few differences between the groups were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst further countermeasure optimisation is required, the results provide evidence that (1) combining whole-body vibration and high-load resistance exercise may be more efficient than high-load resistive exercise alone in preventing bone loss at some skeletal sites during and after prolonged bed rest and (2) the effects of exercise during bed rest impact upon bone recovery up to 3 months afterwards.
authors.affiliation: Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany. belavy@gmail.com
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Belavý
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Armbrecht
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Perschel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fitzner
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Börst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Degner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Felsenberg
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001510:Bed Rest / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D013026:Space Flight; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014732:Vibration / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium
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