title: High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in athletes and dancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in various populations worldwide but with scarce data on physically active individuals. Vitamin D is important to athletes, affecting bone mass, immunity, and physical performance. This study evaluated the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among young athletes and dancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Sport medicine clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 98 athletes and dancers (age, 14.7 +/- 3.0 years; range, 10-30 years; 53% men), who had undergone screening medical evaluations, were extracted from medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25(OH)D concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, age, sex, sport discipline, month of blood test, and serum ferritin. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration <30 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 25.3 +/- 8.3 ng/mL. Seventy-three percent of participants were vitamin D insufficient. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was higher among dancers (94%), basketball players (94%), and Tae Kwon Do fighters (67%) and among athletes from indoor versus outdoor sports (80% vs 48%; P = 0.002). 25(OH)D levels adjusted for age and sex correlated with serum ferritin and season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, conducted among young athletes and dancers from various disciplines in a sunny country, a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was identified. A higher rate of vitamin D insufficiency was found among participants who practice indoors, during the winter months, and in the presence of iron depletion. Given the importance of vitamin D to athletes for several reasons, we suggest that athletes and dancers be screened for vitamin D insufficiency and treated as needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. naamacons@gmail.com
authors.forename: Naama W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Constantini
authors.forename: Rakefet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arieli
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chodick
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubnov-Raz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003615:Dancing / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002112:Calcifediol