title: Enhancement of HIV-1 Tat fusion protein transduction efficiency by bog blueberry anthocyanins.
abstract: Though protein transduction domains (PTDs) are well known for the delivery of exogenous therapeutic proteins into living cells, the overall low efficiency of transduction is a serious obstacle. We investigated the effect of bog blueberry anthocyanins (BBA) on protein transduction efficiency and found that BBA enhanced the transduction efficiencies of Tat-SOD fusion protein into HeLa cells and mice skin. The enzymatic activities in the cells and skin tissue in the presence of BBA were markedly increased compared to controls. Further, BBA did not demonstrate any cell toxicity at various concentrations. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, we suggest that BBA might alter the conformation of the membrane, which would indicate that BBA can be used as a protein transduction enhancer for the efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins for a variety of disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science & Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hoon Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Dae Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Mi Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Duk Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Cheon
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Soon Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Il Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kil Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jinseu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Eum
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D015497:HIV-1; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus