title: Development and evaluation of emulsions from Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) oil.
abstract: Carapa guianensis, a popular medicinal plant known as "Andiroba" in Brazil, has been used in traditional medicine as an insect repellent and anti-inflammatory product. Additionally, this seed oil has been reported in the literature as a repellent against Aedes aegypti. The aim of this work is to report on the emulsification of vegetable oils such as "Andiroba" oil by using a blend of nonionic surfactants (Span 80® and Tween 20®), using the critical hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and pseudo-ternary diagram as tools to evaluate the system's stability. The emulsions were prepared by the inverse phase method. Several formulations were made according to a HLB spreadsheet design (from 4.3 to 16.7), and the products were stored at 25°C and 4°C. The emulsion stabilities were tested both long- and short-term, and the more stable one was used for the pseudo-ternary diagram study. The emulsions were successfully obtained by a couple of surfactants, and the HLB analysis showed that the required HLB of the oil was 16.7. To conclude, the pseudo-ternary diagram identified several characteristic regions such as emulsion, micro-emulsion, and separation of phases.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia-Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Coronel Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, 59010-180, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Magda R A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Rosilene R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Tatiane P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Eryvaldo S T
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Egito
authors.forename: Elquio E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Luiz A L
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D004655:Emulsions / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry*; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D006601:Hexoses; D010938:Plant Oils; D011136:Polysorbates; C018665:sorbitan monooleate
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