title: Effectiveness and feasibility of active and passive case detection in the visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
abstract: This study analyzed the effectiveness of active case detection (ACD) for new visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. ACD detection was carried out using house to house screening in Bangladesh and India and by neighborhood screening around index cases in Nepal. The percent increase of new VL cases through ACD compared to PCD was 6.7-17.1% in India; 38.8% in Nepal; and 60% in Bangladesh. The screening effort was high in India and Bangladesh (house to house screening) compared to Nepal (index case screening). The additional cost per new VL case detected varied: $50 to $106 in India; $172 in Bangladesh; $262 in Nepal depending on the type of screening staff, transport and training costs. The estimated annual VL incidence in the ACD arm ranged from 315-383 in India; 109 in Bangladesh, and 43 per 100,000 in Nepal. The additional effort and cost rises as disease incidence declines or PCD improves.
authors.affiliation: KEM Hospital Research Center, Rasta Peth, Pune 411011 India. sidbela@vsnl.com
authors.forename: Siddhivinayak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirve
authors.forename: Shri Prakash
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Megha Raj
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Banjara
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundar
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rijal
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kroeger
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Chandreshwar Prasad
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: M Mamun
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Huda
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mondal
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008403:Mass Screening; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology
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