title: Chair massage for treating anxiety in patients withdrawing from psychoactive drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic massage has been proven to be an effective, nonpharmacologic, alternative for managing state and trait anxiety in a variety of clinical situations. However, no controlled study has investigated this effect in an addiction treatment setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of chair massage for reducing anxiety in persons participating in an inpatient withdrawal management program for psychoactive drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a randomized, controlled clinical trial conducted from June 2008 to January 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two (82) adult patients received inpatient treatment for psychoactive drug withdrawal (alcohol, cocaine, and opiates).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the Withdrawal Management Services at the Capital District Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to receive chair massage (n = 40) or a relaxation control condition (n = 42). Treatments were offered for 3 consecutive days. Standard counseling and pharmacologic management were also offered concurrently to patients in all conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was anxiety assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). State and trait anxiety scores were determined immediately prior to and following each treatment intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of STAI scores showed a significant reduction in state and trait anxiety for both interventions (p < 0.001). The magnitude in the reduction in state (p = 0.001) and trait (p = 0.045) anxiety was significantly greater in the chair massage group where the effect on state anxiety was sustained, at least in part, for 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the clinical context of this study, chair massage was more effective that relaxation control in reducing anxiety. Further investigation of chair massage as a potential nonpharmacologic adjunct in the management of withdrawal related anxiety is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Prevention and Treatment Services, Capital District Health Authority, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spurr
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hebb
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs