title: Wound contraction effects and antibacterial properties of Tualang honey on full-thickness burn wounds in rats in comparison to hydrofibre.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Full-thickness burn wounds require excision and skin grafting. Multiple surgical procedures are inevitable in managing moderate to severe full-thickness burns. Wound bed preparations prior to surgery are necessary in order to prevent wound infection and promote wound healing. Honey can be used to treat burn wounds. However, not all the honey is the same. This study aims to evaluate the wound contraction and antibacterial properties of locally-produced Tualang honey on managing full-thickness burn wounds in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Under anaesthesia, three full-thickness burn wounds were created on the dorsum of the rats. The full-thickness burn wounds were inoculated with a specific organism (10(4)), namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 12), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12), or Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 12). The three burn wounds were dressed with Tualang honey, hydrofibre and hydrofibre silver respectively. Swab samples were obtained every 3 days (day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21) for quantitative and semi-quantitative microbiological analyses. Clinical assessments, including observations concerning the appearance and wound size, were measured at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a rapid 32.26% reduction in wound size by day 6 (p = 0.008) in the Tualang honey-treated wounds, and 49.27% by day 15 (p = 0.005). The wounds remained smaller by day 18 (p < 0.032). Tualang honey-treated rats demonstrated a reduction in bacterial growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated wounds (p = 0.005). However, hydrofibre silver and hydrofibre-treated wounds are superior to honey-treated wounds with Acinetobacter baumannii (p = 0.035). There was no statistical significant of antibacterial property in Klebsiella pneumonia inoculated wounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tualang honey has better results with regards to its control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its wound contraction effects on full-thickness burn wound in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yan-Teng
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Ahmad Sukari
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Kirnpal-Kaur B
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Noor-Ayunie
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mohamad
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001458:Bandages; D002056:Burns / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006722:Honey; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012834:Silver / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009 Sep 15;9:34
references.pmid: 19754926
references.citation: West Afr J Med. 2004 Apr-Jun;23(2):114-8
references.pmid: 15287287
references.citation: Arch Med Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;36(5):464-7
references.pmid: 16099322
references.citation: Wurzbg Medizinhist Mitt. 2004;23:133-45
references.pmid: 15630803
references.citation: J Postgrad Med. 1998 Oct-Dec;44(4):93-6
references.pmid: 10703581
references.citation: Br J Surg. 2008 Feb;95(2):175-82
references.pmid: 18161896
references.citation: Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1987 Jun;3(2):103-5
references.pmid: 3151575
references.citation: Am J Surg. 1983 Mar;145(3):374-6
references.pmid: 6837863
references.citation: J Med Food. 2004 Summer;7(2):210-22
references.pmid: 15298770
references.citation: J Burn Care Rehabil. 2002 Nov-Dec;23(6):366-70
references.pmid: 12432313
references.citation: J Pharm Pharmacol. 1991 Dec;43(12):817-22
references.pmid: 1687577
references.citation: Nurs Stand. 2000 Nov 29-Dec 5;15(11):63-8
references.pmid: 11971572
references.citation: Int J Food Microbiol. 1996 Aug;31(1-3):1-26
references.pmid: 8880294
references.citation: J Wound Care. 1999 Apr;8(4):161-4
references.pmid: 10455629
references.citation: J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009;2009:830616
references.pmid: 19636435
references.citation: J Med Food. 2005 Spring;8(1):100-3
references.pmid: 15857217
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010 Jun 24;10:31
references.pmid: 20576085
references.citation: Am J Clin Dermatol. 2001;2(1):13-9
references.pmid: 11702616
references.citation: J Trauma. 1983 Jun;23(6):523-9
references.pmid: 6864844
references.citation: Am J Surg. 1994 Jan;167(1A):46S-48S
references.pmid: 8109685
references.citation: Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007 Sep;21(3):745-59, ix
references.pmid: 17826621
references.citation: J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Nov;73(5):388-94
references.pmid: 1447054
references.citation: Burns. 1998 Mar;24(2):157-61
references.pmid: 9625243
references.citation: Ostomy Wound Manage. 2002 Nov;48(11):28-40
references.pmid: 12426450