title: The clinical psychological diagnostic system (KPD-38): sensitivity to change and validity of a self-report instrument for outcome monitoring and quality assurance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monitoring psychotherapeutic progress requires valid and economic measures to detect change of clinical relevance. We addressed validity and sensitivity to change of the 'Klinisch Psychologisches Diagnosesystem 38' (KPD-38, Clinical Psychological Diagnosis System), an instrument for outcome monitoring and quality assurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from an inpatient sample (n = 1.377) were used to investigate the concurrent validity, the sensitivity to change, and the criterion validity of the KPD-38 in comparison to the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity-specificity analyses showed similar sensitivity and higher specificity for the KPD-38 scales compared with the BSI and OQ total scores. Change rates on the KPD-38 distress scale (DIS) were found to be lower than on the BSI (KPD-38 DIS: 36.6%, GSI: 67.7%) and the OQ-45 (KPD-38 DIS: 44.3%, OQ tot: 57.1%) total scores. Concordance was low with the BSI ([κ = 0.24] and moderate with the OQ-45 [κ = 0.45]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications for applications in the field of outcome assessment and the challenge of further validation are discussed. The relation between sensitivity to change and criterion validity is highlighted.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Heidelberg, Center for Psychotherapy Research, Heidelberg, Germany. moessner@psyres.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moessner
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallas
authors.forename: Severin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: Hand
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kordy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult