Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood: the role of age, self-concept incoherence, and personal control.
This study observed young, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 239; Mage = 49.6 years; range = 18-89 years) for 30 consecutive days to examine the association between daily stress and negative affect, taking into account potential risk (i.e., self-concept incoherence) and resilience (i.e., age, perceived personal control) factors. Results indicated that younger individuals and individuals with a more incoherent self-concept showed higher average negative affect across the study. As well, individuals reported higher negative affect on days that they experienced more stress than usual and on days that they reported less control than usual. These main effects were qualified by significant interactions. In particular, the association between daily stress and negative affect was stronger on days on which adults reported low control compared with days on which they reported high control (i.e., perceptions of control buffered stress). Reactivity to daily stress did not differ for individuals of different ages or for individuals with different levels of self-concept incoherence. Although all individuals reported higher negative affect on days on which they reported less control than usual, this association was more pronounced among younger adults. The current study helps to elucidate the role of risk and resilience factors when adults are faced with daily stress.
Diehl
Manfred
M
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570, USA. manfred.diehl@colostate.edu
Hay
Elizabeth L
EL
D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010551:Personality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012931:Social Environment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007 Jul;62(4):P216-25
17673531
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Dec;75(6):1572-85
9914667
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Dec;71(6):1062-83
8979379
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Mar;90(3):512-27
16594835
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Mar;54(3):486-95
3361420
J Pers. 1991 Sep;59(3):507-38
1960641
J Pers. 2007 Dec;75(6):1181-204
17995462
Psychosom Med. 1997 Jul-Aug;59(4):447-57
9251165
J Pers. 1991 Sep;59(3):355-86
1960637
Psychol Aging. 2006 Jun;21(2):231-9
16768571
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Jun;64(6):1053-63
8326468
J Pers. 2005 Dec;73(6):1485-509
16274443
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Sep;93(3):478-90
17723061
J Consult Psychol. 1961 Oct;25:392-7
13870048
Rev Gen Psychol. 1998 Sep;2(3):300-319
21850154
Psychol Aging. 1997 Sep;12(3):489-502
9308096
Psychol Aging. 2005 Sep;20(3):476-85
16248706
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1063-70
3397865
Psychol Aging. 1996 Mar;11(1):127-39
8726378
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 Feb;33(2):143-59
17259577
J Pers. 1999 Apr;67(2):265-94
10202805
Int J Behav Med. 1996;3(1):1-13
16250763
Psychol Aging. 2007 Dec;22(4):765-80
18179296
Psychol Aging. 2007 Dec;22(4):738-51
18179294
Psychol Aging. 2008 Mar;23(1):52-61
18361654
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1999 Jan;54(1):P55-67
9934396
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001 Jan;80(1):136-51
11195886
J Pers. 2004 Apr;72(2):355-78
15016068
Assessment. 2002 Mar;9(1):41-55
11911234
Annu Rev Psychol. 2002;53:133-60
11752482
Psychol Aging. 2001 Dec;16(4):643-54
11766918
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Oct;79(4):644-55
11045744
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Dec;83(6):1378-91
12500819
J Pers. 2007 Dec;75(6):1255-83
17995465
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Aug;75(2):478-93
9731320
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Nov;75(5):1333-49
9866191
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 May;64(5):834-46
8505712
Psychol Bull. 2005 Nov;131(6):925-971
16351329
Psychol Aging. 1997 Mar;12(1):162-9
9100277
Annu Rev Psychol. 2003;54:579-616
12499517