The role of redox changes in oxygen sensing.
The specialized oxygen-sensing tissues include the carotid body and arterial smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery (PA) and ductus arteriosus (DA). We discuss the evidence that changes in oxygen tension are sensed through changes in redox status. "Redox" changes imply the giving or accepting of electrons. This might occur through the direct tunneling of electrons from mitochondria or redox couples to an effector protein (e.g. ion channel). Alternatively, the electron might be transferred through reactive oxygen species from mitochondria or an NADPH oxidase isoform. The PA's response to hypoxia and DA's response to normoxia result from reduction or oxidation, respectively. These opposing redox stimuli lead to K+ channel inhibition, membrane depolarization and an increase in cytosolic calcium and/or calcium sensitization that causes contraction. In the neuroendocrine cells (the type 1 cell of the carotid body, neuroepithelial body and adrenomedullary cells), the response is secretion. We examine the roles played by superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and the anti-oxidant enzymes in the signaling of oxygen tensions.
Weir
E Kenneth
EK
Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota, 1 Veteran's Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. weirx002@umn.edu
Archer
Stephen L
SL
D000818:Animals; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D010100:Oxygen
J Physiol. 2004 Apr 1;556(Pt 1):175-91
14724184
J Physiol. 1998 Oct 15;512 ( Pt 2):421-34
9763632
Circ Res. 2002 Jun 28;90(12):1307-15
12089069
Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2093-7
15528406
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 Dec;222(3):222-35
10601881
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Nov;67(5):1903-11
2532193
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 May 16;200(3):1586-91
8185613
Lancet. 1978 Mar 4;1(8062):476-7
76024
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;648:427-38
19536508
J Physiol. 1990 Sep;428:39-59
2231419
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Oct;167(4 Pt 1):946-9
1415430
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006 Apr;34(4):505-13
16357364
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):13182-7
8917565
Circulation. 2004 Sep 14;110(11):1372-9
15353504
Circ Res. 1995 Jul;77(1):174-81
7788875
J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28510-5
9774481
Placenta. 2001 Apr;22(4):304-8
11286565
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Apr;90(4):1299-306
11247927
Life Sci. 1980 Jun 9;26(23):1935-45
6772902
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Nov;67(5):1912-21
2532194
Exp Physiol. 1995 Sep;80(5):825-34
8546871
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Feb 22;291(2):332-7
11846408
J Biol Chem. 1981 Nov 10;256(21):10986-92
7287745
Prenat Diagn. 2009 Jul;29(7):691-6
19399816
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 Jan;282(1):L36-43
11741813
J Physiol. 2006 Aug 15;575(Pt 1):215-27
16777942
J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 17;275(11):7684-92
10713079
Am J Hypertens. 2008 Oct;21(10):1152-6
18670418
PLoS One. 2009 Nov 26;4(11):e8045
19956681
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):C945-56
18234847
Eur J Med Chem. 2008 Jun;43(6):1206-15
17949858
Exp Physiol. 2007 Sep;92(5):945-51
17496002
Am J Physiol. 1996 May;270(5 Pt 1):L803-9
8967515
J Physiol. 2001 May 15;533(Pt 1):253-61
11351032
Circ Res. 2002 Sep 20;91(6):478-86
12242265
Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(1):105-13
14656807
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Jun 7;1656(2-3):79-87
15178469
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):L2-10
16085672
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Jul;79(1):15-22
7559213
Eur Respir J. 2010 Aug;36(2):323-30
20223914
J Soc Gynecol Investig. 1996 Jul-Aug;3(4):179-84
8796828
Circ Res. 1968 May;22(5):573-88
5648062
Circ Res. 2010 Feb 19;106(3):526-35
20019331
Mol Cells. 2010 Jun;29(6):539-49
20526816
Circulation. 2006 Jun 6;113(22):2630-41
16735674
Eur Respir J. 2010 Aug;36(2):234-6
20675778
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Feb;294(2):H570-8
18083891
Pediatr Res. 2003 Jul;54(1):20-5
12700368
Neuroscience. 2007 Mar 2;145(1):130-41
17207576
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Feb;298(2):R303-11
19923358
Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Mar 1;42(5):642-53
17291988
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Sep;101(3):995-8; discussion 998
16902070
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 Mar;292(3):L685-98
17098807
Respir Physiol. 1983 Sep;53(3):295-306
6648060
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(9):1073-80
19728848
Biochem J. 1975 Jan;146(1):53-65
167718
Herz. 1986 Jun;11(3):127-41
3017827
Circ Res. 1993 Dec;73(6):1100-12
8222081
Exp Physiol. 2008 Jan;93(1):133-8
17993507
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Feb;288(2):C366-76
15469953
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Mar 1;12(5):595-602
19747064
FASEB J. 1995 Feb;9(2):183-9
7781921
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1983 May;173(1):96-103
6574522
Circulation. 2007 Apr 3;115(13):1777-88
17353442
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):C1377-85
12890649
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2002 Jan;25(1):33-5
11953097
Circ Res. 2006 Oct 27;99(9):970-8
17008601
J Physiol. 2003 May 1;548(Pt 3):789-800
12626666
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):L15-22
12842809
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 6;96(14):7944-9
10393927
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):L422-30
18599502
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Jun;90(6):2249-56
11356790
Circulation. 2010 Jun 22;121(24):2661-71
20529999
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Jun-Jul;1797(6-7):897-906
20122895
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Jan;66(1):167-70
2537281
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Apr;56(4):900-5
6427146
J Physiol. 2001 Oct 1;536(Pt 1):211-24
11579170
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006 Mar;290(3):C907-16
16236819
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Jan;12(1):41-9
7529030
Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Oct;44(1):215-22
10615405
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Sep;101(3):993-5; discussion 999
16675614
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):H1453-61
19666846
Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 1;48(3):421-9
19932748
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 Oct;293(4):L952-9
17693484
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1982 Jul;216(2):477-84
6287935
N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 10;353(19):2042-55
16282179
Pediatr Res. 2008 Feb;63(2):176-81
18091358
Chest. 1985 Oct;88(4 Suppl):249S-252S
3840072
J Physiol. 1996 Mar 1;491 ( Pt 2):511-8
8866874
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1977 Apr;55(2):251-7
871957
Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Mar 1;81(4):678-85
19091790