title: Forced expression of Sox21 inhibits Sox2 and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells.
abstract: Numerous studies support a role for Sox2 to keep stem cells and progenitor cells in an immature and proliferative state. Coexpression of Sox2 and GFAP has been found in regions of the adult brain where neural stem cells are present and in human glioma cells. In our study, we have investigated the roles of Sox2 and its counteracting partner Sox21 in human glioma cells. We show for the first time that Sox21 is expressed in both primary glioblastoma and in human glioma cell lines. We found that coexpression of Sox2, GFAP and Sox21 was mutually exclusive with expression of fibronectin. Our result suggests that glioma consists of at least two different cell populations: Sox2(+) /GFAP(+) /Sox21(+) /FN(-) and Sox2(-) /GFAP(-) /Sox21(-) /FN(+) . Reduction of Sox2 expression by using siRNA against Sox2 or by overexpressing Sox21 using a tetracycline-regulated expression system (Tet-on) caused decreased GFAP expression and a reduction in cell number due to induction of apoptosis. We suggest that Sox21 can negatively regulate Sox2 in glioma. Our findings imply that Sox2 and Sox21 may be interesting targets for the development of novel glioma therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. maria.ferletta@genpat.uu.se
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferletta
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caglayan
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mokvist
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kastemar
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uhrbom
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westermark
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017931:DNA Primers; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D055749:SOXB2 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; C484488:SOX21 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D055749:SOXB2 Transcription Factors