title: Comparison of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine in an equal dose and concentration for sympathetic block in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the potency of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine in an equal dose and concentration for sympathetic block.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured mean arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), and right and left brachial artery blood flow (BABF) before and after cervicothoracic sympathetic block in 24 dogs. The experimental protocol was designed as follows: (1) left cervicothoracic sympathetic block with 1.0 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (n = 8), (2) left cervicothoracic sympathetic block with 1.0 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine (n = 8), and (3) left cervicothoracic sympathetic block with 1.0 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine (n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not change significantly throughout the study in either group. Left cervicothoracic sympathetic block with 0.25% bupivacaine increased left BABF significantly from 5 to 100 mins after the block (baseline, 100%; peak at 20 mins after the block, 218% +/- 48%; P < 0.01). Left cervicothoracic sympathetic block with 0.25% ropivacaine increased left BABF significantly from 5 to 100 mins after the block (baseline, 100%; peak at 10 mins after the block, 254 +/- 38%; P < 0.01). Left cervicothoracic sympathetic block with 0.25% levobupivacaine increased left BABF significantly from 5 to 80 mins after the block (baseline, 100%; peak at 20 mins after the block, 183% +/- 38%; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ropivacaine may induce a greater increase in vasodilation than bupivacaine and levobupivacaine at the same dose and concentration for sympathetic block in dogs.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Tadaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine