title: Genome-wide association scan of trait depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Independent of temporal circumstances, some individuals have greater susceptibility to depressive affects, such as feelings of guilt, sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. Identifying the genetic variants that contribute to these individual differences can point to biological pathways etiologically involved in psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genome-wide association scans for the depression scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory in community-based samples from a genetically homogeneous area of Sardinia, Italy (n = 3972) and from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging in the United States (n = 839).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meta-analytic results for genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that the strongest association signals for trait depression were found in RORA (rs12912233; p = 6 × 10⁻⁷), a gene involved in circadian rhythm. A plausible biological association was also found with single nucleotide polymorphisms within GRM8 (rs17864092; p = 5 × 10⁻⁶), a metabotropic receptor for glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest shared genetic basis underlying the continuum from personality traits to psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Terraccianoa@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terracciano
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Angelina R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sutin
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deiana
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlessinger
authors.forename: Gonçalo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Abecasis
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015142:Baltimore; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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