title: Molecular markers in gliomas: impact for the clinician.
abstract: Over the last decade, understanding of glioma on a molecular level has greatly expanded. However, optimal incorporation of molecular markers into clinical care is controversial. We briefly review the potential utility of molecular stratification in refining histologic diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions, focussing on 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT promoter methylation, EGFR mutations, and IDH mutation. The most recently discovered IDH mutation is a striking example of a rapid implementation of a molecular marker for prognostication into common clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Silvia.Hofer@usz.ch
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lassman
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001 Sep;60(9):863-71
references.pmid: 11556543
references.citation: Neurology. 1989 Jun;39(6):789-96
references.pmid: 2725874
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 1;13(23):6933-7
references.pmid: 18056167
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 1988 Apr;23(4):360-4
references.pmid: 3382171
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1061-8
references.pmid: 18772890
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Mar 1;16(5):1597-604
references.pmid: 20160062
references.citation: Brain. 2007 Oct;130(Pt 10):2596-606
references.pmid: 17785346
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 May 5;85(9):704-10
references.pmid: 8478956
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Oct;118(4):469-74
references.pmid: 19554337
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2007 Jul;9(3):314-8
references.pmid: 17435180
references.citation: Lancet Neurol. 2009 Sep;8(9):810-8
references.pmid: 19665931
references.citation: Brain Pathol. 2002 Apr;12(2):257-9
references.pmid: 11958379
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2006 Sep;65(9):846-54
references.pmid: 16957578
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 1998 Oct;44(4):691-5
references.pmid: 9778271
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 20;24(18):2707-14
references.pmid: 16782910
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jun 1;28(16):2712-8
references.pmid: 20439646
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1980 Dec 4;303(23):1323-9
references.pmid: 7001230
references.citation: Brain Pathol. 2008 Jul;18(3):360-9
references.pmid: 18371182
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 20;28(12):2051-7
references.pmid: 20308655
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 1994 Oct;12(10):2013-21
references.pmid: 7931469
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 10;27(35):5881-6
references.pmid: 19901104
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Jun 15;97(12):880-7
references.pmid: 15956649
references.citation: J Mol Med (Berl). 2005 Nov;83(11):917-26
references.pmid: 16133418
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2007 Apr;82(2):175-6
references.pmid: 17008949
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;64(19):6892-9
references.pmid: 15466178
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 1990 May;27(5):573-4
references.pmid: 2360797
references.citation: Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007 Feb;131(2):242-51
references.pmid: 17284109
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Oct 7;90(19):1473-9
references.pmid: 9776413
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):997-1003
references.pmid: 15758010
references.citation: Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001 Jun;8(2):83-96
references.pmid: 11397666
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 2007 Aug;114(2):97-109
references.pmid: 17618441
references.citation: Cancer. 2003 Mar 1;97(5):1276-84
references.pmid: 12599236
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jan 1;22(1):133-42
references.pmid: 14638850
references.citation: Cancer. 2005 Oct 1;104(7):1468-77
references.pmid: 16088966
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Feb 15;14(4):957-60
references.pmid: 18281526
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Apr;4(4):296-307
references.pmid: 15057289
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2007 Jun;66(6):545-51
references.pmid: 17549014
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Mar;12(3):289-96
references.pmid: 20167817
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2008 May;452(5):481-90
references.pmid: 18351387
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2009 Feb;11(1):69-79
references.pmid: 18772354
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jan;12(1):95-103
references.pmid: 20150372
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1994 Nov;145(5):1175-90
references.pmid: 7977648
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 10;27(35):5874-80
references.pmid: 19901110
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10(5):459-66
references.pmid: 19269895
references.citation: Clin Transl Oncol. 2010 Apr;12(4):310-4
references.pmid: 20462843
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 10;27(35):5861-2
references.pmid: 19901101
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):739-44
references.pmid: 19935646
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Aug 10;27(23):3861-7
references.pmid: 19506159
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Aug 1;71(5):1372-80
references.pmid: 18355978
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1999 Aug;155(2):375-86
references.pmid: 10433931
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2010 Sep;99(2):283-6
references.pmid: 20146086
references.citation: Cancer. 1997 Apr 1;79(7):1381-93
references.pmid: 9083161
references.citation: Neurology. 2004 Jun 8;62(11):2113-5
references.pmid: 15184628
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2000 Feb;18(3):636-45
references.pmid: 10653879
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Apr;63(4):314-22
references.pmid: 15099021
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Jan 1;40(1):51-5
references.pmid: 9422557
references.citation: Neurology. 2010 Jun 8;74(23):1886-90
references.pmid: 20427748
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2006 Dec;60(6):740-3
references.pmid: 17192931
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2008 Jul;88(3):293-8
references.pmid: 18345516
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 2001 Apr;101(4):311-20
references.pmid: 11355302
references.citation: PLoS Med. 2006 Dec;3(12):e485
references.pmid: 17177598
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001 Mar;60(3):248-62
references.pmid: 11245209
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Nov 1;15(21):6683-93
references.pmid: 19861461
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 2009 Sep;118(3):401-5
references.pmid: 19543740
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Oct;12(10):1061-70
references.pmid: 20615922
references.citation: Brain Pathol. 2008 Oct;18(4):520-32
references.pmid: 18400046
references.citation: Target Oncol. 2010 Sep;5(3):161-5
references.pmid: 20725792
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Sep 1;27(25):4150-4
references.pmid: 19636000
references.citation: Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):261-5
references.pmid: 19359588
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jun 1;25(16):2288-94
references.pmid: 17538175
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2006 Mar;9(3):157-73
references.pmid: 16530701
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2010 May;98(1):93-9
references.pmid: 19960228
references.citation: Neurology. 2001 Oct 9;57(7):1278-81
references.pmid: 11591848
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1978 Sep;49(3):333-43
references.pmid: 355604
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 10;27(8):1268-74
references.pmid: 19204207
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 20;24(18):2715-22
references.pmid: 16782911
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 19;360(8):765-73
references.pmid: 19228619
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 10;353(19):2012-24
references.pmid: 16282176
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Apr;7(4):839-45
references.pmid: 11309331
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 1;24(16):2563-9
references.pmid: 16735709
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15;66(20):9852-61
references.pmid: 17047046
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 20;28(12):e188-9; author reply e190-2
references.pmid: 20159801
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 1;11(21):7841-50
references.pmid: 16278407
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96
references.pmid: 15758009
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Feb;12(2):116-21
references.pmid: 20150378