title: Morphometric analysis of neuronal and glial cell pathology in the caudate nucleus in late-life depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess glial and neuronal density and neuronal volume in two areas of the caudate nucleus in late-life major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postmortem study using the disector and nucleator methods to estimate neuronal density and volume and glial density of cells from human brain tissue from the anterior portion (dorsolateral and ventromedial aspects) of the caudate nucleus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain tissues were obtained from the Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource at Newcastle University, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 13 subjects with late-life major depression and nine comparison subjects of similar age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence of moderate reductions in neuronal density was found in the depressed group in both the dorsolateral and ventromedial areas of the caudate nucleus. There were no significant changes in glial density or neuronal volume in either area nor was there any evidence of differences in depression in early and late-onset subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroimaging abnormalities in frontal and subcortical areas including ischemic hyperintensities and a reduction in volume and metabolism in the caudate nucleus have been reported in late-life depression, and previous morphometric studies have reported neuronal changes in prefrontal cortical areas. The findings in this study extend these morphometric investigations in late-life depression to the caudate nucleus, suggesting that neuronal abnormalities are present in this subcortical nucleus as well as in these related prefrontal areas.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khundakar
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D048429:Cell Size; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology