title: Global gene expression profiling of somatic motor neuron populations with different vulnerability identify molecules and pathways of degeneration and protection.
abstract: Different somatic motor neuron subpopulations show a differential vulnerability to degeneration in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Studies in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 over-expressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice indicate that initiation of disease is intrinsic to motor neurons, while progression is promoted by astrocytes and microglia. Therefore, analysis of the normal transcriptional profile of motor neurons displaying differential vulnerability to degeneration in motor neuron disease could give important clues to the mechanisms of relative vulnerability. Global gene expression profiling of motor neurons isolated by laser capture microdissection from three anatomical nuclei of the normal rat, oculomotor/trochlear (cranial nerve 3/4), hypoglossal (cranial nerve 12) and lateral motor column of the cervical spinal cord, displaying differential vulnerability to degeneration in motor neuron disorders, identified enriched transcripts for each neuronal subpopulation. There were striking differences in the regulation of genes involved in endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondrial function, ubiquitination, apoptosis regulation, nitrogen metabolism, calcium regulation, transport, growth and RNA processing; cellular pathways that have been implicated in motor neuron diseases. Confirmation of genes of immediate biological interest identified differential localization of insulin-like growth factor II, guanine deaminase, peripherin, early growth response 1, soluble guanylate cyclase 1A3 and placental growth factor protein. Furthermore, the cranial nerve 3/4-restricted genes insulin-like growth factor II and guanine deaminase protected spinal motor neurons from glutamate-induced toxicity (P < 0.001, ANOVA), indicating that our approach can identify factors that protect or make neurons more susceptible to degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroregeneration Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. eva.hedlund@licr.ki.se
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Teresia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Isacson
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006148:Guanine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055647:Rats, Transgenic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; C000606291:Sod1 protein, mouse; C000606292:Sod1 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; C485728:Gda protein, rat; D006148:Guanine Deaminase
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