title: Cellular electrophysiological effects of changrolin in isolated rat cardiac myocytes.
abstract: Changrolin (2, 6-bis[pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl]-4-[quinazolin-4-ylamino] phenol) is an anti-arrhythmic drug derived from β-dichroine, an active component of the Chinese medicinal herb, Dichroa febrifuga Lour. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-arrhythmic effect of changrolin, we used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to characterize the electrophysiological actions of changrolin in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. In this study, changrolin inhibited delayed rectified K(+) currents (I(K)) in a concentration-dependent manner with inhibiting the current by 11.9%±4.7%, 27.8%±3.4%, 31.5%±3.6% and 40.8%±3.7% at 10, 30, 100 and 300 μM, respectively (n=7-8). Changrolin was less effective against transient outward K(+) currents (I(to)), and only showed significantly inhibitory effect at the highest concentration (300 μM). Changrolin also induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of sodium currents (I(Na)) with an IC(50) of 10.19 μM (Hill coefficient=-1.727, n=6-7). In addition, changrolin exerted a holding potential-dependent block on Na(+) channels, produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation curve, as well as exhibited a marked frequency-dependent component to the blockade of Na(+) channels. Finally, calcium currents (I(Ca)) was decreased by changrolin in a concentration-dependent manner with an estimated IC(50) of 74.73 μM (Hill coefficient=-0.9082, n=6). In conclusion, changrolin blocks Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels, and also blocks K(+) channels (I(to) and I(K)) to some extent. Notably, changrolin preferentially blocks the inactivated state of Na(+) channels. These effects lead to a modification of electromechanical function and likely contribute to the termination of arrhythmia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-hai
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen-yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011799:Quinazolines; D015222:Sodium Channels; C022128:changrolin