title: Aggressive and chronic periodontitis correlate with distinct cellular sources of key immunoregulatory cytokines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP) are inflammatory diseases and the main cause of dental loss in adults. We aimed to investigate the expression of adhesion molecules and the source of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in circulating mononuclear cells from patients with CP and AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and CP or AP patients were collected. The expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD11a and CD11b, and the cellular sources of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α by distinct subpopulations of circulating leukocytes were determined using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of CD11a, but not CD11b, was significantly higher within the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in CP and AP than in healthy controls. The frequencies of tumor necrosis factor-α-expressing CD4(+) T cells and CD14(+) cells were higher in AP and CP, compared to healthy controls, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of IL-10 expressing CD14(+) cells was higher in CP, but not AP, compared to healthy controls CD4(+) T cells committed to IL-4 production was higher in CP than in healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the participation of CD11a in the pathogenesis of periodontal lesions and show distinct cellular sources of immunoregulatory cytokines in AP versus CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Maria A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Paulo Eduardo A
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: José Eustáquio
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Ricardo Santiago
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Kenneth John
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gollob
authors.forename: Walderez Ornelas
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Dutra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000097:blood; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000097:blood; D040881:CD11a Antigen / Q000097:blood; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000097:blood; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000145:classification; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000097:blood; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D040881:CD11a Antigen; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C509295:ITGAM protein, human