title: The association between quality of primary care, deprivation and cardiovascular outcomes: a cross-sectional study using data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Quality and Outcomes Framework, a financial incentive scheme for general practitioners in the UK, seems to have improved the quality of primary care and reduced inequalities in primary care delivery. It remains unclear, however, whether higher-quality primary care improves health outcomes or reduces health inequalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study examining the association between quality of cardiovascular care and coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes in 1531 general practices in London. We calculated CHD quality achievement scores (ranging from 0 to 100) for each practice using the 2006-2007 data from the Quality and Outcomes Framework. We used weighted linear regression models to assess the practice-level association between the CHD quality score and CHD admissions and deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, practices with higher CHD quality achievement scores had better CHD outcomes. Each one point increase in the CHD quality achievement score was associated with 4.28 (95% CI 1.19 to 7.38; p=0.007) fewer admissions per 100,000 for practices serving highly deprived populations and 2.11 (95% CI 0.68 to 3.55; p=0.004) fewer admissions per 100 000 for practices serving populations of average deprivation. There was no association between the CHD quality achievement score and the CHD admissions for practices serving affluent populations (p=0.906). We observed a similar deprivation-dependent gradient between quality achievement and CHD deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-quality primary care is associated with improved health outcomes. This association is strongest in deprived areas, suggesting that high-quality primary care may play an important role in reducing health inequalities.
authors.affiliation: Kennan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. tara.kiran@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutchings
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Dhalla
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006276:Health Facility Size / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010816:Physician Incentive Plans; D011203:Poverty; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome