title: A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 triggers in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma.
abstract: Bortezomib therapy has proven successful for the treatment of relapsed, relapsed/refractory, and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). At present, bortezomib is available as an intravenous injection, and its prolonged treatment is associated with toxicity and development of drug resistance. Here we show that the novel proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912, a tripeptide epoxyketone, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in MM cells resistant to conventional and bortezomib therapies. The anti-MM activity of ONX-0912 is associated with activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP) ribose polymerase, as well as inhibition of migration of MM cells and angiogenesis. ONX 0912, like bortezomib, predominantly inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is distinct from bortezomib in its chemical structure. Importantly, ONX 0912 is orally bioactive. In animal tumor model studies, ONX 0912 significantly reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival. Immununostaining of MM tumors from ONX 0912-treated mice showed growth inhibition, apoptosis, and a decrease in associated angiogenesis. Finally, ONX 0912 enhances anti-MM activity of bortezomib, lenalidomide dexamethasone, or pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor. Taken together, our study provides the rationale for clinical protocols evaluating ONX 0912, either alone or in combination, to improve patient outcome in MM.
authors.affiliation: The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Dharminder_Chauhan@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Dharminder
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Ajita V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Monette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aujay
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Madhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bandi
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciccarelli
authors.forename: Noopur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raje
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000187:drug effects*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C554738:ONX 0912; D009842:Oligopeptides; D020169:Caspases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
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