title: Bactericidal effect of a Nd:YAG laser on Enterococcus faecalis at pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms in dentine depths of 500 and 1,000 μm.
abstract: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the effective elimination of microorganisms from the root canal, and lasers provide more effective disinfection than conventional treatment using rinsing solutions. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the bactericidal effect of laser irradiation in dentine of various depths at a wavelength of 1,064 nm and pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms. A total of 90 dentine slices were cut from bovine incisors and divided into two groups (45 slices each) of thickness 500 and 1,000 μm. All were inoculated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis (5.07 × 10(9) bacteria/ml). Based on the clinically accepted dose (approximately 300 J/cm(2)), the following laser settings were chosen for this study: 1.75 W, 0.7 Hz for 4 s, three repetitions. The two groups were divided into two subgroups of 15 slices each to be irradiated with pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms. The remaining 15 slices per group were not irradiated to serve as a control. After irradiation, the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and evaluated. To determine the bactericidal effect of irradiation with different pulse durations, the results in the different groups were compared statistically. For all irradiated subgroups a bactericidal effect was observed at pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms (p=0.0085 and p<0.0001). The corresponding average log kills were 0.29 (15 ms) and 0.52 (25 ms) for 500 μm and 0.15 and 0.3 for 1,000 μm, respectively. The results of this in vitro study showed that Nd:YAG laser irradiation with a pulse duration of 15 ms eliminated an average of 49% and 29% of E. faecalis at dentine depths of 500 μm and 1,000 μm, respectively, and irradiation with a pulse duration of 25 ms eliminated 70% (500 μm) and 50% (1,000 μm). However, these values are lower than those achieved with the established protocol using microsecond pulses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. rfranzen@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gutknecht
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falken
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heussen
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meister
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002417:Cattle; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D023421:Models, Animal; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods
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