title: Description of web-enhanced virtual character simulation system to standardize patient hand-offs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 80-h work week has increased discontinuity of patient care resulting in reports of increased medication errors and preventable adverse events. Graduate medical programs are addressing these shortcomings in a number of ways.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed a computer simulation platform called the Virtual People Factory (VPF), which allows us to capture and simulate the dialogue between a real user and a virtual character. We have converted the system to reflect a physician in the process of "checking-out" a patient to a covering physician. The responses are tracked and matched to educator-defined information termed "discoveries." Our proof of concept represented a typical post-operative patient with tachycardia. The system is web enabled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  So far, 26 resident users at two institutions have completed the module. The critical discovery of tachycardia was identified by 62% of users. Residents spend 85% of the time asking intraoperative, postoperative, and past medical history questions. The system improves over time such that there is a near-doubling of questions that yield appropriate answers between users 13 and 22. Users who identified the virtual patient's underlying tachycardia expressed more concern and were more likely to order further testing for the patient in a post-module questionnaire (P = 0.13 and 0.08, respectively, NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VPF system can capture unique details about the hand-off interchange. The system improves with sequential users such that better matching of questions and answers occurs within the initial 25 users allowing rapid development of new modules. A catalog of hand-off modules could be easily developed. Wide-scale web-based deployment was uncomplicated. Identification of the critical findings appropriately translated to user concern for the patient though our series was too small to reach significance. Performance metrics based on the identification of critical discoveries could be used to assess readiness of the user to carry off a successful hand-off.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Health Science Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0826, USA. lori.filichia@surgery.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Filichia
authors.forename: Shivashankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halan
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blackwelder
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rossen
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korndorffer
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cendan
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000175:diagnosis; D014584:User-Computer Interface