title: Spheres derived from the human SK-RC-42 renal cell carcinoma cell line are enriched in cancer stem cells.
abstract: Various types of malignant tumor have been found to contain a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we sought to enrich CSCs from the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line SK-RC-42 using the sphere culture system and characterize their immunophenotype. We demonstrated that a subpopulation of SK-RC-42 cells were capable of growing as tumor spheres in serum-free medium supplemented with EGF and bFGF. The sphere-forming cells (SFCs) had many properties similar to CSCs: ability of self-renewing in vitro and in vivo, higher mRNA expression levels of several 'stemness' genes, stronger tumorigenicity and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation compared with the monolayer adherent cells (MACs). The SFCs expressed high levels of MHC class I but low levels of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86. In contrast with MACs, the SFCs had lower expression levels of FasL and Fas, Her2 and hTERT and activating natural killer receptors. Finally, SK-RC-42 SFCs and MACs both expressed significant and comparable levels of the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs). Taken together, these findings indicate that CSCs can be enriched from RCC by culturing the tumor cells as spheres. The immunophenotype of the SFCs demonstrated in this study suggests that CSCs might play an important role in the evasion of tumor growth from immune surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Kaopeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Sujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Youhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Changling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D000071063:Endoglin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D005472:Fluorouracil