title: A case of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as malignant hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy.
abstract: The variability of cardiovascular abnormalities is one of the characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among the cardiovascular manifestations, hypertension is reported in 14% to 58.1% of patients in diverse ethnic populations, and remains a clinically important issue due to its close relationship with early mortality in patients with SLE. The development of hypertension in patients with SLE has been associated with advanced lupus-related renal disease and the medications used for the treatment of lupus. Malignant hypertension is a serious complication of hypertension; it rarely occurs in patients with SLE. However, it can occur in patients with other complicated medical conditions such as the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) or cardiac tamponade. Here, we report the case of a patient with SLE and malignant hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy that initially presented without clinical evidence of APS or hypertensive nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seong-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006974:Hypertension, Malignant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*