title: Unilateral eyelid lesion and ophthalmologic findings in an aardvark (Orycteropus afer): case report and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the medical knowledge surrounding aardvarks to date, to describe the ophthalmic examination of a specimen with a chronic history of an upper eyelid lesion, of an assumed blind left eye, and to detail the anesthesia procedure performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-year-old aardvark was examined under general anesthesia and multiple ocular abnormalities were detected in the left eye (globe deviation, corneal opacities, iridodonesis, and aphakia). A thickening of the palpebral conjunctiva affecting the medial upper eyelid with erosion of the normal eyelid margin anatomy was identified. The adnexal lesion was resected by a wedge resection and histopathology was performed. Suture breakdown 3 days postoperatively required a second surgery, where buried sutures were used. The surgical techniques and postoperative care are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histopathology revealed mucosal hyperplasia and moderate neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic blepharitis. No causal organisms were identified. Following initial wound dehiscence and a modified surgical technique, the upper eyelid healed without complication and retained complete function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eyelid lesion involved a benign inflammatory and hyperplastic pathology of unknown etiology. Adjusting routine ophthalmic surgical techniques to wildlife and zoo animals can be challenging and complicated. It is important to understand the nature of the animals being managed, their circadian cycle, and habitat, to adjust and individualize the surgical approach, instrumentation, suture material, and perioperative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Comparative Ophthalmology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK. marian.matas@aht.org.uk
authors.forename: Màrian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matas
authors.forename: Innes
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D004490:Xenarthra