title: Spurious hypercalcitoninemia and heterophilic antibodies in patients with thyroid nodules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence of significant heterophilic antibody (HAb) interferences in serum calcitonin measurement in a large cohort of patients with thyroid nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrolled in the study were 378 patients with thyroid nodules shown not to have medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) after extensive diagnostic workup. Serum calcitonin measurement was performed before and after incubating each serum sample in heterophilic-blocking tubes (HBTs) and the differences were calculated. Samples showing an absolute percentage difference greater than 3 SD from the mean percentage difference were considered as affected by heterophilic antibody interference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of 378 patients (1.3%) with HAb interferences were identified, 4 with clinically relevant false-positive calcitonin results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A false-positive calcitonin result due to HAb interference occurs more frequently than MTC (1.3% vs 0%) in our patient series. A serum pretreatment in HBTs should be considered when increased serum calcitonin levels are found in a patient with a thyroid nodule to prevent unwarranted investigations or therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. luca.giovanella@eoc.ch
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giovanella
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suriano
mesh_terms: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002116:Calcitonin