title: Berberine: a potential phytochemical with multispectrum therapeutic activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of traditional medicines of natural origin is being encouraged for the treatment of chronic disorders, as synthetic drugs in such cases may cause unpredictable adverse effects. Berberine, a traditional plant alkaloid, is used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its antimicrobial and antiprotozoal properties. Interestingly, current clinical research on berberine has revealed its various pharmacological properties and multi-spectrum therapeutic applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive search in three electronic databases (Unbound Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect) and internet search engines (Scirus and Google Scholar) were used to identify the clinical studies on berberine, without any time constraints. This review elaborates the recent studies which reveal that with time, the drug has evolved with superior therapeutic activities. In addition, this review will also attract the attention of formulation scientists towards the issues and challenges associated in its drug delivery and the probable approaches that may be explored to help patients reap the maximum benefit of this potentially useful drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A relatively large number of studies discussed here have revealed the possible areas where this phytochemical constituent can exhibit its therapeutic activities in the treatment of chronic ailments or diseases including diabetes, cancer, depression, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential of the drug remains to be harvested by designing a suitable formulation that could overcome its inherent low bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Technology, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Parameswara Rao
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vuddanda
authors.forename: Subhashis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001599:Berberine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001599:Berberine