title: Bone changes in spouses having shared lifestyle for 40 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spousal concordance has already been observed for several other diseases but it has not yet been studied for bone loss. Our aim was to determine whether or not bone changes were the same within spouses who have shared the same environment for many decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study on an average of 5±3 years in a single center. We evaluated in the 104 spouses who came at least twice and had more than 1 year of follow-up the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at femoral neck adjusted on weight and height, and on hormone replacement therapy use and duration for women. Lifestyle characteristics and biological parameters were evaluated at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (±SD) baseline age of wives was 63±5 years and that of their husbands was 66±5 years. They had been living together for 40±8 years. Most of the environmental baseline factors were correlated within partners: BMI (r=0.26, P<0.01), 25-OHD(3) (r=0.32, P<0.01), daily calories (r=0.52, P<0.001) and calcium intake (r=0.31, P<0.01), physical activity (r=0.43, P<0.0001). Bone loss was observed in wives (-0.0023 g/cm(2)/yr, P<0.01) but not in their husbands (0.0016 g/cm(2)/yr, P=0.10). Changes of BMD were not correlated within spouses (r=0.0004, P=0.99). In women, 25-OHD(3) and interactions of tobacco with 25-OHD(3) and calories intake explained 37% of the bone loss variance (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Environmental factors do not appear to influence changes in bone density in the same manner in subjects of different genders.
authors.affiliation: U606 Inserm, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostertag
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
authors.forename: Yoann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Madec
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baudoin
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Vernejoul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D018454:Spouses