title: A simple method for dose fusion from multimodality treatment of prostate cancer: brachytherapy to external beam therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suboptimal dosage evaluated from postimplant dosimetry of prostate brachytherapy creates conundrum that needs resolution. This pilot study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of summing and visualizing radiation dosage from multimodality treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four weeks after (125)I permanent prostate seed implant, CT scans were performed on the whole pelvis of patients using our standard protocol for prostate planning. The acquired CT data sets were reconstructed using different sizes of field of view (FOV). The images with limited FOV focusing on prostate were imported into Variseed (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA) for postimplant evaluation, whereas images with full FOV were imported to Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA) treatment planning system (TPS) for future managements, that is, for external beam salvage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dose matrix resulted from the postimplant dosimetry was exported from Variseed in standard DICOM format and imported into Eclipse TPS. The brachytherapy dose matrix was registered with the patient images with full FOV in Eclipse TPS. Targets for dose boost were defined based on the isodose curves generated from brachytherapy. An external photon beam plan was successfully generated to deliver dose for selected underdose regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate external beam radiation treatment planning can be accomplished using our planning protocols when inadequate brachytherapy dose delivery occurs. The proposed technique can be used to safely deliver additional external radiation dose using intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique after suboptimal brachytherapy procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. mcao@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Minsong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Song-Chu
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Slessinger
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: DesRosiers
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: Indra J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*