title: Tibial tuberosity advancement in 92 canine stifles: initial results, clinical outcome and owner evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical outcomes, complications and owners' evaluation of the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) procedure in canine stifles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of hospital records was performed to identify dogs diagnosed with partial or complete cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture that had undergone TTA repair. Information obtained included signalment, period of lameness, surgical report, evidence of meniscal injury, postoperative recovery and peri-operative complications. Owners were asked to assess the long-term outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a total of 72 dogs (median age, 6 years; median body weight, 34.8 kg), TTA was performed in 92 stifles. Twenty breeds were represented, with Labrador Retrievers and Rottweilers the most common. The period of lameness ranged from 3 days to 24 months. The median pre-operative lameness score was 3/4 and meniscal injury was present in 51 stifles. Minor complications occurred in 29% of cases. Major complications occurred in 6.5% of cases and consisted of meniscal injury and two tibial tuberosity fractures. All were successfully managed, with good limb function when subsequently assessed. In the owner evaluation, 96% reported moderate to great improvement postoperatively, with no lameness at rest and mild to no lameness after vigorous exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical outcome and owner evaluations in this case series indicate favourable results can be expected when CCL-deficient stifles are treated with TTA.
authors.affiliation: Animal Referral Hospital, South Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia. nickdymond@hotmail.com
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Dymond
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Goldsmid
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007794:Lameness, Animal; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D013264:Stifle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome