title: Human oocytes express ATP-sensitive K(+) channels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels link intracellular metabolism with membrane excitability and play crucial roles in cellular physiology and protection. The K(ATP) channel protein complex is composed of pore forming, Kir6.x (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and regulatory, SURx (SUR2A, SUR2B or SUR1), subunits that associate in different combinations. The objective of this study was to determine whether mammalian oocytes (human, bovine, porcine) express K(ATP) channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supernumerary human oocytes at different stages of maturation were obtained from patients undergoing assisted conception treatments. Bovine and porcine oocytes in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage were obtained by aspirating antral follicles from abattoir-derived ovaries. The presence of mRNA for K(ATP) channel subunits was determined using real-time RT-PCR with primers specific for Kir6.2, Kir6.1, SUR1, SUR2A and SUR2B. To assess whether functional K(ATP) channels are present in human oocytes, traditional and perforated patch whole cell electrophysiology and immunoprecipitation/western blotting were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time PCR revealed that mRNA for Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2A and SUR2B, but not SUR1, were present in human oocytes of different stages. Only SUR2B and Kir6.2 mRNAs were detected in GV stage bovine and porcine oocytes. Immunoprecipitation with SUR2 antibody and western blotting with Kir6.1 antibody identified bands corresponding to these subunits in human oocytes. In human oocytes, 2,4-dinitrophenol (400 µM), a metabolic inhibitor known to decrease intracellular ATP and activate K(ATP) channels, increased whole cell K(+) current. On the other hand, K(+) current induced by low intracellular ATP was inhibited by extracellular glibenclamide (30 µM), an oral antidiabetic known to block the opening of K(ATP) channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, mammalian oocytes express K(ATP) channels. This opens a new avenue of research into the complex relationship between metabolism and membrane excitability in oocytes under different conditions, including conception.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences/MACHS, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Qingyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Sofija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.forename: Andriy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sukhodub
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barratt
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drew
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Evelyn E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Telfer
authors.forename: Christopher L R
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Barratt
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jovanović
mesh_terms: D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D054086:KATP Channels; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D064233:Sulfonylurea Receptors; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: C577507:ABCC8 protein, human; C577510:ABCC9 protein, human; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D054086:KATP Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D064233:Sulfonylurea Receptors; C092520:uK-ATP-1 potassium channel; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol; D005905:Glyburide