title: Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth and metabolomic profile of tomato plants.
abstract: The response of tomato plants to long-term cadmium exposure was evaluated after a 90-days long culture in hydroponic conditions (0, 20, and 100 μM CdCl(2)). Cadmium preferentially accumulated in roots, and to a lower extent in upper parts of plants. Absolute quantification of 28 metabolites was obtained through (1)H NMR, HPLC-PDA, and colorimetric methods. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between control and Cd treated samples. Proline and total ascorbate amounts were reduced in Cd-treated leaves, whereas α-tocopherol, asparagine, and tyrosine accumulation increased, principally in 100 μM Cd treated leaves. Carotenoid and chlorophyll contents decreased only in 100 μM Cd-mature-leaves, which correlate with a reduced expression of genes essential for isoprenoid and carotenoid accumulations. Our results show that tomato plants acclimatize during long-term exposure to 20 μM Cd. On the contrary, 100μM Cd treatment results in drastic physiological and metabolic perturbations leading to plant growth limitation and fruit set abortion.
authors.affiliation: UR Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires Végétales, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hédia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hédiji
authors.forename: Wahbi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Djebali
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabasson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maucourt
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baldet
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boulila Zoghlami
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deborde
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moing
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brouquisse
authors.forename: Wided
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaïbi
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallusci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001216:Asparagine / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013729:Terpenes; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; D014443:Tyrosine; D001216:Asparagine; D011392:Proline; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D001205:Ascorbic Acid