title: Transforming nursing workflow, part 2: the impact of technology on nurse activities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of new technology on nurse workflow, nurses at 2 hospitals were observed before and after implementation of an electronic medication charting system. In part 1 (September 2010 issue), we discussed the chaotic nature of nurse activities and its implications on transforming workflow.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have documented the impact of technology on performance and satisfaction, but technology's impact on the frequency, duration, and pattern of activities is less understood. These patterns are important to the development of new care models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observers shadowed nurses at 2 hospitals before and after the implementation of an electronic medication charting system. A total of 196 hours of observation was recorded at one site, and 185 hours at the other site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of variance revealed a number of significant differences in the time spent on a variety of activities, but the duration and frequency of nurse activities were not drastically altered by the additional technology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer use increased; however, the impact was evenly distributed among other activities. More importantly, time with patients and verbal communication remained unchanged as nurses seemed to incorporate the new requirements into their normal routine.
authors.affiliation: HPX, Dallas, Texas 76051, USA. ptcornell@gmail.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herrin-Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006801:Humans; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States; D057188:Workflow