title: TNFα and IFNγ synergistically enhance transcriptional activation of CXCL10 in human airway smooth muscle cells via STAT-1, NF-κB, and the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein.
abstract: Asthmatic airway smooth muscle (ASM) expresses interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (CXCL10), a chemokine known to mediate mast cell migration into ASM bundles that has been reported in the airways of asthmatic patients. CXCL10 is elevated in patients suffering from viral exacerbations of asthma and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diseases in which corticosteroids are largely ineffective. IFNγ and TNFα synergistically induce CXCL10 release from human ASM cells in a steroid-insensitive manner, via an as yet undefined mechanism. We report that TNFα activates the classical NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway, whereas IFNγ activates JAK2/STAT-1α and that inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway is more effective in abrogating CXCL10 release than the steroid fluticasone. The synergy observed with TNFα and IFNγ together, however, did not lie at the level of NF-κB activation, STAT-1α phosphorylation, or in vivo binding of these transcription factors to the CXCL10 promoter. Stimulation of human ASM cells with TNFα and IFNγ induced histone H4 but not histone H3 acetylation at the CXCL10 promoter, although no synergism was observed when both cytokines were combined. We show, however, that TNFα and IFNγ exert a synergistic effect on the recruitment of CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the CXCL10, which is accompanied by increased RNA polymerase II. Our results provide evidence that synergism between TNFα and IFNγ lies at the level of coactivator recruitment in human ASM and suggest that inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling may be of therapeutic benefit in steroid-resistant airway disease.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom. ClarkeD@MedImmune.com
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Sarawut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jindarat
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Proud
authors.forename: Linhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belvisi
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D012319:RNA Polymerase II