title: Activation of the sonic hedgehog signaling controls human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to hypoxia.
abstract: The hedgehog signal pathway plays a crucial role in the angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. However, the function of this pathway in the pulmonary vascular smooth cell proliferation in response to hypoxia remains unknown. In this study, we have demonstrated that the main components of the hedgehog pathway, including sonic hedgehog (SHH), patched1 (PTCH1), smoothened (SMO), GLI and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) are expressed in the human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). Interestingly, hypoxia significantly enhanced the expression of SHH and HIF1, facilitated the translocation of GLI1 into the nuclei, and promoted the proliferation of HPASMCs. Furthermore, direct activation of the SHH pathway through incubation with the purified recombinant human SHH or with purmorphamine and SAG, two Smo agonists, also enhanced the proliferation of HPASMCs. Importantly, the treatment with anti-SHH and anti-HIF1 antibodies or cyclopamine, a specific SMO inhibitor, markedly inhibited the nuclear translocation of GLI1 and cell proliferation in the HPASMCs induced by hypoxia and activation of the SHH pathway. Moreover, the treatment with cyclopamine increased apoptosis in the hypoxic HPASMCs. These data strongly demonstrate for the first time that the SHH signaling plays a crucial role in the regulation of HPASMC growth in response to hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Guansong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hongjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Decoster
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human