title: Sustained reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus wound infections after cardiothoracic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wound infections after cardiac surgery have increased in recent years and carry significant morbidity and mortality. In our hospital, MRSA accounted for 56% of postoperative infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative wound infection rates were compared for the 3 years before (baseline period) and after (intervention period) introduction of a comprehensive MRSA intervention program. The intervention included preoperative screening for MRSA colonization, administration of intravenous vancomycin prophylaxis for identified carriers, administration of intranasal mupirocin calcium ointment to all patients regardless of colonization status for 5 days beginning the day before surgery, and application of mupirocin to chest tube sites at the time of removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative MRSA wound infections decreased by 93% (32 infections per 2767 cases in the baseline period vs 2 infections per 2496 cases in the intervention period; relative risk, 0.069; P < .001). Overall wound infection rates decreased from 2.1% to 0.8% (59 infections per 2769 cases vs 20 infections per 2496 cases; P < .001). During the intervention period, there was no change in the number of MRSA infections after noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This MRSA intervention program, in which all patients receive intranasal mupirocin and patients colonized with MRSA receive vancomycin prophylaxis, has resulted in a near-complete and sustained elimination of MRSA wound infections after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. Edward.walsh@rochestergeneral.org
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirshner
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D009824:Ointments; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009824:Ointments; D014640:Vancomycin; D016712:Mupirocin