title: Is induced labour in the nullipara associated with more maternal and perinatal morbidity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain any differences in foetomaternal outcomes in induced and spontaneous labour among nulliparous women delivering at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective matched cohort study consisting of 403 nulliparous women induced at ≥ 292 days and 806 nulliparous women with spontaneous labour at 285-291 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to those in spontaneous labour, women who had induction of labour were three times more likely to have a caesarean delivery (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.4-4.1; P < 0.001). Women who had induction of labour were 2.2 times more likely to have oxytocin augmentation (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8; P < 0.001), 3.6 times more likely to have epidural anaesthesia (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.8-4.6; P < 0.001), 1.7 times more likely to have uterine hyperstimulation (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6), 2 times more likely to have a suspicious foetal heart rate trace (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6), 4.1 times more likely to have blood loss over 500 ml (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.9-5.5; P < 0.001), and 2.9 times more likely to stay in hospital beyond 5 days (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.6; P < 0.001). Babies born to mothers who had induction of labour were significantly more likely to have an Apgar score of <5 at 5 min and an arterial cord pH of <7.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to those with spontaneous labour, nulliparous women with induced labours are more likely to have uterine hyperstimulation, caesarean delivery, and babies with low Apgar scores. Nulliparous women should be made aware of this, as well as potential risks of expectant management during counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children's Directorate, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, Chase Farm Hospital, The Ridgeway, Enfield, UK. Dseloojeme@aol.com
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selo-Ojeme
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Panicos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shangaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D001034:Apgar Score; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D007902:Length of Stay; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010298:Parity; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D010121:Oxytocin