title: Effects of systemic inhibition of Rho kinase on blood pressure and renal haemodynamics in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The RhoA/Rho associated kinases (ROCK) pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Early stages of diabetes are associated with renal haemodynamic changes, contributing to later development of DN. However, the role of RhoA/ROCK, known regulators of vascular tone, in this process has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood pressure (BP), glomerular filtration (GFR), effective renal plasma flow and filtration fraction (FF) in response to the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 (0.1 and 0.5 mg·kg(-1) ) and fasudil (0.3 and 1.5 mg·kg(-1) ) were examined in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and non-diabetic controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic rats demonstrated baseline increases in GFR and FF. In contrast to similar decreases in BP in diabetic and control rats, renal vasodilator effects and a decrease in FF, following ROCK inhibition were observed only in diabetic rats. The vasodilator effects of Y27632 and a further decrease in FF, were also detected in diabetic rats pretreated with the angiotensin antagonist losartan. The effects of ROCK inhibitors in diabetic rats were modulated by prior protein kinase C (PKC)β inhibition with ruboxistaurin, which abolished their effects on FF. Consistent with the renal vasodilator effects, the ROCK inhibitors reduced phosphorylation of myosin light chain in diabetic kidneys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate greater dependence of renal haemodynamics on RhoA/ROCK and beneficial haemodynamic effects of ROCK inhibitors in diabetes, which were additive to the effects of losartan. In this process, the RhoA/ROCK pathway operated downstream of or interacted with, PKCβ in some segments of the renal vascular tree.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-2940, USA. komersr@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komers
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013311:Streptozocin; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D013311:Streptozocin; C099154:ruboxistaurin; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D019808:Losartan