title: Emerging treatments in the management of bipolar disorder - focus on risperidone long acting injection.
abstract: Bipolar disorder is a life-long psychiatric illness characterized by a high frequency of relapses and substantial societal costs. Almost half of the patients are prescribed second generation antipsychotics for treatment of manic states, or as the maintenance therapy. Risperidone long acting injection (RLAI) as a monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in United States in May 2009. In this review we will consider the aspects of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, safety and tolerability, and clinical trials focusing on the efficacy of RLAI in bipolar disorder. The patients' perspective and attitudes to long-acting injections will also be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U930 ERL CNRS 3106, Université François Rabelais and Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Wissam
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Hage
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Surguladze