title: Lifestyle modification in metabolic syndrome and associated changes in plasma amino acid profiles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although lifestyle modification is the key treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), clinical data on the dynamical relationship between metabolic state and MetS has been limited. This study investigated the mutual correlations between demographic and biochemical variables, and the metabolic state based on the plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, during a lifestyle modification for MetS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Japanese subjects, consisting of 54 patients with MetS [MetS(+)] and 35 persons without MetS [MetS(-)] were included in the study. Before a lifestyle modification program, the levels of glutamate metabolism-related AA (Glu-mAA), aromatic AA metabolism-related AA (Aromatic-mAA) and alanine metabolism-related AA (Ala-mAA) were significantly higher, while those of glycine-serine-threonine metabolism-related AA (Gly-Ser-Thr-mAA) were significantly lower compared to those in MetS(-). After a lifestyle modification, significant reductions (P<0.05) in the BMI (-1.4 kg/m(2)), mean blood pressure (-7.9 mmHg), hemoglobin A(1c) (-0.4%), and triglycerides (-30.6 mg/dl) were observed, and significant differences in the plasma AA levels between MetS(+) and MetS(-) were resolved. In addition, the diagnostic items of MetS were positively correlated with the levels of Glu-mAA, Ala-mAA, branched chain AA (BCAA)-mAA, Aromatic-mAA, and negatively correlated with the levels of Gly-Ser-Thr-mAA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As MetS subsided, the abnormality of mean plasma AA levels of the MetS(+) group returned to similar values as those in the MetS(-) group, suggesting a novel viewpoint regarding the metabolic mechanism of lifestyle modification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Kanagawa Health Service Association, Yokohama, Japan. m-kamaura@yobouigaku-kanagawa.or.jp
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamaura
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Shunsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizushima
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tochikubo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003376:Counseling; D004032:Diet; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human