title: [Anti-VEGF inhibitors and their role in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema].
abstract: Diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative retinopathy are common causes for blindness in middle-aged patients. The gold standard for treatment has been laser coagulation. Limitations of this therapy are refractive DME, ischaemic diabetic maculopathy and complications after laser application. The need for a non-destructive and effective strategy has led to investigations regarding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for reduction of vessel leakage and oedema formation. VEGF antibody fragments have been approved for age-associated macular degeneration (AMD) in different countries and have proved to be safe and effective. Trials for different anti-VEGF compounds are nearing completion or are completed. Published data show a superiority of anti-VEGF therapy compared to laser coagulation. In the present article, data regarding dose, injection scheme and practicable application form are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Vinodh.Kakkassery@charite.de
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kakkassery
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winterhalter
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joussen
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056687:Off-Label Use; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D042262:Retinoscopy; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C533178:aflibercept; D014221:Triamcinolone; C495058:pegaptanib; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D000069579:Ranibizumab