title: Cytotoxicity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts on pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been a long standing interest in the identification of medicinal plants and derived natural products for developing cancer therapeutics. Our study focuses upon pancreatic cancer, due to its high mortality rate, that is attributed in part to the lack of an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Previous reports on the use of medicinal plant extracts either alone or alongside conventional anticancer agents in the treatment of this cancer have shown promising results. This work aims to investigate the therapeutic properties of a library of medicinal plants from Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 extracts of 44 unique medicinal plants were studied. The extracts were screened for cytotoxicity against the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Panc-1, using a label-free biosensor assay. The top cytotoxic extracts identified in this screen were tested on two additional pancreatic cancer cell lines (Mia-Paca2 and Capan-1) and a fibroblast cell line (Hs68) using an MTT proliferation assay. Finally, one of the most promising extracts was studied using a caspase-3 colorimetric assay to identify induction of apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude extracts of Petunia punctata, Alternanthera sessilis, and Amoora chittagonga showed cytotoxicity to three cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 20.3 - 31.4 μg/mL, 13.08 - 34.9 μg/mL, and 42.8 - 49.8 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, treatment of Panc-1 cells with Petunia punctata was shown to increase caspase-3 activity, indicating that the observed cytotoxicity was mediated via apoptosis. Only Amoora chittagonga showed low cytotoxicity to fibroblast cells with an IC50 value > 100 μg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon the initial screening work reported here, further studies aimed at the identification of active components of these three extracts and the elucidation of their mechanisms as cancer therapeutics are warranted.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA.
authors.forename: Sherine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Siddharth V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bhalerao
authors.forename: Erich A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lidstone
authors.forename: Irfan S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Atiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Watkin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001459:Bangladesh; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053148:Caspase 3