title: Comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing an invasive strategy: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin plus glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pharmacotherapy for patients undergoing PCI includes bivalirudin, heparin, and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. We sought to compare ischemic and bleeding outcomes with bivalirudin versus heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted to identify fully published randomized trials that compared bivalirudin with heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19,772 patients in 5 clinical trials were included in the analysis (9785 patients received bivalirudin and 9987 patients received heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors during PCI). Anticoagulation with bivalirudin, as compared with heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, results in no difference in major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96 to 1.19), death (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.21), or urgent revascularization (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.30). There is a trend towards a higher risk of myocardial infarction (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.28) but a significantly lower risk of TIMI major bleeding with bivalirudin (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who undergo PCI, anticoagulation with bivalirudin as compared with unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors results in similar ischemic adverse events but a reduction in major bleeding.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (Division of Cardiology), Los Angeles, CA, United States. mslee@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hsini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jashdeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dhoot
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tobis
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.forename: Ehtisham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mahmud
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin