title: A phase I study of continuous infusion cilengitide in patients with solid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cilengitide (EMD121974) is a cyclized pentapeptide that is a potent and selective integrin antagonist which has shown activity in malignant gliomas. In all previous studies, cilengitide has been administered in an intermittent fashion. However, cilengitide has a short half-life of 3-5 h with no evidence of drug accumulation. These data prompted the initiation of this phase I study of continuous infusion cilengitide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cilengitide was administered as a continuous infusion without break in 4-week cycles. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic studies were obtained weekly in cycle 1 immediately prior to and 2 h after infusion bag change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients were treated (median age 56; 23 males) at dose levels of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 27, and 40 mg/h. Toxicities were limited to grade ≤ 2 and showed no relation to dose. Fatigue was most common (17%), while all other toxicities were reported in <10% of patients. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and therefore the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that values for clearance and volume of distribution were comparable across dose levels, and the steady-state concentration increased proportionally with dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cilengitide can be safely administered as a continuous infusion at doses up to at least 40 mg/h, which represents the maximum feasible dose due to drug solubility and delivery limitations. The pharmacokinetics of continuous infusion cilengitide are linear and consistent with the results obtained using a twice weekly infusion.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. podonnel@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Samir D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Undevia
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Karrison
authors.forename: M Kelly
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janisch
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ratain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002641:Chicago; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012910:Snake Venoms; C422910:Cilengitide