title: RET rearrangements and BRAF mutation in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas having papillary carcinoma components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the genetic background of anaplastic transformation, RET rearrangements and BRAF mutation were studied in composite undifferentiated carcinomas (UCs) of the thyroid, which are UCs having papillary carcinoma (PC) components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for RET rearrangements and PCR for BRAF mutation in UC and PC components that were microdissected separately from seven composite UCs. Forty-two thyroid cancers with single component histology (14 UCs and 28 PCs) were also studied in the same manner. RET/PTC1 was undetectable in both components from all seven composite UCs, and RET/PTC3 was identified in both components of one composite UC. BRAF mutation was identified in both components from three composite UCs and only in the PC components from two composite UCs. In contrast, in thyroid carcinomas with single component histology, RET/PTC1 was detected in 11% of PCs and in none of the UCs, and RET/PTC3 was not found in any of the tumours studied. BRAF mutation was identified in 82% of PCs and in 21% of UCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of BRAF mutation and the absence of RET rearrangements in UC components from composite UCs supports the hypothesis that UCs may actually represent progressive malignant degeneration of a BRAF-mutated, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwashina
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf