title: Nebulized hypertonic saline and recombinant human DNase in the treatment of pulmonary atelectasis in newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline (HS) and recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) treatment for resolution of persistent atelectasis in newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty newborns (38 preterms) who did not respond to conventional treatment were enrolled to receive either nebulized 3% HS solution (n = 20) or rhDNase (n = 20) between September 2007 and March 2008. Clinical parameters, oxygen saturation and radiological response (chest X-ray scoring) were analyzed before and after administration of 3% HS or rhDNase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients of the nebulized 3% HS solution group improved better chest X-ray scores parameters than the patients of the rhDNase group: chest X-ray scores were 5.1 ± 1.9 vs 4.8 ± 1.7 before treatment and 1.0 ± 0.8 vs 2.1 ± 1.4 after treatment (P < 0.001). Resolution time of atelectasis did not differ between the two groups after whole treatment but the percentage of atelectasis resolution after 3 days treatment were 90% (18/20) in the 3% HS group and 70% (14/20) in the rhDNase group. The patients in the 3% HS group improved better also in clinical parameters in comparison to the rhDNase treatment. The difference of oxygen saturation before and after the treatment was 4.6 ± 0.8 in 3% HS group in comparison to 2.6 ± 0.1 in the rhDNase group (P < 0.05). All serum sodium levels were normal in two groups before and after the treatment modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study on the usefulness of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution in treating newborns with pulmonary atelectasis. In addition, 3% HS solution was a more effective therapeutic option on the basis of clinical and radiological improvement compared to rhDNase treatment in newborns with pulmonary atelectasis.
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dilmen
authors.forename: Belma Saygili
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Karagol
authors.forename: Serife Suna
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oguz
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; C085693:DNASE1 protein, human; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I