title: Outcome differences between gastroschisis repair methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect that is repaired with either a primary closure or staged closure. The outcome of these infants may differ because of different closure techniques. In addition to the usual markers of parenteral nutrition (PN) use and length of stay (LOS) as outcome measures, we examined the duration of postoperative acidosis and positive fluid balance as markers for postoperative stress associated with these two techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of newborns with gastroschisis was conducted at a free-standing children's hospital from 2002 to 2008. The demographic data, gestational age, birth weight, operative reports, days on PN, LOS, duration of postoperative acidosis and fluid balances were reviewed. Data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test or unpaired t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two infants with gastroschisis were identified. One was excluded from analysis due to incomplete follow-up. The patients were classified as either primary closure (n = 8) or staged repair (n = 23). There was one death in our series. Patients who underwent primary closure had significantly older gestational age and higher birth weight. Primary closure is associated with significantly less duration of postoperative metabolic acidosis and fewer days with positive fluid balance. Patients who had primary repair also had less parenteral nutrition use and shorter length of hospitalization, though not statistically significant. Gastroschisis with associated intestinal atresia was more likely to be repaired with staged closures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are physiologic advantages to primary repair of gastroschisis that can lead to better outcome, but the indications for the choices of closure technique remain unclear. Primary closure should be used when possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14642, USA. Yi-Horng_Lee@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hartin
authors.forename: Mauricio A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Yi-Horng
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000601:surgery*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007813:Laparotomy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome