title: Beta-tubulin III expression in prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beta-tubulin isotype III is a microtubule component associated with resistance to chemotherapy and poor outcome in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate its expression in prostate cancer and its role as a prognostic factor in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tissue microarray was constructed of 289 prostate cancers from radical prostatectomy specimens with a median follow-up of 48.9 months. Slides were immunostained for β-tubulin III. The intensity and extent of immunoreactivity and their product [immunoreactivity product (IRP)] were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tubulin III was expressed in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells but not in benign glands. Only 11.6% of cancers were positive for tubulin III. Among low-grade (Gleason score 5-6) and high-grade (Gleason score 7-10) cancers, 6.0% and 16.6% were positive, respectively (p = 0.006). β-Tubulin III expression was more often seen in high-stage disease and more often in metastases (62.5%) than in primary lesions (11.6%) (p < 0.001). The intensity, extent and IRP of tubulin III all predicted biochemical recurrence in univariate Cox analysis (p = 0.02, p = 0.048 and p = 0.012, respectively). IRP was an independent predictor of prognosis when adjusted for serum prostate-specific antigen in a multivariate Cox analysis (p = 0.005), but not when the Gleason score was added to the model (p = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β-Tubulin III predicts biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in a subset of patients. Its practical utility is limited by the low number of cases positive for this biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. lars.egevad@ki.se
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egevad
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdman
authors.forename: N Peter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sève
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumontet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C498585:TUBB3 protein, human; D014404:Tubulin