title: Pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: incidence, risk factors and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic fistulae post distal pancreatectomy still leads to significant morbidity and if not properly managed, may lead to mortality. The identification of risk factors and effective management of patients with pancreatic fistulae is important in the prevention of these complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 75 open consecutive distal pancreatectomies in the Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital from May 2001 to May 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indications for operation were neuroendocrine tumours (n= 15), adenocarcinoma (n= 20), Intraductal papillary mucinous tumour (IPMT) (n= 20), serous cysts (n= 15) and trauma (n= 5). There were 20 patients (27%) who developed pancreatic fistulae in the whole series. On univariate analysis, the patients with pancreatic fistulae had significantly more pre-morbidities, softer pancreas and use of staplers as a method of closure of the pancreatic remnant. On multivariate analysis, the use of staplers and soft pancreas were significant independent risk factors for the development of pancreatic fistulae in our patient population. All of the patients with pancreatic fistulae were successfully treated non-surgically with no mortality in the whole series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of stapler on soft pancreas leads to a higher risk for pancreatic fistulae after distal pancreatectomies. Most pancreatic fistulae can be managed non-surgically with good outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore. hicow@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Chiow Adrian
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kah Heng
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.forename: Tan Siong
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: San
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Su-Ming
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors