Endothelin-1 gene regulation.
Over two decades of research have demonstrated that the peptide hormone endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays multiple, complex roles in cardiovascular, neural, pulmonary, reproductive, and renal physiology. Differential and tissue-specific production of ET-1 must be tightly regulated in order to preserve these biologically diverse actions. The primary mechanism thought to control ET-1 bioavailability is the rate of transcription from the ET-1 gene (edn1). Studies conducted on a variety of cell types have identified key transcription factors that govern edn1 expression. With few exceptions, the cis-acting elements bound by these factors have been mapped in the edn1 regulatory region. Recent evidence has revealed new roles for some factors originally believed to regulate edn1 in a tissue or hormone-specific manner. In addition, other mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation and mRNA stability have emerged as important processes for regulated edn1 expression. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific factors and signaling systems that govern edn1 activity at the molecular level.
Stow
Lisa R
LR
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Jacobs
Mollie E
ME
Wingo
Charles S
CS
Cain
Brian D
BD
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D057890:Epigenomics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D020871:RNA Stability; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D019332:Endothelin-1; D014157:Transcription Factors