title: Stereoscopic virtual reality presurgical planning for cerebrospinal otorrhea.
abstract: We present a complicated case of spontaneous cerebrospinal otorrhea, which had not been cured despite undergoing 5 surgical interventions in the past. The disability to identify the location of the fistula was the main crux of the past failures. On this occasion, stereoscopic virtual reality presurgical planning was applied to identify the exact location of the fistula and a surgical simulation was performed, and was later confirmed during the actual operation. Interactive manipulation in a stereoscopic virtual environment makes the decision making process easier in the treatment of cerebrospinal otorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiao-Luo
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: De-Lin
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface