title: Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today the proportion of acute patients entering the health care system through emergency departments continues to grow, the number of uninsured patients relying primarily on treatment in the emergency department is increasing, and patients' average acuities are rising. At the same time, support resources are constrained, while reimbursement and reputation depends increasingly on publicly available measures of patient satisfaction. It is important to understand the potential effect of these pressures on direct care staff. This study explores the prevalence of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses and nurses in other selected inpatient specialties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency nurses and nurses from 3 other specialty units self-selected participation in a cross-sectional survey. Participants completed a sociodemographic profile and the Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Subscales, R-IV. Scale scores were summed for compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue for emergency nurses and compared with those of nurses in other specialties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 82% of emergency nurses had moderate to high levels of burnout, and nearly 86% had moderate to high levels of compassion fatigue. Differences between emergency nurses and those working in 3 other specialty areas, that is, oncology, nephrology, and intensive care, on the subscales for compassion satisfaction, burnout, or compassion fatigue did not reach the level of statistical significance. However, the scores of emergency nurses evidenced a risk for less compassion satisfaction, while intensive care nurses demonstrated a higher risk for burnout and oncology nurses reflected a risk for higher compassion fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED nurse managers, along with other nurse leaders, are faced with the competing demands of managing the satisfaction of patients, recruitment and retention of experienced nurses, and provision of quality and safe care customized to patients' needs and preferences. Understanding the concepts of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and identifying best practice interventions, will help nurses maintain caring attitudes with patients and contribute to patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, AnMed Health Medical Center, Anderson, SC, USA. crystal.hooper@anmedhealth.org
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Janvrin
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wetsel
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reimels
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016529:Emergency Nursing; D004645:Empathy; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload