title: Insights into the functionality of the putative residues involved in enterocin AS-48 maturation.
abstract: AS-48 is a 70-residue, α-helical, cationic bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis and is very singular in its circular structure and its broad antibacterial spectrum. The AS-48 preprotein consists of an N-terminal signal peptide (SP) (35 residues) followed by a proprotein moiety that undergoes posttranslational modifications to yield the mature and active circular protein. For the study of the specificity of the region of AS-48 that is responsible for maturation, three single mutants have been generated by site-directed mutagenesis in the as-48A structural gene. The substitutions were made just in the residues that are thought to constitute a recognition site for the SP cleavage enzyme (His-1, Met1) and in those involved in circularization (Met1, Trp70). Each derivative was expressed in the enterococcal JH2-2 strain containing the necessary native biosynthetic machinery for enterocin production. The importance of these derivatives in AS-48 processing has been evaluated on the basis of the production and structural characterization of the corresponding derivatives. Notably, only two of them (Trp70Ala and Met1Ala derivatives) could be purified in different forms and amounts and are characterized for their bactericidal activity and secondary structure. We could not detect any production of AS-48 in JH2-2(pAM401-81(His-1Ile)) by using the conventional chromatographic techniques, despite the high efficiency of the culture conditions applied to produce this enterocin. Our results underline the different important roles of the mutated residues in (i) the elimination of the SP, (ii) the production levels and antibacterial activity of the mature proteins, and (iii) protein circularization. Moreover, our findings suggest that His-1 is critically involved in cleavage site recognition, its substitution being responsible for the blockage of processing, thereby hampering the production of the specific protein in the cellular culture supernatant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cebrián
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maqueda
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Neira
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valdivia
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Bueno
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montalbán-López
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003086:Bacteriocin Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D003470:Culture Media; C466236:enterocin AS-48, Enterococcus faecalis