title: Neuralized1 causes apoptosis and downregulates Notch target genes in medulloblastoma.
abstract: Neuralized (Neurl) is a highly conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase, which in Drosophila acts upon Notch ligands to regulate Notch pathway signaling. Human Neuralized1 (NEURL1) was investigated as a potential tumor suppressor in medulloblastoma (MB). The gene is located at 10q25.1, a region demonstrating frequent loss of heterozygosity in tumors. In addition, prior publications have shown that the Notch pathway is functional in a proportion of MB tumors and that Neurl1 is only expressed in differentiated cells in the developing cerebellum. In this study, NEURL1 expression was downregulated in MB compared with normal cerebellar tissue, with the lowest levels of expression in hedgehog-activated tumors. Control of gene expression by histone modification was implicated mechanistically; loss of 10q, sequence mutation, and promoter hypermethylation did not play major roles. NEURL1-transfected MB cell lines demonstrated decreased population growth, colony-forming ability, tumor sphere formation, and xenograft growth compared with controls, and a significant increase in apoptosis was seen on cell cycle and cell death analysis. Notch pathway inhibition occurred on the exogenous expression of NEURL1, as shown by decreased expression of the Notch ligand, Jagged1, and the target genes, HES1 and HEY1. From these studies, we conclude that NEURL1 is a candidate tumor suppressor in MB, at least in part through its effects on the Notch pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teider
authors.forename: Deborah K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Adrianne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neiss
authors.forename: S Dilhan
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Weeraratne
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Amani
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: Yoon-Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pomeroy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072100:Jagged-1 Protein; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000072099:Serrate-Jagged Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000072100:Jagged-1 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D000072099:Serrate-Jagged Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C485631:HEY1 protein, human; C000606273:JAG1 protein, human; C000606278:Ser protein, Drosophila; C078493:HES1 protein, human; C556508:NEURL1 protein, human