title: Patients with ice hockey injuries presenting to US emergency departments, 1990-2006.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the number of US ice hockey participants doubled from 1990 to 2006, no nationally representative studies have examined US ice hockey injuries among participants of all ages during this period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe patients with ice hockey injuries presenting to a representative sample of US emergency departments (EDs) from 1990 through 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective injury surveillance study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The US Consumer Product Safety Commission collects data from 100 nationally representative EDs via the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals injured while playing ice hockey and presenting to a NEISS-affiliated ED from 1990 through 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence and patterns of ice hockey-related injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1990 through 2006, 8228 patients with ice hockey-related injuries presented to NEISS-affiliated EDs, representing an estimated 302 368 ice hockey-related injuries sustained nationally during this time. Injuries occurred predominantly among males (93.5%). More than half of the injured were aged 9 to 14 years (28.9%) or 15 to 18 years (30.1%), and injury incidence in these age groups increased over the study period (P  =  .009 and P < .001, respectively). The most commonly injured body sites were the face (19.1%), wrist/hand/finger (14.1%), shoulder/upper arm (13.8%), and lower leg/ankle/foot (11.1%). Lacerations (27.0%), contusions/abrasions (23.6%), fractures (17.3%), and sprains/strains (16.9%) were the most common injuries. Falls (16.5%), contact with boards (13.6%), and contact with stick (13.0%) were the most common injury mechanisms. Compared with those aged 9 to 18 years, those aged 2 to 8 years and those older than 18 years sustained larger proportions of face (injury proportion ratio [IPR]  =  2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  2.29, 3.08) and mouth (IPR  =  4.34; 95% CI  =  2.87, 6.56) injuries. Concussions were more common among those aged 2 to 18 years (9.0%) than in those who were older than 18 years (3.7%) (IPR  =  2.47; 95% CI  =  1.75, 3.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ice hockey injury patterns vary by age and sex. Our findings indicate that many trips to the ED might be prevented by using protective equipment appropriately.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, School of Physical Activity and Educational Services, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deits
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Yard
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: R Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Comstock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult