Risk indicators of temporomandibular disorder incidences in early adolescence.
OBJECTIVE
Although temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has been presumed to be a condition affecting adults, studies have reported the presence of signs and symptoms in children. The purpose of this paper was to verify the influence of gender, mother's gestational behavior, malocclusion, and oral habits as risk indicators for TMD in 12-year-old adolescents.


METHODS
TMD pain was assessed by research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD; axis I). Five-hundred fifty-eight subjects (330 girls and 228 boys) underwent examinations. Bivariate analyses were performed using the chisquare test. The logistic regression models were adjusted estimating the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and significance level.


RESULTS
Only 2% of boys and 7% of girls presented one of the axis I categories. Gender was significantly related to TMD diagnosis (P<.01). Menarche, however, was not associated. Malocclusion, mother's gestational behavior, and children's oral habits were not associated with incidence of TMD (P>.05). Girls were almost 4 times more affected than boys (OR=3.97; CI=1.51-10.53).


CONCLUSIONS
The mothers' gestational behavior and presence of menarche, malocclusion, and oral habits by their adolescents were not associated with diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. Gender was the only factor associated with the incidence of TMD in 12-year-old adolescents.
Pereira
Luciano José
LJ
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brazil. lucianojosepereira@yahoo.com.br
Pereira-Cenci
Tatiana
T
Del Bel Cury
Altair Antoninha
AA
Pereira
Stela Márcia
SM
Pereira
Antônio Carlos
AC
Ambosano
Glaucia Maria Bovi
GM
Gavião
Maria Beatriz Duarte
MB
D000293:Adolescent; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis; D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D003970:Diastema; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005386:Fingersucking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis; D008046:Lip / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000150:complications; D009259:Nail Biting / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014061:Tongue Habits