title: Effects of folk medicinal plant extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper on early bone healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several haemostatic agents are available for clinical use. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a mixture of five medicinal plant extracts, has been used historically as a haemostatic agent. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the effects of ABS on early bone healing using a rat tibia defect model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 8 animals each. After deep anesthesia with ketamine, bone defects (3 mm diameter and 2 mm deep) were created in the right and left tibiae of all animals and either treated with 1 cc of ABS (Group 1) or left untreated (Group 2; control). Surgical areas were closed primarily. The animals were sacrificed on the 7th postoperative day and bone samples were collected from the tibias. The samples were examined histopathologically for infection, necrosis, fibrosis, new bone formation and foreign body reaction. The histomorphometric results were analyzed statistically by the chi square test, with the level of significance set at p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found in both groups in terms of inflammation, necrosis and new bone formation (p=0.001, p=0.0001, p=0.001). No foreign body reaction was observed in the experimental group. ABS application decreased fibrosis in the experimental group, but there were no statistically significant differences from the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histopathologically, it was observed that the application of ABS decreased the occurrence of inflammation and necrosis, while increasing new bone formation in early bone healing period. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary for evaluating the benefits and possible adverse effects of the application of this herbal product on wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sabri Cemil
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Işler
authors.forename: Sabit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.forename: Sirmahan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakarer
authors.forename: Zerrin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cebi
authors.forename: Cengizhan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.forename: Merva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soluk
authors.forename: Emir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yüzbaşioğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D009336:Necrosis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D010936:Plant Extracts; C539751:ankaferd blood stopper