title: Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson disease (PD), patients without dementia have reported variable prevalences and profiles of MCI, likely to be due to methodologic differences between the studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine frequency and the profile of MCI in a large, multicenter cohort of well-defined patients with PD using a standardized analytic method and a common definition of MCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,346 patients with PD from 8 different cohorts were included. Standardized analysis of verbal memory, visuospatial, and attentional/executive abilities was performed. Subjects were classified as having MCI if their age- and education-corrected z score on one or more cognitive domains was at least 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of either control subjects or normative data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 25.8% of subjects (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.5-28.2) were classified as having MCI. Memory impairment was most common (13.3%; 11.6-15.3), followed by visuospatial (11.0%; 9.4-13.0) and attention/executive ability impairment (10.1%; 8.6-11.9). Regarding cognitive profiles, 11.3% (9.7-13.1) were classified as nonamnestic single-domain MCI, 8.9% (7.0-9.9) as amnestic single-domain, 4.8% (3.8-6.1) as amnestic multiple-domain, and 1.3% (0.9-2.1) as nonamnestic multiple-domain MCI. Having MCI was associated with older age at assessment and at disease onset, male gender, depression, more severe motor symptoms, and advanced disease stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCI is common in patients with PD without dementia, affecting a range of cognitive domains, including memory, visual-spatial, and attention/executive abilities. Future studies of patients with PD with MCI need to determine risk factors for ongoing cognitive decline and assess interventions at a predementia stage.
authors.affiliation: Stavanger University Hospital, Psychiatric Division, PO Box 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway. daarsland@gmail.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aarsland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bronnick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams-Gray
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulisevsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pagonabarraga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allcock
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foltynie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janvin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emre
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D018579:Patient Selection; D015995:Prevalence