title: Adherence monitoring in drug delivery.
abstract: Adherence monitoring is an important issue in inhaled drug delivery. Adherence is commonly found to be low and poor adherence is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and increased use of health services. Improving adherence is essential to maintaining disease and symptom control for patients and decreasing health costs. Feedback on actual adherence has been shown to increase subsequent adherence. In addition, education programs, reminder systems and increased patient-clinician interaction can also improve adherence. However, improved adherence is not sufficient if inhalation devices are being used incorrectly; the emphasis must be on devices being used in accordance with both the prescribed regimen and the instructions for use. As a result of technological advancements, drug delivery devices that both monitor adherence and address poor inhaler technique are now available. These devices combine monitoring systems with various feedback mechanisms in order to 'coach' the patient to use the device correctly. Some devices also incorporate connectivity to communicate accurate adherence and inhaler technique data to the clinician. This editorial considers current and future adherence monitoring devices and the impact that such technology could have on improving the patient's adherence and inhaler technique.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Denyer
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010820:Physicians; D013663:Teaching
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents