Self-assembled dicopper(II) diethanolaminate cores for mild aerobic and peroxidative oxidation of alcohols.
The new dicopper(ii) complexes [Cu(2)(μ-Hmdea)(2)(NCS)(2)] (1) and [Cu(2)(μ-Hedea)(2)(N(3))(2)]·(H(2)O)(0.25) (2) with the {Cu(2)(μ-O)(2)} diethanolaminate cores have been easily generated by aqueous medium self-assembly reactions of copper(ii) nitrate with N-methyl- or N-ethyldiethanolamine (H(2)mdea or H(2)edea, respectively), in the presence of sodium thiocyanate (for 1) or sodium azide (for 2) as ancillary ligands sources. They have been isolated as air-stable crystalline solids and fully characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopies, ESI-MS(+), elemental and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The latter complex also features a fourfold linkage of neighbouring dimeric units via strong intermolecular O-HO hydrogen bonds, giving rise to the formation of tetracopper aggregates. The catalytic activity of compounds 1 and 2 has been studied for the mild (50-80 °C) and selective oxidations of alcohols, namely for (i) the aerobic aqueous medium oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes, mediated by TEMPO radical, and for (ii) the solvent-free oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones by t-BuOOH under microwave (MW) irradiation. Complex 2 shows the highest efficiency in both oxidation systems, resulting in up to 99% molar yields (based on the alcohol substrate) of products. In addition, remarkably high values of TON (1020) and TOF (4080 h(-1)) have been achieved in the MW-assisted peroxidative oxidation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone (model reaction). Attractive green features of these catalytic systems include the operation in aqueous or solvent-free reaction medium, under mild conditions and with high yields and selectivities, using Cu catalyst precursors that are readily available by self-assembly in water of simple chemicals.
Figiel
Paweł J
PJ
Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
Kirillov
Alexander M
AM
Guedes da Silva
M Fátima C
MF
Lasri
Jamal
J
Pombeiro
Armando J L
AJ