title: Patients' vs. Physicians' Assessments of Emergencies: The Prudent Layperson Standard.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare perception of the need for emergency care by emergency department (ED) patients vs. emergency physicians (EPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed survey to EPs and a convenience sample of ED patients. Survey rated urgency of acute sore throat, ankle injury, abdominal pain, and hemiparesis, as well as the best definition of "emergency." Responses were compared with chi-square (p < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  119/140 (85%) of EPs and 1453 ED patients responded. EPs were more likely to judge acute abdominal pain (79.8% vs. 43.4%, p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 5.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.19-8.40) and hemiparesis (100% vs. 82.6%, p < 0.001, OR 24.9, 95% CI 3.75-94.4) as an emergency. Similar proportions of ED patients and EPs considered sore throat (12.2% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.18, OR 0.59, CI 0.27-1.23) and ankle injury (46.9% vs. 38.6%, p = 0.10, OR 0.71, CI 0.48-1.06) an emergency. EPs (35%) and ED patients (40%) agreed to a similar degree with the "prudent layperson" definition, "a condition that may result in death, permanent disability, or severe pain." (p = .36, OR 1.22, CI 0.81-1.84). EPs were more likely to add, "the condition prevented work," (27% vs. 16%, p = 0.003, OR 0.51, CI 0.33-0.81). Patients more often added, "occurred outside business hours" (15% vs. 4%, p = 0.002, OR 4.0, CI = 1.5-11.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For serious complaints, ED patients' thresholds for seeking care are higher than judged appropriate by EPs. Stroke is not uniformly recognized as an emergency. Absent consensus for the "correct" threshold, the prudent layperson standard is appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Langdorf
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bearie
authors.forename: A Antoine
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kazzi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blasko
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohl