title: Genetic aberrations of the K-ras proto-oncogene in bladder cancer in Kashmiri population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of specific point mutations in the K-ras gene in a group of Kashmiri patients with bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the incidence of K-ras exon 1 gene mutations in tumors and surgical margins in 60 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of varied clinical stages and histological grades using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant correlation was found between the K-ras, the lymph node status, and tumor recurrence (P < 0.05). Also, smokers and patients with higher tumor grade showed a significantly higher relative risk of developing K-ras mutations than the normal ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  K-ras exon 1 gene mutations were found with low frequency in the bladder cancer tumors from Kashmir valley, which suggests that K-ras gene might be involved in a sub-set of bladder tumors, but it needs further investigation on a larger cohort sample to authenticate the current findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mahoor S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: A Syed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sameer
authors.forename: Nidda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Syeed
authors.forename: Zaffar A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Imtiyaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Murtaza
authors.forename: Mushtaq A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas