title: A novel protein kinase localized to lipid droplets is required for droplet biogenesis in trypanosomes.
abstract: Ubiquitous among eukaryotes, lipid droplets are organelles that function to coordinate intracellular lipid homeostasis. Their morphology and abundance is affected by numerous genes, many of which are involved in lipid metabolism. In this report we identify a Trypanosoma brucei protein kinase, LDK, and demonstrate its localization to the periphery of lipid droplets. Association with lipid droplets was abrogated when the hydrophobic domain of LDK was deleted, supporting a model in which the hydrophobic domain is associated with or inserted into the membrane monolayer of the organelle. RNA interference knockdown of LDK modestly affected the growth of mammalian bloodstream-stage parasites but did not affect the growth of insect (procyclic)-stage parasites. However, the abundance of lipid droplets dramatically decreased in both cases. This loss was dominant over treatment with myriocin or growth in delipidated serum, both of which induce lipid body biogenesis. Growth in delipidated serum also increased LDK autophosphorylation activity. Thus, LDK is required for the biogenesis or maintenance of lipid droplets and is one of the few protein kinases specifically and predominantly associated with an intracellular organelle.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaspohler
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saveria
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kifer
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases