title: Characterization of integrase region polymorphisms in HIV type 1 CRF06_cpx viruses in treatment-naive patients in Estonia.
abstract: Natural polymorphisms of HIV-1, often associated with drug resistance, are widely described in protease and reverse transcriptase regions but data on their presence in the integrase region, especially in non-B subtypes, are still very limited. We aimed to characterize naturally occurring polymorphisms in the integrase region in 104 treatment-naive and 10 treatment-experienced patients infected predominantly with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx and its recombinant with subtype A1 and/or CRF03_AB viruses. No primary drug resistance mutations against integrase inhibitors were found, but resistance-associated polymorphisms such as V72I, L74I, V201I, and T206S were seen in more than 90% of viruses. Substitutions E157Q and E157K, associated with raltegravir resistance, were found in only two CRF06_cpx strains. We conclude that similar to other HIV-1 non-B subtypes, the CRF06_cpx and its recombinants with subtype A1 and CRF03_AB are rich in integrase region natural polymorphisms, which may impact the development of resistance against integrase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. radko.avi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Radko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avi
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huik
authors.forename: Maarja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadam
authors.forename: Tonis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.forename: Tonu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krispin
authors.forename: Külliki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ainsalu
authors.forename: Piret
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paap
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikitina
authors.forename: Irja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lutsar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics*; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D019427:HIV Integrase; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase