title: Helicobacter heilmannii can induce gastric lymphoid follicles in mice via a Peyer's patch-independent pathway.
abstract: Helicobacter heilmannii induces gastric lymphoid follicles in mice. However, the pathogenic mechanisms behind the induction of gastric lymphoid follicles by H. heilmannii infection have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of Peyer's patches (PP) in H. heilmannii-induced immune responses and the development of gastric lymphoid follicles. C57BL/6J and PP deficient mice were infected with H. heilmannii, and in addition to histological and immunohistological examinations, the expression levels of cytokines and chemokines in gastric mucosa were investigated. Gastric lymphoid follicle formation and the infiltration of dendritic cells, B cells, and helper T cells were milder in the PP-deficient mice 1 month after infection, but they were similar in both types of mice after 3 months. The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α and CC chemokine ligand 2 were significantly high in the H. heilmannii-infected groups, and CXC chemokine ligand 13 expression was significantly increased in the infected C57BL/6J wild-type mice 1 month after infection. These results suggest that PP are not essential for the formation and development of gastric lymphoid follicles induced by H. heilmannii infection, although they are involved in the speed of gastric lymphoid follicle formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobutani
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiumi
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishitani
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Yahaya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bensuleiman
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018247:Helicobacter heilmannii / Q000276:immunology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha