title: Delftia sp. JD2: a potential Cr(VI)-reducing agent with plant growth-promoting activity.
abstract: A chromium (Cr)-resistant bacterium isolated from soil containing 6,000 mg/kg of Cr was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Delftia, and designated as JD2. Growth of JD2 was accompanied with reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in liquid medium initially containing 100 mg/L Cr(VI), the maximum concentration allowing growth. JD2 showed NADH/NADPH-dependent reductase activity associated with the soluble fraction of cells. The results suggest that JD2 might be a good candidate for the treatment of highly Cr(VI)-contaminated water and/or industrial effluents. The isolate produced indole-3-acetic acid in the presence and absence of Cr(VI) and showed free-living nitrogen-fixing activity possibly attributable to a V-nitrogenase. JD2 did not counteract the harmful effect of Cr(VI) during leguminous plant growth and nodulation by rhizobial strains but functioned as a "helper" bacterium to enhance the performance of rhizobial inoculant strains during inoculation of alfalfa and clover (used as model plants to study plant growth-promoting activity) in the absence of Cr(VI).
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avda Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, PC, Uruguay.
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: Martha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ubalde
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Braña
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castro-Sowinski
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D042742:Delftia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017262:Siderophores / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D029921:Trifolium / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017262:Siderophores; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C075965:chromium(VI) reductase