title: Tannin oxidation: intra- versus intermolecular reactions.
abstract: Grape and apple condensed tannin fractions were autoxidized at high concentrations (5 g/L) in aqueous solutions and analyzed by thiolysis (depolymerization followed by HPLC analysis) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Structural parameters of native (unoxidized) tannin polymers were derived from SAXS according to the wormlike chain model: the length per monomer is 15 A, the length of the statistical segment 17 A, and the cross section of the macromolecule has a radius within the range 3-4.5 A. The rather short length of the statistical segment is an effect of the different location of interflavanol linkages, which cause a loss of orientational correlation between successive monomers. Oxidation created new bonds that were resistant to thiolysis, and, according to thiolysis, some of these new bonds were intramolecular. However, according to SAXS, oxidation at high tannin concentration caused the weight average degree of polymerization to increase, indicating that intermolecular reactions took place as well, creating larger macromolecules. In the case of the smaller grape seed tannins, these intermolecular reactions took place "end to end" leading to the formation of longer linear macromolecules, at least in the earlier stages of oxidation. In the case of the larger apple tannins, the SAXS patterns were characteristic of larger branched macromolecules. Accordingly, the intermolecular reactions were mainly "end to middle". This is in agreement with the higher probabilities of "end to middle" reactions arising from a higher ratio extension unit/terminal unit in the latter case.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1083 SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France. poncetc@supagro.inra.fr
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poncet-Legrand
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabane
authors.forename: Ana-Belén
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bautista-Ortín
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fulcrand
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vernhet
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012995:Solubility; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D013634:Tannins; D014867:Water