title: Viewing another person's eye movements improves identification of pulmonary nodules in chest x-ray inspection.
abstract: Double reading of chest x-rays is often used to ensure that fewer abnormalities are missed, but very little is known about how the search behavior of others affects observer performance. A series of experiments investigated whether radiographers benefit from knowing where another person looked for pulmonary nodules, and whether the expertise of the model providing the search behavior was a contributing factor. Experiment 1 compared the diagnostic performance of novice and experienced radiographers examining chest x-rays and found that both groups performed better when shown the search behavior of either a novice radiographer or an expert radiologist. Experiment 2 established that benefits in performance only arose when the eye movements shown were related to the search for nodules; however, only the novices' diagnostic performance consistently improved when shown the expert's search behavior. Experiment 3 reexamined the contribution of task, image, and the expertise of the model underlying this benefit. Consistent with Experiment 1, novice radiographers were better at identifying nodules when shown either a naïve's search behavior or an expert radiologist's search behavior, but they demonstrated no improvement when shown a naïve model not searching for nodules. Our results suggest that although the benefits of this form of attentional guidance may be short-lived, novices can scaffold their decisions based on the search behavior of others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. d.litchfield@lancaster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Litchfield
authors.forename: Linden J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods*; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*