A comparison of the metabolism of clopidogrel and prasugrel.
BACKGROUND
The administration of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine for the prevention of thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is proven to reduce mortality. The original thienopyridine, ticlopidine, has largely been displaced by clopidogrel, which has a superior adverse effect profile. Prasugrel is a new thienopyridine that has been purported to have a faster onset of activity, a lower rate of nonresponders and a greater potency than clopidogrel.


METHODS
This review compares the metabolism of clopidogrel and prasugrel by carboxylesterases and the CYP system with emphasis on the formation of their respective active metabolites.


RESULTS
The reader will gain an understanding of the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel and clopidogrel and how the differences in their respective metabolic pathways explain the difference in their therapeutic activity.


CONCLUSIONS
The superior therapeutic profile of prasugrel is explained by the different roles of carboxylesterases in their metabolic pathways. Though prasugrel is superior to clopidogrel as a prodrug of the active P(2)Y(12) inhibitor, caution is advised because limited information is available on genetic polymorphisms or drug interactions affecting carboxylesterase metabolism.
Laizure
S Casey
SC
University of Tennessee, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Suite 319, 910 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. claizure@uthsc.edu
Parker
Robert B
RB
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D011355:Prodrugs; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
D010879:Piperazines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs; D013876:Thiophenes; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin