title: Self-efficacy, depression, and physical distress in males and females with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to examine the relationship between self-efficacy with depression and physical distressing symptoms in males and females with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  a total of 41 males and 49 females with cancer completed the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), depression scale, from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-D), and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  correlations were found between depression and self-efficacy in males (r = -.501, P = .001) and females (r = -.588, P < .0005). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that education and depression could influence self-efficacy in male population. Urogenital versus breast cancer as well as depression seemed to influence females' self-efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  patients who had higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms. Men with depressive symptoms and women with breast cancer and depression are more likely to have low self-efficacy than patients with other cancer types.
authors.affiliation: Pain Relief and Palliative Care Department, Areteion Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. mistakidou@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mystakidou
authors.forename: Efi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parpa
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsilika
authors.forename: Pinelopi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gogou
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Panagiotou
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galanos
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kouvaris
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gouliamos
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology