title: High concentration of childhood deaths in the low-lying areas of Chakaria HDSS, Bangladesh: findings from a spatial analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite significant reduction of childhood mortality in Bangladesh, large spatial variations persist. Identification of lower level spatial units with higher concentrations of deaths can be useful for strengthening services in these areas. This paper reports findings from a spatial analysis of deaths in Chakaria, a rural subdistrict, where a Health and Demographic Surveillance System has been in place since 1999. Chakaria is an INDEPTH member site.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis was done of 339 deaths among nearly 24,500 children under the age of five during 2005-2008. One ward, the lowest level of administrative units, was the unit of spatial analysis. Data from 24 wards were analyzed. The Discrete Poisson Probability Model was used to identify the clustering of deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deaths were concentrated within 12 wards located in the low-lying deltaic flood plains of the Chakaria HDSS area. The risk of death in the low-lying areas was statistically, significantly higher, 1.5 times, than the non-low-lying areas (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spatial analysis can be a useful tool for identifying high-risk mortality areas. An understanding of the risk factors prevalent in the low-lying areas can help design effective interventions to reduce mortality in these areas.
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioural Sciences Unit, Public Health Sciences Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Syed Manzoor Ahmed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hanifi
authors.forename: Muhammad Zahirul
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: Rumesa Rowen
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhuiya