title: Efficacy of chlorhexidine, polihexanide and tissue-tolerable plasma against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on polystyrene and silicone materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The formation of biofilms is crucial in the pathogenesis of many acute and subacute microbial infections, including chronic wounds and foreign-body-related infections. Topical antimicrobial therapy with chemical antiseptics or physical treatment with tissue-tolerable plasma (TTP) may be promising to control bacterial infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the efficacy of 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), 0.02 and 0.04% polihexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) and of TTP against Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG81 biofilm grown in microtitre plates (polystyrene) and on silicone materials in an artificial wound fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, PHMB was as effective as CHX in reducing the total amount of biofilm (gentian violet assay) and in reducing the bacterial metabolism in biofilms (XTT assay). TTP also led to a significant reduction in colony-forming units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antimicrobial activity of PHMB in biofilms is comparable to that of CHX. TTP could become an interesting physical alternative to chemical antisepsis in the future.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. nhuebner @ uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: N-O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matthes
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koban
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rändler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kindel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001645:Biguanides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005840:Gentian Violet; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012828:Silicones
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001645:Biguanides; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012828:Silicones; C031233:polihexanide; D000165:Acridine Orange; D005840:Gentian Violet; D002710:Chlorhexidine