title: Sleep and cognition in older adults with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep problems are common in the normal population and likely to be especially prevalent in persons with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the prevalence of sleep difficulties and their impact on cognitive function in 77 persons (mean age, 62.8 [SD, 12.5] years; 24% female) presenting for perfusion stress scan at an outpatient cardiology center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination as part of a larger project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses showed that approximately 94% of participants met the criteria for "poor" sleep (ie, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score ≥5). Poorer reported sleep was associated with reduced cognitive function as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination after adjusting for age, depression, and cardiovascular fitness (ie, estimated metabolic equivalents; R² change = 0.08, F = 7.17; P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that sleep problems are common in cardiovascular disease and extend previous research by demonstrating they negatively impact cognitive function. Further work is needed to identify other consequences of poor sleep in this population and optimal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Kent State University, Ohio 44242, USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kociuba
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunstad
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Spitznagel
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waechter
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Josephson
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosneck
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology