title: Delays in presentation and treatment of breast cancer in Enugu, Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the delays and define the causes of delay in presentation and treatment of breast cancer patients in Enugu, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of breast cancer patients using a semi structured questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical Oncology unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, (UNTH-E), Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  164 consecutively presenting breast cancer patients seen between June 1999 and May 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the patients (82.3%) reported for initial evaluation at a modern health facility while 17.5% reported first to alternative practitioners. Forty six patients (26.4%) presented within a month of noticing the symptoms while 72 (45.3%) delayed more than 3 months. In contrast, 18 (17%) were seen at the site of definitive treatment within one month of seeking help at the initial hospital while 73.4% had a delay of more than 3 months after the initial hospital contact. Institutional or physician induced delays were present in 46.2% of the cases while patient related delays were present in 79.2% of cases. Only use of alternative practitioners for initial treatment was significantly related to delays of more than three months before presentation (p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For breast cancer prevention programs in Nigeria to succeed, they must in addition to breast awareness and screening programs, address the institutional bottlenecks, the dearth of knowledge among primary care physicians and improve referrals from alternative practitioners and prayer houses.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Oncology Unit, Oncology center University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. ezeome95@gmail.com
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ezeome
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009549:Nigeria; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult