title: An approach to simulate and visualize intraoperative scattered radiation exposure to improve radiation protection training.
abstract: Intraoperative radiography based on mobile image intensifier systems (C-arms) is widely used during the treatment of trauma and emergency patients. These devices produce scattered radiation, potential hazardous for surgeon and operation room personal (ORP). The propagation and intensity of scattered radiation is not intuitive, is not perceivable by human senses and depends on many variables. At courses on radiation protection the knowledge of the behavior of scattered radiation and the modus operandi to minimize the radiation exposure should be taught to ORP and surgeons. Currently this can only be done theoretically using fixed pictures and precalculated videos. This paper presents an approach to interactively simulate and visualize scattered radiation with a computer based training system for mobile image intensifier systems. The simulation depicts radiation propagation and intensity for arbitrary C-arm adjustments and different irradiated materials. This teaching component focuses on improving the current radiation protection training with interactive visual and practical aspects.
authors.affiliation: Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Braunschweig-Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany. markus.wagner@plri.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duwenkamp
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dresing
authors.forename: Oliver Johannes
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Bott
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D011870:Radiologic Health / Q000193:education*; D014584:User-Computer Interface