title: Novel compound from Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan caraway) seeds with antibiofilm and antiadherence activities against Streptococcus mutans: a potential chemotherapeutic agent against dental caries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the active compound from Trachyspermum ammi seeds, exhibiting antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans, a major causal organism of dental caries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Purification of the active compound from the seeds was performed by silica gel chromatography, and spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR and MS) were employed for its identification and structure determination. Antibiofilm and antiadherence activities of the active compound against S. mutans were analysed. Confocal microscopy was performed to visualize the effect of the compound on biofilm structure of S. mutans. Around 50% reduction was observed in adherence at 39·06 μg ml(-1) and in biofilm at 78·13 μg ml(-1) . It was found effective against adherent cells of S. mutans, reduced water-insoluble glucan synthesis and inhibited the reduction in pH. Confocal microscopy revealed scattered cells at sub-MIC concentration of the compound, resulting in distorted biofilm architecture in contrast to clustered cells seen in control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed a novel compound, a naphthalene derivative, isolated first time from T. ammi seeds with antibiofilm activity against S. mutans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trachyspermum ammi represents an interesting source of a novel compound, (4aS, 5R, 8aS) 5, 8a-di-1-propyl-octahydronaphthalen-1-(2H)-one, with a great potential to be used as a therapeutic agent against dental caries.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakir
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khanam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029974:Carum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: C556640:8a-di-1-propyl-octahydronaphthalen-1-(2H)-one; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010936:Plant Extracts