title: Football in inter-war Northern Ireland: Ballymena Football and Athletic Club Limited - religious and political exclusivity or civic inclusivity?
abstract: Historians have almost universally seen association football in the north of Ireland as a divisive influence. The impacts of sectarian and political tensions on the game have been stressed, alongside the extent to which this sport supposedly feeds into existing divisions. Much of the work carried out has concentrated on the last four decades, though even studies outside this period of widespread civil disorder have highlighted these problems. This paper uses the surviving records of the Ballymena Football and Athletic Club, the local press, census returns and other records to consider aspects of one particular Northern Irish club in the 1920s and 1930s. This short consideration of the players, supporters and shareholders suggests that at least in this case football was successful in bringing together and developing cooperation between men of widely differing political and religious views. While the club was a not a financial success, it was a social and sporting one. The evidence available suggests there was little exhibition of sectarian tension at any level.
authors.affiliation: University of Ulster, Coleraine.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laverty
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garnham
mesh_terms: D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D049673:History, 20th Century; D054526:Men's Health / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000208:ethnology; D009938:Organizations / Q000266:history; D011057:Politics; D012067:Religion / Q000266:history; D035621:Secularism / Q000266:history; D012916:Soccer / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D012933:Social Identification; D012940:Social Problems / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology