title: [The effect of prison crowding on prisoners' violence in Japan: testing with cointegration regressions and error correction models].
abstract: This research examined the effect of prison population densities (PPD) on inmate-inmate prison violence rates (PVR) in Japan using one-year-interval time-series data (1972-2006). Cointegration regressions revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between PPD and PVR. PPD had a significant and increasing effect on PVR in the long-term. Error correction models showed that in the short-term, the effect of PPD was significant and positive on PVR, even after controlling for the effects of the proportions of males, age younger than 30 years, less than one-year incarceration, and prisoner/staff ratio. The results were discussed in regard to (a) differences between Japanese prisons and prisons in the United States, and (b) methodological problems found in previous research.
authors.affiliation: Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Shimokume, Kato 673-1494, Japan. yuma@hyogo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003441:Crowding / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*