Antibacterial activity of carbapenems against clinical isolates of respiratory bacterial pathogens in the northeastern region of Japan in 2007.
As the increasing prevalence of resistant strains of respiratory bacterial pathogens has recently been reported, continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents is important. We performed a surveillance study focusing on the susceptibility of major respiratory bacterial pathogens in the northeastern region of Japan to carbapenems and control drugs. A total of 168 bacterial strains isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections in 2007 were collected and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined. MIC data were subjected to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis with Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of achieving the target of time above MIC with each carbapenem. All Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Despite the increasing prevalence of β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant strains, all Haemophilus influenzae isolates were susceptible to meropenem. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the susceptibility rates for meropenem and biapenem were 76.7%, and the highest probability of achieving pharmacodynamic target (40% of the time above MIC) was obtained with meropenem 0.5 g three times daily as a 4-h infusion (89.4%), followed by meropenem 0.5 g four times daily as a 1-h infusion (88.4%). Carbapenems have retained their position as key drugs for severe respiratory tract infections.
Gomi
Kazunori
K
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
Fujimura
Shigeru
S
Fuse
Katsuhiro
K
Takane
Hidenari
H
Nakano
Yoshihisa
Y
Kariya
Yasuko
Y
Kikuchi
Toshiaki
T
Kurokawa
Iku
I
Tokue
Yutaka
Y
Watanabe
Akira
A
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems