title: Assessing psychological well-being in mothers of children with disability: evaluation of the Parenting Morale Index and Family Impact of Childhood Disability scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Process model of stress and coping guided psychometric assessment of two brief measures of psychological well-being: Parenting Morale Index (PMI); Family Impact of Childhood Disability (FICD) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canadian mothers (N=195) of children with disability (CWD) completed PMI, FICD, and validation measures (Brief Family Assessment Measure [FAM], Personal Well-Being Index, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Social Desirability Scale) via computer-assisted telephone interview. Of these, 154 completed additional validation measures (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, Parenting Stress Index, Family Hardiness Index, Brief FAM) 1 year later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor structures of PMI and FICD were supported; both demonstrated internal consistency, temporal stability, and convergent and discriminant validity. After 1 year, PMI and FICD jointly predicted depressive symptoms, parenting stress, family hardiness, and family adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMI and FICD can identify mothers of CWD at risk for poor psychological well-being to increase the specificity of supports.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. benzies@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Benzies
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trute
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reddon
authors.forename: Leslie-Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Keown
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012928:Social Desirability; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*