title: Morphological evaluation of lateral ventricles of fetuses with ventriculomegaly by three-dimensional ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with etiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate morphology of lateral ventricles of ventriculomegaly/hydrocephaly fetuses using 3D-sonography by virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) technique and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and verify morphologic patterns related to etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen fetuses presenting with ventricular enlargement (atria > 10 mm) were evaluated. 3D datasets were acquired from a coronal reference plane and post-processed by the rotational imaging using VOCAL 30°. MRI study was analyzed in the three plans in all sequences. Morphologic aspects such as global shape, anterior, posterior and inferior horn characteristics, wall irregularities and deformities were analyzed and related to etiology factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine percent of the cases were secondary to Arnold-Chiari syndrome and presented with global dilation of the three-horns. Cases related to aqueduct stenosis presented with ependymal rupture and wall irregularities in advanced cases. Corpus callosum agenesis cases presented with small ventricular volumes, thin shape, normal or slightly enlarged anterior and inferior horns with dilation restricted to posterior horn. Cases related to trisomy 18 and cytomegalovirus presented irregular ventricular walls associated with anomalous ventricular shapes, suggesting parenchymal destruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ventricular morphology evaluation gives important information on etiology of ventricular enlargement, supporting prognosis prediction and decision making process of the affected fetuses and their families.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Carlos Weber, 950 apto. 113 Visage, Alto da Lapa, São Paulo, SP CEP 05303-000, Brazil. ninakrajden@gmail.com
authors.forename: Karina Krajden
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Haratz
authors.forename: Luciano Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nardozza
authors.forename: Patrícia Soares
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Liliam Cristine
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rolo
authors.forename: Hérbene José Figuinha
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Enoch Quinderé
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: de Sá Barreto
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araujo Júnior
authors.forename: Sérgio Aron
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ajzen
authors.forename: Antonio Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Moron
mesh_terms: D058540:Aicardi Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000150:complications; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014314:Trisomy; D014463:Ultrasonography