title: Aspergillus galactomannan antigen assay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recently developed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) galactomannan (GM) assay shows promising results. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of this assay and analyzed risk factors for false-positive results.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was performed in a tertiary hospital over a 9-month period. We reviewed all adult patients who underwent GM assays of BAL. Patients were categorized with proven, probable, or possible invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) according to revised EORTC/MSG definitions. Each patient with a false-positive BAL GM result was matched with three patients with true-negative BAL GM result, and the risk factors for false-positive BAL GM results were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 359 enrolled patients, 22 (6%) were diagnosed with IPA (1 proven, 17 probable, and 4 possible). Of the 22 patients with IPA, 17 (77%) had already received antifungal agents before the BAL GM assay was conducted. At an index cutoff value of ≥0.5, the BAL GM assay had a sensitivity of 64% (95% CI 41%-83%) and a specificity of 89% (95% CI 85%-92%). However, at an index cutoff value of ≥0.2, the BAL GM assay had a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI 65%-97%) and a specificity of 74% (95% CI 69%-79%). Of the 52 patients with positive BAL GM assay (≥0.5), 25 (7%) were false-positives. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam or ampicillin-sulbactam was associated with false-positive BAL GM results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BAL GM assay appears promising for the diagnosis of IPA. However, treatment with certain antibiotics may interfere with the results of the BAL GM assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Oh
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Heungsup
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Mi-Na
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang-Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yeon-Mok
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Tae Sun
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Younsuck
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Yang Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Sung-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D055744:Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D008351:Mannans; C012990:galactomannan; D005690:Galactose