title: Regulation of Tbx22 during facial and palatal development.
abstract: Mutations in the gene encoding the T-box transcription factor TBX22 cause X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia in humans. Here we show that Tbx22 expression during facial and palatal development is regulated by FGF and BMP signaling. Our results demonstrate that FGF8 induces Tbx22 in the early face while BMP4 represses and thus restricts its expression. This regulation is conserved between chicken and mouse, although the Tbx22-expression patterns differ considerably between these two species. We suggest that these species-specific differences may result at least in part from differences in the spatiotemporal patterns of BMP activity, but we exclude a direct repression of Tbx22 by the BMP-inducible transcriptional repressor MSX1. Together these findings help to integrate Tbx22 into the molecular network of factors regulating facial development.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology 1, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inthal
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Shuofei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mitsushiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatomi
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neubüser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology*; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010159:Palate / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; C496457:Fgf8 protein, mouse; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C534956:Tbx22 protein, mouse; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8