title: Human periodontal ligament cell response to a newly developed calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular effects of newly developed calcium phosphate-based sealers (CAPSEAL I and II) using cultured human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) compared with epoxy resin sealer (AH26; Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), zinc oxide eugenol [ZOE] sealer (extended working time [EWT]; Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA), and CPC sealer (Sankin apatite sealer; Sankin-kogyo, Tokyo, Japan).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability by -(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay, cell attachment by scanning electron microscopy, osteoblastic differentiation and inflammatory mediators by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and alizarin red staining were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytotoxicities of CAPSEAL I and II were less than those of AH 26 and EWT after 1 and 14 days. Cells on CAPSEAL I and II were spread better as compared with those on other sealers. Mineralization after 14 days and the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphate and osteonectin messenger RNA increased in CAPSEAL I- and II-exposed HPDLCs after 1 and 3 days, whereas the production of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were lower than in other sealers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both CAPSEAL I and II show less cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediators compared with other sealers and have the potential to promote bone regeneration as root canal sealers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Seok-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Sang-Im
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kee-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.forename: Kwang-Shik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D015676:Osteonectin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D014025:Titanium; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001729:Bismuth