title: Laughter yoga versus group exercise program in elderly depressed women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laughter Yoga founded by M. Kataria is a combination of unconditioned laughter and yogic breathing. Its effect on mental and physical aspects of healthy individuals was shown to be beneficial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Kataria's Laughter Yoga and group exercise therapy in decreasing depression and increasing life satisfaction in older adult women of a cultural community of Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy depressed old women who were members of a cultural community of Tehran were chosen by Geriatric depression scale (score>10). After completion of Life Satisfaction Scale pre-test and demographic questionnaire, subjects were randomized into three groups of laughter therapy, exercise therapy, and control. Subsequently, depression post-test and life satisfaction post-test were done for all three groups. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty subjects completed the study. The analysis revealed a significant difference in decrease in depression scores of both Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy group in comparison to control group (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference between Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy groups. The increase in life satisfaction of Laughter Yoga group showed a significant difference in comparison with control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was found between exercise therapy and either control or Laughter Yoga group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that Laughter Yoga is at least as effective as group exercise program in improvement of depression and life satisfaction of elderly depressed women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, School of Psychology & Training Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. Mahvash.shahidi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mahvash
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahidi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojtahed
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modabbernia
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojtahed
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafiabady
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delavar
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D027641:Laughter Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology*