title: Are randomized trials the best way to judge the efficacy of surgical procedures?
authors.affiliation: Christiana Care Health System, Center for Heart and Vascular Health, Christiana Hospital, Newark, DE 19718, USA. tgardner@christianacare.org
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects; D057212:Therapeutic Equipoise; D016896:Treatment Outcome