title: Newborn TSH concentration and its association with cognitive development in healthy boys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An association between thyroid function during pregnancy or infancy and neurodevelopment in children has been demonstrated. We aimed to investigate whether newborn TSH concentrations are related to subsequent neurocognitive development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a longitudinal study on 178 children from a general population birth cohort in Granada (Spain) born in 2000-2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  TSH concentrations were measured in umbilical cord blood, and cognitive functions were assessed at 4 years of age using the McCarthy's scales of children's abilities (MSCA). Organochlorine (OC) compound concentrations and the combined oestrogenicity (total effective xeno-oestrogenic burden (TEXB)) were also determined in the placentae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean newborn TSH was 3.55  mU/l (range=0.24-17 mU/l). In multivariate regression analyses, adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, higher newborn TSH concentrations showed a decrease of 3.51 and 3.15 points on the MSCA general cognitive and executive function scores respectively and were associated with a higher risk of scoring below the 20th percentile (P20) on the quantitative score (odds ratio (OR)=2.64). Children with TSH in the upper quartile (4.19-17.0 mU/l) were at higher risk of scoring <P20 on span memory (OR=5.73), whereas children with TSH in the second quartile (2.05-2.95 mU/l) were at lower risk of scoring <P20 on the verbal scale (OR=0.24). Neonatal TSH status was also associated with general cognitive and executive function outcomes when controlling for prenatal exposure to OCs or placental TEXB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newborn thyroid hormone status expressed by TSH in cord blood may adversely affect later cognitive function. A more thorough screening for neonatal thyroid deficiency is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Avenida Madrid s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. cfreire@ugr.es
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amaya
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Piedad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santiago-Fernández
authors.forename: Maria-Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez-Espinosa
authors.forename: Juan-Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Arrebola
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000633:toxicity; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D013972:Thyrotropin