title: The biological activity of the wine anthocyanins delphinidin and petunidin is mediated through Msn2 and Msn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Polyphenols are considered to be responsible for some of the health benefits derived from the consumption of red wine. These protective effects might probably be explained in the context of the xenohormesis theory that considers plant metabolites as interspecific chemical signals. However, the complexity of the polyphenolic constituents of different wines makes it difficult to clarify the specific contribution of polyphenols to such effects. In the present work, we fractionated the polyphenols of a red wine and evaluated the effect of each polyphenolic fraction on the growth pattern of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed a different contribution of the phenolic fractions to the xenohormetic response of S. cerevisiae, the fractions that were enriched with red pigments being the most protective against oxidative insults. Moreover, we found that red wine phenolic fractions exert their biological activity through the activation of the Yap1 and Msn2 stress-responsive regulators. Above all, the anthocyanins delphinidin 3-glucoside and petunidin 3-glucoside were found to improve significantly the growth rate of S. cerevisiae in an Msn2-, Msn4-dependent manner, indicating that the stress regulators Msn2 and Msn4 participate in the xenohormetic activity of the wine polyphenols delphinidin and petunidin.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lisa-Santamaría
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Marino
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Escribano-Bailón
authors.forename: Julián C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rivas-Gonzalo
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Revuelta
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C081935:MSN2 protein, S cerevisiae; C081937:MSN4 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C017185:delphinidin; C473206:petunidin