title: A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of the anticancer MET inhibitor foretinib free base tablet formulation to bisphosphate salt capsule formulation in patients with solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This phase I, open-label, randomized, 2-part crossover study assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of single doses of the anticancer MET inhibitor foretinib (formerly known as GSK1363089, EXEL-2880 and XL-880) free base tablet formulation compared to a bisphosphate salt capsule formulation (Part 1), and assessed the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of the bisphosphate salt capsule administered 3 times a week in cancer patients (Part 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  In Part 1, patients were randomized in a crossover manner to receive a single oral dose of foretinib formulated as a bisphosphate salt capsule (240 mg; 183 mg free base equivalent) followed one week later by a single dose of a free base tablet (180 mg), or vice versa where the treatment sequence was reversed. In Part 2, patients self-administered oral doses of bisphosphate salt capsules (200 mg) 3 times a week until disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients with solid tumors were enrolled and completed Part 1, and 10 patients continued into Part 2. Most AEs were mild or moderate in severity. The most common drug-related AEs were fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea. The least-squares (LS) mean total area under the curve was 3144 and 3514 ng*h/mL for the free base tablet and bisphosphate salt capsule, respectively, with a ratio of 0.89 (90% confidence interval, CI: 0.69, 1.16). The LS mean maximal concentration (Cmax) was 81.6 and 98.5 ng/mL for the free base and bisphosphate salt, respectively, with a ratio of 0.83 (90% confidence interval, CI: 0.67, 1.02). The time to reach Cmax was ∼4 h for both formulations. The pharmacokinetics of foretinib were not clinically different between the 2 formulations. Of the 10 patients assessed for efficacy, 3 patients achieved stable disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foretinib was well tolerated as single doses of both the free base and bisphosphate salt formulations. The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the 2 formulations were not clinically different. The bisphosphate salt formulation was well tolerated on a 3-times a week dosing schedule, and reached steady-state plasma concentration after 2 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Unit 455, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA. anaing@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Aung
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.forename: Razelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurzrock
authors.forename: Laurel M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kleha
authors.forename: Kevin H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Laubscher
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bonate
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: LoRusso
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013607:Tablets; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000813:Anilides; D002214:Capsules; D011756:Diphosphates; C544831:GSK 1363089; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; D013607:Tablets; C491743:MET protein, human; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met