Multilocus sequence analysis reveals the genetic diversity of European fruit tree phytoplasmas and supports the existence of inter-species recombination.
The genetic diversity of three temperate fruit tree phytoplasmas 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum', 'Ca. P. mali' and 'Ca. P. pyri' has been established by multilocus sequence analysis. Among the four genetic loci used, the genes imp and aceF distinguished 30 and 24 genotypes, respectively, and showed the highest variability. Percentage of substitution for imp ranged from 50 to 68 % according to species. Percentage of substitution varied between 9 and 12 % for aceF, whereas it was between 5 and 6 % for pnp and secY. In the case of 'Ca P. prunorum' the three most prevalent aceF genotypes were detected in both plants and insect vectors, confirming that the prevalent isolates are propagated by insects. The four isolates known to be hypo-virulent had the same aceF sequence, indicating a possible monophyletic origin. Haplotype network reconstructed by eBURST revealed that among the 34 haplotypes of 'Ca. P. prunorum', the four hypo-virulent isolates also grouped together in the same clade. Genotyping of some Spanish and Azerbaijanese 'Ca. P. pyri' isolates showed that they shared some alleles with 'Ca. P. prunorum', supporting for the first time to our knowledge, the existence of inter-species recombination between these two species.
Danet
Jean Luc
JL
UMR Génomique Diversité Pouvoir Pathogène, INRA, Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, BP81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
Balakishiyeva
Gulnara
G
Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Patamdar shosse 40, AZ-1073, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Cimerman
Agnès
A
UMR Génomique Diversité Pouvoir Pathogène, INRA, Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, BP81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
Sauvion
Nicolas
N
UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, CIRAD, INRA, SUPAGRO, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-54/K, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Marie-Jeanne
Véronique
V
UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, CIRAD, INRA, SUPAGRO, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-54/K, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Labonne
Gérard
G
UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, CIRAD, INRA, SUPAGRO, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-54/K, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Laviňa
Amparo
A
Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Ctra Cabrils Km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain.
Batlle
Assumpcio
A
Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Ctra Cabrils Km 2, E-08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain.
Križanac
Ivana
I
Institute for Plant Protection, Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Škorić
Dijana
D
Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Ermacora
Paolo
P
Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Delle Scienze 208, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
Serçe
Çigdem Ulubaş
ÇU
Department of Plant Protection, Mustafa Kemal University, TK-31034 Antakya-Hatay, Turkey.
Çağlayan
Kadriye
K
Department of Plant Protection, Mustafa Kemal University, TK-31034 Antakya-Hatay, Turkey.
Jarausch
Wolfgang
W
AlPlanta - Institute for Plant Research, RLP AgroScience GmbH, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany.
Foissac
Xavier
X
UMR Génomique Diversité Pouvoir Pathogène, INRA, Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, BP81, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
D000818:Animals; D016386:Chromosome Walking / Q000379:methods; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015723:Gene Library; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D007313:Insecta / Q000382:microbiology; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D045582:Phytoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology
D004269:DNA, Bacterial