title: Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda): differential in vivo cytokine responses in high and low compatible hosts.
abstract: In order to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal trematodes, we have analyzed the in vivo cytokine responses at several levels and the local responses against Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) in two host species displaying different compatibility with the parasite. The response of the high compatible host (mice) is characterized by a mixed Th1/Th2 phenotype in the spleen, Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. At the intestine, a marked Th1 response with a marked increase of IFN-γ together with elevated number of mucosal neutrophils and expression of induced nitric oxide synthase were observed. The responses in the host of low compatibility (rats) with the parasite at the spleen, Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph node did not show clear differences with regard to the mice. However, the response in the intestine was markedly different. In rats, a Th2 response with increase in the levels of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 expression was detected. According to these results, the local production of IFN-γ and the local inflammatory responses with neutrophilic infiltration are associated with the development of chronic infections, whereas the worm expulsion is related with the development of Th2 responses and appears to be based on effects on non-bone narrow-derived cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trelis
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotillo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monteagudo
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcilla
authors.forename: J Guillermo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toledo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004449:Echinostoma / Q000276:immunology*; D004451:Echinostomiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018510:RNA, Helminth / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013045:Species Specificity; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018510:RNA, Helminth; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II