title: Cross-modal plasticity and speech perception in pre- and postlingually deaf cochlear implant users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A great amount of variability is observed in speech perception outcomes with cochlear implants. The mechanisms behind the observed variability need to be elucidated. One possible mechanism contributing to the observed variability is the development of cross-modal plasticity. This study examines the association between visual/auditory cross-modal plasticity and speech perception with a cochlear implant in individuals with pre- and postlingual onset of severe to profound hearing loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  The N1 visual evoked potential (VEP) in response to peripheral visual motion stimuli was recorded in individuals with pre- (N = 10) and postlingual (N = 12) onset of severe to profound hearing loss who use a cochlear implant. The association between the amplitude of the N1 VEP response over the right temporal lobe and sentence and word perception scores obtained with the cochlear implant was examined through linear regression analyses. In addition, the association between the duration of auditory deprivation and the amplitude of the N1 VEP response was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the amplitude of the N1 VEP recorded over the right temporal lobe increased, speech perception scores in individuals with prelingual onset of severe to profound hearing loss decreased. However, a clear association between the amplitude of the N1 VEP over the right temporal lobe and speech perception scores was not observed for individuals with postlingual onset of severe to profound hearing loss. Neither group demonstrated an association between the amplitude of the VEP over the right temporal lobe and the duration of auditory deprivation before cochlear implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that cross-modal plasticity accounts for a significant amount of the variability observed in speech perception performance with a cochlear implant in individuals with prelingual onset of severe to profound hearing loss but not in individuals who acquire severe to profound hearing loss later in life. Furthermore, the results suggest that the influence of cross-modal plasticity on speech perception ability is more greatly influenced by when (pre- or postlingually) a person acquires a severe to profound hearing impairment rather than the duration of auditory deprivation before receipt of a cochlear implant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. kb78@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Kristi A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tobey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult