Acute extrapyramidal dysfunction in two HIV-infected children.
Involvement of the basal ganglia is well documented in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, often with calcification. High concentrations of HIV protein have been detected in affected basal ganglia, although extrapyramidal dysfunction, in contrast to adults, is infrequently encountered in HIV-infected children. We describe the clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging appearance and outcome of two HIV-infected children who presented with acute debilitating extrapyramidal dysfunction. The cases highlight the importance of immune competence, co-existence of opportunistic infections, HIV testing of all children of HIV-infected mothers and magnetic resonance imaging when assessing the severity and anticipating outcomes of movement disorders in HIV-infected children.
Solomons
Regan
R
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. regan@sun.ac.za
Slogrove
Amy
A
Schoeman
Johan
J
Marais
Ben
B
van Zyl
Gert
G
Maritz
Jean
J
van Toorn
Ronald
R
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male