Neurocysticercosis: risk and primary prevention strategies update.
Neurocysticercosis results from the infestation of the central nervous system with invading tapeworm larvae. Though uncommon in the US prior to 1965, new cases are currently being diagnosed at an unprecedented rate. Drawing on environmental health, intervention and risk data retrieved from standard/alternative databases and in-country sources, we present an update and summary of modifiable risk factors and field-tested primary prevention measures. While points of intervention, subpopulations at risk and overall magnitude of the problem are addressed, particular attention is paid to defining risk reduction measures that can be adopted by individuals and high risk groups in the near-term to interrupt or eliminate pathways of exposure leading to disease transmission. Though global eradication is not attainable in the near future, effective preventative measures exist and should be taken now by international travellers and workers, US/foreign government agencies, and individuals living in endemic regions to reduce human suffering.
Enander
Richard T
RT
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. richard.enander@dem.ri.gov
Ramirez Amaya
Antonio
A
Enander
Richard A
RA
Gute
David M
DM
D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013552:Swine / Q000469:parasitology; D041201:Taenia solium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D014195:Travel; D014481:United States