title: Energy dense oleic acid rich formula to newly admitted geriatric patients--feasibility and effects on energy intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Old patients seldom reach their energy requirements. The effects of an oleic acid rich formula on energy intake and appetite were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recently admitted geriatric patients (n = 71), likely to stay >1 week were randomised to receive 30 ml of a fat emulsion (Calogen(®)) 3 times daily, i.e., 420 kcal, at the regular medication rounds (intervention group (IG)) or to standard care (control group (CG)). Food intake and self-rated appetite were registered at baseline, i.e., 2-3 days after admission and on day 8 or the day prior to discharge. Nutritional risk screening (NRS) 2002, serum lipids and fatty acid profiles were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one subjects fulfilled the study, i.e., 24 in the IG (83 ± 7 y) and 27 controls (85 ± 7 y). NRS showed that two thirds were at risk of malnutrition. Per-protocol analyses indicated that the daily energy intake was around 50% higher in IG compared to CG at the two measurements, respectively (p < 0.0001). The IG displayed a significantly improved appetite compared with the CG (P = 0.021). Serum lipids and fatty acid profile changed favourably by the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An energy dense oleic acid rich liquid supplement given three times daily at medication rounds to geriatric patients may result in increased energy intake and better appetite with positive effects on serum lipids. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01042340.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Clinical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. gerd.faxen.irving@ki.se
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faxén-Irving
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating; D058620:Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005853:Geriatrics; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D059039:Standard of Care
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D019301:Oleic Acid