title: Pancreatic stellate cell models for transcriptional studies of desmoplasia-associated genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic stellate cells are emerging as key players in pathophysiopathological processes underlying the development of pancreatic disease, including pancreatitis and cancer. The cells are scarce in the pancreas making their isolation time and resource use consuming.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therefore, with the ultimate goal of facilitating mechanistic studies, here we report the isolation, characterization, and immortalization of stellate cell lines from rat and mouse origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These cell lines display morphological and molecular markers as well as non-tumorigenic characteristics similar to the frequently used hepatic counterparts. In addition, we have tested their robustness as a model for transcriptional regulatory studies. We find that these cells respond well to TGFβ signaling by triggering a distinct cascade of gene expression, some genes overlap with the TGFβ response of LX2 cells. These cells express several key chromatin proteins and epigenetic regulators involved in the regulation of gene expression, including co-repressors such as Sin3A (short-term repression), HP1 (long-term repression), as well as CBP/p300 (activation). Furthermore, these cells are well suited for Gal4-based transcriptional activation and repression assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cell model reported here may therefore help fuel investigations in the field of signaling, transcription, and perhaps other studies on similarly exciting cellular processes. and IAP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathison
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebl
authors.forename: Jinai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: Debabrata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lomberk
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urrutia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058954:Pancreatic Stellate Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection