title: Antibiotic resistance patterns and sequencing of class I integron from uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence and molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in UPEC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR was used to detect the presence of the Class I integron variable region (VR). The VR amplicons were then characterized by partial sequencing and restriction digestion with AluI. VR negative isolates showed more antibiotic susceptibility than VR positive isolates. 30% of the isolates were positive for the VR and carried the genes dfrA7, dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA12-orf5-aadA2 and bla(OXA-30)-aadA1. Five restriction patterns were detected and isolates with the same VR amplicon size had the same restriction pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that Class I integrons are widely disseminated in Lebanon and showed their importance for the occurrence and transmission of multidrug resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings will facilitate greater understanding of the factors that contribute to the presence and transfer of integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes in UPEC.
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Proteomics Research Lab, Department of Biology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: El-Najjar
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hashwa
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tokajian
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C024669:endodeoxyribonuclease AluI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific