title: Deep brain stimulation therapy for treatment-refractory Tourette's syndrome: A review.
abstract: Tourette's syndrome is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder that can demonstrate refractoriness to conservative treatments, or to invasive nonsurgical treatments such as botulinum toxin infiltration, or to psychobehavioral treatments. In these cases, the surgical option is often proposed, either with lesional interventions, or more recently with deep brain stimulation (DBS). This latter modality is currently preferred because of its reversibility and modularity. Some relevant issues, however, still persist in terms of appropriate indication to treatment, selection of target, and follow-up evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi, Via Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy. dr.sassi@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Servello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000503:physiopathology; D020646:Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000503:physiopathology; D012919:Social Behavior; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*