title: Refeeding syndrome as an iatrogenic cause of delirium: a retrospective pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Refeeding syndrome describes a pattern of electrolyte disturbances occurring after the reintroduction of nutrition to the malnourished patient; it is often associated with delirium.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated whether hospitalized elderly patients who develop delirium are more likely to have laboratory findings consistent with refeeding syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 100 patients over age 60. Charts were examined for indications of delirium and refeeding syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower serum levels of magnesium and phosphate were found in patients with delirium. Delirium was not associated with any significant difference in levels of potassium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports an association between delirium in elderly patients and electrolyte changes consistent with those seen in refeeding syndrome.
authors.affiliation: St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055677:Refeeding Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D008274:Magnesium