title: Detection of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of selected bacterial species in intraoral sites of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were collected from the tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, supragingival and subgingival plaque and saliva of 30 patients with untreated CP. Multiplex PCR was used to determine prevalence rates, which were then compared using a chi-square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Mean and standard deviation values were used to evaluate variations in prevalence according to site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of S. mutans was 70% in saliva; 60% in samples collected from the tongue dorsum; 50% in samples collected from the buccal mucosa; 56.5% in the supragingival plaque; and 53.5% in the subgingival plaque. The prevalence of E. faecalis ranged from 3.5% to 13.5% in all intraoral microenvironment. The highest prevalence of P. gingivalis was found in subgingival plaque (53.5%), and of P. intermedia in supragingival plaque (33.5%), subgingival plaque (30%) and tongue dorsum (33.5%). The prevalence of bacteria did not vary significantly among the intraoral sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All studied bacteria were identified in intraoral sites. S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia had high prevalence rates, but the prevalence of E. faecalis was low. Multiplex PCR proved to be an adequate method for epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Estrela
authors.forename: Fabiana Cristina
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: Ana Helena Gonçalves de
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.forename: Luis Fernando Naldi
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001438:Bacteroidaceae / Q000145:classification*; D002610:Cheek / Q000382:microbiology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D056546:Lactobacillales / Q000145:classification*; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology