title: Leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome plus depressive symptoms in the FIN-D2D survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and simultaneous presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depressive symptoms (DS) based on a population-based FIN-D2D cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  4500 randomly selected Finnish men and women aged 45-74 years were initially enrolled; 2868 (64%) attended a health examination. Participants with complete information (n=2778) were grouped into three LTPA categories: low, moderate and high. MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria and DS on the Beck Depression Inventory (≥10 points).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MetS and DS were 53% and 15%, respectively; the prevalence of simultaneous MetS and DS was 10%. The proportion of subjects with MetS, DS and simultaneous presence of MetS and DS increased with decreasing LTPA (p<0.001). On multivariate ordered analysis, LTPA was related to education years, household income, smoking, and the presence of MetS only, DS only and simultaneous MetS and DS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of simultaneous MetS and DS was higher in participants with low LTPA compared with participants with high LTPA. Furthermore, LTPA level was associated with socioeconomic status and other health related outcomes, outlining the importance of LTPA as part of the general health promotion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. katariina.korniloff@jyu.fi
authors.forename: Katariina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Korniloff
authors.forename: Korniloff
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katariina
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Häkkinen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arja
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: Kautiainen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hannu
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koponen
authors.forename: Koponen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hannu
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Peltonen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Markku
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäntyselkä
authors.forename: Mäntyselkä
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pekka
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: Oksa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heikki
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.forename: Kampman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olli
authors.forename: Mauno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhala
authors.forename: Vanhala
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mauno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors