title: Accuracy and reproducibility of the TonoVet rebound tonometer in birds of prey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by the TonoVet rebound tonometer. Animals studied  Freshly enucleated healthy eyes of 44 free-ranging birds of prey out of the species Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Strix aluco, Asio otus and Tyto alba euthanized because of unrelated health problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  IOP readings from the TonoVet were compared with a manometric device, with IOP being set from 5 to 100 mmHg in steps of 5 mmHg by adjusting the height of a NaCl solution reservoir connected to the eye. Reproducibility of the TonoVet readings was determined by repeated measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TonoVet and manometer values showed a strong linear correlation. In the Accipitridae, the TonoVet tended to increasingly overestimate IOP with increasing pressure, while in the other families, it increasingly underestimated it. In the Sparrowhawk, the values almost represent the ideal line. Reproducibility of TonoVet values decreases with increasing pressure in the clinically important range from 5 to 60 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IOP values measured with the TonoVet demonstrated species specific deviation from the manometric measurements. These differences should be considered when interpreting IOP values. Using the regression formulae presented, corrected IOP values could be calculated in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: Johanna Corinna
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eule
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D020304:Raptors / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*