title: Candidate genes associated with bud dormancy release in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The detrimental effects of mild winter temperatures on the consistency of cropping of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) in parts of Europe have led to increasing interest in the genetic control of dormancy release in this species. This study examined patterns of gene expression in leaf buds of blackcurrant to identify key differential changes in these profiles around the time of budbreak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using leaf bud tissue of blackcurrant, a cDNA library was generated as a source of blackcurrant ESTs for construction of a custom microarray, which was used to identify differential gene expression during dormancy release. Gene activity was lowest in early stages of dormancy, increasing to reach a maximum around the time of budbreak. Genes with significantly changing expression profiles were clustered and evidence is provided for the transient activity of genes previously associated with dormancy processes in other species. Expression profiling identified candidate genes which were mapped onto a blackcurrant genetic linkage map containing budbreak-related QTL. Three genes, which putatively encode calmodulin-binding protein, beta tubulin and acetyl CoA carboxylase respectively, were found to co-localise with budbreak QTL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides insight into the genetic control of dormancy transition in blackcurrant, identifying key changes in gene expression around budbreak. Genetic mapping of ESTs enabled the identification of genes which co-localise with previously-characterised blackcurrant QTL, and it is concluded that these genes have probable roles in release of dormancy and can therefore provide a basis for the development of genetic markers for future breeding deployment.
authors.affiliation: Programme of Genetics, SCRI, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK. pete.hedley@scri.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: Joanne R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Linzi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Jenny A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cardle
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015723:Gene Library; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D031965:Ribes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant