title: A cost benefit analysis of elimination of kala-azar in Indian subcontinent: an example of Nepal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visceral leishmaniasis, locally known as kala-azar (KA) has been considered as a major public health problem in Bangladesh, India and Nepal that affects 100,000 people per year with 147 million people at risk. Elimination of infectious disease is an ultimate goal of the public health system, therefore, the efforts have recently gained momentum from various organizations and governments to expand KA interventions in the endemic countries. The paper aims to estimate discounted net benefits and internal rate of return (IRR) to evaluate the economic feasibility for elimination of KA by utilizing available secondary information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data were collected from different sources to estimate societal costs of and benefits from KA interventions with a 13-year project period. Total costs are estimated based on the unit cost of inputs used for interventions. The benefits are derived from productivity change and resources saved due to reduction of KA incidence. Net benefits and IRRs are estimated based on standard procedures used in the field of economics, subsequently the sensitivity analysis is conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total discounted net benefit of KA intervention is Nepalese Rupees (NRs) 65,287 million with 35% IRR. The result suggests that for every rupee invested in KA intervention at present will yield NRs 71 in future. The regional benefits from the interventions will be greater than the sum of benefits gained by the individual country due to its nature of public goods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elimination of KA is a good investment opportunity for the Government and international partners involved in the health sector.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Economics, Centre for Health Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. sssadhikari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Shiva Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: Siripen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Supakankunti
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology