title: Toxicity and residual efficacy of chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, and emamectin benzoate to obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: Studies were conducted to determine the residual toxicity of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and emamectin benzoate to obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Larvae were exposed to apple (Malus spp.) foliage collected at different intervals after an airblast sprayer application at the manufacturer-recommended field rate and half the field rate. A mortality of 100% was recorded at field rate applications of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and emamectin benzoate through 59, 38, and 10 d after treatment (DAT), respectively. Significantly less foliage was consumed by C. rosaceana larvae surviving in the emamectin, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram treatments compared with those exposed to untreated foliage. Third-instar C. rosaceana exposed to fresh residues on terminal foliage showed 100% mortality after 5-d exposure to spinetoram residues and after 10-d exposure to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate. The effects of larval movement from foliage with fresh residues was examined by transferring neonate larvae from foliage treated with spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, or emamectin benzoate to untreated foliage after various exposure intervals. An exposure of 1, 3, and 6 d was required for spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and emamectin benzoate to cause 100% mortality at the field rate, respectively. The higher the concentration of chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate, the less exposure time was necessary to cause high levels of mortality in C. rosaceana neonates. Our results indicate that these novel insecticides are highly toxic to C. rosaceana larvae. Implications of these results for C. rosaceana management programs are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA. ashfaqsial@wsu.edu
authors.forename: Ashfaq A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sial
authors.forename: Jay F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027845:Malus; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D013997:Time Factors; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C517733:chlorantranilipole; D007559:Ivermectin; C443359:emamectin; C548262:spinetoram