Near infrared luminescent oxygen nanosensors with nanoparticle matrix tailored sensitivity.
The development of sensors for noninvasive determination of oxygen levels in live cells and tissues is critical for the understanding of cellular functions, as well as for monitoring the status of disease, such as cancer, and for predicting the efficacy of therapy. We describe such nontoxic, targeted, and ratiometric 30 nm oxygen nanosensors made of polyacrylamide hydrogel, near-infrared (NIR) luminescent dyes, and surface-conjugated tumor-specific peptides. They enabled noninvasive real-time monitoring of oxygen levels in live cancer cells under normal and hypoxic conditions. The required sensitivity, brightness, selectivity, and stability were achieved by tailoring the interaction between the nanomatrix and indicator dyes. The developed nanosensors may become useful for in vivo oxygen measurements.
Lee
Yong-Eun Koo
YE
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Ulbrich
Elyse E
EE
Kim
Gwangseong
G
Hah
Hoejin
H
Strollo
Christen
C
Fan
Wenzhe
W
Gurjar
Rajan
R
Koo
SangMan
S
Kopelman
Raoul
R
D002138:Calibration; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010100:Oxygen