title: Adherence to guidelines in bleeding oesophageal varices and effects on outcome: comparison between a specialized unit and a community hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Randomized controlled trials have shown beneficial effects of vasoactive drugs, endoscopic treatment and prophylactic antibiotics on the outcome of bleeding oesophageal varices (BOV). However, translating guidelines based on randomized controlled trials into clinical practice is difficult. Our aims were to compare adherence to evidence-based guidelines in BOV between a specialized unit and a community hospital, and to investigate whether differences in adherence affected the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts hospitalized during 2000-2007 with a first episode of BOV were retrospectively enrolled, one in a community hospital comprising 66 patients and one in a specialized unit comprising 111 patients. Data on treatment, rebleeding and mortality were collected from medical records according to the Baveno III/IV Criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatments in the specialized unit versus the community hospital were: vasoactive drugs 79 vs. 66% (P = 0.06), prophylactic antibiotics 55 vs. 27% (P < 0.01), endoscopic treatment 86 vs. 74% (P= 0.04) and Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was used in 5 vs. 21% (P < 0.01). Secondary prophylaxis with pharmacological, endoscopic or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt therapy was initiated in 91 vs. 74% (P < 0.01) (specialized vs. community). Six-week mortality was 17 vs. 24% (P = 0.25) with 5-day mortality of 6 vs. 3% (P = 0.34) and mortality day 6-42, 12 vs. 22% (P = 0.07) (specialized vs. community). Failure to control bleeding and failure to prevent rebleeding were not statistically different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that patients with BOV are more likely to receive therapy according to guidelines when hospitalized in a specialized unit compared with a community hospital. This however did not affect mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark. lise@hobolth.dk
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hobolth
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krag
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malchow-Møller
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gancho
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies