title: Free-standing graphene by scanning transmission electron microscopy.
abstract: Free-standing graphene sheets have been imaged by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). We show that the discrete numbers of graphene layers enable an accurate calibration of STEM intensity to be performed over an extended thickness and with single atomic layer sensitivity. We have applied this calibration to carbon nanoparticles with complex structures. This leads to the direct and accurate measurement of the electron mean free path. Here, we demonstrate potentials using graphene sheets as a novel mass standard in STEM-based mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Z W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Wang