title: Vertical mastopexy and lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap with pectoralis muscle sling for autologous tissue breast augmentation in the bariatric patient.
abstract: Breast contouring surgery after massive weight loss is challenging because of unfavorable features such as inelastic skin, volume depletion, loss of upper pole fullness, and significant ptosis. An approach is presented for autoaugmentation using a lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap secured with a pectoralis muscle sling, along with mastopexy based on vertical scar principles. In a total of 8 patients (average age: 39.3 years, range: 29-57; average body mass index: 30.8 kg/m2, range: 25.7-39.1) with breast ptosis and volume depletion after a mean weight loss of 121.9 pounds (range: 80-210), LICAP flap (n = 16) was used with turnover flap design to increase breast volume under a pectoralis muscle sling. Vertical design mastopexy (n = 16) was achieved at the same time, resulting in an L-shaped final scar. All the patients were followed for at least 1 year after the surgery. Patient satisfaction was high at long-term follow-up (average: 16.8 months, range: 12-24), with stable and pleasing breast shape and a mean patient ranking for aesthetic outcome of 4.2 (of 5). None of the patients developed any flap necrosis or fat necrosis. An alternative approach is described for the combined treatment of breast ptosis and volume loss in the bariatric patient, with promising long-term results. The muscle sling seems to help prevent tissue descent, without evidence of pseudoptosis at long term. It is shown that vertical scar techniques can be successfully used even in bariatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. akyurekm@ummhc.org
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akyurek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D015431:Weight Loss