title: Dopamine transporter-dependent and -independent striatal binding of the benztropine analog JHW 007, a cocaine antagonist with low abuse liability.
abstract: The benztropine analog N-(n-butyl)-3α-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane (JHW 007) displays high affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT), but unlike typical DAT ligands, has relatively low abuse liability and blocks the effects of cocaine, including its self-administration. To determine sites responsible for the cocaine antagonist effects of JHW 007, its in vitro binding was compared with that of methyl (1R,2S,3S,5S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate (WIN 35428) in rats, mice, and human DAT (hDAT)-transfected cells. A one-site model, with K(d) values of 4.21 (rat) and 8.99 nM (mouse) best fit the [(3)H]WIN 35428 data. [(3)H]JHW 007 binding best fit a two-site model (rat, 7.40/4400 nM; mouse, 8.18/2750 nM), although a one-site fit was observed with hDAT membranes (43.7 nM). Drugs selective for the norepinephrine and serotonin transporters had relatively low affinity in competition with [(3)H]JHW 007 binding, as did drugs selective for other sites identified previously as potential JHW 007 binding sites. The association of [(3)H]WIN 35428 best fit a one-phase model, whereas the association of [(3)H]JHW 007 best fit a two-phase model in all tissues. Because cocaine antagonist effects of JHW 007 have been observed previously soon after injection, its rapid association observed here may contribute to those effects. Multiple [(3)H]JHW 007 binding sites were obtained in tissue from mice lacking the DAT, suggesting these as yet unidentified sites as potential contributors to the cocaine antagonist effects of JHW 007. Unlike WIN 35428, the binding of JHW 007 was Na(+)-independent. This feature of JHW 007 has been linked to the conformational status of the DAT, which in turn may contribute to the antagonism of cocaine.
authors.affiliation: Psychobiology Section, Medications Discovery Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kopajtic
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Surratt
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001590:Benztropine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014311:Triprolidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D001590:Benztropine; D003042:Cocaine; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D010879:Piperazines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D012964:Sodium; D014311:Triprolidine; C504726:N-(n-butyl)-(bis-fluorophenyl)methoxytropane; C021279:(1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester; C043425:vanoxerine