title: Multiple metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma patients may display heterogeneous genomic and epigenomic patterns.
abstract: Disseminated melanoma is an aggressive disease with fatal outcome. Better understanding of the underlying biology is needed to find effective treatment. We applied microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, gene expression and CpG island methylation analysis of primary tumors and multiple metastases from five melanoma patients with the aim of analyzing the molecular patterns of melanoma progression. Epigenetic profiling showed that the multiple metastases after a single primary melanoma share similar methylation patterns for many genes, although differences in methylation between the lesions were evident for several genes, example, PTEN, TFAP2C, and RARB. In addition, DNA copy number and global gene expression profiles of tumors from individual patients were highly similar, confirming common origin of metastases. Some of the identified genomic aberrations, for example, gain of chromosome 6p and loss of chromosomes 6q and 10, persisted during progression, indicating early changes highly important for melanoma development. Homozygous deletions at 3p26.1 and 6q23.2-q23.3 appeared in two consecutive metastases originating from the same primary tumor, respectively, in a mutually exclusive manner that provides evidence for two genetically different subclones. However, in another case, the similarity of the copy number aberrations in subsequent metastatic lesions suggests sequential metastatic development through the clonal evolution. These data are further corroborated by a switch in CDH1 and CDH2 expression between metastases from the same patient. In conclusion, our results provide evidence for different models of metastatic progression in melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Lund Strategic Research Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harbst
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staaf
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Måsbäck
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ingvar
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vallon-Christersson
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ringnér
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jönsson
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D015894:Genome, Human; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*