Pyruvate: immunonutritional effects on neutrophil intracellular amino or alpha-keto acid profiles and reactive oxygen species production.
For the first time the immunonutritional role of pyruvate on neutrophils (PMN), free α-keto and amino acid profiles, important reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced [superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))] as well as released myeloperoxidase (MPO) acitivity has been investigated. Exogenous pyruvate significantly increased PMN pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, citrulline, alanine, glycine and serine in a dose as well as duration of exposure dependent manner. Moreover, increases in O(2) (-) formation, H(2)O(2)-generation and MPO acitivity in parallel with intracellular pyruvate changes have also been detected. Regarding the interesting findings presented here we believe, that pyruvate fulfils considerably the criteria for a potent immunonutritional molecule in the regulation of the PMN dynamic α-keto and amino acid pools. Moreover it also plays an important role in parallel modulation of the granulocyte-dependent innate immune regulation. Although further research is necessary to clarify pyruvate's sole therapeutical role in critically ill patients' immunonutrition, the first scientific successes seem to be very promising.
Mathioudakis
D
D
Clinics of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Engel
J
J
Welters
I D
ID
Dehne
M G
MG
Matejec
R
R
Harbach
H
H
Henrich
M
M
Schwandner
T
T
Fuchs
M
M
Weismüller
K
K
Scheffer
G J
GJ
Mühling
Jörg
J
D000328:Adult; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009195:Peroxidase