A continuous dual-process model of remember/know judgments.
The dual-process theory of recognition memory holds that recognition decisions can be based on recollection or familiarity, and the remember/know procedure is widely used to investigate those 2 processes. Dual-process theory in general and the remember/know procedure in particular have been challenged by an alternative strength-based interpretation based on signal-detection theory, which holds that remember judgments simply reflect stronger memories than do know judgments. Although supported by a considerable body of research, the signal-detection account is difficult to reconcile with G. Mandler's (1980) classic "butcher-on-the-bus" phenomenon (i.e., strong, familiarity-based recognition). In this article, a new signal-detection model is proposed that does not deny either the validity of dual-process theory or the possibility that remember/know judgments can-when used in the right way-help to distinguish between memories that are largely recollection based from those that are largely familiarity based. It does, however, agree with all prior signal-detection-based critiques of the remember/know procedure, which hold that, as it is ordinarily used, the procedure mainly distinguishes strong memories from weak memories (not recollection from familiarity).
Wixted
John T
JT
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. jwixted@ucsd.edu
Mickes
Laura
L
D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008568:Memory; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological