title: Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase modulation of trophoblast cell differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The trophoblast lineage arises as the first differentiation event during embryogenesis. Trophoblast giant cells are one of several end-stage products of trophoblast cell differentiation in rodents. These cells are located at the maternal-fetal interface and are capable of invasive and endocrine functions, which are necessary for successful pregnancy. Rcho-1 trophoblast stem cells can be effectively used as a model for investigating trophoblast cell differentiation. In this report, we evaluated the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in the regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation. Transcript profiles from trophoblast stem cells, differentiated trophoblast cells, and differentiated trophoblast cells following disruption of PI3K signaling were generated and characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prominent changes in gene expression accompanied the differentiation of trophoblast stem cells. PI3K modulated the expression of a subset of trophoblast cell differentiation-dependent genes. Among the PI3K-responsive genes were those encoding proteins contributing to the invasive and endocrine phenotypes of trophoblast giant cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genes have been identified with differential expression patterns associated with trophoblast stem cells and trophoblast cell differentiation; a subset of these genes are regulated by PI3K signaling, including those impacting the differentiated trophoblast giant cell phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, The Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases