HIV and bone loss.
The use of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS. However, no current therapy can suppress the virus completely, and as the HIV-infected population continues to live longer new complications are emerging from the persistence of the virus and use of antiretroviral therapy. This review summarizes the clinical evidence linking HIV-associated osteoporosis to direct infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. The purported molecular mechanisms involved in bone loss are also reviewed. Additionally, recommendations regarding the pharmacologic management of HIV/ART-related osteoporosis are given.
Arora
Shitij
S
Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Agrawal
Manasi
M
Sun
Li
L
Duffoo
Frantz
F
Zaidi
Mone
M
Iqbal
Jameel
J
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D053245:RANK Ligand; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human