title: Investigation of the effects of prostaglandin E₂ on equine superficial digital flexor tendon fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) treatment on the metabolism of equine tendon fibroblasts in vitro to aid in investigating the response of tendon fibroblasts to injury and novel therapeutics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Superficial digital flexor tendon fibroblasts isolated via collagenase digestion from six young adult horses were grown in monolayer in four concentrations of PGE₂ (0, 10, 50, 100 ng/ml) for 48 hours. Cells and medium were harvested for gene expression (collagen types I and III, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP], decorin, and matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, and -13), biochemical analysis (glycosaminoglycan, DNA, and collagen content), and cytological staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression for collagen type I was significantly increased at 100 ng/ml PGE₂ compared to 10 and 50 ng/ml. There were not any significant differences detected for gene expression of collagen type III, COMP or decorin or for biochemical content and cell morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions investigated, exogenous treatment of equine tendon fibroblasts with PGE₂ failed to alter cell metabolism in a manner useful as a model of tendon injury. A model that applies cyclic strain to a three dimensional construct seeded with tendon fibroblasts may prove to be a more useful model and merits further investigation for this purpose. The ability to assess cellular responses in an environment where the cells are supported within the extracellular matrix may prove beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cissell
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005065:Euthanasia; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D017931:DNA Primers; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D015232:Dinoprostone