title: Neither retinal nor brain atrophy can be shown in patients with isolated unilateral optic neuritis at the time of presentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis (ON) may be the earliest manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Atrophy has been shown to be a prominent feature of MS with great impact on disability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to evaluate retinal and brain atrophy and possible associations at the earliest possible stages of MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective observational cohort study we included 60 untreated patients with monosymptomatic ON and 19 healthy volunteers. Unaffected fellow eyes were examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and normalized brain volumes were calculated based on MRI. Additionally, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither OCT measurements nor brain volume measures revealed signs of localized or generalized atrophy in patients compared with healthy volunteers. Stratification of patients into high risk based on the presence of white matter lesions did not reveal differences. The association between OCT measures and brain volumes previously found could not be confirmed at the time of the first clinical event. VEP latency was significantly prolonged in patients with white matter lesions compared to those without lesions. A trend towards a relationship between VEP amplitude of fellow eyes and brain volumes was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort we were not able to show atrophic features in the retina or the brain, and the association between structural measures of the retina and the brain as indicated in the later stages of MS could not be reproduced. These findings suggest that atrophy does require time to evolve and indicate the complexity of the relationship between local and general structural measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital and University of Copenhagen, Denmark. klauskallenbach@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallenbach
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsakiri
authors.forename: Benedikte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wanscher
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuglø
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Jette L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003718:Denmark; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011930:Reaction Time; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014787:Vision Tests; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult