Evidence-based practice for children with speech sound disorders: part 1 narrative review.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides a comprehensive narrative review of intervention studies for children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Its companion paper (Baker & McLeod, 2011) provides a tutorial and clinical example of how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can engage in evidence-based practice (EBP) for this clinical population.


METHODS
Studies reporting speech sound intervention for children with SSDs published from 1979 to 2009 were identified and coded.


RESULTS
One hundred thirty-four intervention studies were identified. Intervention typically was conducted by an SLP in a one-to-one individual format for 30- to 60-min sessions 2 to 3 times per week. Total duration of intervention (from assessment to discharge) was reported for 10 studies and ranged from 3 to 46 months. Most studies were either Level IIb (quasi-experimental studies, 41.5%) or Level III (nonexperimental case studies, 32.6%). Single-case experimental design (29.6%) was the most frequently used experimental research design. There were 7 distinct approaches to target selection and 46 distinct intervention approaches, with 23 described in more than 1 publication. Each approach was associated with varying quantities and levels of evidence, according to research design.


CONCLUSIONS
Collaborative research reflecting higher levels of evidence using rigorous experimental designs is needed to compare the relative benefits of different intervention approaches.
Baker
Elise
E
The University of Sydney, Australia. elise.baker@sydney.edu.au
McLeod
Sharynne
S
D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010700:Phonetics; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology