title: SHP-1 inhibits β-catenin function by inducing its degradation and interfering with its association with TATA-binding protein.
abstract: β-catenin plays a dual role both as a key effector in the regulation of adherens junctions and as a transcriptional coactivator. Tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin is implicated as a means for its release from E-cadherin complexes and correlates with enhanced transcriptional activity. However, it remains unclear whether or not tyrosine phosphorylated β-catenin degrades slower or faster than its unphosphorylated form or transactivates the downstream target genes differently. We have recently demonstrated that tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 negatively regulates the nuclear transcriptional function of β-catenin. The mechanism by which SHP-1 specifically inhibits β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity remains, however, to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases with pervanadate induced both c-src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Moreover, ectopic expression of SHP-1 but not the inactive form of SHP-1 (C453S) inhibited src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin on tyrosines 86 and 654. SHP-1 expression and mutations of tyrosine-86 and tyrosine-654 to phenylalanine significantly and similarly decreased the transactivation potential of β-catenin on the TOPFLASH reporter. SHP-1 expression as well as mutations of tyrosine-86 and tyrosine-654 to phenylalanine also significantly interfered with the association of β-catenin with TBP. Mutations of tyrosine-86 and/or tyrosine-654 did not markedly alter β-catenin stability whereas SHP-1 expression promoted proteasomal β-catenin degradation through a GSK3β-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, SHP-1 negatively regulates β-catenin transcriptional activity i) by dephosphorylating β-catenin on tyrosines 86 and 654, ii) by impairing its capacity to interact with the basal transcriptional factor TBP and iii) by promoting β-catenin degradation in a GSK3β-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anatomie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simoneau
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coulombe
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandal
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vézina
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; C076715:pervanadate; D014638:Vanadates; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6