title: Platelet anti-aggregation activities of compounds from Cinnamomum cassia.
abstract: Cinnamomum cassia is a well-known traditional medicine for improvement of blood circulation. An extract of this plant showed both platelet anti-aggregation and blood anti-coagulation effects in preliminary testing. Among the 13 compounds obtained from this plant, eugenol (2), amygdalactone (4), cinnamic alcohol (5), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (7), 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (8), and coniferaldehyde (9) showed 1.5-73-fold greater inhibitory effects than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation (50% inhibitory concentration [IC₅₀] = 3.8, 5.16, 31.2, 40.0, 16.9, and 0.82 μM, respectively, vs. 60.3 μM) and 6.3-730-fold stronger effect than ASA on U46619 (a thromboxane A₂ mimic)-induced aggregation (IC₅₀ = 3.51, 33.9, 31.0, 51.3, 14.6, and 0.44 μM, respectively, vs. 321 μM). The other compounds, coumarin (3), cinnamaldehyde (6), cinnamic acid (10), icariside DC (11), and dihydrocinnacasside (12), also inhibited (2.5 to four times greater than ASA) U46619-induced aggregation. In addition, compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were 1.3-87 times more effective than ASA against epinephrine-induced aggregation (IC₅₀ = 1.86, 1.10, 37.7, 25.0, 16.8, 15.3, and 0.57 μM, respectively, vs. 50.0 μM). However, the 13 compounds were only very mildly effective against blood coagulation, if at all. In conclusion, compounds 2, 4, 8, and 9 showed stronger inhibitory potencies than others on AA-, U46619-, and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. Eugenol (2) and coniferaldehyde (9) were the two of the most active anti-platelet constituents of C. cassia.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yean Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Ja Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Tran Minh
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ngoc
authors.forename: Sam Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: KiHwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Yeong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hye Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yun-Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry; D032904:Cinnamomum aromaticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013918:Thrombin Time; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000097:blood; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D013928:Thromboxane A2