Peptide hormone isoforms: N-terminally branched PYY3-36 isoforms give improved lipid and fat-cell metabolism in diet-induced obese mice.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing with an alarming rate worldwide and there is a need for efficacious satiety drugs. PYY3-36 has been shown to play a role in hypothalamic appetite regulation and novel analogs targeting the Y2 receptor have potential as drugs for the treatment of obesity. We have designed a series of novel PYY3-36 isoforms, by first adding the dipeptide Ile-Lys N-terminal to the N(α) of Ser-13 in PYY13-36 and then anchoring the N-terminal segment, e.g. PYY3-12, to the new Lys N(ε)-amine. We hypothesized that such modifications would alter the folding of PYY, due to changes in the turn motif, which could change the binding mode to the Y receptor sub-types and possibly also alter metabolic stability. In structure-affinity/activity relationship experiments, one series of PYY isoforms displayed equipotency towards the Y receptors. However, an increased Y2 receptor potency for the second series of PYY isoforms resulted in enhanced Y receptor selectivity compared to PYY3-36. Additionally, acute as well as chronic mice studies showed body-weight-lowering effects for one of the PYY isoforms, which was also reflected in a reduction of circulating leptin levels. Interestingly, while the stability and pharmacokinetic profile of PYY3-36 and the N-terminally modified PYY3-36 analogue were identical, only mice treated with the branched analogue showed marked increases in adiponectin levels as well as reductions in non-esterified free fatty acids and triglycerides.
Pedersen
Søren L
SL
IGM, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Sasikumar
Pottayil G
PG
Chelur
Shekar
S
Holst
Birgitte
B
Artmann
Andreas
A
Jensen
Knud J
KJ
Vrang
Niels
N
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017476:Receptors, Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D036361:Peptide Hormones; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017476:Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; D019894:Peptide YY