title: Factors affecting wound ooze in total knee replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wound ooze is common following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and persistent wound infection is a risk factor for infection, and increased length and cost of hospitalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a prospective study to assess the effect of tourniquet time, peri-articular local anaesthesia and surgical approach on wound oozing after TKA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medial parapatellar approach was used in 59 patients (77%) and subvastus in 18 patients (23%). Peri-articular local anaesthesia (0.25% Bupivacaine with 1:1,000,000 adrenalin) was used in 34 patients (44%). The mean tourniquet time was 83 min (range, 38-125 min). We found a significant association between cessation of oozing and peri-articular local anaesthesia (P = 0.003), length of the tourniquet time (P = 0.03) and the subvastus approach (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peri-articular local anaesthesia, the subvastus approach and shorter tourniquet time were all associated with less wound oozing after total knee arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Yeovil District Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aspros
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bannister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014111:Tourniquets; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D058106:Wound Closure Techniques; D014945:Wound Healing