title: Role of antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in combination with calcium channel blockers for stroke prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the available literature on the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or combinations of these agents on stroke outcomes in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was conducted using the search terms stroke and antihypertensives, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin II receptor blockers from 1985 to August 17, 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled clinical trials with at least 400 randomized patients were selected if at least one of the treatment arms used a CCB, ACEI, or ARB to evaluate stroke outcomes in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of stroke is high in the United States, accounting for approximately 150,000 deaths per year. Early identification and treatment of hypertension to quickly achieve blood pressure reduction is critical in the prevention of stroke. Many trials have provided evidence that CCBs, ACEIs, and ARBs are effective in stroke prevention. Most patients require two or more antihypertensive drugs to achieve blood pressure goals. Because of their complementary actions, combination antihypertensive therapy with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blocker and a CCB may help reduce stroke incidence to a greater extent than either of the monotherapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A growing body of clinical trial data suggest that aggressive combination antihypertensive therapy, including a RAAS blocker and CCB, may help reduce stroke incidence. Fixed-dose combination therapy is an important consideration in optimizing blood pressure control and patient adherence to therapy in stroke prevention.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, USA. talbert@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Talbert
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers