title: Effect of topical glucocorticoid treatment in chinchilla model of lipopolysaccharide induced otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of topical treatment with three glucocorticoids in lipopolysaccharide induced otitis media with effusion (OME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinchillas were divided into seven treatment groups consisting of vehicle and three glucocorticoids: dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), fluticasone propionate (FP), and hydrocortisone, each at concentrations of 0.1% and 1.0%. LPS (300 μg) was injected into the superior bullae of chinchillas to induce OME. Animals were treated with test substances at -2, 24, and 48 h relative to LPS inoculation. After 96 h, chinchillas were euthanized, samples of middle ear effusion (MEE) were collected, and temporal bones were removed for histopathological examination. Reduction of OME was evaluated by measuring MEE volume and thickness of mucosal lining for each bulla.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One percent treatment of FP significantly reduced MEE. One percent treatment of DSP and HC significantly reduced the mucosal thickness (MT), DSP (15.0 μM) more than HC (30.8 μM). Treatment with 0.1% glucocorticoids did not lead to any significant reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clearance of otitis media with effusion seems to be a class effect among glucocorticoids. DSP was the best in reducing MT. It is important to evaluate treatment with various glucocorticoids in order to discover alternative drugs for OME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pudrith
authors.forename: You Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inman
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jahng
authors.forename: You Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002682:Chinchilla; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C004180:dexamethasone 21-phosphate; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006854:Hydrocortisone