title: Group X secretory phospholipase A2 negatively regulates ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression and cholesterol efflux in macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  GX sPLA(2) potently hydrolyzes plasma membranes to generate lysophospholipids and free fatty acids; it has been implicated in inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. To identify a novel role for group X (GX) secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) in modulating ATP binding casette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP binding casette transporter G1 (ABCG1) expression and, therefore, macrophage cholesterol efflux.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression or exogenous addition of GX sPLA(2) significantly reduced ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in J774 macrophage-like cells, whereas GX sPLA(2) deficiency in mouse peritoneal macrophages was associated with enhanced expression. Altered ABC transporter expression led to reduced cholesterol efflux in GX sPLA(2)-overexpressing J774 cells and increased efflux in GX sPLA(2)-deficient mouse peritoneal macrophages. Gene regulation was dependent on GX sPLA(2) catalytic activity, mimicked by arachidonic acid and abrogated when liver X receptor (LXR)α/β expression was suppressed, and partially reversed by the LXR agonist T0901317. Reporter assays indicated that GX sPLA(2) suppresses the ability of LXR to transactivate its promoters through a mechanism involving the C-terminal portion of LXR spanning the ligand-binding domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GX sPLA(2) modulates gene expression in macrophages by generating lipolytic products that suppress LXR activation. GX sPLA(2) may play a previously unrecognized role in atherosclerotic lipid accumulation by negatively regulating the genes critical for cellular cholesterol efflux.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0200, USA.
authors.forename: Preetha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shridas
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gizard
authors.forename: Rob C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Oslund
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gelb
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruemmer
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D054509:Group X Phospholipases A2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D054509:Group X Phospholipases A2; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D008074:Lipoproteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013449:Sulfonamides; C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; C487540:ABCG1 protein, mouse; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; C423915:T0901317; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides