title: Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional profile of young amateur swimmers.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional and anthropometric profiles of young swimmers belonging to semiprofessional teams. Thirty-six caucasian adolescent swimmers (22 boys and 14 girls) participated voluntarily in the study. Anthropometric data, dietary intake, and blood parameters were determined. Female swimmers had greater values of triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal skinfolds. Endomorphic somatotype was twofold greater in girls compared with in boys. Energy intake and protein intake per kilogram of body weight were significantly greater in boys compared to in girls. On the other hand, girls had significantly greater polyunsaturated fatty acid intake compared that of boys. Energy intake of boys and girls was below their requirements. In contrast, protein intake doubled the requirements of the study population. Furthermore, inadequate intake of carotenes, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, and folic acid was found in both boys and girls; girls also had inadequate intake of iron and calcium. Plasma levels of iron, vitamins C and E, and carotenes were similar in male and females swimmers, and they were within the normal range. In conclusion, young swimmers participating in the present study had differences between sexes in somatotypes. Adolescent swimmers had low average total energy intakes, excessive protein intake, and lower intake of several micronutrients in both sexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursery and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. pedro.tauler@uib.es
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Bruno N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Pasquarelli
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: Cati
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arasa
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tauler
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguiló
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D014807:Vitamin D; D002338:Carotenoids; D005492:Folic Acid