title: Modified "liver-sparing" multivisceral transplant with preserved native spleen, pancreas, and duodenum: technique and long-term outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modification of the originally described multivisceral transplant operation was introduced at our institution 17 years ago. Donor liver was spared, and native spleen along with pancreaticoduodenal complex was preserved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six modified multivisceral grafts that include stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and intestine were given to 30 adults and six children. Leading causes of intestinal failure were pseudo-obstruction and Gardner's syndrome. Native spleen was preserved in 24 (67%) recipients along with pancreaticoduodenal complex in 18 (50%). Immunosuppression was tacrolimus-based, and recipient preconditioning was utilized in 80% of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient survival was 94% at 1 year and 75% at 5 years with graft survival of 91% and 51%; respectively. With mean follow-up of 51 ± 35 months, full nutritional autonomy was achieved in 89% of current survivors with no single example of disease recurrence. Preservation of native spleen was associated with increased survival and reduced risk of PTLD, life-threatening infections, and GVHD with no significant impact on graft loss due to rejection. Concomitant preservation of pancreaticoduodenal complex eliminated risks of biliary complications and glucose intolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified multivisceral transplantation with and without preservation of native spleen, pancreas, and duodenum is a valid therapeutic option for patients with diffuse gastrointestinal disorders and preserved hepatic functions.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH 7 South, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Ruy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soltys
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Darlene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koritsky
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sindhi
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazariegos
authors.forename: Kareem M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abu-Elmagd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004386:Duodenum / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013270:Stomach / Q000637:transplantation; D015996:Survival Rate; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D014781:Viscera / Q000637:transplantation*; D055815:Young Adult