title: Flushing following interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injection with dexamethasone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural steroid injections are commonly used in managing radicular pain. Most complications related to epidural injections are minor and self-limited. Flushing is considered as one such minor side effect. Flushing has been studied using various steroid preparations including methylprednisone, triamcinolone, and betamethasone but its frequency has never been studied using dexamethasone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the frequency of flushing associated with fluoroscopy-guided lumbar epidural steroid injections using dexamethasone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort design study. Patients presenting with low back pain were evaluated and offered a fluoroscopically guided lumbar epidural steroid injection using dexamethasone via an interlaminar approach as part of a conservative care treatment plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based Pain Management Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All injections were performed consecutively over a 2-month period by one staff member using 16 mg (4 mg/mL) of dexamethasone. A staff physician specifically asked each participant about the presence of flushing following the procedure prior to discharge on the day of injection and again on follow-up within 48 hours after the injections. The answers were documented as "YES" or "NO."
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 150 participants received fluoroscopically guided interlaminar epidural steroid injection. All participants received 16 mg (4 mg/mL) of dexamethasone with 2 mL of 0.2% ropiviciane. Overall incidence of flushing was 42 out of 150 cases (28%). Of the 42 participants who experienced flushing, 12 (28%) experienced the symptom prior to discharge following the procedure. Twenty-seven of the 42 (64%) were female (P < 0.05). All the participants who experienced flushing noted resolution by 48 hours. No other major side effects or complications were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follow-up data were solely based on subjective reports by patients via telecommunication. Follow-up time was limited to only 48 hours, which overlooks the possibility that more participants might have noted flushing after the 48 hour limit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flushing is commonly reported following epidural steroid injections. With an incidence of 28%, injections using dexamethasone 16 mg by interlaminar epidural route appear to be associated with more flushing reaction than previously reported with other steroid preparations. Additionally, female participants are more likely to experience flushing though the reactions seem to be self-limiting with resolution by 48 hours.
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. wp34@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chong H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vaglienti
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000577:Amides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005483:Flushing / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D003907:Dexamethasone