title: Treatment of non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis by transcutaneous parasacral electrical nerve stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous parasacral electrical stimulation (TCPSE) in the treatment of non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE). Also, we evaluated possible pretreatment predictors of TCPSE failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen children diagnosed with NMNE who underwent TCPSE were studied prospectively. There were 6 boys and 13 girls with a mean age of 9.05 ± 3.153 years (range 5-17 years). The sessions were performed three times per week for a maximum of 20 sessions, for 20 min each and at a frequency of 10 Hz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For eight children (42%) the nocturnal enuresis resolved, four (21%) presented a reduction in nocturnal episodes to less than one a week, six (32%) presented no change and one (5%) had increased frequency of NMNE. Symptoms present before treatment, such as daytime incontinence, frequency, constipation and occurrence of urinary tract infection, were not predictors of failure after TCPSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCPSE can be an effective treatment for NMNE, but about a third of patients will need another kind of treatment. No pretreatment factor was determined that predicted TCPSE failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Physical Therapy, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. pvslordelo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lordêlo
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benevides
authors.forename: Eric Goodwin
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kerner
authors.forename: Alcina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lordêlo
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome