title: Nocardioides sp. strain WSN05-2, isolated from a wheat field, degrades deoxynivalenol, producing the novel intermediate 3-epi-deoxynivalenol.
abstract: The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) causes serious problems worldwide in the production of crops such as wheat and barley because of its toxicity toward humans and livestock. A bacterial culture capable of degrading DON was obtained from soil samples collected in wheat fields using an enrichment culture procedure. The isolated bacterium, designated strain WSN05-2, completely removed 1,000 μg/mL of DON from the culture medium after incubation for 10 days. On the basis of phylogenetic studies, WSN05-2 was classified as a bacterium belonging to the genus Nocardioides. WSN05-2 showed significant growth in culture medium with DON as the sole carbon source. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the presence of a major initial metabolite of DON in the culture supernatant. The metabolite was identified as 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON) by mass spectrometry and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The amount of DON on wheat grain was reduced by about 90% at 7 days after inoculation with WSN05-2. This is the first report of a Nocardioides sp. strain able to degrade DON and of the yet unknown 3-epi-DON as an intermediate in the degradation of DON by a microorganism.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikunaga
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grond
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Numaziri
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaya
authors.forename: Syuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiradate
authors.forename: Morifumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koitabashi
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karlovsky
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsushima
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol