title: [Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders].
abstract: Prenatal alcohol exposure may cause decreased growth of the child, congenital abnormalities, specific facial characteristics, and, most importantly, mental retardation and behavioural disorders, all known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). A significant number of pregnant women in the Netherlands drink alcohol, but the prevalence of FASD in our country is unknown. Repeated and high peak blood alcohol concentrations, for example in the case of binge drinking by the mother, result in more severe abnormalities; a safe limit for alcohol consumption in pregnancy cannot be defined. In 2007 and 2008, Dutch paediatricians reported a total of 56 diagnosed cases of FASD, mostly adopted and foster children. Possibly the condition has not always been diagnosed. Use of international guidelines for diagnosis by the medical profession may improve detection. The guidelines of the Canadian Public Health Agency provide a useful and generally accepted classification, with strict cut-off points to avoid overdiagnosis; attention should always be paid to the broad differential diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: St. Antoniusziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. hvwieringen@antoniusziekenhuis.nl
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Wieringen
authors.forename: Tom G W
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Letteboer
authors.forename: Rob Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Ruiter
authors.forename: Walter A F
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Balemans
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindhout
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol