[Cytokines and T cell differentiation in systemic sclerosis].
The physiopathology of systemic sclerosis remains unclear within a complex interaction between vasculopathy, perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, extensive tissue fibrosis and auto-immune manifestations. Chronology between vascular disease and adjacent inflammatory cell infiltration is still not yet clarified. There is growing evidence that T cell activation and its cytokine expression play a key role in vascular impairment occurrence and collagen dysregulation. Nevertheless, cytokine descriptions are mainly limited to blood and tissue measurement and the T cells differentiation analysis restricted to the Th1/Th2 balance. The purpose of this review is to establish an exhaustive cartography of cytokines involved in T cell differentiation, regarding the recent advance in T lymphocyte differentiation, including Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T cells (Treg) pathways. This review will focus on Th17, Th22 and Treg differentiation, corresponding to the equilibrium between inflammation and tolerance. Finally, regarding published results in systemic sclerosis, T cells participation appears to be more a Th1/Th2 co-expression than an exclusive Th1 or Th2 polarization. Also, a possible Th22/Treg imbalance is suggested, leading to a Th22 overexpression and likely to tissue inflammation genesis.
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Service de médecine interne, CHU Ambroise-Paré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France. salim.trad@apr.aphp.fr
Granel
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Parizot
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Dorgham
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Hanslik
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Marie
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Amoura
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D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines