title: Deformity secondary to bilateral incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in a German Shorthaired Pointer dog. A case report with ten-year follow-up.
abstract: A five-month-old male, German Shorthaired Pointer dog was presented for severe, bilateral, thoracic-limb-lameness, with elbow swelling, pain, and crepitus. Radiography and computed tomography confirmed bilateral incomplete ossification of the humeral condyles (IOHC), with a non-displaced incomplete fracture of the left medial epicondylar crest and condylar deformity, characterised by enlargement of the trochleas with extension of the disto-medial aspect of the bone below the normal elbow joint level, and a deformed proximo-medial aspect of the ulna and radius. Transcondylar lag screws were placed bilaterally in an attempt to prevent fracture. Microscopic examination of biopsies, harvested from both humeral condyles, was supportive of IOHC. Six years after surgery, radiographs showed severe osteoarthritis and it appeared that fusion of the humeral condyles had not occurred. The dog followed an active life style until 10 years after surgery when the elbows showed almost no observable range-of-motion. However, discomfort was evident only after heavy exercise. Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyles may be associated with osteoarthritis, risk for non-union, implant failure, or secondary condylar fracture. This dog maintained good limb function despite these concerns, and despite bilateral humeral condylar deformity as well as development of severe osteoarthritis. This is the first report of a German Shorthaired Pointer dog with IOHC and the first histological description supportive of this condition in a five-month-old dog.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Specialists of Alaska, 3330 Fairbanks Street, Anchorage, Alaska 99503, USA. drvonpfeil.vsoa@ak.net
authors.forename: D J F
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: von Pfeil
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: DeCamp
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agnello
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Steficek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D006811:Humerus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014457:Ulna / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*