Nocardioides sp. strain WSN05-2, isolated from a wheat field, degrades deoxynivalenol, producing the novel intermediate 3-epi-deoxynivalenol.
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) causes serious problems worldwide in the production of crops such as wheat and barley because of its toxicity toward humans and livestock. A bacterial culture capable of degrading DON was obtained from soil samples collected in wheat fields using an enrichment culture procedure. The isolated bacterium, designated strain WSN05-2, completely removed 1,000 μg/mL of DON from the culture medium after incubation for 10 days. On the basis of phylogenetic studies, WSN05-2 was classified as a bacterium belonging to the genus Nocardioides. WSN05-2 showed significant growth in culture medium with DON as the sole carbon source. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the presence of a major initial metabolite of DON in the culture supernatant. The metabolite was identified as 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON) by mass spectrometry and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The amount of DON on wheat grain was reduced by about 90% at 7 days after inoculation with WSN05-2. This is the first report of a Nocardioides sp. strain able to degrade DON and of the yet unknown 3-epi-DON as an intermediate in the degradation of DON by a microorganism.
Ikunaga
Yoko
Y
National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
Sato
Ikuo
I
Grond
Stephanie
S
Numaziri
Nobutaka
N
Yoshida
Shigenobu
S
Yamaya
Hiroko
H
Hiradate
Syuntaro
S
Hasegawa
Morifumi
M
Toshima
Hiroaki
H
Koitabashi
Motoo
M
Ito
Michihiro
M
Karlovsky
Petr
P
Tsushima
Seiya
S
D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol