[COPD in nonsmokers].
The association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking is well established. However, an increasing number of studies have reported a not inconsiderable prevalence of COPD among nonsmokers. Therefore, other factors, both endogenous and exogenous, may influence the development of this disease. The present article reviews the influence of possible genetic factors, gender and other respiratory diseases (such as chronic asthma and tuberculosis), as well as environmental pollution and occupational exposure in the development of COPD.
Rubio
Myriam Calle
MC
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España. med010161@saludalia.com
Rodríguez Hermosa
Juan Luis
JL
Alvarez-Sala Walther
José Luis
JL
D006801:Humans; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking