title: Survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis from a Swedish single centre: prognosis still poor and prediction difficult.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the survival rate in a cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to evaluate possible predictors for SSc-PAH in a cohort of SSc patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with SSc-PAH and 150 SSc patients without PAH were included. Survival and survival on therapy were calculated. Clinical features at baseline were correlated to the risk for development of PAH during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year survival rates were 86, 59, 39, and 22%, respectively, from diagnosis of PAH. The hazard ratio for total mortality in the SSc-PAH group was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-5.7] compared to SSc without PAH (p < 0.001). Risk factors at baseline for the development of PAH were: limited skin involvement, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)), high N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTProBNP), increased estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (ESPAP), and the presence of teleangiectases. Severe peripheral vascular disease requiring iloprost treatment during follow-up was associated with an eightfold increased risk of PAH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite modern treatment and yearly screening by echocardiography, the survival in SSc-PAH is still low in our cohort. The identified risk factors should be assessed to select patients eligible for right heart catheterization (RHC) to make an earlier diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. roger.hesselstrand@med.lu.se
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hesselstrand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wildt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ekmehag
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wuttge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002248:Carbon Monoxide