title: [Characterization and outcome of renal cancers ≤ 4cm treated by surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a retrospective study, we described the characteristics and the outcome of renal cancers less than or equal to 4cm treated by surgical excision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eighty four cancers less than or equal to 4cm on preoperative CT scan (T1a) were extracted from our database. We studied, the presence of symptoms, the ECOG and ASA scores, the size, the histological type and the Fuhrman grade. The follow up was clinical, biological and radiological.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 60.8 years. 21% of patients were symptomatic. The renal capsule was intact in 182 cases (64.08%), the urinary tract in 267 cases (94.01%). Seven patients (2.46%) were metastatic with tumors greater than or equal to pT3a. The most common histological types were the conventional renal cell carcinoma (78.52%) and the papillary renal cell carcinoma (16.55%). 76.06%. of the tumors were low grade. With a median of 66.9 months, 33 patients died (11.61%) . For N0M0 patients, with a median of 59.3 months, three specific deaths (1.19%) and 17 deaths from other causes (6.77%) were observed. The average survival of N0M0 group was 227.2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The renal cell carcinoma less than or equal to 4cm was a heterogeneous group including locally advanced and aggressive or metastatic tumors. For localized forms, surgical excision provided an effective long-term treatment regardless the histological type or the tumor grade.
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie-andrologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, université Jean-Monnet, 42055 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France. marc.gigante@chu-st-etienne.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentil-Perret
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tostain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome