title: Pretherapeutic extraperitoneal laparoscopic staging of bulky or locally advanced cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the safety, feasibility, and impact on survival of extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in the staging of patients with bulky or locally advanced cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2001 and October 2009, 87 consecutive patients (median age 5 years) with bulky or locally advanced cervical cancer underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic infrarenal aortic and common iliac dissection as a pretherapeutic staging procedure. Data on pathologic findings, details of surgery, postoperative complications, and disease status at follow-up were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median operating time was 150 min (range 60-255 min). The mean (± standard deviation) para-aortic nodal yield was 15.5 ± 8.1 (range 4-62). In none of the patients, conversion to the transperitoneal approach or laparotomy was necessary. Histological examination revealed metastasis in 13 patients (macroscopic disease 10, microscopic disease 3). After a median follow-up of 33.4 months (range 13.3-65.9 months), 73.6% of patients were free of disease and 1.1% were alive with disease, 19.5% died from cervical cancer, and 3.3% died from other causes. After a follow-up of 3 years, no deaths or recurrences were documented, with an overall survival rate of 74.8% (95% CI 62.8%-83.4%) and disease-free survival of 86% (95% CI 74.7%-92.5%). There were no significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival between patients with positive and negative para-aortic lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy for pretherapeutic surgical staging in cervical cancer is a safe and feasible procedure that should be considered as a tool to identify lymph node positive patients who require extended-field radiation and/or chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. antonioimma@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil-Moreno
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franco-Camps
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Assumpció
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Benavente
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gómez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xercavins
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult