title: Anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in chronic hemodialysis patients: impact of intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as well as its functional roles are suppressed in chronic kidney disease because of ongoing chronic microinflammatory state. We hypothesized that intervention aimed at reducing inflammation may improve the levels and activity of HDL cholesterol as well as survival of our patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective follow-up study, we selected 67 patients (33 women, 34 men) on chronic hemodialysis (23.5 months [range, 10 to 34], aged 67.5 years [range, 39 to 90 years]). Targeted examination for asymptomatic infective foci or poor function of arterio-venous (AV)-fistula was carried out after a detailed initial clinical examination in all patients. Individual intervention was performed according to examination results. Blood was drawn for analysis of HDL cholesterol; interleukin-6, its soluble receptor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), total iron binding capacity, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein at the beginning of the study and after 3 months. The patients were then closely followed up for 2 years during which the occurrence and cause of death was registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease of inflammatory parameters (Interleukin-6: 4.9 vs. 1.1 pg/mL, P > .001 and MCP-1: 397 vs. 310 pg/mL, P = .02) and increase of HDL cholesterol (1.22 ± 0.55 vs. 1.33 ± 0.55; P = .003) was seen in the entire study population. No difference in survival was found between the different interventional groups. The 2-year death rate was 37%. On using Kaplan-Meier analysis, a significantly better survival in patients with increase of HDL cholesterol (77% vs. 50%; P = .013) and/or a decrease of MCP-1 (81% vs. 53%; P = .04) was found after 3 months of intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that individually aimed intervention may improve levels of HDL cholesterol and MCP-1. Changes in these 2 parameters can predict the 2-year survival rates of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. erosito@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mistrík
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bláha
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dusilová-Sulková
authors.forename: Ctirad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrýs
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalousová
authors.forename: Lubos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobotka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002404:Catheterization; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein