title: Modulation of cell signaling networks after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects on cell signalling networks upon blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) using the monoclonal antibody tremelimumab were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from patients with metastatic melanoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings Intracellular flow cytometry was used to detect phosphorylated (p) signaling molecules downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) and cytokine receptors. PBMC from tremelimumab-treated patients were characterized by increase in pp38, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3, and decrease in pLck, pERK1/2 and pSTAT5 levels. These changes were noted in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes but also in CD14 monocytes. A divergent pattern of phosphorylation of Zap70, LAT, Akt and STAT6 was noted in patients with or without an objective tumor response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab to patients with metastatic melanoma influences signaling networks downstream of the TCR and cytokine receptors both in T cells and monocytes. The strong modulation of signaling networks in monocytes suggests that this cell subset may be involved in clinical responses to CTLA4 blockade.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov; Registration numbers NCT00090896 and NCT00471887.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America. bcomin@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Comin-Anduix
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sazegar
authors.forename: Thinle
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chodon
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jalil
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Euw
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Escuin-Ordinas
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balderas
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chmielowski
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gomez-Navarro
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Koya
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C520704:tremelimumab