title: Construction of a copper stepwedge with aluminum equivalent mean gray values.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To produce a copper (Cu) stepwedge with aluminum (Al) equivalent mean gray values (MGV).
  
  
  METHODS
  The thicknesses of Cu steps that were equivalent to those of the Al were formulated using the X-ray attenuation properties of the materials. The Al and fabricated Cu stepwedges were radiographed, but the MGVs of the Cu stepwedge were mismatching to those of the Al. Using a mathematical function to adjust the pixel MGV of Cu stepwedge to those of the Al, new Cu stepwedges were created. In vitro iterations were performed until best approximation to Al was reached.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MGV of the Cu stepwedges fabricated by formularization were different than those of Al (p=0.001). Iteration method led to MGV similar to those of the Al stepwedge (p=0.207).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Construction of a Cu stepwedge according to the basic rules of radiophysic failed to result in a stepwedge with similar radiodensity values to those of Al stepwedge. Further studies may use the formularization method only for prototype Cu wedge production, but consecutive iterations shall be compassed to obtain the best approximation to Al MGV.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. nesrinergul@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dündar
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Güneri
authors.forename: Erinç
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onem
authors.forename: Hayal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boyacioğlu
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000465:Algorithms; D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties; D014962:X-Ray Film / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D000535:Aluminum