title: An isolated case of lissencephaly caused by the insertion of a mitochondrial genome-derived DNA sequence into the 5' untranslated region of the PAFAH1B1 (LIS1) gene.
abstract: A 130 base pair (bp) insertion (g.-8delCins130) into the 5' untranslated region of the PAFAH1B1 (LIS1) gene, seven nucleotides upstream of the translational initiation site, was detected in an isolated case of lissencephaly. The inserted DNA sequence exhibited perfect homology to two non-contiguous regions of the mitochondrial genome (8479 to 8545 and 8775 to 8835, containing portions of two genes, ATP8 and ATP6 ), as well as near-perfect homology (1 bp mismatch) to a nuclear mitochondrial pseudogene (NUMT) sequence located on chromosome 1p36. This lesion was not evident on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence analysis of either parent, indicating that the mutation had occurred de novo in the patient. Experiments designed to distinguish between a mitochondrial and a nuclear genomic origin for the inserted DNA sequence were, however, inconclusive. Mitochondrial genome sequences from both the patient and his parents were sequenced and found to be identical to the sequence inserted into the PAFAH1B1 gene. Analysis of parental PCR products from the chromosome 1-specific NUMT were also consistent with the interpretation that the inserted sequence had originated directly from the mitochondrial genome. The chromosome 1-specific NUMT in the patient proved to be refractory to PCR analysis, however, suggesting that this region of chromosome 1 could have been deleted or rearranged. Although it remains by far the most likely scenario, in the absence of DNA sequence information from the patient's own chromosome 1-specific NUMT, we cannot unequivocally confirm that the 130 bp insertion originated from mitochondrial genome rather than from the NUMT.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF144XN, UK.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tysoe
authors.forename: Lazarus P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Lazarou
authors.forename: Daniela T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.forename: Shehla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chuzhanova
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000235:genetics*; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D054082:Lissencephaly / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; C084102:PAFAH1B1 protein, human