title: Protective effects of glycoglycerolipids extracted from spinach on 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucosal injury.
abstract: Glycoglycerolipids are mostly found in plants, however the beneficial effects of the glycoglycerolipids on mammalian body have not been understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of glycolipid extracts from spinach, which highly contained glycoglycerolipids, on mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in rats. Preadministration of glycolipid extracts from spinach (20 mg/kg body weight) prevented villous atrophy, misaligned crypts, and increased inflammatory cytokines in rat jejunum treated with 5-FU (300 mg/kg body weight) compared with the extracts from soybean. The glycolipid extracts from spinach highly contained monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) and diglactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG). In Caco-2 cells, MGDG and DGDG inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species induced by phorbol ester. We concluded that glycolipid extracts from spinach has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and the extract may be useful for prevention of drug-induced mucosal injury and other inflammatory diseases. Tokushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hisami
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka-Okumura
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D038983:Galactolipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D052016:Mucositis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D038983:Galactolipids; D006017:Glycolipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C007388:digalactosyldiacylglycerol; C015903:glycerolglycolipids; C009909:monogalactosyldiacylglycerol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005472:Fluorouracil