title: Ultrasound and joint mobilizations for achieving normal wrist range of motion after injury or surgery: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regaining full, active range of motion (AROM) after trauma to the wrist is difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the cases of 6 patients who lacked full range of motion (ROM) in the wrist due to trauma. The treatment regimen was thermal 3-MHz ultrasound and joint mobilizations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  University therapeutic modalities laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients (2 women, 4 men) from the university population lacked a mean AROM of 21.7° of flexion and 26.8° of extension approximately 2.1 years after trauma or surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  I assessed changes in flexion and extension AROM before and after each treatment. Treatment consisted of 6 minutes of 3-MHz continuous ultrasound at an average intensity of 1.4 W/cm(2) on the dorsal and volar aspects of the wrist, immediately followed by approximately 10 minutes of joint mobilizations. After posttreatment ROM was recorded, ice was applied to the area for about 20 minutes. Once the patient achieved full AROM or did not improve on 2 consecutive visits, he or she was discharged from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the sixth treatment, 5 participants achieved normal flexion AROM, and 3 exceeded the norm. All 6 achieved normal extension AROM, and 4 exceeded the norm. All returned to normal activities and normal use of their hands. One month later, they had, on average, maintained 93% of their final measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of thermal ultrasound and joint mobilizations was effective in restoring AROM to wrists lacking ROM after injury or surgery.
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA. jfleming@bch.org.
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Draper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014495:Universities; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D014955:Wrist Joint; D055815:Young Adult