title: A mobile bioassay laboratory for the assessment of internal doses based on in vivo and in vitro measurements.
abstract: Internal exposures may occur in nuclear power plants, radioisotope production, and in medicine and research laboratories. Such practices require quick response in case of accidents of a wide range of magnitudes. This work presents the design and calibration of a mobile laboratory for the assessment of accidents involving workers and the population as well as for routine monitoring. The system was set up in a truck with internal dimensions of 3.30 m × 1.60 m × 1.70 m and can identify photon emitters in the energy range of 100-3,000 keV in the whole body, organs, and in urine. A thyroid monitor consisting of a lead-collimated NaI(Tl)3" × 3" (7.62 × 7.62 cm) detector was calibrated with a neck-thyroid phantom developed at the IRD (Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria). Whole body measurements were performed with a NaI(Tl)8" × 4" (20.32 × 10.16 cm) detector calibrated with a plastic-bottle phantom. Urine samples were measured with another NaI(Tl) 3" × 3" (7.62 × 7.62 cm) detector set up in a steel support. Standard solutions were provided by the National Laboratory for Metrology of Ionizing Radiation of the IRD. Urine measurements are based on a calibration of efficiency vs. energy for standard volumes. Detection limits were converted to minimum committed effective doses for the radionuclides of interest using standard biokinetic and dosimetric models in order to evaluate the applicability and limitations of the system. Sensitivities for high-energy activation and fission products show that the system is suitable for use in emergency and routine monitoring of individuals under risk of internal exposure by such radionuclides.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria-CNEN, Av Salvador Allende s/n - Rio de Janeiro, RJ-22780-160, Brazil. bmdantas@ird.gov.br
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: A L A
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: L Q C
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Julião
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mesquita
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007753:Laboratories; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008952:Mobile Health Units; D008954:Models, Biological; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes