title: Biotransformation of the 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate in rainbow trout. 2. In vitro incubations with liver and stomach S9 fractions.
abstract: The biotransformation of the 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate (C(8) F(17) CH(2) CH(2) OC(O)CH = CH(2) , 8:2 fluorotelomer-based acrylate [FTAc]) was quantitatively investigated in cytosolic (S9) fractions isolated from rainbow trout stomach and liver. The in vitro studies presented in this manuscript compliment the whole body 8:2 FTAc dietary exposure study, presented as a companion paper. The S9 fractions were prepared in our laboratory, using fish that had previously been used as control animals in our in vivo study. Before 8:2 FTAc incubations, general carboxylesterase activity was determined using paranitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) as the substrate with formation of paranitrophenol monitored using an ultraviolet-vis spectrometer. In the 8:2 FTAc incubations, the degradation of the parent compound and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) formation was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Incubations were performed in triplicate, over a range of concentrations encompassing two orders of magnitude, and the initial rate of 8:2 FTOH or paranitrophenol formation was determined. Enzyme kinetic parameters were determined by plotting the initial rate versus concentration, using nonlinear regression analysis. The maximum initial velocities of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (V(max)) in the PNPA incubations were 614 ± 18 nmol/min/mg and 147 ± 16 nmol/min/mg for the liver and stomach fractions, respectively. These values are much faster than other phase I and II metabolism reactions. The calculated intrinsic clearance rates (CL(int)) for the 8:2 FTAc incubations were 1.7 and 0.40 ml/min/mg protein, respectively. These results show that the esterase activity toward the 8:2 FTAc is only fourfold greater in the liver as compared with the stomach. These trends demonstrate the potential for considerable extrahepatic metabolism of the 8:2 FTAc before uptake into the internal tissues, ultimately limiting the overall bioaccumulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: Derek C G
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mabury
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004032:Diet; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C540553:fluorotelomer acrylate polymers