title: Coping profiles common to older African American cancer survivors: relationships with quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer survivors use distinct sets of coping behaviors that vary in their associations with psychological health and quality of life. However, existing research has largely focused on Caucasian and middle-class subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explores whether clusters with differing coping profiles could be identified among older African American cancer survivors and whether these profiles varied on cultural factors and physical, psychological, and relationship well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred forty-nine older African American cancer survivors recruited from outpatient oncology clinics completed a questionnaire booklet containing the Ways of Helping Questionnaire (WHQ), the Brief Index of Race-Related Stress, the Religious Involvement Scale, Mutuality Scale, and the Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted using the WHQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four distinct coping profiles were identified and labeled as high coping, low encouraging healthy behaviors, low coping, and strong/distracting behaviors. Coping profiles were associated with participant's gender, age, and living-alone status. Controlling for these demographic differences, the coping profiles were associated with religiosity; experiences with racism; and physical, psychological, and relationship well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study lend support for examining coping profiles and health outcomes among African American cancer survivors. This research also suggests that these profiles vary on cultural factors. This information should prove useful to researchers as they develop culturally appropriate interventions for this underserved population.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jill B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Mansi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Duke Divinity School, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: J Kameron
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crandell
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology