title: Ocular complications associated with local anesthesia administration in dentistry.
abstract: The most widely used method for controlling pain during dental procedures is the intraoral administration of local anesthetics in close proximity to a specific nerve or fiber to obtund nerve conduction. The most commonly anesthetized nerves in dentistry are branches or nerve trunks associated with the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). However, other nerves may be inadvertently affected by intraoral local anesthesia injections, resulting in anesthetic complications of structures far from the oral cavity. Practitioners should be aware of potential ocular complications following intraoral injections in dentistry. These complications include oculomotor paralysis and vision loss. The knowledge of these conditions and their potential cause should alert the dentist to the importance of appropriate injection techniques and an understanding of management protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. seangboynes@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sean G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Boynes
authors.forename: Zydnia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Echeverria
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdulwahab
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004058:Diffusion; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial / Q000009:adverse effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D008442:Maxillary Nerve; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009915:Orbit; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002355:Carticaine