title: Effect of a novel DNA vaccine on angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a DNA cancer vaccine that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with listeriolysin O-fetal liver kinase 1 (LLO-Flk1) or controls. Mice were also challenged subcutaneously with the tumor cell line TC-1. Tumor sizes were measured after vaccination. At the conclusion of the experiments, the tumors were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis and determination of hemoglobin content.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six- to 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty micrograms of each vector was administered 3 times at weekly intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor size, mean vessel density of tumors, hemoglobin content of tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice treated with the LLO-Flk1 vaccine experienced slower tumor growth relative to the other treatment groups. Complete tumor regression was observed in several cases. Immunohistochemical staining of tumors revealed fewer blood vessels in the mice vaccinated with the LLO-Flk1 vaccine relative to the other treatment groups. Finally, colorimetric assessment for hemoglobin suggested decreased vasculature in the tumor bed of these mice relative to the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel DNA cancer vaccine LLO-Flk1 can slow tumor growth in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Kibwei A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Rawi
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Maciag
authors.forename: Derek A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Banyard
authors.forename: Duane A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sewell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D014162:Transfection; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; C038705:hlyA protein, Listeria monocytogenes