title: Prevalence and risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of Bissau between January 2002 and June 2006 were consecutively tested unless they opted out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 23,869 tested women the overall prevalence of HIV-1 was 5.7%, that of HIV-2 was 2.4%, and these included the 0.7% prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 duals. The main factors associated with the risk of HIV-1 infection were older age, occupation and number of sexual partners. Beafada and Mandinga ethnic groups were at greater risk of presenting HIV-1, and Bijago and Papel at lower risk. The factors associated with the risk of HIV-2 were age, literacy and occupation; the Beafada were at greater risk than the other ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV-2 infection decreased overtime, whereas that of HIV-1 infection remained substantially stable, but was higher than that observed in previous studies. The rapid decline in the rates of HIV-2 infection suggests that many of the factors that allowed its exponential growth in the past have now been partially removed, and that sexual and vertical transmission have not been sufficient to maintain and extend the epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy. erkgianelli@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gianelli
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Fanny A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rankin Bravo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Silva Te
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casazza
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scalamogna
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bosisio
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adorni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006169:Guinea-Bissau / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult