title: A hybrid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry strategy in a forensic laboratory for opioid, cocaine and amphetamine classes in human urine using a hybrid linear ion trap-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.
abstract: A rapid method has been developed to analyse morphine, codeine, morphine-3-glucuronide, 6-monoacetylmorphine, cocaine, benzoylegonine, buprenorphine, dihydrocodeine, cocaethylene, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, pseudoephedrine, lignocaine, benzylpiperazine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine and methadone in human urine. Urine samples were diluted with methanol:water (1:1, v/v) and sample aliquots were analysed by hybrid linear ion trap-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with a runtime of 12.5 min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) as survey scan and an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan as dependent scan were performed in an information-dependent acquisition (IDA) experiment. Finally, drug identification and confirmation was carried out by library search with a developed in-house MS/MS library based on EPI spectra at a collision energy spread of 35±15 in positive mode and MRM ratios. The method was validated in urine, according to the criteria defined in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. At least two MRM transitions for each substance were monitored in addition to EPI spectra and deuterated analytes were used as internal standards for quantitation. The reporting level was 0.05 μg mL(-1) for the range of analytes tested. The regression coefficients (r(2)) for the calibration curves (0-4 μg mL(-1)) in the study were ≥0.98. The method proved to be simple and time efficient and was implemented as an analytical strategy for the illicit drug monitoring of opioids, cocaines and amphetamines in criminal samples from crime offenders, abusers or victims in the Republic of Ireland. To the best of our knowledge there are no hybrid LC-MS applications using MRM mode and product ion spectra in the linear ion trap mode for opioids, cocaines or amphetamines with validation data in urine.
authors.affiliation: The State Laboratory, Backweston Laboratory Complex, Young's Cross, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland. Geraldine.Dowling@statelab.ie
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nangle
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008691:Methadone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D009020:Morphine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D009020:Morphine; D003042:Cocaine; D008691:Methadone