title: Power of the process: evaluating the impact of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control negotiations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the impact of the FCTC negotiations on the diffusion of tobacco control policies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyzed country characteristics to determine their effects on the frequency, type and strength of tobacco control policies adopted among WHO Member States. Bivariate analyses were conducted for each characteristic to compare the frequency and strength of control policies adopted between pre-negotiation and negotiation periods. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive nature of these variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of policy adoption intensified during the years the FCTC negotiations were most intense. The strength of policies adopted also shifted significantly towards policies promoted by WHO. The average strength of policies adopted varied significantly according to country characteristics. All characteristics, with the exception of total and male smoking prevalence, were significantly associated with the number of policy types adopted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that investments in international legal processes can be effective, even when the outcomes are unclear from the start. The FCTC negotiation process coincided with a rise in domestic policy adoption in the direction advocated by WHO. However, there remains a need to improve outreach and diffusion to lower-income countries in tobacco control, as well as other areas of chronic disease control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA. hwipfli@usc.edu
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wipfli
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D014481:United States; D014944:World Health Organization