title: Presence and persistence of nutrition-related symptoms during the first year following esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction in clinically disease-free patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction results in a variety of postoperative nutrition-related symptoms that may influence the patient's nutritional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a 15-item questionnaire, focusing on the nutrition-related complaints the first year after an esophagectomy. The questionnaire was filled out the first week after discharge and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The use of enteral nutrition, meal size and frequency, social aspects related to eating, defecation pattern, and body weight were recorded at the same time points. We analyzed the relationship between the baseline characteristics and the number of nutrition-related symptoms, as well as the relationship between those symptoms and body weight with linear mixed models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no significant within-patient change for the total number of nutrition-related symptoms (P = 0.67). None of the baseline factors were identified as predictors of the complaint scores. The most frequently experienced complaints were early satiety, postprandial dumping syndrome, inhibited passage due to high viscosity, reflux, and absence of hunger. One year after surgery, meal sizes were still smaller, the social aspects of eating were influenced negatively, and patients experienced an altered stool frequency. Directly after the surgical procedure 78% of the patients lost weight, and the entire postoperative year the mean body weight remained lower (P = 0.47). We observed no association between the complaint scores and body weight (P = 0.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After an esophagectomy, most patients struggle with nutrition-related symptoms, are confronted with nutrition-related adjustments and a reduced body weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, The Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.b.haverkort@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Haverkort
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Binnekade
authors.forename: O R C
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: van Berge Henegouwen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001835:Body Weight; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires