title: J-curve revisited: An analysis of blood pressure and cardiovascular events in the Treating to New Targets (TNT) Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), a J-curve relationship has been reported between blood pressure (BP) and future cardiovascular events. However, this is controversial. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between on-treatment BP and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 10 001 patients with CAD and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level <130 mg/dL, randomized to atorvastatin 80 vs. 10 mg, enrolled in the TNT trial. The post-baseline, time-dependent BPs [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] were categorized into 10 mmHg increments. The primary outcome was a composite of death from coronary disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), resuscitated cardiac arrest, and fatal or non-fatal stroke. Among the 10 001 patients, 982 (9.82%) experienced a primary outcome at 4.9 years (median) of follow-up. The relationship between SBP or DBP and primary outcome followed a J-curve with increased event rates above and below the reference BP range, both unadjusted and adjusted (for baseline covariates, treatment effect, and LDL levels). A time-dependent, non-linear, multivariate Cox proportional hazard model identified a nadir of 146.3/81.4 mmHg where the event rate was lowest. A similar non-linear relationship with a higher risk of events at lower pressures was found for most of the secondary outcomes of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal MI, or angina. However, for the outcome of stroke, lower was better for SBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CAD, a low BP (<110-120/<60-70 mmHg) portends an increased risk of future cardiovascular events (except stroke).
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sripal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangalore
authors.forename: Franz H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Messerli
authors.forename: Chuan-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wun
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeMicco
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kostis
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: LaRosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin