title: Preventing disease through opportunistic, rapid engagement by primary care teams using behaviour change counselling (PRE-EMPT): protocol for a general practice-based cluster randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet are the key modifiable factors contributing to premature morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Brief interventions in health care consultations can be effective in changing single health behaviours. General Practice holds considerable potential for primary prevention through modifying patients' multiple risk behaviours, but feasible, acceptable and effective interventions are poorly developed, and uptake by practitioners is low. Through a process of theoretical development, modeling and exploratory trials, we have developed an intervention called Behaviour Change Counselling (BCC) derived from Motivational Interviewing (MI). This paper describes the protocol for an evaluation of a training intervention (the Talking Lifestyles Programme) which will enable practitioners to routinely use BCC during consultations for the above four risk behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cluster randomised controlled efficacy trial (RCT) will evaluate the outcomes and costs of this training intervention for General Practitioners (GPs) and nurses. Training methods will include: a practice-based seminar, online self-directed learning, and reflecting on video recorded and simulated consultations. The intervention will be evaluated in 29 practices in Wales, UK; two clinicians will take part (one GP and one nurse) from each practice. In intervention practices both clinicians will receive training. The aim is to recruit 2000 patients into the study with an expected 30% drop out. The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients making changes in one or more of the four behaviours at three months. Results will be compared for patients seeing clinicians trained in BCC with patients seeing non-BCC trained clinicians. Economic and process evaluations will also be conducted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opportunistic engagement by health professionals potentially represents a cost effective medical intervention. This study integrates an existing, innovative intervention method with an innovative training model to enable clinicians to routinely use BCC, providing them with new tools to encourage and support people to make healthier choices. This trial will evaluate effectiveness in primary care and determine costs of the intervention.
authors.affiliation: South East Wales Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK. spanouc@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Clio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spanou
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rollnick
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCambridge
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Randell
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Chris C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000193:education*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000193:education*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D012107:Research Design