title: Foot pain, plantar pressures, and falls in older people: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether foot pain and plantar pressure are associated with falls in community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based cohort study with 12-month prospective falls follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sydney and Illawarra statistical regions of New South Wales, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly recruited, community-dwelling adults (158 men and 154 women) aged 60 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index to establish baseline foot pain and dynamic plantar pressures. Participants were then classified as fallers (n=107) or nonfallers (n=196) based on their falls incidence over the following 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fallers had a significantly higher prevalence of foot pain than nonfallers (57.9% vs 42.1%; chi-square=4.0; P=.04). Fallers also generated a significantly higher peak pressure and pressure-time integral under the foot than non-fallers. In addition, individuals with foot pain had a significantly higher peak pressure and pressure-time integral under the foot than those without foot pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High plantar pressures generated during gait may contribute to foot pain and risk of falls. Providing interventions to older people with foot pain and high plantar pressures may play a role in reducing their falls risk.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. kmickle@uow.edu.au
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mickle
authors.forename: Bridget J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Hylton B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Menz
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011312:Pressure; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires