title: Heterodyne detection using a diffraction-free beam: background-noise effects.
abstract: The effect of using a diffraction-free beam in heterodyne detection in the presence of background noise is investigated. The theoretical model developed is then extended to include the effects of tilt and offset. The maximum tolerable background noise is identified for specific values of tilt and offset.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Iftekharuddin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karim