title: The quantitative detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus DNAs in recipient corneal buttons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We detected herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAs in recipient corneal buttons taken at the time of penetrating keratoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven corneal buttons were obtained from 27 patients (10 men and 17 women), 7 of whom had a history of HSV keratitis. Excised corneal buttons were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen in the operating theater and then stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. The detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV DNAs was carried out by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The genome copy numbers for the nested PCR-positive samples were subsequently quantified by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV DNAs were detected in 10, 1, 9, and 2 of the 27 recipient corneal buttons, respectively. HSV-1 or HSV-2 DNAs were also detected in 5 of 7 patients with a history of HSV keratitis. Both CMV-positive patients (patients 2 and 3) had ocular pemphigoid. Among the nested PCR-positive samples, 2 HSV-1, 1 HSV-2, 1 VZV, and 1 CMV sample could be quantified by real-time PCR. Copy numbers ranged from 19 to 928 copies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All 4 herpesviruses, including CMV, were detected in the corneal buttons. The relationship between CMV in the cornea and ocular diseases of the anterior segment should be further evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. h-kane@chive.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hisatoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishioka
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzutani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003315:Cornea / Q000821:virology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral