title: Coffee and tea intake and risk of brain tumors in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a recent US cohort study, total coffee and tea consumption was inversely associated with risk of glioma, and experimental studies showed that caffeine can slow the invasive growth of glioblastoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to examine the relation between coffee and tea intake and the risk of glioma and meningioma in a large European cohort study, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on coffee and tea intake were collected from men and women recruited into the EPIC cohort study. Over an average of 8.5 y of follow-up, 343 cases of glioma and 245 cases of meningioma were newly diagnosed in 9 countries. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the relation between coffee and tea and brain tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no associations between coffee, tea, or combined coffee and tea consumption and risk of either type of brain tumor when using quantiles based on country-specific distributions of intake. However, a significant inverse association was observed for glioma risk among those consuming ≥100 mL coffee and tea per day compared with those consuming <100 mL/d (hazard ratio: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.97; P = 0.03). The association was slightly stronger in men (hazard ratio: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.34, 1.01) than in women (hazard ratio: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.31), although neither was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large cohort study, we observed an inverse association between total coffee and tea consumption and risk of glioma that was consistent with the findings of a recent study. These findings, if further replicated in other studies, may provide new avenues of research on gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. dominique_michaud@brown.edu
authors.forename: Dominique S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlehofer
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Christina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dahm
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teucher
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukanova
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Madlen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Pagona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyrozis
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masala
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiello
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Martine M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Carla H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Gils
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Dagrun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engeset
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Maria-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Marcial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argüelles
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: Lena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Beatrice S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Melin
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Naomi E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D003069:Coffee; D028321:Plant Preparations; D013662:Tea