Self-efficacy, depression, and physical distress in males and females with cancer.
OBJECTIVE
to examine the relationship between self-efficacy with depression and physical distressing symptoms in males and females with cancer.


METHODS
a total of 41 males and 49 females with cancer completed the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), depression scale, from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-D), and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI).


RESULTS
correlations were found between depression and self-efficacy in males (r = -.501, P = .001) and females (r = -.588, P < .0005). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that education and depression could influence self-efficacy in male population. Urogenital versus breast cancer as well as depression seemed to influence females' self-efficacy.


CONCLUSIONS
patients who had higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms. Men with depressive symptoms and women with breast cancer and depression are more likely to have low self-efficacy than patients with other cancer types.
Mystakidou
Kyriaki
K
Pain Relief and Palliative Care Department, Areteion Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. mistakidou@yahoo.com
Parpa
Efi
E
Tsilika
Eleni
E
Gogou
Pinelopi
P
Panagiotou
Irene
I
Galanos
Antonis
A
Kouvaris
Ioannis
I
Gouliamos
Athanasios
A
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology