title: [Hypothermia as the cause of death in forensic pathology: autopsy study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The body cooling process goes through few clinical phases. These are followed by some morphological thanatological changes such as frost erythema and Wischnewsky's spots, which are used in diagnosis of death due to hypothermia. In such cases there is no any specific autopsy finding.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the frequency of hypothermia as the cause of death for a ten-year-period, and to analyze the sample according to gender and age, risk factors and autopsy findings of subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective autopsy study was performed for a ten-year-period (total of 12,765 forensic autopsies). The relevant data were collected from autopsy records, police reports and heteroanamnestic interviews. The sample was analyzed according to gender, age, scene of death, blood alcohol concentration, risk factors, and autopsy findings of all observed subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 67 subjects, 42 males and 25 females (chi2 = 4.31; p < 0.05), of average age 63.9 +/- 14.7 years (min=27, max=92; med=65, mod=55). Nineteen of subjects were found at in-door places. In 13 subjects blood alcohol concentration ranged from 0.50 to 3.32 promille (average 1.81 +/- 0.93). The younger the observed subject was, the higher the blood alcohol concentration (p = -0.251; p = 0.04). One third of the observed subjects were chronic alcohol abusers. Thirteen persons had psychiatric diseases. In 43 observed subjects the concomitant appearance of frost erythema and Wischniewsky's spots were established (chi2 = 49.59; df = 3; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the analyzed ten-year period hypothermia was not often the cause of death; it was disclosed only in 0.5% of the total number of the studied autopsies. The most of the deceased were older males with cardiovascular problems found in unprotected open-air places. The most frequent thanatological findings in the analyzed subjects were frost erythema and Wischnewsky's spots.
authors.forename: Slobodan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikolić
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zivković
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zivković
authors.forename: Fehim
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Juković
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D055815:Young Adult