title: Two-step biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil: optimization of modified β-zeolite catalyzed pre-treatment.
abstract: In this study, a two-step process was developed to produce biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum oil. Pre-treatment with phosphoric acid modified β-zeolite in acid catalyzed esterification process preceded by transesterification which was done using conventional alkali catalyst potassium hydroxide (KOH). The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the reaction temperatures, reaction time and methanol to oil molar ratio in the pre-treatment step. Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were utilized to determine the best operating condition for the pre-treatment step. Biodiesel produced by this process was tested for its fuel properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. College of Technology, Chennai 600025, India.
authors.forename: Vasanthakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: SathyaSelvabala
authors.forename: Dinesh Kirupha
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Jalagandeeswaran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalimuthu
authors.forename: Premkumar Manickam
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Periyaraman
authors.forename: Sivanesan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D029759:Calophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004951:Esterification; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D017641:Zeolites; C030242:phosphoric acid; D000432:Methanol