title: Glucose metabolism gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered glucose metabolism is the most common metabolic hallmark of malignancies. The authors tested the hypothesis that glucose metabolism gene variations affect clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 5 glucose metabolism genes in 154 patients with localized disease and validated the findings in 552 patients with different stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Association between genotypes and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for clinical predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucokinase (GCK) IVS1 + 9652C > T and hexokinase 2 (HK2) N692N homozygous variants were significantly associated with reduced OS in the training set of 154 patients (P < .001). These associations were confirmed in the validation set of 552 patients and in the combined dataset of all 706 patients (P ≤ .001). In addition, HK2 R844K variant K allele was associated with a better survival in the validation set and the combined dataset (P ≤ .001). When data were further analyzed by disease stage, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (GFPT1) IVS14-3094T>C, HK2 N692N and R844K in patients with localized disease and GCK IVS1 + 9652C>T in patients with advanced disease were significant independent predictors for OS (P ≤ .001). Haplotype CGG of GPI and GCTATGG of HK2 were associated with better OS, respectively, with P values of .004 and .007.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors demonstrated that glucose metabolism gene polymorphisms affect clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. These observations support a role of abnormal glucose metabolism in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 7703-4009, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoqun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose