title: Severe asthma and adherence to peak flow monitoring: longitudinal assessment of psychological aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence in severe asthma is a difficult health problem. Although psychosocial factors may be responsible for non-adherence, few longitudinal studies have investigated their link with adherence, with most studies having focused on pharmacology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with severe asthma were recruited. Adherence was electronically monitored using peak flow measurements at entry and after 1 year of follow-up. Eysenck's Personality Inventory, Rotter's Locus of Control (LOC), and health control beliefs were all studied. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) was used for risk calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, subjects with poor adherence had an external LOC (P=.001) and a high extraversion score (P=.003) compared to those with good adherence. The lie score was high in all patients. Nocturnal awakenings were highly significantly correlated with poor adherence (P=.006). After 1 year, patient adherence, extraversion, and neuroticism remained unchanged. The LOC changed in subjects with poor adherence, showing a less "external" orientation (P=.007). The health parameters were better at the end of the study. By MLR analysis, externality, extraversion, and low social desirability were associated with poor adherence. Patients with poor adherence had a greater probability of nocturnal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No specific personality type was associated with lack of adherence in the present study, but a high extraversion score, a low social desirability score, and a high level of externality were all predictors of poor adherence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU of Montpellier, France; Psychology Department, University of Montpellier, France. l-halimi@chu-montpellier.fr
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halimi
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pry
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pithon
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Godard
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varrin
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D010551:Personality; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires