title: Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with end-stage renal failure and in subjects without kidney disease: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with end-stage renal disease treated with chronic hemodialysis (HD) are reported to have low levels of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma and cell membranes compared with healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether n-3 PUFA levels in plasma and cells are lower in HD patients as compared with subjects without kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative study was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out at the Departments of Nephrology and Cardiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consisted of 2 study populations comprising HD patients and 5 study populations comprising subjects without kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fatty acid distribution in plasma phospholipids and platelet phospholipids was measured using gas chromatography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in plasma or serum phospholipids and platelet phospholipids in HD patients were compared with n-3 PUFA levels in subjects without kidney disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPA and DHA were lower and AA/EPA was higher in plasma/serum phospholipids in HD patients than in subjects without kidney disease. Similarly, higher AA and AA/EPA and lower EPA and DHA levels were found in platelet phospholipids of HD patients. Adjustment for gender, age, and habitual intake of fish and fish oil supplements did not change these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HD patients have lower n-3 PUFA levels in plasma and cells compared with subjects without kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. trine.madsen@rn.dk
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Jeppe H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: My
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Petra M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Egon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D003718:Denmark; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D010743:Phospholipids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid