title: Radiographic assessment of photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive treatment on induced periodontitis in immunosuppressed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess radiographically the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP) on induced periodontitis in dexamethasone-induced immunosuppressed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into 2 groups: ND group (n=60): saline treatment; D group (n=60): dexamethasone treatment. In both ND and D groups, periodontal disease was induced by the placement of a ligature in the left first mandibular molar. After 7 days, ligature was removed and all animals received SRP, being divided according to the following treatments: SRP: saline and PDT: phenothiazinium dye (TBO) plus laser irradiation. Ten animals per treatment were killed at 7, 15 and 30 days. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the height of the alveolar bone crest in the mesial surface of the mandibular left first molars was determined in millimeters in each radiograph. he radiographic values were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at a p value <0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intragroup radiographic assessment (ND and D groups) showed that there was statistically significant less bone loss in the animals treated with PDT in all experimental periods compared to those submitted to SRP. Intergroup radiographic analysis (ND and D groups) demonstrated that there was greater bone loss in the ND group treated with SRP compared to the D group treated with PDT at 7 and 30 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT was an effective adjunctive treatment to SRP on induced periodontitis in dexamethasone-induced immunosuppressed rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. leandroataunesp@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Leandro Araújo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Thiago Marchi
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Juliano Milanezi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Letícia Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Theodoro
authors.forename: Valdir Gouveia
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000009:adverse effects; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016745:Root Planing; D013997:Time Factors; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D003907:Dexamethasone