title: Technical refinement of ultrasound-guided transoral resection of parapharyngeal/retropharyngeal thyroid carcinoma metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transoral approach to the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space (PPS/RPS) for the management of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) has been previously described in other articles. However, limited exposure with this approach can be a challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective review of 6 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided transoral excision of PPS/RPS WDTC metastases from October 2003 to March 2009 in a cancer center setting. Ultrasound-guided methylene blue dye injection of the node was used in 3 patients to facilitate intraoperative identification. The technique, safety, and feasibility of the procedure are described in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful resection of the metastases was accomplished in all cases without intraoperative complication. The 1 definite recurrence was further treated with transmandibular excision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transoral excision of PPS/RPS WDTC metastases with ultrasound-guided methylene blue dye injection into the metastatic node is safe, feasible, and may further improve intraoperative identification of metastases in poorly accessible locations in the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clayman
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edeiken
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kupferman
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue