title: Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ([¹H]MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in identifying prostate cancer foci in patients with negative biopsy and high levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in detecting tumour foci in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and negative transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomised trial was conducted on 150 patients who underwent [¹H]MRSI and DCE-MRI and targeted biopsies of suspicious areas on MRI associated with random biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the second biopsy, the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma was made in 64/150 cases. On a per-patient basis, MRSI had 82.8% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity, 88.3% positive predictive value (PPV), 87.8% negative predictive value (NPV) and 85.7% diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy for DCE-MRI was 76.5%, 89.5%, 84.5%, 83.7% and 82%, respectively. The combination of MRSI and DCE-MRI yielded 93.7% sensitivity, 90.7% specificity, 88.2% PPV, 95.1% NPV and 90.9% accuracy in detecting prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined study with [¹H]MRSI and DCE-MRI showed promising results in guiding the biopsy of cancer foci in patients with an initial negative TRUS-guided biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiologial Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, University Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, Italy. valeria.panebianco@gmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panebianco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciarra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciccariello
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cattarino
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passariello
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen