title: Anti-inflammatory principles of Suregada multiflora against nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 releases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The stem bark of Suregada multiflora and the isolated compounds were carried out to investigate for anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stem bark of Suregada multiflora and its isolated compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostraglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) releases in RAW264.7 cells as well as the anti-inflammatory mechanism on mRNA expression of the active compound (5, helioscopinolide A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract of Suregada multiflora possessed potent NO inhibitory effect with an IC(50) value of 8.6 μg/ml. Among the isolated compounds, helioscopinolide A (5) exhibited the highest activity against NO release with an IC(50) value of 9.1 μM, followed by helioscopinolide C (6) and suremulol D (2) with IC(50) values of 24.5 and 29.3 μM, respectively. The IC(50) value of 5 against PGE(2) production was found to be 46.3 μM. The mechanism in transcriptional level of compound 5 was found to inhibit iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expressions in dose-dependent manners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study may support the traditional use of Suregada multiflora stem bark for treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. supinyat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Supinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewtrakul
authors.forename: Sanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subhadhirasakul
authors.forename: Sarot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheenpracha
authors.forename: Orapun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yodsaoue
authors.forename: Chanita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponglimanont
authors.forename: Chatchanok
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karalai
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029843:Suregada
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C487257:helioscopinolide A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone