title: Prevalence of prostate cancer among men aged 40+ living in Osman Gazi health care district.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate cancer is a risk for men aged 40+ even if it is rarely seen among men under the age of 50. It is asymptomatic disease in its early period and if the person does not have an enlarged prostate it will be overlooked without screening. Consequently, the only way to diagnose prostate cancer in its early period is to determine the serum PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level of men aged 40+ and to do a digital rectal examination (DRE).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of prostate cancer among men aged 40+, to mention the significance of DRE and PSA by means of a training to be done with the aid of a booklet about early diagnosis, and to encourage men to consult a doctor and get the right treatment at the right time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was a descriptive field study. carried out among 660 men aged 40+ out of 3,285 men who live in Osman Gazi Health Care District, connected with the Presidency of Training and Research Health Group of Bornova. This group was selected as the smallest sample size by the systematic sampling method within the frame of setting the prevalence of prostate cancer at 10%, the confidence interval as 95%, the standard error as 2%. A total of 264 men of the sample group (participation rate 40%) agreed to a survey of International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) projected by the study, and underwent DRE and PSA with a blood sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase in the serum PSA level (4 ng/mL<) was determined in 10 men. Nodules were detected in 3 men together with the increase in PSA. One further nodule was detected only in DRE one examination of 12 participants. In the light of these data, it was decided to conduct a biopsy on 25 people, who had an increase in PSE and/or whose abnormalities were detected during DRE, in company with TRUS, and prostate cancer was detected in the biopsies of 5 people (1.89%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be thought that before a decision is made on routinizing prostate cancer screening, it may be more suitable to make randomized controlled screening trials for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Midwifery Department, Izmir Atatürk School of Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir Turkey.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çeber
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Şimşir
authors.forename: Dilek Çakır
authors.initials: DÇ
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Ali Osman
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Karababa
authors.forename: Gürhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Günaydın
authors.forename: Çağ
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Çal
authors.forename: Gülsün
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Özentürk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012931:Social Environment; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen