title: Clarifying work-family intervention processes: the roles of work-family conflict and family-supportive supervisor behaviors.
abstract: Drawing on a conceptual model integrating research on training, work–family interventions, and social support, we conducted a quasi-experimental field study to assess the impact of a supervisor training and self-monitoring intervention designed to increase supervisors' use of family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Pre- and postintervention surveys were completed, 9 months apart, by 239 employees at 6 intervention (N = 117) and 6 control (N = 122) grocery store sites. Thirty-nine supervisors in the 6 intervention sites received the training consisting of 1 hr of self-paced computer-based training, 1 hr of face-to-face group training, followed by instructions for behavioral self-monitoring (recording the frequency of supportive behaviors) to facilitate on-the-job transfer. Results demonstrated a disordinal interaction for the effect of training and family-to-work conflict on employee job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and physical health. In particular, for these outcomes, positive training effects were observed for employees with high family-to-work conflict, whereas negative training effects were observed for employees with low family-to-work conflict. These moderation effects were mediated by the interactive effect of training and family-to-work conflict on employee perceptions of family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Implications of our findings for future work–family intervention development and evaluation are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA. hammerl@pdx.edu
authors.forename: Leslie B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Ellen Ernst
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kossek
authors.forename: W Kent
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Anger
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bodner
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D054541:Family Conflict; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009934:Organization and Administration; D010559:Personnel Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D012944:Social Support; D013663:Teaching; D014481:United States