title: Determinants of periodontopathogens in microbiological monitoring of diabetic patients with periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and analyze the frequency of periodontopathogens in microbiological monitoring of diabetic patients with periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 352 diabetic patients with periodontitis who were registered at Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Naval Base Hospital, and Sultan Bin Adulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from July 2004 to August 2008. Microbiological analysis comprised the detection of Bacteroides forsythus (Bf), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) by polymerase chain reaction method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 54.4 +/- 0.67 (range: 21-80 years). There were 214 (61%) males and 138 (39%) females. Among the study population, 36 (10%) had type 1, and 316 (90%) patients had type 2 diabetes. The results showed that 55.6% of patients had Bf, 51.7% had Aa, 63.7% had Pg, and 6.1% had Pi. The frequencies of periodontopathogens were higher in males than females in all age groups. The risk of periodontopathogens Bf were found higher level in 41-50 age group, Aa in 51-60, Pg in 51-60, and Pi in 31-40 age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that the frequencies of periodontal pathogens Bf, Aa, and Pg were higher than Pi in diabetic patients with periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Medical Affairs, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Asirvatham A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Marwan D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rass
authors.forename: Khalid H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Al-Zoman
authors.forename: Abdulaziz M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Sohail
authors.forename: Abdulaziz S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alsuwyed
authors.forename: Sebastian G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ciancio
authors.forename: Sultan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Mubarak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000378:metabolism; D001442:Bacteroides Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult