title: Combination of high-fluoride toothpaste and no post-brushing water rinsing on enamel demineralization using an in-situ caries model with orthodontic bands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects on enamel demineralization and fluoride (F) retention of two different brushing–rinsing regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in-situ caries model with orthodontic bands was used for 8–9 weeks. A total of 20 orthodontic patients participated. They were randomized into two groups: (1) a test group using 5000 ppm F (n = 10) with no post-brushing water rinsing; and (2) a control group using 1450 ppm F (n = 10) with three sessions of post-brushing water rinsing. Orthodontic stainless-steel bands were applied to the two upper first premolars, leaving 2–3 mm of space away from the exposed buccal surface in order to accumulate plaque and provoke initial caries development. The teeth were extracted after 8 and 9 weeks, then analysed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Additionally, oral F retention was compared for the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the control group, the test regimen resulted in a non-significant smaller QLF lesion area and a significantly lower average QLF loss of fluorescence (P < 0.05). The highest F retention concentration under the band was found in the test group (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of using a 5000 ppm F toothpaste and no post-brushing water rinsing had a greater anti-caries potential and resulted in elevated oral F retention compared to a 1450 ppm F toothpaste with three sessions of post-brushing water rinsing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Mulla
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kharsa
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kjellberg
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014100:Toothpastes; D014867:Water; D012969:Sodium Fluoride