title: Nasal turbinate enlargement due to cartilage and bone proliferation: a normal developmental finding in young ferrets.
abstract: Toxicity studies of intranasally administered, live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates conducted in male and female ferrets led to the microscopic observation of individual differences in the size of nasal turbinates, especially in the dorsal aspect of the nasal cavity. The association of these enlarged turbinates with acute to subacute inflammation, which is sometimes common in ferrets given live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates, led to this detailed microscopic evaluation of turbinate enlargement (cartilaginous and osseous thickening, or COT) in control animals dosed intranasally with saline. Results of this evaluation led to the conclusion that COT is a normal developmental feature of growing ferrets, irrespective of inflammation in nasal tissues or inflammatory exudate in the nasal cavity.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc Sterling, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dyke
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kemble
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leininger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets / Q000254:growth & development*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000473:pathology; D014420:Turbinates / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology