title: Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in children after early maternal caries prevention: a follow-up at eleven and fifteen years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of early maternal caries prevention in children was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-time mothers selected on the basis of a high level of salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and mothers excluded at screening due to a low level of MS ('low') were recalled when their children were 11 years old. The salivary MS level was determined in the mothers. Their children were examined for salivary MS and lesion prevalence (decayed and filled surfaces, DFS) at the ages of 11 and 15 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More 'high control' mothers displayed ≥10⁶ MS than the 'high interventional' and 'low control' mothers and, vice versa, more 'interventional' and 'low control' mothers had MS counts of <3 × 10⁵ than 'high control' mothers. More of 'interventional' and 'low control' children had <10⁵ MS/ml as compared with the 'high control' children. All the 'high control' children had detectable MS. MS were undetected in 5 'interventional' and 5 'low control' children at 15 years. Significantly fewer 'high control' than 'interventional' and 'low control' children were caries free at 11 and 15 years of age. Non-MS-colonised children at 3 years of age, irrespective of group identity, displayed statistically lower MS counts and less DFS at 15 years than those colonised at 3 years of age. Children with clinical caries/fillings at 15 years had had a significantly higher level of MS at 11 years of age than those without clinical caries/fillings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical trial, focusing on the mothers, resulted in long-term benefits for their children. Children colonised by MS at an early stage developed more caries than those colonised at a later stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Public Dental Health Service of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden. kohler@odontologi.gu.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andréen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009035:Mothers; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D005459:Fluorides; D002710:Chlorhexidine