title: Elucidation of seventeen human peripheral blood B-cell subsets and quantification of the tetanus response using a density-based method for the automated identification of cell populations in multidimensional flow cytometry data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) now allow for the independent detection of larger numbers of fluorochromes on individual cells, generating data with increasingly higher dimensionality. The increased complexity of these data has made it difficult to identify cell populations from high-dimensional FCM data using traditional manual gating strategies based on single-color or two-color displays.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this challenge, we developed a novel program, FLOCK (FLOw Clustering without K), that uses a density-based clustering approach to algorithmically identify biologically relevant cell populations from multiple samples in an unbiased fashion, thereby eliminating operator-dependent variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FLOCK was used to objectively identify seventeen distinct B-cell subsets in a human peripheral blood sample and to identify and quantify novel plasmablast subsets responding transiently to tetanus and other vaccinations in peripheral blood. FLOCK has been implemented in the publically available Immunology Database and Analysis Portal-ImmPort (http://www.immport.org)-for open use by the immunology research community.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLOCK is able to identify cell subsets in experiments that use multiparameter FCM through an objective, automated computational approach. The use of algorithms like FLOCK for FCM data analysis obviates the need for subjective and labor-intensive manual gating to identify and quantify cell subsets. Novel populations identified by these computational approaches can serve as hypotheses for further experimental study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Chungwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eun-Hyung Lee
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halliley
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Y Megan
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sadat
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Seegmiller
authors.forename: Nitin J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Karandikar
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tipton
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mosmann
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Scheuermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine