title: Cellular and molecular Ca2+ microdomains in olfactory cilia support low signaling amplification of odor transduction.
abstract: Signal transduction depends critically on the spatial localization of protein constituents. A key question in odor transduction is whether chemotransduction proteins organize into discrete molecular complexes throughout olfactory cilia or distribute homogeneously along the ciliary membrane. Our recordings of Ca(2+) changes in individual cilia with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, by the use of two-photon microscopy, provide solid evidence for Ca(2+) microdomains (transducisomes). Dissociated frog olfactory neurons were preloaded with caged-cAMP and fluo-4 acetoxymethyl ester probe Ca(2+) indicator. Ca(2+) influx through cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels was evoked by uniformly photoreleasing cAMP, while ciliary Ca(2+) was measured. Discrete fluorescence events were clearly resolved. Events were missing in the absence of external Ca(2+) , consistent with the absence of internal Ca(2+) sources. Fluorescence events at individual microdomains resembled single-CNG channel fluctuations in shape, mean duration and kinetics, indicating that transducisomes typically contain one to three CNG channels. Inhibiting the Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchanger or the Ca(2+) -ATPase prolonged the decay of evoked intraciliary Ca(2+) transients, supporting the participation of both transporters in ciliary Ca(2+) clearance, and suggesting that both molecules localize close to the CNG channel. Chemosensory transducisomes provide a physical basis for the low amplification and for the linearity of odor responses at low odor concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Las Palmeras 3525, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bacigalupo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011894:Rana pipiens