title: Myocardial infarction in rats causes partial impairment in insulin response associated with reduced fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial gene expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocardial infarction leads to contractile dysfunction. In patients with diabetes, impaired contractility has been associated with the loss of insulin effects and mitochondrial dysfunction. We assessed cardiac insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial and contractile function in rats after ligation of the left coronary artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 2 weeks after left coronary artery ligation, we performed echocardiography in vivo and assessed the substrate use and insulin response in the isolated working heart and the regulation of insulin (Akt, glucose transporter type 4) and mitochondrial signaling (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A) using polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infarcted hearts were dilated and had a reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction < 50%). The basal glucose oxidation was preserved, but the fatty acid oxidation was significantly reduced. Insulin's effect on substrate oxidation was significantly impaired for both the decrease in fatty acid oxidation and the increase in glucose oxidation. However, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was normal in the infarcted hearts, consistent with normal insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and unchanged mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4. The impaired oxidative response to insulin was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the genes regulating fatty acid oxidation (long-chain-acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) and mitochondrial biogenesis (mitochondrial transcription factor A). Although mRNA expression of the mitochondrial master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α was normal in the infarcted hearts, the protein expression of its post-transcriptional activator, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, was significantly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial infarction in rats caused partial insulin resistance at the level of substrate oxidation, which was associated with mitochondrial and cardiac contractile dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction was characterized by a reduced capacity to oxidize fatty acids and might have resulted from impaired mitochondrial biogenesis through the lack of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Paulo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: T Dung
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Yasushige
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shingu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrepper
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doenst
mesh_terms: D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000235:genetics; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014463:Ultrasonography; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C501429:Ppargc1a protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; C489030:Tfam protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases