title: Pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient of the primary lesion correlates with local failure in head-and-neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of a primary lesion correlates with local failure in primary head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 38 patients with primary HNSCC (12 oropharynx, 20 hypopharynx, 4 larynx, 2 oral cavity) treated with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy with radiation dose to gross tumor volume equal to or over 60 Gy and who underwent pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging, including diffusion-weighted imaging. Ten patients developed local failure during follow-up periods of 2.0 to 9.3 months, and the remaining 28 showed local control during follow-up periods of 10.5 to 31.7 months. The variables that could affect local failure (age, tumor volume, ADC, T stage, N stage, dose, treatment method, tumor location, and overall treatment time) were analyzed using logistic regression analyses for all 38 patients and for 17 patients with Stage T3 or T4 disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate logistic analysis for all 38 cases, tumor volume, ADC, T stage, and treatment method showed significant (p < 0.05) associations with local failure. In multivariate analysis, ADC and T stage revealed significance (p < 0.01). In univariate logistic analysis for the 17 patients with Stage T3 or T4 disease, ADC and dose showed significant (p < 0.01) associations with local failure. In multivariate analysis, ADC alone showed significance (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that pretreatment ADC, along with T stage, is a potential indicator of local failure in HNSCC treated with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan. mhatake@radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakenaka
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hidetake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yabuuchi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shioyama
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Shunya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunami
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamitani
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
authors.forename: Torahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012372:ROC Curve; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden