title: Neuroendoscopic evacuation of intraventricular hematoma associated with thalamic hemorrhage to shorten the duration of external ventricular drainage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report neuroendoscopic evacuation of an intraventricular hematoma (IVH) in 13 patients with thalamic hemorrhage. We discuss strategies to improve the outcome and to shorten the management period by using external ventricular drainage (EVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were classified into fair (modified Rankin scale [mRS] grade 4 or less) and poor (mRS grade 5) outcome groups, and depending on the duration of EVD, into short (7 days or shorter) and long EVD (8 days or longer) groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative residual IVH, graded using the Graeb score, was better for the fair outcome group than for the poor outcome group (3.9 [1.2] vs. 5.7 [1.0], P < 0.05). The postoperative Graeb score was significantly better for the short EVD group than for the long EVD group (3.6 [0.8] vs. 6.0 [0.6], P < 0.01). The duration of EVD was not correlated with the IVH at the fourth ventricle, but it was correlated with the IVH at the foramen of Monro (P < 0.05) and the third ventricle (P < 0.01). Reduction in the volume of thalamic hemorrhage had no effect on the neurological outcome or duration of EVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroendoscopic evacuation of the IVH at the foramen of Monro and the third ventricle shortened the duration of EVD for hydrocephalus caused by thalamic hemorrhage with IVH involvement. Removal of the thalamic hemorrhage and IVH at the fourth ventricle was not necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan, Consortium of Advanced Epilepsy Treatment, Kushu Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadahiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirao
authors.forename: Mizuya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinoyama
authors.forename: Michiyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki