title: A survey of phytotoxic microbial and plant metabolites as potential natural products for pest management.
abstract: Phytotoxic microbial metabolites produced by certain phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, and a group of phytotoxic plant metabolites including Amaryllidacea alkaloids and some derivatives of these compounds were evaluated for algicide, bactericide, insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide activities in order to discover natural compounds for potential use in the management and control of several important agricultural and household structural pests. Among the various compounds evaluated: i) ophiobolin A was found to be the most promising for potential use as a selective algicide; ii) ungeremine was discovered to be bactericidal against certain species of fish pathogenic bacteria; iii) cycasin caused significant mortality in termites; iv) cavoxin, ophiobolin A, and sphaeropsidin A were most active towards species of plant pathogenic fungi; and v) lycorine and some of its analogues (1-O-acetyllycorine and lycorine chlorohydrate) were highly phytotoxic in the herbicide bioassay. Our results further demonstrated that plants and microbes can provide a diverse and natural source of compounds with potential use as pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andolfi
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cantrell
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: Stephen O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: Weste
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Osbrink
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wedge
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evidente
mesh_terms: D031703:Agrostis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002397:Catfishes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D020610:Edwardsiella ictaluri / Q000187:drug effects; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005417:Flavobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D020049:Isoptera / Q000187:drug effects; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D010575:Pesticides