title: Clinicopathological evaluation of duodenal well-differentiated endocrine tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinicopathological characteristics of duodenal well-differentiated endocrine tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined clinicopathological characteristics in 11 consecutive patients with duodenal well-differentiated endocrine tumors treated by endoscopic therapy or surgery in our hospital from 1992 through 2007. Patients with well-differentiated endocrine tumors of the papilla of Vater or with gastrinoma were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients received endoscopic treatment, and 8 underwent surgery. In patients who received endoscopic treatment, the tumor diameter was less than 1.0 cm, with no histopathological evidence of lymphovascular invasion or invasion of the muscularis. There were no complications such as late bleeding or perforation after treatment. Among 8 patients with tumors less than 1.0 cm in diameter, 3 underwent partial resection, and 2 underwent radical surgery. Three patients had lymphovascular invasion, 1 had invasion of the muscularis, and 1 had proximal lymph node metastasis. Among 3 patients with tumors 1.0 cm or more in diameter, 1 underwent partial resection, and 2 underwent radical surgery. One patient had lymphovascular invasion, with no lymph node metastasis. After treatment, all patients are alive and have remained free of metastasis and recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duodenal well-differentiated endocrine tumors less than 1.0 cm in diameter have a risk of lymphovascular invasion, invasion of the muscularis, and lymph node metastasis, irrespective of procedural problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, 2-1-1 Asamizodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan. k.ishido@kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishido
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Chikatoshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katada
authors.forename: Mizutomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naruke
authors.forename: Wasaburo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness