title: An endovascular canine middle cerebral artery occlusion model for the study of leptomeningeal collateral recruitment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work aimed to refine a large animal in minimally invasive reversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO) model to account for leptomeningeal collateral formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An angiographically based methodology allowed for transient MCA and carotid terminus occlusion in 12 mongrel dogs and assessment of pial collateral recruitment. Outcome measures included 1- and 24-hour magnetic resonance imaging-based infarct volume calculation, a behavioral scale and histopathologic sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCAO succeeded in 8 of 12 dogs (67% efficiency). One-hour postreperfusion infarct volume predicted 24-hour postreperfusion infarct volume (r = 0.997, P < 0.0001). Pial collateral recruitment varied with time and reproducibly assessed predicted infarct volume on 1-hour postreperfusion mean diffusivity maps (P < 0.0001; r = 0.946) and 24-hour fluid-attenuated inversion recovery FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (P = 0.0033; r = 0.961). The canine stroke scale score correlated with infarct volumes and pial collateral score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This canine MCAO model produces defined cerebral infarct lesions whose volumes correlate with leptomeningeal collateral formation and canine behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. gchristoforidis@radiology.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Christoforidis
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Marinos S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kontzialis
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abduljalil
authors.forename: Valerie K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bergdall
authors.forename: Sashwati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Slivka
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: Chandan K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine