title: CD4-positive T-helper cell responses to the PASD1 protein in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vaccine development targeting the novel immunogenic Per ARNT Sim Domain containing 1 (PASD1) cancer testis antigen represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the significant number of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who are refractory to conventional treatment. Since CD4-positive T helper cells have crucial roles in promoting and maintaining immune responses to tumor antigens, the presence of a CD4-positive T-helper immune response to the PASD1 antigen in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was investigated in the current study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (25 with de novo, five with transformed and one with T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma) were studied. Five immunogenic PASD1 peptides predicted to bind to several major histocompatibiliy complex, class II DR beta 1 alleles were identified using web-based algorithms. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients were used to investigate the immunogenicity of these DR beta 1-restricted peptides in vitro using both gamma-interferon release enzyme-linked immunospot and cytolytic assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of the five PASD1 peptides, PASD1(6) and PASD1(7), were shown to be immunogenic in 14 out of 32 patients studied in a gamma-interferon release assay. CD4-positive T-helper cell lines from two patients raised against PASD1 peptides were able to lyse cell lines derived from hematologic malignancies expressing endogenous PASD1 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of a CD4-positive T-helper response to the PASD1 protein in patients with lymphoma. The immunogenic peptides described here represent valuable additional candidates for inclusion in a vaccine to treat patients with PASD1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma whose disease is refractory to conventional therapies.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ait-Tahar
authors.forename: Amanda P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Liggins
authors.forename: Graham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnardo
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabes
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lawrie
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Banham
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pulford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; C515845:PASD1 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments