An endovascular canine middle cerebral artery occlusion model for the study of leptomeningeal collateral recruitment.
OBJECTIVE
This work aimed to refine a large animal in minimally invasive reversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO) model to account for leptomeningeal collateral formation.


METHODS
An angiographically based methodology allowed for transient MCA and carotid terminus occlusion in 12 mongrel dogs and assessment of pial collateral recruitment. Outcome measures included 1- and 24-hour magnetic resonance imaging-based infarct volume calculation, a behavioral scale and histopathologic sections.


RESULTS
MCAO succeeded in 8 of 12 dogs (67% efficiency). One-hour postreperfusion infarct volume predicted 24-hour postreperfusion infarct volume (r = 0.997, P < 0.0001). Pial collateral recruitment varied with time and reproducibly assessed predicted infarct volume on 1-hour postreperfusion mean diffusivity maps (P < 0.0001; r = 0.946) and 24-hour fluid-attenuated inversion recovery FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (P = 0.0033; r = 0.961). The canine stroke scale score correlated with infarct volumes and pial collateral score.


CONCLUSIONS
This canine MCAO model produces defined cerebral infarct lesions whose volumes correlate with leptomeningeal collateral formation and canine behavior.
Christoforidis
Gregory A
GA
Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. gchristoforidis@radiology.bsd.uchicago.edu
Rink
Cameron
C
Kontzialis
Marinos S
MS
Mohammad
Yousef
Y
Koch
Regina M
RM
Abduljalil
Amir M
AM
Bergdall
Valerie K
VK
Roy
Sashwati
S
Khanna
Savita
S
Slivka
Andrew P
AP
Knopp
Michael V
MV
Sen
Chandan K
CK
D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine