High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a master regulator of innate immunity.
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) comprise intracellular molecules characterized by the ability to reach the extracellular environment, where they prompt inflammation and tissue repair. The high-mobility box group 1 (HMGB1) protein is a prototypic DAMP and is highly conserved in evolution. HMGB1 is released upon cell and tissue necrosis and is actively produced by immune cells. Evidence suggests that HMGB1 acts as a key molecule of innate immunity, downstream of persistent tissue injury, orchestrating inflammation, stem cell recruitment/activation, and eventual tissue remodeling.
Castiglioni
Alessandra
A
Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, DIBIT-3A1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Canti
Valentina
V
Rovere-Querini
Patrizia
P
Manfredi
Angelo A
AA
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011485:Protein Binding
D024243:HMGB1 Protein