title: The 'carry-over' effects of patient self-testing: positive effects on usual care management by an anticoagulation management service.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient self-testing (PST) of the international normalised ratio (INR) has a positive effect on anticoagulation control. This study investigated whether the benefits of PST (other than increased frequency of testing, e.g. patient education, empowerment, compliance etc.) could be 'carried-over' into usual care management after a period of home-testing has ceased.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients that completed a six month period of PST (as part of a randomised controlled trial) but returned to clinic management when the trial ended were included in the study. The primary outcome variable was the difference in anticoagulation control (measured using the time in therapeutic range) between the two periods. A group of patients who were managed solely by the anticoagulation clinic served as the control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in median time in therapeutic range (TTR) between the 52 patients during clinic management post-PST and the six month period of PST (75% vs 75.3%; p=0.061). Patients tested more frequently while home-testing compared with the subsequent six month period of clinic management (once every 5.6±0.7days compared with once every 23.2±7.4days; p=0.000). Patients with previous experience of PST performed significantly better than the control group of patients (n=107) that were managed solely by the anticoagulation clinic (75% vs 59.7%; p=0.009) despite less frequent monitoring of the INR (every 23.2±7.4days vs. 17.4±6.7days; p=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improvements in anticoagulation control observed during a period of PST can be sustained when patients cease home-testing and revert back to usual care management.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011517:Prothrombin Time / Q000379:methods; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin