title: [Analgesics in orthopedics].
abstract: Pain is a symptom associated with alterations of the musculoskeletal system and frequently needs to be treated by the orthopedist. The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanisms involved in the pain sensation and the various treatments that have been applied in orthopedics to control pain. Since it is known that the analgesic response is not the same in all patients, aspects that affect the pain sensation were assessed, such as the placebo effect, patients sex and genomic factors. The treatment varieties analyzed included drug therapy, considering the drugs, their pharmaceutical presentations and the route of administration most frequently used in orthopedics; and acupuncture, which has proven to be effective in special cases.
authors.affiliation: Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Dpto. Postgrado e Investigación. cv_villanueva@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cleva
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Padilla Eleazar
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lara
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia; D000698:Analgesia; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics