title: Insomnia symptoms and daytime function in stable heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate insomnia symptoms and the extent to which they are associated with clinical and demographic patient characteristics, daytime symptoms, and functional performance in patients with stable heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five structured HF disease management programs in the Northeastern U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  173 stable chronic HF patients
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Full polysomnography was obtained for one night in participants' homes. Participants completed the six-minute walk test, Medical Outcomes Study SF-36, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale, Centers for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale, and questionnaire items eliciting insomnia symptoms (self-reported difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep and waking too early in the morning). Over half of HF patients reported insomnia symptoms. These were associated with increased daytime symptoms (depression, fatigue), excessive daytime sleepiness, and functional performance in models that statistically controlled for clinical and demographic covariates. These relationships were not explained by sleep disordered breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insomnia symptoms are common in patients with stable heart failure and are associated with daytime symptoms and decrements in functional performance.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA. Nancy.redeker@yale.edu
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Redeker
authors.forename: Sangchoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Muench
authors.forename: Della
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walsleben
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology