title: The effect of sporting events on emergency department attendance rates in a district general hospital in Northern Ireland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported a conflicting relationship between the effect of live and televised sporting events on attendance rates to emergency departments (ED). The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship of major sporting events on emergency department attendance rates and to determine the potential effects of such events on service provision.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of ED attendances to a district general hospital (DGH) and subsequent admissions over a 24-h period following live and televised sporting activities was performed over a 5-year period. Data were compiled from the hospital's emergency record books including the number of attendances, patient demographics, clinical complaint and outcome. Review patients were excluded. Analysis of sporting events was compiled for live local, regional and national events as well as world-wide televised sporting broadcasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 137,668 (80,445 men) patients attended from April 2002 to July 2007. Mean attendance rate per day was 80 patients (men = 47). Mean admission rate was 13.6 patients per day. Major sporting events during the study period included; Soccer: 4 FA Cup and 1 World Cup (WC) finals; Rugby: 47 Six Nations, 25 Six nations games involving Ireland, 1 WC final, 2 WC semi-finals, 2 WC quarter-finals and 4 WC games involving Ireland; and Gaelic Football [Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)]: 5 All-Ireland finals, 11 semi-finals, 11 quarter-finals and 5 provincial finals. There was a significantly higher patient admission rate during the soccer FA Cup final, Rugby Six Nations and games involving Ireland and for GAA semi- and quarter-final games (p = 0.001-0.01). There was no difference identified in total attendance or non-admission rates for sporting events throughout the study period. Although there was no correlation identified between any of these sporting events and total emergency department attendances (r < 0.15, p > 0.07), multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that FA Cup final (p = 0.001), Rugby Six Nations (p = 0.019), Rugby WC games involving Ireland (p = 0.003), GAA All-Ireland semi- and quarter-finals (p = 0.016; p = 0.016) were predictors of patient admission rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that live or televised sporting events do not significantly affect ED attendances to a DGH. However, some events appeared to be predictors of patient admission rates. Although it may be beneficial to consider the effect of sporting events on service stratification during these periods, the overall effect is probably minimal and should not create a major concern for future service provision despite the implementation of the European Working Time Directive.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, UKSport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute and University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UKFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGreevy
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, UKSport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute and University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UKFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, UKSport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute and University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UKFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, UKSport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute and University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UKFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, UKSport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute and University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UKFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, UKSport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute and University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UKFaculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005538:Football / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006767:Hospitals, District / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009660:Northern Ireland; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012916:Soccer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016526:Workload