title: The efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis in defining the lateral border between a tumor and a tumor-free area during Mohs micrographic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is a preoperative procedure that simplifies Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) by allowing more accurate demarcation of neoplastic lesions involving the skin. After topical application of aminolevulinic acid (ALA), protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is selectively induced in neoplastic cells with a high tumor-to-surrounding tissue ratio and can be visualized after excitation using a Wood's lamp.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of PpIX fluorescence images in accurately determining the boundaries of tumors during MMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective evaluation of biopsy-proven basal cell carcinoma (BCC; n=163), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n=51), and Bowen's disease (n=8) in 222 patients treated with MMS was conducted. In the PDD group, 20% ALA ointment was applied 6 hours before the surgery, and then the boundaries were mapped based on the red fluorescence of the Wood's lamp in the operating room. Each of the PDD (n=142) and non-PDD (n=80) groups was surgically staged and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of stages was 1.59, with more in the PDD group (1.66) than the non-PDD group (1.44) (p=.05). The average number of stages was 1.77 in the PDD group and 1.50 in the non-PDD group (p=.06) for BCC, was 1.40 in the PDD group and 1.37 in the non-PDD group (p=.90) for SCC, and 1.25 in the PDD group and 1.00 in the non-PDD group (p=.36) for Bowen's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In previous studies, the fluorescence of induced porphyrins was effective in detecting and delineating neoplastic skin areas, but, in the present study, PDD did not support surgical efficacy during MMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chae-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001913:Bowen's Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015580:Mohs Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX