title: Island biogeography reveals the deep history of SIV.
abstract: Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) lineages have been identified that are endemic to Bioko Island. The time the island formed offers a geological time scale calibration point for dating the most recent common ancestor of SIV. The Bioko viruses cover the whole range of SIV genetic diversity, and each Bioko SIV clade is most closely related to viruses circulating in hosts of the same genus on the African mainland rather than to SIVs of other Bioko species. Our phylogeographic approach establishes that SIV is ancient and at least 32,000 years old. Our conservative calibration point and analyses of gene sequence saturation and dating bias suggest it may be much older.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worobey
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Telfer
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Souquière
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Clint A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuwa
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hearn
authors.forename: Shaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honarvar
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roques
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apetrei
authors.forename: Mirdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazanji
authors.forename: Preston A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002520:Cercopithecidae / Q000821:virology*; D002521:Cercopithecus / Q000821:virology; D003104:Colobus / Q000821:virology; D016703:Equatorial Guinea; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015751:Genes, pol; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D048528:Mandrillus / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors