title: [Improved treatment results in hilar cholangiocarcinoma after transition to more extensive procedure: 20 years experience AMC].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the result of surgical treatment of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) before and after the transition from predominantly local bile duct resections to more extensive resections including partial liver resection in order to achieve complete tumour resection in the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (The Netherlands).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective and descriptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the period 1988-2003, 117 consecutive patients underwent resection due to suspected HCCA. Preoperative work-up included staging laparoscopy, preoperative biliary drainage and short-course radiation therapy (3 x 3.5 Gy) to prevent seeding metastases. A more extended multidisciplinary surgical approach combining bile duct resection with partial liver resection was applied as of 1998. Outcomes of resection including 5-year survival were assessed in patients who had undergone resection before (1988-1997; period 1) and after (1998-2003; period 2) this change in surgical approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 18 patients (15.3%) a benign lesion was found in the resection specimen. Among the other 99 patients with microscopically confirmed HCCA, 21 (72%) of 29 patients had undergone bile duct resection in combination with partial liver resection in period 2 as compared to 17 (24%) of 70 patients in period 1. The margin tumour free resection rate increased from 20% in period 1 to 59% in period 2. Five-year survival increased from 20% (SE: 5) in period 1, to 33% (SE: 9) in period 2. Morbidity and mortality in period 2 were 69% and 10%, respectively, as compared to 64% and 17% in period 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More extensive resection of HCCA in combination with partial liver resection in the setting of a multidisciplinary approach led to a higher rate of margin free resections and improved 5-year survival.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Medisch Centrum (AMC), Amsterdam, Afd. Chirurgie, the Netherlands. t.m.vangulik@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: van Gulik
authors.forename: Jaap J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kloek
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ruys
authors.forename: Olivier R C
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Geertjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Tienhoven
authors.forename: Johan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lameris
authors.forename: Erik A J
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rauws
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018285:Klatskin Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult