title: Metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Latin America.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of and the associated factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among Latin American HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using baseline data from the RAPID II study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated treatment practices to reduce this risk has been conducted in seven Latin American countries (the RAPID II study). Adult HIV patients with at least six months of RT were enrolled. MS was defined following ATP-III criteria. Demographic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical and clinical parameters were compared in patients with and without MS using bivariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4,010 patients were enrolled, 2,963 (74%) were males. Mean age (SD) was 41.9 (10.0) years. The prevalence of MS was 20.2%. Females had higher prevalence of MS than males (22.7% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.02). MS was driven by high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure (HBP). Patients with MS had higher 10 year CVD risk: 22.2% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001. Age (OR: 1.05 per year), female gender (OR: 1.29), family history of CVD (OR: 1.28), CD4 cell count (OR: 1.09 per 100 cell increase), and protease inhibitor based-ART (OR: 1.33) correlated with MS in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of MS in this setting was similar to that reported from developed countries. MS was driven by high triglycerides, low-HDL and HBP, and it was associated with higher risk of CVD. Traditional risk factors, female gender, immune reconstitution, and protease inhibitor based-ART correlated with MS.
authors.affiliation: Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unisanitas, Colombia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galindez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Castaãeda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopardo
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuhna
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Roldan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cure-Bolt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carcamo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castrillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents