title: Atorvastatin and antioxidants for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the St Francis Heart Study randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the spectrum of benign fatty liver to necroinflammation and fibrosis. Its prevalence has been found to be as high as 39%. It is estimated that up to 15% of those affected will go on to have progressive liver disease. Currently, there is no proven therapy for NAFLD. In this study, we aim to determine whether statin therapy may be an effective treatment for NAFLD and identify independent predictors of NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 1,005 men and women, aged 50-70 years were randomized to receive either a daily combination of atorvastatin 20 mg, vitamin C 1 g, and vitamin E 1,000 IU vs. matching placebo, as part of the St Francis Heart Study randomized clinical trial. Liver to spleen (LS) ratios were calculated on 455 subjects with available computed tomography scans performed at baseline and follow-up to determine NAFLD prevalence. Baseline and final LS ratios were compared within treatment groups, and results were compared between the treatment and placebo groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. Mean duration of follow-up was 3.6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 80 patients with NAFLD at baseline. We identified baseline triglyceride levels (odds ratio (OR)=1.003, P<0.001) and body mass index (OR=0.10, P<0.001) as independent correlates of NAFLD. Treatment with atorvastatin combined with vitamins E and C significantly reduced the odds of NAFLD at the end of follow-up, 70 vs. 34% (OR=0.29, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, atorvastatin 20 mg combined with vitamins C and E is effective in reducing the odds of having hepatic steatosis by 71% in healthy individuals with NAFLD at baseline after 4 years of active therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. temifoster@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Temitope
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.forename: Sammy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Guerci
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002140:California; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D014807:Vitamin D; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid