title: Elevated inflammatory mediators and pulmonary hypertension after applying an extracorporeal circuit in a neonatal sepsis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the changes in cytokines, oxidative mediators, and pulmonary blood pressure in a neonatal sepsis model when applying an extracorporeal circuit (ECC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 28 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated 3-day-old piglets, 14 underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), of which 7 underwent ECC for 3 h from 3 to 6 h after CLP. The remaining 14 were sham, of which 7 underwent ECC. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), total hydroperoxide (TH), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure (mPAP)/mean arterial blood pressure (mABP) ratio were measured at pre-CLP and at 3, 6, and 9 h in the CLP groups, and continued in the sham groups at 12, 15, 18, and 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CLP group with ECCs compared to the CLP group without it showed higher levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, and NOx at 6 h and higher levels of serum TH at 6 and 9 h. The sham group with ECCs compared to the one without it showed higher levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 at 12, 15, and 18 h, TH at 6 and 9 h, TNF at 6 h, and IFN-γ at 9 h. The mPAP/mABP ratios in the CLP group with ECCs were higher compared to the CLP group without it at 6 and 9 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying ECCs provoked a window of cytokines, free radicals elevation, and pulmonary hypertension which could be hazardous in critically ill newborns.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, VACSERA, Giza, Egypt. hamed@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mohamed Hamed
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Ghada Abdel-Hamid
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide