Cytokine production by human odontoblast-like cells upon Toll-like receptor-2 engagement.
Recent studies have suggested that odontoblasts are involved in the dental pulp immune response to oral pathogens that invade human dentin during the caries process. How odontoblasts regulate the early inflammatory and immune pulp response to Gram-positive bacteria, which predominate in shallow and moderate dentin caries, is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by odontoblast-like cells upon engagement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, a pattern recognition molecule activated by Gram-positive bacteria components. We used a highly sensitive Milliplex(®) kit for detecting cytokines released by cells stimulated with lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, or with the potent TLR2 synthetic agonist Pam2CSK4. We found that odontoblasts produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL8, as well as the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in response to TLR2 agonists. GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12(p70), IL-13 and TNF-α were not detected. These data indicate that TLR2 activation in human odontoblasts selectively induces production of mediators known to influence positively or negatively inflammatory and immune responses in pathogen-challenged tissues. We suggest that these molecules might be important in regulating the fine tuning of the pulp response to Gram-positive bacteria which enter dentin during the caries process.
Farges
Jean-Christophe
JC
Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Faculté d'Odontologie, 11 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France. jean-christophe.farges@univ-lyon1.fr
Carrouel
Florence
F
Keller
Jean-François
JF
Baudouin
Caroline
C
Msika
Philippe
P
Bleicher
Françoise
F
Staquet
Marie-Jeanne
MJ
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C009900:lipoteichoic acid