title: Phylogenetic and phenotypic relationships among Triatoma carcavalloi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) and related species collected in domiciles in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
abstract: Triatoma carcavalloi is considered a rare Chagas disease vector often collected inside domiciles in Rio Grande do Sul State. In this Brazilian state, T. carcavalloi has been collected in the same ecotope (rock piles) with two other species (T. rubrovaria and T. circummaculata), with which it also shares morphological characteristics. Previous morphological studies placed T. carcavalloi in the same species complex ("infestans complex") and subcomplex ("rubrovaria subcomplex") as T. rubrovaria, whereas T. circummaculata was placed in the "circummaculata complex." The phylogeny of a group composed of 16 species of triatomines was reevaluated with the inclusion of T. carcavalloi by Bayesian analysis using mtDNA sequences of subunits 12S and 16S of the ribosomal RNA, and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes. The phenotypic relationship among T. carcavalloi and related triatomines was also inferred from morphometrics. Phylogenetic results indicate that T. carcavalloi is a sister species of T. rubrovaria, and both were recovered as closely related to T. circummaculata. Morphometric studies confirmed the closeness among T. carcavalloi, T. rubrovaria, and T. circummaculata, prompting the placement of the latter species in the "infestans complex" and "rubrovaria subcomplex."
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz IOC/Fiocruz, Av Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Paula L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Marcet
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumiel
authors.forename: Daniela Maeda
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Takiya
authors.forename: Margareth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardozo-de-Almeida
authors.forename: Raquel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: Catarina Macedo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dotson
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry; D001938:Brazil; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000635:transmission; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014224:Triatoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial