Characterization of integrase region polymorphisms in HIV type 1 CRF06_cpx viruses in treatment-naive patients in Estonia.
Natural polymorphisms of HIV-1, often associated with drug resistance, are widely described in protease and reverse transcriptase regions but data on their presence in the integrase region, especially in non-B subtypes, are still very limited. We aimed to characterize naturally occurring polymorphisms in the integrase region in 104 treatment-naive and 10 treatment-experienced patients infected predominantly with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx and its recombinant with subtype A1 and/or CRF03_AB viruses. No primary drug resistance mutations against integrase inhibitors were found, but resistance-associated polymorphisms such as V72I, L74I, V201I, and T206S were seen in more than 90% of viruses. Substitutions E157Q and E157K, associated with raltegravir resistance, were found in only two CRF06_cpx strains. We conclude that similar to other HIV-1 non-B subtypes, the CRF06_cpx and its recombinants with subtype A1 and CRF03_AB are rich in integrase region natural polymorphisms, which may impact the development of resistance against integrase inhibitors.
Avi
Radko
R
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. radko.avi@gmail.com
Huik
Kristi
K
Sadam
Maarja
M
Karki
Tonis
T
Krispin
Tonu
T
Ainsalu
Külliki
K
Paap
Piret
P
Schmidt
Jelena
J
Nikitina
Natalia
N
Lutsar
Irja
I
D000328:Adult; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics*; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D019427:HIV Integrase; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase