title: Relationship between chronic kidney disease and white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Renal dysfunction may be related to cerebral small-vessel disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between mild renal dysfunction and various white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 2106 subjects (1368 men and 738 women; mean age, 56 ± 10 years) without a history of stroke were enrolled in the study. Kidney function was evaluated in terms of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the relationship 194Cr(-1.094) × age(-0.287) × 0.739 (if female), where Cr is serum creatinine concentration. White matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI was classified as deep and/or subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH), periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), or asymptomatic cerebral infarction (ACI). The prevalence of ACI, DSWMH, and PVH was significantly correlated with degree of eGFR reduction; in the subgroups with eGFR ≥ 90, 60∼89, and <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), the following prevalences were found: ACI, 7%, 6%, and 16%; DSWMH, 18%, 21%, and 37%; PVH: 7%, 10%, and 21%. The odds ratios for ACI, DSWMH, and PVH of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were significantly increased, to 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-3.61; P = .006), 2.26 (1.53-3.34; P < .001), and 2.81 (1.67-4.72; P < .001), respectively. Our data indicate that mild renal dysfunction may be associated with an increase in cerebral small-vessel disease independent of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine. kawasi29@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Wakoh
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yuuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Shunya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Shiaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology