title: Self-reported internalization symptoms and family factors in indigenous Sami and non-Sami adolescents in North Norway.
abstract: Through differences in family socialization between indigenous and non-indigenous youth, there may be cultural differences in the impact of family factors on mental health outcome. Using structural equation modelling, this population-based study explored the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and family factors in indigenous Sami and non-Sami boys and girls in North Norway. The findings show that family income was to a lesser degree related to internalization symptoms for Sami youth than non-Sami youth. For all groups except for Sami girls, family conflict and moving was associated with increasing symptoms. Sami boys differed from the other three groups with regard to the relationship between family connectedness and symptom level. These interaction effects were discussed in light of traditional Sami values and gender socialization. The present study has indicated that in the family socialization context, culture may be related to internalization symptoms in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. margrethe.bals@uit.no
authors.forename: Margrethe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bals
authors.forename: Anne Lene
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Turi
authors.forename: Joar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vittersø
authors.forename: Ingunn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skre
authors.forename: Siv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kvernmo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D005195:Family Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D044382:Population Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D012951:Socialization