title: Virtual patient simulation for learning and assessment: Superior results in comparison with regular course exams.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our study aimed to observe the differences in assessment results between virtual patient simulation (VPS) and regular course exams in an Internal Medicine course for undergraduate medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cohorts of students (n = 216) used: a VPS or lectures for learning (terms 1 and 2); VPS and lectures or only lectures (term 3); and a paired set-up with both VPS and lectures (term 4). The assessment results, measured with both a VPS-based exam and a paper-based exam, were compared. A scoring rubric (0-6), developed and validated for the purpose of the trial, was applied to both types of assessment. Mean score differences of the results were compared for the four cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both VPS and regular examination results were significantly higher in the VPS group compared to regular exam group (p < 0.001) in terms 1, 2 and 3. The paired mean difference in term 4 was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50, 0.83; p < 0.001) for haematology and 0.57 (95% CI 0.45, 0.69; p < 0.001) for cardiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that using VPS both for learning and for assessment supports learning. VPS are better than traditional assessment methods when the virtual application is used for both learning and evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. mihaela.botezatu@ki.se
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botezatu
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hult
authors.forename: Mesfin Kassaye
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tessma
authors.forename: Uno G H
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Fors
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface