title: Association of steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene expression with survival among patients with invasive bladder carcinoma.
abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? SXR and MDR1 are known as responsible for chemo and radiotherapy resistance in some cancers, like kidney cancer (MDR1). Invasive bladder cancer is an aggressive disease, with different behaviour upon its tumoral stage, and also within the same tumoral stage, therefore molecular markers are sought. This study shows a new molecular marker, which has shown as a predictor for bad prognosis cancers, therefore, allowing us for a better patient selection for aggressive therapies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic value of steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene expression in relation to survival among patients with invasive bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective study included 67 patients diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer and treated with radical cystectomy at one of two institutions. SXR and MDR1 gene expression was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in tumoral and normal tissue from frozen surgical specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were followed for a mean of 29 months; 31 patients (46%) had progression. In univariate analysis, significant predictors of overall survival (OS) were pathological stage, lymph node (LN) status, histological grade, vascular-lymphatic invasion, and SXR expression. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of OS were LN status (odds ratio [OR], 2.96; P=0.034), vascular-lymphatic invasion (OR, 2.50; P=0.029), and SXR expression (OR, 1.05, P=0.03). Among the 51 patients with negative LNs (pN0), univariate predictors of OS were SXR expression, MDR1 expression, and pathological stage. In multivariate analysis, SXR expression (OR, 1.06; P=0.01) and MDR1 expression (OR, 3.27; P=0.03) were independently associated with survival. Within the pN0 group, patients with SXR expression had shorter progression-free survival than did those without expression (P=0.004). This association persisted in the N0 subgroup with stage pT3-pT4 disease (P=0.028). However, in the pN1 group SXR expression did not have any influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with invasive bladder cancer, SXR expression has value as a predictor of survival independent of the standard pathological predictors. Its maximum importance appears to be in patients with stage pT3-pT4 pN0 disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Clínica Universitaria Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jriojazu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rioja
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bandrés
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosell Costa
authors.forename: Anibal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rincón
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Juan Javier
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zudaire Bergera
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García Foncillas
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panizo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.forename: Luis Angel
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rioja
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Berián Polo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011987:Receptors, Steroid