title: Preferences regarding genetic research results: comparing veterans and nonveterans responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Communicating genetic research results to participants presents ethical challenges. Our objectives were to examine participants' preferences in receiving future genetic research results and to compare preferences reported by veteran and nonveterans participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis was performed on data collected in 2000-2004 from 1,575 consent forms signed by Mexican-American participants enrolled in 2 genetic family studies (GFS) in San Antonio: The Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) and the Extended FIND (EFIND). The consent forms for these studies contained multiple-choice questions to examine participants' preferences about receiving their (1) clinical lab results and (2) future genetic research results. The FIND and EFIND databases had information on subjects' demographic characteristics and some selected clinical variables. We identified veterans using the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA's) centralized data repository. We compared veterans' and nonveterans' preferences using Student's t test for continuous variables and χ² test for discrete variables. A logistic regression analyzed subjects' preference for receiving their research results, controlling for other socio-demographic and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 275 (18%) veterans and 1,247 (82%) nonveterans. Our results indicated a strong desire among the majority of participants 1,445 (95%) in getting their clinical lab research results. Likewise, 93% expressed interest in being informed about their future genetic results. There was no significant difference in veterans' and nonveterans' preference to disclosure of the research results (χ² test; p > 0.05). Regression analysis showed no significant relationship (p = 0.449) between the outcome (receiving research results) and veterans' responses after controlling for demographics and educational levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants believed they would prefer receiving their genetic research results. Veterans are similar to nonveterans in their preferences. Offering genetic research results to participants should be based on well defined and structured plans to enhance interpretation of genetic data.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. ararn@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parchman
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D036281:Genetic Research / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D035842:Research Subjects; D014342:Truth Disclosure / Q000941:ethics*; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058014:Veterans Health