CD48: A co-stimulatory receptor of immunity.
The CD48 molecule is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface protein of the CD2 family of molecules. Originally described on virally-induced B cells, CD48 has been found on various hematopoietic cells, and its expression is regulated by viral and bacterial products and immune-associated proteins. CD48 binds CD2 and other molecules, yet its high-affinity ligand in both mouse and human systems is 2B4. Despite its lack of an intracellular domain, stimulation of CD48 induces rearrangement of signaling factors in lipid rafts, Lck-kinase activity, and tyrosine phosphorylation. As an adhesion and co-stimulatory molecule, CD48 induces numerous effects in B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. Some of these depend upon cell-cell interactions via 2B4-CD48 binding. The structural and phenotypic characteristics of CD48, and its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes, are reviewed herein. Possible CD48-based applications for immune-impaired and inflammatory disorders are discussed as well.
Elishmereni
Moran
M
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Levi-Schaffer
Francesca
F
D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D000071178:CD48 Antigen; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D018801:CD2 Antigens; C084093:CD244 protein, human; D000071178:CD48 Antigen; C000604065:CD48 protein, human; C000604066:Cd48 protein, mouse; C000604067:Cd48 protein, rat; D008024:Ligands; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)