title: Medication reviews with computerised expert support: evaluation of a method to improve the quality of drug utilisation in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to examine whether a computerised system for medication reviews can support physicians' decisions and improve the quality of drug treatment in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive intervention study. The study included 275 patients living in community settings and nursing homes in Stockholm, Sweden. Patient data were analysed using computer software and scrutinised by a clinical pharmacologist. Pharmaco-therapeutic advice was sent to the physician responsible for each patient. The main outcome measures were initiation and discontinuation of drugs, changes of doses and rates of identified drug-related problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expert opinions were given by the clinical pharmacologist, for 275 patients, mean age 85 years; 70 per cent female. An average of 3.3 remarks was given concerning unsuitable drugs, unclear indication, dosing when the kidney function was decreased, drug-drug interactions and quality indicators. On average 1.5 drug-related problems (DRP) per patient were attended to by the responsible physician at each unit. The most common action taken was withdrawal of a drug (n = 208). On average the drug use decreased from 10.4 to 9.5 drugs per patient, and several quality indicators were met. The drug costs decreased, and resulted in a more cost-effective drug therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper develops and tests a method for intervention in the care of elderly patients. The method is based on a computerised expert support system for medication reviews at a distance and on education of the staff. A safer drug therapy with improved quality and cost-effectiveness is thus provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. johanna.ulfvarson@sodersjukhuset.se
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ulfvarson
authors.forename: Pia Bastholm
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rahmner
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fastbom
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sjöviker
authors.forename: Eva Andersén
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004346:Drug Information Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012111:Residence Characteristics