title: Measurement of trained speech patterns in stuttering: interjudge and intrajudge agreement of experts by means of modified time-interval analysis.
abstract: Improved fluency after stuttering therapy is usually measured by the percentage of stuttered syllables. However, outcome studies rarely evaluate the use of trained speech patterns that speakers use to manage stuttering. This study investigated whether the modified time interval analysis can distinguish between trained speech patterns, fluent speech, and stuttered speech. Seventeen German experts on stuttering judged a speech sample on two occasions. Speakers of the sample were stuttering adults, who were not undergoing therapy, as well as participants in a fluency shaping and a stuttering modification therapy. Results showed satisfactory inter-judge and intra-judge agreement above 80%. Intervals with trained speech patterns were identified as consistently as stuttered and fluent intervals. We discuss limitations of the study, as well as implications of our findings for the development of training for identification of trained speech patterns and future outcome studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will be able to (a) explain different methods to measure the use of trained speech patterns, (b) evaluate whether German experts are able to discriminate intervals with trained speech patterns reliably from fluent and stuttered intervals and (c) describe how the measurement of trained speech patterns can contribute to outcome studies.
authors.affiliation: Section Neurolinguistics, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr. 30, Aachen, Germany. ankealpermann@gmx.net
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alpermann
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Natke
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willmes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors