title: Clinical and microbiological effects of mechanical instrumentation and local antimicrobials during periodontal supportive therapy in aggressive periodontitis patients: smoker versus non-smoker patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical and microbiological effects of ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation (UMI) associated to home-care use of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF(2) )-containing mouthrinse and toothpaste in smoker and non-smoker patients affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) during a recall session of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen smokers and 25 non-smokers G-AgP patients enrolled in an SPT programme received a single session of UMI associated with home-care use of AmF/SnF(2) -containing mouthrinse and toothpaste. Clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed pre-treatment, at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, UMI plus AmF/SnF(2) -implemented oral hygiene use determined a significant decrease of total bacterial counts, with non-smokers exhibiting a lower count compared with smokers at 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between smokers and non-smokers in the counts of total pathogens and red complex species at each observation interval. Clinically, a significant reduction of supragingival plaque, gingival inflammation and probing pocket depth was similarly observed in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined mechanical/chemical plaque control approach based on UMI and the use of AmF/SnF(2) agents resulted in the reduction of supragingival plaque deposits, gingival inflammation and subgingival periodontal pathogens in G-AgP patients during SPT, with no substantial difference between smokers and non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guarnelli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cucchi
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trombelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012907:Smoking; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014100:Toothpastes; C094808:amine fluoride solution; C075174:amine fluoride gel; D012969:Sodium Fluoride