title: Anti-emetic effect of ginger powder versus placebo as an add-on therapy in children and young adults receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are major adverse effects of chemotherapy. Ginger has been used in postoperative and pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Data on its utility in reducing CINV in children and young adults are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty chemotherapy cycles of cisplatin/doxorubicin in bone sarcoma patients were randomized to ginger root powder capsules or placebo capsules as an additional antiemetic to ondensetron and dexamethasone in a double-blind design. Acute CINV was defined as nausea and vomiting occurring within 24 hr of start of chemotherapy (days 1-4) and delayed CINV as that occurring after 24 hr of completion of chemotherapy (days 5-10). CINV was evaluated as per Edmonton's Symptom Assessment Scale and National Cancer Institute criteria respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute moderate to severe nausea was observed in 28/30 (93.3%) cycles in control group as compared to 15/27 (55.6%) cycles in experimental group (P = 0.003). Acute moderate to severe vomiting was significantly more in the control group compared to the experimental group [23/30 (76.7%) vs. 9/27 (33.33%) respectively (P= 0.002)]. Delayed moderate to severe nausea was observed in 22/30 (73.3%) cycles in the control group as compared to 7/27 (25.9%) in the experimental group (P < 0.001). Delayed moderate to severe vomiting was significantly more in the control group compared to the experimental group [14/30 (46.67%) vs. 4/27 (14.81%) (P = 0.022)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ginger root powder was effective in reducing severity of acute and delayed CINV as additional therapy to ondensetron and dexamethasone in patients receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00940368).
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anu Kochanujan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: Kamlesh K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Yogendra K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D018517:Plant Roots; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin