Expression of Cyr61 (CCN1) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: An independent marker for poor prognosis.
BACKGROUND
Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61 [CCN1]) has disparate functions in tumorigenesis that are dependent on the cell types. The aim of the study was to investigate its role in the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).


METHODS
The study used immunohistochemistry to examine Cyr61 expression in 93 oral SCC specimens and assessed the effect of Cyr61 overexpression on proliferation and migration of oral SCC cells in vitro and xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.


RESULTS
High expression of Cyr61 significantly correlated with large tumor size (p = .009) and advanced tumor stage (p = .036). Multivariate analysis revealed that high Cyr61 (relative risk [RR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.209-4.95, p = .010) significantly correlated with mortality. Forced expression of Cyr61 stimulated the motility and growth of Ca9-22 cells in vitro and enhanced xenograft growth in SCID mice.


CONCLUSIONS
Cyr61 is a positive growth modulator of oral SCC and Cyr61 overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with oral SCC.
Kok
Sang-Heng
SH
Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chang
Hao-Hueng
HH
Tsai
Ju-Yi
JY
Hung
Hsin-Chia
HC
Lin
Chiao-Ying
CY
Chiang
Chun-Pin
CP
Liu
Cheing-Meei
CM
Kuo
Mark Yen-Ping
MY
D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61