title: Clinical and histological effects of the intrathecal administration of methylprednisolone in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methylprednisolone is one of the most commonly used steroids for management of chronic back pain via epidural injection. Its inadvertent injection into the intrathecal space is associated with complications such as adhesive arachnoiditis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to assess the clinical and histological changes associated with the injection of methylprednisolone into the intrathecal space of dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double blind, controlled animal trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval by the animal research ethics committee, 14 dogs were studied in a randomized double blind controlled trial. They were assigned to one of 2 groups: Group I received 1 mL of 0.9% normal saline; Group II received 1 mL (1.15mg/kg) of methylprednisolone into the intrathecal space. Animals were clinically evaluated for 21 days, and then sacrificed. The lumbar and sacral portions of their spinal cords were removed for histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group I, there were no clinical or histological changes. All animals in Group II showed no clinical changes but all exhibited histological changes in the spinal cord. The main histological changes consisted of meningeal thickening and lymphocytic infiltrates in the blood vessels. In 3 animals, adhesion of pia, arachnoid, and dura matter was noted and the nerve roots were surrounded by fibrosis. In one animal, necrosis of the spinal cord was evident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limitations of the present study include: small sample of animals (n=14), relative short clinical follow-up (21 days), and use of a commercially available drug solution, which is not preservative free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the intrathecal administration of commercially available methylprednisolone was responsible for causing histological changes in the spinal cord and meninges of the animals studied.
authors.affiliation: São Paulo State University Botucatu, Sao Paulo. rmelima@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rodrigo Moreira
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Lais H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carness
authors.forename: Guilherme A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Mariangela E A
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Daneshvari
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solanki
authors.forename: Eliana M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ganem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008578:Meninges / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008775:Methylprednisolone