title: Hemocyte differentiation mediates innate immune memory in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.
abstract: Mosquito midgut invasion by ookinetes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium disrupts the barriers that normally prevent the gut microbiota from coming in direct contact with epithelial cells. This triggers a long-lived response characterized by increased abundance of granulocytes, a subpopulation of hemocytes that circulates in the insect's hemocoel, and enhanced immunity to bacteria that indirectly reduces survival of Plasmodium parasites upon reinfection. In mosquitoes, differentiation of hemocytes was necessary and sufficient to confer innate immune memory.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Janneth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Fábio André
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Brayner
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Rajnikant
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barillas-Mury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; C540280:LRIM1 protein, Anopheles gambiae; C544265:TEP1 protein, Anopheles gambiae