title: Fungal colonization in patients with chronic respiratory diseases from Himalayan region of India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We screened patients with chronic respiratory diseases for microbiological and serological evidences of fungal colonisation; in order to determine its prevalence in this group of patients, examine potential clinical and radiological predictors of fungal colonisation and characterise fungal agents associated with individual diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  BAL samples from 60 consecutive patients were subjected to microscopy and culture for fungal agents. Serum samples were analysed for precipitin antibodies to Aspergillus antigen and Candida cytoplasmic antigen. Statistical significance in the difference of fungal recovery between patient groups was determined using the Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major diagnostic groups included patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (n = 31) and tubercular sequelae (n = 16). In all, 28 patients (46.7%) were culture-positive, with Candida and Aspergillus being recovered from 14 and 13 patients respectively. Twenty-one patients (35%) showed presence of precipitin antibodies. Patients with bronchogenic carcinoma showed increased predilection for colonisation with Aspergillus, while Candida was recovered more commonly in tubercular sequelae (p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant association between culture-positivity and specific risk factors/radiological findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The point-prevalence of fungal colonization was almost 50%. The combination of fungal culture and serology helped improve diagnostic sensitivity. An interesting predilection was observed for Aspergillus and Candida, to preferentially infect patients with Bronchogenic carcinoma and Tubercular sequelae respectively. In absence of specific predictors, the possibility of fungal colonization needs to be explored actively in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140, India. dbiswas71@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sindhwani
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rawat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D002175:Candida / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal