title: Bioremediation and reclamation of soil contaminated with petroleum oil hydrocarbons by exogenously seeded bacterial consortium: a pilot-scale study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spillage of petroleum hydrocarbons causes significant environmental pollution. Bioremediation is an effective process to remediate petroleum oil contaminant from the ecosystem. The aim of the present study was to reclaim a petroleum oil-contaminated soil which was unsuitable for the cultivation of crop plants by using petroleum oil hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial consortium consisting of Bacillus subtilis DM-04 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa M and NM strains were seeded to 20% (v/w) petroleum oil-contaminated soil, and bioremediation experiment was carried out for 180 days under laboratory condition. The kinetics of hydrocarbon degradation was analyzed using biochemical and gas chromatographic (GC) techniques. The ecotoxicity of the elutriates obtained from petroleum oil-contaminated soil before and post-treatment with microbial consortium was tested on germination and growth of Bengal gram (Cicer aretinum) and green gram (Phaseolus mungo) seeds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial consortium showed a significant reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon level in contaminated soil (76% degradation) as compared to the control soil (3.6% degradation) 180 days post-inoculation. The GC analysis confirmed that bacterial consortium was more effective in degrading the alkane fraction compared to aromatic fraction of crude petroleum oil hydrocarbons in soil. The nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen compounds fraction was least degraded. The reclaimed soil supported the germination and growth of crop plants (C. aretinum and P. mungo). In contrast, seeds could not be germinated in petroleum oil-contaminated soil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study reinforces the application of bacterial consortium rather than individual bacterium for the effective bioremediation and reclamation of soil contaminated with petroleum oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784 028, Assam, India. akm@tezu.ernet.in
authors.forename: Ashis K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Naba K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bordoloi
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D029863:Cicer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen