title: Determination of subnanomolar concentrations of vanadium in environmental water samples using flow injection with luminol chemiluminescence detection.
abstract: A flow injection chemiluminescence method is described for the determination of subnanomolar concentrations of vanadium in environmental water samples. The procedure is based on the oxidation of luminol in the presence of dissolved oxygen catalyzed by vanadium(IV). Vanadium(V) reduction and preconcentration of vanadium(IV) was carried out using in-line silver reductor and 8-hydroxyquinoline chelating columns at pH 3.15, respectively. The calibration graph for vanadium(IV) was linear in the concentration range of 0.025-10 µg/L with relative standard deviation in the range of 0.4-5.58%. The detection limit (3s blank) was 3.8 × 10(-3) µg/L without preconcentration; when the vanadium(IV) was preconcentrated with an 8-HQ column for 1 min (2.0 mL of sample loaded), the detection limit of 5.1 × 10(-4) µg/L was achieved. One analytical cycle can be completed in 2.0 min. The analysis of certified reference materials (CASS-4, NASS-5 and SLRS-4) by the proposed method showed good agreement with the certified values. The method was successfully applied to the determination of total dissolved vanadium in environmental water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Sariab Road, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Attiq-ur-Rehman
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waseem
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nabi
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049449:Luminescence; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014639:Vanadium / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014639:Vanadium; D008165:Luminol