title: Polyamine aza-cyclic compounds demonstrate anti-proliferative activity in vitro but fail to control tumour growth in vivo.
abstract: Cationic polyamines such as the poly(propylenimine) dendrimers (DAB16) are anti-tumour agents (Dufes et al., 2005, Cancer Res 65:8079-8084). Their mechanism of action is poorly understood, but the lack of in vivo toxicity suggests cancer specificity. To explore this polyamine pharmacophore we cross-linked the aza-cyclic compound, hexacyclen, with 1,4-dibromobutane or 1,8-dibromooctane to yield the polyamines [poly(butylhexacyclen)--CL4] or [poly(octylhexacyclen)--CL8] respectively, both free of primary amines. We characterised the compounds and their respective nanoparticles and examined their interaction with the putative targets of the cationic polyamines: the cell membrane and DNA. Like DAB 16, CL4 and CL8 bind plasmid DNA and all three compounds interrupted the cell cycle of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells in the S-phase. Additionally all three compounds disrupted erythrocyte membranes, with CL8 and DAB 16 being more active, in this respect, than CL4. CL4 (IC(50) =775.1 µg mL(-1)) and CL8 (IC(50) =8.4 µg mL(-1)), in a similar manner to DAB 16, were anti-proliferative against A431 cells; although unlike DAB 16, CL4 and CL8 were not tumouricidal against A431 xenografts in mice, indicating that primary amines may play an important role in the in vivo activity of DAB 16.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Pui Ee
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tetley
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dufès
authors.forename: Kar Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chooi
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schätzlein
authors.forename: Ijeoma F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Uchegbu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D011073:Polyamines; D004247:DNA