title: Adhesive systems: important aspects related to their composition and clinical use.
abstract: This literature review article addresses the types and the main components of different etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems available in the market, and relates them to their function, possible chemical interactions and influence of handling characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are presented to characterize the interface between adhesives and dentin. Adhesive systems have been recently classified according to their adhesion approaches in etch-and-rinse, self-etch and glass ionomer. The etch-and-rinse systems require a specific acid-etch procedure and may be performed in two or three steps. Self-etch systems employ acidic monomers that demineralize and impregnate dental substrates almost at the same time. These systems are separated in one or two steps. Some advantages and deficiencies were noted for etch-and-rinse and self-etch approaches, mainly for the simplified ones due to some chemical associations and interactions. The SEM micrographs illustrate different relationships between adhesive systems and dental structures, particularly dentin. The knowledge of composition, characteristics and mechanisms of adhesion of each adhesive system is of fundamental importance to permit the adoption of ideal bonding strategies under clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. mario-honorato@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mario Honorato
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Silva e Souza
authors.forename: Karina Gama Kato
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Marcelo Figueiredo
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lobato
authors.forename: Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
authors.initials: Pde A
authors.lastname: Silva e Souza
authors.forename: Mário Fernando
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Góes
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058105:Polymerization; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D012997:Solvents