title: Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in rural and urban Burkina Faso.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection enhances human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility and may increase sexual transmission, but few data on HSV-2 prevalence are available from West Africa. The main objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and determinants of HSV-2 among adults in urban and rural Burkina Faso.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted (i) a 2-stage clustered population-based survey among adults aged 15 to 49 years in Ouagadougou (N = 883 women and 791 men), the capital city of Burkina Faso, and (ii) a cross-sectional study among attendees (N = 2018) of all 98 antenatal clinics from 4 provinces of the country. HSV-2 infection was diagnosed using a specific IgG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (Kalon).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HSV-2 among pregnant women was 18.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3%-19.7%), with a trend for lower rates in rural (17.3%; CI: 15.5%-19.2%) versus semiurban areas (21.4%; CI: 17.2%-26.2%) (P = 0.08), whereas the prevalence of HSV-2 was 23.7% (CI: 20.9%-26.6%) among women in Ouagadougou (N = 883), and 15.3% (CI: 12.9%-18.0%) among men (N = 791). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis among women, older age, being married, contraceptives, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and HIV infection were significantly associated with HSV-2 infection. Among men, only increased age and HIV were independently associated with HSV-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HSV-2 infection was high among young women, including in rural areas, with a strong association with BV. Therefore, rural areas should not be neglected in prevention programs. New potent BV, hormonal contraceptives, and HSV control strategies may be helpful for HIV control.
authors.affiliation: Pôle Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique. fati.kirakoya@uclouvain.be
authors.forename: Fati
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagot
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Defer
authors.forename: Seydou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaro
authors.forename: Paulin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fao
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ilboudo
authors.forename: Youssouf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Langani
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meda
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral