title: Dilaceration of maxillary central incisor: a literature review.
abstract: The main purpose of this review is to present the aetiological factors and the mechanism that cause dilaceration of the maxillary central incisors. In early developmental stages, the permanent tooth germ of the maxillary incisor is situated palatally and superiorly to the apex of the primary incisor and gradually changes direction in a labial direction with its crown coming closer to the resorbing primary root. For reasons of this close relationship between the permanent tooth germ and the apex of the primary incisor, it is believed that an acute trauma to the primary predecessor can cause dilaceration of the long axis of the permanent successor. Clinically, dilaceration can be revealed by palpation high in the labial sulcus or in the hard palate, while its radiographic view is characteristic. The therapeutic approach to the dilacerated maxillary central incisors has to be carefully planned and needs the cooperation of several specialities to attain the final objective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. ntopouz@dent.auth.gr
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topouzelis
authors.forename: Phoebus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsaousoglou
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pisoka
authors.forename: Lampros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zouloumis
mesh_terms: D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008437:Maxilla; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion; D011859:Radiography; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000293:injuries; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000293:injuries; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000209:etiology