title: Undergraduate performance in a domestic animal laboratory taught via distance education.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if laboratory modules of an undergraduate animal anatomy course offered in distance education (DistEd) format were as effective as face-to-face (F2F) format in helping students learn. Students (n = 159) completed an anatomy pretest as well as a presurvey to assess prior DistEd experience. Alternating each week, laboratory topics were presented either as F2F or as virtual DistEd laboratories. Two laboratory examinations were administered and included material from both laboratory formats (DistEd and F2F). Questions from the pretest were also included and used to generate the posttest scores. At the end of the semester, students completed a postsurvey to determine if DistEd was a viable alternative to F2F. Student grades on each examination were compared using an ANOVA model that included main effects of presentation method (DistEd, F2F), semester (fall, spring), and their interaction. Learning was evaluated based on the performances of students on pre- and posttests using unpaired t-tests. There was an increase (P < 0.0001) in anatomy post- vs. pretest scores for both semesters, indicative of student learning, although there was no effect of presentation method (F2F or DistEd). On exam 1, students achieved greater scores in fall 2008 (P < 0.0001) on material presented via DistEd compared with that presented as F2F. However, in spring 2009 students scored better on material presented as F2F. There was no effect of presentation method on exam 2 scores for either semester. Based on the postsurvey, 79.3% of students in fall 2008 and 52% of students from spring 2009 agreed that DistEd laboratories were a viable alternative to F2F laboratories. The results of this study support the conclusion that anatomy material can be taught effectively by distance education methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pratt-Phillips
authors.forename: L-A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Farin
mesh_terms: D000717:Anatomy, Comparative / Q000193:education*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003479:Curriculum; D020375:Education, Distance; D009657:North Carolina; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors; D014495:Universities