title: Clytostoma callistegioides (Bignoniaceae) wax extract with activity on aphid settling.
abstract: A bioassay-guided fractionation of leaf extracts from Clytostoma callistegioides (Cham.) Bureau ex Griseb. (Bignoniaceae) led to isolation of a natural mixture of four fatty acids with anti-insect activity against aphids. The compounds were identified by GC-MS as palmitic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids and quantified as their methyl esters. The anti-aphid activity of the natural mixture was traced to linolenic and linoleic acids, as shown by the settling inhibition activity of synthetic samples. Interestingly, the saturated acids (palmitic and stearic) tested alone stimulated settling on one of the tested aphids (Myzus persicae), but not on the other tested species (Rhopalosiphum padi). Although ubiquitous, none of these free acids have been previously reported in this Bignoniaceae species. The leaf surface chemistry, which is likely involved in modulating aphid settling behavior, was further investigated for the occurrence of lipophilic substances by histochemical staining. Short, stalked glandular trichomes, previously undescribed for this species, stained with osmium tetroxide and Sudan III, suggesting that the secretion of the defensive acids is related to these surface trichomes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, CP 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Azucena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Coloma
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alonso-Paz
authors.forename: María Julia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bassagoda
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects*; D029402:Bignoniaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008042:Linolenic Acids; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D013229:Stearic Acids; D014885:Waxes