title: Safety and patient comfort with iodixanol: a postmarketing surveillance study in 9515 patients undergoing diagnostic CT examinations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iodinated radiographic contrast media are considered safe diagnostic drugs with a low incidence of adverse drug reactions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine prospectively the incidence and nature of immediate and delayed adverse drug reactions occurring after administration of iodixanol for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in routine practice in nonselected patients, and to assess patient comfort (pain and sensations of heat or coldness).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient characteristics (including demographics, risk factors, indication for CT, and status of the vein used to administer iodixanol) and aspects of iodixanol administration (including dose and volume) were documented on a standardized case report form. Patients were asked to report immediate (during the visit) or delayed (occurring up to 7 days after administration of iodixanol) adverse reactions; those deemed related or possibly related to iodixanol were documented on a standardized adverse drug reaction form. Discomfort was rated by patients on a scale of 0-10 for pain, heat, and coldness; individual scores were combined into a composite score (0-30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluable documentation was provided for 9515 patients in 77 centers across Germany. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 70 patients (0.74%), including hypersensitivity reactions in 55 patients. Thirty patients experienced immediate reactions and 40 experienced delayed reactions. Serious adverse drug reactions were evident in five patients (0.05%). Patients with allergic diathesis appeared to be at increased risk of immediate and delayed adverse drug reactions. Discomfort was generally mild, with 72% of patients reporting a composite score of 0-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the outpatient setting, where it is often difficult to properly assess patients for specific risk factors, it was reassuring that iodixanol demonstrated an excellent safety profile in over 9500 patients undergoing diagnostic CT examinations. There were no unexpected serious adverse drug reactions, and patient discomfort during administration was mild or absent in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Gemeinschaftspraxis für Radiologie und Neurologie, Praxis Mosbach, Mosbach, Germany. info@praxis-mosbach.de
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Häussler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C044834:iodixanol