title: A prospective study of dietary selenium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growing evidence raises concern about possible associations of high selenium exposure with diabetes in selenium-replete populations such as the US. In countries with lower selenium status, such as Italy, there is little epidemiological evidence on the association between selenium and diabetes. This study examined the prospective association between dietary selenium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ORDET cohort study comprised a large sample of women from Northern Italy (n = 7,182). Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as a self-report of a physician diagnosis, use of antidiabetic medication, or a hospitalization discharge. Dietary selenium intake was measured by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline examination (1987-1992). Participants were divided in quintiles based on their baseline dietary selenium intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average selenium intake at baseline was 55.7 μg/day. After a median follow-up of 16 years, 253 women developed diabetes. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio for diabetes comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of selenium intake was 2.39, (95% CI: 1.32, 4.32; P for linear trend = 0.005). The odds ratio for diabetes associated with a 10 μg/d increase in selenium intake was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, increased dietary selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings raise additional concerns about the association of selenium intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (55 μg/day) with diabetes risk.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK. S.Stranges@warwick.ac.uk
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stranges
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinceti
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grioni
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guallar
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laclaustra
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muti
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D012643:Selenium