title: Propofol prevents lung injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antioxidant properties of propofol have been shown to improve ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated whether anesthesia with propofol can ameliorate remote lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated in three groups (n = 10 each): animals in group Sham were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and then laparotomy and sham IIR followed. Animals in group IIR received ketamine and xylazine and were then subjected to clamping of the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 4 h. Group IIR+P received anesthesia with propofol and then IIR was induced, as in group IIR. Blood samples for blood gases and malondialdehyde measurements were drawn at the end of reperfusion. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained to measure cell counts, total protein, and phospholipids levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of IIR resulted in deteriorated oxygenation, acidemia, and inflammatory cells sequestration, along with increased BALF protein content and increased proportions of small surfactant aggregates. Anesthesia with propofol alleviated intestinal injury and efficiently prevented lipid oxidation. In group IIR+P inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary histologic changes were significantly limited. The increase in BALF total protein and the changes in surfactant aggregates were prevented, leading to normal systemic oxygenation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using propofol to induce and maintain anesthesia efficiently prevented IIR-induced lung injury. Systemic antioxidant protection, improvement of intestinal injury, inhibition of the inflammatory response, and preservation of the alveolar-capillary permeability seem to be crucial mediating mechanisms for this simple and clinically relevant intervention.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vasileiou
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalimeris
authors.forename: Tzortzis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomikos
authors.forename: Marianna N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Xanthopoulou
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrea
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agrogiannis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakos
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kostopanagiotou
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D010758:Phosphorus; D015742:Propofol