title: [Advancement of cytoskeleton and axon outgrowth of neuron].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the advancement of cytoskeleton and axon outgrowth of neuron.
  
  
  METHODS
  The recent literature concerning cytoskeleton and axon outgrowth of neuron was reviewed and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actin filaments and microtubules in neuron were highly polarized and dynamic structures confined to the tips of axons and the reciprocal interactions between these two major cytoskeletal polymers was also dynamic. Attractive or a repulsive cue whose final common path of action was the growth cone cytoskeleton mediated the growth of axons of neuron by intracellular signaling cascades. Regulating the actin filament and microtubule dynamics as well as their interactions in growth cones played a key role in neurite outgrowth and axon guidance. Rho-GTPases and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), the two major intracellular signaling pathways had emerged in recent years as candidates for regulating the dynamics of actin filaments and microtubules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The axon outgrowth and guidance depend on well-coordinated cytoskeletal and reciprocal interaction dynamics which also mediate axon regeneration after spinal cord injury. Regulating activity of Rho-GTPases and GSK-3beta simultaneously may acts as key role to regulate the dynamics of cytoskeletal and to determine axon outgrowth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou Sichuan 646000, P R China. fdxlz2002@163.com
authors.forename: Daxiong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001369:Axons; D003599:Cytoskeleton; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins