title: Thrombin induces expression of twist and cell motility via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α translational pathway in colorectal cancer cells.
abstract: Deep vein thrombosis associated with advanced cancer is known as Trousseau's syndrome. We hypothesized that thrombin, an activator of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-4 contributes to tumor metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that thrombin and the PAR-1 activating peptide (AP) SFLLRN, but not the PAR-4 AP GYPGKF, induced HIF-1α activities, protein expression, and cell motility in colorectal cancer cells, and these actions were significantly inhibited by the PAR-1 antagonist SCH79797. Moreover, thrombin-induced HIF-1α activity and cell motility were blocked by inhibiting important mediators of signaling transduction, including the ERK, PI3K, and mTOR pathways. These results showed that thrombin induced HIF-1α protein expression through PAR-1 and HIF-1α translational de novo protein synthesis. Twist can regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increase tumor metastasis. However, we observed that thrombin-induced HIF-1α increased Twist mRNA and its protein level was mediated by the modulation of PAR-1 activation and the HIF-1α translational pathway. In addition, Twist could increase N-cadherin but not E-cadherin to promote tumor metastasis. Overexpression of dominant-negative HIF-1α reversed thrombin-mediated Twist and Twist-induced N-cadherin expression. Moreover, siTwist inhibited Twist-induced N-cadherin and Thrombin-induced cell motility. In conclusion, our study showed that thrombin-induced HIF-1α upregulated Twist at the transcriptional level to enhance cell motility. These findings show that thrombin upregulates Twist via HIF-1α to make tumor cells malignant and also establish a link between the coagulation disorder and cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Hsun
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Der-Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hui-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Shiow-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Che-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013917:Thrombin; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human