title: Bone regeneration in surgically created defects filled with autogenous bone: an epifluorescence microscopy analysis in rats.
abstract: Although the search for the ideal bone substitute has been the focus of a large number of studies, autogenous bone is still the gold standard for the filling of defects caused by pathologies and traumas, and mainly, for alveolar ridge reconstruction, allowing the titanium implants installation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of autogenous bone graft incorporation process to surgically created defects in rat calvaria, using epifluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five adult male rats weighing 200-300 g were used. The animals received two 5-mm-diameter bone defects bilaterally in each parietal bone with a trephine bur under general anesthesia. Two groups of defects were formed: a control group (n=5), in which the defects were filled with blood clot, and a graft group (n=5), in which the defects were filled with autogenous bone block, removed from the contralateral defect. The fluorochromes calcein and alizarin were applied at the 7th and 30th postoperative days, respectively. The animals were killed at 35 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mineralization process was more intense in the graft group (32.09%) and occurred mainly between 7 and 30 days, the period labeled by calcein (24.66%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fluorochromes showed to be appropriate to label mineralization areas. The interfacial areas between fluorochrome labels are important sources of information about the bone regeneration dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. mhguskuma@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marcos Heidy
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Guskuma
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hochuli-Vieira
authors.forename: Flávia Priscila
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Idelmo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rangel-Garcia Junior
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Tetuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Magro Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C010078:alizarin; C007740:fluorexon