title: Infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: analysis of 192 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence, characteristics and predictors of infections in patients with PM and DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 192 PM/DM patients followed up in a tertiary teaching medical centre from 1999 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six episodes of major infection, defined as infections requiring>1 week of treatment with anti-microbial agents, occurred in 53 (27.6%) patients, and 15 (7.8%) patients had two or more episodes. The incidence rate of major infections was 11.1 episodes per 100 patient-years in PM/DM patients. Aspiration pneumonia [n (%)=16 (21.1)] was the leading cause of major infections, followed by opportunistic infection [n (%)=14 (18.4)]. A variety of pathogens were isolated, mainly including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Mycobacterium. Overall patient survival rates were 85.0% at 1 year, 78.0% at 5 years and 78.0% at 10 years. However, after one episode of major infection, survival rates decreased to 84.7% at 30 days and 68.3% at 1 year. Multivariate analysis indicated that independent predictors of major infection were age>45 years at PM/DM onset [odds ratio (OR) 5.26; 95% CI 2.01, 13.77; P=0.001], presence of arthritis/arthalgia (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.12, 6.02; P=0.027), co-present interstitial lung disease (OR 7.24; 95% CI 2.67, 19.65; P<0.001), current use of AZA (OR 6.07; 95% CI 2.39, 15.42; P<0.001) or IVIG (OR 6.33; 95% CI 1.50, 26.77; P=0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study underlines the high frequency of major infections in PM/DM, which is significantly detrimental to patient survival rates. Close follow-up of PM/DM patients with risk factors for developing major infections is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kuei-Shan (333), Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China. gout@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: I-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Pin
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yeong-Jian Jan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shue-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Huei-Huang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Lieh-Bang
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Ji-Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chang-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chung-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kuang-Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015996:Survival Rate; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology