title: Antagonistic effect of flavonoids on NSC-741909-mediated antitumor activity via scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: NSC-741909 (1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1H-Indole-3-methanol) is a novel anticancer agent that is highly active against several NCI-60 cancer cell lines. This agent induces sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), including JNK and p38 MAP kinases. However, the mechanisms of its selective antitumor activity in some cancer cell lines remain unknown. We tested the combined effects of NSC-741909 and several kinase inhibitors that target the Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 or PI3K/AKT pathways in two sensitive lung cancer cells. We found that PD98059 (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone), a flavone derivative and a selective MEK inhibitor, can dramatically block the cell killing effect of NSC-741909. To determine whether this inhibitory effect is associated with MEK inhibition or other mechanisms, we evaluated the effects of other MEK inhibitors with different chemical structures and flavone derivatives that do not have an effect on MEK. We found that several flavonoids can markedly block NSC-741909-induced apoptosis and JNK activation in a time-dependent manner, regardless of whether they inhibit MEK or not. In contrast, NSC-741909-induced JNK activation and apoptosis were not blocked by other MEK-specific inhibitors U0126 and CI1040. Our results also showed that NSC-741909 induced a dramatic increase of reactive oxygen species in sensitive cells and that flavonoids effectively blocked the NSC-741909-induced reactive oxygen species production which are associated with flavonoids' antagonistic effects on NSC-741909-induced JNK activation and apoptosis. Those results demonstrated that flavonoids-mediated antagonist effect is through scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Our results may have implication on the design of clinical evaluation of antitumor activity of NSC-741909 or its analogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Wguo@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bingliang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007211:Indoles; C544349:NSC-741909; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one