title: Prognostic significance and therapeutic implications of centromere protein F expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our recent cDNA microarray data showed that centromere protein F (CENP-F) is significantly upregulated in primary cultured nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor cells compared with normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The goal of this study was to further investigate the levels of CENP-F expression in NPC cell lines and tissues to clarify the clinical significance of CENP-F expression in NPC as well as the potential therapeutic implications of CENP-F expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were used to examine CENP-F expression levels in normal primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NPEC), immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and NPC cell lines. Levels of CENP-F mRNA were determined by real-time RT-PCR in 23 freshly frozen nasopharyngeal biopsy tissues, and CENP-F protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections of 202 archival NPC tissues. Statistical analyses were applied to test for prognostic associations. The cytotoxicities of CENP-F potential target chemicals, zoledronic acid (ZOL) and FTI-277 alone, or in combination with cisplatin, in NPC cells were determined by the MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of CENP-F mRNA and protein were higher in NPC cell lines than in normal and immortalized NPECs. CENP-F mRNA level was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy tissues compared with noncancerous tissues. By immunohistochemical analysis, CENP-F was highly expressed in 98 (48.5%) of 202 NPC tissues. Statistical analysis showed that high expression of CENP-F was positively correlated with T classification (P < 0.001), clinical stage (P < 0.001), skull-base invasion (P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.012) inversely correlated with the overall survival time in NPC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that CENP-F expression was an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of the patient. Moreover, we found that ZOL or FTI-277 could significantly enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of NPC cell lines (HONE1 and 6-10B) with high CENP-F expression to cisplatin, although ZOL or FTI-277 alone only exhibited a minor inhibitory effect to NPC cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that CENP-F protein is a valuable marker of NPC progression, and CENP-F expression is associated with poor overall survival of patients. In addition, our data indicate a potential benefit of combining ZOL or FTI-277 with cisplatin in NPC suggesting that CENP-F expression may have therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China.
authors.forename: Jing-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Man-Zhi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chao-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Jian-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Li-Wu
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Mu-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015153:Blotting, Western; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C096856:FTI 277; D007093:Imidazoles; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C094772:centromere protein F; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D008715:Methionine; D002945:Cisplatin