title: Group X secretory phospholipase A(2) augments angiotensin II-induced inflammatory responses and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apoE-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex vascular disease characterized by matrix degradation and inflammation and is a major cause of mortality in older men. Specific interventions that prevent AAA progression remain to be identified. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Group X secretory phospholipase A(2) (GX sPLA(2)), an enzyme implicated in inflammatory processes, mediates AAA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GX sPLA(2) was detected by immunostaining in human aneurysmal tissue and in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAAs in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. GX sPLA(2) mRNA was increased significantly (11-fold) in abdominal aortas of apoE(-/-) mice in response to Ang II infusion. To define the role of GX sPLA(2) in experimental AAAs, apoE(-/-) and apoE(-/-) x GX sPLA(2)(-/-) (GX DKO) mice were infused with Ang II for either 10 (n=7) or 28 (n=24-26) days. Deficiency of GX sPLA(2) significantly reduced the incidence and severity of AAAs, as assessed by ultrasound measurements in vivo of aortic lumens and by computer-assisted morphometric analyses ex vivo of external diameter. Results from gene expression profiling indicated that the expression of specific matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory mediators was blunted in aortas from GX DKO mice compared to apoE(-/-) mice after 10-day Ang II infusion. Ang II induction of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-13 and MMP-14 was reduced significantly in GX DKO mice compared to apoE(-/-) mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GX sPLA(2) promotes Ang II-induced pathological responses leading to AAA formation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zack
authors.forename: Boris B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Boyanovsky
authors.forename: Preetha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shridas
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Howatt
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gelb
authors.forename: Frederick C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Beer
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daugherty
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D054509:Group X Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D007378:Interleukins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D054509:Group X Phospholipases A2; C516365:PLA2G10 protein, human; C516366:Pla2g10 protein, mouse; D045726:Metalloproteases