title: [Review of pulmonary Mycobacterium xenopi infection cases: 11 cases of our own and 18 other cases reported in Japan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical features of patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium xenopi infection treated at our hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We diagnosed 11 cases of M. xenopi infection at Tokyo National Hospital between 2000 and 2008 and recorded the drug susceptibility, patient characteristics, radiographic findings, treatments given and clinical courses. Eighteen other Japanese cases from the literature were discussed along with our findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cases of M. xenopi infection at our hospital consisted of 10 men and 1 woman with a mean age (+/- SD) of 55.1 +/- 19.4 years. Among the patients, 10 were smokers, 4 were heavy drinkers, and 6 had sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis as an underlying disorder. Four patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 2 had diabetes mellitus, while there were 2 patients who had no underlying disease. All cases had radiographic opacities, predominantly found in the upper lung region, and cavernous lesions. These findings were demonstrated in both lungs in 5 patients, in the right lung only in 5 patients and in the left lung only in 1 patient. Concurrent aspergillosis was observed in 8 patients. The bacterial isolates from 7 cases were tested for drug sensitivity to levofloxacin (LVFX) and were found to be susceptible. M. xenopi disease was treated in 5 cases with INH+RFP+EB, in 2 cases with INH+RFP+Clarithromycin (CAM), and in 1 case with RFP+EB+CAM. Concurrent aspergillosis was treated with itraconazole in 2 cases. One patient underwent surgery for lung cancer. The duration of treatment was 16.4 +/- 12.8 months (range, 4-36 months). The radiographic findings were improved in 4 cases, deteriorated in 2 and unchanged in 5. M. xenopi was eradicated bacteriologically in 6 cases. The combination of radiographic and bacteriological findings indicated improvement in 3 cases, no change in 6 and deterioration in 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review of our cases disclosed that medical treatment alone was not sufficient in most cases for the control of clinical M. xenopi infection as reported overseas. Although we did not use LVFX for treatment, LVFX might be recommended for the treatment since all isolates tested proved to be susceptible to LVFX.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1, Takeoka, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan. yoshi-matsui@nifty.com
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Atsuhisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kashizaki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ariga
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Nobuharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akagawa
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shouji
authors.forename: Yutsuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019912:Mycobacterium xenopi; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*