title: Behavioural and genetic evidence for C. elegans' ability to detect volatile chemicals associated with explosives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Automated standoff detection and classification of explosives based on their characteristic vapours would be highly desirable. Biologically derived odorant receptors have potential as the explosive recognition element in novel biosensors. Caenorhabditis elegans' genome contains over 1,000 uncharacterised candidate chemosensory receptors. It was not known whether any of these respond to volatile chemicals derived from or associated with explosives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assayed C. elegans for chemotactic responses to chemical vapours of explosives and compounds associated with explosives. C. elegans failed to respond to many of the explosive materials themselves but showed strong chemotaxis with a number of compounds associated with commercial or homemade explosives. Genetic mutant strains were used to identify the likely neuronal location of a putative receptor responding to cyclohexanone, which is a contaminant of some compounded explosives, and to identify the specific transduction pathway involved. Upper limits on the sensitivity of the nematode were calculated. A sensory adaptation protocol was used to estimate the receptive range of the receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that C. elegans may be a convenient source of highly sensitive, narrowly tuned receptors to detect a range of explosive-associated volatiles.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Entomology and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gock
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michie
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Alisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trowell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002633:Chemotaxis; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D009154:Mutation; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D053834:Explosive Agents; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds