title: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is associated with the metabolic syndrome among US youth aged 12-19 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the concentration of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on children and adolescents aged 12-19 years (n = 2734) from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the definition of MetS used, the mean non-HDL-C concentration among youth with MetS ranged from 144.2 to 155.8 mg/dL, compared with 108.8-109.1 mg/dL in those without MetS (all P < .001). The MetS prevalence ranged from 6.9% to 11.7% in youth with a non-HDL-C concentration of 120-144 mg/dL and from 21.5% to 23.4% in those with a concentration ≥ 145 mg/dL-both significantly higher than the prevalence of 1.9%-3.4% in youth with a concentration <120 mg/dL (all P < .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, youth with a non-HDL-C concentration ≥ 120 mg/dL or ≥ 145 mg/dL were about 3 or 4 times more likely to have MetS compared with those with a non-HDL-C <120 mg/dL or <145 mg/dL (all P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting non-HDL-C concentration was strongly associated with MetS in US youth. Our results support the use of non-HDL-C thresholds of 120 mg/dL and 145 mg/dL to indicate borderline and high MetS risk, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cli@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Peter O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Kwiterovich
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McCrindle
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gidding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL