title: A 15-year analysis of molecular epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China.
abstract: A comprehensive study of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in China was carried out by molecular characterization of the S1 gene from 46 isolates obtained for this study and 174 reference strains isolated over a 15-year period. Nine types were found according to sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the S1 gene. The co-circulation of multiple IBV types and the ongoing emergence of IBV variants are the epidemiological challenges in China. Factors contributing to the continual emergence include mutations, insertions and deletions in the S1 protein genes; recombination between local IBV strains circulating in chicken flocks in China; and recombination between local strains and vaccine strains. Vaccination-challenge analysis between circulating field strains and Mass-type H120 vaccine indicated the need to develop new vaccines from local IBV strains. These results also emphasize the importance of continued IBV surveillance in China.
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongxi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chuyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Baolong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chengren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qingxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yazhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Qiaoran
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiangang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Shengwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers