title: Onset of action of indacaterol in patients with COPD: comparison with salbutamol and salmeterol-fluticasone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  indacaterol is a novel, inhaled once-daily ultra-long-acting β(2)-agonist for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  this study compared the onset of action of single doses of indacaterol 150 and 300 μg with salbutamol 200 μg, salmeterol-fluticasone 50/500 μg, and placebo in moderate-to-severe COPD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  this was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The primary variable was forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) at five minutes postdose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  out of 89 patients randomized (mean age 62 years), 86 completed the study. At five minutes postdose, both indacaterol doses were statistically and clinically superior to placebo (P < 0.001), with treatment-placebo differences in FEV(1) of 100 (95% confidence interval [CI] 70-130) mL and 120 (95% CI 90-150) mL for indacaterol 150 and 300 μg, respectively. FEV(1) at five minutes postdose with both indacaterol doses was numerically higher than for salbutamol (10 and 30 mL for indacaterol 150 and 300 μg, respectively) and significantly higher than for salmeterol-fluticasone (50 mL, P = 0.003; 70 mL, P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, both indacaterol doses showed significantly higher FEV(1) than placebo (P < 0.001) at all postdose time points. The numbers of patients with an FEV(1) increase of at least 12% and 200 mL at five minutes postdose were 16 (18.8%), 24 (27.6%), 20 (23.3%), 8 (9.1%), and 3 (3.4%) for indacaterol 150 and 300 μg, salbutamol 200 μg, salmeterol-fluticasone 50/500 μg, and placebo, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  single doses of indacaterol 150 and 300 μg demonstrated a fast onset of action similar to that for salbutamol and faster than that for salmeterol-fluticasone.
authors.affiliation: Csongrád Megyei OnkormányzatMellkasi Betegségek Szakkórháza, Deszk, Hungary.
authors.forename: Beatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balint
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watz
authors.forename: Carolynn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; C510790:indacaterol; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000420:Albuterol