title: Spontaneous type 1 electrocardiographic pattern is associated with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging changes in Brugada syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) and a spontaneous type 1 ECG are considered to be at greater increased risk for sudden cardiac death than are patients with an abnormal ECG only after administration of sodium channel blockers and therefore represent a more severe phenotype. Thus, it can be hypothesized that in the presence of a more severe electrical phenotype, structural and functional changes are more likely expected because electrical changes can play a causal role in producing structural changes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the different ECG manifestations in patients with BrS are associated with structural changes detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 69 consecutive patients with proven BrS and 30 healthy controls. Twenty-six patients had a spontaneous diagnostic type 1 BrS ECG; the remainder had a type 1 response to ajmaline provocation. Left and right ventricular volumes and dimensions were assessed and compared with respect to ECG pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The right ventricular outflow tract area was significantly enlarged in patients with a spontaneous type 1 ECG compared to patients with a nondiagnostic resting ECG or controls (11 cm(2), 9 cm(2), and 9 cm(2), respectively, P < .05). Patients with a spontaneous type 1 BrS ECG revealed significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction than did patients with a nondiagnostic resting ECG and controls (56 ± 5 vs 59 ± 5 vs 60 ± 4, respectively, P < .05) and significantly lower right ventricular ejection fraction (54 ± 5 vs 59 ± 5, P = .001) as well as end-systolic volumes compared to controls (34 ± 9 mL/m(2) vs 28 ± 79 mL/m(2), P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a spontaneous type 1 BrS ECG reveal significantly functional and morphological alterations in both the left and right ventricles compared to patients with basal nondiagnostic ECG or controls.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Theano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Papavassiliu
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veltmann
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doesch
authors.forename: Dariusch
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haghi
authors.forename: Tjeerd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Germans
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schimpf
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolpert
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borggrefe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053840:Brugada Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016276:Ventricular Function