title: Toll-like receptor 4 can recognize SapC-DOPS to stimulate macrophages to express several cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SapC-DOPS is a newly combined compound consisting of saposin C and dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS). Our recent study showed that SapC-DOPS exhibits anti-tumor activity. However, SapC-DOPS has recognition elements of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4; therefore, we want to know whether SapC-DOPS can induce abnormal immunoreaction via identification TLRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the capacity of SapC-DOPS to induce cytokines in vivo and in vitro and analyzed the involvement of TLR and NF-kB in these cytokines production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SapC-DOPS could activate the cytokine production by peripheral macrophages, enhance the expressions of TLR4 and stimulate the NF-κB nuclear translocation. PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, could decrease the SapC-DOPS inducible TNF-α and IL-1β production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SapC-DOPS was similar to LPS in the immune response and may induce the production of cytokines in macrophages via the TLR4 signaling pathway and, at least in part, the alteration of the NF-κB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab of Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kaihua
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Guangfeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hongna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Yayi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049231:Saposins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D049231:Saposins; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4