title: Microvascular bone grafting: a new long-term solution for intraosseous arteriovenous malformations of the mandible in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the maxillofacial area are rarely reported in the current literature. These malformations have been associated with severe hemorrhage resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The recommended gold standard treatment of AVMs is an endovascular embolization, combined with surgery. Especially in children, disease management remains a challenge for the surgeon due to the process of bone growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this report, we describe our experience with a microvascular bone graft as another possible surgical technique for the treatment of intraosseous AVMs in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 15-year-old boy was admitted to our department with a life-threatening hemorrhage due to an AVM of the left mandible. The attempt of an ordinary tooth extraction had lead to the emergency. Several embolizations and surgical interventions were required. Finally, a bony reconstruction with a microvascular bone graft from the right iliac crest was performed in order to achieve a normal form and function of the mandible. Postoperative recovery of the patient was unremarkable, and no recurrence was reported. Dental rehabilitation and a good esthetic outcome were achieved by insertion of dental implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The performed interventions resulted in a complete anatomic and clinical cure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest microvascular bone grafts from the anterior iliac crest as a valuable alternative in the long-term treatment of intraosseous AVMs, especially for extensive defects and in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81679 Munich, Germany. nadine.bagherzadegan@web.de
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bagherzadegan
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hohlweg-Majert
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mücke
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haerle
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deppe
authors.forename: Klaus-Dietrich
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hölzle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000502:physiology; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D006472:Oral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects