title: Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delirium is a serious postoperative condition for which few pharmacologic prevention trials have been conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors tested the efficacy of perioperative olanzapine administration to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly patients after joint-replacement surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prophylaxis trial at an orthopedic teaching hospital, enrolling 495 elderly patients age ≥65 years, who were undergoing elective knee- or hip-replacement surgery; 400 patients received either 5 mg of orally-disintegrating olanzapine or placebo just before and after surgery. The primary efficacy outcome was the incidence of (DSM-III-R) delirium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of delirium was significantly lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo group; this held true for both knee- and hip-replacement surgery. However, delirium lasted longer and was more severe in the olanzapine group. Advanced age, a high level of medical comorbidity, an abnormal albumin level, and having knee-replacement surgery were independent risk factors for postoperative delirium (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT000699946).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of 10 mg of oral olanzapine perioperatively, versus placebo, was associated with a significantly lower incidence of delirium. These findings suggest that olanzapine prophylaxis of postoperative delirium may be an effective strategy.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Theodore A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Lori Lyn
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gulczynski
authors.forename: Benjamin E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bierbaum
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hoikala
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003693:Delirium / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine