title: Tobacco treatment practices of pharmacists in Montana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the tobacco treatment practices of Montana pharmacists, evaluate pharmacist interest in addressing tobacco use, and identify perceived barriers to delivery of tobacco cessation services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Montana in February 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  192 pharmacists attending an annual continuing professional education program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Attendees at 11 meeting sites throughout the state completed the survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacists' use of the U.S. Clinical Practice Guideline 5 A's (ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange) in regard to tobacco cessation services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of program attendees, 76% (192 of 253) completed the 35-item survey. More than one-half (58%) of respondents were men, and 90% were white. Respondents were licensed for a median of 22.5 years and dispensed a median of 1,000 prescriptions per week. The percent of pharmacists who treated one or more patients using the 5 A's in the preceding 30 days were as follows: asked about tobacco use, 39%; advised to quit smoking, 54%; assessed for readiness to quit smoking, 36%; assisted with quitting (i.e., cessation counseling), 46%; assisted with advice to use nonprescription cessation medication, 62%; assisted with advice to use prescription cessation medication, 54%; arranged for a follow-up appointment for additional counseling, 6%; and referred to a tobacco quit line, 23%. Most respondents (58%) reported that providing cessation services within routine practice was moderately or highly feasible. The most frequently cited barriers to providing cessation services included lack of time (52%), reimbursement (26%), and training (19%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few Montana pharmacists are routinely asking patients about tobacco use in a typical month. However, the majority of pharmacists reported that it would be feasible to provide more tobacco cessation activities within routine pharmacy practice. Addressing barriers related to workload, reimbursement, and training would likely increase the number of pharmacists who provide tobacco cessation services.
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula 59812, USA. larry.dent@umontana.edu
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Kari Jo
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Curtis W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Noonan
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation; D014026:Nicotiana