title: Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme induces hypomethylation of genome DNA and histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) in human oral cancer cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methylation of CpG islands of genome DNA and lysine residues of histone H3 and H4 tails regulates gene transcription. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis by ornithine decarboxylase antizyme-1 (OAZ) in human oral cancer cell line resulted in accumulation of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM), which acts as a competitive inhibitor of methylation reactions. We anticipated that accumulation of dcSAM impaired methylation reactions and resulted in hypomethylation of genome DNA and histone tails.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global methylation state of genome DNA and lysine residues of histone H3 and H4 tails were assayed by Methylation by Isoschizomers (MIAMI) method and western blotting, respectively, in the presence or absence of OAZ expression. Ectopic expression of OAZ mediated hypomethylation of CpG islands of genome DNA and histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). Protein level of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) and histone H3K9me specific methyltransferase G9a were down-regulated in OAZ transfectant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OAZ induced hypomethylation of CpG islands of global genome DNA and H3K9me2 by down-regulating DNMT3B and G9a protein level. Hypomethylation of CpG islands of genome DNA and histone H3K9me2 is a potent mechanism of induction of the genes related to tumor suppression and DNA double strand break repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Chang Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guo-Fu
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008745:Methylation; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D006657:Histones; D008239:Lysine; D011506:Proteins; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C031017:ornithine decarboxylase antizyme