title: Tumor cell budding from focally disrupted tumor capsules: a common pathway for all breast cancer subtype derived invasion?
abstract: Human breast cancer represents a group of highly heterogeneous lesions consisting of about 20 morphologically and immnohistochemically distinct subtypes with substantially different prognoses. Our recent studies have suggested that all breast cancer subtypes, however, may share a common pathway, tumor cell budding from focally disrupted tumor capsules, for their invasion. The potential mechanisms and clinical implications of our observations are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic and Breast Research Laboratory, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and American Registry of Pathology, Washington DC, USA, and Jilin University, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Gao
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Man