title: Diverse associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D with dyslipidaemias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have suggested a link between circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) and dyslipidaemias. However, it is not known whether 25-D and the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) have similar associations with dyslipidaemias. Therefore, we studied the associations between both 25-D and 1,25-D and total cholesterol (total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides in a population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kuopio, Eastern Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 909 men, aged from 45 to 70 years, who were not receiving antidiabetic medication were enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting serum samples were obtained for measurement of 25-D, 1,25-D and lipid levels. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant inverse association between 25-D and total-C, LDL-C and triglycerides (β = -0.15, -0.13 and -0.17, respectively, P < 0.001), but no association between 25-D and HDL-C was observed. By contrast, 1,25-D was associated with HDL-C (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), whereas no relationship was found between 1,25-D and LDL-C or triglycerides. The associations remained significant after the exclusion of subjects receiving statin treatment and after adjustment for age, waist circumference, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, renal function, glucose tolerance and Matsuda ISI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low levels of active vitamin D (1,25-D) are associated with low HDL-C levels, whereas low levels of the storage form 25-D are associated with high levels of total-C, LDL-C and triglycerides. Our findings may provide new insights into the understanding of the link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. pauli.karhapaa@kuh.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karhapää
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pihlajamäki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pörsti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kastarinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuusisto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; D002784:Cholesterol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D