Tourette's Disorder.
Tourette's disorder (TD) is a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics. TD frequently occurs with other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and may contribute to reduced quality of life and disability. Currently available treatments to reduce tics are limited by variable clinical response and frequent adverse effects. They include alpha-2 agonists, antipsychotics (first and second generation), tetrabenazine, benzodiazepines, and habit reversal therapy. Some new and emerging (but unproven) treatments are also discussed, including topiramate and dopamine agonists. In addition, there is increasing interest in deep brain stimulation, but this is not yet ready for general use.
Lyon
Gholson J
GJ
Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, 99 Beauvoir Avenue, Summit, NJ, 07902, USA.
Shprecher
David
D
Coffey
Barbara
B
Kurlan
Roger
R