Antitumor progression potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester involving p75(NTR) in C6 glioma cells.
The previous data showed that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of propolis, possesses inducing cell cycle arrest and antiproliferation effect on C6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, C6 glioma cells treated with CAPE resulted in morphological changes to an astrocytic phenotype and increased the expression of glial differentiation marker proteins including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100β. In addition, with scratch assay and Boyden chamber assay, CAPE exhibited inhibitory effects on the motility and invasion of C6 glioma cells. Furthermore, CAPE induced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)), which were involved in neural cell differentiation. CAPE could also inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and induce the expression of RhoB, a tumor suppressor. To examine the involvement of p75(NTR) in the anti-invasive property of CAPE, Western blotting and Boyden Chamber assay were performed by addition of an anti-p75(NTR) antibody in C6 cells. The results showed that blocking p75(NTR) could decrease the CAPE-induced expression of RhoB and the inactivation of MMP-2, -9 as well as the anti-invasion effect in C6 glioma cells. Furthermore, CAPE suppressed IκB-α phosphorylation which was down stream of p75(NTR). Finally, the effect of CAPE on metastasis by lung colonization of the tumor cell in nude mice was also evaluated. It was found that the groups of nude mice injected with CAPE-pretreated cells could decrease both lung size and weight as compared to the positive control group which did not receive CAPE treatment. In addition, histological examination of the mouse lung sections showed that the CAPE-treated group inhibited the metastasis of C6 glioma cells. These data suggest CAPE possesses antitumor progression potential.
Lin
Wea-Lung
WL
Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Liang
Wen-Hai
WH
Lee
Yean-Jang
YJ
Chuang
Shien-Kai
SK
Tseng
Tsui-Hwa
TH
D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D000906:Antibodies; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol