title: Acute extrapyramidal dysfunction in two HIV-infected children.
abstract: Involvement of the basal ganglia is well documented in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, often with calcification. High concentrations of HIV protein have been detected in affected basal ganglia, although extrapyramidal dysfunction, in contrast to adults, is infrequently encountered in HIV-infected children. We describe the clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging appearance and outcome of two HIV-infected children who presented with acute debilitating extrapyramidal dysfunction. The cases highlight the importance of immune competence, co-existence of opportunistic infections, HIV testing of all children of HIV-infected mothers and magnetic resonance imaging when assessing the severity and anticipating outcomes of movement disorders in HIV-infected children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. regan@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: Regan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solomons
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slogrove
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoeman
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Zyl
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maritz
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Toorn
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male