title: Caloric restriction, aerobic exercise training and soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 levels in overweight and obese post-menopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated circulating levels of soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) have been observed in obese persons and are reduced by weight loss. However, it is not known whether combining caloric restriction (CR) with exercise training is better in reducing sLOX-1 levels than CR alone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether the addition of aerobic exercise to a weight loss intervention differentially affects sLOX-1 levels in 61 abdominally obese post-menopausal women randomly assigned to a CR only (n = 22), CR+moderate-intensity exercise (n = 22) or CR+vigorous-intensity exercise (n = 17) intervention for 20 weeks. The caloric deficit was ~2800 kcal per week for all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention groups were similar at baseline with respect to body weight, body composition, lipids and blood pressure. However, plasma sLOX-1 levels were higher in the CR-only group (99.90 ± 8.23 pg ml(-1)) compared with both the CR+moderate-intensity exercise (69.39 ± 8.23 pg ml(-1), P = 0.01) and the CR+vigorous-intensity exercise (72.83 ± 9.36 pg ml(-1), P = 0.03) groups. All three interventions significantly reduced body weight (~14%), body fat and waist and hip circumferences to a similar degree. These changes were accompanied by a 23% reduction in sLOX-1 levels overall (-19.00 ± 30.08 pg ml(-1), P < 0.0001), which did not differ among intervention groups (P = 0.13). Changes in body weight, body fat and maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2) max) were not correlated with changes in sLOX-1 levels. In multiple regression analyses in all women combined, baseline sLOX-1 levels (β = -0.70 ± 0.06, P < 0.0001), age (β = 0.92 ± 0.43, P = 0.03) and baseline body mass index (BMI) (β = 1.88 ± 0.66, P = 0.006) were independent predictors of the change in sLOX-1 with weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss interventions of equal energy deficit have similar effects on sLOX-1 levels in overweight and obese post-menopausal women, with the addition of aerobic exercise having no added benefit when performed in conjunction with CR.
authors.affiliation: J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. tbrinkle@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Brinkley
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuoka
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nicklas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D051131:Receptors, Oxidized LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051131:Receptors, Oxidized LDL; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E