title: Resin restorations: causes of porosities.
abstract: Porosities in composite resin can be incorporated at many stages of packaging and placement. Porosities can be minimized through vacuum loading of syringes and use of light-curing materials that require minimal handling. Even so, the method of placement of the material can lead to inclusion of submicron bubbles in the resin or formation of structures and pockets that can trap air at the surface. The consequences of material viscosity, method of placement, and cavity design are examined in relation to porosity incorporation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry C12, University of Sydney, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ironside
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Makinson
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003772:Dental Pins; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008434:Matrix Bands; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013594:Syringes; D014618:Vacuum; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials