Long-acting local anesthetics and perioperative pain management.
Although the use of long-acting local anesthetics has become a useful therapeutic approach for managing peri- and postoperative pain, recent evidence reveals unexpected outcomes. This article reviews the clinical use of long-acting local anesthetics, presents current clinical research findings, and makes recommendations for their use.
Gordon
Sharon M
SM
Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. sgordon@umaryland.edu
Mischenko
Anastasia V
AV
Dionne
Raymond A
RA
D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine