title: Frequency of major noncardiac surgery and subsequent adverse events in the year after drug-eluting stent placement results from the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the frequency of noncardiac surgery and adverse post-operative events among patients who recently received a drug-eluting stent (DES) following noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little is known about frequency of and risks associated with noncardiac surgery after DES implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) registry, consecutive patients who underwent attempted stent placement at 42 hospitals between July 2004 and September 2005 were enrolled and followed for 1 year. In this study, we analyzed patients who received ≥ 1 DES to determine the frequency of noncardiac surgery and cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis in the following week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 4,637 DES recipients, 206 (4.4%) underwent major noncardiac surgery in the following year (median days to surgery: 179 [interquartile range 112 to 266 days; range 13 to 360 days]). Overall, stent use averaged 1.5 per patient. The most frequent operations were orthopedic (36%), abdominal (31%), and vascular (20%). Compared with patients who did not undergo surgery, those who did were older, more likely to be women, and have had a prior stroke; the frequencies of prior myocardial infarction, prior coronary artery bypass graft, and diabetes were similar, as were left ventricular ejection fraction and indication for percutaneous coronary intervention. In the 7 days after surgery, 4 patients had a cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis (1.9% [exact 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5% to 4.9%]). The risk of the composite outcome was increased 27-fold in the week following noncardiac surgery compared with any other week after stent implantation (hazard ratio [HR]: 27.3 [95% CI: 10.0 to 74.2], p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of major noncardiac surgery in the year after DES placement is >4%. Although the overall risk of adverse outcomes was less than previously reported when surgery is performed months after DES placement, it is significantly increased in the week after major noncardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822-4400, USA. pbberger@geisinger.edu
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Neal S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kleiman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pencina
authors.forename: Wen-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhubl
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeremias
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonel
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barseness
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult