title: Liver-specific Ldb1 deletion results in enhanced liver cancer development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  LIM-domain-binding (Ldb) proteins have been demonstrated to be essential not only to key embryonic developmental processes but also to carcinogenesis. We have previously demonstrated Ldb1 to be of high biological and developmental relevance, as a targeted deletion of the Ldb1 gene in mice results in an embryonic lethal and pleiotropic phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have now established a liver-specific Ldb1 knock out to investigate the role of Ldb1 in carcinogenesis, in particular in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These mice demonstrated a significantly enhanced growth of liver cancer by means of tumor size and number, advocating for an essential role of Ldb1 in HCC development. In addition, proliferation and resistance against apoptosis were increased. In order to identify the functional disturbances due to a lack of Ldb1, we performed a 15k mouse gene microarray expression analysis. We found the Myc oncogene to be regulated in the microarray analysis and were able to further confirm this regulation by demonstrating an over-expression of its downstream target Cyclin D1. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate a down-regulation of the tumor suppressor p21. Finally, the liver stem cell marker EpCAM was also identified to be over expressed in Ldb1(-/-) knock out mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established a significant role of Ldb1 in cancer development. Furthermore, we provided evidence for a myc/cyclin D1, p21, and EpCAM-dependent signalling to be key downstream regulators of this novel concept in HCC development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. teufel@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teufel
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maass
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanzler
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biesterfeld
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Galle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C102084:Ldb1 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm