title: Arthroscopic restoration of terminal elbow extension in high-level athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although most people can lead near-normal lives with a limited but functional arc of elbow motion, athletes may find loss of terminal extension severely impairing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Arthroscopic contracture release is effective in restoring full elbow extension in athletes whose loss of terminal extension impairs their intensities and/or levels of performance in sport.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2007, 24 athletes (26 elbows; mean age, 38 years [range, 12-58]) whose chief complaint was limited elbow extension (≤35°) underwent arthroscopic release of contractures (average follow-up, 33 months [range, 12-88]). All the patients were classified according to a sport-specific scoring system using the subjective patient outcome for return to sports score and the summary outcome determination score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 26 elbows improved subjectively and objectively with surgery. Of the 26 elbows, 25 were rated by the patients as normal (n = 15) or near-normal (n = 10) at final follow-up. Pain during intense sporting activities was absent in 17, mild and occasional without affecting performance in 6, and severe enough to affect performance in 1. Of the 24 patients (26 elbows), 22 patients (23 elbows) returned to the same sport at the same level of intensity and performance as before injury. Two patients (3 elbows) returned to the same sport but failed to reach their preinjury levels of performance. Extension improved in all patients, with the average flexion contracture decreasing from 27° ± 7° (range, 10°-35°) to 6° ± 9° (range, 10° of hyperextension to 25°; P < .001). Lack of extension was not a residual impairment factor in any patients. Three patients developed delayed-onset ulnar neuropathy after surgery, 2 of which were treated by subcutaneous transposition. All 3 resolved completely, 2 within the first 6 weeks; the other took longer than a year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The arthroscopic release of contractures is a predictable technique to achieve a highly functional elbow in athletes.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blonna
authors.forename: Gwo-Chin
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shawn W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: O'Driscoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D004550:Elbow / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D000092464:Elbow Injuries