title: Individual- and neighborhood-level factors associated with nonprescription counseling in pharmacies participating in the New York State Expanded Syringe Access Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the individual- and neighborhood-level predictors of frequent nonprescription in-pharmacy counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  New York City (NYC) during January 2008 to March 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  130 pharmacies registered in the Expanded Syringe Access Program (ESAP) completed a survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  477 pharmacists, nonpharmacist owners/managers, and technicians/clerks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequent counseling on medical conditions, health insurance, and other products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technicians were less likely than pharmacists to provide frequent counseling on medical conditions or health insurance. Regarding neighborhood-level characteristics, pharmacies in areas of high employment disability were less likely to provide frequent health insurance counseling and pharmacies in areas with higher deprivation were more likely to provide counseling on other products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESAP pharmacy staff members are a frequent source of nonprescription counseling for their patients in disadvantaged neighborhoods of NYC. These findings suggest that ESAP pharmacy staff may be amenable to providing relevant counseling services to injection drug users and warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York 10029, USA. arivera@nyam.org
authors.forename: Alexis V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaney
authors.forename: Natalie D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Kellee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amesty
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs; D009519:New York City; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010595:Pharmacists; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012931:Social Environment; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs