title: Expression of Cyr61 (CCN1) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: An independent marker for poor prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61 [CCN1]) has disparate functions in tumorigenesis that are dependent on the cell types. The aim of the study was to investigate its role in the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used immunohistochemistry to examine Cyr61 expression in 93 oral SCC specimens and assessed the effect of Cyr61 overexpression on proliferation and migration of oral SCC cells in vitro and xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High expression of Cyr61 significantly correlated with large tumor size (p = .009) and advanced tumor stage (p = .036). Multivariate analysis revealed that high Cyr61 (relative risk [RR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.209-4.95, p = .010) significantly correlated with mortality. Forced expression of Cyr61 stimulated the motility and growth of Ca9-22 cells in vitro and enhanced xenograft growth in SCID mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyr61 is a positive growth modulator of oral SCC and Cyr61 overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with oral SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sang-Heng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Hao-Hueng
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ju-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hsin-Chia
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chiao-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chun-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Cheing-Meei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mark Yen-Ping
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61