title: Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine after consumption of various beverages and foods--misleading results?
abstract: Urine testing for ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is used to spot recent alcohol intake and is utilized to document alcohol abstinence. However, other possible sources of ethanol existed when special beverages or foods were ingested. EtG concentration curves in urine were measured after the consumption of non-alcoholic beers, fruit juices, sauerkraut, and matured bananas. Using a cutoff of 0.1 mg/l, positive EtG findings were revealed after the ingestion of a lot of non-alcoholic beer up to 13 h later, sauerkraut up to 5 h later, and matured bananas up to 3.5 h later. In German abstinence programs, subjects have to deliver a urine sample within 24 h after advice, and all participants are informed about possible misleading results caused by the consumption of certain beverages or foods. With respect to the present results, a 0.1 mg/l cutoff can be considered useful, and misleading results should not be expected from informed subjects within a 24-h waiting period.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111, Bonn, Germany. f.musshoff@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Musshoff
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albermann
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Madea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000652:urine*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D004326:Drinking; D004435:Eating; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D028521:Musa; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; C093924:ethyl glucuronide; D000431:Ethanol; C011612:diethyl sulfate