title: The XPD subunit of TFIIH is required for transcription-associated but not DNA double-strand break-induced recombination in mammalian cells.
abstract: Mutations in the XPD gene can give rise to three phenotypically distinct disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD) or combined XP and Cockayne syndrome (CS) (XP/CS). The role of Xeroderma Pigmentosum group D protein (XPD) in nucleotide excision repair explains the increased risk of skin cancer in XP patients but not all the clinical phenotypes found in XP/CS or TTD patients. Here, we describe that the XPD-defective UV5 cell line is impaired in transcription-associated recombination (TAR), which can be reverted by the introduction of the wild-type XPD gene expressed from a vector. UV5 cells are defective in TAR, despite having intact transcription and homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Interestingly, we find reduced spontaneous HR in XPD-defective cells, suggesting that transcription underlies a portion of spontaneous HR events. We also report that transcription-coupled repair (TCR)-defective cells, mutated in the Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) protein, have a defect in TAR, but not in DSB-induced HR. However, the TAR defect may be associated with a general transcription defect in CSB-deficient cells. In conclusion, we show a novel role for the XPD protein in TAR, linking TAR with TCR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Helleday
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D008954:Models, Biological; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein