title: Xanthines as adenosine receptor antagonists.
abstract: The natural plant alkaloids caffeine and theophylline were the first adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists described in the literature. They exhibit micromolar affinities and are non-selective. A large number of derivatives and analogues were subsequently synthesized and evaluated as AR antagonists. Very potent antagonists have thus been developed with selectivity for each of the four AR subtypes.
authors.affiliation: University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany. christa.mueller@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Christa E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D014970:Xanthines; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline