title: The value of defibrillator electrograms for recognition of clinical ventricular tachycardias and for pace mapping of post-infarction ventricular tachycardia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the value of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) electrograms (EGMs) in identifying clinically documented ventricular tachycardias (VTs).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) of spontaneous VT often are not available in patients referred for catheter ablation of post-infarction VT. Many of these patients have ICDs, and the ability of ICD EGMs to identify a specific configuration of VT has not been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 21 consecutive patients referred for catheter ablation of post-infarction VT, 124 VTs (mean cycle length: 393 ± 103 ms) were induced, and ICD EGMs were recorded during VT. Clinical VT had been documented with 12-lead ECGs in 15 of 21 patients. The 12-lead ECGs of the clinical VTs were compared with 64 different inducible VTs (mean cycle length: 390 ± 91 ms) to assess how well the ICD EGMs differentiated the clinical VTs from the other induced VTs. The exit site of 62 VTs (mean cycle length: 408 ± 112 ms) was identified by pace mapping (10 to 12 of 12 matching leads). The spatial resolution of pace mapping to identify a VT exit site was determined for both the 12-lead ECGs and the ICD EGMs using a customized MATLAB program (version 7.5, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of stored EGMs by comparison of receiver-operating characteristic curve cutoff values accurately distinguished the clinical VTs from 98% of the other inducible VTs. The mean spatial resolution of a 12-lead ECG pace map for the VT exit site was 2.9 ± 4.0 cm(2) (range 0 to 17.5 cm(2)) compared with 8.9 ± 9.0 cm(2) (range 0 to 35 cm(2)) for ICD EGM pace maps. The spatial resolution of pace mapping varied greatly between patients and between VTs. The spatial resolution of ICD EGMs was < 1.0 cm(2) for ≥ 1 of the target VTs in 12 of 21 patients and 19 of 62 VTs. By visual inspection of the ICD EGMs, 96% of the clinical VTs were accurately differentiated from previously undocumented VTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stored ICD EGMs usually are an accurate surrogate for 12-lead ECGs for differentiating clinical VTs from other VTs. Pace mapping based on ICD EGMs has variable resolution but may be useful for identifying a VT exit site.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tzu-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hero
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokokawa
authors.forename: Sanjaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morady
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D012372:ROC Curve; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery