Memory and effector CD8 T-cell responses after nanoparticle vaccination of melanoma patients.
Induction of cytotoxic CD8 T-cell responses is enhanced by the exclusive presentation of antigen through dendritic cells, and by innate stimuli, such as toll-like receptor ligands. On the basis of these 2 principles, we designed a vaccine against melanoma. Specifically, we linked the melanoma-specific Melan-A/Mart-1 peptide to virus-like nanoparticles loaded with A-type CpG, a ligand for toll-like receptor 9. Melan-A/Mart-1 peptide was cross-presented, as shown in vitro with human dendritic cells and in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. A phase I/II study in stage II-IV melanoma patients showed that the vaccine was well tolerated, and that 14/22 patients generated ex vivo detectable T-cell responses, with in part multifunctional T cells capable to degranulate and produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. No significant influence of the route of immunization (subcutaneous versus intradermal) nor dosing regimen (weekly versus daily clusters) could be observed. It is interesting to note that, relatively large fractions of responding specific T cells exhibited a central memory phenotype, more than what is achieved by other nonlive vaccines. We conclude that vaccination with CpG loaded virus-like nanoparticles is associated with a human CD8 T-cell response with properties of a potential long-term immune protection from the disease.
Speiser
Daniel E
DE
Clinical Tumor Immune-Biology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne branch, Switzerland. daniel.speiser@hospvd.ch
Schwarz
Katrin
K
Baumgaertner
Petra
P
Manolova
Vania
V
Devevre
Estelle
E
Sterry
Wolfram
W
Walden
Peter
P
Zippelius
Alfred
A
Conzett
Katrin Baumann
KB
Senti
Gabriela
G
Voelter
Verena
V
Cerottini
Jean-Philippe
JP
Guggisberg
David
D
Willers
Jörg
J
Geldhof
Christine
C
Romero
Pedro
P
Kündig
Thomas
T
Knuth
Alexander
A
Dummer
Reinhard
R
Trefzer
Uwe
U
Bachmann
Martin F
MF
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D058965:MART-1 Antigen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle