title: Perioperative statin therapy reduces mortality in normolipidemic patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins might have pleiotropic effects, independent of their ability to reduce lipid levels. Recent data have suggested that statins improve early survival and cardiovascular outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The effectiveness of statin therapy in normolipidemic cardiac surgery patients is as yet unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 3056 consecutive patients who had undergone cardiac surgery between April 2004 and April 2009. Perioperative statin therapy was defined as continued treatment both before (≥ 6 months) and after the index surgery (included as a discharge medication). Hyperlipidemia (HL) was defined as a total cholesterol level greater than 200 mg/dL within 6 months before surgery. Four groups were analyzed: (1) statin-untreated normolipidemic (NL-, n = 1052); (2) statin-treated normolipidemic (NL+, n = 206); (3) statin-untreated hyperlipidemic (HL-, n = 638); and (4) statin-treated hyperlipidemic (HL+, n = 1160) patients. Adjusted hazard ratios accounted for the known preoperative cardiac risk factors. Mortality was ascertained by retrospective database review and the Social Security Death Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up was 2.2 years. The crude rate of 30-day mortality was 3.0% (32/1052), 0% (0/206), 8.0% (51/638), and 0.7% (8/1160) for the NL-, NL+, HL-, and HL+ groups, respectively. The overall all-cause crude mortality rate was 9.6% (101/1052), 3.9% (8/206), 17.2% (110/638), and 6.5% (75/1160) for the NL-, NL+, HL-, and HL+ groups, respectively. Statin therapy for NL patients undergoing cardiac surgery independently reduced the overall all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.71; P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative statin therapy was associated with reduced mid-term mortality for patients undergoing cardiac surgery, irrespective of their baseline lipid status. This clinical evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of statins might extend beyond their lipid-lowering ability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Muthiah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaduganathan
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: S Chris
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Malaisrie
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silverberg
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002641:Chicago; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors