title: Heat shock protein 90 inhibition depletes LATS1 and LATS2, two regulators of the mammalian hippo tumor suppressor pathway.
abstract: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which regulates the functions of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, has emerged as a novel anticancer therapeutic target, and multiple small-molecule HSP90 inhibitors are now in clinical trials. Although the effects of HSP90 inhibitors on oncogenic signaling pathways have been extensively studied, the effects of these agents on tumor suppressor signaling pathways are currently unknown. Here, we have examined how HSP90 inhibitors affect LATS1 and the related protein LATS2, two kinases that relay antiproliferative signals in the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Both LATS1 and LATS2 were depleted from cells treated with the HSP90 inhibitors 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), radicicol, and PU-H71. Moreover, these kinases interacted with HSP90, and LATS1 isolated from 17-AAG-treated cells had reduced catalytic activity, thus showing that the kinase is a bona fide HSP90 client. Importantly, LATS1 signaling was disrupted by 17-AAG in tumor cell lines in vitro and clinical ovarian cancers in vivo as shown by reduced levels of LATS1 and decreased phosphorylation of the LATS substrate YAP, an oncoprotein transcriptional coactivator that regulates genes involved in cell and tissue growth, including the CTGF gene. Consistent with the reduced YAP phosphorylation, there were increased levels of CTGF, a secreted protein that is implicated in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Taken together, these results identify LATS1 and LATS2 as novel HSP90 clients and show that HSP90 inhibitors can disrupt the LATS tumor suppressor pathway in human cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huntoon
authors.forename: Monica D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nye
authors.forename: Liyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Flatten
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haluska
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Larry M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Karnitz
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010957:Plasmids; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090742:Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D016227:Benzoquinones; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000090742:Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; C526317:CCN2 protein, human; C088374:YAP1 protein, human; C112765:tanespimycin; C092745:LATS1 protein, human; C406449:LATS2 protein, human; C097835:STK3 protein, human; D000099317:Hippo Kinases