title: Sequential cytarabine and alpha-particle immunotherapy with bismuth-213-lintuzumab (HuM195) for acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lintuzumab (HuM195), a humanized anti-CD33 antibody, targets myeloid leukemia cells and has modest single-agent activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To increase the potency of the antibody without the nonspecific cytotoxicity associated with β-emitters, the α-particle-emitting radionuclide bismuth-213 ((213)Bi) was conjugated to lintuzumab. This phase I/II trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and antileukemic effects of (213)Bi-lintuzumab, the first targeted α-emitter, after partially cytoreductive chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with newly diagnosed (n = 13) or relapsed/refractory (n = 18) AML (median age, 67 years; range, 37-80) were treated with cytarabine (200 mg/m(2)/d) for 5 days followed by (213)Bi-lintuzumab (18.5-46.25 MBq/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTD of (213)Bi-lintuzumab was 37 MB/kg; myelosuppression lasting >35 days was dose limiting. Extramedullary toxicities were primarily limited to grade ≤2 events, including infusion-related reactions. Transient grade 3/4 liver function abnormalities were seen in five patients (16%). Treatment-related deaths occurred in 2 of 21 (10%) patients who received the MTD. Significant reductions in marrow blasts were seen at all dose levels. The median response duration was 6 months (range, 2-12). Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies suggested that saturation of available CD33 sites by (213)Bi-lintuzumab was achieved after partial cytoreduction with cytarabine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential administration of cytarabine and (213)Bi-lintuzumab is tolerable and can produce remissions in patients with AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Todd L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rosenblat
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McDevitt
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mulford
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pandit-Taskar
authors.forename: Chaitanya R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Divgi
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Panageas
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Heaney
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanel
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgouros
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scheinberg
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jurcic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000512:Alpha Particles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001729:Bismuth / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D011868:Radioisotopes; D003561:Cytarabine; D001729:Bismuth; C477390:lintuzumab