title: Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To elucidate in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and the therapeutic potential of blockade with soluble TNF-α receptor, we carried out the first randomized controlled trial with etanercept in PMR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty newly diagnosed, glucocorticoid (GC) naïve patients with PMR and 20 matched non-PMR control subjects completed the trial. Subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to monotherapy with etanercept (25 mg s.c. biweekly) or placebo (saline) for 14 days. Study outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 14 days. The primary outcome was the change in PMR activity score (PMR-AS). Secondary outcomes were: changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma levels of TNF-α and interleukin (IL) 6; patients' functional status (health assessment questionnaire) and cumulative tramadol intake during the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, plasma TNF-α was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.05). The concentration always increased with etanercept treatment (P < 0.05). In patients, etanercept decreased PMR-AS by 24% (P = 0.011), reflecting significant improvements in shoulder mobility, physician's global assessment and C-reactive protein, and insignificant (P > 0.05) improvements in duration of morning stiffness and patient's assessment of pain. In parallel, ESR and IL-6 were reduced (P < 0.05). Placebo treatment did not change PMR-AS, ESR and IL-6 (P > 0.05). Functional status did not change and tramadol intake did not differ between patient groups. In controls, no changes occurred in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etanercept monotherapy ameliorates disease activity in GC naïve patients with PMR. However, the effect is modest, indicating a minor role of TNF-α in PMR.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00524381).
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. frederik.kreiner@me.com
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kreiner
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Galbo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept