title: Extramedullary hematopoiesis in a case of benign mixed mammary tumor in a female dog: cytological and histopathological assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is defined as the presence of hematopoietic stem cells such as erythroid and myeloid lineage plus megakaryocytes in extramedullary sites like liver, spleen and lymph nodes and is usually associated with either bone marrow or hematological disorders. Mammary EMH is a rare condition either in human and veterinary medicine and can be associated with benign mixed mammary tumors, similarly to that described in this case.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hematopoietic stem cells were found in a benign mixed mammary tumor of a 7-year-old female mongrel dog that presents a nodule in the left inguinal mammary gland. The patient did not have any hematological abnormalities. Cytological evaluation demonstrated two distinct cell populations, composed of either epithelial or mesenchymal cells, sometimes associated with a fibrillar acidophilic matrix, apart from megakaryocytes, osteoclasts, metarubricytes, prorubricytes, rubricytes, rubriblasts, promyelocytes, myeloblasts. Histological examination confirmed the presence of an active hematopoietic bone marrow within the bone tissue of a benign mammary mixed tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMH is a rare condition described in veterinary medicine that can be associated with mammary mixed tumors. It's detection can be associated with several neoplastic and non-neoplastic mammary lesions, i.e. osteosarcomas, mixed tumors and bone metaplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FMVZ, Univ, Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. fgrandivet@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: Marcia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Colodel
authors.forename: Lidianne N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: João Rafael V P
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.forename: Noeme S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000662:veterinary; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006411:Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary / Q000276:immunology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins