title: Laryngopharyngeal reflux: Current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the backflow of gastric contents into the pharynx and larynx. The diagnosis of LPR is primarily based on symptoms, including dysphonia, dysphagia, globus, throat-clearing, and post-nasal drip. The gold standard for diagnosis is dual-probe 24-hour pH testing with the upper probe positioned above the upper oesophageal sphincter. Treatment may require 3 months or more of twice-daily proton pump inhibitors along with lifestyle modifications. This review details the pathophysiology, symptoms, findings, treatment, and current controversies in LPR.
authors.affiliation: UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Belafsky