title: Proteome mapping of overexpressed membrane-enriched and cytosolic proteins in sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) resistant clinical isolate of Leishmania donovani.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify differentially overexpressed membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic proteins in SAG sensitive and resistant clinical strains of L. donovani isolated from VL patients which are involved in the drug resistance mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proteins in the membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic fractions of drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant clinical isolates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and overexpressed identified protein spots of interest were excised and analysed using MALDI-TOF/TOF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of 12 overexpressed proteins were identified in the membrane-enriched fraction of the SAG resistant strain of L. donovani whereas 14 out of 18 spots were identified in the cytosolic fraction as compared with the SAG sensitive strain. The major proteins in the membrane-enriched fraction were ABC transporter, HSP-83, GPI protein transamidase, cysteine-leucine rich protein and 60S ribosomal protein L23a whereas in the cytosolic fraction proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteasome alpha 5 subunit, carboxypeptidase, HSP-70, enolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, tubulin-beta chain have been identified. Most of these proteins have been reported as potential drug targets, except 60S ribosomal protein L23a and PCNA which have not been reported to date for their possible involvement in drug resistance against VL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study for the first time provided a cumulative proteomic analysis of proteins overexpressed in drug resistant clinical isolates of L. donovani indicating their possible role in antimony resistance of the parasite. Identified proteins provide a vast field to be exploited for novel treatment strategies against VL such as cloning and overexpression of these targets to produce recombinant therapeutic/prophylactic proteins.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box no. 173,M.G. Road, Lucknow-226 001, India.
authors.forename: Awanish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Brijesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sisodia
authors.forename: Pragya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundar
authors.forename: Ajit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shasany
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dube
mesh_terms: D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000469:parasitology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate