title: Hypertension in diabetic pregnancy: impact and long-term outlook.
abstract: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can be chronic, pregestational or just diagnosed before the 20th week, or newly diagnosed in the second half of pregnancy. Any type of hypertension is more frequent in diabetic pregnancies with a different distribution among different types of diabetes. Most of the evidence is for pre-eclampsia associated with a marked increase in primary caesarean section, preterm birth and more need for neonatal intensive care. Different risk factors and pregnancy outcomes would support the hypothesis that pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension might be largely separate entities, but this position is not unanimously accepted. Chronic hypertension increases with age and duration of diabetes, predicting increased rates of prematurity and neonatal morbidity, especially when associated with superimposed pre-eclampsia. Long-term consequences are observed in women whose pregnancy was complicated by hypertension such as chronic hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colatrella
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trappolini
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoppo
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napoli
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors