title: Working memory and mental arithmetic: a case for dual central executive resources.
abstract: The current study was designed to examine the possible existence of two limited-capacity pools of central executive resources: one each for verbal and visuospatial processing. Ninety-one college students (M age=19.0, SD=2.2) were administered a verbal working memory task that involved updating numbers in 2-, 3-, and 4-load conditions. The task was administered in both single task (no-interference condition) and dual-task (verbal interference and visuospatial interference conditions) formats. Findings indicated main effects for both memory load and type of interference, as well as, a load × interference interaction. Verbal interference led to a steeper increase in errors on the primary verbal working memory task; whereas, there was a smaller increase in errors across load in both the non-verbal and no-interference conditions. The effect of verbal interference and the lack of a spatial interference effect on a primary task that utilized verbal working memory resources, suggests that the processing of verbal and spatial stimuli in a dual-task paradigm requires separate central executive resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, United States. kirkketelsen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ketelsen
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013028:Space Perception; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult