title: Expression and clinical significance of hepatoma-derived growth factor as a prognostic factor in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overexpressions of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play important roles in the development and progression of cancers. This study investigates the expression of HDGF combined with VEGF, their correlation with clinicopathologic features, and their prognosis in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of HDGF and VEGF were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin peroxidase complex method for 58 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma receiving surgery. Their correlation with clinicopathologic features was then investigated. The relationships between them and the survival time of patients were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HDGF and VEGF were positively expressed in 27 (46.6%) and 42 (72.4%) patients, respectively. HDGF and VEGF had a positive correlation (r = 0.370, P = 0.004) in the Spearman rank correlation analysis. HDGF expression was associated with gender and histological type. Patients with positive HDGF expression had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with negative HDGF expression (35.7 vs. 73.3%, P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that HDGF expression is an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDGF expression significantly correlates with VEGF expression and is a valuable prognostic factor for human hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xian-qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pei-long
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Yue-guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ke-sen
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C051610:hepatoma-derived growth factor