title: The MMP1 (-16071G/2G) single nucleotide polymorphism associates with the HAART-related lipodystrophic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are involved in extracellular matrix remodelling and adipocyte differentiation and are inhibited by antiretrovirals. MMPs and TIMPs and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might contribute to the HAART-related lipodystrophic syndrome pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in a university-based outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixteen HIV-infected patients on extended HAART were studied. Serum MMPs (1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 13) and TIMPs (1, 2, 4) were measured by ELISA microarrays. MMP1 (-16071G/2G) SNP was also genotyped. Lipodystrophic syndrome was diagnosed by a clinical scale validated by fat dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two patients (38.0%) showed lipodystrophic syndrome, mostly lipoatrophy. The 2G/2G MMP1 SNP genotype was more frequent among lipodystrophic syndrome patients (41.3 vs. 20.5%, odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-5.29; χ² = 9.62, P = 0.002 for HIV-infected patients with and without lipodystrophic syndrome respectively). Carriers of this genotype had higher serum levels of MMP1 compared with those with the 1G/1G (P = 0.02). Higher MMP1 (P = 0.022) and lower TIMP4 (P = 0.038) serum levels were observed while comparing HIV patients with and without lipodystrophic syndrome. MMP1 2G carriage (P = 0.0008), TIMP4 lower serum levels (P = 0.02), treatment with stavudine (P < 0.0001), treatment with zidovudine (P = 0.006) and absence of hepatitis C virus coinfection (P = 0.002) were associated with lipodystrophic syndrome by logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP1 SNP, which induced increased serum levels of this protein, was associated with lipodystrophic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo University School of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valle-Garay
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suarez-Zarracina
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melon
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carton
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collazos
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Asensi
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1