title: Identification of copy number variants in miscarriages from couples with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more miscarriages, affects 3-5% of couples trying to establish a family. Despite extensive evaluation, no factor is identified in ∼40% of cases. In this study, we investigated the possibility that submicroscopic chromosomal changes, not detectable by conventional cytogenetic analysis, exist in miscarriages with normal karyotypes (46,XY or 46,XX) from couples with idiopathic RPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) was used to assess for DNA copy number variants (CNVs) in 26 miscarriages with normal karyotypes. Parental array-CGH analysis was performed to determine if miscarriage CNVs were de novo or inherited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 11 unique (previously not described) CNVs, all inherited, identified in 13 miscarriages from 8 couples. The maternal origin of two CNVs was of interest as they involved the imprinted genes TIMP2 and CTNNA3, which are only normally expressed from the maternal copy in the placenta. Two additional cohorts, consisting of 282 women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 61 fertile women, were screened for these two CNVs using a Quantitative Multiplex Fluorescent PCR of Short Fragments assay. One woman with RM, but none of the fertile women, carried the CTNNA3-associated CNV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study shows that array-CGH is useful for detecting CNVs in cases of RPL. Further investigations of CNVs, particularly those involving genes that are imprinted in placenta, in women with RPL could be worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. eseparovic@cw.bc.ca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajcan-Separovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diego-Alvarez
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tyson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harvard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fawcett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalousek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Somerville
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stephenson
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics; D051178:alpha Catenin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C441963:CTNNA3 protein, human; D051178:alpha Catenin; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2