title: Neuroanatomical and neuropsychological features of elderly euthymic depressed patients with early- and late-onset.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether or not cognitive impairment and brain structure changes are trait characteristics of late-life depression is still disputed. Previous studies led to conflicting data possibly because of the difference in the age of depression onset. In fact, several lines of evidence suggest that late-onset depression (LOD) is more frequently associated with neuropsychological deficits and brain pathology than early-onset depression (EOD). To date, no study explored concomitantly the cognitive profile and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns in euthymic EOD and LOD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cross-sectional design, 41 remitted outpatients (30 with EOD and 11 with LOD) were compared to 30 healthy controls. Neuropsychological evaluation concerned working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, naming capacity and executive functions. Volumetric estimates of the amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal and anterior cingulate cortex were obtained using both voxel-based and region of interest morphometric methods. White matter hyperintensities were assessed semiquantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cognitive performance and brain volumes were preserved in euthymic EOD patients whereas LOD patients showed a significant reduction of episodic memory capacity and a higher rate of periventricular hyperintensities compared to both controls and EOD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the dissociation between EOD thought to be mainly related to psychosocial factors and LOD that is characterized by increasing vascular burden and episodic memory decline.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland. Christophe.Delaloye@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delaloye
authors.forename: Guenaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Bilbao
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baudois
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ragno Paquier
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canuto
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Giardini
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Gunten
authors.forename: Raluca Iona
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Stancu
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lazeyras
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: Panteleimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size