title: Active Breathing Coordinator in adjuvant three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of early stage breast cancer: a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the technical feasibility of utilizing the Active Breathing Coordinator for planning of postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing breast conservation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with early stage breast cancer for whom adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery was planned were consecutively enrolled. Five sessions of simulation with the Active Breathing Coordinator were planned for each patient. Computed tomography for simulation was not acquired until a good level of compliance with the procedure was achieved by the patient. Patients who did not show a satisfactory level of compliance after the planned fifth session were defined as noncompliant. Two simulation computed tomography scans were acquired: the first without the Active Breathing Coordinator during free breathing, the second with the Active Breathing Coordinator. Forward intensity-modulated treatment plans were calculated. Mean lung dose (MLDipsilateral) and V30 (V30lung) for the ipsilateral lung and V30 for the heart (V30heart), were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty consecutive patients were enrolled (6 with left-sided breast cancer and 14 with right-sided breast cancer). Eighteen of the patients completed the simulation computed tomography with the Active Breathing Coordinator after 1-5 sessions (median, 3). In 16 of the 18 patients, a reduction of V301ung was observed with the Active Breathing Coordinator. In 15 of the 18 patients, a reduction of MLDipsiateral was also observed. In 5 of the 6 patients with left-sided breast cancer, a reduction of V30heart was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine application of the Active Breathing Coordinator in clinical practice is feasible, even though it requires an increased workload. Dosimetric results are encouraging in terms of a better sparing of the ipsilateral lung and the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, "John Paul II" Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaccesi
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caravatta
authors.forename: Savino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cilla
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Digesù
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deodato
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Picardi
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piscopo
authors.forename: Gilbert D A
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrandina
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Numa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piermattei
authors.forename: Alessio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D012119:Respiration