title: Parenteral but not enteral omega-3 fatty acids (Omegaven) modulate intestinal regrowth after massive small bowel resection in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ω-3 fatty acids (Omegaven) on early intestinal adaptation in rats with short bowel syndrome (SBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: sham rats underwent bowel transection; SBS rats underwent 75% bowel resection; SBS-O ω-3 rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with oral Omegaven given by gavage; and SBS-I ω-3 rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with Omegaven given intraperitoneally. Rats were killed on day 14. Parameters of intestinal adaptation (bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal DNA and protein, villus height and crypt depths, cell proliferation and apoptosis) were determined at time of death. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the level of Bax and Bcl-2 messenger RNA (mRNA). Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post hoc test, with P < .05 considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral ω-3 supplementation did not significantly change intestinal regrowth. In contrast, parenteral ω-3 in rats that underwent resection resulted in higher bowel and mucosal weights, mucosal DNA and protein in ileum, villus height in ileum, crypt depth in jejunum and ileum, and greater rates of cell proliferation in jejunum and ileum compared with SBS animals. The initial decreased levels of apoptosis corresponded with the early decrease in Bax and increase in Bcl-2 mRNA levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parenteral but not enteral Omegaven augments and accelerates structural bowel adaptation in a rat model of SBS. Increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis reflect increased cell turnover in Omegaven-treated animals.
authors.affiliation: Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. igor-dr@internet-zahav.net
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sukhotnik
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shany
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bashenko
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hayari
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chemodanov
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mogilner
authors.forename: Arnold G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Coran
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaoul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA