title: The Self-screen-Prodrome as a short screening tool for pre-psychotic states.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early detection of psychosis is an important issue in current research. Early intervention helps to improve the outcome of the disorder. Therefore, a comprehensive examination in large populations, necessary as it might be, is economically almost not feasible. A screening via self-report is more practicable as it helps focus on individuals with high symptom loads.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine aspects of validity of the Self-screen-Prodrome (SPro) as a new screening tool for prodromal states of psychosis in a military sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  938 Swiss conscripts were assessed with the SPro, the Eppendorf Schizophrenia-Inventory (ESI) and the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Conscripts with potential psychosis-like pathology (T-transformed Severity Index of the SCL-90-R-subscales Psychoticism [PSYC] and Paranoid Ideation [PARA]≥63) were compared with those not meeting the criteria of this condition (non-cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups (cases and non-cases) showed significant differences in their mean scores on SPro and ESI, although only the SPro had satisfactory effect sizes. In hierarchic logistic regression models the SPro turned out to be highly predictive for caseness while ESI-scales were not significant. A cut-off score of ≥2 on the SPro subscale for psychotic risk (SPro-Psy-Risk) was found to identify caseness best with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 61%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SPro has proven to be a valid and very economic screening tool for general and prodromal pathology in large populations.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disaster and Military Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8021 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchli-Kammermann
authors.forename: Rolf-Dieter
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stettbacher
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riecher-Rössler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology