title: Reverse crosstalk of TGFβ and PPARβ/δ signaling identified by transcriptional profiling.
abstract: Previous work has provided strong evidence for a role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in inflammation and tumor stroma function, raising the possibility that both signaling pathways are interconnected. We have addressed this hypothesis by microarray analyses of human diploid fibroblasts induced to myofibroblastic differentiation, which revealed a substantial, mostly reverse crosstalk of both pathways and identified distinct classes of genes. A major class encompasses classical PPAR target genes, including ANGPTL4, CPT1A, ADRP and PDK4. These genes are repressed by TGFβ, which is counteracted by PPARβ/δ activation. This is mediated, at least in part, by the TGFβ-induced recruitment of the corepressor SMRT to PPAR response elements, and its release by PPARβ/δ ligands, indicating that TGFβ and PPARβ/δ signals are integrated by chromatin-associated complexes. A second class represents TGFβ-induced genes that are downregulated by PPARβ/δ agonists, exemplified by CD274 and IL6, which is consistent with the anti-inflammatory properties of PPARβ/δ ligands. Finally, cooperative regulation by both ligands was observed for a minor group of genes, including several regulators of cell proliferation. These observations indicate that PPARβ/δ is able to influence the expression of distinct sets of both TGFβ-repressed and TGFβ-activated genes in both directions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Josefine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stockert
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adhikary
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaddatz
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Finkernagel
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller-Brüsselbach
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000819:agonists*; D020218:Response Elements; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; C425931:GW 501516; D047494:PPAR delta; D048068:PPAR-beta; D013844:Thiazoles; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta