title: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and CLL-type monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) show differential expression of molecules involved in lymphoid tissue homing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to screen for cell surface markers that could discriminate CLL-type MBL from CLL or identify CLL cases likely to have stable disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six color flow cytometry was performed on CLL-type MBL (n = 94) and CLL (n = 387) at diagnosis or relapse; 39 cases had poor-risk chromosomal abnormalities (17p and/or 11q deletion). Expression of 30 markers was analysed: CCR6, CD10, CD103, CD11c, CD138, CD200, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD27, CD31, CD38, CD39, CD43, CD49d, CD5, CD52, CD62L, CD63, CD79b, CD81, CD86, CD95, CXCR5, HLADR, IgD, IgG, IgM, LAIR1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in expression between CLL-type MBL and CLL for the majority of markers. Differential expression was observed for several markers, mainly between MBL and CLL cases with adverse-risk chromosomal abnormalities. These differences included lower expression of CD38 (9.4-fold lower, P = 0.007) and CD49d (3.2-fold lower, P = 0.008) and higher expression of LAIR-1 (3.7-fold higher, P = 0.003), CXCR5 (1.25-fold higher, P = 0.002), and CCR6 (1.9-fold higher P < 0.001) on CLL-type MBL compared to CLL with adverse chromosomal abnormalities. CD62L (L-selectin) which mediates lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial venules of lymphoid tissue, was expressed at a significantly different level between CLL-type MBL and both CLL sub-groups, with 1.3-fold lower (P = 0.04) expression levels on the MBL cases. However, there was broad overlap in expression levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CLL-type MBL is phenotypically identical to CLL for a very broad range of markers. Differential expression is predominantly related to known prognostic markers and proteins involved in homing to lymphoid tissue.
authors.affiliation: HMDS, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom. andy.rawstron@nhs.net
authors.forename: Andy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rawstron
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shingles
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Tute
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hillmen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor