Iron overload in patients with acute leukemia or MDS undergoing myeloablative stem cell transplantation.
Patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) commonly have an elevated serum ferritin prior to HSCT, which has been associated with increased mortality after transplantation. This has led to the suggestion that iron overload is common and deleterious in this patient population. However, the relationship between serum ferritin and parenchymal iron overload in such patients is unknown. We report a prospective study of 48 patients with acute leukemia (AL) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) undergoing myeloablative HSCT, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate liver iron content (LIC) and cardiac iron. The median (and range) pre-HSCT value of serum ferritin was 1549 ng/mL (20-6989); serum hepcidin, 59 ng/mL (10-468); labile plasma iron, 0 LPI units (0.0-0.9). Eighty-five percent of patients had hepatic iron overload (HIO), and 42% had significant HIO (LIC ≥5.0 mg/gdw). Only 1 patient had cardiac iron overload. There was a strong correlation between pre-HSCT serum ferritin and estimated LIC (r = .75), which was mostly dependent on prior transfusion history. Serum hepcidin was appropriately elevated in patients with HIO. Labile plasma iron elevation was rare. A regression calibration analysis supported the hypothesis that elevated pre-HSCT LIC is significantly associated with inferior post-HSCT survival. These results contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, mechanism, and consequences of iron overload in HSCT.
Armand
Philippe
P
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. parmand@partners.org
Kim
Haesook T
HT
Rhodes
Joanna
J
Sainvil
Marie-Michele
MM
Cutler
Corey
C
Ho
Vincent T
VT
Koreth
John
J
Alyea
Edwin P
EP
Hearsey
Doreen
D
Neufeld
Ellis J
EJ
Fleming
Mark D
MD
Steen
Hanno
H
Anderson
Damon
D
Kwong
Raymond Y
RY
Soiffer
Robert J
RJ
Antin
Joseph H
JH
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000097:blood; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron