title: A longitudinal assessment of ghrelin and bone mineral density with advancing pubertal maturation in adolescent female athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in ghrelin and bone mineral density (BMD) during further biological maturation after onset of puberty in female adolescent swimmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swimmers (n=17) were tested once a year during a two year study period. At the first year, swimmers were at pubertal stages 2 & 3. Fasting plasma ghrelin, leptin, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and BMD of the total body, lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ghrelin did not change during the further pubertal development after onset of puberty. No differences in leptin were also seen during the study period. Estradiol and IGF-I were increased during further pubertal development. Total and lumbar spine BMD increased along with further biological maturation. In contrast, further pubertal development had no effect on femoral neck BMD in adolescent female swimmers. Ghrelin was not related to measured BMD values after adjusting for pubertal status at any measurement time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ghrelin concentration did not change with advancing age and pubertal stage after onset of puberty and had no direct influence on bone mineralisation in adolescent female swimmers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. jaakj@ut.ee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lätt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haljaste
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Purge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicchella
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D004958:Estradiol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I