title: Concentrations of unmetabolized folic acid and primary folate forms in pregnant women at delivery and in umbilical cord blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of unmetabolized folic acid in maternal and fetal blood is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated total folate, tetrahydrofolate (THF), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), formyl-THF, 5,10-methenylTHF, and folic acid concentrations in women and in umbilical cord blood at delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 87 pregnant women and 29 cord blood samples, including 24 mother-infant pairs. We measured serum concentrations of folate forms by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnant women who received 400 μg folic acid daily (n = 25) had higher total folate (P = 0.041), 5-MTHF (P = 0.049), and formyl-THF (P < 0.001) concentrations and slightly higher THF (P = 0.093) concentrations than did nonsupplemented pregnant women (n = 61). We measured folic acid concentrations >0.20 nmol/L in 38 (44%) pregnant women and in 55% of the cord serum samples, but these measurements were not explained by maternal supplement use. Concentrations of folic acid were nonsignificantly higher in cord blood from supplemented women than in cord blood from nonsupplemented women (P = 0.154). Proportions of folic acid to total folate in cord serum did not differ according to maternal supplement usage (0.54% compared with 0.43% in supplemented and nonsupplemented women, respectively). Concentrations of folic acid did not differ between maternal and cord serum. However, folic acid constituted a significantly lower proportion of total folate in cord serum than in maternal serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected unmetabolized folic acid in more than one-half of cord blood samples. Folic acid (400 μg/d) supplied during pregnancy is not likely to accumulate in the fetus, in contrast to 5-MTHF and THF, which accumulate in the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and Gynecology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany. rima.obeid@uniklinikum-saarland.de
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.forename: Mariz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasoha
authors.forename: Susanne H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Munz
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D005575:Formyltetrahydrofolates / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D013763:Tetrahydrofolates / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005575:Formyltetrahydrofolates; D013763:Tetrahydrofolates; D005492:Folic Acid