title: Ventricular septal defects.
abstract: This is a review article that summarizes updated information concerning isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD). VSD are one of the most common congenital heart diseases. It includes anatomic consideration and classification of the different types of VSD, pathophysiologic categories, clinical features and diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography, chest radiography, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. We also reviewed the most important aspects of the therapeutic management, including surgical indications for correction of ventricular septal defects.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Nelson E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eugenio Lopez
mesh_terms: D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans