title: Simultaneous detection of seven staphylococcal enterotoxins: development of hydrogel biochips for analytical and practical application.
abstract: A method of simultaneous analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxins using hydrogel-based microarrays (biochips) has been developed. The method allows simultaneous quantitative detection of seven enterotoxins: A, B, C1, D, E, G, and I in a single sample. The development of the method included expression and purification of recombinant toxins, production of panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the toxins, and design and manufacturing of an experimental biochip for the screening of mAbs and selection of optimal pairs of primary and secondary antibodies for each toxin. The selected mAbs have high affinity toward their targets and no cross-reactivity with unrelated enterotoxins. Finally, a diagnostic biochip was designed for quantitative analysis of the toxins, and the analytical protocols were optimized. The sensitivity of the detection reached 0.1-0.5 ng/mL, depending on the type of enterotoxin. The evaluation of the resulting biochip using spiked food samples demonstrated that the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the proposed test system fully satisfy the requirements for traditional immunoanalytical systems. The diagnostic biochips manufactured on reflecting metal-coated surfaces shortened the time of analysis from 17 to 2 h without loss of sensitivity. The method was successfully tested on samples of food and biological media.
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 123098 Moscow, Russia, and Pushchino State University, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
authors.forename: A Yu
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Rubina
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Filippova
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Feizkhanova
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Shepeliakovskaya
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Sidina
authors.forename: Kh M
authors.initials: KhM
authors.lastname: Boziev
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Laman
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Brovko
authors.forename: Yu V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Vertiev
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zasedatelev
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Grishin
mesh_terms: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation; D057230:Limit of Detection; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004768:Enterotoxins; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate