title: Anthocyanin dyes extracted from grape pomace for the purpose of textile dyeing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pomace from different grape varieties was studied with regard to the content of extractable anthocyanins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total anthocyanin concentrations of 24.5-126 mg dm(-3) were found in the extracts. The amount of extractable pigment was dependent on the variety of grape. The extracts were applied in textile dyeing operations using cotton fabric pre-mordanted with tannin as textile substrate. Red/violet shades were obtained that showed good water-fastness; however, limited light-fastness indicated need for improvement to fulfil requirements for textile application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colour measurement by means of CIE-Lab coordinates and Kubelka-Munk value showed a direct correlation between extractable anthocyanin concentration and colour depth of the dyed material. Thus the analytically determined concentration of anthocyanins in the aqueous extract can serve as a measure of quality of grape pomace as raw material for textile dyeing application. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Hoechsterstraße 73, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bechtold
authors.forename: Amalid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmud-Ali
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mussak