title: [Subjective difficulties in young people related to extensive loud music listening].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For human ear, noise represents every undesirable and valueless sound. In disco clubs, as in some other places with loud music mostly attended by young people, the level of noise sometimes attains over 100 dB. As reported by numerous studies, a high noise level could induce subjective difficulties (ear buzzing, audition loss, vertigo and palpitations, anxiety, high blood pressure, decreased concentration, lowered memory storing).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of subjective difficulties occurring in young people when staying in places with a high noise level (cafes, disco clubs, rock concerts), which can produce health problems, due to loud music, in association with demographic data, addictions and personal life style data. One of the goals is to find factors leading to subjective difficulties, which would be objectively studied in the second stage of the research and marked as early predictors of possible health problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted among 780 students of the Higher Healthcare School of Professional Studied in Belgrade. We used a questionnaire with 20 questions, divided into four categories: demographic data, case-history data, subjective problems and addictions of the subjects. In the statistical data processing we used the methods of descriptive and exploratory analysis, chi-square tests, correlation tests and Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After listening loud music, 54.0% of examined subjects felt ear buzzing, and 4.6% had hearing damage. The habit of visiting places with loud music, mostly once a week in duration of 2-3 hours per visit had 80.4% of subjects. The presence of subjective complaints after listening of loud music was in association with loud music listening and disco clubs visits.The major reasons of the present subjective difficulties could be predicated by listening of loud music and club visits (r = 0.918 and r = 0.857). A relative risk for subjective difficulties presentation was 1.599.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of our study, over half of children develop loud music-induced subjective problems involving ear buzzing and occasionally hearing loss.
authors.forename: Milenko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budimcić
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ignatović
authors.forename: Ljubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zivić
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000209:etiology; D014717:Vertigo / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult