Vascular endothelial function and hypertension: insights and directions.
Hypertension contributes significantly to worldwide cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension appears to have a complex association with endothelial dysfunction, a phenotypical alteration of the vascular endothelium that precedes the development of adverse cardiovascular events and portends future cardiovascular risk. This review concentrates on recent findings with respect to the mechanisms of hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction, the interrelationship between these two entities, and the relationship of the efficacy of antihypertensive therapies to improvements in vascular homeostasis beyond blood pressure reduction. Current evidence suggests that hypertension and endothelial dysfunction are integrally related with respect to pathophysiologic mechanisms. Future studies will need to identify the key connections between hypertension and endothelial dysfunction to allow novel interventions to be designed and promulgated.
Dharmashankar
Kodlipet
K
Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, FEC Suite E5100, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Widlansky
Michael E
ME
D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species