Immunomodulatory activity of petroleum ether extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum.
BACKGROUND
Anacyclus pyrethrum DC (Compositae) roots, commonly known as Pellitory root and locally as akarkara, are widely recognized in the Indian traditional systems of medicine, Ayurveda, as a 'rasayana', i.e. a plant with immunomodulatory properties.


OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of A. pyrethrum extract for its effect on normal and chemically suppressed immune systems in vivo.


METHODS
Petroleum ether extract (PEE) of roots was tested at 50 and 100 mg/kg dose. The effect of both doses on total and differential leukocyte count, cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, survival rate against Candida albicans infection, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, percentage neutrophil adhesion, and phagocytic activity were tested.


RESULTS
The PEE-treated rats were able to overcome cyclophosphamide-induced myelo-suppression as evidenced by the normalization of blood parameters. Survival rate of albino rats was improved in Candida albicans-infected animals by treatment with the extract (p <0.05). An increase in delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH), percentage neutrophil adhesion, and in vivo phagocytosis by carbon clearance method was observed after treatment. Extract administration also increased the HA titer value and IgG antibodies.


CONCLUSIONS
Immunostimulant activity increased two-fold upon doubling the dosage of extract administered. While a significant (p <0.05) improvement was observed in the humoral component, a highly significant (p <0.01) effect was observed in the cellular components of the immunity evaluated. The results thus provide a basis for the use of A. pyrethrum as an adaptogen and immunomodulator in the Ayurvedic system of medicine.
Sharma
Vikas
V
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Thakur
Mayank
M
Chauhan
Nagendra Singh
NS
Dixit
Vinod Kumar
VK
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000473:Alkanes; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006397:Hematinics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012756:Sheep
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000473:Alkanes; D006397:Hematinics; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; C004544:naphtha