title: Pigment epithelium-derived factor expression is down-regulated in bladder tumors and correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9.
abstract: Growth of solid tumor depends on angiogenesis, a process regulated by the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. We investigated the expression of anti-angiogenic factor pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) with immunohistochemistry in 64 bladder tumor samples and 23 normal controls. Compared with normal urothelium, we identified decreased PEDF expression (P = 0.000) whereas increased expression of VEGF (P = 0.000) and MMP-9 (P = 0.000) in tumorous tissue as well as in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (P = 0.009 and P = 0.000 accordingly) but MMP-9 (P = 0.704). Decreased PEDF expression was revealed with higher tumor grade (P = 0.014) but stage (P = 0.687). There was no age or gender preference in PEDF, VEGF or MMP-9 expression. Negative correlation of expression in tumorous and cancerous tissue regarding PEDF and VEGF (P = 0.000, r = -0.56, and P = 0.000, r = -0.50, respectively), PEDF and MMP-9 (P = 0.002, r = -0.39, and P = 0.032, r = -0.30, respectively) was identified. There was a negative correlation of expression between PEDF and VEGF (P = 0.016, r = -0.677) and no correlation between PEDF and MMP-9 (P = 0.147, r = -0.45) in PUNLMP. Decreased PEDF and increased VEGF and MMP-9 expression may play considerable roles in differentiation and invasion of bladder tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Rd, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yuan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hao-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Pao-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015843:Serpins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055815:Young Adult; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor