title: Prospective analysis of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after rituximab combination chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, there have been reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after rituximab combination chemotherapy in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) -negative patients with B-cell lymphoma. In this prospective study, the frequency of and risk factors for HBV reactivation in patients who were receiving rituximab chemotherapy were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 314 HBsAg-negative patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were treated with rituximab chemotherapy. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) tests were performed in all patients. In patients who were positive for anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc, serum HBV-DNA was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 314 patients, 51 (16.2%) were HBV carriers. HBV reactivation occurred during or after rituximab chemotherapy in six patients (12%). All six patients who developed HBV reactivation were anti-HBc positive, and three of them were also anti-HBs positive. In these six patients, the pretreatment anti-HBs titer was low. Entecavir administration was started when serum HBV DNA became positive, and serum HBV-DNA became negative within 1 to 3 weeks. Rituximab chemotherapy was then continued. Risk factors for HBV reactivation were being male and having a low anti-HBs titer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBV reactivation occurred in some patients who had been anti-HBs negative or had a low anti-HBs level. In addition, HBV reactivation occurred at an early stage of rituximab chemotherapy, but rituximab chemotherapy could be continued after entecavir administration reduced the serum HBV-DNA level. Entecavir (BMS 200495) prophylaxis was not performed when rituximab chemotherapy was started, and it was thought that entecavir could be started when serum HBV-DNA increased.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan. nniitsu@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niitsu
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanae
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohri
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D001761:Bleomycin; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone