title: Melatonin ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by bile-duct ligation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic stellate cells, the main mediators in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, are triggered by free radicals and produce collagen. Melatonin is a powerful physiologic scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. It is also involved in the inhibitory regulation of the collagen content in tissue. There is no effective treatment available for liver fibrosis. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on liver fibrosis induced by bile-duct ligation (BDL) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided male Wistar rats (n = 32) into 4 groups. Two groups received BDL and 2 groups received sham operations. One of the BDL groups and one of the sham groups were administered melatonin (100 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection), and the controls were given vehicle only. After 1 month, we biochemically evaluated the changes in hepatic fibrosis by measuring tissue collagen levels and histopathologic examination. We evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), luminal and lucigenin in tissue homogenates, and we studied proinflammatory cytokines in serum using commercially available kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bile-duct ligation caused hepatic fibrotic changes, whereas melatonin suppressed these changes in 5 of 8 rats (p < 0.001). Bile-duct ligation resulted in increased collagen, MDA, luminal and lucigenin levels and decreased GSH levels, whereas melatonin reversed these effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that melatonin functions as an effective fibrosuppressant and antioxidant, and the results suggest that it can be used as a therapeutic option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. gulgunsahintahan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Gulgun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tahan
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Saime Sezgin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yapicier
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tarcin
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Veysel
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tahan
authors.forename: Kagan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zengin
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000166:Acridines; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; C033472:10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003094:Collagen; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; D008550:Melatonin; D001663:Bilirubin; D010634:Phenobarbital