title: The ACTION study: methodology of a trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of a higher dose rivastigmine transdermal patch in severe Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two sizes of rivastigmine patch (5 cm(2) and 10 cm(2)) are currently approved in the US and Europe, while a 20 cm(2) rivastigmine patch has also been tested. A 15 cm(2) rivastigmine patch may provide an optimal balance between efficacy and safety. Earlier studies have demonstrated the efficacy of rivastigmine in severe Alzheimer's disease (AD), and supported the use of a higher dose patch in AD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The ACTION (ACTivities of daily living and cognitION) trial (Study CENA713DUS44) is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose versus high-dose rivastigmine transdermal patch in patients with severe AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACTION is a prospective, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicenter study of patients (aged ≥50 years) with severe AD and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 3-12. Novartis began recruitment in July 2009 and is conducting the trial in the United States. Patients are randomized to receive either a 5 cm(2) (4.5 mg/24 h) or a 15 cm(2) rivastigmine patch (13.3 mg/24 h) for 24 weeks. Patients receiving the 15 cm(2) patch will be up-titrated over 8 weeks, via 5 and 10 cm(2) patches. The primary efficacy outcomes include activities of daily living (ADLs), assessed with the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study - Activities of Daily Living - Severe Impairment Version (ADCS-ADL-SIV), and cognition, assessed with the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB). Secondary outcomes include behavior (Neuropsychiatric Inventory), global functioning (Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study - Clinical Global Impression of Change), response rates, and safety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACTION trial examines the efficacy and tolerability of a 15 cm(2) rivastigmine patch over a 24-week period in patients with severe AD. This is a novel trial in the development of rivastigmine, as it uses a design that does not include a placebo arm, is recruiting patients with severe AD, and includes an ADL measure as a co-primary efficacy variable. CLINICAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CENA713D US44.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. mfarlow@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Farlow
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grossberg
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Xiangyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Olin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010919:Placebos; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D057968:Transdermal Patch / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010919:Placebos; D000068836:Rivastigmine