title: Depression, rumination and the default network.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been characterized by excessive default-network activation and connectivity with the subgenual cingulate. These hyper-connectivities are often interpreted as reflecting rumination, where MDDs perseverate on negative, self-referential thoughts. However, the relationship between connectivity and rumination has not been established. Furthermore, previous research has not examined how connectivity with the subgenual cingulate differs when individuals are engaged in a task or not. The purpose of the present study was to examine connectivity of the default network specifically in the subgenual cingulate both on- and off-task, and to examine the relationship between connectivity and rumination. Analyses using a seed-based connectivity approach revealed that MDDs show more neural functional connectivity between the posterior-cingulate cortex and the subgenual-cingulate cortex than healthy individuals during rest periods, but not during task engagement. Importantly, these rest-period connectivities correlated with behavioral measures of rumination and brooding, but not reflection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA. bermanm@umich.edu
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.forename: Derek Evan
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Nee
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kross
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Deldin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jonides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012146:Rest; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen