title: Transperitoneal deviceless hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: an alternative technique for kidney recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deviceless hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is an alternative surgical technique that relies on the classic laparoscopic approach, supported by insertion of the surgeon's hand during kidney recovery without the need to use any device because of the sealing effect of the particular wall incision.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2006 to 2008, deviceless hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy was performed in 25 patients (M/F = 7/18; mean age = 53 years; range = 30-68). One right nephrectomy was performed. We made a lateral paramedian incision. No sealing device is required in our technique because the pneumoperitoneum is maintained by the sealing effect of two complexes: the peritoneum/deep rectus abdominis muscle fascia and muscle itself/lateral edge of the double fascial incision. These structures clench around the surgeon's wrist, preventing leakage of CO₂. After dissection, the kidney is removed through the hand port without an endobag.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean surgical time was 105 minutes (range = 60-150), estimated blood loss was 50 to 200 mL, and mean warm ischemia time was 3.5 minutes (range = 2-11). Mean hospital stay was 4 days (range = 3-6). One uncontrollable hemorrhage due to a renal vein lesion required conversion to open surgery. As to graft function, recipient serum creatinine on day 7 ranged from 0.8 to 2.6 mg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to better control bleeding by manual compression, as well as the advantages related to decreased donor morbidity, shorter hospital stay, cost saving, and excellent graft function, make this deviceless technique a good option for kidney recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology, and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Paolo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ditonno
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarelli
authors.forename: Gaetano Valerio
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bettocchi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010537:Peritoneum; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*