title: Efficacy and safety of adjunctive local moxifloxacin delivery in the treatment of periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moxifloxacin exerts excellent antibacterial activity against most putative periodontal pathogens and has been shown to kill bacteria in biofilm and host cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive a single subgingival application of a 0.125%, 0.4%, or 1.25% moxifloxacin gel or placebo gel immediately after full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). Clinical efficacy measurements were assessed in sites with baseline probing depth (PD) of ≥5.4 mm at 6 weeks and 3 months and any adverse events were determined. In addition, putative periodontal pathogens and resistance of subgingival bacteria against moxifloxacin were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of 57 patients were included in the statistical analysis. In all treatment groups, the PD decreased from baseline to 3 months, with the greatest reduction seen in patients treated with moxifloxacin 0.4% (1.5 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.023 compared to placebo), followed by patients receiving moxifloxacin 1.25% (1.2 ± 0.4), moxifloxacin 0.125% (1.1 ± 1.1), and placebo (1.0 ± 0.6). No linear trend for PD reduction with increasing moxifloxacin concentrations was found. Porphyromonas gingivalis showed the greatest reduction in prevalence among the assessed pathogens, without any significant intergroup differences. No correlation or systematic relationship between adverse events, including bacterial resistance against moxifloxacin, and the investigational gels was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In periodontal pockets with PD of ≥5.4 mm, a single subgingival administration of a 0.4% moxifloxacin gel as an adjunct to SRP may result in additional PD reduction compared to SRP alone. In addition, the investigated moxifloxacin gels seem to be safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–7444, USA. flemmig@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Flemmig
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petersilka
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Völp
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gravemeier
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zilly
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mross
authors.forename: Karola
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beikler
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D012534:Dental Scaling; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010919:Placebos; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016745:Root Planing; D012449:Safety; D034367:Streptococcus intermedius / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D010919:Placebos; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin