title: NASA-modified precipitation products to improve USEPA nonpoint source water quality modeling for the Chesapeake Bay.
abstract: The USEPA has estimated that over 20,000 water bodies within the United States do not meet water quality standards. One of the regulations in the Clean Water Act of 1972 requires states to monitor the total maximum daily load, or the amount of pollution that can be carried by a water body before it is determined to be "polluted," for any watershed in the United States (Copeland, 2005). In response to this mandate, the USEPA developed Better Assessment Science Integrating Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) as a decision support tool for assessing pollution and to guide the decision-making process for improving water quality. One of the models in BASINS, the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF), computes continuous streamflow rates and pollutant concentration at each basin outlet. By design, precipitation and other meteorological data from weather stations serve as standard model input. In practice, these stations may be unable to capture the spatial heterogeneity of precipitation events, especially if they are few and far between. An attempt was made to resolve this issue by substituting station data with NASA-modified/NOAA precipitation data. Using these data within HSPF, streamflow was calculated for seven watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay Basin during low flow periods, convective storm periods, and annual flows. In almost every case, the modeling performance of HSPF increased when using the NASA-modified precipitation data, resulting in better streamflow statistics and, potentially, in improved water quality assessment.
authors.affiliation: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd., Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706, USA. joseph.d.nigro@nasa.gov
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toll
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Partington
authors.forename: Wenge
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ni-Meister
authors.forename: Shihyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Magness
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Engman
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arsenault
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011891:Rain; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency; D018557:United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014872:Water Movements; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D014867:Water