title: Proteomic comparison of spherical aggregates and adherent cells of cardiac stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously published papers showed that cardiac stem cells (CSCs) form (cardio)sphere. However, recent studies questioned the significance of the sphere-formation as one of the characteristics of CSCs. We isolated c-kit-positive cardiac stem cells, cultured as bulk (CSC-BC) and characterized them previously. Among them, CSC-BC21 formed an extraordinary number of spheres. Using a clone derived from this bulk culture, we investigated the effect of sphere-formation on differentiation and performed proteomics analysis comparing two statuses, cardiosphere and dish substrate attachment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed sphere-forming assay to compare the sphere-forming ability among CSC-BCs. The cloned cells from CSC-BC21, which had distinct sphere-forming ability, were cultured in a differentiation medium (DM) to induce cardiac myocyte differentiation. We performed RT-PCR analysis to investigate if cardiosphere-formation affects cardiac myocyte gene expression level. Furthermore, proteome analysis was performed to compare floating cardiosphere (flCS) and dish-attached cardiosphere-derived cells (daCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the cloned cells, CSC-21E expressed higher troponin I message than CSC-BC21. Moreover, the message level of troponin I was enhanced when they had experienced cardiosphere prior to the treatment of myocyte differentiation medium. The change from flCS to daCS accompanied up-regulation of chaperones and down regulation of glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes. Calreticulin and Hsp 90 were among the up-regulated chaperons. Calreticulin is known to be an essential component of cardiogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the switch from aggregated sphere to the cell attachment, is important for advancing the cardiac cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: International Research and Educational Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Yohtaroh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagaki
authors.forename: Rumiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Nanako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*