title: Non-β-cell progenitors of β-cells in pregnant mice.
abstract: Pregnancy is a normal physiological condition in which the maternal β-cell mass increases rapidly about two-fold to adapt to new metabolic challenges. We have used a lineage tracing of β-cells to analyse the origin of new β-cells during this rapid expansion in pregnancy. Double transgenic mice bearing a tamoxifen-dependent Cre-recombinase construct under the control of a rat insulin promoter, together with a reporter Z/AP gene, were generated. Then, in response to a pulse of tamoxifen before pregnancy, β-cells in these animals were marked irreversibly and heritably with the human placental alkaline phosphatase (HP AP). First, we conclude that the lineage tracing system was highly specific for β-cells. Secondly, we scored the proportion of the β-cells marked with HP AP during a subsequent chase period in pregnant and non-pregnant females. We observed a dilution in this labeling index in pregnant animal pancreata, compared to nonpregnant controls, during a single pregnancy in the chase period. To extend these observations we also analysed the labeling index in pancreata of animals during the second of two pregnancies in the chase period. The combined data revealed statistically-significant dilution during pregnancy, indicating a contribution to new beta cells from a non-β-cell source. Thus for the first time in a normal physiological condition, we have demonstrated not only β-cell duplication, but also the activation of a non-β-cell progenitor population. Further, there was no transdifferentiation of β-cells to other cell types in a two and half month period following labeling, including the period of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abouna
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Old
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelengaris
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ifandi
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C019839:alkaline phosphatase, placental