title: Dexmedetomidine: new insights.
abstract: Dexmedetomidine is a potent alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, more selective than clonidine, with widespread actions on the mammalian brain that include sedation, anaesthetic-sparing, analgesia and sympatholytic properties. A large body of recent work supports its favourable profile in improving outcome and long-term brain function in the critically ill. The source of these benefits may lie in the neuroprotective properties that are seen in experimental models and in the clinical setting, in which it can attenuate delirium, preserve sleep architecture, preserve ventilatory drive and decrease sympathetic tone and inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine may also be a valuable adjuvant when regional anaesthesia is used. Future research should aim at establishing the risk/benefit ratio when used at the bedside.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Beaujon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, Paris 7 Paris Diderot University, INSERM U 676, Paris, France. jean.mantz@bjn.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantz
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Josserand
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D016638:Critical Illness; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020927:Dexmedetomidine