title: HIV-1 drug resistance transmission networks in southwest Switzerland.
abstract: To determine viral subtypes and resistance mutations to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in untreated HIV-1 acutely infected subjects from Southwest Switzerland. Clinical samples were obtained from the HIV primary infection cohort from Lausanne. Briefly, pol gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced to generate a 1 kb sequence spanning protease and reverse transcriptase key protein regions. Nucleotide sequences were used to assess viral genotype and ART resistance mutations. Blood specimens and medical information were obtained from 30 patients. Main viral subtypes corresponded to clade B, CRF02_AG, and F1. Resistant mutations to PIs consisted of L10V and accessory mutations 16E and 60E present in all F1 clades. The NNRTI major resistant mutation 103N was detected in all F1 viruses and in other 2 clades. Additionally, we identified F1 sequences from other 6 HIV infected and untreated individuals from Southwest Switzerland, harboring nucleotide motifs and resistance mutations to ART as observed in the F1 strains from the cohort. These data reveal a high transmission rate (16.6%) for NNRTI resistant mutation 103N in a cohort of HIV acute infection. Three of the 5 resistant strains were F1 clades closely related to other F1 isolates from HIV-1 infection untreated patients also coming from Southwest Switzerland. Overall, we provide strong evidence towards an HIV-1 resistant transmission network in Southwest Switzerland. These findings have relevant implications for the local molecular mapping of HIV-1 and future ART surveillance studies in the region.
authors.affiliation: Service of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Switzerland. erika.castro-bataenjer@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khonkarly
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bürgisser
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavassini
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yerly
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: Pierre-Alexandre
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bart
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus