title: Effect of the somatostatin analog octreotide acetate on circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and related peptides in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) mediated signaling has been implicated in the growth of many tumor types including prostate cancer, and it is hypothesized that lowering circulating IGF levels in men with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) will slow tumor growth. In this study, the efficacy of depot octreotide acetate was prospectively evaluated in patients with CRPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients had progressive non-metastatic CRPC. Octreotide acetate 30 mg was administered intramuscularly every 28 days. Changes in PSA, IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 were evaluated over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accrual was stopped early after a pre-planned interim analysis showed no prostate specific antigen (PSA) declines after 3 cycles of treatment among the first 13 patients enrolled. Median baseline PSA and IGF-1 measurements were 36.2 ng/ml and 162.6 ng/ml, respectively, and median time on treatment was 13 weeks. Radiographic progression occurred in 7 patients, PSA-only progression occurred in 5 patients, and 1 patient was taken off the study due to a grade 3 drug interaction. After 3 cycles of treatment IGF-1 significantly declined with a median -34.5% (P = 0.01) and IGFBP-1 significantly increased with a median 76.3% (P = 0.046). IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 were not significantly changed from baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Octreotide acetate significantly lowers IGF-1 and raises IGFBP-1 levels in patients with non-metastatic CRPC, but does not result in sustained declines in PSA. While treatment with single-agent octreotide may not be warranted, its inclusion in combination regimens directly targeting the IGF-1 receptor on tumor cells may be of interest.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Terence W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Vivian K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharib
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harzstark
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005414:Flatulence / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D010455:Peptides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D015282:Octreotide