title: Societal views on orphan drugs: cross sectional survey of Norwegians aged 40 to 67.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a general societal preference for prioritising treatment of rare diseases over common ones exists and could provide a justification for accepting higher cost effectiveness thresholds for orphan drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional survey using a web based questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random sample of 1547 Norwegians aged 40-67.
  
  
  METHODS
  Choice between funding treatment for a rare disease versus a common disease and how funds should be allocated if it were not possible to treat all patients, for each of two scenarios: identical treatment costs per patient and higher costs for the rare disease. Respondents rated five statements concerning attitudes to equity on a five point Likert scale (5=completely agree).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the equal cost scenario, 11.2% (9.6% to 12.8%) of respondents favoured treating the rare disease, 24.9% (21.7% to 26.0%) the common disease, and 64.9% (62.6% to 67.3%) were indifferent. When the rare disease was four times more costly to treat, the results were, respectively, 7.4% (6.1% to 8.7%), 45.3% (42.8% to 47.8%), and 47.3% (44.8% to 49.8%). Rankings for attitude on a Likert scale indicated strong support for the statements "rare disease patients should have the right to treatment even if more expensive" (mean score 4.5, SD 0.86) and "resources should be used to provide the greatest possible health benefits" (3.9, 1.23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite strong general support for statements expressing a desire for equal treatment rights for patients with rare diseases, there was little evidence that a societal preference for rarity exists if treatment of patients with rare diseases is at the expense of treatment of those with common diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1089, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. a.s.desser@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Arna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Desser
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gyrd-Hansen
authors.forename: Jan Abel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Sverre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grepperud
authors.forename: Ivar Sønbø
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D005381:Financing, Organized; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D009965:Orphan Drug Production / Q000191:economics; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011639:Public Opinion; D035583:Rare Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires