title: Laparoscopic revisional surgery after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Failure of primary bariatric surgery is frequently due to weight recidivism, intractable gastric reflux, gastrojejunal strictures, fistulas, and malnutrition. Of these patients, 10-60% will undergo reoperative bariatric surgery, depending on the primary procedure performed. Open reoperative approaches for revision to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have traditionally been advocated secondary to the perceived difficulty and safety with laparoscopic techniques. Few studies have addressed revisions after RYGB. The aim of the present study was to provide our experience regarding the safety, efficacy, and weight loss results of laparoscopic revisional surgery after previous RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent laparoscopic revisional bariatric surgery for complications after previous RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy from November 2005 to May 2007 was performed. Technical revisions included isolation and transection of gastrogastric fistulas with partial gastrectomy, sleeve gastrectomy conversion to RYGB, and revision of RYGB. The data collected included the pre- and postoperative body mass index, operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 patients underwent laparoscopic revisional surgery. The primary operations had consisted of RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy. The complications from primary operations included gastrogastric fistulas, refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease, weight recidivism, and gastric outlet obstruction. The mean prerevision body mass index was 42 ± 10 kg/m(2). The average follow-up was 240 days (range 11-476). The average body mass index during follow-up was 37 ± 8 kg/m(2). Laparoscopic revision was successful in all but 1 patient, who required conversion to laparotomy for staple line leak. The average operating room time and estimated blood loss was 131 ± 66 minutes and 70 mL, respectively. The average hospital stay was 6 days. Three patients required surgical exploration for hemorrhage, staple line leak, and an incarcerated hernia. The overall complication rate was 23%, with a major complication rate of 11.5%. No patients died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic revisional bariatric surgery after previous RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy is technically challenging but compared well in safety and efficacy with the results from open revisional procedures. Intraoperative endoscopy is a key component in performing these procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65203, USA.
authors.forename: Mario P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de la Torre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors