title: Practical decision-making in the treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysm in Japan: the U-CARE study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decision-making during the management of unruptured cerebral aneurysms is a delicate process for both neurosurgeons and patients. Guidelines are evidence-based references that can aid in making decisions. However, neurosurgeons do not always follow guidelines in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to verify the hypothesis that there is substantial dissociation between treatment guidelines and practical decision-making due to a bias in treatment selection for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. This bias is dependent upon clinician-driven factors such as experience and specialty, and patient-driven factors such as patient preference.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed using internet questionnaires. A total of 282 randomly selected, qualified Japanese neurosurgeons (out of approx. 6,000 registered neurosurgeons), including 45 endovascular specialists, participated in this study. Radiological and demographic data from 88 cases of unruptured cerebral aneurysm were opened on the Web. Participating neurosurgeons decided on the treatment for each case (clipping, coiling or observation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variations in treatment selection were not significant between neurosurgeons and endovascular specialists, except for aneurysms such as anterior choroidal artery aneurysm. However, contrary to the guidelines, aneurysms larger than 10 mm tended to be treated conservatively because the risk of treatment is high, while aneurysms smaller than 5 mm in diameter were often selected for intervention (clipping or coiling).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that in real-world clinical practice, physicians are not always faithful to the current guidelines. In making practical treatment decisions for unruptured cerebral aneurysms, the patient's will and the recognition of unavoidable, treatment-related risks seriously influence neurosurgeons' decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W16 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Kiyohiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Houkin
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003625:Data Collection; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D057240:Patient Preference; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors