title: Application of the phasor transform for automatic delineation of single-lead ECG fiducial points.
abstract: This work introduces a new single-lead ECG delineator based on phasor transform. The method is characterized by its robustness, low computational cost and mathematical simplicity. It converts each instantaneous ECG sample into a phasor, and can precisely manage P and T waves, which are of notably lower amplitude than the QRS complex. The method has been validated making use of synthesized and real ECG sets, including the MIT-BIH arrhythmia, QT, European ST-T and TWA Challenge 2008 databases. Experiments with the synthesized recordings reported precise detection and delineation performances in a wide variety of ECGs, with signal-to-noise ratios of 10 dB and above. For real ECGs, the QRS detection was characterized by an average sensitivity of 99.81% and positive predictivity of 99.89%, for all the analyzed databases (more than one million beats). Regarding delineation, the maximum localization error between automatic and manual annotations was lower than 6 ms and its standard deviation was in agreement with the accepted tolerances for expert physicians in the onset and offset identification for QRS, P and T waves. Furthermore, after revising and reannotating some ECG recordings by expert cardiologists, the delineation error decreased notably, becoming lower than 3.5 ms, on average, and reducing by a half its standard deviation. This new proposed strategy outperforms the results provided by other well-known delineation algorithms and, moreover, presents a notably lower computational cost.
authors.affiliation: Innovation in Bioengineering Research Group, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain. arturo.martinez@uclm.es
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: José Joaquín
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rieta
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001331:Automation; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results