Histopathologic identification of dermal filler agents.
As reflected in the literature, the use of dermal filler agents has increased substantially over the last decade. Consequently, these agents are more frequently encountered on histopathologic examination. A variety of dermal fillers can be readily identified histopathologically, and the accurate identification of these agents is a critical task for dermatopathologists. Furthermore, a basic understanding of the histological features of fillers has relevance to dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons. The identification of filler substances may have important diagnostic, medico-legal and medical management considerations. This concise review aims to provide a pragmatic approach to distinguishing the agents most frequently encountered in routine practice and in the literature.
Mercer
Stephen E
SE
Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Kleinerman
Rebecca
R
Goldenberg
Gary
G
Emanuel
Patrick O
PO
D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D003094:Collagen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010232:Paraffin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012828:Silicones / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D012828:Silicones; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D010232:Paraffin; D003094:Collagen; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite