title: Replication of individual DNA molecules under electronic control using a protein nanopore.
abstract: Nanopores can be used to analyse DNA by monitoring ion currents as individual strands are captured and driven through the pore in single file by an applied voltage. Here, we show that serial replication of individual DNA templates can be achieved by DNA polymerases held at the α-haemolysin nanopore orifice. Replication is blocked in the bulk phase, and is initiated only after the DNA is captured by the nanopore. We used this method, in concert with active voltage control, to observe DNA replication catalysed by bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase (T7DNAP) and by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (KF). T7DNAP advanced on a DNA template against an 80-mV load applied across the nanopore, and single nucleotide additions were measured on the millisecond timescale for hundreds of individual DNA molecules in series. Replication by KF was not observed when this enzyme was held on top of the nanopore orifice at an applied potential of 80 mV. Sequential nucleotide additions by KF were observed upon applying controlled voltage reversals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, MS SOE2, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olasagasti
authors.forename: Kate R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: Seico
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cherf
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Deamer
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akeson
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D058608:Nanopores; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D004247:DNA; C034970:bacteriophage T7 induced DNA polymerase; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase