title: Adverse impact of hepatitis C virus infection on renal replacement therapy and renal transplant patients in Australia and New Zealand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with end-stage renal disease before and after renal transplantation requires more data. We examined the outcomes of HCV antibody positive (HCVAb+) dialysis and renal transplant patients using the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of dialysis (n=23,046) and transplant (n=7572) patients were identified. Survival outcomes, causes of mortality, and causes of graft failure were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dialysis Cohort: 362 (1.6%) were HCVAb+ve. The cause of end-stage renal disease in the HCVAb+ve group was more likely to be glomerulonephritis or diabetes. Survival figures were similar at 5 years (48% vs. 47%) and 10 years (22% and 20%) for HCVAb+ve and HCVAb negative (HCVAb-ve) groups; however, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for mortality was increased, 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.46), for the HCVAb+ve cohort. Liver failure was more likely. Renal Transplantation Cohort: 140 (1.8%) were HCVAb+ve. Patient survival among HCVAb+ve and HCVAb-ve groups was 77% vs. 90% and 50% vs. 79% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The aHR for patient death was 2.38 (95%CI, 1.69-3.37). Higher rates of death due to cardiovascular disease (aHR=2.74), malignancy (aHR=2.52), and hepatic failure (aHR=22.1) were observed. The aHR for graft loss was 1.71 (95%CI, 1.28-2.29) for HCVAb+ve patients; and glomerulonephritis, chronic allograft neuropathy, and death were more frequent causes of graft failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On dialysis, HCVAb+ve patients had a slightly worse outcome. After renal transplantation, the HCVAb+ve cohort had a markedly worse patient and graft outcome. The impact of viral eradication on these outcomes is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jeffrey K W
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Tim S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Spicer
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Fiona K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Mensah
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Miriam T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D009520:New Zealand; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies