title: Effects of psychotherapy training and intervention use on session outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was an investigation of the relationships among therapist training variables, psychotherapy process, and session outcome in a psychotherapy training clinic. The aims were to assess the relationship between "training as usual" and intervention use in individual psychotherapy, to investigate the relationship between therapist intervention use and session outcome, and to test whether training variables moderate this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Graduate student therapists (n = 19; mean age = 27 years; 79% women; 84% White) provided information about their training and completed a measure of intervention use (Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions; McCarthy & Barber, 2009) and clients (n = 42; mean age = 33 years; 64% women; 95% White) completed a measure of session outcome (Session Progress Scale; Kolden, 1991) after each session of individual psychotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With regard to intervention use and session outcome, no main effects were found for the training variables. Consequently, tests of moderation were not performed. The final model for intervention use and session outcome yielded main effects for time-varying interpersonal therapy and time-varying common factor use, and a 3-way interaction among time-varying cognitive-behavioral (CBT) intervention use, between-patient common factor use, and between-therapist common factor use. Patients who received more common factor interventions on average rated sessions as less helpful when more CBT interventions were employed; this finding was stronger for patients who were being treated by therapists with higher average levels of common factor use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications for training are discussed, with particular attention paid to the importance of clinical decision making and the complex interaction between common and unique technical factors in practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 115C Moore Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. jfb197@psu.edu
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Boswell
authors.forename: Louis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Castonguay
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wasserman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000193:education*; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D015897:Comorbidity; D003479:Curriculum; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy / Q000193:education*; D011586:Psychology, Clinical / Q000193:education; D013811:Psychotherapeutic Processes; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000193:education*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult