title: Bone loading caused by different types of misfits of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses: a three-dimensional finite element analysis based on experimental results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show, by comparison of horizontal, vertical, and angular misfit in a three-dimensional finite element model, that clinical methods for the evaluation of implant framework fit cannot provide objective results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two three-dimensional finite element models were designed for the simulation of experimentally determined strain values of three-unit fixed dental prostheses supported by two implants. Horizontal, vertical, and angular misfits between implants and restorations were used to create predetermined strain levels. The magnitudes of misfit and resulting bone loading were recorded as von Mises equivalent stresses for the different types of misfit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A horizontal misfit of 36 μm and a vertical misfit of 79 μm had to be modeled to simulate the experimentally determined strain values. An angular misfit of 0.083 degree (equivalent to a gap of 3 μm on one aspect of the implant) resulted in comparable strain levels. Bone loading in the cortical area around both implants ranged from 50 to 90 MPa for horizontal and vertical misfit. In trabecular bone, loading of 2 to 5 MPa was found. For the angular misfit, bone loading up to 20 MPa in the cortical layer and 1 MPa in the cervical part of the trabecular bone occurred at the implant where the misfit had been introduced. Horizontal and vertical misfits led to comparable loading patterns around both supporting implants. Under angular misfit, bone loading mainly occurred around the implant where the misfit had been introduced. Almost no loading was observed in the circumference of the contralateral implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimal angular misfits between implant abutments and restorations, which cannot be detected clinically, may lead to substantial bone loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 11, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohrle
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karl
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008954:Models, Biological; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants