title: Descriptive epidemiology of the Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has worse outcomes than primary reconstructions. Predictors for these worse outcomes are not known. The Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) Group was developed to perform a multisurgeon, multicenter prospective longitudinal study to obtain sufficient subjects to allow multivariable analysis to determine predictors of clinical outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the formation of MARS and provide descriptive analysis of patient demographics and clinical features for the initial 460 enrolled patients to date in this prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  After training and institutional review board approval, surgeons began enrolling patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction, recording patient demographics, previous ACL reconstruction methods, intra-articular injuries, and current revision techniques. Enrolled subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of validated patient-based outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As of April 1, 2009, 87 surgeons have enrolled a total of 460 patients (57% men; median age, 26 years). For 89%, the reconstruction was the first revision. Mode of failure as deemed by the revising surgeon was traumatic (32%), technical (24%), biologic (7%), combination (37%), infection (<1%), and no response (<1%). Previous graft present at the time of injury was 70% autograft, 27% allograft, 2% combination, and 1% unknown. Sixty-two percent were more than 2 years removed from their last reconstruction. Graft choice for revision ACL reconstruction was 45% autograft, 54% allograft, and more than 1% both allograft and autograft. Meniscus and/or chondral damage was found in 90% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MARS Group has been able to quickly accumulate the largest revision ACL reconstruction cohort reported to date. Traumatic reinjury is deemed by surgeons to be the most common single mode of failure, but a combination of factors represents the most common mode of failure. Allograft graft choice is more common in the revision setting than autograft. Concomitant knee injury is extremely common in this population.
authors.forename: Rick W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Huston
authors.forename: Kurt P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.forename: Warren R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Christina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: DeBerardino
authors.forename: Brett Brick A
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: Barton J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stuart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D013178:Sports Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult