title: Regularized common spatial pattern with aggregation for EEG classification in small-sample setting.
abstract: Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a popular algorithm for classifying electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the context of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This paper presents a regularization and aggregation technique for CSP in a small-sample setting (SSS). Conventional CSP is based on a sample-based covariance-matrix estimation. Hence, its performance in EEG classification deteriorates if the number of training samples is small. To address this concern, a regularized CSP (R-CSP) algorithm is proposed, where the covariance-matrix estimation is regularized by two parameters to lower the estimation variance while reducing the estimation bias. To tackle the problem of regularization parameter determination, R-CSP with aggregation (R-CSP-A) is further proposed, where a number of R-CSPs are aggregated to give an ensemble-based solution. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on data set IVa of BCI Competition III against four other competing algorithms. Experiments show that R-CSP-A significantly outperforms the other methods in average classification performance in three sets of experiments across various testing scenarios, with particular superiority in SSS.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. hplu@ieee.org
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: How-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Cuntai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Plataniotis
authors.forename: Anastasios N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Venetsanopoulos
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted