title: Small-dense LDL and LDL glycation in metabolic syndrome and in statin-treated and non-statin-treated type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Small-dense LDL (SD-LDL) has been particularly implicated in atherosclerosis. It has previously been reported that in non-diabetic people SD-LDL is preferentially glycated. The distribution of glycated apolipoprotein B (glyc-apoB) in lipoproteins in metabolic syndrome (MS) and in type 2 diabetes has not previously been studied. Plasma apoB and glyc-apoB were determined in different apoB-containing lipoproteins including buoyant and SD-LDL in MS (n=18) and type 2 diabetes (DM) [n=48; 12 statin-untreated (DM-S) and 36 statin-treated (DM+S)]. Plasma glyc-apoB was 5.6 ± 0.9, 3.5 ± 0.5 and 4.0 ± 0.2 mg/dl in DM-S, DM+S and MS, respectively. The glycated proportion of SD-LDL-apoB was greater than buoyant LDL in all groups. SD-LDL contributed most to plasma glyc-apoB in DM-S, because SD-LDL-apoB was higher in DM-S than in MS and DM+S (p < 0.001). Plasma glyc-apoB correlated with SD-LDL-apoB (r=0.74, p < 0.0001 in diabetes and r=0.53, p < 0.001 in MS), but not with HbA(1c). SD-LDL is preferentially glycated in type 2 diabetes and MS. Its concentration is a stronger determinant of plasma glycapoB than glycaemia. Statin-induced changes in its level may be important in decreasing apoB glycation in diabetes. These findings may explain the small effect of improving glycaemia relative to statin treatment in reducing atherosclerosis risk in type 2 diabetes and the increased risk in MS even before the onset of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Nahla N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Handrean
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soran
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Valentine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Charlton-Menys
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elseweidy
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Durrington
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D000093844:Glycated Proteins
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C031797:glycated lipoproteins, LDL; D000093844:Glycated Proteins