title: Predictors of intestinal parasitosis in school children of Kashmir: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitosis in rural and urban school children of Kashmir.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single fresh stool samples from rural and urban school children in three age groups: a) 5 to < 8 years, b) 8 to < 11 years and c) 11-14 years were taken. Various demographic characteristics considered were source of drinking water, type of toilet used and social classes as per the Kuppuswamy social scale. Personal hygiene was assessed by the visiting physician based on length of nails, hair and frequency of bathing. Stool samples were analyzed for detection of motile forms of E. histolytica and microscopic examination under low power detected eggs of intestinal helminths. Concentration methods were used if egg count was low.
  
  
  RESULTS
  274 stool samples from rural school children and 240 samples were taken from urban school children respectively. 214 (46.7%) students had stool tests positive for parasitosis. Ascariasis was the most prevalent parasitosis (28%) followed by Giardiasis (7%), Trichuriasis( 5%) and Taeniasis( 4%). There was higher prevalence of parasitosis among rural orphanage children compared to urban orphanage students (76% vs. 48% p < or = 0.05). Highest prevalence of 70% was seen in the age group 8-11years. Students using river/stream water had higher rates of parasitosis compared to those who were using tap water. 202 students were found to have poor personal hygiene and parasitosis was higher in them compared to students with good personal hygiene (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, type of toilet and water used were associated with recurrent intestinal infestation besides socio economic status. Regular deworming programmes need to be adopted at school level especially in 8-11 years old children to check the surge of intestinal parasites and their subsequent morbidities.
authors.forename: Charanjit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Showkat Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Masoodi
authors.forename: Abid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shoukat
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors