title: Delay and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in surf lifeguards after simulated cardiac arrest due to drowning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe time delay during surf rescue and compare the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after exertion in surf lifeguards.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 surf lifeguards at the Tylösand Surf Lifesaving Club in Sweden (65% men; age, 19-43 years) performed single-rescuer CPR for 10 minutes on a Laerdal SkillmeteÔ Resusci Anne manikin. The test was repeated with an initial simulated surf rescue on an unconscious 80-kg victim 100 m from the shore. The time to victim, to first ventilation, and to the start of CPR was documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time in seconds to the start of ventilations in the water was 155 ± 31 (mean ± SD) and to the start of CPR, 258 ± 44. Men were significantly faster during rescue (mean difference, 43 seconds) than women (P = .002). The mean compression depth (millimeters) at rest decreased significantly from 0-2 minutes (42.6 ± 7.8) to 8-10 minutes (40.8 ± 9.3; P = .02). The mean compression depth after exertion decreased significantly (44.2 ± 8.7 at 0-2 minutes to 41.5 ± 9.1 at 8-10 minutes; P = .0008). The compression rate per minute decreased after rescue from 117.2 ±14.3 at 0 to 2 minutes to 114.1 ± 16.1 after 8 to 10 minutes (P = .002). The percentage of correct compressions at 8 to 10 minutes was identical before and after rescue (62%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a simulated drowning, 100 m from shore, it took twice as long to bring the patient back to shore as to reach him; and men were significantly faster. Half the participants delivered continuous chest compressions of more than 38 mm during 10 minutes of single-rescuer CPR. The quality was identical before and after surf rescue.
authors.affiliation: Kungälv Ambulance Service, SE-442 40 Kungälv, Sweden. andreas.claesson@telia.com
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Claesson
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Ann-Britt
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Thorén
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D015701:Near Drowning / Q000628:therapy*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult