title: Regression approaches to derive generic and fish group-specific probability density functions of bioconcentration factors for metals.
abstract: In the framework of environmental multimedia modeling studies dedicated to environmental and health risk assessments of chemicals, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a parameter commonly used, especially for fish. As for neutral lipophilic substances, it is assumed that BCF is independent of exposure levels of the substances. However, for metals some studies found the inverse relationship between BCF values and aquatic exposure concentrations for various aquatic species and metals, and also high variability in BCF data. To deal with the factors determining BCF for metals, we conducted regression analyses to evaluate the inverse relationships and introduce the concept of probability density function (PDF) for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and As. In the present study, for building the regression model and derive the PDF of fish BCF, two statistical approaches are applied: ordinary regression analysis to estimate a regression model that does not consider the variation in data across different fish family groups; and hierarchical Bayesian regression analysis to estimate fish group-specific regression models. The results show that the BCF ranges and PDFs estimated for metals by both statistical approaches have less uncertainty than the variation of collected BCF data (the uncertainty is reduced by 9%-61%), and thus such PDFs proved to be useful to obtain accurate model predictions for environmental and health risk assessment concerning metals.
authors.affiliation: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Instituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Sezione Chimica Vegetale, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciffroy
authors.forename: Kristofer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stenberg
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010473:Perciformes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013045:Species Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical