title: Effectiveness of a cognitive orientation program with and without nicotine replacement therapy in stopping smoking in hospitalised patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analysed the effectiveness of a high intensity behavioural-cognitive intervention compared to minimal intervention started during a hospital stay, to see if the combination of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can increase the quitting rate at 12 months of follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2560 active smokers were studied during their hospital stay. Of these, 717 smokers refused to enter the study and after a minimal intervention they were asked if we could telephone them after one year to ask if they still smoked. The remaining 1843 smokers who received high intensity cognitive therapy were randomised to receive or not receive NRT. The follow up after discharge was carried out by outpatient visits or with telephone sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At one year of follow up, 7% of those who declined to enter the study had stopped smoking compared to 27% of those who entered the study (p<0.001). There were significant differences between the group that only had behavioural therapy (21% stopped) compared to the group that also had NRT (33% stopped; p=0.002). In this latter group there were significant differences (p=0.03) between those who had follow up in clinics (39% stopped) compared to those who were followed up telephone sessions (30%). In the multivariate analysis, the predictors of quitting at 12 months were: to have used NRT (OR 12.2; 95% CI, 5.2-32; p=0.002) and a higher score in the Richmond Test (OR 10.1; 95% CI, 3.9-24.2; p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cognitive type intervention started on smokers when admitted to hospital increases quitting rates at 12 months, compared to a minimal intervention, and these rates increase even more significantly if NRT is added.
authors.affiliation: Sección de EPOC y Rehabilitación Respiratoria, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain. med000521@saludalia.com
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vellisco
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: López-Campos
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de los Ángeles Sánchez
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrot
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cejudo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine