title: Endothelial function, a biomarker of subclinical cardiovascular disease, in urban police officers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Police officers were hypothesized to have decreased endothelial function, measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared FMD in police officers (n = 261) and a population sample of men and women (n = 229), all from the same geographical region and free of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the population sample, police officers had significantly increased age-adjusted CVD risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking prevalence, and alcohol consumption). Police officers exhibited lower mean FMD after adjustment for age, gender, and traditional CVD risk factors among those aged 55 years or younger (%dilation: police = 5.49%, population = 6.49%; P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Police officers exhibited decreased endothelial function (lower FMD) compared with the civilian sample, which was not fully explained by traditional CVD risk factors, suggesting that other pathways may contribute to increased CVD risk in law enforcement work.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. nedrajoseph@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Parveen Nedra
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Violanti
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Cecil M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burchfiel
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016495:Police; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers