title: CD4+ regulatory T cells in solid organ transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Solid organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, but the long-term outcomes remain suboptimal. CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are emerging as a potential therapy to facilitate long-term allograft survival. This review provides a general overview of the biology of CD4 Tregs and then goes on to discuss the most relevant and recent experimental and clinical evidence for their therapeutic use in solid organ transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There have been major advances in our understanding of Tregs, including improvements in methods for their isolation and expansion. Experimental models are providing very important data on the in-vitro and in-vivo behavior of Tregs in transplantation, while recent clinical trials of Treg cellular therapy in graft-versus-host disease are offering a valuable insight into the efficacy of Treg adoptive cellular therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data in favor of Treg cellular therapy in transplantation are mounting, and we predict that their use in clinical trials is on the horizon.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D051379:Mice; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation*