title: A crossover intervention trial evaluating the efficacy of a chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) account for the majority of hemodialysis-related infections. There are no published data on the efficacy of the chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing at reducing the rate of CRBSI among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, nonblinded, crossover intervention trial to determine the efficacy of a chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing to reduce the rate of CRBSI among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two outpatient dialysis centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 121 patients who underwent dialysis through tunneled central venous catheters received the intervention during the trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of CRBSI. A nested cohort study of all patients who received the chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing was also conducted. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for development of CRBSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven CRBSIs occurred in the intervention group, for an incidence of 6.3 CRBSIs per 1,000 dialysis sessions, and 30 CRBSIs occurred in the control group, an incidence of 5.2 CRBSIs per 1,000 dialysis sessions (risk ratio, 1.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.75-1.97]; P = .46). The chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing was well tolerated, with only 2 patients (<2%) experiencing dermatitis that led to its discontinuation. The only independent risk factor for development of CRBSI was dialysis treatment at one dialysis center (adjusted odds ratio, 4.4 [95% CI, 1.77-13.65]; P = .002). Age of at least 60 years (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.09-0.82]; P = .02) was associated with lower risk of CRBSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing did not decrease the incidence of CRBSI among patients with tunneled central venous catheters who were undergoing hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA. bcamins@dom.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Bernard C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Camins
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: Kathrin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Heather N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Coyne
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothstein
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015503:Surgical Sponges; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D002710:Chlorhexidine