title: Cytoreductive nephrectomy vs medical therapy as initial treatment: a rational approach to the sequence question in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be considered as two distinct entities: localized and metastatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a review of the scientific literature published within the past decade pertaining to cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic RCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrospective data and historical prospective series have demonstrated the survival benefit of debulking nephrectomy in well-selected RCC patients. New medical therapies, including vascular endothelial growth factor and mTOR pathway blocking drugs, are active biological agents, with survival improvement and potential regression of metastatic and primary tumors. Our current therapeutic challenge is the optimal integration of multimodal therapy consisting of systemic therapy and surgery including cytoreductive nephrectomy, debulking, and metastasectomy. Empiric data to guide this decision are limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decision concerning whether medical or surgical therapy should be the primary treatment approach selected must be made on an individual basis, taking into account patient performance status, clinical parameters, and physician expertise and recommendations, thus making each case a unique therapeutic challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: Mayer N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents