Gamma-ray localization of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes.
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are very short bursts of high-energy photons and electrons originating in Earth's atmosphere. We present here a localization study of TGFs carried out at gamma-ray energies above 20 MeV based on an innovative event selection method. We use the AGILE satellite Silicon Tracker data that for the first time have been correlated with TGFs detected by the AGILE Mini-Calorimeter. We detect 8 TGFs with gamma-ray photons of energies above 20 MeV localized by the AGILE gamma-ray imager with an accuracy of ∼5-10° at 50 MeV. Remarkably, all TGF-associated gamma rays are compatible with a terrestrial production site closer to the subsatellite point than 400 km. Considering that our gamma rays reach the AGILE satellite at 540 km altitude with limited scattering or attenuation, our measurements provide the first precise direct localization of TGFs from space.
Marisaldi
M
M
INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
Argan
A
A
Trois
A
A
Giuliani
A
A
Tavani
M
M
Labanti
C
C
Fuschino
F
F
Bulgarelli
A
A
Longo
F
F
Barbiellini
G
G
Del Monte
E
E
Moretti
E
E
Trifoglio
M
M
Costa
E
E
Caraveo
P
P
Cattaneo
P W
PW
Chen
A
A
D'Ammando
F
F
De Paris
G
G
Di Cocco
G
G
Di Persio
G
G
Donnarumma
I
I
Evangelista
Y
Y
Feroci
M
M
Ferrari
A
A
Fiorini
M
M
Froysland
T
T
Galli
M
M
Gianotti
F
F
Lapshov
I
I
Lazzarotto
F
F
Lipari
P
P
Mereghetti
S
S
Morselli
A
A
Pacciani
L
L
Pellizzoni
A
A
Perotti
F
F
Picozza
P
P
Piano
G
G
Pilia
M
M
Prest
M
M
Pucella
G
G
Rapisarda
M
M
Rappoldi
A
A
Rubini
A
A
Sabatini
S
S
Soffitta
P
P
Striani
E
E
Vallazza
E
E
Vercellone
S
S
Vittorini
V
V
Zambra
A
A
Zanello
D
D
Antonelli
L A
LA
Colafrancesco
S
S
Cutini
S
S
Giommi
P
P
Lucarelli
F
F
Pittori
C
C
Santolamazza
P
P
Verrecchia
F
F
Salotti
L
L