title: Chronic conditions in children increase the risk for physical abuse - but vary with socio-economic circumstances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether children (age 10, 12 and 15 years) with self-reported chronic conditions are at higher risk of physical abuse and/or exposure to intimate-partner violence than other children, while considering the importance of demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national cross-sectional study of 2771 pupils in grades 4, 6 and 9 from 44 schools in Sweden (91% response rate). Conflict Tactic Scales were used to measure physical abuse and separate questions measured exposure to intimate-partner violence. A list of 13 diagnoses was used to estimate chronic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with chronic conditions had an increased risk for physical abuse (CPA) only (OR 1.67) as well as in combination with exposure to intimate-partner violence (IPV) (OR 2.54), but not to IPV only, compared to children without chronic conditions. Furthermore, when chronic conditions were combined with country of birth other than Sweden and living in low-income areas, the risk for CPA increased even more, indicating interactive effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wide range of chronic health conditions in children increased the risk for physical abuse. This indicates that certain factors unite this group of children, irrespective of the type of disability or degree of severity, but where a combination with socio-economic circumstances is of importance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Health and Environment, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. birgitta.svensson@kau.se
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Carl-Gustaf
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Bornehag
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden