title: Dopamine and serotonin interactively modulate prefrontal cortex neurons in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) are released in cortex under similar circumstances, and many psychiatric drugs bind to both types of receptors, yet little is known about how they interact.
  
  
  METHODS
  To characterize the nature of these interactions, the current study used in vitro patch-clamp recordings to measure the effects of DA and/or 5-HT on pyramidal cells in layer V of the medial prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Either DA or 5-HT applied in isolation increased the evoked excitability of prefrontal cortex neurons, as shown previously. Coapplication of DA and 5-HT produced either a larger increase in excitability than when either was given alone or a significant decrease that was never observed when either was given alone. Dopamine or 5-HT also "primed" neurons to respond in an exaggerated manner to the subsequent application of the other monoamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data reveal the unappreciated interactive nature of neuromodulation in cortex by showing that the combined effects of DA and 5-HT can be different from their effects recorded in isolation. On the basis of these findings, we present a theory of how DA and 5-HT might synergistically modulate cortical circuits during various tasks.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Nina C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
authors.forename: Jeremy K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seamans
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine