title: ADIPOQ SNP45 associated with lean body mass in physically active normal weight adolescent girls.
abstract: Recently, two single nucleotide polymorphisms at position 45 and 276 on the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) have been recognized as determinants of total adiponectin levels, insulin resistance, and risk for diabetes in various obese populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether these two polymorphisms are indeed determinants in the development of metabolic disorders or whether they are secondary to other confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  To do so, we have selected 170 physically active adolescent girls (mean age, 14.03 ± 1.5 years and mean body mass index, 19.98 ± 2.5 kg/m²) devoid of any metabolic diseases or confounding factors, to better attribute any findings to genotype effects. Concentration of adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were determined from blood samples with appropriate kits. Body fat parameters were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and genotype was analyzed with DNA extracted from whole blood samples followed by polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis to separate alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither single nucleotide polymorphism +45T/G nor +276G/T was related to homeostasis model assessment index or adiponectin levels; however, the presence of the G allele on site 45 favored a significant decrease in lean body mass compared with those who were T homozygous (TG:36.90/TT:41.07 kg, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the reported increase in the risk of diabetes in subjects that were G allele carriers at site 45 in obese populations compared with normal-weight populations can be linked instead to a change in muscle mass or the muscle itself present in this genotype group.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Biochemistry G. Moruzzi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. catherin.passariello@unibo.it
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Passariello
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gruodytė
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiio
authors.forename: Jarek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäestu
authors.forename: Jaak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
authors.forename: Melli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saar
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicchella
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanelli
authors.forename: Toivo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin