title: Mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in badminton.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries related to sports activities has been reported; however, the injury situation of ACL injury in badminton has not been elucidated. This study investigated the mechanism of ACL injury in badminton using a questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on injury mechanism was gathered from interviews with six male and 15 female badminton players who received a non-contact ACL injury playing badminton and underwent ACL reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common injury mechanism (10 of 21 injuries) was single-leg landing after overhead stroke. Nine of 10 players had injured the knee opposite to the racket-hand side. The second most frequent injury mechanism (eight of 21 injuries) was plant-and-cut while side-stepping or backward stepping. All eight players injured the knee of the racket-hand side. Eleven injuries occurred in the rear court, and six of the 11 injuries occurred during single-leg landing after an overhead stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The knee opposite to the racket-hand side tended to sustain the ACL injuries during single-leg landing after a backhand overhead stroke, whereas the knee of the racket-hand side tended to be injured by plant-and-cut during side or backward stepping. These injury patterns appear to be due to specific movements during badminton.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho 5, Hirosaki, Japan. yukax10@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Harehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D015865:Racquet Sports / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult