title: Longitudinal evaluation of the concordance and prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion in transurethral resection and radical cystectomy specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the concordance transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and radical cystectomy (RC) specimens with regard to the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Additionally, to evaluate the prognostic value of LVI in the prediction of lymph node metastases, overall survival, disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival following RC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 487 patients who underwent RC at our institution between 1987 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated for the presence or absence of LVI as determined by pathological evaluation. The presence or absence of LVI was then evaluated on previous transrectal resection specimens of this cohort of patients undergoing RC. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were undertaken to evaluate the contribution of LVI to various outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 474 patients with complete LVI data, 60 (12.3%) were found to have LVI at TURBT compared to 161 (33.1%) at RC. Although the presence of LVI at TURBT was more significantly associated with the presence of LVI at RC, only 42.9% of patients in whom LVI was documented at TURBT were found to harbour LVI at RC. The risk of nodal disease was higher in those patients with LVI at TURBT than in those with no evidence of LVI at TURBT (48.3% vs 25.0%, P < 0.001). Additionally, LVI at TURBT was associated with an increasing risk of pathological upstaging and the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival analysis showed a significant decrement in overall and recurrence-free survival among those with LVI at TURBT compared to those with no evidence of LVI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphovascular invasion at TURBT provides useful prognostic information that should be incorporated into clinical decision-making, particularly with regard to cystectomy for nonmuscle-invasive carcinoma and the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology and Department of Pathology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matthew.resnick@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergey
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magerfleisch
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.forename: S Bruce
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Guzzo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*