title: Transobturator vaginal tape inside out for treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence: preliminary results in 7 female dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the transobturator vaginal tape inside-out (TVT-O) in incontinent female dogs affected with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) and to determine its urodynamic and morphologic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incontinent spayed female dogs (n=7).
  
  
  METHODS
  TVT-O tape was inserted in 7 incontinent female dogs diagnosed with USMI. Urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and vaginourethrograms were performed preoperatively, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Clinical efficacy of the technique was evaluated and complications reported. Follow-up information was evaluated by a telephone questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs were continent immediately after the procedure. Incontinence recurred 2 months after surgery in 1 dog and was treated by phenylpropanolamine administration. At mean follow-up time of 11.3 months, 6 of 7 dogs were continent. An iatrogenic urethral tear occurred intraoperatively in 1 dog. No postoperative complications were encountered. The postoperative UPPs showed significantly increased maximal urethral closure pressure and integrated pressure. Postoperative vaginourethrograms were unremarkable. The surgical procedure did not modify the location of the urinary bladder neck in dogs with a "pelvic urinary bladder" preoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TVT-O was efficient in maintaining short term continence in 6 of 7 dogs affected with USMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences (Companion Animals), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. Stephanie.Claeys@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Leval
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamaide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D053825:Suburethral Slings / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014563:Urodynamics; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*