title: Direct visualization and measurement of the extrapolation length on cooling toward the nematic-smectic-A phase transition temperature.
abstract: A herringbone "easy axis" pattern is scribed into a polyimide alignment layer for liquid-crystal orientation using the stylus of an atomic force microscope. Owing to the liquid crystal's bend elasticity K33 , the nematic director is unable to follow the sharp turn in the scribed easy axis, but instead relaxes over an extrapolation length L=K33/W2φ, where W2φ is the quadratic azimuthal anchoring strength coefficient. By immersing a tapered optical fiber into the liquid crystal, illuminating the fiber with polarized light, and scanning the fiber close to the substrate, a visualization and direct measurement of L are obtained on approaching the nematic-smectic- A phase transition temperature T NA from above. L is found to exhibit a sharp pretransitional increase near T NA, consistent with a diverging bend elastic constant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonseuk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt