title: Effects of omega-3 on lipid profile and inflammation markers in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients generally have a more atherogenic serum lipid profile. Although statins are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy, there is an important role of fibrates in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Fibrates increased the risk of rhabdomyolysis. ESRD patients are at risk for inadequate omega-3 intake as a result of renal dietary recommendations. In the general population omega-3 fatty acids play an important modulatory role in lipid regulation, immune and inflammatory responses, progression of arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of oral omega-3 administration on plasma lipid levels and inflammatory markers in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen adult and stable PD patients who did not receive omega-3 or fibrates treatment before were included in the study. All subjects followed the usual dialysis diet and regimen and continued with the same cholesterol-lowering statins. The patients were treated with daily oral 2.4 g docosahexaenoic acid and 1 g eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in three divided doses with meals for 8 weeks. Triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and inflammation markers were evaluated before the administration of omega-3 and at 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triglyceride levels were decreased significantly (p = 0.001). Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were not affected. ESR, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, 4-hydroxynonenal, and malondialdehyde levels reduced insignificantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This short-term pilot study demonstrated the efficacy, safety, and well tolerability of omega-3 in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Western Galilee Hospital, Naharyia, Israel. Kamal.Hassan@naharia.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Kamal S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Shadi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Ehsan G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hijazi
authors.forename: Khalid O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Khazim
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids