Anoxia, acidosis, and intergenic interactions selectively regulate methionine sulfoxide reductase transcriptions in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) belong to a gene family that contains one MsrA and three MsrBs (MsrB1, MsrB2, and MsrB3). We have identified all four of the genes that are expressed in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures. The vital cellular functions of the Msr family of genes are to protect cells from oxidative damage by enzymatically reducing the oxidized sulfide groups of methionine residues in proteins from the sulfoxide form (--SO) back to sulfide thus restoring normal protein functions as well as reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have performed studies on the Msr family genes to examine the regulation of gene expression. Our studies using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting have shown that expression levels of the four Msr family genes are under differential regulation by anoxia/reoxygenation treatment, acidic culture conditions and interactions between MsrA and MsrB. Results from these in vitro experiments suggest that although these genes function as a whole in oxidative stress protection, each one of the Msr genes could be responsive to environmental stimulants differently at the tissue level.
Zhang
Chi
C
Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Jia
Pingping
P
Jia
Yuanyuan
Y
Li
Yuejin
Y
Webster
Keith A
KA
Huang
Xupei
X
Achary
Mohan
M
Lemanski
Sharon L
SL
Lemanski
Larry F
LF
D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases; C027219:methionine sulfoxide reductase