title: Characterization of immune responses induced by combined clade-A HIV-1 recombinant adenovectors in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous evidences indicate that in some HIV-1 positive patients, the humoral and cellular immune responses are induced against HIV-1 proteins and this is inversely related to the progress of infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the evaluation of the Adenovectors containing HIV genes in induction of immune responses in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HIV-1 genes including gag p24, rev, nef and exon-1 of tat were amplified from HIV-1 RNA (clade-A). The cDNA of each gene was cloned into a transfer vector. The transfer vector was then co-transformed into E. coli strain BJ5183 together with pAdenovector ∆E1/E3. The recombinant adenoviral construct was transfected into QBI-293A cells. Recombinant viruses were purified and titrated on 293 cell plates. Expression of transgenes was evaluated using western blotting. Then 10(12) viral particles were injected into 15 groups of 5 mice and all patterns of combination of these 4 HIV-1 genes were evaluated. After 2 weeks, humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated using ELISA, cell proliferation and ELISpot (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ) assays, consecutively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was demonstrated that each gene was expressed. The response targets were mostly toward Th1, though several Th2 responses were also observed. Single injection in our study induced a good cellular response but the humoral responses were not as strong as the cellular ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering and comparing all results and evaluating the various possible interactions revealed that simultaneous injection of tat and gag has enhanced the humoral and cellular responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, e-mail: pourfa@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayanolhagh
authors.forename: Mahtab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alinezhad
authors.forename: Koorosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foroughi
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Khorram Khorshid
authors.forename: Minoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohraz
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahboudi
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pourfathollah
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins