title: Brain MRI abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore brain MRI findings in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and to investigate specific brain lesions with respect to the localization of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty admitted patients (36 women) who satisfied the 2006 criteria of Wingerchuk et al. for NMO were included in this study. All patients received a neurological examination and MRI scanning including brain and spinal cord. MRIs were classified as normal, nonspecific, multiple sclerosis-like, typical abnormalities. MS-like lesions were too few to satisfy the Barkhof et al. criteria for MS. Confluent lesions involving high AQP-4 regions were considered typical. Non-enhancing deep white matter lesions other than MS-like lesions or typical lesions were classified as nonspecific.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain MRI lesions were delineated in 12 patients (25%). Four patients (10%) had hypothalamus, brainstem or periventricle lesions. Six (15%) patients were nonspecific, and 2 (5%) patients had multiple sclerosis-like lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain MRIs are negative in most NMO, and brain lesions do not exclude the diagnosis of NMO. Hypothalamus, brainstem or periventricle lesions, corresponding to high sites of AQP-4 in the brain, are indicative of lesions of NMO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, 45 Chang-Chun St, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100053, People's Republic of China. feiwang1973@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yaou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: KunCheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D051401:Aquaporin 4; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium