title: Integrated studies for automobile wastes management in developing countries; in the concept of environmentally friendly mechanic village.
abstract: More cities in developing countries now consider mechanic village (MV) as superior to the city wide auto-workshop practice following the increasing influx of used or waste automobile from industrialized nations. This is because of the numerous advantages of the mechanic village concept as a capacity building, and in poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, mechanic villages are poorly developed with no waste management plan. They are now identified with severe to excessive heavy metal soil pollution, causing ecological and public health hazards. This paper has a wider explanation of what it takes for a mechanic village to be environmentally friendly based on spectroscopic analysis and physical measurements conducted in three MVs. Heavy metal concentrations (mg kg( -1)) above background levels in the upper 100 cm soil profiles of the Okigwe, the Orji, and the Nekede MVs in the Imo River basin collectively range 748-70,606 for Fe; 99-1,090 for Pb; 186-600 for Mn; 102-1,001 for Cu; 8-23 for Cd; 4-27 for Cr; and 3-10 for Ni. The most abundant metals of environmental concerns are Pb, Mn, and Cu, in the order of Pb > Mn > Cu. Three-phase storm water treatment, emission testing, minimum safe farming distance (350 m), extended producer responsibility for disposal or recycling of used motor oil, phyto-remediation using local plants, groundwater monitoring wells, and continuous education of mechanics are recommended. Exporters of waste automobiles to developing countries and the United Nations may assist developing countries in establishing environmentally friendly MVs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA. nwachukwum1@mail.montclair.edu
authors.forename: Michael Amamechi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nwachukwu
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Kennedy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Achilike
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D019049:Developed Countries; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical