Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for stable outpatients: CPAP and beyond.
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been used in outpatients with sleep apnea, sleep disorders associated with heart failure, restrictive pulmonary diseases (subsuming neuromuscular diseases and thoracic cage deformities), severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. NIPPV in these settings has resulted in significant physiologic benefits, improved quality of life, and in some cases longer survival. We discuss the modes of NIPPV, current indications, and potential benefits.
Theerakittikul
Theerakorn
T
Sleep Disorders Center, Cleveland Clinic Beachwood, OH 44122, USA.
Ricaurte
Basma
B
Aboussouan
Loutfi S
LS
D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D010045:Outpatients; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000191:economics