Matrix metalloproteinases and angiogenic factors: predictors of survival after radical prostatectomy for clinically organ-confined prostate cancer?
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether biomarkers improve the prediction of recurrence-free, disease-specific, and overall survival in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. A tissue microarray was constructed from prostate specimens of 278 patients who underwent open radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. For immunohistochemical studies, antibodies were used against matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-19, as well as against vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-induced factor 1α, basic fibroblast growth factor, and cluster of differentiation 31. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the potential predictors of overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival. In univariate analysis of patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer, only higher expression levels of MMP-9 (hazard ratio [0.6], 95% CI 0.45-0.8) had a protective effect in terms of overall survival. This positive effect of high MMP-9 expression was also observed for recurrence-free (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.99) and disease-specific survival (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.36-0.73). In multivariable analysis, none of these potential markers was found to be an independent prognostic factor of survival. Of all MMPs and angiogenic factors tested, MMP-9 expression has the potential as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically organ-confined cases of prostate cancer.
Boxler
Silvan
S
Institute of Anatomy, Department of Urology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Djonov
Valentin
V
Kessler
Thomas M
TM
Hlushchuk
Ruslan
R
Bachmann
Lucas M
LM
Held
Ulrike
U
Markwalder
Regula
R
Thalmann
George N
GN
D000368:Aged; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases