title: The urgency of surgical decompression in acute central cord injuries with spondylosis and without instability.
abstract: METHODS
  Systematic review, ambispective analysis of observational data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To make recommendations as to whether or not urgent surgical decompression is ever indicated as the optimal treatment for enhancing neurologic recovery in a patient with acute central cord injury without fracture or instability.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There are currently no standards regarding the role and timing of decompression in acute traumatic central cord syndrome. In the setting of TCCS without spinal column instability, much controversy exists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have performed a thorough literature search based on the following question: "Is there a role for urgent (within 24 hours from injury to surgery) surgical decompression in acute central cord syndrome without fracture or instability specifically to enhance neurologic recovery?" Data including patient demographics, mechanism of injury, comorbidities, neurologic status, and surgical treatment was analyzed from a multicenter STSG observational database. Outcome measured included ASIA Motor Score, ASIA Grade, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Score, SF-36, Sphincter Disturbance, and Ambulatory status. Measures were recorded on admission, discharge, 6 months and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12-month follow-up, early surgery resulted in a 6.31 point greater improvement in total motor score than did the late surgery group, with a P = 0.0358. At 6-month follow-up, early surgery result in higher chance of improvement in ASIA Grade than late surgery, with an odds ratio = 3.39, while at 12-month follow-up early surgery resulted in a higher chance of improvement in ASIA Grade, with an odds ratio of 2.81. Patients who were operated on within 24 hours had 7.79 U more improvement in FIM Total Score than late surgery at 6 month follow-up, with P = 0.0474.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consensus of experts following review of relevant and examination of observational dataset concluded that it is reasonable and safe to consider early surgical decompression in patients with profound neurologic deficit (ASIA = C) and persistent spinal cord compression due to developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis without fracture or instability. Those with less severe deficit (ASIA = D) can be treated with initial observation with surgery potentially at a later date depending on the extent and temporal profile of the patients neurologic recovery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lenehan
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fehlings
authors.forename: Bizhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aarabi
authors.forename: Marcel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dvorak
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020210:Central Cord Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055009:Spondylosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult