title: Outcome measurement for COPD: reliability and validity of the Dyspnea Management Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Dyspnea Management Questionnaire (DMQ) is a measure of the psychosocial and behavioral responses to dyspnea for adults with COPD. The research objectives were to evaluate the reliability and validity of an expanded DMQ item pool, as a preliminary step for developing a computer adaptive test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original 66 items of the DMQ were used for the analyses. The sample included 63 women and 44 men with COPD (n = 107) recruited from two urban medical centers. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test the factor structure of the DMQ and its underlying cognitive-behavioral theoretical base. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and breadth of coverage of the expanded DMQ item bank were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five distinct dyspnea domains were confirmed using 56 original items of the DMQ: dyspnea intensity, dyspnea anxiety, activity avoidance, activity self-efficacy, and strategy satisfaction. Overall, the breadth of items was excellent with a good match between sample scores and item difficulty. The DMQ-56 showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.85-to 0.96) and good preliminary test-retest reliability over a 3-week interval (ICC = 0.69-0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DMQ demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity for measuring multidimensional dyspnea outcomes after medical, psychological, and behavioral interventions for adults with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Public Health's Health & Disability Research Institute, Boston, MA 02118, USA. anorweg@bu.edu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norweg
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jette
authors.forename: Pengsheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whiteson
authors.forename: Minjin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*