title: Off-pump bilateral versus single skeletonized internal thoracic artery grafting in patients with diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We compared the outcomes in propensity score-matched patients with diabetes undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using skeletonized bilateral or single internal thoracic artery (ITA) and assessed any benefit of bilateral ITA grafting for outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 770 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (99.2% by off-pump technique without conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass), 423 patients had diabetes mellitus. After excluding patients who were older than 85 years of age (n = 10) or had only one target vessel at the left coronary area (n = 9), 170 pairs were matched using propensity scores created on the basis of 12 preoperative factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for 1 patient, bilateral ITA was anastomosed to the left coronary system. Postoperative serum glucose was well controlled in both groups. The rate of deep sternal infection was similar between the groups. The mean observation period was 3.2 years. The 5-year survival free from overall death in bilateral versus single ITA grafting was 87.5% versus 70.8% (log-rank test p = 0.01). For freedom from cardiac death, the respective rate was 92.1% versus 78.7% (p = 0.01). For freedom from cardiac event, the respective rate was 91.0% versus 72.6% (p = 0.01). In multivariate Cox models, bilateral ITA grafting was significantly associated with a lower risk for overall death (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.89; p = 0.02), cardiac death (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 0.87; p = 0.02), and cardiac event (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.85; p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Off-pump skeletonized left-sided bilateral ITA grafting is associated with better mid-term outcomes than single ITA grafting, without increasing the risk of deep sternal infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Japan. kinotake@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kambara
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057216:Propensity Score; D016896:Treatment Outcome