title: Influence of late irradiation on the in vitro RBC storage variables of leucoreduced RBCs in SAGM additive solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There exists only few data on in vitro and in vivo effects of gamma irradiation of leucoreduced red blood cells (RBCs). Reported studies reflect the effects of early irradiation and subsequent storage. The effects of irradiation on RBCs shortly before the end of their shelf-life have not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 160 RBC units that were stored in the additive solution saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol and leucoreduced on the collection day. Forty components were irradiated on day +14 with 30 Gy, 40 on day +28, 40 on day +35, and 40 served as nonirradiated controls. In vitro evaluation of all units was performed on days +3, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, and +42 from the collection day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gamma irradiation induced leakage of potassium ions and lactate dehydrogenase and enhanced in vitro haemolysis rate in the irradiated components, which started to increase faster than that of nonirradiated RBCs from the day of irradiation, i.e. from day +14 in units that were irradiated on day +14, from day +28 in units that were irradiated on day +28, and from day +35 in units that were irradiated on day +35.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents data on the in vitro quality of leucoreduced RBCs that have been irradiated on days +14, +28, or +35 after collection. Our findings support the proposal that the current limitation of the age of RBCs on the day of gamma irradiation may be replaced by staged limitations depending on the time of irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. robert.zimmermann@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schoetz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eckstein
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005947:Glucose; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures; D008353:Mannitol; D010539:Permeability / Q000528:radiation effects; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C037839:ADSOL; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine