title: Serum cystatin C and the incidence of hypertension in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum cystatin has been shown to be associated with hypertension in the general population. Little is known on the relationship of serum cystatin C with the long-term hypertension incidence in persons with diabetes. We examined the association of serum cystatin C with the incidence of hypertension over a 15-year period in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 15-year cumulative incidence of hypertension was measured in Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy participants. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg and/or history of use of antihypertensive treatment. The relation of cystatin C and other risk factors to hypertension incidence was determined with generalized linear modeling with the complementary log-log link function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for age, gender, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin, and baseline systolic and diastolic BP, the baseline serum cystatin C was associated with the 15-year cumulative incidence of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) per mg/l of cystatin C: 3.43, and 95% confidence interval: 1.36, 8.63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show a relationship of serum cystatin C with the incidence of hypertension in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The underlying biological processes remain to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA. sahakyan@epi.ophth.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sahakyan
authors.forename: Barbara E K
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Kristine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C