title: Interleukin-17 contributes to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury in mice.
abstract: Cytokines, essential mediators of inflammatory and immune responses, play an important role in the pathophysiological processes associated with neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury. Recently, a novel proinflammatory cytokine, the interleukin (IL)-17, was found to orchestrate inflammatory responses in a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. Here, we investigated the role of IL-17 in mediating neuroinflammation and pain hypersensitivity using the neuropathic pain model of partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in mice. Compared to wild-type, IL-17 knockout (KO) mice displayed significantly decreased mechanical pain hypersensitivity as well as decreased infiltration of T cells and macrophages to the injured sciatic nerves and the L3-L5 dorsal root ganglia and decreased activation of microglia and astrocytes in the L3-5 dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord. Further, intraplantar and intraneural injection of recombinant IL-17 into the hind paw and the sciatic nerve, respectively, induced both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, whereas intrathecal injection produced thermal hyperalgesia. IL-17 administration was associated with a significant increase in the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and activated dendritic cells in the injected hind paws and infiltrating neutrophils in the injected sciatic nerves. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL-17 contributes to the regulation of immune cell infiltration and glial activation after peripheral nerve injury and the ensuing neuropathic pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-17 is an important regulator of immune responses and is involved in inducing and mediating proinflammatory reactions. Using IL-17 KO mice, we have demonstrated that IL-17 contributes to neuroinflammatory responses and pain hypersensitivity following neuropathic injury. This work identifies IL-17 as a potential therapeutic target in neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Cristina Fabiola
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moalem-Taylor
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000473:pathology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012585:Sciatica / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D020381:Interleukin-17; D008840:Microfilament Proteins