title: Future provision of orthodontic care for patients with craniofacial anomalies and cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Canadian and United States (US) orthodontic programs provide training in treating patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and craniofacial anomalies (CFA) and whether residents will treat these patients in their future practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  An email with a personalized link to an anonymous, multi-item, online questionnaire was sent to all 54 Canadian and 335 of the approximately 700 US orthodontic residents. The two questions asked were: "Do you plan to include the treatment of CLP and CFA patients in your practice?" and "Does your program contain formal training in treating patients with CLP and CFA?"
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 Canadian and 136 US residents responded. In Canada, 30% plan to treat patients with CLP and CFA after graduation, 14% said no, 48% said maybe, and 9% were unsure. In the US, 53% said yes, 7% said no, 36% said maybe, and 4% were unsure. When asked if their program offers formal training in the treatment of these patients, 45% of Canadian residents said yes, 34% said no, and 20% were unsure, whereas 82% of US residents said yes, 12% said no, and 5% were unsure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most programs in the US and approximately half in Canada provide training in CLP and CFA, and more than half of US and almost one-third of Canadian residents plan to be involved in the care of patients with CLP and CFA, which is considerably less than those receiving training. Orthodontic programs need to increase the number of postgraduate students who are interested in providing care to CLP and CFA patients after becoming orthodontists.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Kids Rehab Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. drjamesnoble@gmail.com
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karaiskos
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wiltshire
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002170:Canada; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000628:therapy*; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000193:education*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000639:trends*; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States