title: Head-to-head comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and electroanatomical voltage mapping to assess post-infarct scar characteristics in patients with ventricular tachycardias: real-time image integration and reversed registration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substrate-based ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) relies on electroanatomical voltage mapping (EAVM). Integration of scar information from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) with EAVM may provide supplementary information. This study assessed the relation between electrogram voltages and CE-MRI scar characteristics using real-time integration and reversed registration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients without implantable cardiac defibrillator (14 males, 64 ± 9 years) referred for VT ablation after myocardial infarction underwent CE-MRI. Contours of the CE-MRI were used to create three-dimensional surface meshes of the left ventricle (LV), aortic root, and left main stem (LM). Real-time integration of CE-MRI-derived scar meshes with EAVM of the LV and aortic root was performed using the LM and the CARTO surface registration algorithm. Merging of CE-MRI meshes with EAVM was successful with a registration error of 3.8 ± 0.6 mm. After the procedure, voltage amplitudes of each mapping point were superimposed on the corresponding CE-MRI location using the reversed registration matrix. Infarcts on CE-MRI were categorized by transmurality and signal intensity. Local bipolar and unipolar voltages decreased with increasing scar transmurality and were influenced by scar heterogeneity. Ventricular tachycardia reentry circuit isthmus sites were correlated to CE-MRI scar location. In three patients, VT isthmus sites were located in scar areas not identified by EAVM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integration of MRI-derived scar maps with EAVM during VT ablation is feasible and accurate. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging identifies non-transmural scars and infarct grey zones not detected by EAVM according to the currently used voltage criteria and may provide important supplementary substrate information in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adrianus P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wijnmaalen
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van der Geest
authors.forename: Carine F B
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: van Huls van Taxis
authors.forename: Hans-Marc J
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Siebelink
authors.forename: Lucia J M
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kroft
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Johan H C
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Reiber
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schalij
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zeppenfeld
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy