title: TL1A induces the expression of TGF-β-inducible gene h3 (βig-h3) through PKC, PI3K, and ERK in THP-1 cells.
abstract: βig-h3, an extracellular matrix protein involved in various biological processes including cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis, has been shown to be elevated in various inflammatory processes. Death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily that is expressed on T cells and macrophages, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes through interaction with its cognate ligand, TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A). In order to find out whether the TL1A-induced inflammatory activation of macrophages is associated with the up-regulation of βig-h3 expression, the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was stimulated with either recombinant human TL1A- or DR3-specific monoclonal antibodies. Stimulation of DR3 up-regulated the intracellular levels as well as the secretion of βig-h3. Utilization of various inhibitors and Western blot analysis revealed that activation of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is required for TL1A-induced βig-h3 expression. PKC appears to be the upstream regulator of PI3K since the presence of PKC inhibitor blocked the phosphorylation of AKT without affecting ERK phosphorylation. On the other hand, suppression of either PI3K or ERK activity resulted in the suppression of IκB phosphorylation. These findings indicate that TL1A can regulate the inflammatory processes through modulation of the βig-h3 expression through two separate pathways, one through PKC and PI3K and the other through ERK, which culminates at NF-κB activation.
authors.affiliation: Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: In-San
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won-Ha
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053219:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053380:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D053219:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053380:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein; C506033:TNFRSF25 protein, human; C117026:TNFSF15 protein, human