title: Induction of apoptotic cell death by Pharbitis nil extract in HER2-overexpressing MCF-7 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed this study to investigate the anti-cancer activity of Pharbitis nil (PN) ethanol extract which has been used for herbal medicinal treatment against diseases in East Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the effects of PN extract on proliferation of breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 control vector (vec) and MCF-7 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) cells engineered to overexpress oncogenic HER2 via retroviral infection. We performed the proliferation assay to measure the growth rate of the cells. FACS analysis was used to analyze the cell cycle. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the effect of PN on the level and activation of intracellular molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that PN extract inhibited the proliferation of both MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. This growth inhibition was accompanied with the increase of sub G0/G1 apoptotic fractions. When we check the efficiency of PN on the level of intracellular signaling molecules, we found that PN extract induced the inhibition of phosphorylation of HER2 and its downstream effectors, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Active forms of both Akt and ERK were gradually decreased in PN-treated MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells suggesting that the growth suppressive activity of PN is related to signaling pathway. The level of cyclin D also diminished in PN-treated both cells suggesting that PN may inhibit the growth of MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells by perturbing cell cycle progression. It should be noted that PN decreased the growth rate of both MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells without changing the level and activation of p53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PN extract suppressed the proliferation rate of HER-2 overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells inducing apoptotic cell death in vitro. Our data demonstrates that PN extracts contain useful anti-tumor activity especially against HER2 overexpressing breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Wonseok
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kyung-min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Incheol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049915:Ipomoea nil; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases