title: The effects of spatial sampling choices on MR temperature measurements.
abstract: The purpose of this article is to quantify the effects that spatial sampling parameters have on the accuracy of magnetic resonance temperature measurements during high intensity focused ultrasound treatments. Spatial resolution and position of the sampling grid were considered using experimental and simulated data for two different types of high intensity focused ultrasound heating trajectories (a single point and a 4-mm circle) with maximum measured temperature and thermal dose volume as the metrics. It is demonstrated that measurement accuracy is related to the curvature of the temperature distribution, where regions with larger spatial second derivatives require higher resolution. The location of the sampling grid relative temperature distribution has a significant effect on the measured values. When imaging at 1.0 × 1.0 × 3.0 mm(3) resolution, the measured values for maximum temperature and volume dosed to 240 cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM) or greater varied by 17% and 33%, respectively, for the single-point heating case, and by 5% and 18%, respectively, for the 4-mm circle heating case. Accurate measurement of the maximum temperature required imaging at 1.0 × 1.0 × 3.0 mm(3) resolution for the single-point heating case and 2.0 × 2.0 × 5.0 mm(3) resolution for the 4-mm circle heating case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. nicktodd99@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Urvi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Bever
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013696:Temperature; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy