title: Use of herbal products among 392 Italian pregnant women: focus on pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to explore the use of herbal products among a sample of Italian pregnant women and the possible influence of herbal consumption on pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted over a 10-month period (2 days a week, from January to October 2009) at the Maternity wards of Padua and Rovereto Hospital. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview on the basis of a prestructured questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics of the enrolled subjects, specific questions on herbal use, information about pregnancy and newborn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 392 interviews were considered. One hundred and nine out of 392 women (27.8%) reported to have been taking one or more herbal products during pregnancy, in the 36.7% of cases throughout all pregnancy. The most frequently herbs taken by interviewees were chamomile, licorice, fennel, aloe, valerian, echinacea, almond oil, propolis, and cranberry. Four out of 109 women (3.7%) reported side-effects: constipation after a tisane containing a mix of herbs, rash and itching after local application of aloe or almond oil. The decision to use herbal products was mainly based on personal judgement and on the conviction that these natural substances would be safer than traditional medicines. Users were more often affected by morbidities pregnancy-related and their neonates were more frequently small for their gestational age. An higher incidence of threatening miscarriages and preterm labours was observed among regular users of chamomile and licorice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research underlines that the use of herbal products during pregnancy is common among Italian women, not always appropriate and in some cases potentially harmful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. laura.cuzzolin@univr.it
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuzzolin
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francini-Pesenti
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verlato
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joppi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoni
mesh_terms: D000033:Abortion, Threatened / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations