title: Late Pleistocene environmental changes lead to unstable demography and population divergence of Anopheles albimanus in the northern Neotropics.
abstract: We investigated the historical demography of Anopheles albimanus using mosquitoes from five countries and three different DNA regions, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI), the single copy nuclear white gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer two (ITS2). All the molecular markers supported the taxonomic status of a single species of An. albimanus. Furthermore, agreement between the COI and the white genes suggested a scenario of Pleistocene geographic fragmentation (i.e., population contraction) and subsequent range expansion across southern Central America.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que., Canada. jose.loaiza@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Loaiza
authors.forename: Marilyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Eldredge
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bermingham
authors.forename: Oris I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Sanjur
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilkerson
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: Lina A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Margarita M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grijalva
authors.forename: Lotty
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birnberg
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bickersmith
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Conn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002489:Central America; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D010802:Phylogeny; D011157:Population Dynamics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer