title: Attitudes and experience of women to common vaginal infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine women's experience and knowledge of the 2 most common non-sexually transmitted vaginal infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  
  
  METHODS
  An online omnibus was conducted on 6,010 women aged 16 to 55 years to determine the incidence and awareness of VVC and BV in Europe (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and the United States, followed by an in-depth questionnaire on 1,945 women about experience and attitudes to VVC and BV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost all (97%) of the women who took part stated that they were aware of VVC and 44% reported having had VVC, whereas only 30% of women had heard of BV and only 9% thought they had experienced it. There was confusion between symptoms specifically related to each condition, and women thought they were caused by poor hygiene, ill health, or a sexually transmitted infection, with antibiotic use cited as a cause for VVC only. Diagnosis was generally by a health care professional, but there was also considerable self-diagnosis in countries where an over-the-counter treatment was available for VVC. Rates of reported examination and testing by the health care provider varied by country, with high rates in Germany and low rates in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women seem very aware and knowledgeable about VVC, but awareness of BV is low with self-reported incidence considerably less than prevalence rates, suggesting misdiagnosis. Increased education and better diagnosis of these 2 conditions is needed to remove the stigma and taboo, especially for BV, and to ensure correct diagnosis with appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: SPD Swiss Precision Diagnostics, Bedford, UK. sarah.johnson@spdspark.com
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Humberstone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D057545:Social Stigma; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult