title: Anterior spinal fusion for thoracolumbar scoliosis: comprehensive assessment of radiographic, clinical, and pulmonary outcomes on 2-years follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a continued role for anterior spinal fusion (ASF) in the treatment of thoracolumbar scoliosis. Despite numerous previous reports of ASF in the treatment of thoracolumbar scoliosis, no single study has simultaneously evaluated clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 31 consecutive thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (Lenke type 5) who underwent ASF by a single surgeon. Patient records were comprehensively assessed for Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 score, apical trunk rotation, radiographic changes, and pulmonary function before surgery and at 2-years follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thoracolumbar/lumbar curve correction averaged from 45 to 11 degrees (74%) and spontaneous correction of thoracic curves averaged from 26 to 15 degrees (42%). Instrumented segment lordosis increased by 11 degrees, whereas proximal junction kyphosis increased by 3 degrees. No significant changes were noted in T2-T12 kyphosis, distal junctional kyphosis, T12-S1 lumbar lordosis, or coronal balance. Thoracolumbar apical trunk rotation improved from 12 to 3 degrees. Average SRS scores significantly improved from 3.9 to 4.4. SRS assessments of self-image and pain also improved significantly from 3.6 to 4.5 and from 4.1 to 4.6, respectively. Absolute and percent predicted forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were unchanged. Two patients suffered mild intercostal neuralgia postthoracotomy. There were no other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thoracoabdominal anterior approach for thoracolumbar scoliosis facilitates excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes, minimal blood loss, powerful apical trunk rotation correction, relative maintenance of lordosis, relatively short fusion constructs, and improved SRS-22 performance, without significant pulmonary function impairment at 2 years. It continues to be an efficacious treatment for thoracolumbar scoliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10017, USA.
authors.forename: Kushagra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: Kristin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kean
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chamas
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vorsanger
authors.forename: Baron S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lonner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult