title: Healthy mothers, healthy children: does maternal demand for antenatal care matter for child health in Nepal?
abstract: Nepal's Safe Motherhood Programme has failed to deliver expected gains in maternal and child health. Nepalese mothers and their children continue to dispense with (or be denied) antenatal care, experience high maternal mortality rates and suffer chronic malnutrition. We address the correlates and consequences of antenatal care utilization in Nepal by applying two-stage least squares, binomial logit and Heckman selection bias estimates to data drawn from the Nepal Health and Demographic Surveys of 1996 and 2001. Results indicate that maternal education, even at low levels, significantly increases the use of antenatal care; paternal education plays a more important role in the use of routine antenatal care than the conventional wisdom suggests; and when mothers use routine professional antenatal care and maintain good health their children tend to stay healthy through infancy and early childhood. Since health-seeking behaviour is circumscribed by patriarchal gender norms in Nepal, health policies should not only focus on female education and women's status, but also involve husbands in the process of maternal care utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. nhalim@unm.edu
authors.forename: Nafisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Alok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bohara
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009390:Nepal; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D018743:Perinatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult