title: Histopathologic identification of dermal filler agents.
abstract: As reflected in the literature, the use of dermal filler agents has increased substantially over the last decade. Consequently, these agents are more frequently encountered on histopathologic examination. A variety of dermal fillers can be readily identified histopathologically, and the accurate identification of these agents is a critical task for dermatopathologists. Furthermore, a basic understanding of the histological features of fillers has relevance to dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons. The identification of filler substances may have important diagnostic, medico-legal and medical management considerations. This concise review aims to provide a pragmatic approach to distinguishing the agents most frequently encountered in routine practice and in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleinerman
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Emanuel
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D003094:Collagen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010232:Paraffin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012828:Silicones / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D012828:Silicones; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D010232:Paraffin; D003094:Collagen; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite