title: Factors affecting compliance and resistance to auditory command hallucinations: perceptions of a clinical population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elements of voice content and characteristics of a hallucinatory voice are considered to be associated with compliance and resistance to auditory command hallucinations. However, a need for further exploration of such features remains.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the associations across different types of commands (benign, self-harm, harm-other) with a range of symptom measures and a trait measure of expressed compliance with compliance to the most recent command and command hallucinations over the previous 28 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, with auditory hallucinations in the previous 28 days were screened. Where commands were reported a full-assessment of positive symptoms, social-rank, beliefs about voices and trait compliance was completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance with the last self-harm command was associated with elevated voice malevolence, heightened symptom presentation and perceived consequences for non-compliance. Compliance with the last harm-other command was associated with elevated symptom severity, higher perceived consequences for non-compliance and higher levels of voice social rank. However, these associations were not maintained for compliance during the previous 28 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate the importance of identifying the content of commands, overall symptom severity and core variables associated with compliance to specific command categories. The temporal stability of established mediating variables needs further examination.
authors.affiliation: Adult Learning Disability Service, Willis House, Whiston, Prescot L35 2YZ, UK. alastair.barrowcliff@5bp.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Alastair L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Barrowcliff
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haddock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology