title: Neuroserpin protects neurons from ischemia-induced plasmin-mediated cell death independently of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition.
abstract: The serine proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and the serine proteinase inhibitor neuroserpin are both expressed in areas of the brain with the highest vulnerability to hypoxia/ischemia. In vitro studies show that neuroserpin inhibits tPA and, to a lesser extent, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin. Experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increases tPA activity and neuroserpin expression in ischemic tissue, and genetic deficiency of tPA or either treatment with or overexpression of neuroserpin decreases the volume of the ischemic lesion following MCAO. These findings have led to the hypothesis that neuroserpin's neuroprotection is mediated by inhibition of tPA's alleged neurotoxic effect. Ischemic preconditioning is a natural adaptive process whereby exposure to a sublethal insult induces tolerance against a subsequent lethal ischemic injury. Here we demonstrate that exposure to sublethal hypoxia/ischemia increases the neuroserpin expression in the hippocampal CA1 layer and cerebral cortex, and that neuroserpin induces ischemic tolerance and decreases the volume of the ischemic lesion following MCAO in wild-type and tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) neurons and mice. Plasmin induces neuronal death, and this effect is abrogated by either neuroserpin or the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Neuroserpin also attenuated kainic acid-induced neuronal death. Our data indicate that the neuroprotective effect of neuroserpin is due to inhibition of plasmin-mediated excitotoxin-induced cell death and is independent of neuroserpin's ability to inhibit tPA activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michael St, Suite 505J, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jialing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ramiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Echeverry
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yepes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000097522:Neuroserpin
chemical_list: D005341:Fibrinolysin; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D015843:Serpins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D000097522:Neuroserpin