title: The effects of IL-32 on the inflammatory activation of cultured rat primary astrocytes.
abstract: A new family of cytokine IL-32 has been implicated in pro-inflammatory immune responses several human diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and vasculitis. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-32 in the inflammatory activation of cultured rat primary astrocytes. Treatment of IL-32 increased ROS production and augmented lipopolysaccharide-induced increased production of nitric oxide as well as the expression of iNOS. IL-32 also induced the expression of MMP-9 but not MMP-2 in rat primary astrocytes. The increased expression of these inflammatory mediators was accompanied by the increased mRNA expression encoding iNOS, MMP-9 and TNF-α. ERK1/2 and p38, two essential regulators of pro-inflammatory signaling in rat primary astrocytes were activated by IL-32 as evidenced by increased phosphorylation. The results from the present study suggest that IL-32 may play a role in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses in several neurological disease conditions such as ischemia and Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and IBST, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: So Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chan Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C535150:MAPK1 protein, human; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9