title: Note: Unshielded bilateral magnetoencephalography system using two-dimensional gradiometers.
abstract: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) noninvasively measures neuronal activity with high temporal resolution. The aim of this study was to develop a new type of MEG system that can measure bilateral MEG waveforms without a magnetically shielded room, which is an obstacle to reducing both the cost and size of an MEG system. An unshielded bilateral MEG system was developed using four two-dimensional (2D) gradiometers and two symmetric cryostats. The 2D gradiometer, which is based on a low-T(c) superconducting quantum interference device and wire-wound pickup coil detects a magnetic-field gradient in two orthogonal directions, or ∂/∂x(∂(2)B(z)/∂z(2)), and reduces environmental magnetic-field noise by more than 50 dB. The cryostats can be symmetrically positioned in three directions: vertical, horizontal, and rotational. This makes it possible to detect bilateral neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex simultaneously. Bilateral auditory-evoked fields (AEF) of 18 elderly subjects were measured in an unshielded hospital environment using the MEG system. As a result, both the ipsilateral and the contralateral AEF component N100m, which is the magnetic counterpart of electric N100 in electroencephalography and appears about 100 ms after the onset of an auditory stimulus, were successfully detected for all the subjects. Moreover, the ipsilateral P50m and the contralateral P50m were also detected for 12 (67%) and 16 (89%) subjects, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the unshielded bilateral MEG system can detect MEG waveforms, which are associated with brain dysfunction such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kandori
authors.forename: Kuniomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konaka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naritomi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male