title: Resistance exercise but not aerobic exercise lowers remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The comparative effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins including remnant lipoproteins are controversial. This study examined exercise effect on remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol (RLP-C) in type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomized to control (Control), aerobic (Aerobic), resistance (Resistance), or both (Combined) exercise groups. Baseline and 6-month fasting RLP-C and apolipoprotein B48 concentrations were measured. Data analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. At 6 months, RLP-C was lower in all groups; ΔRLP-C mg/dl, (95% confidence interval), Control -3.91, (-6.21 to -1.6), p=0.001; Aerobic -3.89, (-6.41 to -1.36), p=0.003, Resistance -7.52, (-9.89 to -5.15), p=0.0001, Combined -7.50, (-9.87 to -5.13), p=0.0001. Total triglycerides were significantly lower in Resistance and Combined groups only; -17.7mg/dl (-32.8 to -2.7), p=0.02 and -27.5 (-42.5 to -11.5), p=0.001, respectively. Inter-group comparisons showed no difference in RLP-C change between Aerobic and Control and a significant difference in RLP-C change only where groups incorporating resistance exercise were compared with those without. There was no significant difference in RLP-C change between Resistance and Combined. Inter-group comparisons of total triglycerides change were significant only between Combined and Control. Changes in apolipoprotein B48 were not significant in inter-group comparisons. In conclusion, our data indicate that resistance exercise training, not aerobic, lowers RLP-C in type 2 diabetes. This effect was not revealed by changes in total triglycerides and apolipoprotein B48. The discordance between changes in RLP-C and apolipoprotein B48 in response to resistance exercise may indicate (a) a decrease in VLDL remnant and not chylomicron remnant particle number and/or (b) a depletion of cholesterol in chylomicron and/or VLDL remnants.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khandwala
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Teik Chye
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ooi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055070:Resistance Training; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C112017:remnant-like particle cholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol