title: Evaluation of an innovative antimicrobial surgical glove technology to reduce the risk of microbial passage following intraoperative perforation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical gloves provide a protective barrier for patients and members of the surgical team. Although glove integrity is important in an era of blood-borne pathogens, little data exist on bacterial passage after glove perforation. This study evaluated the impact of antimicrobial surgical gloves in reducing microbial passage after glove puncture in a model of wound contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Brevundimonas diminuta (DSM 1639) were used to prepare a standardized suspension for testing bacterial passage after glove puncture in volunteers wearing single-layer gloves (group A), double-layer gloves (group B), or antimicrobial trilayer gloves (group C). After exposure periods of 5, 10, 30 and 45 minutes, the outer test gloves were removed and microbial passage was measured on the inner surface of the base gloves. Multiple repetitions (5 or 6) were performed at each sampling time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microbial passage at 5-, 10-, 30-, and 45-minute exposures were analyzed both separately and combined (5 and 10 minutes and 30 and 45 minutes). No difference was observed in microbial passage between group A and group B at the 10-, 30-, and 45-minute exposures for S aureus, whereas a significant reduction in microbial passage was observed in group C compared with group A (P ≤ .05 to < .005) at the 5-, 30-, and 45-minute exposures for both S aureus and B diminuta. When timed groups were combined (5 and 10 minutes and 30 and 45 minutes), a significant reduction (P ≤ .01 to ≤ .005) in microbial passage of S aureus and B diminuta was observed in group C compared with both group A and group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings represent the first evidence that microbial passage across surgical gloves can be reduced significantly using an innovative antimicrobial glove technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daeschlein
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ladwig
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Seabrook
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Edmiston
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016934:Caulobacter; D005932:Gloves, Surgical / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents