title: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme: implications for understanding glioma ontogeny.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying the origin of gliomas carries important implications for advancing the treatment of these recalcitrant tumors. Recent research promotes the hypothesis of a subventricular zone (SVZ) origin for the stemlike gliomagenic cells identified within human glioma specimens. However, conflicting evidence suggests that SVZ-like cells are not uniquely gliomagenic but this capacity may be shared by cycling progenitors distributed throughout the subcortical white matter (SCWM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review radiological evidence in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients to provide insight into the question of glioma ontogeny.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explored whether GBMs at first diagnosis demonstrated a pattern of anatomic distribution consistent with origin at the SVZ through retrospective analysis of preoperative contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in 63 patients. We then examined the relationship of tumor volume, point of origin, and proximity to the ventricles using a computer model of glioma growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fewer than half of the GBMs analyzed had contrast-enhancing portions that contacted the ventricle on preoperative imaging. A strong correlation was found between tumor volume and the distance between the contrast-enhancing edge of the tumor and the ventricle, demonstrating that tumors abutting the ventricle are significantly larger than those that do not. The lesions simulated by the computer model validated our assumption that tumors that are radiographically distant from the ventricles are unlikely to have originated in the SVZ and supported our hypothesis that as they grow, the edges of all tumors will near the ventricles, regardless of their point of origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work offers further support for the hypothesis that the origins of GBMs are at sites distributed throughout the white matter and are not limited to the region of the SVZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Leif-Erik
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bohman
authors.forename: Kristin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Russ
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rockne
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandigo
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Assanah
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canoll
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bruce
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment