title: Breaking of symmetry in microfluidic propulsion driven by artificial cilia.
abstract: In this Brief Report we investigate biomimetic fluid propulsion due to an array of periodically beating artificial cilia. A generic model system is defined in which the effects of inertial fluid forces and the spatial, temporal, and orientational asymmetries of the ciliary motion can be individually controlled. We demonstrate that the so-far unexplored orientational asymmetry plays an important role in generating flow and that the flow increases sharply with Reynolds number and eventually becomes unidirectional. We introduce the concept of configurational symmetry that unifies the spatial, temporal, and orientational symmetries. The breaking of configurational symmetry leads to fluid propulsion in microfluidic channels.
authors.affiliation: Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khaderi
authors.forename: M G H M
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Baltussen
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: den Toonder
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Onck
mesh_terms: D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D044085:Microfluidics; D008954:Models, Biological