title: Factors of risk and maintenance for eating disorders: psychometric exploration of the cross-cultural questionnaire (CCQ) across five European countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the psychometric properties of the Cross-Cultural Questionnaire (CCQ), a new self-report tool for assessing factors of risk and maintenance for eating disorders (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected during a multi-centre case-control study. The sample included 854 ED patients and 784 healthy participants from the UK, Spain, Austria, Slovenia and Italy. Exploratory factor analyses examined the factor structure of each section of the CCQ, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients valued the internal consistency of each derived scale score. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve procedure assessed the screening accuracy and predictive validity of the empirical factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on a total of 127 items, nine dimensions emerged, with satisfactory internal consistency and high congruence between countries. CCQ scores demonstrated satisfactory accuracy for discriminating between ED cases and controls (area under the ROC curve = 0.88). Most of the items achieved discriminative accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study offers preliminary evidence that the CCQ, available in five languages, is a useful and valid tool to assess factors of risk and maintenance for EDs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori d'Estadística Aplicada, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Penelo
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Treasure
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karwautz
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anderluh
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellodi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: di Bernardo
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nacmias
authors.forename: Valdo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ricca
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorbi
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tchanturia
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonillo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001828:Body Image; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D017524:Slovenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult