title: Investigation of allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and VKORC1 in Iran.
abstract: Research has shown that there are significant ethnic variations in the frequency of highly functional mutations in genes coding for metabolic enzymes. However, few studies have examined the frequency distribution of major allelic variations within the population of Iran. The present study focused on the genotype profile of southern Iranians in order to compare the allelic frequencies of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and VKORC1 -1639G>A (all of which have been shown to have significant roles in the metabolism of warfarin) with those of other populations. Therefore, genotyping was carried out on 150 subjects (50 healthy volunteers and 100 outpatient subjects) by polymerase chain reaction- restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Findings indicated both similarities and differences in the distribution of polymorphic alleles of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and VKORC1 between southern and northern Iranians. For example, the frequency of CYP2C9*3 among southern Iranians (9.8%) was found to be similar to the frequency found among Caucasians (in this case, Italians) (9.7%) but was higher than the frequency found among Africans (1%), Japanese (2.3%), and northern Iranians (0%). These findings confirmed significant inter-ethnic differences in CYP2C9 frequencies between southern and northern Iranians The reported frequency of CYP2C9*2 in our subjects (25.3%) was different from the frequencies seen in Caucasian (10-13%), African (2%) and Asian (0%) populations. The CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 allelic frequencies were similar to the Caucasian population. For VKORC1, the allelic frequency of -1639A (55.6%) was in accordance with Caucasian, but different from Chinese (96%) and African-American populations (13%). The findings confirmed some important interethnic differences in the metabolic capacity for drug clearance. Because the population of Iran consists of several ethnicities, this type of analysis can help explain the genetic diversity between the populations of northern and southern Iran. In addition, the results of this study will be useful for understanding clinical pharmacokinetics and drug dosage recommendations for Iranians.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand St., 0098, Shiraz, Iran. negarazarpira@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.forename: Soha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namazi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hendijani
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banan
authors.forename: Masumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; C578523:VKORC1 protein, human; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases