title: Mek1 kinase governs outcomes of meiotic recombination and the checkpoint response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Homologous recombination promotes proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate recombination and are repaired preferentially using the homolog rather than the sister chromatid template. In yeast, activation of Mek1 kinase upholds this bias. Mek1 is also a proposed effector kinase in the recombination checkpoint that responds to aberrant DNA and/or axis structures. Elucidating a role for Mek1 in this checkpoint has been difficult, because a mek1 null mutation causes rapid repair of DSBs using a sister chromatid, thus bypassing formation of checkpoint-activating lesions. Here we analyzed a MEK1 gain-of-function allele to test if it would enhance interhomolog bias and/or the checkpoint response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When Mek1 activation was artificially maintained through glutathione S-transferase-mediated dimerization, there was an enhanced skew toward interhomolog recombination and reduction of intersister events, including multichromatid joint molecules. Increased interhomolog events were specifically repaired as noncrossovers rather than as crossovers. Ectopic Mek1 dimerization was also sufficient to impose interhomolog bias in the absence of recombination checkpoint functions, thereby uncoupling these two processes. Finally, the stringency of the checkpoint response was enhanced in mutants with weak recombination defects by blocking prophase exit in a subset of cells in which arrest is not absolute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that Mek1 plays dual roles during meiotic prophase I by phosphorylating targets directly involved in the recombination checkpoint, as well as targets involved in sister chromatid recombination. We discuss how regulation of pachytene exit by Mek1 or similar kinases could influence checkpoint stringency, which may differ among species and between sexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hsuan-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002453:Cell Cycle; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair; D018816:Genes, cdc; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D049469:Meiotic Prophase I / Q000502:physiology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1