title: Coping with stress in surgery: the difficulty of measuring non-technical skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-technical skills are relevant to surgical performance but are difficult to quantify. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, which is a measure of stress-coping ability, and surgical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixteen basic surgical trainees were assessed on their performance of three bench model-type open and laparoscopic surgical tasks. They also completed a 10-item General Self-Efficacy (GSE) questionnaire to assess their stress-coping abilities. Their assessment scores were correlated with the GSE scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean GSE score of 31.39 was higher than the recorded population norms. There was no significant correlation between GSE and surgical performance for open or laparoscopic tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Junior surgical trainees have high self-belief scores, but these abilities are difficult to measure and quantify. More refined methods may be necessary to measure non-technical skills relevant to surgery.
authors.affiliation: National Surgical Training Centre, Colles Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI House, 121 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. emboyle@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Traynor
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult