title: Effects of neurosteroid actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate and GABA A receptors in the midbrain ventral tegmental area for anxiety-like and mating behavior of female rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), actions of neurosteroids, such as the progesterone metabolite, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), can facilitate mating and influence stress-related processes. Some actions of 3α,5α-THP may occur via positive modulation of GABA(A) receptors (GBRs), or negative modulation of N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptors (NMDARs), to influence anxiety-like behavior; but this is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess the role that neurosteroids and stress factors play on intra-VTA NMDAR- and/or GBR-mediated anxiety-like and mating behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estradiol-primed, ovariectomized rats, which were partially or completely adrenalectomized (ADX), received infusions of vehicle, an NMDAR blocker (MK-801; 200 ng), or a GBR antagonist (bicuculline, 100 ng) to the VTA. Rats then received intra-VTA vehicle or a neurosteroidogenesis enhancer (N,N-Dihexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide, FGIN 1-27, 5 μg) and anxiety-like and sexual behavior was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete, compared to partial, ADX significantly reduced open arm exploration on an elevated plus maze, the proportion of females that engaged in mating, lordosis quotients, pacing of sexual contacts, and defensive aggression towards a sexually vigorous male. Intra-VTA MK-801 enhanced open arm investigation and the proportion of females that engaged in mating. Infusions of either, MK-801 or FGIN 1-27, enhanced lordosis and, when co-administered, FGIN 1-27 attenuated MK-801's lordosis-enhancing effects. Intra-VTA infusions of bicuculline, prior to FGIN 1-27, blocked FGIN 1-27's effects to enhance lordosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these data suggest that reduced NMDAR activity in the VTA may influence motivation to explore and engage in sexual behavior. These data suggest that neurosteroid actions at NMDARs and GBRs in the VTA are important for exploration and/or sexual behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA. cafrye@albany.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Paris
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008845:Microinjections; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000502:physiology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C081306:N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D001640:Bicuculline