Serglycin-independent release of active mast cell proteases in response to Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Earlier studies identified serglycin proteoglycan and its heparin chains to be important for storage and activity of mast cell proteases. However, the importance of serglycin for secretion and activity of mast cell proteases in response to parasite infection has been poorly investigated. To address this issue, we studied the effects on mast cell proteases in serglycin-deficient and wild type mice after peritoneal infection with the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In line with previous results, we found severely reduced levels of cell-bound mast cell proteases in both noninfected and infected serglycin-deficient mice. However, serglycin-deficient mice secreted mast cell proteases at wild type levels at the site of infection, and enzymatic activities associated with mast cell proteases were equally up-regulated in wild type and serglycin-deficient mice 48 h after infection. In both wild type and serglycin-deficient mice, parasite infection resulted in highly increased extracellular levels of glycosaminoglycans, including hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate A, suggesting a role of these substances in the general defense mechanism. In contrast, heparan sulfate/heparin was almost undetectable in serglycin-deficient mice, and in wild type mice, it was mainly confined to the cellular fraction and was not increased upon infection. Furthermore, the heparan sulfate/heparin population was less sulfated in serglycin-deficient than in wild type mice indicative for the absence of heparin, which supports that heparin production is dependent on the serglycin core protein. Together, our results suggest that serglycin proteoglycan is dispensable for normal secretion and activity of mast cell proteases in response to peritoneal infection with T. gondii.
Sawesi
Osama
O
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
Spillmann
Dorothe
D
Lundén
Anna
A
Wernersson
Sara
S
Åbrink
Magnus
M
D000818:Animals; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D006493:Heparin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D006493:Heparin; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D011509:Proteoglycans; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C075430:serglycin