title: [Resistence of Escherichia coli, the most frequent cause of urinary tract infection in children, to antibiotics].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infections (UTI) take the second place in the incidence of bacterial infection in children. Escherichia coli is a cause of infection in 85-90%. A periodic evaluation of the resistance to antimicrobial drugs has to be performed in each geographic region, since investigations confirmed that the resistance of bacteria causing UTI has been in progress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective investigation has been performed, comprising the two time periods in the range of 10 years in order to identify the prevalence and resistance of the bacteria causing UTI in the patients treated at the Department of Nephrology of Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first investigated period from January 1996 up to December 1997, there were 163 urin analyses performed vs 134 urine analyses in the second period, starting from January 2006 to December 2007. In both periods, Escherichia coli, was the most frequent cause of UTI (82.1% in 1996/97 vs 86.50% in 2006/07). During this ten-year period, the resistance of Escherichia coli increased both to ampicillin (from 53% to 69% (p > 0.05) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (34% vs 55%; p < 0.05) as well as to cephalexin (4% vs 36%, p < 0.05) which has been lately used in our region as a drug of choice in empiric therapy of the suspect UTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There have been records on a slow increase of the Escherichia coli resistance to ceftazidim, gentamycin and nalidixic acid, but significant increase to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and cephalexin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the initial therapy of UTI in the Province of Vojvodina we recommend: perorally--ephalosporins I, II and III generation, and in case when the child is not capable to get therapy perorally, or in the case of highly febrile infant--ephalosporins III generation parenterally.
authors.affiliation: Klinika za pedijatriju, Institut za zdravstvenu zastitu dece i omladine Vojvodine, Novi Sad. vesnasto@eunet.yu
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stojanović
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milosević
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*