title: A microscope configuration for nanometer 3-D movement monitoring accuracy.
abstract: In this paper we present a new microscopy configuration based upon temporal tracking of a secondary reflected speckle by imaging the speckle through properly defocused optics. The configuration is used to monitor three-dimensional (3-D) spontaneous contraction of rat cardiac muscle cells while achieving nanometer tracking accuracy at a rate of 30 frames per second (fps) without using interferometric recording. Estimation of the change in the optical path of accuracy of 50 nm in the transverse direction and of 200 nm in the axial direction was achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Yevgeny
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beiderman
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Avigail D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Amsel
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaniv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tzadka
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fixler
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Óptica, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mico
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Óptica, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teicher
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zalevsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats