title: The roles of anxiety and depression in connecting tic severity and functional impairment.
abstract: The current study examined relationships between tic severity and both functional impairment and perceived quality of life (QOL) in adults with a chronic tic disorder. The authors explored whether these relationships were moderated by anxiety and depressive symptoms. Five-hundred adults with Tourette's Disorder, Chronic Motor Tic Disorder, or Chronic Vocal Tic Disorder participated in a comprehensive self-report internet-based survey. Anxiety and depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between tic severity and functional impairment such that stronger relationships were documented in participants with elevated depressive or anxious symptoms. Limitations and implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States. alewin@health.usf.edu
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conelea
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zinner
authors.forename: Cathy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Budman
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.forename: Scott N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Walkup
authors.forename: Tanya K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*