title: Non-catheter simple noninvasive bladder draining method with no costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simple, rapid (8 min) non-invasive non-catheter method for draining urine from the bladder, with no introduction of infection. This is of interest to men with incomplete or no bladder emptying, and also to those with a large diverticulum. There are no running costs. It could also be cautiously explored for use by neo-bladder patients and for use in various conditions of poor detrusor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  This method is based on postural drainage used in physiotherapy. A carefully graded application of pressure, kneeling, with torso horizontal, facing downwards, supported by a 12-inch square stool-top, gave passive low-pressure voiding. If the abdominal contents approximate to a non-elastic viscous fluid, such pressure is transmitted uniformly everywhere (isostatic) and so will be equal both outside and inside the bladder, and, both outside and inside the ureters connected to it. Even if this assumption is not made, calculations show that the pressure is normally less than would cause upper tract damage. Starting with a low force was important for avoiding any upper tract damage (ureter dilation, and possible refluxing back into the kidney). Initially, a partial pre-emptying by normal urination was done (if feasible). A final stage employed a simple plastic crescent shape. Website:www.ebbflow.org.uk/Page_12x.htm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average residual bladder volumes were 43 mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method was tested for four years on one patient with low-pressure chronic retention and found successful: no complications, infections, or adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Materials Department, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hocking