title: Protection against head injuries should not be optional: a case for mandatory installation of side-curtain air bags.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 9,000 vehicle occupants die each year in side-impact vehicle collisions, primarily from head injuries. The authors hypothesized that side-curtain air bags significantly improve head and neck safety in side-impact crash testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Side-impact crash-test data were obtained from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, which ranks occupant protection as good, acceptable, marginal, or poor. Vehicles of the same make and model that underwent side-impact crash testing both with and without side-curtain air bags were compared, as well as the protective effect of these air bags on occupants' risk for head and neck injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all the passenger vehicles, 25 models have undergone side-impact crash testing with and without side-curtain air bags by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Only 3 models without side-curtain air bags (12%) provided good head and neck protection for drivers, while 21 cars with side-curtain air bags (84%) provided good protection (P < .001). For rear passengers, the added protection from side-curtain air bags was less dramatic but significant (84% without vs 100% with side-curtain air bags, P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Side-curtain air bags significantly improve vehicle occupant safety in side-impact crash tests. Installation of these air bags should be federally mandated in all passenger vehicles.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lance E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Stuke
authors.forename: Raminder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nirula
authors.forename: Larry M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gentilello
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafi
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D017278:Air Bags / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D002648:Child; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D017751:Safety Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology