title: A phase II study of gemcitabine in combination with radiation therapy in patients with localized, unresectable, pancreatic cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A Phase II study was conducted at Indiana University to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined weekly Gemcitabine (GEM) with external beam radiotherapy (RT) in unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients had biopsy-proven LAPC without evidence of metastatic disease. In part A of the treatment plan, patients received GEM 600 mg/m(2) IV weekly, with concurrent RT (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, 1.8 Gy/d, 5 days per week). Part B of the treatment plan began approximately 4 weeks after completing part A: patients without disease progression received weekly GEM 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle for 6 cycles or until disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 2001 to June 2003, of 28 patients evaluated, 24 (86%) completed part A. About 22 patients had grade 3 toxicities, primarily hematologic (43%) and gastrointestinal (36%). Three patients (11%) had grade 4 toxicities (one each for hyperbilirubinemia, infection, and dyspnea). The median follow-up was 10 months (1-63 months) for all enrolled patients. Six patients (21%) had a radiologic partial response, 16 (57%) had stable disease, 5 (18%) had progressive disease, and 1 patient (4%) had an unevaluable response at last follow-up. Four patients (14%) underwent surgical resection (2 with R0 resection). Median time to progression was 6 months (0-36 months). Median survival time was 10.3 months (95% confidence interval, 7.9-14.6 months). The 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rates were 30% and 11%. At last analysis, all but 2 patients died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activity and toxicity profile of combination GEM and RT indicates that this can be safely administered for patients with LAPC.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA. hcardene@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Higinia R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cardenes
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Menggang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helft
authors.forename: Elena G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Chiorean
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: D Fritz
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Loehrer
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine