title: Comparative epigenomic analysis of murine and human adipogenesis.
abstract: We report the generation and comparative analysis of genome-wide chromatin state maps, PPARγ and CTCF localization maps, and gene expression profiles from murine and human models of adipogenesis. The data provide high-resolution views of chromatin remodeling during cellular differentiation and allow identification of thousands of putative preadipocyte- and adipocyte-specific cis-regulatory elements based on dynamic chromatin signatures. We find that the specific locations of most such elements differ between the two models, including at orthologous loci with similar expression patterns. Based on sequence analysis and reporter assays, we show that these differences are determined, in part, by evolutionary turnover of transcription factor motifs in the genome sequences and that this turnover may be facilitated by the presence of multiple distal regulatory elements at adipogenesis-dependent loci. We also utilize the close relationship between open chromatin marks and transcription factor motifs to identify and validate PLZF and SRF as regulators of adipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Tarjei S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gimble
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lander
authors.forename: Evan D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D026362:Serum Response Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018955:CD36 Antigens; C000619697:CTCF protein, human; C000619698:Ctcf protein, mouse; D006657:Histones; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors