title: Application of head-up tilt table testing in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the application of head-up tilt table testing (HUT) and management of neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) in children, as pediatric studies are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine patients (ages 6-18 years) underwent HUT for evaluation of syncope. Patient triggers and premonitory symptoms allowed the clinical diagnosis of NCS or non-NCS. Results were divided into four hemodynamic types (1, 2A, 2B, and 3) according to patient response to HUT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NCS occurred in 65 patients and non-NCS in 14 patients. Isoproterenol infusion significantly increased the sensitivity of the test (from 28% to 45%) and was associated with a slight decrease in the specificity (from 93% to 86%). Subjects in the type 1 group accounted for the majority of responses to the test (69%). There were no complications associated with the test. At follow-up (16.6 ± 9.3 months), the overall recurrence rate was 30.8% but NCS was less severe in most patients. The recurrence rate was similar for patients with a positive or negative HUT and for both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HUT can be safely performed with a high specificity in children, with the sensitivity of HUT improved by isoproterenol. Therefore, a positive response to treatment is reassuring to the physician and family. NCS is generally a self-limited condition despite a high recurrence rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ming-Ren
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shan-Miao
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Haw-Kwei
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018667:Tilt-Table Test / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007545:Isoproterenol