Effects of selected food phytochemicals in reducing the toxic actions of TCDD and p,p'-DDT in U937 macrophages.
To assess the effectiveness of selected food phytochemicals in reducing the toxic effects of the environmental toxicants, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and p,p'-DDT (DDT), we tested the potencies of auraptene, nobiletin, zerumbone, and (±)-13-hydroxy-10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (13-HOA) in reversing the inflammatory action of these toxicants in U937 human macrophages. Using quantitative RT-PCR as the initial screening assay, we identified antagonistic actions of zerumbone and auraptene against the action of TCDD and DDT in up-regulating the mRNA expressions of COX-2 and VEGF. The functional significance of the inhibitory action of zerumbone on COX-2 expression was confirmed by demonstrating its suppression of TCDD-induced activation of COX-2 gene expression in mouse MMDD1 cells. We tested auraptene on DDT-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in U937 macrophages and found that auraptene is a powerful agent antagonizing this action of DDT. To confirm the significance of these actions of zerumbone and auraptene at the cellular level, we assessed their influence on TCDD-induced apoptosis resistance in intact U937 macrophages and found that they are capable of reversing this action of TCDD. In conclusion, zerumbone and auraptene were identified to be the most effective agents in protecting U937 macrophages from developing these cell toxic effects of TCDD and DDT.
Sciullo
Eric M
EM
Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 3792 Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Vogel
Christoph F
CF
Wu
Dalei
D
Murakami
Akira
A
Ohigashi
Hajime
H
Matsumura
Fumio
F
D000818:Animals; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003634:DDT / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020298:U937 Cells; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
C115508:13-hydroxy-10-oxooctadecenoic acid; D003374:Coumarins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D047309:Flavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013229:Stearic Acids; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C403304:zerumbone; D003634:DDT; C008661:nobiletin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; C105832:aurapten