title: Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory and delayed myocardial protective effects after regional ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethyl pyruvate has anti-inflammatory properties and protects organs from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether ethyl pyruvate decreases the inflammatory response after regional I/R injury and whether ethyl pyruvate protects against delayed regional I/R injury in an in vivo rat heart model after a 24 hours reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomized to receive lactated Ringer's solution or ethyl pyruvate dissolved in Ringer's solution, which was given by intraperitoneal injection 1 hour prior to ischemia. Rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion of the left coronary artery territory. After a 2 hours reperfusion, nuclear factor κB, myocardial myeloperoxidase activity, and inflammatory cytokine levels were determined. After the 24 hours reperfusion, the hemodynamic function and myocardial infarct size were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 hours after I/R injury, ethyl pyruvate attenuated I/R-induced nuclear factor κB translocation and reduced myeloperoxidase activity in myocardium. The plasma circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly in the ethyl pyruvate-treated group. At 24 hours after I/R injury, ethyl pyruvate significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size after regional I/R injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethyl pyruvate has the ability to inhibit neutrophil activation, inflammatory cytokine release, and nuclear factor κB translocation. Ethyl pyruvate is associated with a delayed myocardial protective effect after regional I/R injury in an in vivo rat heart model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic, Gyeongsang National University, 92 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-751, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Il-Woo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ju-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Heon-Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011773:Pyruvates; C046522:ethyl pyruvate; D009195:Peroxidase