title: Staffing levels in rural nursing homes: a mixed methods approach.
abstract: This mixed methods study used multiple regression analyses to examine the impact of organizational and market characteristics on staffing hours and staffing mix, and qualitative interview to explore the challenges and facilitators of recruiting and retaining qualified staff. Rural nursing homes (NHs) certified by Medicare or Medicaid (N = 161) were sampled from the Online Survey Certification and Reporting system. A subsample (n = 23) was selected purposively for the qualitative analysis. Smaller NHs or government-affiliated homes had more total nursing hours per resident day and more hours of care by certified nursing assistants and RNs than larger and nongovernment-affiliated homes; however, almost 87% of NHs in this study were below the national recommendation for RN hours. Informants voiced challenges related to enough staff, qualified staff, and training staff. Development of nursing resources is critical, especially in rural locales where aging resources may not be well developed.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah College of Nursing, 10 South, 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. gail.towsley@nurs.utah.edu
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Towsley
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Ginette A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pepper
mesh_terms: D002568:Certification; D008484:Medicaid; D006278:Medicare; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012044:Regression Analysis; D019035:Rural Health Services; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce