title: Reoperative valve surgery in the elderly: predictors of risk and long-term survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elderly patients requiring reoperative cardiac surgery for valve disease are considered high risk for immediate outcomes, but little is known about their long-term survival. It is often conjectured that medical therapy provides equivalent late survival in this population, which may dissuade both patient and surgeon from considering reoperation. We analyzed a cohort of such patients undergoing reoperative valve surgery to determine their long-term survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1992 through 2007, 363 patients aged 75 years or more underwent reoperative isolated valve surgery; 211 (58%) had aortic valve replacement and 152 (42%) had mitral valve surgery. Mean age was 80.5 years. Hospital outcomes were prospectively recorded. Survival from all-cause death was determined from the Social Security Death Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital mortality was 13.8% (12.8% for aortic and 15.1% for mitral valve operations; p = 0.52). Multivariable predictors of hospital death were New York Heart Association functional class III or IV heart failure (odds ratio = 3.19, p = 0.012), dialysis (odds ratio = 15.63, p = 0.003), and more than one reoperation (odds ratio = 2.59, p = 0.058). At 5 years, overall survival was 62% ± 3% for all patients (66% ± 4% for aortic and 56% ± 4% for mitral valve patients). For aortic valve patients aged 80 years or more, 5-year survival was 60% ± 0.6%. Life expectancy table analysis predicted a 5-year survival of 57% for an age-matched and sex-matched comparison group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reoperative surgery for elderly patients with isolated aortic or mitral valve pathology is associated with excellent long-term survival, particularly when treating aortic valve disease. While in-hospital mortality is higher among the elderly than among younger patients, specific predictors of poor outcome can be identified preoperatively to risk stratify these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10028, USA. leora.balsam@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Leora B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Balsam
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Greenhouse
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ursomanno
authors.forename: Abelardo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deanda
authors.forename: Greg H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ribakove
authors.forename: Alfred T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Culliford
authors.forename: Aubrey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012086:Reoperation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome