title: The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST): stenting versus carotid endarterectomy for carotid disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid artery stenosis causes up to 10% of all ischemic strokes. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was introduced as a treatment to prevent stroke in the early 1950s. Carotid stenting (CAS) was introduced as a treatment to prevent stroke in 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) is a randomized trial with blinded end point adjudication. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were randomized to CAS or CEA. The primary end point was the composite of any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death during the periprocedural period and ipsilateral stroke thereafter, up to 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the rates of the primary end point between CAS and CEA (7.2% versus 6.8%; hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.51; P=0.51). Symptomatic status and sex did not modify the treatment effect, but an interaction with age and treatment was detected (P=0.02). Outcomes were slightly better after CAS for patients aged <70 years and better after CEA for patients aged >70 years. The periprocedural end point did not differ for CAS and CEA, but there were differences in the components, CAS versus CEA (stroke 4.1% versus 2.3%, P=0.012; and myocardial infarction 1.1% versus 2.3%, P=0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CREST, CAS and CEA had similar short- and longer-term outcomes. During the periprocedural period, there was higher risk of stroke with CAS and higher risk of myocardial infarction with CEA. Clinical Trial Registration-www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00004732.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Griffin 3rd Floor, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224. brott.thomas@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Vito A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Mantese
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Timaran
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Begg
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Brott
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome