title: The importance of γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity: a potential marker of Left Ventricular (LV) diastolic function in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in diabetic individuals with or without previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 205 diabetic patients were included in the study. Patients who had cardiovascular disease constituted the study group (CD group; n = 112) and patients who had no complications constituted the control group (ND group; n = 93). Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging and was determined by ratio E wave/A wave.
  
  
  METHODS
  GGT levels were higher in CD Group than ND Group (25.9 ± 2.1 vs. 20.1 ± 1.5 units/L, p = 0.023). Significant difference between mean diastolic function parameters, such as E wave/A wave (0.86 ± 0.27 vs. 1.01 ± 0.36, p = 0.015), of the diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease was present. In this study, E wave/A wave correlated with age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Negative correlations were also found between LV diastolic function and GGT (β = -0.009, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data showed that in type 2 diabetic patients, with evident cardiac disease, metabolic parameters affect diastolic functions more than systolic functions. Besides known cardiovascular disease risk factors, GGT might be an additional marker of diastolic dysfunction in diabetes patients with cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. zhangxl1@trhos.com
authors.forename: Xue-Lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Qiang
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Han-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Su-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Rong-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jin-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase