title: Reorganization of functional and effective connectivity during real-time fMRI-BCI modulation of prosody processing.
abstract: Mechanisms of cortical reorganization underlying the enhancement of speech processing have been poorly investigated. In the present study, we addressed changes in functional and effective connectivity induced in subjects who learned to deliberately increase activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), and improved their ability to identify emotional intonations by using a real-time fMRI Brain-Computer Interface. At the beginning of their training process, we observed a massive connectivity of the rIFG to a widespread network of frontal and temporal areas, which decreased and lateralized to the right hemisphere with practice. Volitional control of activation strengthened connectivity of this brain region to the right prefrontal cortex, whereas training increased its connectivity to bilateral precentral gyri. These findings suggest that changes of connectivity in a functionally specific manner play an important role in the enhancement of speech processing. Also, these findings support previous accounts suggesting that motor circuits play a role in the comprehension of speech.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnologies, Infectivology and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. g.rota@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Handjaras
authors.forename: Ranganatha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sitaram
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birbaumer
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dogil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface