title: Proton beam therapy of Stage II and III non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present retrospective study assessed the role of proton beam therapy (PBT) in the treatment of patients with Stage II or III non-small-cell lung cancer who were inoperable or ineligible for chemotherapy because of co-existing disease or refusal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 2001 and July 2008, PBT was given to 35 patients (5 patients with Stage II, 12 with Stage IIIA, and 18 with Stage IIIB) whose median age was 70.3 years (range, 47.4-85.4). The median proton dose given was 78.3 Gy (range, 67.1-91.3) (relative biologic effectiveness).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local progression-free survival for Stage II-III patients was 93.3% at 1 year and 65.9% at 2 years during a median observation period of 16.9 months. Four patients (11.4%) developed local recurrence, 13 (37.1%) developed regional recurrence, and 7 (20.0%) developed distant metastases. The progression-free survival rate for Stage II-III patients was 59.6% at 1 year and 29.2% at 2 years. The overall survival rate of Stage II-III patients was 81.8% at 1 year and 58.9% at 2 years. Grade 3 or greater toxicity was not observed. A total of 15 patients (42.9%) developed Grade 1 and 6 (17.1%) Grade 2 toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBT for Stage II-III non-small-cell lung cancer without chemotherapy resulted in good local control and low toxicity. PBT has a definite role in the treatment of patients with Stage II-III non-small-cell lung cancer who are unsuitable for surgery or chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. hnakayam@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurishima
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Shigemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuuye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061766:Proton Therapy; D011522:Protons / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D011522:Protons