title: Identification of problems in functioning of people with sleep disorders in a clinical setting using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) Checklist.
abstract: We conducted an explorative, cross-sectional, multi-centre study in order to identify the most common problems of people with any kind of (primary) sleep disorder in a clinical setting using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a frame of reference. Data were collected from patients using a structured face-to-face interview of 45-60 min duration. A case record form for health professionals containing the extended ICF Checklist, sociodemographic variables and disease-specific variables was used. The study centres collected data of 99 individuals with sleep disorders. The identified categories include 48 (32%) for body functions, 13 (9%) body structures, 55 (37%) activities and participation and 32 (22%) for environmental factors. 'Sleep functions' (100%) and 'energy and drive functions', respectively, (85%) were the most severely impaired second-level categories of body functions followed by 'attention functions' (78%) and 'temperament and personality functions' (77%). With regard to the component activities and participation, patients felt most restricted in the categories of 'watching' (e.g. TV) (82%), 'recreation and leisure' (75%) and 'carrying out daily routine' (74%). Within the component environmental factors the categories 'support of immediate family', 'health services, systems and policies' and 'products or substances for personal consumption [medication]' were the most important facilitators; 'time-related changes', 'light' and 'climate' were the most important barriers. The study identified a large variety of functional problems reflecting the complexity of sleep disorders. The ICF has the potential to provide a comprehensive framework for the description of functional health in individuals with sleep disorders in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: ICF Research Branch of the WHO Collaborating Center for the Family of International Classifications in German at Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute, Nottwil, Switzerland. felix.gradinger@paranet.ch
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gradinger
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glässel
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gugger
authors.forename: Alarcos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cieza
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khatami
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D057189:Checklist; D021081:Chronobiology Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*