title: Risk factors and prevention of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after a coronary artery bypass grafting operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a serious complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the risk factors and prevention of upper GI bleeding after CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study followed 6316 coronary patients who underwent CABG from 1998 to 2005. The perioperative parameters were recorded. Data from patients who experienced major gastrointestinal complications were analyzed retrospectively by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of upper GI bleeding was 0.3%. The overall mortality for patients complicated by upper GI bleeding was 47.6%. The risk factors for upper GI bleeding were age (odds ratio [OR] = 3.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73-5.87, P < 0.01), extracorporeal circulation time (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.11-1.52, P < 0.01) and the prophylactic use of omeprazole (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.04-0.89, P < 0.05). The long-term mortality was significantly different between the upper GI bleeding group and the controls (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced age and extracorporeal circulation time were risk factors for upper GI bleeding after CABG, and the prophylactic use of omeprazole decreased the rate of upper GI bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Center for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shengshou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009853:Omeprazole