title: Influence of decontamination procedures on shear forces after contamination with blood or saliva.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite rapid development in adhesive technology, contamination of bonding surfaces remains a major problem. The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of contamination on bond strength and to investigate possible decontamination procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four bonding systems were evaluated for their shear bond strengths under 5 bonding situations: control (without contamination and decontamination); contamination with blood; contamination with saliva; decontamination with water and air, and repriming after blood contamination; and decontamination with water and air, and repriming after saliva contamination. The 25 specimens of each group consisted of composite blocks bonded to bovine teeth. Shear forces were measured with a testing machine after thermocycling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 composite primers showed similar behavior. With the exception of Transbond SEP (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) with saliva contamination, all contaminated samples showed greatly reduced shear forces. The control and decontaminated groups showed shear forces about 20 MPa. The resin-modified glass ionomer, however, did not reach clinically sufficient bond strengths in either setup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decontamination with water and air and repriming is sufficient after contamination with blood or saliva. Etching again is not necessary. The bond strength of Transbond SEP was not significantly altered by saliva contamination and can be recommended for conventional bonding procedures.
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Clinic of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: lorenz.brauchli@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brauchli
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate student, Clinic of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichenberger
authors.affiliation: Engineer, Clinic of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steineck
authors.affiliation: Professor and dean, Clinic of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wichelhaus
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D002417:Cattle; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D012463:Saliva; D033081:Shear Strength; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements