title: Relationship between fatty liver and glucose metabolism: a cross-sectional study in 571 obese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be an independent risk factor for T2DM. We investigated the relationship between NAFLD and glucose metabolism in a large sample of obese children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 571 obese children (57% males and 43% females) aged 8-18 years were consecutively studied at a tertiary care centre specialised in paediatric obesity. Liver ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD after exclusion of hepatitis B and C and alcohol consumption. Oral-glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed; insulin sensitivity was evaluated by using the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and beta-cell function by using the ratio between the incremental areas under the curve (AUC) of insulin and glucose (incAUCins/incAUCglu). A total of 41% of the obese children had NAFLD. Impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM was present in 25% of the children with NAFLD versus 8% of those without it (p<0.001). Children with NAFLD had higher body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, 120-min OGTT glucose, incAUCins/incAUCglu and lower ISI as compared with children without NAFLD (p≤0.002). At bootstrapped multivariable median regression analysis controlling for gender, age, pubertal status and BMI, NAFLD was an independent predictor of 120-min OGTT glucose and ISI, but not of incAUCins/incAUCglu. Similar findings were obtained using continuous liver steatosis as the predictor, instead of dichotomous NAFLD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAFLD was present in 41% of our obese children and was associated with higher insulin resistance, but not with impaired beta-cell function.
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi Fegato, Basovizza e Dipartimento ACADEM, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bedogni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gastaldelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Col
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agosti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiribelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartorio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin