title: Helicobacter pylori and its role in vocal folds' minimal lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic laryngitis and/or vocal fold minimal lesions (VFMLs) are common associations with gastro esophageal reflux disease. Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a Gram-negative spiral organism accused of being a common cause of gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer. HP has been recently isolated from tonsils, adenoids, sinus and middle ear mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis or chronic middle ear effusion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to assess the presence of HP in VFMLs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 14 patients with VFMLs [six cases with vocal fold polyps and four cases with vocal fold nodules, and four cases with posterior granulomas; one of them associated with right vocal fold (VF) nodule]; all underwent carbon-13 urea breath test, esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy with gastric biopsy and direct laryngoscopy with microlaryngosurgery to extract the VF lesions. Biopsies were subjected for two tests: detection of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene of HP by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical reactions (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HP was detected by RT-PCR in 10 of 14 patients with VFML; HP was also detected by IHC in the same number of VFML and gastric mucosa specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HP is a common finding in cases of VFML; its eradication should be considered when dealing with a patient with VFML.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. medhatiba2008@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Medhat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiba
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fawaz
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D006099:Granuloma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial