title: Misreporting of dietary energy intake in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of under and overreporting of energy intake in adolescents and their associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study with 96 postpubertal adolescents (47 normal-weight and 49 obese), mean age of 16.6±1.3 years. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 3-day dietary record. Biochemical assessment was performed (serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, plasma glucose, and insulin). Underreporters reported energy intake < 1.35 x basal metabolic rate (BMR), whereas overreporters reported energy intake > 2.4 x BMR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Energy intake misreporting (under or overreporting) was identified in 65.6% of adolescents (64.6 and 1% of under and overreporting, respectively). Obese adolescents were 5.0 times more likely to underreport energy intake (95%CI 2.0-12.7) than normal-weight participants. Underreporters showed higher rates of insufficient intake of carbohydrate (19.3 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.046) and lipids (11.3 vs. 0%, p < 0.001) than plausible reporters. Cholesterol intake was also lower in underreporters (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences in body composition and biochemical parameters in relation to misreporting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained demonstrated a high percentage of misreporting of energy intake among adolescents, especially among obese subjects, which suggests that energy-adjusted nutrient intake values should be employed in diet-disease risk analysis in order to contribute to a reduction in errors associated with misreporting.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. luanacs@enf.ufmg.br
authors.forename: Luana C dos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Mariana N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pascoal
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.forename: Isa P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.forename: Lígia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012650:Self Disclosure; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric