title: Superficial thrombophlebitis: A new clinical manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with HIV infection.
abstract: Skin manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy may account for up to 50% of the clinical presentations in this syndrome. Viable or dying infective antigens, host antigens, tumoral antigens, and others may target immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. We describe a 26-year-old HIV-infected man who had started highly active antiretroviral therapy a few months earlier. He developed multiple linear nodules following the superficial veins in both legs. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a mostly septal panniculitis with features of superficial thrombophlebitis. We propose that superficial thrombophlebitis should be added to the list of clinical manifestations of this newly observed immune restoration disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. ialcarazl@fjd.es
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: Juan Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Revelles
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aceñero
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Guerrero
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Requena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001706:Biopsy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015434:Panniculitis / Q000209:etiology; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology