title: [Non-face-to-face sleep improvement program in a workplace: bibliotherapy with and without behavioral self-control procedure].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep hygiene education has been important health issue in the health promotion and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. A feasible and effective method is necessary for population approach.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a non-face-to-face brief behavioral program for a sleep improvement in workplaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research design was a cluster control trial. Three hundred and thirty participants were allocated to the bibliotherapy group (BTG; n=130) or self-control group (SCG; n=200). Two groups were recruited from separated local sections of a Japanese company each other. There was no eligibility criteria and the intervention was open to every worker in the workplaces. All participants received a self-help booklet and information on recent topics of insomnia-related health problems. SCG participants set several behaviors for habit improvement and monitored those behaviors for 4 wk additionally. The replies to the questionnaire showed that almost all of them had any sleep disturbances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 158 participants in SCG (79%) and a total of 106 participants in BTG (82%) responded to the post questionnaire. Sleep parameters of pre and post questionnaires were compared between SCG and BTG. Overall, sleep onset latency was reduced and sleep efficiency was improved. The significant changes were found in only SCG. Re-analysis of pre and post 3-days' sleep diaries showed that the subjects in both group improved significantly in the main variables (total sleep time, number of awakenings, time spent awake, sleep efficiency). Sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and daytime sleepiness improved significantly in only SCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that an additional target setting and self-monitoring could promote the effectiveness for sleep improvement of a bibliotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Health, Fukuoka, Japan. a_ibh@ybb.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kouko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunitsuka
authors.forename: Katsuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniyama
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Minori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Chifumi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D001638:Bibliotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020920:Dyssomnias / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D017132:Workplace