title: Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lebanon: a report of three cases.
abstract: The global emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to fluoroquinolones is alarming and has grown to be a cause for significant concern worldwide. We report the first three cases of levofloxacin resistant S. pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary medical center in Beirut, Lebanon. Judicious use of antimicrobial agents is imperative to limit the spread of such resistant strains.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mazen R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Naba
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Araj
authors.forename: Tania A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Baban
authors.forename: Zuhayr A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Tabbarah
authors.forename: Ghassan N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Awar
authors.forename: Souha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kanj
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007861:Lebanon; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D064704:Levofloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin; D015378:Imipenem; D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime; D015242:Ofloxacin; D017291:Clarithromycin