title: Involving lay and professional stakeholders in the development of a research intervention for the DEPICTED study.
abstract: AIM This paper focuses on stakeholders' active involvement at key stages of the research as members of a Stakeholder Action Group (SAG), particularly in the context of lay stakeholder involvement. Some challenges that can arise and wider issues (e.g. empowerment, the impact of user involvement) are identified and explored within the literature on service user involvement in health care research, reflecting on the implications for researchers. BACKGROUND In the DEPICTED study, lay and professional stakeholders were actively involved in developing a complex research intervention. Lay stakeholders comprised teenage and adult patients with diabetes, parents and patient organization representatives. Professional stakeholders were from a range of disciplines. METHODS Three 1-day research meetings were attended by 13-17 lay stakeholders and 10-11 professional stakeholders (plus researchers). The SAG was responsible for reviewing evidence, advising on developing ideas for the research intervention and guiding plans for evaluation of the intervention in a subsequent trial. Formal evaluations were completed by stakeholders following each SAG meeting. RESULTS  Throughout the first (developmental) stage of this two-stage study, lay and professional stakeholders participated or were actively involved in activities that provided data to inform the research intervention. Lay stakeholders identified the need for and contributed to the design of a patient-held tool, strongly influenced the detailed design and content of the research intervention and outcome questionnaire, thus making a major contribution to the trial design. CONCLUSION Stakeholders, including teenagers, can be actively involved in designing a research intervention and impact significantly on study outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Nursing, Health and Social Care Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, Cardiff University, UK. Lowes@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lowes
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Robling
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennert
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crawley
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hambly
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D035844:Researcher-Subject Relations