title: Trends and results of the first 5 years of Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) certification testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  FLS is an educational program developed by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons and endorsed by the American College of Surgeons. The goal of the FLS program is to teach and assess the basic cognitive and psychomotor skills required to perform laparoscopic surgery. The purpose of this study is to review the results from the first 5 years of FLS certification testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  FLS test data were prospectively collected for all participants taking the FLS certification examination since its inception. Deidentified data were reviewed and analyzed using standard descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FLS examination was taken by 2,689 participants between October 2004 and December 2009. There was a yearly increase in the number of individuals seeking FLS certification. Complete demographic information was available for 1,882 participants: 12% were junior residents (PGY 1-3), 69% were senior residents (PGY 4-5) or fellows, and 19% were attending surgeons. A breakdown of participants by specialty revealed that 88% were general surgeons, 4% were gynecologists, 2% were urologists, and 6% were labeled as "other." The mean (standard deviation, SD) score on the cognitive examination was 519 (157), with a 93% pass rate. The mean score on the technical skills examination was 525 (117), with a 92% pass rate. After combining both scores, the overall FLS certification pass rate was 88%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FLS certification examination has gained widespread acceptance among laparoscopic surgeons in training and practice, with a marked increase in testing since the American Board of Surgery mandate for certification was announced. The overall pass rate of 88% on the examination approaches the target pass rate of 90% established during the test-setting process.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital-University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, 8MP-325, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S5, Canada. allan.okrainec@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okrainec
authors.forename: Nathaniel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Soper
authors.forename: Lee L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Swanstrom
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002568:Certification / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005550:Foreign Medical Graduates / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013502:General Surgery / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006176:Gynecology; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards; D013044:Specialty Boards / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States; D014572:Urology