title: Novel association of severe neonatal encephalopathy and Hirschsprung disease in a male with a duplication at the Xq28 region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a neurocristopathy characterized by the absence of parasympathetic intrinsic ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses along a variable portion of the intestinal tract. In approximately 18% of the cases HSCR also presents with multiple congenital anomalies including recognized syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of MLPA and microarray data analysis have been undertaken to refine a duplication at the Xq28 region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study we present a new clinical association of severe neonatal encephalopathy (Lubs syndrome) and HSCR, in a male patient carrying a duplication at the Xq28 region which encompasses the MECP2 and L1CAM genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the encephalopathy has been traditionally attributed to the MECP2 gene duplication in patients with Lubs syndrome, here we propose that the enteric phenotype in our patient might be due to the dosage variation of the L1CAM protein, together with additional molecular events not identified yet. This would be in agreement with the hypothesis previously forwarded that mutations in L1CAM may be involved in HSCR development in association with a predisposing genetic background.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Genética, Reproducción y Medicina Fetal, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Núñez-Torres
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Meneses
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antiñolo
authors.forename: Salud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borrego
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D020440:Gene Duplication; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome