title: Practical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comprehensive visualization and records of the craniofacial complex have been goals in orthodontic imaging. These tasks have been performed by means of plaster, photographs and radiographs. These approaches have evolved across time, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a comprehensive imaging modality for orthodontics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors provide a practical guide for applying CBCT in orthodontics, with an emphasis on situations in which conventional imaging is limited. These situations include dental development, limits of tooth movement, airway assessment, craniofacial morphology and superimposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complexities of the craniofacial complex, dentition and airway present challenges in obtaining conventional images. CBCT has image-fidelity advantages over conventional imaging that can lead to improved visualization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT is changing orthodontics with respect to clinically assessing patients and is evolving with respect to diagnosis, clinical techniques and outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical value proposition of CBCT is to describe craniofacial anatomy accurately and provide comprehensive information regarding anatomical relationships and individual patient findings for improved diagnosis, treatment planning and prognostication.
authors.affiliation: Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. jamesmah@usc.edu
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: HyeRan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choo
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002508:Cephalometry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009970:Orthodontics; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014584:User-Computer Interface