title: Management of hyponatremia: providing treatment and avoiding harm.
abstract: Hyponatremia, in its most severe form, requires urgent infusion of hypertonic saline to correct cerebral edema. However, overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome. The authors review the treatment of hyponatremia in order to provide clinicians with a sound approach in a variety of settings in which severity, symptoms, and underlying disease states influence therapy. Also discussed is the current role of vasopressin antagonists in treatment.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University School of Medicine, Renal Division, Baystate Medical Center, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Freda
mesh_terms: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045604:Extracellular Fluid; D005355:Fibrosis; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012964:Sodium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D004232:Diuretics; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012964:Sodium