title: Reduced UVB-induced corneal damage caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and decreased changes in corneal optics after trehalose treatment.
abstract: Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose, produced and stored in many lower and higher organisms, although not in mammals, is synthetized as a stress responsive factor when cells are exposed to various environmental stress conditions. Recently, trehalose has been implicated in various situations in mammals. The aim of this paper was to examine whether trehalose might decrease the damage of the rabbit cornea evoked by UVB rays. During irradiation with UVB rays, consisiting of a daily dose of 0.5 J/cm2 for four days, trehalose was applied in eye drops on the right eye and buffered saline on the left eye. One day after the end of irradiation the animals were sacrificed and the corneas examined spectrophotometrically for light absorption. Another group of corneas similarly treated were examined morphologically and immunohistochemically. Corneal thickness (hydration) was measured using a Pachymeter. The results show that compared to buffered saline, trehalose treated corneas displayed fewer corneal disturbances during UVB irradiation. The increases in corneal hydration and light absorption were less pronounced and intracorneal inflammation and corneal neovascularization were suppressed. Nitric oxide synthases that generate nitric oxide were less expressed in the cornea, and formation of cytotoxic peroxynitrite (demonstrated by nitrotyrosine residues) was decreased. The expression of the antioxidant aldehyde dehydrogenase3A1 was less inhibited in the corneal epithelium, and apoptotic corneal epithelial cell death (detected by immunostaining for active caspase-3) was greatly diminished. In conclusion, trehalose reduced UVB-induced damage caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and decreased changes in the corneal optics.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Eye Histochemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. cejkova@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cejková
authors.forename: Cestmír
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cejka
authors.forename: Taras
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ardan
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirc
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michálek
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luyckx
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D065306:Corneal Injuries; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011817:Rabbits; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000009:adverse effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000009:adverse effects; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014199:Trehalose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014199:Trehalose