title: Septins from the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis are required for proper morphogenesis but dispensable for virulence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Septins are a highly conserved family of GTP-binding proteins involved in multiple cellular functions, including cell division and morphogenesis. Studies of septins in fungal cells underpin a clear correlation between septin-based structures and fungal morphology, providing clues to understand the molecular frame behind the varied morphologies found in fungal world.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ustilago maydis genome has the ability to encode four septins. Here, using loss-of-function as well as GFP-tagged alleles of these septin genes, we investigated the roles of septins in the morphogenesis of this basidiomycete fungus. We described that septins in U. maydis could assemble into at least three different structures coexisting in the same cell: bud neck collars, band-like structures at the growing tip, and long septin fibers that run from pole to pole near the cell cortex. We also found that in the absence of septins, U. maydis cells lost their elongated shape, became wider at the central region and ended up losing their polarity, pointing to an important role of septins in the morphogenesis of this fungus. These morphological defects were alleviated in the presence of an osmotic stabilizer suggesting that absence of septins affected the proper formation of the cell wall, which was coherent with a higher sensitivity of septin defective cells to drugs that affect cell wall construction as well as exocytosis. As U. maydis is a phytopathogen, we analyzed the role of septins in virulence and found that in spite of the described morphological defects, septin mutants were virulent in corn plants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated a major role of septins in morphogenesis in U. maydis. However, in contrast to studies in other fungal pathogens, in which septins were reported to be necessary during the infection process, we found a minor role of septins during corn infection by U. maydis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Tabarés
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martín
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009024:Morphogenesis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D058112:Septins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014588:Ustilago / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D058112:Septins