title: Lacrimal gland involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis and review of the literature.
abstract: Objective. To describe the clinicoradiological and histopathological findings in a case of lacrimal gland enlargement secondary to lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) and to review the literature. Design. Case report and systematic literature review. Methods. A 75-year-old woman presented with right ptosis. Computerised tomography showed lacrimal gland enlargement, and biopsy done was inconclusive. She subsequently developed pulmonary symptoms and underwent transbronchial biopsy that was diagnosed as LG. Pub Med and OVID databases were searched using the term "orbit/eye involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis". Articles that predated the databases were gathered from current references. Results. The patient underwent lacrimal gland biopsy which revealed necrotic and inflamed tissue with no further categorisation but transbronchial biopsy helped in establishing the diagnosis of LG. On initiation of prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, her orbital lesion resolved but the patient died following massive pulmonary hemorrhage within a month of diagnosis. Conclusion. Ophthalmic involvement in LG is very rare. Varied presentations are due to central nervous system involvement, vasculitis, or infiltration of ocular or orbital structures. LG is an angiocentric and angiodestructive granulomatous disorder and can involve any tissue, thus accounting for the variable presentations reported in literature.
authors.affiliation: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Thanuja Gopal
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selva