title: Protective effect of Lifor solution in experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improved kidney preservation methods are needed to reduce ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in kidney allografts. Lifor is an artificial preservation solution comprised of nutrients, growth factors, and a non-protein oxygen and nutrient carrier. The current study compared the effectiveness of Lifor to University of Wisconsin solution (UW) in protecting rat kidneys from warm IR and cold storage injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a warm IR model, rat kidneys were perfused in situ with either saline, UW, or Lifor for 45 min. Renal function and histology were assessed 24 h later. In a cold IR model, kidney slices were cold-stored in saline, UW, or Lifor at 4°C. Kidney injury was assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and immunoblot analysis for cleaved caspase-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifor perfusion significantly mitigated renal dysfunction and tubular injury at 24 h compared with saline or UW. Lifor and UW prevented LDH release in hypoxic kidney slices in vitro, however activation of caspase-3 following hypoxia-reoxygenation was attenuated only with Lifor. Cold storage with Lifor or UW significantly decreased LDH release from kidney slices or normal rat kidney cells in comparison to storage in saline or culture media. After 24 h of cold storage there was a significant decrease in cleaved caspase-3 in Lifor stored slices compared that seen following cold storage in saline or UW solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lifor solution mitigates both warm and cold renal IR and appears to provide greater protection from apoptosis compared with UW solution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. kregner@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Regner
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nilakantan
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Shames
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Roman
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007328:Insulin; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011887:Raffinose; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose