Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers.
OBJECTIVE
Obesity alters gut microbiota ecology and associates with low-grade inflammation in humans. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of morbid obesity resulting in drastic weight loss and improvement of metabolic and inflammatory status. We analyzed the impact of RYGB on the modifications of gut microbiota and examined links with adaptations associated with this procedure.


METHODS
Gut microbiota was profiled from fecal samples by real-time quantitative PCR in 13 lean control subjects and in 30 obese individuals (with seven type 2 diabetics) explored before (M0), 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) after RYGB.


RESULTS
Four major findings are highlighted: 1) Bacteroides/Prevotella group was lower in obese subjects than in control subjects at M0 and increased at M3. It was negatively correlated with corpulence, but the correlation depended highly on caloric intake; 2) Escherichia coli species increased at M3 and inversely correlated with fat mass and leptin levels independently of changes in food intake; 3) lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus group and Bifidobacterium genus decreased at M3; and 4) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species was lower in subjects with diabetes and associated negatively with inflammatory markers at M0 and throughout the follow-up after surgery independently of changes in food intake.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that components of the dominant gut microbiota rapidly adapt in a starvation-like situation induced by RYGB while the F. prausnitzii species is directly linked to the reduction in low-grade inflammation state in obesity and diabetes independently of calorie intake.
Furet
Jean-Pierre
JP
French National Institute for Agricultural Research, U910, Unité d’Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Kong
Ling-Chun
LC
Tap
Julien
J
Poitou
Christine
C
Basdevant
Arnaud
A
Bouillot
Jean-Luc
JL
Mariat
Denis
D
Corthier
Gérard
G
Doré
Joël
J
Henegar
Corneliu
C
Rizkalla
Salwa
S
Clément
Karine
K
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003013:Clostridium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology; D010376:Pediococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013217:Starvation / Q000382:microbiology; D013851:Thinness / Q000382:microbiology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D017931:DNA Primers