title: Primary tooth emergence in Australian children: timing, sequence and patterns of asymmetry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information on the timing and sequence of human tooth emergence is valuable when analysing human growth and development, predicting the age of individuals, and for understanding the effects of genetic and environmental influences on growth processes. This paper provides updated data on the timing and sequence of primary tooth emergence in Australian children for both clinicians and researchers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twins were recruited from around Australia with data collected through parental recording of twins' primary tooth emergence. One twin from each pair was then randomly selected to enable the calculation of descriptive statistics for timing, sequence and asymmetry in tooth emergence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first and last primary teeth emerged, on average, at 8.6 months and 27.9 months, respectively, with teeth emerging in the order: central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine, second molar. Left-side antimeric teeth were more likely to emerge before their right-side counterparts but this was not statistically significant. At least 35% of all antimeric pairs had emerged within two weeks of each other, serving as a useful guideline for assessing symmetrical versus asymmetrical development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary tooth emergence in Australian twins is occurring later than reported previously for Australian singletons but is consistent with findings for singletons in other ethnic groups. The most common sequence of primary tooth emergence appears to be consistent in twins and singletons and has not changed over time.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA. suzanna.mihailidis@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woodroffe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihailidis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bockmann
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Seow
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotjamanos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003481:Cuspid / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000502:physiology; D007223:Infant; D008963:Molar / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000502:physiology*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000502:physiology*; D014427:Twins / Q000502:physiology*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000502:physiology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000502:physiology