title: Significance of lymphangiogenesis in primary tumor and draining lymph nodes during lymphatic metastasis of pancreatic head cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of lymphangiogenesis in primary pancreatic tumors and in draining lymph nodes during lymphatic metastasis of pancreatic head cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were obtained from 70 patients. To evaluate lymphangiogenesis, we measured lymphatic vessel density (LVD) using D2-40 antibody in the primary tumors and in the draining lymph nodes. AE1/AE3 antibody was used to detect tiny, histologically negative metastases in lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with high LVD of primary tumors had significantly higher incidence of node metastasis (P = 0.0006) and lower postoperative survival rate (P = 0.0066) than those with low LVD. Intranodal LVDs increased with increasing size of the intranodal metastases. The LVDs of non-metastatic nodes in patients with node metastasis were also significantly higher than those of non-metastatic nodes in patients without node metastasis (P < 0.0001). The LVDs of peripancreatic nodes in patients with paraaortic node metastases were significantly higher than those in patients without paraaortic metastasis (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphangiogenesis in primary tumors and draining lymph nodes is essential for efficient spread of tumor cells through the lymphatic system. Thus, inhibition of lymphangiogenesis could limit lymphatic dissemination of tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. h-krhr@m3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurahara
authors.forename: Sonshin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinchi
authors.forename: Kousei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mataki
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Taisaku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwahata
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate