title: Rapid implementation of an integrated large-scale HIV counseling and testing, malaria, and diarrhea prevention campaign in rural Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Integrated disease prevention in low resource settings can increase coverage, equity and efficiency in controlling high burden infectious diseases. A public-private partnership with the Ministry of Health, CDC, Vestergaard Frandsen and CHF International implemented a one-week integrated multi-disease prevention campaign.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents of Lurambi, Western Kenya were eligible for participation. The aim was to offer services to at least 80% of those aged 15-49. 31 temporary sites in strategically dispersed locations offered: HIV counseling and testing, 60 male condoms, an insecticide-treated bednet, a household water filter for women or an individual filter for men, and for those testing positive, a 3-month supply of cotrimoxazole and referral for follow-up care and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 7 days, 47,311 people attended the campaign with a 96% uptake of the multi-disease preventive package. Of these, 99.7% were tested for HIV (87% in the target 15-49 age group); 80% had previously never tested. 4% of those tested were positive, 61% were women (5% of women and 3% of men), 6% had median CD4 counts of 541 cell/µL (IQR; 356, 754). 386 certified counselors attended to an average 17 participants per day, consistent with recommended national figures for mass campaigns. Among women, HIV infection varied by age, and was more likely with an ended marriage (e.g. widowed vs. never married, OR.3.91; 95% CI. 2.87-5.34), and lack of occupation. In men, quantitatively stronger relationships were found (e.g. widowed vs. never married, OR.7.0; 95% CI. 3.5-13.9). Always using condoms with a non-steady partner was more common among HIV-infected women participants who knew their status compared to those who did not (OR.5.4 95% CI. 2.3-12.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through integrated campaigns it is feasible to efficiently cover large proportions of eligible adults in rural underserved communities with multiple disease preventive services simultaneously achieving various national and international health development goals.
authors.affiliation: CHF International, Nairobi, Kenya. ericlugada@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lugada
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haskew
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabowsky
authors.forename: Navneet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muraguri
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mermin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms; D003376:Counseling; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult