title: IL-6, VEGF, KC and RANTES are a major cause of a high irritant dermatitis to phthalic anhydride in C57BL/6 inbred mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, several strains of mice were used as chemical-induced skin irritation models to identify immunological hazards and elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which irritant dermatitis disease occur. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice have been used for most of these experiments. Although there are some differences in the immune response to chemical allergens between these strains, few studies have been conducted to determine what regulatory factors contribute to these variations.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the cause of high responses to skin irritation in C57BL/6 mice that are widely used to study atopic dermatitis, changes in various immune-related factors such as ear thickness, myeloperoxidase activity, lymph node weight, IgE concentration and cytokine concentration were measured in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice following phthalic anhydride (PA) treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on analysis of the skin irritation, C57BL/6 mice showed a greater skin irritation to PA than BALB/c mice, although the IgE concentration and auricular lymph node weight did not contribute to this difference in the response. However, the concentration of several cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC] and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES]) were significantly higher in C57BL/6 mice than BALB/c mice following treatment with PA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that several of the cytokines and chemokines secreted from irritant site could contribute to the regulation mechanism responsible for the difference in the skin irritation among various strains of mice following exposure to PA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Joon
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Sun-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Seung-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.forename: Su-Hae
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Kyu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae-Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C074302:keratinocyte-derived chemokines; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; C043103:phthalic anhydride