title: Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica food and animal isolates from Colombia: identification of a qnrB19-mediated quinolone resistance marker in two novel serovars.
abstract: Ninety-three Salmonella isolates recovered from commercial foods and exotic animals in Colombia were studied. The serotypes, resistance profiles and where applicable the quinolone resistance genes were determined. Salmonella Anatum (n=14), Uganda (19), Braenderup (10) and Newport (10) were the most prevalent serovars, and resistance to tetracycline (18.3%), ampicillin (17.2%) and nalidixic acid (14%) was most common. Nalidixic acid-resistant isolates displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 32 to 1024 μg mL(-1) . A Thr57→Ser substitution in ParC was the most frequent (12 of the 13 isolates). Six isolates possessed an Asp87→Tyr substitution in GyrA. No alterations in GyrA in a further seven nalidixic acid-resistant isolates were observed. Of these, four serovars including two Uganda, one Infantis and a serovar designated 6,7:d:-, all carried qnrB19 genes associated with 2.7 kb plasmids, two of which were completely sequenced. These exhibited 97% (serovar 6,7:d:- isolate) and 100% (serovar Infantis isolate) nucleotide sequence identity with previously identified ColE-like plasmids. This study demonstrates the occurrence of the qnrB19 gene associated with small ColE plasmids hitherto unrecognized in various Salmonella serovars in Colombia. We also report unusual high-level quinolone resistance in the absence of any DNA gyrase mutations in serovars S. Carrau, Muenchen and Uganda.
authors.affiliation: Centres for Food Safety & Food-borne Zoonomics, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karczmarczyk
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCusker
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Nola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Aarestrup
authors.forename: Séamus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanning
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003105:Colombia; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers