title: Does the KIR2DS5 gene protect from some human diseases?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  KIR2DS5 gene encodes an activating natural killer cell receptor whose ligand is not known. It was recently reported to affect the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our studies on KIR2DS5 gene associations with human diseases, we compared the frequencies of this gene in patients and relevant controls. Typing for KIR2DS5 gene was performed by either individual or multiplex polymerase chain reactions which, when compared in the same samples, gave concordant results. We noted an apparently protective effect of KIR2DS5 gene presence in several clinical conditions, but not in others. Namely, this effect was observed in ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.003, odds ratio [OR]=0.47, confidence interval [CI]=0.28-0.79), endometriosis (p=0.03, OR=0.25, CI = 0.07-0.82) and acute rejection of kidney graft (p=0.0056, OR=0.44, CI=0.24-0.80), but not in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, spontaneous abortion, or leukemia (all p>0.05). In addition, the simultaneous presence of KIR2DS5 gene and HLA-C C1 allotype exhibited an even stronger protective effect on ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.0003, OR=0.35, CI=0.19-0.65), whereas a lack of KIR2DS5 and the presence of the HLA-C C2 allotype was associated with ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.0017, OR=1.92, CI=1.28-2.89), whereas a lack of KIR2DS5 and presence of C1 allotype was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (p=0.005, OR=1.47, CI=1.13-1.92). The presence of both KIR2DS5 and C1 seemed to protect from acute kidney graft rejection (p=0.017, OR=0.47, CI=0.25-0.89), whereas lack of KIR2DS5 and presence of C2 seemed to favor rejection (p=0.0015, OR=2.13, CI=1.34-3.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that KIR2DS5 may protect from endometriosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute rejection of kidney graft.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Majorczyk
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiśniewski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magott-Procelewska
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passowicz-Muszyńska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malejczyk
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Płoski
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giebel
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barcz
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoń-Giebel
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malinowski
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tchórzewski
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chlebicki
authors.forename: Wioleta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Łuszczek
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurpisz
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gryboś
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilczyński
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiland
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Senitzer
authors.forename: Ji-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuśnierczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C531595:KIR2DS5 protein, human; D054340:Receptors, KIR