title: Predictors of very low adherence with medications for osteoporosis: towards development of a clinical prediction rule.
abstract: We developed a clinical prediction rule score to predict medication non-adherence for women prescribed osteoporosis treatment. When combined into a summative score, 62% with seven or more points on the score demonstrated very low adherence. This compares with 17% subjects with fewer than seven points (c-statistic = 0.74).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Medication non-adherence is extremely common for osteoporosis; however, no clear methods exist for identifying patients at risk of this behavior. We developed a clinical prediction rule to predict medication non-adherence for women prescribed osteoporosis treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing bone mineral density testing and fulfilling WHO criteria for osteoporosis were invited to complete a questionnaire and then followed for 1 year. Adjusted logistic regression models were examined to identify variables associated with very low adherence (medication possession ratio <20%). The weighted variables, based on the logistic regression, were summed, and the score was compared with the proportion of subjects with very low adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty two women participated in the questionnaire and were prescribed an osteoporosis medication. After 1 year, 36% (n = 50) had very low adherence. Variables associated with very low adherence included prior non-adherence with chronic medications, agreement that side effects are concerning, agreement that she is taking too many medications, lack of agreement that osteoporosis is a worry, lack of agreement that a fracture will cause disability, lack of agreement that medications help her stay active, and frequent use of alcohol. When combined into a summative score, 36 of the 58 subjects (62%) with seven or more points on the score demonstrated very low adherence. This compares with 14 of the 84 (17%) subjects with fewer than seven points (c-statistic = 0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a brief clinical prediction rule that was able to discriminate between women likely (and unlikely) to experience very low adherence with osteoporosis medications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dsolomon@partners.org
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brookhart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sundaresan
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mazor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yood
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents