title: Recent progress and continuing challenges in bio-fuel cells. Part II: Microbial.
abstract: Recent key developments in microbial fuel cell technology are reviewed. Fuel sources, electron transfer mechanisms, anode materials and enhanced O(2) reduction are discussed in detail. A summary of recently developed microbial fuel cell systems, including performance measurements, is conveniently provided in tabular form. The current challenges involved in developing practical bio-fuel cell systems are described, with particular emphasis on a fundamental understanding of the reaction environment, the performance and stability requirements, modularity and scalability. This review is the second part of a review of bio-fuel cells. In Part 1 a general introduction to bio-fuel cells, including their operating principles and applications, was provided and enzymatic fuel cell technology was reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources / Q000382:microbiology*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000639:trends; D002384:Catalysis; D004579:Electron Transport; D004867:Equipment Design; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen