title: Interstitial fluid obtained from kidney biopsy as new source of renal biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of renal biomarkers is required to improve on diagnostic accuracy, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in renal disease. We describe a new method of obtaining from renal specimens a biologic fluid potentially enriched in secreted proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  A renal biopsy specimen was centrifuged, and the interstitial fluid (IF) obtained was evaluated by SELDI-ToF, 1D and 2D gel electrophoresis. Twelve spots were extracted from the 2D gel and characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SELDI diagrams demonstrated abundant peptide peaks. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of many bands indicating a diversity of proteins in the sample. Comparison of serum to IF demonstrated a number of bands that were not shared, suggesting that the IF is not a simple "replica" of plasma fluid. Employing 2D-PAGE, 418 spots were identified in the IF sample; 12 spots were selected and analyzed by mass spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have described a novel technique to obtain a biologic fluid that contains a significant quantity and diversity of proteins from renal tissue. The procedure to obtain the fluid is simple and easily applicable to standard renal biopsy procedures. This fluid has the potential to identify informative proteins that are more concentrated than in any other renal biologic fluid previously analyzed and strictly related to renal pathophysiology. Future work includes the development of a clinical protocol to identify and validate informative biomarkers that have diagnostic and prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena - Italy. Riccardo.Magistroni@unimore.it
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magistroni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantù
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ligabue
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masellis
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spisni
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Furci
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lupo
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavazzini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albertazzi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers