title: Predictors of microvascular invasion before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microvascular invasion (MVI) is difficult to detect before resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathological and outcome data were retrospectively compared between 213 HCC patients with MVI and 221 patients without MVI who underwent hepatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MVI risk was selected as an independent prognostic indicator for both disease-free and overall survival in our 434 HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that an age under 65 years, a protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonism II (PIVKA-II) level ≥200 mAU/ml, a preoperative tumor size ≥5.0 cm, and poorly differentiated carcinoma were independent predictors of MVI. When age, PIVKA-II level, and tumor size (data available before surgery) were scored as a combined index, the total score demonstrated a significant correlation with the extent of vascular invasion and with survival after hepatic resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An age under 65 years, increase of PIVKA-II, and larger tumor size were preoperative predictors of MVI in HCC patients undergoing potentially curative resection. Our combined score based on the age, serum PIVKA-II, and preoperative tumor size is a reliable predictor of MVI and survival in patients with HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. kaibori@hirakata.kmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaibori
authors.forename: Morihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: A-Hon
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor