title: Alternative control of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato plants grown in greenhouses.
abstract: Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard is an important pest of solanaceous plants, including tomatoes. This mite is characterized by a high reproductive rate, which leads to high population growth in a short period of time causing important economic damage. Control of T. evansi is mainly through synthetic acaricides. In searching for environmentally friendly control measures, we evaluated the efficiency of alternative products to control T. evansi on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. The products tested were lime sulphur and neem based products. We first estimated the lethal concentration (LC) and instantaneous rate of increase (r i) of T. evansi exposed to different product concentrations in laboratory conditions, and later tested the efficacy of LC95 and the concentrations that restrained mite population growth (r i = 0) in greenhouse conditions. The following treatments were repeated three times: NeemPro (81.0 and 71.6 mg a.i./l), Natuneem (31.1 and 20.4 mg ai/l), Organic Neem (39.1 and 30.4 mg a.i./l), lime sulphur (1.0 and 0.6%) and water (control). For all products, control provided by LC95 was higher than provided for lower concentrations (r i = 0) one day after spraying. However, after five days, for both concentrations, the percentage of T. evansi population reduction was superior to 95% and increased over time. Only plants sprayed with Natuneem (31.1 mg a.i./l) showed symptoms of phytotoxicity. Lime sulphur and neem based products, applied in appropriate concentrations and formulations, bear out as a viable alternative to control T. evansi on tomato plants.
authors.affiliation: Depto de Fitotecnia, Univ de Caldas, Caldas, Colombia. asotog@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Madelaine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venzon
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Hamilton G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pallini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000469:parasitology*; D010571:Pest Control; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005989:Glycerides; D007302:Insect Repellents; D013440:Sulfides; D013729:Terpenes; D013885:Thiosulfates; C033907:calcium sulfide; C002443:neem oil