title: Supplementation of green tea catechins in dentifrices suppresses gingival oxidative stress and periodontal inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  this study examined the effects of a dentifrice containing green tea catechins on gingival oxidative stress and periodontal inflammation using a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  twenty-four male Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group (Control group) received no treatment for 8 weeks. Periodontal inflammation was induced in the second group for 8 weeks. Periodontal inflammation was induced in the last two groups for 8 weeks and dentifrices with or without green tea catechins were topically applied to the gingival sulcus daily for 4 weeks prior to the end of the experimental period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rats that had experimental periodontal inflammation showed apical migration of the junctional epithelium, alveolar bone loss and inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue subjacent to the junctional epithelium at 8 weeks, whilst the control group showed no pathologic changes. Topical application of a green tea catechin-containing dentifrice reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the periodontal lesions to a greater degree than the control dentifrice at 8 weeks. The gingiva in which green tea catechin-containing dentifrice was applied also showed a lower level of expression of hexanoyl-lysine (a marker of lipid peroxidation), nitrotyrosine (a marker of oxidative protein damage), and tumour necrosis factor-α (an indicator of pro-inflammatory cytokines) at 8 weeks compared to gingiva in which the control dentifrice was applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  adding green tea catechins to a dentifrice may contribute to prevention of periodontal inflammation by decreasing gingival oxidative stress and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028241:Camellia sinensis; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008239:Lysine / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003802:Dentifrices; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C417940:gallocatechin gallate; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D002392:Catechin; C062669:epicatechin gallate; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; C057580:gallocatechol; D008239:Lysine