title: High-intensity physical exercise disrupts implicit memory in mice: involvement of the striatal glutathione antioxidant system and intracellular signaling.
abstract: Physical exercise is a widely accepted behavioral strategy to enhance overall health, including mental function. However, there is controversial evidence showing brain mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and decreased neurotrophin levels after high-intensity exercise, which presumably worsens cognitive performance. Here we investigated learning and memory performance dependent on different brain regions, glutathione antioxidant system, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT), cAMP response element binding (CREB) and dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP)-32 signaling in adult Swiss mice submitted to 9 weeks of high-intensity exercise. The exercise did not alter the animals' performance in the reference and working memory versions of the water maze task. On the other hand, we observed a significant impairment in the procedural memory (an implicit memory that depends on basal ganglia) accompanied by a reduced antioxidant capacity and ERK1/2 and CREB signaling in this region. In addition, we found increased striatal DARPP-32-Thr-75 phosphorylation in trained mice. These findings indicate an increased vulnerability of the striatum to high-intensity exercise associated with the disruption of implicit memory in mice and accompanied by alteration of signaling proteins involved in the plasticity of this brain structure.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boemer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rial
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cordova
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Bem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: R D S
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Prediger
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D046352:Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione