title: A mutation in dnaK causes stabilization of the heat shock sigma factor σ32, accumulation of heat shock proteins and increase in toluene-resistance in Pseudomonas putida.
abstract: Heat shock gene expression is regulated by the cellular level and activity of the stress sigma factor σ(32)  in Gram-negative bacteria. A toluene-resistant, temperature-sensitive derivative strain of Pseudomonas putida KT2442, designated KT2442-R2 (R2), accumulated several heat shock proteins (HSPs) under non-stress conditions. Genome sequencing of strain R2 revealed that its genome contains a number of point mutations, including a CGT to CCT change in dnaK resulting in an Arg445 to Pro substitution in DnaK. DNA microarray and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the mRNA levels of representative hsp genes (e.g. dnaK, htpG and groEL) were upregulated in R2 cells in the stationary phase. Wild-type and R2 cells showed similar heat shock responses at hsp mRNA and HSP levels; however, the σ(32)  level in the mutant was not downregulated in the shut-off stage. Strain R2 harbouring plasmid-borne dnaK grew at 37°C, did not accumulate HSPs, and was more sensitive to toluene than strain R2. It is worth to note that that revertant of R2 able to grow at 37°C were isolated and exhibited a replacement of Pro445 by Ser or Leu in DnaK. Thus, the mutation in dnaK causes the temperature-sensitive phenotype, improper stabilization of σ(32)  leading to HSP accumulation and increased toluene resistance in strain R2.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Fumiyasu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fukumori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D055550:Protein Stability; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D014050:Toluene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009153:Mutagens; D012808:Sigma Factor; C069774:heat-shock sigma factor 32; D014050:Toluene