title: Paradoxically high adiponectin in obese 16-year-old girls protects against appearance of the metabolic syndrome and its components seven years later.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationships of adiponectin levels at age 16 years in obese schoolgirls to metabolic syndrome and its components at age 23 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-year prospective study of 381 females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 144 white and 129 black non-obese 16-year old girls (body mass index < 24.6 kg/m(2)), race-specific median adiponectin levels (white 12 mg/L, black 11) was used to identify paradoxically high adiponectin levels in obese girls. Of 34 white and 74 black obese girls, 12 (35%) and 19 (26%) had paradoxically high adiponectin levels. In these 108 obese girls, adiponectin levels at age 16 years independently predicted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (positive) and waist (negative), insulin (negative), and glucose (negative) at age 23 years; paradoxically high adiponectin levels at age 16 years was a negative independent predictor for waist, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, and for the number of abnormal components of the metabolic syndrome at age 23 years. In 31 pairs of obese girls with and without paradoxically high adiponectin levels, matched by race and age 16 body mass index, adiponectin levels at age 16 years was a negative predictor for the number of abnormal metabolic syndrome components at age 23 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paradoxically high adiponectin levels in obese 16 year old girls protects against metabolic syndrome and its components at age 23 years.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Glueck
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Davis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stroop
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers