title: Insect-resistant genetically modified rice in China: from research to commercialization.
abstract: From the first insect-resistant genetically modified (IRGM) rice transformation in 1989 in China to October 2009 when the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture issued biosafety certificates for commercial production of two cry1Ab/Ac Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) lines, China made a great leap forward from IRGM rice basic research to potential commercialization of the world's first IRGM rice. Research has been conducted on developing IRGM rice, assessing its environmental and food safety impacts, and evaluating its socioeconomic consequences. Laboratory and field tests have confirmed that these two Bt rice lines can provide effective and economic control of the lepidopteran complex on rice with less risk to the environment than present practices. Commercializing these Bt plants, while developing other GM plants that address the broader complex of insects and other pests, will need to be done within a comprehensive integrated pest management program to ensure the food security of China and the world.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University/NYSAES, Geneva, New York 14456, USA. mc447@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Gong-yin
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007300:Insect Control; D012275:Oryza / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis