title: The surgical challenges of disorders of sex development (DSD).
abstract: Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) remain a fascinating challenge for the paediatricians, endocrinologists, biologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, radiologists, surgeons and for the whole society. This article aims at highlighting the current controversies and questions met with genital reconstruction in children born with abnormal genitalia. The main current techniques of masculinization and feminization are reviewed with their progress and their problems. The tools of decision used to assign a gender in some newborns with complex DSD are discussed showing that at the dawn of the third millenium, one still does not know why a boy is a boy, and a girl is a girl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Hôspital Mère-Enfant, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gorduza
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Birraux
authors.forename: Claire-Lise
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demède
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Mure
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mouriquand
mesh_terms: D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods