title: Effects of nominally selective inhibitors of the kinases PI3K, SGK1 and PKB on the insulin-dependent control of epithelial Na+ absorption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-induced Na(+) retention in the distal nephron may contribute to the development of oedema/hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes. This response to insulin is usually attributed to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) but a role for protein kinase B (PKB) has been proposed. The present study therefore aimed to clarify the way in which insulin can evoke Na(+) retention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of nominally selective inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin, PI103, GDC-0941), SGK1 (GSK650394A) and PKB (Akti-1/2) on Na(+) transport in hormone-deprived and insulin-stimulated cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells, while PI3K, SGK1 and PKB activities were assayed by monitoring the phosphorylation of endogenous proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wortmannin substantially inhibited basal Na(+) transport whereas PI103 and GDC-0941 had only very small effects. However, these PI3K inhibitors all abolished insulin-induced Na(+) absorption and inactivated PI3K, SGK1 and PKB fully. GSK650394A and Akti-1/2 also inhibited insulin-evoked Na(+) absorption and while GSK650394A inhibited SGK1 without affecting PKB, Akti-1/2 inactivated both kinases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While studies undertaken using PI103 and GDC-0941 show that hormone-deprived cells can absorb Na(+) independently of PI3K, PI3K seems to be essential for insulin induced Na(+) transport. Akti-1/2 does not act as a selective inhibitor of PKB and data obtained using this compound must therefore be treated with caution. GSK650394A, on the other hand, selectively inhibits SGK1 and the finding that GSK650394A suppressed insulin-induced Na(+) absorption suggests that this response is dependent upon signalling via PI3K/SGK1.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, Division of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Morag K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mansley
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077191:Wortmannin; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D001565:Benzoates; D001596:Benzylamines; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D005663:Furans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007191:Indazoles; D007328:Insulin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011810:Quinoxalines; D012964:Sodium; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077191:Wortmannin; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; C532162:2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine; C501521:Akt-I-1,2 compound; C522973:PI103; C532254:2-cyclopentyl-4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridin-3-yl)-benzoic acid