title: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves patient-ventilator interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if, compared with pressure support (PS), neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) reduces trigger delay, inspiratory time in excess, and the number of patient-ventilator asynchronies in intubated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective interventional study in spontaneously breathing patients intubated for acute respiratory failure. Three consecutive periods of ventilation were applied: (1) PS1, (2) NAVA, (3) PS2. Airway pressure, flow, and transesophageal diaphragmatic electromyography were continuously recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All results are reported as median (interquartile range, IQR). Twenty-two patients were included, 36.4% (8/22) having obstructive pulmonary disease. NAVA reduced trigger delay (ms): NAVA, 69 (57-85); PS1, 178 (139-245); PS2, 199 (135-256). NAVA improved expiratory synchrony: inspiratory time in excess (ms): NAVA, 126 (111-136); PS1, 204 (117-345); PS2, 220 (127-366). Total asynchrony events were reduced with NAVA (events/min): NAVA, 1.21 (0.54-3.36); PS1, 3.15 (1.18-6.40); PS2, 3.04 (1.22-5.31). The number of patients with asynchrony index (AI) >10% was reduced by 50% with NAVA. In contrast to PS, no ineffective effort or late cycling was observed with NAVA. There was less premature cycling with NAVA (events/min): NAVA, 0.00 (0.00-0.00); PS1, 0.14 (0.00-0.41); PS2, 0.00 (0.00-0.48). More double triggering was seen with NAVA, 0.78 (0.46-2.42); PS1, 0.00 (0.00-0.04); PS2, 0.00 (0.00-0.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with standard PS, NAVA can improve patient-ventilator synchrony in intubated spontaneously breathing intensive care patients. Further studies should aim to determine the clinical impact of this improved synchrony.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Lise.Piquilloud@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piquilloud
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vignaux
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bialais
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roeseler
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sottiaux
authors.forename: Pierre-François
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Laterre
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jolliet
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tassaux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted