title: Natural history of attention deficits and their influence on functional recovery from acute stages to 6 months after stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention deficits are common after stroke, yet their natural course is undefined. This paper examines the course of recovery of attention up to 6 months after stroke. Also examined was the relationship of attention deficits to hemisphere of lesion and to wider outcomes (e.g. quality of life) 6 months after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  After stroke, 43 individuals completed attention tests (Trails A/B, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Bells Test, Integrated Auditory Visual Continuous Performance Test) at baseline (within 4 weeks after stroke), 6 weeks and 6 months after stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 25-60% of attention test scores showed impairment. The sample was significantly disabled (Modified Rankin Scale, MRS), had poor quality of life (36-item short-form questionnaire of the Medical Outcomes Study, SF-36) and significant cognitive difficulties (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire). Visual alternating attention, auditory/visual sustained and alternating attention improved significantly across each time frame. Hemisphere of lesion was not significantly related to baseline attention or to degree of improvement (p > 0.05). However, it was noted that while left-hemisphere stroke was associated with improved Trails A performance at each assessment, right-hemisphere lesions improved from baseline to 6 weeks but declined from 6 weeks to 6 months. Improved physical outcomes (e.g. MRS) at 6 months were predicted from less severe stroke, while an improved SF-36 mental component score was best predicted from age. Cognitive ability was predicted from Trails A attention. While left-hemisphere stroke was associated with improved Trails A performance at each assessment, right-hemisphere lesions improved from baseline to 6 weeks but declined from 6 weeks to 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that attention deficits, particularly with more complex forms of attention, are common acutely after stroke and that while they improve over time, they have a significant impact on wider aspects of functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. s.barker-collo@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker-Collo
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Feigin
authors.forename: Carlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawes
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.forename: Varsha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parag
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D011930:Reaction Time; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires