title: A phase 2 study of estramustine, docetaxel, and bevacizumab in men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 90006.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of docetaxel prolongs survival for patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with bevacizumab may further enhance the antitumor effect of docetaxel and estramustine in patients with CRPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cooperative group trial enrolled men with CRPC. Patients received oral estramustine 280 mg 3 times daily on Days 1 through 5 of every cycle plus 70 mg/m² docetaxel and 15 mg/kg bevacizumab on Day 2 every 3 weeks. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values were monitored every cycle, and imaging studies were obtained every 3 cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary objectives were safety, PSA decline, measurable disease response, and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine patients were enrolled; and 77 patients received a median of 8 cycles and were evaluable. A 50% PSA decline was observed in 58 patients (75%). Twenty-three of 39 patients with measurable disease had a partial response (59%). The median PFS was 8 months, and the overall median survival was 24 months. Neutropenia without fever (69%), fatigue (25%), and thrombosis/emboli (9%) were the most common severe toxicities. Twenty-four of 77 patients were removed from protocol treatment because of disease progression, 35 of 77 patients were removed because of a physician or patient decision, and 15 patients were removed secondary to toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of docetaxel, estramustine, and bevacizumab was tolerable but complicated by toxicity. Although the endpoint of PFS did not meet the desired level, encouraging antitumor activity and overall survival were observed. Further phase 3 evaluation of the role of bevacizumab in CRPC is ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. picus@im.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Picus
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: W Kevin
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
authors.forename: Young E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Ellen B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002369:Castration; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D043823:Taxoids; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004961:Estramustine