title: Amelioration of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury with Calendula officinalis.
abstract: Calendula officinalis of family Asteraceae, also known as marigold, has been widely used from time immemorial in Indian and Arabic cultures as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat minor skin wound and infections, burns, bee stings, sunburn and cancer. At a relatively high dose, calendula can lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Since inflammatory responses are behind many cardiac diseases, we sought to evaluate if calendula could be cardioprotective against ischemic heart disease Two groups of hearts were used: the treated rat hearts were perfused with calendula solution at 50 mM in KHB buffer (in mM: sodium chloride 118, potassium chloride 4.7, calcium chloride 1.7, sodium bicarbonate 25, potassium biphosphate 0.36, magnesium sulfate 1.2, and glucose 10) for 15 min prior to subjecting the heart to ischemia, while the control group was perfused with the buffer only. Calendula achieved cardioprotection by stimulating left ventricular developed pressure and aortic flow as well as by reducing myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardioprotection appears to be achieved by changing ischemia reperfusion-mediated death signal into a survival signal by modulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways as evidenced by the activation of Akt and Bcl2 and depression of TNFα. The results further strengthen the concept of using natural products in degeneration diseases like ischemic heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA.
authors.forename: Diptarka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Subhendu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falchi
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertelli
authors.forename: Dipak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D020838:Calendula; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts