title: Systemic thrombolysis with rt-PA in patients under 40 years of age: a subgroup analysis of the Cologne Stroke Experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the application of intravenous systemic thrombolysis (IVT) with rt-PA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) in older patients is currently moving into the focus of epidemiological studies, only few data are available regarding the application in young patients ≤40 years. Single-center data of a thrombolysis register were analyzed with respect to safety and efficacy of the treatment of young patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective subgroup analysis of 450 patients treated by IVT within a 3-hour time window, patients ≤40 years were identified (n = 20). Clinical data [age, pretherapeutic stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS), OTT (onset to-treatment time), rt-PA-dose, DNT (door[-]to[-]needle time), rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages] and medical history were determined. The clinical outcome was assessed by the mRS (modified Rankin Scale). The results were compared to those of patients >40 years (n = 430).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients ≤40 years (mean age 32 years) out of 450 patients (4%) were treated by IVT. The percentage of predisposing diseases and vascular risk factors was significantly lower when compared to patients >40 years (p < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of smokers was significantly higher (55 vs. 24%; p < 0.05). In comparison to patients >40 years, OTT, DNT and NIHSS at admission were not significantly different. After 3 months, 11 of 20 young patients (55%) showed a favorable outcome (mRS 0-1) and 80% were functionally independent (mRS 0-2). In the group of patients >40 years (n = 430), the respective percentages were significantly lower [p < 0.05; 34% (mRS 0-1) and 52% (mRS 0-2), respectively]. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages were not observed (in patients >40 years: 4%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison to the cohort of patients >40 years, IVT in young patients is safe and leads to a significantly better outcome after 3 months. Our data therefore encourage the use of IVT in young patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, Germany. Norbert.Galldiks@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galldiks
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zaro-Weber
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dohmen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neveling
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobesky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator