Dietary exposure of juvenile common sole (Solea solea L.) to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): Part 2. Formation, bioaccumulation and elimination of hydroxylated metabolites.
The uptake, elimination and transformation of six PBDE congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -209) were studied in juvenile common sole (Solea solea L.) exposed to spiked contaminated food over a three-month period, and then depurated over a five-month period. Methoxylated (MeO-) and hydroxylated (OH-) PBDEs were determined in fish plasma exposed to PBDEs and compared to those obtained in control fish. While all MeO- and some OH- congeners identified in fish plasma were found to originate from non-metabolic sources, several OH- congeners, i.e., OH-tetraBDEs and OH-pentaBDEs, were found to originate from fish metabolism. Among these, 4'-OH-BDE-49 was identified as a BDE-47 metabolite. Congener 4'-OH-BDE-101, identified here for the first time, may be the result of BDE-99 metabolic transformation. Our results unequivocally showed that PBDEs are metabolised in juvenile sole via the formation of OH- metabolites. However, this was not a major biotransformation route compared to biotransformation through debromination.
Munschy
C
C
Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, Cedex 3, France. cmunschy@ifremer.fr
Héas-Moisan
K
K
Tixier
C
C
Pacepavicius
G
G
Alaee
M
M
D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004032:Diet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism*
D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases