title: Obstetrical intervention and the singleton preterm birth rate in the United States from 1991-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between obstetrical intervention and preterm birth in the United States between 1991 and 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed changes in preterm birth, cesarean delivery, labor induction, and associated risks. Logistic regression modeled the odds of preterm obstetrical intervention after risk adjustment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1991 to 2006, the percentage of singleton preterm births increased 13%. The cesarean delivery rate for singleton preterm births increased 47%, and the rate of induced labor doubled. In 2006, 51% of singleton preterm births were spontaneous vaginal deliveries, compared with 69% in 1991. After adjustment for demographic and medical risks, the mother of a preterm infant was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87, 1.90) more likely to have an obstetrical intervention in 2006 than in 1991. Using new birth certificate data from 19 states, we estimated that 42% of singleton preterm infants were delivered via induction or cesarean birth without spontaneous onset of labor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obstetrical interventions were related to the increase in the US preterm birth rate between 1991 and 2006. The public health community can play a central role in reducing medically unnecessary interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. mfm1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Marian F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: MacDorman
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Declercq
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001723:Birth Rate; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult