title: [Effect of oxidative stress and apoptosis in granulosa cells on the outcome of IVF-ET].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association among malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and incidence of apoptosis of granulosa cells in follicular fluid with the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 51 women undergoing an IVF-ET programme for tubal factor infertility. The women with endometriosis or endocrine diseases and those with male factor infertility were excluded. All the 51 patients underwent a long gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol for pituitary downregulation followed by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with rFSH. Granulosa cells were isolated from all aspirated follicular fluid using gradient centrifugation at oocyte retrieval. The level of MDA and the activity of the SOD were measured by the thiobarbituric acid(TBA)and the chemiluminescence method, respectively. The apoptosis was studied by flow cytometry using propidium iodide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six out of the 51 patients (51.0%) were pregnant after IVF-ET. Non-pregnant patients showed significantly higher MDA level [(1.7±0.72) nmol/(g × prot) vs. (1.1±0.56) nmol/(g × prot), P<0.05)], higher incidence of apoptosis (24.8%±6.57% vs.19.0%±5.59%, P<0.05) and lower SOD level [(3.5±1.08)×10(3)NU/(g × prot) vs. (4.4±0.99)×10(3)NU/(g × prot), P<0.05)] in the granulose cells and lower good-embryo rate (54.9±20.22% vs. 65.9±16.16%, P<0.05) compared with the pregnant patients. No correlation was detected among SOD and the number of retrieved oocytes, oocyte maturity, embryo quality, fertilization, or cleavage. A significant negative correlation was detected between MDA and fertilization rate (r=-0.425, P=0.002). No significant correlation was detected between MDA and age, the number of retrieved oocytes, oocyte maturity, cleavage, or good-embryo rate. A significant negative correlation was detected between the incidence of apoptosis and the number of retrieved oocytes (r=-0.286, P=0.042), mature oocytes (r=-0.330, P=0.020) and good-embryo rate (r=-0.311, P=0.026). There was significant negative correlation between MDA and SOD levels (r=-0.471, P<0.001); and significant positive correlation between MDA level and incidence of apoptosis (r=0.475, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress may induce apoptosis in granulose cells and subsequently lower oocyte quality and lead to poor outcome of IVF-ET.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase