New Y chromosomes and early stages of sex chromosome differentiation: sex determination in Megaselia.
The phorid fly Megaselia scalaris is a laboratory model for the turnover and early differentiation of sex chromosomes. Isolates from the field have an XY sex-determining mechanism with chromosome pair 2 acting as X and Y chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are homomorphic but display early signs of sex chromosome differentiation: a low level of molecular differences between X and Y. The male-determining function (M), maps to the distal part of the Y chromosome's short arm. In laboratory cultures, new Y chromosomes with no signs of a molecular differentiation arise at a low rate, probably by transposition of M to these chromosomes. Downstream of the primary signal, the homologue of the Drosophila doublesex (dsx) is part of the sex-determining pathway while Sex-lethal (Sxl), though structurally conserved, is not.
Traut
Walther
W
Institut für Biologie, Universität Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany. traut@molbio.uni-luebeck.de
D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics*; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D019849:Sex Determination Processes / Q000235:genetics*; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*