title: Pulmonary cement embolization after kyphoplasty: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kyphoplasty is performed for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures. A theoretical advantage of this technique is the reduced risk of embolization of cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of an incidental finding of cement pulmonary embolization after kyphoplasty of an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report a patient who presented with an incidental finding of pulmonary embolization after kyphoplasty and review the relevant literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who present with symptoms of respiratory distress after kyphoplasty should undergo workup for pulmonary embolism. Clinicians may consider routine postoperative chest radiographs after kyphoplasty to screen for embolic disease. Further research is necessary to identify the risk factors and possible long-term sequelae of cement embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. radcliffk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kristen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Radcliff
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reitman
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Delasotta
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: DiIorio
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaslavsky
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hipp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000601:surgery; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D058498:Kyphoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements