title: Phase-interpolated averaging for analyzing electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography epochs.
abstract: Stimulus-locked averages of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) epochs reveal characteristic waveforms. EEG/MEG generation models to have reconstruct such waveforms have been recently proposed. These models assume that evoked, phase-modulated, and amplitude-modulated activities occur solely or simultaneously. We propose a two-stage stimulus-locked averaging method, called phase-interpolated averaging, to investigate the EEG/MEG generation process. First, virtual EEG/MEG epochs, which would be obtained as if instantaneous phases for each time sampling point were on a phase-grid, are interpolated from actually measured EEG/MEG epochs. Then, the virtual EEG/MEG epochs are discrete Fourier transformed. A simulation revealed that the zeroth Fourier term revealed the evoked activity, the first Fourier term revealed the amplitude-modulated activity, and the condition number of the interpolation reflected the phase-modulated activity. On the basis of these facts, a preliminary EEG analysis implied that the evoked activity is much smaller than what would be expected by using conventional averaging, the evoked and phase-modulated activities simultaneously occur, and the amplitude-modulated activity occasionally associates with the evoked and phase-modulated activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these three activities have been shown to coexist by actually separating them.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan. matani@isp.ac
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matani
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terazono
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted