title: Generation of Se-fortified broccoli as functional food: impact of Se fertilization on S metabolism.
abstract: Selenium (Se)-fortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has been proposed as a functional food for cancer prevention, based on its high glucosinolate (GSL) content and capacity for Se accumulation. However, as selenate and sulphate share the initial assimilation route, Se fertilization could interfere with sulphur metabolism and plant growth. Consequently, GSL accumulation could be compromised. To evaluate these potentially adverse effects of Se fertilization, we performed a comprehensive study on sand-grown young broccoli plants (weekly selenate applications of 0.8 µmol plant(-1) via the root) and field-grown adult broccoli plants during head formation (single foliar selenate application: 25.3 or 253 µmol plant(-1) ). The results show that under these conditions, Se application does not affect plant growth, contents of cysteine, glutathione, total GSL, glucoraphanin (major aliphatic GSL) or the expression of BoMYB28 (encoding a functionally confirmed master regulator for aliphatic GSL biosynthesis). Conversely, due to the changed expression of sulphate transporters (BoSULTR1;1, 1;2, 2;1, and 2;2), sulphate and total S contents increased in the shoot of young plants while decreasing in the root. We conclude that broccoli can be fertilized with Se without reduction in GSL content, even with Se accumulation exceeding the level recommended for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: HIP, Heidelberg University, INF 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fu-Chen
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Heppel
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogs
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Muhammad Sayyar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bub
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hell
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rausch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005308:Fertilizers; D055951:Functional Food; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007096:Imidoesters; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010091:Oximes; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D064586:Selenic Acid; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D005308:Fertilizers; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007096:Imidoesters; D010091:Oximes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013455:Sulfur; D012643:Selenium; D064586:Selenic Acid; C119494:glucoraphanin