title: Incidence and clinical course of lercanidipine-associated cloudy effluent in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lercanidipine, a novel dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, has been reported to cause sterile cloudy effluent in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical course of cloudy effluent associated with lercanidipine in uremic patients on CAPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed a consecutive observation study in 40 non-diabetic uremic patients on CAPD treated with lercanidipine 5 mg daily. Lercanidipine-induced cloudy effluent was defined as acellular and culture-negative effluent associated with the use of this drug and exclusion of other causative factors. Time to develop cloudy effluent, dwell effluent amount and the associated symptoms were recorded. Baseline peritoneal membrane characteristics, net ultrafiltration per session and routine biochemistry in serum and dialysate were compared between patients with and without the development of cloudy effluent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  9 patients (22.5%) developed cloudy effluent within 2 days of lercanidipine initiation. The triglyceride concentration in cloudy effluent was greater than 10 mg/dl (19.3 ± 6.3 mg/dl). There was a significant increase in dwell effluent amount (93.3 ± 64 ml/exchange, p < 0.05). Clinical symptoms as abdominal cramping or fullness were observed in 3 patients. All cloudy effluent disappeared after ceasing lercanidipine but recurred after resumption of lercanidipine. Baseline dialysate to plasma (D/P) creatinine ratio (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.51 ± 0.1; p = 0.07) tended to be higher and dialysate total protein (93.4 ± 33 vs. 61.5 ± 24 mg/dl; p < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with than without the development of cloudy effluent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of lercanidipine-associated cloudy effluent is relatively higher with transient benign clinical symptoms. Patients with lercanidipine associated cloudy effluent tend to have a higher membrane transport with an increased effluent amount.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P-J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: C-W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000378:metabolism*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C060343:lercanidipine