title: Nanoporous gold for enzyme immobilization.
abstract: Nanoporous gold (NPG) is a material of emerging interest for immobilization of biomolecules and -especially enzymes. NPG materials provide a high gold surface area onto which biomolecules can either be directly physisorbed or covalently linked after first modifying the NPG with a self-assembled monolayer. The material can be used as a high surface area electrode and with immobilized enzymes can be used for amperometric detection schemes. NPG can be prepared in a variety of formats from alloys containing less than 50 atomic% gold by dealloying procedures. Related high surface area gold structures have been prepared using templating approaches. Covalent enzyme immobilization can be achieved by first forming a self-assembled monolayer on NPG bearing a terminal reactive functional group followed by conjugation to the enzyme through amide linkages to lysine residues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stine
authors.forename: Kenise
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Shulga
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D005976:Glutaral; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex; D006046:Gold; D042845:Laccase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005976:Glutaral; C032159:acetonitrile