title: Analysis of the Hand1 cell lineage reveals novel contributions to cardiovascular, neural crest, extra-embryonic, and lateral mesoderm derivatives.
abstract: The basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors Hand1 and Hand2 play critical roles in the development of multiple organ systems during embryogenesis. The dynamic expression patterns of these two factors within developing tissues obfuscate their respective unique and redundant organogenic functions. To define cell lineages potentially dependent upon Hand gene expression, we generated a mutant allele in which the coding region of Hand1 is replaced by Cre recombinase. Subsequent Cre-mediated activation of β-galactosidase or eYFP reporter alleles enabled lineage trace analyses that clearly define the fate of Hand1-expressing cells. Hand1-driven Cre marks specific lineages within the extra embryonic tissues, placenta, sympathetic nervous system, limbs, jaw, and several cell types within the cardiovascular system. Comparisons between Hand1 expression and Hand1-lineage greatly refine our understanding of its dynamic spatial-temporal expression domains and raise the possibility of novel Hand1 functions in structures not thought to be Hand1-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Anatomy, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5225, USA.
authors.forename: Ralston M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Firulli
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Vincentz
authors.forename: Anthony B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Firulli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; C095572:Hand1 protein, mouse