title: Osteoblastic cell response on fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings: the effect of magnesium incorporation.
abstract: Magnesium (Mg) ions were incorporated into fluoridated hydroxyapatite (HA) coating by the sol-gel dip-coating method. Mg in the coating was measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The changes of calcium and magnesium concentrations were recorded to monitor the dissolution behavior of the coatings. In vitro cell responses were evaluated using MG63 cells in terms of cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. The substitution of Mg and F ions into the HA crystal structure was confirmed by XPS. Only a limited amount of Mg can be incorporated into HA lattice. The dissolution test revealed that Mg incorporation increased the solubility of the coating in the tris-buffered saline solution. The highest solubility was achieved at x = 1.5 (Ca((10-x))Mg(x)(PO(4))(6) F(OH). In the cell culture test, well-spread cells were observed on all the coatings. Also, a significantly positive effect of Mg ions on cell proliferation and late differentiation was found at x = 1.5. Mg incorporation stimulates osteoblastic cell responses on fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
authors.forename: X T
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mondal
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005782:Gels / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005782:Gels; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D007477:Ions; C028869:fluor-hydroxylapatite; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium