title: The effect of L-arginine and citrulline on endothelial function in patients in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the effect of the amino acids L-arginine and citrulline on endothelial function in patients in stable diastolic and right heart failure using photoplethysmography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients from the Heart Failure Clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" underwent photoplethysmography using the hyperemia technique. Index finger flow was assessed at baseline and after ischemia every 30 s by maximum amplitude time (MAT), total time of the curve (TT) and the index of the two (MAT/TT < 30 = normal) before and after the administration of L-arginine (8 g/day in two doses, n = 15) or citrulline (3 g/day in one dose, n = 15) for 60 days in addition to optimal pharmacological treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline. After the intervention, the MAT/TT index of all patients normalized in each evaluation period with statistically significant differences. Basal L-arginine group = 38.75 ± 11.52, final 23.32 ± 6.08, p = 0.007 and basal citrulline group = 41.4 ± 13.47, final 23.65 ± 6.74, p = 0.007 at 60-90 s. Post-ischemia: basal L-arginine 36.60 ± 11.51, final 18.81 ± 15.13, p = 0.004 and basal citrulline = 49.51 ± 15.17, final 27.13 ± 7.87, p = 0.003.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of L-arginine and citrulline has a beneficial effect on endothelial function as shown by the normalized MAT/TT index. It probably improves systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, which could help in the treatment of diastolic heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orea-Tejeda
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Orozco-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castillo-Martínez
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keirns-Davies
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montano-Hernández
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Díaz
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdespino-Trejo
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Memije
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002956:Citrulline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054144:Heart Failure, Diastolic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017156:Photoplethysmography; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002956:Citrulline; D001120:Arginine