title: Disability in people clinically at high risk of psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decline in social functioning occurs in individuals who later develop psychosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether baseline differences in disability are present in those who do and those who do not make a transition to psychosis in a group clinically at high risk and whether disability is a risk factor for transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective multicentre, naturalistic field study with an 18-month follow-up period on 245 help-seeking individuals clinically at high risk. Disability was assessed with the Disability Assessment Schedule of the World Health Organization (WHODAS-II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the transition group displayed significantly greater difficulties in making new friends (z = -3.40, P = 0.001), maintaining a friendship (z =-3.00, P = 0.003), dealing with people they do not know (z =-2.28, P = 0.023) and joining community activities (z =-2.0, P = 0.05) compared with the non-transition group. In Cox regression, difficulties in getting along with people significantly contributed to the prediction of transition to psychosis in our sample (β = 0.569, s.e. = 0.184, Wald = 9.548, P = 0.002, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.767, 95% CI 1.238-2.550).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain domains of social disability might contribute to the prediction of psychosis in a sample clinically at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velthorst
authors.forename: Dorien H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linszen
authors.forename: Hiske
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Lieuwe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dingemans
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birchwood
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Raimo K R
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Salokangas
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinimaa
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juckel
authors.forename: Heinrich Graf
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: von Reventlow
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schultze-Lutter
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klosterkötter
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruhrmann
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D058992:Social Participation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult