title: Ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Anshan, China: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis.
abstract: Few case-crossover studies were conducted in China to investigate the acute health effects of air pollution. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis to examine the association between air pollution and daily mortality in Anshan, a heavily-polluted industrial city in northeastern China. Daily mortality, air pollution, and weather data in 2004-2006 in Anshan were collected. Time-stratified case-crossover approach was used to estimate the effect of air pollutants (PM(10), SO(2), NO(2) and CO) on total and cardiopulmonary mortality. Controls were selected as matched days of the week in the same month. Potential effect modifiers, such as gender and age, were also examined. We found significant associations between air pollution and daily mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Anshan. A 10μg/m(3) elevation of 2-day moving average (lag 01) concentration in PM(10), SO(2), NO(2) and CO corresponded to 0.67% (95% CI: 0.29%, 1.04%), 0.38% (95% CI: -0.06%, 0.83%), 2.11% (95% CI: 0.22%, 4.00%) and 0.04% (95% CI: 0.01%, 0.07%) increase of cardiovascular mortality. The associations for total and respiratory mortality were generally positive but statistically insignificant. The air pollution health effects were significantly modified by age, but not by gender. Conclusively, our study showed that short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in Anshan. These findings may have implications for local environmental and social policies.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Bingheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide