title: A comparison of the contractile properties of smooth muscle from pig urethra and internal anal sphincter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smooth muscles from the urethra and internal anal sphincter (IAS) play an essential role in the maintenance of urinary and fecal continence. Any damage in these muscles may cause serious problems. The aim of this study was to directly compare the contractile properties of pig urethra and IAS taken from the same animal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smooth muscle strips of urethra and IAS dissected from the same pig were transferred to organ baths superfused with Krebs' solution, loaded with 1 g tension and equilibrated for 1 hr. Carbachol and phenylephrine response curves and EFS responses were elicited in the absence and presence of inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both tissues developed tone during the 1 hr equilibration period. Carbachol (3 × 10(-6)-10(-3) M) contracted urethra whilst relaxing IAS. Guanethidine (10(-6) M) inhibited the carbachol responses in both tissues. L-NOARG (10(-4) M) decreased carbachol responses in IAS, but not in urethra. Phenylephrine (3 × 10(-6)-10(-2) M) contracted both tissues. EFS (1-40 Hz) induced a contractile response in urethra which was decreased with guanethidine (10(-6) M) and further blocked by atropine (10(-6) M). In the presence of both, a relaxation response was observed that is sensitive to NOS inhibitors especially at low frequencies. EFS induced a relaxation followed by a contraction in IAS strips. This contraction was blocked by guanethidine but not by atropine, and the remaining relaxation at 20 Hz was decreased with L-NOARG and increased with L-arginine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are differences between urethra and IAS in terms of muscarinic activation and neural innervation, relevant for pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UK.
authors.forename: Thanesan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.forename: N Tugba
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Durlu-Kandilci
authors.forename: Alison F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Brading
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D013552:Swine; D014521:Urethra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase