title: Diversity and commonalities in the care of spine trauma internationally.
abstract: METHODS
  Questionnaires administered to practicing orthopedic and neurosurgical spine surgeons from North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine diversity and commonalities in the treatment of spine trauma internationally.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have had suggested that there is significant variability in the treatment of common spinal trauma conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires based on 10 commonly encountered spine trauma cases were administered to 77 experienced spinal surgeons across 4 continents. The questions for each case scenario were similar, but were tailored to be appropriate for the case being presented. Questions focused on the discipline of the specialist who would treat the injury, the treatment itself, and how long it would take for the patient to return home or to work. Questions pertaining to investigations, funding, estimated in-hospital length of stay, prehospital care, and mortality were also included. Each question was followed by 4 to 8 options from which the surgeon could chose a response. Data were analyzed using, SAS v9.2, a software analytical package, to determine the level of agreement between respondents on different items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 77 surgeons completing the questionnaire, 66% were fellowship trained spine surgeons, 20% orthopedic surgeons, and 14% neurosurgeons. In all regions, the majority of spinal trauma care is provided in a regional trauma center with dedicated spine surgeons. In all but 1 case significant differences were found in treatment with European and Asian surgeons have a higher operative rate. A combined anterior/posterior surgical approach was more commonly used in Europe and Asia. North American patients are expected to have a shorter hospital stay and return to work earlier. Significant differences exist between Asia and the other regions with regard to prehospital care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that despite the subspecialty focus in the care of spinal trauma, there continues to exist a lack of consensus among treating surgeons as to the optimum management and appropriateness of multiple aspects of specific operative and nonoperative interventions and indeed the postinjury management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lenehan
authors.forename: Marcel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madrazo
authors.forename: Yasutsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia; D001315:Australia; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D009656:North America; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult