title: The relationship of pedestrian injuries to socioeconomic characteristics in a large Southern California County.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between pedestrian injuries and socioeconomic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pedestrian collisions were identified in the data of the California Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS), which is assembled from police crash reports by the California Highway Patrol Information Services Unit. Four thousand crashes were identified and geocoded within the census tracts in a county population of 2,846,289 over a 5-year period. Population and population characteristics for census tracts were obtained from the 2000 U.S. Census.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of the population living in households with low income (less than 185% of the federal poverty level) was the strongest predictor of pedestrian injuries. One fourth of census tracts had less than 8.7 percent of residents with low income and averaged 11 per 100,000 pedestrian crashes annually. One fourth of the census tracts had more than 32.2 percent of residents with low income and an average of 44 pedestrian crashes per 100,000 annually. Negative binomial regression showed that with each 1 percent increase in the percentage of residents with low income was associated with a 2.8 percent increase in pedestrian crashes. The percentage of residents age 14 years or less, adult residents who had not completed high school, residents who spoke English less than "very well" and spoke another language at home, and the population density were each associated with a higher frequency of pedestrian crashes. However, when low income was added to these 4 regression models, the relationship between low income and pedestrian crashes increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that pedestrian crashes are 4 times more frequent in poor neighborhoods and that neither age of the population, education, English language fluency, nor population density explained the effect of poverty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA. bchakrav@uci.edu
authors.forename: Bharath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Craig L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lotfipour
authors.forename: Federico E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Vaca
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D019352:Censuses; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult