Relationship between flexibility and physical, chemical, and geometric characteristics of rotary nickel-titanium instruments.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of both the metallurgic and the geometric characteristics of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments on their flexibility.


METHODS
ProTaper Universal (PTU), K3, and EndoSequence (ES) instruments were evaluated. Their chemical composition and phase constitution were characterized by conventional analytical techniques. Instrument diameter and cross-sectional area were evaluated by image analysis. Flexibility was evaluated in bending tests according to the ISO 3630-1.


RESULTS
K3 presented the highest average bending moment (M(B)), followed by PTU and ES. A linear relationship was found between M(B) and the instrument's diameter and cross-sectional area at 3 mm from the tip. Alloy chemical compositions were similar among the files, but transformation temperatures were lower for K3 instruments, which presented only austenite as a constituent phase.


CONCLUSIONS
Nickel-titanium instruments from different manufacturers have unequal behavior related to their flexibility properties. Manufacturing processes changed the phase constitution and transformation temperatures of the instruments investigated and may also have influenced their flexibility.
Viana
Ana Cecília Diniz
AC
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Chaves Craveiro de Melo
Marta
M
Guiomar de Azevedo Bahia
Maria
M
Lopes Buono
Vicente Tadeu
VT
D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium