title: Mechanism of orexin B-stimulated insulin and glucagon release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the pattern of distribution and effect of orexin B in the islets of normal and diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic tissue fragments collected from normal and diabetic (4 weeks after the onset of diabetes) rats were either processed for immunohistochemistry or treated with different concentrations (10 to 10 mol/L) of orexin B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Orexin B-positive nerves were observed in the wall of blood vessels of both normal and diabetic rat pancreas. Orexin B is abundant in the islets of normal rats and colocalized with insulin in β cells. The number of orexin B-positive cells decreased after the onset of diabetes. Orexin B evoked significant (P<0.05) increases in insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. Propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, significantly (P<0.04) reduced the stimulatory effect of orexin B on insulin secretion. Orexin B also induced significant (P<0.05) increases in glucagon release from the pancreas of normal rats but failed to stimulate glucagon secretion from the pancreas of diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orexin B stimulated insulin secretion in normal and diabetic rat pancreas through the β-adrenergic pathway. Orexin B may have an important role in the regulation of islet function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. eadeghate@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adeghate
authors.forename: Rasheed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068797:Orexins; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D013311:Streptozocin; D005934:Glucagon; D011433:Propranolol