Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that electrostatic funnel directs binding of Tamiflu to influenza N1 neuraminidases.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is currently the frontline antiviral drug employed to fight the flu virus in infected individuals by inhibiting neuraminidase, a flu protein responsible for the release of newly synthesized virions. However, oseltamivir resistance has become a critical problem due to rapid mutation of the flu virus. Unfortunately, how mutations actually confer drug resistance is not well understood. In this study, we employ molecular dynamics (MD) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, as well as graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated electrostatic mapping, to uncover the mechanism behind point mutation induced oseltamivir-resistance in both H5N1 "avian" and H1N1pdm "swine" flu N1-subtype neuraminidases. The simulations reveal an electrostatic binding funnel that plays a key role in directing oseltamivir into and out of its binding site on N1 neuraminidase. The binding pathway for oseltamivir suggests how mutations disrupt drug binding and how new drugs may circumvent the resistance mechanisms.
Le
Ly
L
Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America.
Lee
Eric H
EH
Hardy
David J
DJ
Truong
Thanh N
TN
Schulten
Klaus
K
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D055672:Static Electricity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014764:Viral Proteins; D053139:Oseltamivir; D009439:Neuraminidase