title: Protective role of Ipomoea obscura (L.) on cyclophosphamide-induced uro- and nephrotoxicities by modulating antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Its urotoxicity may cause dose-limiting side-effects, for example haemorrhagic cystitis. This urotoxicity may lead to nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the protective role of Ipomoea obscura against CP-induced uro- and nephrotoxicities in animal models. Swiss albino mice were treated with an acute dose of CP (1.5 mmol/kg body wt ip) in the presence and absence of alcoholic extract of I. obscura (10 mg/kg, body wt, ip) for 5 days. The toxicities caused by CP were reversed by the extract administration as evident from the decrease in BUN, serum creatinine levels as well as an increase in body weight. A significant increase in kidney antioxidant system such as, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx was also observed in extract-treated animals. Histopathological analysis of urinary bladder and kidney indicated that CP-induced tissue damage was significantly reduced in animals treated with I. obscura. The lowered levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2, after CP treatment were found to be increased in treated animals. At the same time the level of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which was elevated during CP administration, was significantly reduced by extract administration. This study clearly demonstrates that I. obscura can ameliorate CP-induced bladder and renal toxicities by modulating antioxidant status and proinflammatory cytokine levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hamsa
authors.forename: Girija
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuttan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D027741:Ipomoea / Q000737:chemistry*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003404:Creatinine