[Cadmium and selenium interaction in mammals].
Cadmium occurs in the environment naturally and as a pollutant. Its exposure is inevitable and may produce toxic effects in many organs and organ systems through binding to biological structures, accumulation in internal organs or induction of free radical production. Another important aspect of Cd toxicity is its interaction, often anthagonistic, with essential elements. Vice versa, additional intake of the essential elements may have beneficial influence on distribution and toxic effects of cadmium. Selenium is an essential microelement and a constituent of many selenoproteins with antioxidant properties that bind cadmium (and other toxic elements such as mercury or arsenic). This review summarizes results, to date, of cadmium toxicokinetics and toxicodinamics, selenium biokinetics and biodinamics, as well as mechanisms of cadmium-selenium interaction and their impact on the oxidative status derived from the studies based upon mainly on animal experiments and on limited number of human studies. The wide variety of different doses, dose ratios, element administration modes and exposure lenghts of cadmium and selenium often yielded contradictory results. Future studies should be focused on assessment of effects of cadmium and selenium interaction in sensitive population groups and mechanisms of that interaction. Regarding animal studies, doses and exposure should be adjusted to long-term low exposure levels that are usually found in human population.
Lazarus
Maja
M
Institut za medicinska istrazivanja i medicinu rada, Zagreb, Hrvatska. mlazarus@imi.hr
D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism
D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D012643:Selenium