title: A prospective study of bispectral index scoring in mentally retarded patients receiving general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether degree of mental retardation (MR) affects bispectral index scale (BIS) scores during general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 ASA physical status I, II and III patients with varying degrees of MR, undergoing dental rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were grouped into mild, moderate, severe or profound degrees of MR, by an independent registered research nurse according to criteria by the American Psychiatric Association.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were given a standard sevoflurane in oxygen anesthetic with ASA standard monitoring. A research assistant who was blinded to study group assignment recorded the BIS scores continuously on a computer and compared the scores at the following time points: awake, induction of anesthesia, intravenous catheter placement, tracheal intubation, start of surgery, end of surgery, awakening to commands, and tracheal extubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in BIS scores existed among the study groups at any time point. No significant difference in slope of induction of anesthesia was noted among the study groups. However, the slope of emergence from anesthesia leading to tracheal extubation showed a significantly longer emergence time in the higher MR groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR does not affect BIS values during general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. ponnudrn@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Rex N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ponnudurai
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clarke-Moore
authors.forename: Ifeyinwa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ekulide
authors.forename: Manasee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sant
authors.forename: Krissy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spivack
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Ellise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delphin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane