title: Effects of varenicline on smoking cessation in patients with mild to moderate COPD: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD and accelerates its progression. Despite the health implications, a large proportion of patients with COPD continue to smoke, so finding effective smoking cessation interventions for this population is paramount. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of varenicline tartrate vs placebo in smokers with mild to moderate COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 27-center, double-blind, multinational study, 504 patients with mild to moderate COPD (postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC, <70%; FEV1 percent predicted normal value, ≥50%) and without known psychiatric disturbances were randomized to receive varenicline (n=250) or placebo (n=254) for 12 weeks, with a 40-week nontreatment follow-up. The primary end point was carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rate (CAR) for weeks 9 to 12. A secondary end point was CAR for weeks 9 to 52.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAR for weeks 9 to 12 was significantly higher for patients in the varenicline group (42.3%) than for those in the placebo group (8.8%) (OR, 8.40; 95% CI, 4.99-14.14; P<.0001). CAR in the patients treated with varenicline remained significantly higher than in those treated with placebo through weeks 9 to 52 (18.6% vs 5.6%) (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 2.13-7.67; P<.0001). Nausea, abnormal dreams, upper-respiratory tract infection, and insomnia were the most commonly reported adverse events (AEs) for patients in the varenicline group. Serious AEs were infrequent in both treatment groups. Two patients in the varenicline group and one patient in the placebo group died during the study. Reports of psychiatric AEs were similar for both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varenicline was more efficacious than placebo for smoking cessation in patients with mild to moderate COPD and demonstrated a safety profile consistent with that observed in previous trials.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00285012; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: dtashkin@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Tashkin
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rennard
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: J Taylor
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc, New York, NY.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Theodore C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013030:Spain; D013147:Spirometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D000068580:Varenicline
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068580:Varenicline