Three-column fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures.
OBJECTIVE
1) To introduce a computed tomography-based "three-column fixation" concept; and 2) to evaluate clinical outcomes (by using a column-specific fixation technique) for complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker classification Types V and VI).


METHODS
Prospective cohort study.


METHODS
Level 1 trauma center.


METHODS
Twenty-nine cases of complex tibial plateau fractures were included. Based on routine x-ray and computed tomography images, all the fractures were classified as a "three-column fracture," which means at least one separate fragment was found in lateral, medial, and posterior columns in the proximal tibia (Schatzker classification Types V and VI).


METHODS
The patients were operated on in a "floating position" with a combined approach, an inverted L-shaped posterior approach combined with an anterior-lateral approach. All three columns of fractures were fixed.


METHODS
Operative time, blood loss, quality of reduction and alignment, fracture healing, complications, and functional outcomes based on Hospital for Special Surgery score and lower-extremity measure were recorded.


RESULTS
All the cases were followed for average 27.3 months (range, 24-36 months). All the cases had satisfactory reduction except one case, which had a 4-mm stepoff at the anterior ridge of the tibial plateau postoperatively. No case of secondary articular depression was found. One case had secondary varus deformity, one case had secondary valgus deformity, and two cases of screw loosening occurred postoperatively. No revision surgery was performed. Two cases had culture-negative wound drainage. No infection was noted. The average radiographic bony union time and full weightbearing time were 13.1 weeks (range, 11-16 weeks) and 16.7 weeks (range, 12-24 weeks), respectively. The mean Short Form 36, Hospital for Special Surgery score, and lower-extremity measure at 24 months postoperatively were 89 (range, 80-98), 90 (range, 84-98), and 87 (range, 80-95), respectively. The average range of motion of the affected knee was 2.7° to 123.4° at 2 years after the operation.


CONCLUSIONS
Three-column fixation is a new fixation concept in treating complex tibial plateau fractures, which is especially useful for multiplanar fractures involving the posterior column. The combination of posterior and anterior-lateral approaches is a safe and effective way to have direct reduction and satisfactory fixation for such difficult tibial plateau fractures.
Luo
Cong-Feng
CF
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. cong_fengl@yahoo.com.cn
Sun
Hui
H
Zhang
Bo
B
Zeng
Bing-Fang
BF
D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055815:Young Adult