title: A cluster-randomized trial of a primary care informatics-based system for breast cancer screening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information technology offers the promise, as yet unfulfilled, of delivering efficient, evidence-based health care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether a primary care network-based informatics intervention can improve breast cancer screening rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster-randomized controlled trial of 12 primary care practices conducted from March 20, 2007 to March 19, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women 42-69 years old with no record of a mammogram in the prior 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In intervention practices, a population-based informatics system was implemented that: connected overdue patients to appropriate care providers, presented providers with a Web-based list of their overdue patients in a non-visit-based setting, and enabled "one-click" mammography ordering or documented deferral reasons. Patients selected for mammography received automatically generated letters and follow-up phone calls. All practices had electronic health record reminders about breast cancer screening available during clinical encounters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was the proportion of overdue women undergoing mammography at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline mammography rates in intervention and control practices did not differ (79.5% vs 79.3%, p = 0.73). Among 3,054 women in intervention practices and 3,676 women in control practices overdue for mammograms, intervention patients were somewhat younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic white, and have health insurance. Most intervention providers used the system (65 of 70 providers, 92.9%). Action was taken for 2,652 (86.8%) intervention patients [2,274 (74.5%) contacted and 378 (12.4%) deferred]. After 1 year, mammography rates were significantly higher in the intervention arm (31.4% vs 23.3% in control arm, p < 0.001 after adjustment for baseline differences; 8.1% absolute difference, 95% CI 5.1-11.2%). All demographic subgroups benefited from the intervention. Intervention patients completed screening sooner than control patients (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel population-based informatics system functioning as part of a non-visit-based care model increased mammography screening rates in intervention practices.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT00462891.
authors.affiliation: General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. satlas@partners.org
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Atlas
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ashburner
authors.forename: Yuchiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chueh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000639:trends; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*