title: Acaricidal effect and chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Cuminum cyminum, Pimenta dioica and Ocimum basilicum against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).
abstract: Acaricidal activity of essential oils extracted from cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum), allspice berries (Pimenta dioica) and basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) were tested on 10-day-old Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick larvae using the LPT. Two-fold dilutions of the three essential oils were tested from a starting dilution of 20% down to 1.25%. Results showed a high toxicological effect for cumin, producing 100% mortality in all tested concentrations on R. microplus larvae. Similarly, allspice essential oil produced 100% mortality at all concentrations with the exception of a dramatic decrease at 1.25% concentration. Conversely, basil essential oil was not shown to be toxic against R. microplus larvae. The most common compounds detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were as follows: cumin: cuminaldehyde (22.03%), γ-terpinene (15.69%) and 2-caren-10-al (12.89%); allspice: methyl eugenol (62.7%) and eugenol (8.3%); basil: linalool (30.61%) and estragole (20.04%). Results clearly indicate that C. cyminum and P. dioica essential oils can be used as an effective alternative for R. microplus tick control, and there is a high probability they can be used for other ticks affecting cattle in Mexico and throughout the world, thereby reducing the necessity for traditional and unfriendly synthetic acaricides.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, AC, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. moisesmartinezv@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Velazquez
authors.forename: Gustavo Adolfo
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Castillo-Herrera
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosario-Cruz
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flores-Fernandez
authors.forename: Julisa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ramirez
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Eugenia del Carmen
authors.initials: Edel C
authors.lastname: Lugo-Cervantes
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D028527:Cuminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D027841:Pimenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D009821:Oils; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils