title: Race and gender are not independent risk factors of allograft loss after kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the impact of gender on kidney allograft survival in black recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 805 kidney transplant recipients were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All blacks compared with all whites had significantly reduced graft survival at 1, 2, and 3 years (89%, 84%, 82% vs 93%, 89%, 87%, respectively, log-rank P = .03). After stratification by race and gender, black females showed the worst graft survival. When black females were excluded, allograft survival between black males and all whites were similar. Black females carried more risk factors for graft loss. Compared with all others, the unadjusted hazard ratio of graft loss for black females was 1.67 (P < .01; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.43), but the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.47 (P = .07, 95% confidence interval, .98-2.23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race and gender in a multivariate analysis are not statistically significant independent risk factors for poor allograft outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2669, USA. jmcgee@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: Jeanette H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Magnus
authors.forename: Rubin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sander S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Florman
authors.forename: L Lee
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: Tareq M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Navyata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mruthinti
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Slakey
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*