title: Longitudinal and multi-echo transverse relaxation times of normal breast tissue at 3 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure longitudinal (T(1)) and multi-echo transverse (T(2)) relaxation times of healthy breast tissue at 3 Tesla (T).
  
  
  METHODS
  High-resolution relaxation time measurements were made in six healthy female subjects. Inversion recovery images were acquired at 10 inversion times between 100 ms and 4000 ms, and multiple spin echo images were acquired at 16 echo times between 10 ms and 160 ms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal relaxation times T(1) were measured as 423 ± 12 ms for adipose tissue and 1680 ± 180 ms for fibroglandular tissue. Multi-echo transverse relaxation times T(2) were measured as 154 ± 9 ms for adipose tissue and 71 ± 6 ms for fibroglandular tissue. Histograms of the voxel-wise relaxation times and quantitative relaxation time maps are also presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T(1) and multi-echo T(2) relaxation times in normal human breast tissue are reported. These values are useful for pulse sequence design and optimization for 3T breast MRI. Compared with the literature, T(1) values are significantly longer at 3T, suggesting that longer repetition time and inversion time values should be used for similar image contrast.
authors.affiliation: Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. raee2@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Richard A E
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Edden
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017697:Premenopause; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors