title: The organization of the secretory machinery in chromaffin cells as a major factor in modeling exocytosis.
abstract: The organization of cytoplasm in excitable cells was a largely ignored factor when mathematical models were developed to understand intracellular calcium and secretory behavior. Here we employed a combination of fluorescent evanescent and transmitted light microscopy to explore the F-actin cytoskeletal organization in the vicinity of secretory sites in cultured bovine chromaffin cells. This technique and confocal fluorescent microscopy show chromaffin granules associated with the borders of cortical cytoskeletal cages forming an intricate tridimensional network. Furthermore, the overexpression of SNAP-25 in these cells also reveals the association of secretory machinery clusters with the borders of these cytoskeletal cages. The importance of these F-actin cage borders is stressed when granules appear to interact and remain associated during exocytosis visualized in acridin orange loaded vesicles. These results will prompt us to propose a model of cytoskeletal cages, where the secretory machinery is associated with its borders. Both the calcium level and the secretory response are enhanced in this geometrical arrangement when compared with a random distribution of the secretory machinery that is not restricted to the borders of the cage.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Cristina J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Torregrosa-Hetland
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González-Vélez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viniegra
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez