Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella.
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes acute gut inflammation by using its virulence factors to invade the intestinal epithelium and survive in mucosal macrophages. The inflammatory response enhances the transmission success of S. Typhimurium by promoting its outgrowth in the gut lumen through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that reactive oxygen species generated during inflammation react with endogenous, luminal sulphur compounds (thiosulphate) to form a new respiratory electron acceptor, tetrathionate. The genes conferring the ability to use tetrathionate as an electron acceptor produce a growth advantage for S. Typhimurium over the competing microbiota in the lumen of the inflamed gut. We conclude that S. Typhimurium virulence factors induce host-driven production of a new electron acceptor that allows the pathogen to use respiration to compete with fermenting gut microbes. Thus the ability to trigger intestinal inflammation is crucial for the biology of this diarrhoeal pathogen.
Winter
Sebastian E
SE
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Thiennimitr
Parameth
P
Winter
Maria G
MG
Butler
Brian P
BP
Huseby
Douglas L
DL
Crawford
Robert W
RW
Russell
Joseph M
JM
Bevins
Charles L
CL
Adams
L Garry
LG
Tsolis
Renée M
RM
Roth
John R
JR
Bäumler
Andreas J
AJ
D000818:Animals; D019069:Cell Respiration; D003092:Colitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004579:Electron Transport; D004583:Electrons; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013776:Tetrathionic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000378:metabolism
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013885:Thiosulfates; D013776:Tetrathionic Acid