title: TGF-beta1 accelerates dendritic cell differentiation from common dendritic cell progenitors and directs subset specification toward conventional dendritic cells.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) in lymphoid tissue comprise conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that develop from common DC progenitors (CDPs). CDPs are Flt3(+)c-kit(int)M-CSFR(+) and reside in bone marrow. In this study, we describe a two-step culture system that recapitulates DC development from c-kit(hi)Flt3(-/lo) multipotent progenitors (MPPs) into CDPs and further into cDC and pDC subsets. MPPs and CDPs are amplified in vitro with Flt3 ligand, stem cell factor, hyper-IL-6, and insulin-like growth factor-1. The four-factor mixture readily induces self-renewal of MPPs and their progression into CDPs and has no self-renewal activity on CDPs. The amplified CDPs respond to all known DC poietins and generate all lymphoid tissue DCs in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, in vitro CDPs recapitulate the cell surface marker and gene expression profile of in vivo CDPs and possess a DC-primed transcription profile. TGF-β1 impacts on CDPs and directs their differentiation toward cDCs. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of TGF-β1-induced genes identified instructive transcription factors for cDC subset specification, such as IFN regulatory factor-4 and RelB. TGF-β1 also induced the transcription factor inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding 2 that suppresses pDC development. Thus, TGF-β1 directs CDP differentiation into cDCs by inducing both cDC instructive factors and pDC inhibitory factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Piritta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Felker
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seré
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Mihail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hristov
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hieronymus
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1