title: Rimonabant reduces keratinocyte viability by induction of apoptosis and exerts topical anti-inflammatory activity in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing evidence that the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716) exerts potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we have assessed the effects of rimonabant in vitro in murine immortalized keratinocytes and in vivo by assaying the topical anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability and death in a keratinocyte cell line (C5N cells) were measured by Trypan blue exclusion assay and cytotoxicity by sulphorhodamine B test. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry and the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, cyclins, pathways of signal transduction and CB1 receptor levels were evaluated by Western blot. The topical anti-inflammatory properties of rimonabant were analysed by inhibition of croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rimonabant reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis as shown by the enhanced number of cells in the subG0 phase of the cell cycle, the expression of Bax and reduced levels of Bcl-2 and X-inhibitor of apoptosis protein. In addition, reduced levels of phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B were detected associated with regulation of total nuclear factor-kappa B and inhibitor of kappa B-α, phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B-α, cyclins D1, E and A. In croton oil-induced ear dermatitis, rimonabant significantly reduced oedema and leukocyte infiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rimonabant reduced cell viability, inducing cell death in keratinocytes and decreased croton oil-induced ear dermatitis. Our findings suggest a potential application of rimonabant as a topical anti-inflammatory drug. We did not assess the involvement of CB(1) receptors in these effects of rimonabant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malfitano
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sosa
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laezza
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Bortoli
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubaro
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bifulco
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077285:Rimonabant
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D000077285:Rimonabant