title: DNA oligomers containing site-specific and stereospecific exocyclic deoxyadenosine adducts of 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane: synthesis, characterization, and effects on DNA structure.
abstract: 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane (DEB) is a carcinogenic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene (BD), an important industrial and environmental chemical present in urban air and in cigarette smoke. DEB is considered the ultimate carcinogenic species of BD because of its potent genotoxicity and mutagenicity attributed to its ability to form DNA-DNA cross-links and exocyclic nucleoside adducts. Mutagenesis studies suggest that DEB adducts formed at adenine bases may be critically important, as it induces large numbers of A → T transversions. We have recently identified three types of exocyclic DEB-dA lesions: N⁶,N⁶-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (N⁶,N⁶-DHB-dA), 1,N⁶-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylpropan-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (1,N⁶-γ-HMHP-dA), and 1,N⁶-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxypropan-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (1,N⁶-α-HMHP-dA) [Seneviratne, U., et al. (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23, 118-133]. In the work presented here, a postsynthetic methodology for preparing DNA oligomers containing stereospecific and site-specific N⁶,N⁶-DHB-dA and 1,N⁶-γ-HMHP-dA adducts was developed. DNA oligomers containing site-specific 6-chloropurine were coupled with optically pure 1-amino-2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxybutanes to generate oligomers containing N⁶-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxybut-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosine adducts, followed by their spontaneous cyclization to 1,N⁶-γ-HMHP-dA lesions. N⁶,N⁶-DHB-dA containing strands were prepared analogously by coupling 6-chloropurine containing DNA with (3S,4S)- or (3R,4R)-pyrrolidine-3,4-diols. Oligodeoxynucleotide structures were confirmed by ESI-MS, exonuclease ladder sequencing, and HPLC-MS/MS of enzymatic digests. UV melting and CD spectroscopy studies of DNA duplexes containing N⁶,N⁶-DHB-dA and 1,N⁶-γ-HMHP-dA revealed that both lesions lower the thermodynamic stability of DNA. Interestingly, structurally modified DNA duplexes were more thermodynamically stable when an adenine residue was placed opposite 1,N⁶-γ-HMHP-dA instead of thymine, suggesting that these adducts may preferentially pair with dA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Uthpala
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seneviratne
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antsypovich
authors.forename: Danae Quirk
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.forename: Thakshila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dissanayake
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotapati
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tretyakova
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry*; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013816:Thermodynamics; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C550994:1,N6-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxypropan-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine; C550993:1,N6-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylpropan-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine; D018736:DNA Adducts; D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; C521702:N6-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxybut-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosine; C007366:diepoxybutane; D004247:DNA; D000241:Adenosine