Alternation between dietary protein depletion and normal feeding cause liver damage in mouse.
The effect of frequent protein malnutrition on liver function has not been intensively examined. Thus, the effects of alternating 5 days of a protein and amino acid-free diet followed by 5 days of a complete diet repeated three times (3 PFD-CD) on female mouse liver were examined. The expression of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in liver were assessed by proteomics, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting. The activities of liver GSTs, glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), as well as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were also tested. Additionally, oxidative damage was examined by measuring of protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation. Liver histology was examined by light and electron microscopy. Compared with control mice, 3 PFD-CD increased the content of FAS protein (+90%) and FAS mRNA (+30%), while the levels of CAIII and CAIII mRNAs were decreased (-48% and -64%, respectively). In addition, 3 PFD-CD did not significantly change the content of GSTP1 but produced an increase in its mRNA level (+20%), while it decreased the activities of both CAT (-66%) and GSTs (-26%). After 3 PFD-CD, liver protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation were increased by +55% and +95%, respectively. In serum, 3 PFD-CD increased the activities of both SGOT (+30%) and SGPT (+61%). In addition, 3 PFD-CD showed a histological pattern characteristic of hepatic damage. All together, these data suggest that frequent dietary amino acid deprivation causes hepatic metabolic and ultrastructural changes in a fashion similar to precancerous or cancerous conditions.
Caballero
Veronica J
VJ
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Funes 3250 4º Nivel, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Mendieta
Julieta R
JR
Giudici
Ana M
AM
Crupkin
Andrea C
AC
Barbeito
Claudio G
CG
Ronchi
Virginia P
VP
Chisari
Andrea N
AN
Conde
Ruben D
RD
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D024403:Carbonic Anhydrase III / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D024601:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+) / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D024601:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D024403:Carbonic Anhydrase III