title: Human ancient and extant mtDNA from the Gambier Islands (French polynesia): evidence for an early Melanesian maternal contribution and new perspectives into the settlement of easternmost Polynesia.
abstract: Molecular anthropology has been widely used to infer the origin and processes of the colonization of Polynesia. However, there are still a lack of representative geographical studies of Eastern Polynesia and unchallenged genetic data about ancient Polynesian people. The absence of both of these elements prevents an accurate description of the demographic processes of internal dispersion within the Polynesian triangle. This study provides a twofold analysis of ancient and modern mtDNA in the eastern part of French Polynesia: the Gambier Islands. The paleogenetic analyses conducted on burials of the Temoe Atoll (14(th) -17(th) centuries) represent the first fully authenticated ancient human sequences from Polynesia. The identification of the "Melanesian" Q1 mtDNA lineage in ancient human remains substantiates the Near Oceanic contribution to the early gene pool of this region. Modern samples originate from Mangareva Island. Genealogical investigations enable us to reliably identify the conservation of the Melanesian component in Easternmost Polynesia, despite recent European colonization. Finally, the identification of rare mutations in sequences belonging to haplogroup B4a1a1a provides new perspectives to the debate on the internal peopling of the Polynesian region. Altogether, the results laid out in our study put the emphasis on the necessity of controlled sampling when discussing the internal settlement of Polynesia.
authors.affiliation: Université Bordeaux 1, UMR 5199 PACEA, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France. mf.deguilloux@anthropologie.u-bordeaux1.fr
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Deguilloux
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pemonge
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dubut
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hänni
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chollet
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murail
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000883:Anthropology / Q000379:methods; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005580:Fossils; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008542:Melanesia; D011114:Polynesia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000095188:Pacific Island People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005819:Genetic Markers