title: Autocrine TGF-β protects breast cancer cells from apoptosis through reduction of BH3-only protein, Bim.
abstract: Cancer cells undergo multi-step processes in obtaining the ability to metastasize, and are constantly exposed to signals that induce apoptosis. Acquisition of anti-apoptotic properties by cancer cells is important for metastasis, and recent studies suggest that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β promotes the survival of certain types of cancer cells. Here, we found that in highly metastatic breast cancer cells, JygMC(A), JygMC(B) and 4T1, TGF-β ligands were produced in autocrine fashion. Pharmacological inhibition of endogenous TGF-β signalling by a TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor in serum-free conditions increased the expression of BH3-only protein, Bim (also known as Bcl2-like 11) in JygMC(A) and JygMC(B) cells, and caused apoptotic cell death. We also found that induction of Bim by TGF-β was not observed in Foxc1 knocked-down cancer cells. These findings suggest that TGF-β plays a crucial role in the regulation of survival of certain types of cancer cells through the TGF-β-Foxc1-Bim pathway, and that specific inhibitors of TGF-β signalling might be useful as apoptosis inducers in breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuno
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehata
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C112890:Foxc1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors