title: Refinement of the use of food and fluid control as motivational tools for macaques used in behavioural neuroscience research: report of a Working Group of the NC3Rs.
abstract: This report provides practical guidance on refinement of the use of food and fluid control as motivational tools for macaques used in behavioural neuroscience research. The guidance is based on consideration of the scientific literature and, where data are lacking, expert opinion and professional experience, including that of the members of a Working Group convened by the United Kingdom National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs). The report should be useful to researchers, veterinarians and animal care staff responsible for the welfare of macaques used in food and fluid control protocols, as well as those involved with designing, performing and analysing studies that use these protocols. It should also assist regulatory authorities and members of local ethical review processes or institutional animal care and use committees concerned with evaluating such protocols. The report provides a framework for refinement that can be tailored to meet local requirements. It also identifies data gaps and areas for future research and sets out the Working Group's recommendations on contemporary best practice.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), 20 Park Crescent, London, UK. mark.prescott@nc3rs.org.uk
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: Verity J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Flecknell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaffan
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garrod
authors.forename: Roger N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Lemon
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Whitfield
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D035841:Behavioral Research / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005502:Food; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D008251:Macaca; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D009488:Neurosciences; D006113:United Kingdom