title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of rufinamide as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial-onset seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efficacy and safety of adjunctive rufinamide (3,200 mg/day) was assessed in adolescents and adults with inadequately controlled partial-onset seizures receiving maintenance therapy with up to three antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study comprised a 56-day baseline phase (BP), 12-day titration phase, and 84-day maintenance phase (MP). The primary efficacy variable was percentage change in total partial seizure frequency per 28 days (MP vs. BP). Secondary efficacy outcome measures included ≥50% responder rate and reduction in mean total partial seizure frequency during the MP. Safety and tolerability evaluation included adverse events (AEs), physical and neurologic examinations, and laboratory values. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred fifty-seven patients were randomized: 176 to rufinamide and 181 to placebo. Patients had a median of 13.3 seizures per 28 days during BP; 86% were receiving ≥2 AEDs. For the intent-to-treat population, the median percentage reduction in total partial seizure frequency per 28 days was 23.25 for rufinamide versus 9.80 for placebo (p = 0.007). Rufinamide-treated patients were more than twice as likely to have had a ≥50% reduction in partial seizure frequency (32.5% vs. 14.3%; p < 0.001) and had a greater reduction in median total partial seizure rate per 28 days during the MP (13.2 vs. 5.2; p < 0.001). Treatment-emergent AEs occurring at ≥5% higher incidence in the rufinamide group compared with placebo were dizziness, fatigue, nausea, somnolence, and diplopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive treatment with rufinamide reduced total partial seizures in refractory patients. AEs reported were consistent with the known tolerability profile of rufinamide.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Epilepsy Program, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. vbiton@clinicaltrialsinc.com
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biton
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vasquez-Santana
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bibbiani
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perdomo
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narurkar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018401:Sample Size; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014230:Triazoles; C079703:rufinamide