title: In vitro antiophidian properties of Dipteryx alata Vogel bark extracts.
abstract: Extracts from Dipteryx alata bark obtained with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were mixed in vitro with Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu, 40 μg/mL) and Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt, 15 μg/mL) snake venoms, and applied to a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation to evaluate the possible neutralization of venom effects. Cdt venom neurotoxic effect was not inhibited by any of the extracts, while the neurotoxic and myotoxic actions of Bjssu venom were decreased by the methanolic extract. This inhibition appears to be augmented by tannins. Dichloromethane bark extract inhibited ~40% of Bjssu venom effects and delayed blockade induced by Cdt. The methodology used to determine which extract was active allows inferring that: (i) phenolic acids and flavonoids contained in the methanolic extract plus tannins were responsible mostly for neutralization of Bjssu effects; (ii) terpenoids from the dichloromethane extract may participate in the anti-Cdt and anti-Bjssu venom effects; (iii) a given extract could not inhibit venoms from different species even if those belong to the same family, so it is improper to generalize a certain plant as antiophidian; (iv) different polarity extracts do not present the same inhibitory capability, thus demonstrating the need for characterizing both venom pharmacology and the phytochemistry of medicinal plant compounds.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. yofranco@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Virgínia Sbrugnera
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nazato
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubem-Mauro
authors.forename: Nathalia Aparecida Gatto
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Dimas dos Santos
authors.initials: Ddos S
authors.lastname: Rocha-Junior
authors.forename: Magali Glauzer
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Patricia Santos
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Cháriston André
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dal-Belo
authors.forename: Jose Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.forename: Marcio Galdino
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Maria Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Cruz-Höfling
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima-Franco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017837:Bothrops; D017839:Crotalus; D046914:Dipteryx / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D051379:Mice; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D014688:Venoms / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014688:Venoms; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D000432:Methanol