title: Oxidative stress biomarkers in urine and plasma of rabbits with partial bladder outlet obstruction.
abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? It has been known that there is an increase of oxidative damage in the bladder tissues of animals after PBOO. However, no reliable oxidative stress biomarkers in either urine or plasma have been available for the assessment of the severity of PBOO. This study clearly demonstrated that the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers are increased in urine and plasma of the rabbits with PBOO.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate oxidative stress and oxidative damage biomarkers in urine and plasma after partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 16 male New Zealand White rabbits were separated equally into four groups: a control group and PBOO-treated groups for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The oxidative stress biomarkers assessed included urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). We also measured the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma. 8-OHdG, MDA and TAC were measured at both the beginning and indicated time points of the experimental design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in body weight among rabbits in the four groups. However, there was a significant increase in bladder weight after 2 weeks of PBOO. After 4 and 8 weeks of PBOO, there was an additional significant increase in bladder weight in all three groups. There was no difference in blood creatinine levels among the groups. In the 4- and 8-week PBOO groups, there was a significant increase of 8-OHdG in urine and of MDA in plasma, while there was a significant decrease in TAC in plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that oxidative stress could be detected in the plasma and urine of rabbits after 4 and 8 weeks of PBOO, and not only from bladder tissue as previously reported. Thus, there could be an easy and alternative way to evaluate bladder function by analysis of urine and/or plasma. Additionally, rabbits with chronic PBOO showed an increase in systemic oxidative stress, which could be a novel starting point for examining the link between the lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih-Shou
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shi-Bei
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi-Pai
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Yau-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine