title: Low-level laser therapy with a pulsed infrared laser accelerates second-degree burn healing in rat: a clinical and microbiologic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to investigate the influence of pulsed-wave low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of a deep second-degree burn model in rat.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Review of literature indicates that LLLT has a biostimulatory effect on wound healing; however, no clear recommendation can yet be made.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two deep second-degree burns were made in the skin of 67 rats. Rats were divided into four groups. In the first group (control), the proximal burn were received LLLT with shot down laser; in the second and third groups, proximal burns were treated with a 3,000-Hz pulsed infrared diode laser with 2.3 and 11.7 J/cm(2) energy densities, respectively. In the fourth group, the proximal burns were treated topically with 0.2% nitrofurazone. The distal burn of all groups was considered the control burn. The response to treatment was assessed both microbiologically and macroscopically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus decreased significantly in group 3 in comparison with group 1 on day 28 (χ(2) test, p = 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that LLLT with 11.7 J/cm (2) significantly increased the wound-closure rate at 2 weeks (0.915 ± 0.310) and 3 weeks (0.677 ± 0.397) after burning compared with placebo burns (1.413 ± 0.319; 1.116 ± 0.436, respectively) ANOVA-LSD test, p = 0.045 and p = 0.046 respectively. Independent sample t tests showed that LLLT with 11.7 J/cm (2) significantly increased the wound-closure rate at 4 weeks after burning (0.211 ± 0.146) compared with the control burns (0.707 ± 0.480) p = 0.039.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulsed LLLT with 11.7 J/cm(2)/890 nm of a deep second-degree burn model in rat significantly increased the rate of wound closure compared with control burns.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ezzati
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayat
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoshvaghti
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*