title: Left ventricular strain and strain rate by 2D speckle tracking in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension before and after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) strain and strain rate (SR) by 2D speckle tracking may be useful tools to assess chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) severity as well as response to successful pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 30 patients with CTEPH before and after PTE using 2D speckle tracking measurements of LV radial and circumferential strain and SR in the short axis, and correlated the data with right heart catheterization (RHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTE resulted in a decrease in mean PA pressure (44 ± 15 to 29 ± 9 mmHg), decrease in PVR (950 ± 550 to 31 ± 160 [dyne-sec]/cm⁵), and an increase in cardiac output (3.9 ± 1.0 to 5.0 ± 1.0 L/min, p < 0.001 for all). Circumferential and posterior wall radial strain changed by -11% and +15% respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Circumferential SR and posterior wall radial SR changed by -7% and 6% after PTE. While the increase in posterior wall SR with PTE reached statistical significance (p = 0.04) circumferential SR did not (p = 0.07). In addition, septal radial strain and SR did not change significantly after PTE (p = 0.1 and 0.8 respectively). Linear regression analyses of circumferential and posterior wall radial strain and SR revealed little correlation between strain/SR measurements and PVR, mean PA pressure, or cardiac output. However, change in circumferential strain and change in posterior wall radial strain correlated moderately well with changes in PVR, mean PA pressure and cardiac output (r = 0.69, 0.76, and 0.51 for circumferential strain [p < 0.001 for all] and r = 0.7, 0.7, 0.45 for posterior wall radial strain [p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.02, respectively]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV circumferential and posterior wall radial strain change after relief of pulmonary arterial obstruction in patients with CTEPH, and these improvements occur rapidly. These changes in LV strain may reflect effects from improved LV diastolic filling, and may be useful non-invasive markers of successful PTE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, 200 W. Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Waltman
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D004691:Endarterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*