title: Acute effects of betahistine hydrochloride on food intake and appetite in obese women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central nervous system histaminergic tone is thought to play a role in appetite regulation. In animal models, histamine receptor 1 (HRH1) agonists and histamine receptor 3 (HRH3) antagonists decrease food intake.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the acute effects of betahistine hydrochloride (an HRH1 agonist and HRH3 antagonist) on food intakes and appetites.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study performed to examine the effects of betahistine in women with class I or II obesity [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) of 30-39.99]. After a 24-h placebo run-in period, subjects received a placebo (n = 19) or 48 (n = 19), 96 (n = 17), or 144 (n = 21) mg betahistine/d for 24 h. Treatment was followed by a buffet test meal to assess energy intake. Hunger, satiety, and desire to eat were measured after consuming the meal by using visual analog scales. Data were analyzed by using regression models with the assumption that there would be an increasing effect of betahistine doses. Analyses were adjusted for age, log fat and lean mass, food preferences, and intake during a buffet test meal obtained during the placebo run-in period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 79 obese women (mean ± SD age: 42 ± 11 y; BMI: 35 ± 3) enrolled in the study, 76 women completed the study. The betahistine dose did not significantly change intakes from those observed during the run-in period of the buffet test meal (P = 0.78). Hunger, fullness, and desire to eat (all P > 0.62) similarly showed no differences according to the betahistine dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betahistine did not produce an effect on food intakes or appetites. More potent histaminergic modulators may be required to elucidate the possible role of histaminergic pathways in human obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00459992.
authors.affiliation: Unit on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Asem H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Yanoff
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Abena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akomeah
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Courville
authors.forename: Merel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozlosky
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Karim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Calis
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Melissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barak
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yanovski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001621:Betahistine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001621:Betahistine