title: Conjunctival melanoma: local-regional control rates, and impact of high-risk histopathologic features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conjunctival melanoma is an uncommon malignancy with the potential for significant morbidity. Ulceration is known to be an indicator of more aggressive cutaneous melanoma. This factor has not been previously evaluated in conjunctival melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with conjunctival melanoma who underwent excision by a single surgeon at a cancer referral center treated between June 2003 and July 2008 were included. The medical records were reviewed for clinical and pathological data. Outcomes assessed included local recurrence, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, use of adjuvant topical chemotherapy or adjuvant radiation therapy, final visual acuity and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local recurrence was seen in three patients (12%). Regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were each seen in four patients (15%). Tumors >2.0 mm thick were more likely to develop distant metastasis than those with a thickness of <2.0 mm (p = 0.0331). Ulceration was noted in 10 of 26 patients. Regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were each seen in 4 of 10 patients with ulceration, and none of the patients without ulceration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ulceration in conjunctival melanoma may be an important histopathologic predictor of a more aggressive tumor. Globe-sparing multi-modality management of conjunctival melanoma can yield acceptable rates of local-regional recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savar
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeli
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Suyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Prieto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies