title: Surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: a consecutive series of 154 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDVAFs) has emerged as an alternative to surgery. However, surgical disconnection is a simple and effective procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review results and complications of surgical treatment of 154 consecutive SDAVFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 154 consecutive patients with SDAVFs were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 120 males and 34 females (male/female ratio 3.5:1, mean age 63.6 years). The SDAVFs were located at the thoracic level in 92 patients and at the lumbar and sacral spine levels in 45 and 15 patients, respectively. The most common presenting symptoms were motor dysfunction (65 patients), sensory loss (31 patients), and paresthesias without sensory loss (13 patients). The mean interval from symptom onset to definitive diagnosis was 24.7 months (median 12 months). Surgery resulted in complete exclusion of the fistula at first attempt in 146 patients (95%). There were no deaths or major neurological complications related to the surgery. Six percent of patients experienced subjective or objective worsening of preoperative symptoms and signs by the time of discharge that persisted at follow-up. Other surgical complications consisted of wound infection in 2 patients and deep venous thrombosis in 3. Eight patients were lost to follow-up; 141 patients (96.6%) experienced improvement (120 patients, 82.2%) or stability (21 patients, 14.4%) of motor function at last follow-up compared with their preoperative status. Other symptoms such as numbness, sphincter dysfunction, and dysesthesias/neuropathic pain improved in 51.5%, 45%, and 32.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical obliteration of SDAVFs is safe and very effective. Prognosis of motor function is favorable after surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saladino
authors.forename: John L D
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rabinstein
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Piepgras
authors.forename: W Richard
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanzino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome