title: Variation in the number of EPIYA-C repeats in CagA protein from Colombian Helicobacter pylori strains and its ability middle to induce hummingbird phenotype in gastric epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies using Western Helicobacter pylori strains have shown that a risk factor for gastric cancer is the number of EPIYA-C motifs in the cytotoxin-associated A protein. CagA is delivered into epithelial cells, where it becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in their EPIYA repeats and induces cytoskeleton rearrangements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate H. pylori cagA positive strains isolated from Colombian patients with gastroduodenal diseases for the number of EPIYA-C repeats in cagA and their ability to induce cytoskeleton rearrangements in epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the 3´ EPIYA repeats region of cagA by PCR in 93 H. pylori cagA positive strains from 49 patients with gastritis, 17 with gastric cancer, and 24 with duodenal ulcer. AGS cells exposed to the various H. pylori isolates were evaluated for rearrangements in their cytoskeleton.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strains with one EPIYA-C were the most frequent in gastritis and duodenal ulcer patients. Strains with three EPIYA-C were mainly found in gastric cancer. We found a significantly higher risk of gastric cancer for individuals infected with strains harboring three EPIYA-C motifs (OR=12.4, CI95%: 2.32-66.3). Strains from gastric cancer showed significantly higher percentages of induction of cytoskeleton rearrangements in comparison with those from gastritis (p Mann-Whitney<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori strains with three EPIYA-C repeats can confer an increased risk of cancer to infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Agentes Infecciosos y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
authors.forename: Andrés Javier
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Quiroga
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huertas
authors.forename: Alba Lucía
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cómbita
authors.forename: María Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bravo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003105:Colombia; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005260:Female; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D013270:Stomach / Q000166:cytology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori