title: A rare case of paraplegia complicating a lumbar epidural infiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the case of a patient who developed paraplegia following a low lumbar epidural steroid injection. Alternative approaches to (or alternative means of) performing transforaminal injections should be considered, in order to avoid devastating neurological complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 54-year-old man (who had undergone surgery 14 years earlier to cure an L5-S1 slipped disc with right S1 radiculopathy) presented with low back pain (which had begun 6 weeks previously) and left S1 radiculopathy. During a second infiltration of prednisolone acetate, the patient reported feeling a heat sensation in his legs and concomitantly developed facial flushing. Immediately after the injection, the patient developed complete, flaccid T7 ASIA A motor and sensory paraplegia. Three days later, T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine revealed a spontaneous hypersignal in the conus medullaris and from T6 to T9, suggesting medullary ischemia. Recovery has been slow; after 4 months of treatment in a physical and rehabilitation medicine department, urinary and sensory disorders are still present (T7 ASIA D paraplegia). The patient can walk 200 m unaided. Three months later, the MRI data had not changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a rare case report of paraplegia following low lumbar epidural infiltration via an interlaminar route. The mechanism is not clear. Most of authors suggest that the pathophysiological basis of this type of complication is ischemia caused by accidental interruption of the medullary blood supply. Direct damage to a medullary artery, arterial spasm or corticosteroid-induced occlusion due to undetected intra-arterial injection could result in medullary infarction. This serious incident should prompt us to consider how to avoid further problems in the future. It also raises the issue of providing patients with information on the risks inherent in this type of procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the rarity of this complication, patients should be made aware of its potential occurrence. In the case reported here, the functional prognosis is uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital d'instruction des armées Laveran, Marseille cedex 13, France. laurentthefenne@orange.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thefenne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubecq
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soula
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Defuentes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lapeyre
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berets
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001158:Arteries / Q000293:injuries; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D005483:Flushing / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000209:etiology; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000209:etiology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012447:Sacrum; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C009935:prednisolone acetate; D011239:Prednisolone