Pulsating tandem microbubble for localized and directional single-cell membrane poration.
The interaction of laser-generated tandem microbubble (maximum diameter of about 50  μm) with single (rat mammary carcinoma) cells is investigated in a 25-μm liquid layer. Antiphase and coupled oscillation of the tandem microbubble leads to the formation of alternating, directional microjets (with max microstreaming velocity of 10  m/s) and vortices (max vorticity of 350 000  s{-1}) in opposite directions. Localized and directional membrane poration (200 nm to 2  μm in pore size) can be produced by the tandem microbubble in an orientation and proximity-dependent manner, which is absent from a single oscillating microbubble of comparable size and at the same stand-off distance.
Sankin
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GN
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Box 90300, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Yuan
F
F
Zhong
P
P
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D045423:Microbubbles; D008853:Microscopy; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats