title: Blind subjects implanted with the Argus II retinal prosthesis are able to improve performance in a spatial-motor task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine to what extent subjects implanted with the Argus II retinal prosthesis can improve performance compared with residual native vision in a spatial-motor task.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-contrast square stimuli (5.85 cm sides) were displayed in random locations on a 19″ (48.3 cm) touch screen monitor located 12″ (30.5 cm) in front of the subject. Subjects were instructed to locate and touch the square centre with the system on and then off (40 trials each). The coordinates of the square centre and location touched were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six percent (26/27) of subjects showed a significant improvement in accuracy and 93% (25/27) show a significant improvement in repeatability with the system on compared with off (p<0.05, Student t test). A group of five subjects that had both accuracy and repeatability values <250 pixels (7.4 cm) with the system off (ie, using only their residual vision) was significantly more accurate and repeatable than the remainder of the cohort (p<0.01). Of this group, four subjects showed a significant improvement in both accuracy and repeatability with the system on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a study on the largest cohort of visual prosthesis recipients to date, we found that artificial vision augments information from existing vision in a spatial-motor task. Clinical trials registry no NCT00407602.
authors.affiliation: Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA. aahuja@2-sight.com
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dacruz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanga
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Humayun
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D057488:Visual Prosthesis