title: In vitro activity of nicotinamide/antileishmanial drug combinations.
abstract: To improve the management of leishmaniasis, new drugs and/or alternative therapeutic strategies are required. Combination therapy of antileishmanial drugs is currently considered as one of the most rational approaches to lower treatment failure rate and limit drug resistance spreading. Nicotinamide (NAm), also known as vitamin B3 that is already is used in human therapy, exerts in vitro antileishmanial activity. Drug combination studies, performed on L. infantum axenic amastigotes, revealed that NAm significantly improves the antileishmanial activity of trivalent antimony in a synergistic manner while it shows additive activity with amphotericin B and slightly antagonizes pentamidine activity. NAm also significantly increases the toxicity of pentavalent antimony against the intracellular forms of L. infantum, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The potential of NAm to be used as adjuvant during leishmaniasis chemotherapy is further discussed.
authors.affiliation: IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UR16 Caractérisation et Contrôle des Populations de Vecteurs, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazanion
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vergnes
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seveno
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oury
authors.forename: Khatima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ait-Oudhia
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouaissi
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sereno
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000965:Antimony / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009536:Niacinamide; D010419:Pentamidine; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000965:Antimony