title: Continuous treatment with a low-dose β-agonist reduces bone mass by increasing bone resorption without suppressing bone formation.
abstract: The sympathetic nervous system regulates bone remodeling through the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR). However, the systemic roles of adrenergic actions on bone remodeling through the β-AR are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dose effect of continuous treatment with isoprenaline, a nonspecific β-AR agonist, on bone remodeling. Male C57BL/6J mice were intrasubcutaneously administrated with four different doses (5, 25, 50, or 100 μg/g daily) of isoprenaline or vehicle using an osmotic pump for 2 weeks. The region of high-turnover cancellous bone was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Continuous isoprenaline treatment caused a ~35.7% decline in the femoral cancellous bone volume fraction (BV/TV) at all doses (5-100 μg/g daily). Furthermore, continuous isoprenaline treatment weakened the bone mechanical properties in the trunk of lumbar vertebra 4 (L4). These parameters did not show significant differences between doses. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that isoprenaline doses of 50 μg/g daily or less did not significantly inhibit bone formation parameters, such as bone formation rate (BFR) and mineral surface/bone surface (MS/BS). Only the highest dose (100 μg/g daily) of isoprenaline significantly inhibited BFR and MS/BS. On the other hand, osteoclast number/bone surface (Oc.N/BS) was enhanced approximately 2.4-fold and osteoclast surface/bone surface (Oc.S/BS) was increased 2.0-fold by all doses of continuous isoprenaline treatment. The osteoclast parameters plateaued at the lowest dose (5 μg/g daily) of continuous isoprenaline treatment. These results indicate that chronic stimulation of β-AR with low-dose agonist treatment induces bone loss mainly via enhanced bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togari
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D007545:Isoproterenol