title: Early assessment of infarct size and prediction of functional recovery by quantitative myocardial blush grade in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated according to current guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether quantification of myocardial blush grade (MBG) during cardiac catheterization can aid the determination of follow-up left ventricular (LV)-function in patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI and NSTEMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined patients with first STEMI (n = 46) and NSTEMI (n = 49). ECG-gated angiographic series were used to quantify MBG by analyzing the time course of contrast agent intensity rise. Hereby, the parameter G(max)/T(max) was calculated, derived from the plateau of grey-level intensity (G(max)), divided by the time-to-peak intensity (T(max)). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) deemed as the standard reference for the estimation of infarct size, transmurality and of the LV-function at 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cut-off values of G(max)/T(max)=5.7/sec and 3.8/sec, respectively, yielded similar accuracy as infarct transmurality for the prediction of follow-up ejection fraction >55% (AUC = 0.86 for STEMI and AUC = 0.90 for NSTEMI, by G(max)/T(max) and AUC = 0.85 for STEMI and AUC = 0.89 for NSTEMI, by infarct transmurality, respectively, P = NS). Both clearly surpassed the predictive value of visual MBG (AUC = 0.69 for STEMI and AUC = 0.68 for NSTEMI, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G(max)/T(max) is an easy to acquire but highly valuable surrogate parameter for infarct size, which yields equally high accuracy with infarct transmurality and favorably compares with visually assessed blush grades for the prediction of follow-up LV-function in patients with acute ischemic syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Riedle
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dickhaus
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erbacher
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrassy
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lossnitzer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hardt
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rottbauer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zugck
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannitsis
authors.forename: Hugo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Katus
authors.forename: Grigorios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korosoglou
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media