title: Pulsating tandem microbubble for localized and directional single-cell membrane poration.
abstract: The interaction of laser-generated tandem microbubble (maximum diameter of about 50  μm) with single (rat mammary carcinoma) cells is investigated in a 25-μm liquid layer. Antiphase and coupled oscillation of the tandem microbubble leads to the formation of alternating, directional microjets (with max microstreaming velocity of 10  m/s) and vortices (max vorticity of 350 000  s{-1}) in opposite directions. Localized and directional membrane poration (200 nm to 2  μm in pore size) can be produced by the tandem microbubble in an orientation and proximity-dependent manner, which is absent from a single oscillating microbubble of comparable size and at the same stand-off distance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Box 90300, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Sankin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D045423:Microbubbles; D008853:Microscopy; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats