title: Surface engineered Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for intracellular delivery: uptake and cytotoxicity--a confocal raman microscopic study.
abstract: Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM) is used to study the cell internalization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by emulsion techniques with either poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) as surface stabilizers. HepG2 cells were exposed to PEI and BSA stabilized PLGA NPs. Spontaneous Confocal Raman Spectra taken in one and the same spot of exposed cells showed bands arising from the cellular environment as well as bands characteristic for PLGA, proving that the PLGA NPs have been internalized. It was found that PLGA NPs preferentially colocalize with lipid bodies. The results from Raman spectroscopy are compared with flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) data. The advantages of CRM as a label-free technique over flow cytometry and CLSM are discussed. Additionally, cell viability studies by means of quick cell counting solution and MTT tests in several cell lines show a generally low toxicity for both PEI and BSA stabilized PLGA NPs, with BSA stabilized PLGA NPs having an even lower toxicity than PEI stabilized.
authors.affiliation: CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 Ed. Emp. C, San Sebastián, Spain, Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China, and Laboratorio de Inmunología, Edificio Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidad de Vigo, CP 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Estrela-Lopis
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Christian Sanchez
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Espinel
authors.forename: Africa González
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Changyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.forename: Sergio E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moya
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011098:Polyglactin 910 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013499:Surface Properties; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007097:Imines; D011095:Polyethylenes; C505405:poly(ethylene imine); D011098:Polyglactin 910