title: C-oriented and {010} facets exposed BiVO4 nanowall films: template-free fabrication and their enhanced photoelectrochemical properties.
abstract: Vertically aligned BiVO(4) nanowall films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass have been fabricated through a template-free hydrothermal method for the first time. Based on the structural understanding of both BiVO(4) and ITO, the lattice matches ({020}(BiVO4) and {040}(ITO), {200}(BiVO4) and {004}(ITO), respectively) and the similarity of metal atomic arrangement parallel to {001} planes turn out to be crucial for the fabrication of the nanowalls. Consequently, the growth of a BiVO(4) film begins from heteroepitaxy and undergoes an Ostwald ripening process to form an extended network, resulting in a c-orientation and exposing {010} facets. Through this process, it is much easier to obtain a range of nanowall films with different packing densities, as the surface state of ITO glass is alterable by adjusting the concentration of acid. The films can be directly used as an electrode, which exhibits an excellent response to visible light, especially light with low intensity, allowing for the electrical interconnection, highly active surface, appropriate orientation, and a good contact with the substrate. There are great benefits in improving the technique for detecting the weak light source signals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nano-materials and Nano-chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shudong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Changzheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mingtai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie