title: Surrogate markers of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical and biological surrogate markers associated with the presence of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) with mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC) vasculitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 patients with HCV-MC vasculitis (including 20 with B-NHL) were included. The main clinical and biological markers associated with the presence of B-NHL were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with B-NHL compared to those without showed higher rates of poor general status (40% vs 16.7%; p = 0.032), purpura (90% vs 66.7%; p = 0.05), renal (50% vs 28.6%; p = 0.11) and cardiac involvement (15% vs 0%; p = 0.0006), higher cryoglobulin levels (1.44 g/litre vs 0.67 g/litre; p = 0.0004), and lower C4 (0.025 g/litre vs 0.06 g/litre; p=0.001) and γ-globulin levels (5.3 g/litre vs 13.3 g/litre; p < 0.0001). The free light chain κ/λ ratio was more frequently abnormal in patients with than without B-NHL (64.3% vs 33.3%, p = 0.10). On multivariate analysis, only γ-globulin level was associated with the presence of B-NHL (OR 0.77 (95% CI -0.44 to -0.13), p = 0.0006). The optimal cut-off value for γ-globulin level was 9 g/litre, with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the presence of B-NHL of 75%, 82%, 50% and 93%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with HCV-MC, a low γ-globulin level (< 9 g/litre) is strongly associated with the presence of B-NHL.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié Salpetriere, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geri
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Semoun
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saadoun
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sène
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charlotte
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merle-Béral
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musset
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Resche-Rigon
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000821:virology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000821:virology*; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005719:gamma-Globulins