title: Valosin-containing protein cleavage by granzyme K accelerates an endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to caspase-independent cytotoxicity of target tumor cells.
abstract: Granzyme K (GzmK) highly expressed in NK and NKT cells. We recently demonstrated that GzmK induces rapid caspase-independent cell death with ssDNA nicks. Little is known about its molecular mechanisms to mediate caspase-independent cell death. In this study, we found the valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a physiological substrate of GzmK. GzmK cleaves VCP at residue Arg(713) in the D2 domain and abrogates its ATPase activity. GzmK can also target other endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation complex components Ufd1 and Npl4. Disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway after GzmK treatment initiates ubiquitinated protein accumulation leading to xbp1 splicing. These indicate that ubiquitinated protein accumulation triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress in target cells. In support of this, target tumor cells with silenced VCP expression are more sensitive, whereas cells overexpressing VCP are more resistant to GzmK-mediated cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zusen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum; D053804:Granzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D000074405:Valosin Containing Protein
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D053804:Granzymes; D020169:Caspases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C000614178:VCP protein, human; D000074405:Valosin Containing Protein