title: Upper-body strength gains from different modes of resistance training in women who are underweight and women who are obese.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of upper-body strength gained by college women who are underweight and those who are obese using different modes of resistance training. Women who were underweight (UWW, n = 93, weight = 49.3 ± 4.5 kg) and women who were obese (OBW, n = 73, weight = 94.0 ± 15.1 kg) were selected from a larger cohort based on body mass index (UWW ≤ 18.5 kg·m⁻²; OBW ≥ 30 kg·m⁻²). Subjects elected to train with either free weights (FW, n = 38), supine vertical bench press machine (n = 52) or seated horizontal bench press machine (n = 76) using similar linear periodization resistance training programs 3× per week for 12 weeks. Each participant was assessed for upper-body strength using FWs (general) and machine weight (specific) 1 repetition maximum bench press before and after training. Increases in general and mode-specific strength were significantly greater for OBW (5.2 ± 5.1 and 9.6 ± 5.1 kg, respectively) than for UWW (3.5 ± 4.1 and 7.2 ± 5.2 kg, respectively). General strength gains were not significantly different among the training modes. Mode-specific gains were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than general strength gains for all groups. In conclusion, various resistance training modes may produce comparable increases in general strength but will register greater gains if measured using the specific mode employed for training, regardless of the weight category of the individual.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Truman State University, Kirksville. Missouri, USA. jmayhew@truman.edu
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Abbie E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jana L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arabas
authors.forename: B Scott
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D013851:Thinness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult