Does the KIR2DS5 gene protect from some human diseases?
BACKGROUND
KIR2DS5 gene encodes an activating natural killer cell receptor whose ligand is not known. It was recently reported to affect the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.


RESULTS
In our studies on KIR2DS5 gene associations with human diseases, we compared the frequencies of this gene in patients and relevant controls. Typing for KIR2DS5 gene was performed by either individual or multiplex polymerase chain reactions which, when compared in the same samples, gave concordant results. We noted an apparently protective effect of KIR2DS5 gene presence in several clinical conditions, but not in others. Namely, this effect was observed in ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.003, odds ratio [OR]=0.47, confidence interval [CI]=0.28-0.79), endometriosis (p=0.03, OR=0.25, CI = 0.07-0.82) and acute rejection of kidney graft (p=0.0056, OR=0.44, CI=0.24-0.80), but not in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, spontaneous abortion, or leukemia (all p>0.05). In addition, the simultaneous presence of KIR2DS5 gene and HLA-C C1 allotype exhibited an even stronger protective effect on ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.0003, OR=0.35, CI=0.19-0.65), whereas a lack of KIR2DS5 and the presence of the HLA-C C2 allotype was associated with ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.0017, OR=1.92, CI=1.28-2.89), whereas a lack of KIR2DS5 and presence of C1 allotype was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (p=0.005, OR=1.47, CI=1.13-1.92). The presence of both KIR2DS5 and C1 seemed to protect from acute kidney graft rejection (p=0.017, OR=0.47, CI=0.25-0.89), whereas lack of KIR2DS5 and presence of C2 seemed to favor rejection (p=0.0015, OR=2.13, CI=1.34-3.37).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that KIR2DS5 may protect from endometriosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute rejection of kidney graft.
Nowak
Izabela
I
Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
Majorczyk
Edyta
E
Wiśniewski
Andrzej
A
Pawlik
Andrzej
A
Magott-Procelewska
Maria
M
Passowicz-Muszyńska
Ewa
E
Malejczyk
Jacek
J
Płoski
Rafał
R
Giebel
Sebastian
S
Barcz
Ewa
E
Zoń-Giebel
Aleksandra
A
Malinowski
Andrzej
A
Tchórzewski
Henryk
H
Chlebicki
Arkadiusz
A
Łuszczek
Wioleta
W
Kurpisz
Maciej
M
Gryboś
Marian
M
Wilczyński
Jacek
J
Wiland
Piotr
P
Senitzer
David
D
Sun
Ji-Yao
JY
Jankowska
Renata
R
Klinger
Marian
M
Kuśnierczyk
Piotr
P
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
C531595:KIR2DS5 protein, human; D054340:Receptors, KIR