title: High incidence of ace-1 duplicated haplotypes in resistant Culex pipiens mosquitoes from Algeria.
abstract: The status of genes conferring resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides has been examined in Culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes sampled in Algeria. Presence of overproduced esterases was sporadic, but acetylcholinesterase-1 resistant alleles were observed in almost all samples. We focused our study on the AChE1 G119S substitution characterized in almost all samples, mostly at the heterozygous state. A genetic test revealed the presence of ace-1 duplication associating a susceptible and a resistant ace-1 copy. Molecular characterization showed a high occurrence of ace-1 duplication with six distinct duplicated alleles out of four samples. The inferred frequency of duplicated allele suggests that it is replacing the single resistant G119S allele. Finally, we discuss the mechanism at the origin of these duplicated haplotypes and their consequences on the management of insecticide resistance.
authors.affiliation: Team Genetic of Adaptation, Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement, CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France. haoues.alout@univ-montp2.fr
authors.forename: Haoues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alout
authors.forename: Pierrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Labbé
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pasteur
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weill
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000462:Algeria; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006579:Heterozygote; D015994:Incidence; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D010755:Organophosphates; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase