title: Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) reduces the need for gonadotrophin-induced ovarian hyperstimulation and its associated health risks but the unacceptably low conception/pregnancy rates have limited its clinical uptake. We report the development of a novel in vitro simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM) system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bovine or mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with cAMP modulators for the first 1-2 h in vitro (pre-IVM), increasing COC cAMP levels ∼100-fold. To maintain oocyte cAMP levels and prevent precocious oocyte maturation, COCs were treated during IVM with an oocyte-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor and simultaneously induced to mature with FSH. Using SPOM, the pre-IVM and IVM treatments synergized to increase bovine COC gap-junctional communication and slow meiotic progression (both P < 0.05 versus control), extending the normal IVM interval by 6 h in bovine and 4 h in mouse. FSH was required to complete maturation and this required epidermal growth factor signalling. These effects on COC had profound consequences for oocyte developmental potential. In serum-free conditions, SPOM increased bovine blastocyst yield (69 versus 27%) and improved blastocyst quality (184 versus 132 blastomeres; both P < 0.05 versus standard IVM). In mice, SPOM increased (all P < 0.05) blastocyst rate (86 versus 55%; SPOM versus control), implantation rate (53 versus 28%), fetal yield (26 versus 8%) and fetal weight (0.9 versus 0.5 g) to levels matching those of in vivo matured oocytes (conventional IVF).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPOM is a new approach to IVM, mimicing some characteristics of oocyte maturation in vivo and substantially improving oocyte developmental outcomes. Adaption of SPOM for clinical application should have significant implications for infertility management and bring important benefits to patients.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Albuz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasseville
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D015363:Quinolones; D005576:Colforsin; C021294:cilostamide; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine