title: Primary temporal inverted papilloma with premalignant change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the pathology, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and prognosis of primary temporal inverted papilloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present one of the first reported cases of primary temporal inverted papilloma with premalignant change. The available data are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To the best of our knowledge, only 10 evaluable cases of this tumour have been reported. The recurrence rate is higher for this tumour than for sinonasal inverted papilloma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary temporal inverted papilloma is extremely rare, and its diagnosis should be made only following clinical exclusion of sinonasal papilloma. Therapy mainly comprises radical resection of the lesion, and long-term post-operative follow up is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology*; D004428:Ear Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004432:Ear, Middle; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D035583:Rare Diseases; D013701:Temporal Bone; D055815:Young Adult