title: Increased monocyte adhesion-promoting capacity of plasma in end-stage renal disease - response to antioxidant therapy.
abstract: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) causes accelerated atherosclerosis which is mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation. Activation and infiltration of monocytes represent the critical steps in atherogenesis which is advanced by oxidized LDL and inhibited by HDL. Via its main apolipoprotein (apoA-I) and constituent enzymes (paraoxonase; glutathione peroxidase (GPX), LCAT) HDL exerts potent antioxidant/anti-inflammatory functions. We have found marked reduction of HDL antioxidant/anti-inflammatory and heightened LDL pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory activities in ESRD patients. Given the inseparable link between oxidative stress and inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that antioxidant therapy may improve anti-inflammatory (monocyte adhesion-promoting capacity) properties of plasma in ESRD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 20 hemodialysis patients who after a 4-week wash-out period were treated with a potent antioxidant cocktail (vitamin (v) E, 800 IU; vC, 250 mg; vB6, 100 mg; vB12, 250 µg and folic acid 10 mg daily) for 8 weeks. Twelve healthy volunteers served as control. Pre-dialysis plasma samples were obtained at the onset and conclusion of the study. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, apoA-I, HDL-associated enzymes and monocyte adhesion assay were measured using cultured aortic endothelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESRD patients exhibited reduced plasma level of apoA-1 and antioxidant enzymes, elevated markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and heightened monocyte adhesion-promoting capacity. Antioxidant therapy failed to improve these abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High doses of antioxidant vitamins fail to improve oxidative stress, inflammation or plasma monocyte adhesion-promoting capacity in ESRD patients. Thus, high doses of vitamins beyond the routinely-prescribed supplements do not appear to be beneficial in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganji
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kamanna
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pahl
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Vaziri
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase