title: Versatility of the posterior auricular flap in partial ear reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The posterior auricular flap alone has always been popular because of its prompt availability, its rich vascularity, and the ease of closing the donor-site defect primarily.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients with partial ear defects covered with posterior auricular flaps during the period between 2002 and 2007 were reviewed. In the authors' series, posterior auricular flaps were harvested based on a simple random vascularization and tailored to reach almost any defect of the ear by a simplified and standardized approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors propose a simple nomenclature after grouping the flaps according to skin paddle type, pedicle type, pedicle base, flap transfer method, and flap movement; they present a standardized algorithm with which to choose the flap design for a given defect from this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors contribute three new flap designs to enhance the versatility of the posterior auricular flap. These are the superiorly and inferiorly based twisted island flaps and the posterior auricular propeller flap.
authors.affiliation: Naples, Italy From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University Federico II.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schonauer
authors.forename: Gunasekar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vuppalapati
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlino
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santorelli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canta
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molea
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000601:surgery*; D004426:Ear Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology