title: Influence of cigarette smoke condensate on cariogenic and candidal biofilm formation on orthodontic materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An experimental analysis was made to quantify the adherence rates and the biofilm formation capacity of Streptococcus mutans ATCC25175 and Candida albicans SC5314 on orthodontic material surfaces in the presence of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Metal brackets, bands, acrylic resin, and polyurethane elastic rings were coated with stimulated saliva and submitted to adhesion and biofilm formation tests with and without CSC in a dynamic system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CSC increased the adhesion of S mutans ATCC25175 to the acquired pellicle (P <0.05) for bands (4.08 times), acrylic resin (2.89 times), and brackets (3.37 times) and reduced it in polyurethane elastic (2.66 times; P <0.05). S mutans ATCC25175 biofilm biomass was increased by CSC only on brackets (1.60 times; P <0.05). In the presence of CSC, the adhesion of C albicans SC5314 increased (P <0.05) on bands (1.81 times), brackets (9.61 times), elastics (29,133 times), and acrylic resin (177 times). Greater formation of C albicans SC5314 biofilm caused by CSC (P <0.05) was observed on acrylic resin (2.13 times) and brackets (2.32 times).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that cigarette tobacco smoke can interfere with the adhesion and biofilm formation of these microorganisms to various orthodontic materials.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Graduate Program in Dentistry-Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Brasil
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Baboni
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry-Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Odilon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guariza Filho
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa Novais
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry-Oral Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: edvaldo.rosa@pucpr.br.
authors.forename: Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro
authors.initials: EAR
authors.lastname: Rosa
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000328:Adult; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D020724:Elastomers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000382:microbiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012906:Smoke; D013193:Stainless Steel; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D020724:Elastomers; D012906:Smoke; D013193:Stainless Steel