Right ventricular failure: a novel era of targeted therapy.
There now is strong evidence to recognize the pivotal role of the right ventricle (RV) in heart disease and to establish it as a unique and separate entity than the left ventricle (LV). Here, we summarize the differences between the two ventricles, the diagnosis of RV failure, and the management of acute and chronic RV failure. We review the indices derived by echocardiography used to measure RV function, and novel biomarkers that may play a role diagnosing and prognosticating in RV-specific disease. There are new novel therapies that specifically target the RV in disease. For example, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors improve contractility of the hypertrophied RV while sparing the normal LV in pulmonary arterial hypertension. The metabolism of the hypertrophied RV is another area for therapeutic exploitation by metabolic modulation. We also suggest future potential molecular targets that may be unique to the RV because they are upregulated in RV hypertrophy greater than in LV hypertrophy.
Banerjee
Dipanjan
D
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Haddad
Francois
F
Zamanian
Roham T
RT
Nagendran
Jayan
J
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019090:Case Management; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000187:drug effects
D015415:Biomarkers; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors