title: Serum lipid biomarkers and hepatic lipase gene associations with age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A genetic variant in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol pathway, hepatic lipase (LIPC), was discovered to be associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a genome-wide association study. In this study, we evaluated whether LIPC is associated with serum lipids, and whether this gene and serum lipids are independently associated with AMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 458 participants from the Progression Study of Macular Degeneration and the Age-Related Eye Disease Ancillary Biomarker Study, including 318 advanced AMD cases with either geographic atrophy (n = 123) or neovascular disease (n = 195) and 140 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were genotyped for 8 variants associated with AMD: 2 CFH variants, C2, CFB, C3, CFI, the ARMS2/HTRA1 gene region, and LIPC. Fasting blood specimens were obtained at study onset, and serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, and triglycerides were determined. Logistic and linear regression were used to evaluate associations between serum lipids, LIPC genotype, and AMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  LIPC and serum lipid associations with AMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minor T allele of the LIPC gene was associated with a reduced risk of AMD (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.9; P = 0.01, trend for number of T alleles, controlling for age and gender). Mean level of HDL was lower (P = 0.05) and mean level of LDL (P = 0.03) was higher in cases of advanced AMD compared with controls. Higher total cholesterol and LDL levels were associated with increased risk of AMD, with P for trend = 0.01 for both, in models controlling for environmental and genetic covariates. The T allele of LIPC was associated with higher levels of HDL, although LIPC was associated with advanced AMD independent of HDL level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HDL-raising allele of the LIPC gene (T) was associated with a reduced risk of AMD. Higher total cholesterol and LDL levels were associated with increased risk, whereas higher HDL levels tended to reduce the risk of AMD. The specific mechanisms underlying the association between AMD and LIPC require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Epidemiology and Genetics Service, New England Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Johanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seddon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005819:Genetic Markers; C504173:LIPC protein, human; D014280:Triglycerides; D008049:Lipase