title: Fluorescent microsatellite analysis of urine sediment in patients with urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect microsatellite loci alterations by fluorescent multiplex PCR in urine sediment cell of urothelial carcinoma, and to determine if they can be used as genetic markers for diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsatellite alteration analysis was conducted using fluorescent multiplex PCR with samples from 64 cases of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Three microsatellites spanning the 3p14 and two additional microsatellites in 9q33 and 9p22 were analyzed. Microsatellite alterations (microsatellite instability and/or loss of heterozygosity) in urine sediment cells of urothelial carcinoma patients matched for peripheral blood and tumor tissue were all analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of microsatellite alterations in urothelial carcinoma was chromosome 3p (D3S1234: 14.6% (7/48), D3S1300: 16.7% (8/48), D3S1313: 8.35% (4/48)); 9q (D9S242: 33.3% (16/48)), and 9p (D9S162: 27.1% (13/48)). Microsatellite alterations happened in 62.5% (40/64) of the patients when combined with all five markers. Our study showed a significant correlation between the microsatellite alteration of the five-locus panel and recurrence (p = 0.010) and smoking habit (p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that these microsatellite loci alterations may have an important role in the recurrence of urothelial carcinomas. Further studies are needed to better determine the effect of microsatellite loci alterations on prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hui-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Cai-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hong-Kun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*