title: Impact of fluoroscopy on oral double-balloon enteroscopy: results of a randomized trial in 156 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The routine utility of fluoroscopy during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) via the oral route has been not prospectively evaluated. Up to now, there have been no prospective randomized trials to assess whether fluoroscopy improves outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the value of fluoroscopy during oral DBE.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 156 patients (88 men, 56.4 %) of mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 56 (19) years were randomly assigned to undergo oral DBE either with or without fluoroscopy. The majority of the patients had obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 96, 62 %). The primary target criteria for the study were postpyloric insertion depth and time required to reach the deepest insertion point. A secondary target criterion was the diagnostic yield achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results in the fluoroscopy and nonfluoroscopy groups did not differ significantly with respect to the mean (SD) insertion depth (fluoroscopy, 284 [89] cm, range 70 - 470 cm; nonfluoroscopy, 256 [86] cm, 40 - 430 cm), the mean time required to reach the deepest point of insertion, or the diagnostic yield achieved. In patients with previous abdominal surgery and during difficult procedures, the mean insertion depth was significantly lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroscopy during DBE via the oral route does not provide a significant gain in insertion depth, advancement time, or diagnostic yield in comparison with nonfluoroscopically guided procedures. In experienced hands, fluoroscopy does not have to be used routinely during oral DBE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, HSK Wiesbaden (Teaching Hospital of the University of Mainz), Ludwig-Erhard-Strasse 100, Wiesbaden, Germany. HSManner@gmx.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Manner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Färber
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D058582:Double-Balloon Enteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult