Inadequacy of nutrients intake among pregnant women in the deep south of Thailand.
BACKGROUND
The deep south of Thailand is an area which has been affected by violence since 2004, yet the concurrent coverage of antenatal care has remained at over 90%. Our study aimed to describe the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy among pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics in hospitals in the study area and assess factors associated with nutrient inadequacy.


METHODS
Pregnant women from four participating hospitals located in lower southern Thailand were surveyed during January-December 2008. Nutrient intake was estimated based on information provided by the women on the amount, type and frequency of various foods eaten. Logistic regression was used to assess individual and community factors associated with inadequate nutrient intake, defined as less than two thirds of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA).


RESULTS
The prevalence of carbohydrate, protein, fat, calories, calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, retinol, niacin, vitamin C, folic acid and iodine inadequacy was 86.8%, 59.2%, 78.0%, 83.5%, 55.0%, 29.5%, 45.2%, 85.0%, 19.2%, 3.8%, 43.2%, 0.8%, 0.0% and 0.8%, respectively. Maternal age, education level, gestational age at enrollment and pre-pregnancy body mass index and level of violence in the district were significantly associated with inadequacy of carbohydrate, protein, phosphorus, iron, thiamine and niacin intake.


CONCLUSIONS
Nutrient intake inadequacy among pregnant women was common in this area. Increasing levels of violence was associated with nutrient inadequacy in addition to individual factors.
Sukchan
Phnom
P
Development of Health Strategy Unit, Narathiwat Provincial Public Health Office, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand. phnom1242@yahoo.com
Liabsuetrakul
Tippawan
T
Chongsuvivatwong
Virasakdi
V
Songwathana
Praneed
P
Sornsrivichai
Vosasit
V
Kuning
Metta
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult