title: [Modern gray-scale sonography of the breast].
abstract: Recently, the diagnosis of breast diseases by ultrasound has changed radically. It is no longer a complementary modality to mammography but a separate method to investigate breast disease. Innovative high-resolution ultrasound allows more specific diagnosis of breast tumors. Tissue-harmonic imaging not only uses the transmitted, fundamental frequency to obtain an image but also the harmonic frequency. The harmonic signal is processed by the ultrasound system with the result of better delineation of tissue structures and spatial compounding assembles an image from multiple images taken from different angles of echo waves. The effect is the reduction of artifacts with optimized contrast. Finally the advanced speckle reduction technique is used to smooth and homogenize the image. Additionally continuous advancement of new high-resolution linear transducers is responsible for the essential improvement of image quality. In conclusion, it is recommended to integrate all of the described modalities in order to obtain diagnostically conclusive image quality. This article demonstrates the new techniques and applications exemplified using images.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Deutschland. Natalie.Woehrle@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wöhrle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hellerhoff
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: D-A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clevert
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*