title: Inadequacy of nutrients intake among pregnant women in the deep south of Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The deep south of Thailand is an area which has been affected by violence since 2004, yet the concurrent coverage of antenatal care has remained at over 90%. Our study aimed to describe the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy among pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics in hospitals in the study area and assess factors associated with nutrient inadequacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women from four participating hospitals located in lower southern Thailand were surveyed during January-December 2008. Nutrient intake was estimated based on information provided by the women on the amount, type and frequency of various foods eaten. Logistic regression was used to assess individual and community factors associated with inadequate nutrient intake, defined as less than two thirds of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of carbohydrate, protein, fat, calories, calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, retinol, niacin, vitamin C, folic acid and iodine inadequacy was 86.8%, 59.2%, 78.0%, 83.5%, 55.0%, 29.5%, 45.2%, 85.0%, 19.2%, 3.8%, 43.2%, 0.8%, 0.0% and 0.8%, respectively. Maternal age, education level, gestational age at enrollment and pre-pregnancy body mass index and level of violence in the district were significantly associated with inadequacy of carbohydrate, protein, phosphorus, iron, thiamine and niacin intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutrient intake inadequacy among pregnant women was common in this area. Increasing levels of violence was associated with nutrient inadequacy in addition to individual factors.
authors.affiliation: Development of Health Strategy Unit, Narathiwat Provincial Public Health Office, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand. phnom1242@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Phnom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sukchan
authors.forename: Tippawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liabsuetrakul
authors.forename: Virasakdi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chongsuvivatwong
authors.forename: Praneed
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Songwathana
authors.forename: Vosasit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sornsrivichai
authors.forename: Metta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000209:etiology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult