title: Thoracic epidural-general analgesia in scoliosis surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in scoliosis surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients undergoing thoracolumbar scoliosis correction.
  
  
  METHODS
  TEA was performed at three to 5 cm cephalad to the incision, and 5 to 10 mL of 0.125% - 0.2% levobupivacaine was given initially. Then, 5 to 10 mL of levobupivacaine was infused hourly throughout the operation. General anesthesia (GA) was induced with thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (one μg/kg) and was maintained with 0.2% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Intraoperative epidural morphine (two to three mg) was administered, and 0.1% levobupivacaine with morphine (0.04 to 0.08 mg/mL) was infused at two to 4 mL/hr for postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adequacy of anesthesia, postanesthetic recovery and analgesia, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20% of patients underwent more than 10 levels of correction, and 53% had coexisting morbid diseases. All had adequate anesthesia. Immediately in the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU), 67% of patients reached an Aldrete score of 10, and 40% were fully awake and oriented. All patients were arousable to command and able to flex their hips and knees. None had intraoperative recall. 73% reported no pain in the PACU or 6 hours postoperatively. No serious adverse effects occurred. 80% of patients rated their satisfaction as "good".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preincisional application of TEA with light GA may be used effectively in thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. petcharas@gmail.com
authors.forename: Petchara
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sundarathiti
authors.forename: Koravee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pasutharnchat
authors.forename: Pornpimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jommaroeng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002648:Child; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine