title: Tooth whitening: current status.
abstract: This article reviews the history of tooth whitening and its rapid evolution and briefly discusses tooth whitening agents and protocols. The active ingredients and mode of action during the whitening process are explained. The factors affecting the speed of whitening and its final results are discussed, as well as adverse effects and safety precautions. Protocols are explained in detail, and the predicted outcomes, including those for tetracycline-stained teeth, are covered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Denver School of Dental Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woolum
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000139:chemically induced; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D016877:Oxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000009:adverse effects; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D016877:Oxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013752:Tetracycline