CBT for pharmacotherapy non-remitters--a systematic review of a next-step strategy.
BACKGROUND
Non-remission rates to pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders are related to higher relapse rates, decreased quality of life and greater functional impairment. Here we sought to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as a next-step strategy in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders who did not remit after a pharmacological intervention.


METHODS
We carried out a systematic review in the ISI, Pubmed and PsycINFO/PsychLit databases. Studies that did not use CBT and that did not focus on resistance to drug therapy were excluded. We considered resistant patients who failed to respond (did not fully remit) to an adequate trial of pharmacotherapy and still exhibited residual symptoms of anxiety disorder.


RESULTS
We identified 603 references in our survey, of which 17 were included: eight were on OCD, five on panic disorder, and four on PTSD. No studies were found on social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. We observed a lack of standardization of terminology and of definitions of resistance, which makes comparison of results difficult. Finally, all of the identified studies showed benefits from the addition of CBT as a next-step strategy.


CONCLUSIONS
A limited number of randomized controlled studies were found.


CONCLUSIONS
CBT seems to be a promising next-step strategy for patients with anxiety disorders who did not remit with drug-based therapies. However, further clinical trials with strong methodological designs are needed to definitely establish its efficacy in this population.
Rodrigues
Helga
H
Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Brazil. helga_rodrigues@hotmail.com
Figueira
Ivan
I
Gonçalves
Raquel
R
Mendlowicz
Mauro
M
Macedo
Tânia
T
Ventura
Paula
P
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents