title: Enhancement of bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced ectopic bone formation by transforming growth factor-β1.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) possess osteoinductive activities and are useful for clinical treatments, including bone regeneration. We found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 strongly enhances the osteoinductive activity of BMP-2. Collagen sponges containing 5 μg of BMP-2 were implanted into mouse muscle tissues, after which lump-like masses appeared and grew until day 7. Subsequently, calcification occurred in the lump-like masses by day 14. Addition of 50 ng of TGF-β1 to the BMP-2-containing sponges markedly accelerated the growth of the lump-like masses and resulted in a fivefold increase in total bone volume as compared with BMP-2 alone. The number of osteoblasts in ectopic bone tissues at 14 days after implantation induced by BMP-2+TGF-β1 was twofold greater than that with BMP-2 alone, whereas the number of osteoclasts was decreased by half. On the other hand, TGF-β1 accelerated the differentiation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the early stage (2-7 days after implantation) of ectopic bone formation. We also implanted collagen sponges into bone defects surgically created in mouse calvaria. Sponges containing 2.5 μg of BMP-2 and 25 ng of TGF-β1 caused complete filling of the defects with orthotopic bone, whereas those containing 2.5 μg of BMP-2 alone caused only partial filling. These results suggest that TGF-β1 enhances BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation by accelerating the growth of lump-like masses, and regulates osteoblast and osteoclast generation. Our findings may contribute to the development of a new treatment method for skeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tachi
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukasaki
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Yoshitomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamijo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002828:Choristoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1