title: emm typing, antibiotic resistance and PFGE analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes in Lebanon.
abstract: One hundred and three Streptococcus pyogenes isolates recovered mainly from streptococcal throat infections in Lebanon were characterized by emm and PFGE typing. Thirty-three emm types and subtypes were detected among the isolates. PFGE was more discriminatory as a typing method. The prevalent emm types were emm1 (12.6 %), emm22 (8.7 %), emm28 (7.7 %), emm88 (7.7 %) and emm4 (6.8 %) and all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and penicillin G. Ten per cent of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 3 % were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, showing the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype. The emm sequences and PFGE pattern database that were generated in this study will serve as a basis for information for long-term evolutionary and epidemiological studies of local S. pyogenes recovered not only in Lebanon, but also in neighbouring countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bahnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Fuad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hashwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Araj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokajian
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C014689:streptococcal M protein