Superficial thrombophlebitis: A new clinical manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with HIV infection.
Skin manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy may account for up to 50% of the clinical presentations in this syndrome. Viable or dying infective antigens, host antigens, tumoral antigens, and others may target immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. We describe a 26-year-old HIV-infected man who had started highly active antiretroviral therapy a few months earlier. He developed multiple linear nodules following the superficial veins in both legs. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a mostly septal panniculitis with features of superficial thrombophlebitis. We propose that superficial thrombophlebitis should be added to the list of clinical manifestations of this newly observed immune restoration disease.
Alcaraz
Inmaculada
I
Department of Dermatology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. ialcarazl@fjd.es
Revelles
Juan Maria
JM
Camacho
Diana
D
Haro
Rosario
R
Fernández-Aceñero
María Jesús
MJ
Fernández-Guerrero
Manuel
M
Requena
Luis
L
D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001706:Biopsy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015434:Panniculitis / Q000209:etiology; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology