title: Direct determination of trace cadmium in environmental samples by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
abstract: Cadmium is subject to significant Zr and Mo based oxide/hydroxide interferences in ICP-MS analysis of environmental samples. In this work, a dynamic reaction cell (DRC) technology was used to eliminate these metal oxide/hydroxide interferences. The potentially interfering ions (94)Zr(16)OH(+), (94)Mo(16)OH(+) and (95)Mo(16)O(+) on (111)Cd(+) were oxidized to higher oxides (94)ZrO(2)H(+)/(94)ZrO(3)H(+), (94)MoO(2)H(+)/(94)MoO(3)H(+), and (95)MoO(2)(+)/(95)MoO(3)(+) by O(2) as the reaction gas in DRC. Under the optimized O(2) flow rate (2.0 mLmin(-1)) and DRC rejection parameter q (Rpq, 0.75), the background signal was reduced by up to 100-fold at m/z 111 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ, 10σ) of 0.1 ngg(-1) was obtained. The proposed method was applied to direct analysis of trace Cd in a series of soil and sediment standard reference materials and the satisfactory results showed that it has great potential for the direct determination of trace or ultra-trace levels of cadmium in environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China. guowei012345@163.com
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shenghong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D010100:Oxygen