title: Development and preliminary validation of a meniscal symptom index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In diagnosing symptomatic meniscal tear, clinicians often query patients with a "checklist" of symptoms such as "popping" or "catching." There has been little research on the reliability or diagnostic value of these terms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed questions to elicit the presence of 11 checklist symptoms associated with meniscal tear and administered a survey with both "checklist" and expanded descriptions to study subjects. We examined the reliability of the checklist and expanded versions of each item. Validity was evaluated in relation to the clinical diagnosis of symptomatic meniscal tear, which consisted of the clinical impression of the treating orthopedic surgeon based upon physical examination, history, and magnetic resonance imaging. We developed a Meniscal Symptom Index, calculated as the sum of those expanded descriptive items that were independently associated with symptomatic meniscal tear in multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 300 individuals (mean±SD age 52±12 years, 67% women) completed the survey. One hundred twenty-one had symptomatic meniscal tear. Test-retest reliability was higher for expanded descriptions than for checklist items. The Meniscal Symptom Index consisted of 4 expanded items: localized pain, clicking, catching, and giving way. Among the subjects with none of these symptoms, 16% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2%, 30%) had symptomatic meniscal tear, whereas among those with all 4 symptoms, 76% (95% CI 63%, 88%) had symptomatic meniscal tear (P for trend = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should use expanded symptom definitions when querying patients about meniscal symptoms. A newly developed Meniscal Symptom Index holds promise as a diagnostic tool and merits further validation.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Nina_Niu@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Nina N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Losina
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries