title: Assessment and treatment of movement disorders in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. Orthopedic care depends on the appreciation and the identification of muscle tone abnormalities and how they affect growth and development of the child. Abnormal muscle tone is a common diagnostic feature of cerebral palsy and can include hypotonia or hypertonia. Hypertonia is the most frequent tone abnormality in children with cerebral palsy. This article reviews hypertonia and provides information on discriminating between spasticity, dystonia, and rigidity. Medication and neurosurgical options for the management of hypertonia are presented and compared.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Deon
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaebler-Spira
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents