title: Neural grafting in Parkinson's disease unraveling the mechanisms underlying graft-induced dyskinesia.
abstract: The development of neural transplantation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease has been compromised by a lack of functional efficacy and the appearance of transplant-induced motor side-effects in some patients. Since the first reports of these graft-induced dyskinesias (GID), and the realization of their impact on the progress of the field, a great deal of experimental work has been performed to determine the underlying cause(s) of this problematic side-effect. In this review we describe the clinical phenomenon of GID, explore the different representations of GID in rodent models, and examine the various hypotheses that have been postulated to be the cause. Based on the available clinical and preclinical data we outline strategies to avoid GID in future clinical trials using fetal cell transplants or cell preparations derived from stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, South Wales, UK. LaneEL@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Björklund
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dunnett
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016380:Brain Tissue Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012701:Serotonin