title: Late gadolinium enhancement of acute myocardial infarction in mice at 7T: cine-FLASH versus inversion recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate myocardial infarction (MI), late gadolinium (Gd) enhancement (LGE), cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is used as the current gold standard for the in vivo diagnosis in patients and preclinical studies. While inversion recovery (IR) fast gradient echo LGE imaging is the preferred technique at clinical field strengths it remains to be investigated which is the best sequence at higher field strength. We therefore compared the IR technique against cine fast low shot angle (cine-FLASH) for the quantification of MI size in mice at 7T in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five mice were used to optimize cine-FLASH and IR parameters. Nine mice were subsequently imaged with optimized parameters using both techniques 2-3 days after MI and ≈30 minutes post Gd injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in infarct size values was within 3.3% between the two CMRI techniques and within 7.5% of histological values by Bland-Altman analysis. Contrast-to-noise-ratio between infarcted and normal tissue as well as blood was higher for cine-FLASH with the additional benefit of a 2-time-fold shorter scan time than with the IR method. Furthermore, left ventricular function/volumes could be calculated from cine-FLASH images before as well as after Gd injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, cine-FLASH LGE MRI represents an attractive alternative to IR LGE MRI for infarct size assessment in mice at high field strengths because it provides similar accuracy while being more robust, faster, and less user dependent.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London, United Kingdom. andrea.protti@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Protti
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sirker
authors.forename: Ajay M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Botnar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium