title: CBT for pharmacotherapy non-remitters--a systematic review of a next-step strategy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-remission rates to pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders are related to higher relapse rates, decreased quality of life and greater functional impairment. Here we sought to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as a next-step strategy in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders who did not remit after a pharmacological intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a systematic review in the ISI, Pubmed and PsycINFO/PsychLit databases. Studies that did not use CBT and that did not focus on resistance to drug therapy were excluded. We considered resistant patients who failed to respond (did not fully remit) to an adequate trial of pharmacotherapy and still exhibited residual symptoms of anxiety disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 603 references in our survey, of which 17 were included: eight were on OCD, five on panic disorder, and four on PTSD. No studies were found on social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. We observed a lack of standardization of terminology and of definitions of resistance, which makes comparison of results difficult. Finally, all of the identified studies showed benefits from the addition of CBT as a next-step strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A limited number of randomized controlled studies were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT seems to be a promising next-step strategy for patients with anxiety disorders who did not remit with drug-based therapies. However, further clinical trials with strong methodological designs are needed to definitely establish its efficacy in this population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Brazil. helga_rodrigues@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendlowicz
authors.forename: Tânia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents