title: Critical review: assessment of interferon-β immunogenicity in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: This review discusses type I interferon (IFN) immunogenicity with focus on methods of detection of anti-IFN antibodies in patients treated with human recombinant IFN-&#x03B2;. Pitfalls involved in the clinical use of various types of assays for binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against IFN-&#x03B2; are presented, and the widely held distinction between binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies is questioned both in terms of detection and clinical importance. The article also addresses important bioavailability and pharmacokinetic issues occurring with prolonged use of protein drugs. The rationale for individualized or personalized medicine, ie, optimizing therapies according to individual needs rather than using standardized trial-and-error regimens to all patients, is highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Inflammation Research (IIR), Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. kben@dbmail.dk
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendtzen
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D001681:Biological Assay; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta