title: Numerically simulated cardiac exposure to electric current densities induced by TASER X-26 pulses in adult men.
abstract: There is still an ongoing debate whether or not electronic stun devices (ESDs) induce cardiac fibrillation. To assess the ventricular fibrillation risk of law enforcing electronic control devices, quantitative estimates of cardiac electric current densities induced by delivered electric pulses are essential. Numerical simulations were performed with the finite integration technique and the anatomical model of a standardized European man (NORMAN) segmented into 2 mm voxels and 35 different tissues. The load-dependent delivery of TASER X-26 pulses has been taken into account. Cardiac exposure to electric current densities of vertically and horizontally aligned dart electrodes was quantified and different hit scenarios compared. Since fibrillation thresholds critically depend on exposed volume, the provided quantitative data are essential for risk assessment. The maximum cardiac rms current densities amounted to 7730 A m(-2). Such high current densities and exposed cardiac volumes do not exclude ventricular fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Engineering with European Notified Body of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 18, A-8010 Graz, Austria. norbert.leitgeb@tugraz.at
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leitgeb
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niedermayr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006321:Heart; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic