title: Stem cells in sepsis and acute lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Critical illnesses continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent investigations show that stem cells may be beneficial as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies in these syndromes. This article reviews the use of stem cells in sepsis and acute lung injury as prognostic biomarkers and also as a potential for exogenous cell-based therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A directed search of the medical literature was done using PubMed and OVID to evaluate topics related to pathophysiology of sepsis and acute lung injury, in addition to the characterization and utilization of stem cells in these diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stem cells have shown significant promise in the field of critical care medicine both for prognostication and treatment strategies. Although recent studies have been done to describe the mechanistic pathways of stem cells in critical illness, further investigation is necessary to fully delineate the mechanisms behind a stem cell's immunomodulatory characteristics and its ability to mobilize and engraft in tissues.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. skomaku@emory.edu
authors.forename: Sushma K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cribbs
authors.forename: Greg S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D016638:Critical Illness; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013234:Stem Cells