title: Analysis of cell proliferation and pattern of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Cell proliferation markers play an important role in the biological behavior of neoplasms. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, Ki-67 and Cyclin B1 proteins based on the pattern of cell invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 39 OSCC specimens and 13 samples of normal oral mucosa (control) were immunohistochemically analyzed. Protein expression was evaluated according to World Health Organization - Histological Malignancy Grading (WHO-HMG) and a specific grading system for invasion, graded from 1 to 4, varying from a consistently well-defined "pushing" border to diffuse infiltration and cellular dissociation, and was then correlated with clinical features. We found higher expression of Ki-67 and Cyclin B1 in OSCC when compared with the control group. High Ki-67 expression levels were more commonly seen in the floor of the mouth than in the tongue (P = 0.009). Cyclin B1 showed a positive correlation with histological grade, according to WHO-HMG criteria (P = 0.01). Our results suggest that Cyclin B1 is a reliable proliferation marker for indicating degree of tumor proliferation. Correlations between PCNA, Ki-67, Cyclin B1 and invasive tumor front with overall survival were not observed. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate whether cell proliferation activity at the tumor invasion front is related to prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil.
authors.forename: Satiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Angélica F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Oton-Leite
authors.forename: Rita de C G
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Cláudio R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leles
authors.forename: Aline C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Elismauro F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mendonça
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D056744:Cyclin B1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D056744:Cyclin B1; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen