title: The impact of breastfeeding--translating recent evidence for practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent research is improving our understanding of how breastfeeding influences long term health and development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article summarises research published from 2004 to 2009 relating to breastfeeding of healthy full term infants to selected outcomes of public health relevance and community interest: intelligence quotient, anthropometry and cardiovascular health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence from a large cluster randomised trial shows breastfeeding is associated with higher intelligence quotient at 6 years of age. Breastfed infants initially grow more slowly than artificially fed infants, but anthropometrical differences do not persist into childhood, suggesting other factors may have a stronger influence on anthropometry. Observational studies indicate cholesterol and blood pressure are moderately lower in adults who were breastfed in infancy, although further research is needed to confirm causality and clarify the full extent of benefit. Support of breastfeeding by general practitioners is an important health promotion strategy as even modest health benefits may have important implications at a population level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Epidemiology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. lisa.smithers@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smithers
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002657:Child Development; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D011634:Public Health; D012196:Review Literature as Topic