title: Cross-reactivity of skin rashes with current antiepileptic drugs in Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to less experience with the cross-reactivity of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in Chinese population, we surveyed the rates of cross- reactivity of rash among commonly used AEDs in Chinese patients with epilepsy, particularly between the traditional and the new compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have retrospectively reviewed the medical records concerning all antiepileptic drug treatment in consecutive Chinese patients with epilepsy in our center. The incidence of AED-related rash was determined in 3793 outpatients, taking at least one of the AEDs-carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid (VPA), phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), clonazepam (CZP), oxcarbazepine (OXC), lamotrigine (LTG), gabapentin (GBP), topiramate (TPM), levetiracetam (LEV) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We have performed telephone interviews among all patients with AEDs-related rash. We described the clinical characteristics of the 18 patients with cross-reactivity involving the AEDs, and the cross- reactivity pattern for CBZ, PHT, OXC, and LTG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3.61% (137/3793) of patients experienced a skin rash to at least one AEDs, of these patients, 73 (53.28%) were female and 64 were males (46.72%). While 18 patients had a rash to two or more AEDs. Of patients who had a rash to CBZ and were also prescribed PHT (n = 17), 52.9% had a rash to PHT (abbreviated as CBZ → PHT: 52.9%); of patients who had a rash to PHT and were also prescribed CBZ (n = 13), rate of rash was 69.2% (i.e., PHT → CBZ: 69.2%). Other results: CBZ → LTG: 25% (n = 16); LTG → CBZ: 44.4% (n = 9); CBZ→ OXC: 40% (n = 10); OXC → CBZ: 66.7% (n = 6); LTG → PHT: 20% (n = 5); PHT → LTG: 16.7% (n = 6); OXC → LTG: 25% (n=4); LTG → OXC: 33.3% (n = 3); OXC → PHT: 25% (n = 4); PHT → OXC: 16.7% (n = 6). There was a highly significant mutual risk for cross- reactivity for CBZ and PHT, and OXC, and LTG (p<0.001), mutual risk reached statistical significance for LTG and CBZ (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-reactivity rates between certain AEDs are high, especially when involving carbamazepine and phenytoin. There were also too few patients with rash to reach definitely conclusions about possible cross-reactivity. Larger numbers of patients would be needed to assess this and the mechanism. Caution should be exercised when prescribing certain AEDs (especially CBZ and PHT, but also OXC, and LTG).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. bjxqwang@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xiang-qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sen-yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Xiao-bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hui-jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Rong-fei
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000009:adverse effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000009:adverse effects; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000009:adverse effects; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects; D010889:Piracetam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077236:Topiramate; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D014227:Triazines; C476610:oxcarbamazepine; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D002998:Clonazepam; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D000077206:Gabapentin; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D010634:Phenobarbital; D010889:Piracetam