title: Kidney transplantation from donors after cardiac death: a 25-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The shortage of organ donors presents a major obstacle for adequate treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease. Donation after cardiac death (DCD) has been shown to increase the number of kidneys available for transplantation. The present article reports on the first 25 years of our experience with DCD kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational cohort study included all DCD kidney transplantations recovered in our procurement area from January 1, 1981 until December 31, 2005 (n=297). Patients were followed up until the earliest of death or December 31, 2006. Clinical outcomes were compared with matched kidney transplantations from brain dead donors (DBD, n=594), using multivariable regression models to adjust for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DCD activity resulted in a 44% increase in the number of deceased donor kidneys from our organ procurement area. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds of primary nonfunction and delayed graft function were 7.5 (95% CI, 4.0-14.1; P<0.001) and 10.3 (95% CI, 6.7-15.9; P<0.001) times greater, respectively, for DCD kidneys compared with DBD kidneys. The high incidence of primary nonfunction of DCD kidneys resulted in an increased rate of graft loss (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.37-2.42; P<0.001). However, DCD kidneys that did not experience primary nonfunction functioned as long as DBD kidneys (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73-1.51; P=0.79). Patient survival of DCD and DBD kidney recipients was equivalent (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.87-1.54; P=0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefits of DCD kidney transplantation outweigh the increased risk of early graft loss. Expansion of the supply of DCD kidneys is likely to improve the treatment of wait-listed dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands. m.snoeijs@mumc.nl
authors.forename: Maarten G J
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Snoeijs
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winkens
authors.forename: Martin B A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
authors.forename: Andries J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoitsma
authors.forename: Maarten H L
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Christiaans
authors.forename: Wim A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Buurman
authors.forename: L W Ernest
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van Heurn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001926:Brain Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists