title: Validation and simplification of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis classification for glioblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of patients with malignant glioma (glioblastoma multiforme [GBM] and anaplastic astrocytoma [AA]) produced six prognostic groups (I-VI) classified by six factors. We sought here to determine whether the classification for GBM could be improved by using an updated Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) GBM database excluding AA and by considering additional baseline variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new analysis considered 42 baseline variables and 1,672 GBM patients from the expanded RTOG glioma database. Patients receiving radiation only were excluded such that all patients received radiation+carmustine. "Radiation dose received" was replaced with "radiation dose assigned." The new RPA models were compared with the original model by applying them to a test dataset comprising 488 patients from six other RTOG trials. Fitness of the original and new models was evaluated using explained variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The original RPA model explained more variations in survival in the test dataset than did the new models (20% vs. 15%) and was therefore chosen for further analysis. It was reduced by combining Classes V and VI to produce three prognostic classes (Classes III, IV, and V+VI), as Classes V and VI had indistinguishable survival in the test dataset. The simplified model did not further improve performance (explained variation 18% vs. 20%) but is easier to apply because it involves only four variables: age, performance status, extent of resection, and neurologic function. Applying this simplified model to the updated GBM database resulted in three distinct classes with median survival times of 17.1, 11.2, and 7.5 months for Classes III, IV, and V+VI, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final model, the simplified original RPA model combining Classes V and VI, resulted in three distinct prognostic groups defined by age, performance status, extent of resection, and neurologic function. This classification will be used in future RTOG GBM trials.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Meihua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Minhee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Minesh P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002330:Carmustine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003663:Decision Trees; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D002330:Carmustine