title: Microsurgical management of large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the complex topographic anatomical relationship between vascular, dural and bone structures, paraclinoid aneurysms, especially those of larger size, remain a great challenge for vascular neurosurgeons. We present our microneurosurgical experience of 51 consecutive patients with large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms to scrutinize our personal strategies related to surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with large or giant paraclinoid underwent micorneurosurgical aneurysm treatment. Operative strategies were planned according to preoperative state-of-the-art imaging studies, and a pterional-transsylvian approach was routinely used. Proximal control of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was achieved by exposure of the cervical portion of the vessel. Intraoperative electroencephalogram and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring, indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography and/or microvascular Doppler ultrasonography (MDU) were regularly used. A postoperative digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography was performed to verify the efficacy of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three large and giant paraclinoid aneurysm necks (84%) were directly clipped, seven unclippable aneurysms (14%) were trapped with extra-intracranial high-flow revascularization, and one aneurysm (2%) was treated with only ICA proximal Hunterian ligation. Two patients (4%) died in the early postoperative period. In 84% of the patients, the Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 4 or 5 at discharge. At the 6-month follow-up examination, the Rankin Outcome Scale score was 0-2 in 90% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temporary parent vessel occlusion, retrograde suction decompression, endoaneurysmectomy, parent vessel clip reconstruction, and bypass vascular anastomosis are essential techniques to treat complex paraclinoid aneurysms. The combined use of electrophysiological monitoring, MDU, intraoperative ICG videoangiography, and endoscopy can substantially improve microsurgical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China. shjwkk@sina.com
authors.forename: Bai-nan
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zheng-hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: Jin-li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ding-biao
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xin-guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernesniemi
authors.forename: Bao-min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome