title: Can complete tumor resection be predicted in advanced primary epithelial ovarian cancer? A systematic evaluation of 360 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative tumor-residual-mass is the most important prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Aim of our study was to define risk factors for incomplete tumor resection in advanced primary EOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validated intraoperative documentation tool ("Intraoperative-Mapping of Ovarian-Cancer" = "IMO") was applied to systematically evaluate intraabdominal tumor dissemination pattern, maximal tumor load, tumor residuals and operative morbidity for all EOC-patients who underwent primary surgery in our institution during 09/2000-08/2009. Univariate- and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors of incomplete tumor resection and operative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 360 consecutive EOC-patients of FIGO-stage-III/IV. In 221(61%) patients a complete tumor resection could be obtained. In 50(14%) patients tumor residuals were <0.5 cm. Sixty (17%) patients developed a major (14%) complication. Multivariate analysis identified intestinal resection (OR:2.0; 95%CI:1.14-3.4; p = 0.01) and macroscopical tumor residuals (OR:0.5; 95%CI:0.2-1.2; p = 0.05) as independent predictors of major operative morbidity. Tumor dissemination pattern and maximal tumor load were significantly different between tumor-free and not-tumor-free operated patients, with less extrapelvic tumor involvement in the tumor-free group (p < 0.001). More than 4 IMO-fields of tumor involvement (OR:3.3; 95%CI:1.5-7.0; p = 0.002) were identified to be of predictive significance for incomplete tumor resection. FIGO-stage, histology, age, CA125-levels, bowel resection and ascites did not affect optimal tumor resectability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor expanding in multiple (>4) abdominal quadrants was the major negative predictors for complete tumor resection in primary EOC-patients. Bowel resection and macroscopical tumor residuals were of predictive value for a higher operative major morbidity. Identifying high-risk patients for suboptimal tumor resection and operative complications may improve surgical outcome in advanced primary EOC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Charité, Campus Virchow Clinic, University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. chfotopoulou@gmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fotopoulou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Braicu
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lichtenegger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sehouli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors