title: Impact of plant extracts tested in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment on cell survival and energy metabolism in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: Plant extracts such as Hypericum perforatum and Pycnogenol have been tested as alternatives to the classical ADHD drugs. It has been possible to describe neuroprotective effects of such plant extracts. A reduction of ADHD symptoms could be shown in clinical studies after the application of Pycnogenol, which is a pine bark extract. The impacts of the standardized herbal extracts Hypericum perforatum, Pycnogenol and Enzogenol up to a concentration of 5000 ng/mL on cell survival and energy metabolism in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells has been investigated in the present examination. Hypericum perforatum significantly decreased the survival of cells after treatment with a concentration of 5000 ng/mL, whereas lower concentrations exerted no significant effects. Pycnogenol( induced a significant increase of cell survival after incubation with a concentration of 32.25 ng/mL and a concentration of 250 ng/mL. Other applied concentrations of Pycnogenol failed to exert significant effects. Treatment with Enzogenol did not lead to significant changes in cell survival.Concerning energy metabolism, the treatment of cells with a concentration of 5000 ng/mL Hypericum perforatum led to a significant increase of ATP levels, whereas treatment with a concentration of 500 ng/mL had no significant effect. Incubation of cells with Pycnogenol and Enzogenol exerted no significant effects.None of the tested substances caused any cytotoxic effect when used in therapeutically relevant concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas Johannes
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Jürgen-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Ulrich Michael
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Hemmeter
authors.forename: Tilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Hans-Willi
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heiser
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C551551:enzogenol; C024070:pycnogenols; D011794:Quercetin