title: Epigenetic regulation of retinoic acid receptor β2 gene in the initiation of breast cancer.
abstract: In order to investigate the methylation status of the retinoic acid receptor beta 2 gene (RAR-β2) in breast carcinoma in relation to gene expression and clinicopathological parameters of patients with breast cancer, expression of RAR-β2 gene and methylation status were analyzed in invasive carcinoma, atypical ductal hyperplasia, fibroadenoma specimens, and normal tissues. Our findings showed that RAR-β2 expression was lower in the breast cancer compared to normal tissue and fibroadenoma. The methylation rate of RAR-β2 in breast cancer and precancerous lesions of breast cancer were higher than that of normal tissues. Hypermethylation may be an initial step in breast carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Juntian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000232:Adenofibroma / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C540966:retinoic acid receptor, beta2, human