title: The constitutive production of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol participates in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
abstract: Endocannabinoids have recently emerged as instructive cues in the developing central nervous system, and, based on the expression of their receptors, we identified oligodendrocytes as potential targets of these molecules. Here, we show that the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα) and beta (DAGLβ), and degradation, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), can be found in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages. Moreover, cultured oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) express DAGLα and β abundantly, resulting in the stronger production of 2-AG than in differentiated oligodendrocytes. The opposite is observed with MAGL. CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists (SR141716 and AM630) impaired OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes and likewise, inhibiting DAGL activity with RHC-80267 or tetrahydrolipstatin also blocked oligodendrocyte maturation, an effect reversed by the addition of exogenous 2-AG. Likewise, 2-AG synthesis disruption using specific siRNAs against DAGLα and DAGLβ significantly reduced myelin protein expression in vitro, whereas a pharmacological gain-of-function approach by using cannabinoid agonists or MAGL inhibition had the opposite effects. ERK/MAPK pathway is implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation because PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1, abrogated oligodendrocyte maturation. The cannabinoid receptor antagonists and RHC-80267 all diminished basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation, effects that were partially reversed by the addition of 2-AG. Overall, our data suggest a novel role of endocannabinoids in oligodendrocyte differentiation such that constitutive release of 2-AG activates cannabinoid receptors in an autocrine/paracrine way in OPCs, stimulating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Unidad de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arevalo-Martin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia-Ovejero
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortega-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almazan
authors.forename: María Alejandra
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molina-Holgado
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Holgado
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005989:Glycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D008994:Monoacylglycerol Lipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; C469526:Cnr2 protein, rat; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D008994:Monoacylglycerol Lipases; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase