title: Pericardial fat loss in postmenopausal women under conditions of equal energy deficit.
abstract: Weight loss induced by caloric restriction (CR) or aerobic exercise can reduce pericardial fat, and these reductions may help improve cardiovascular health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether combining CR with aerobic exercise enhances pericardial fat loss compared with a CR-only intervention designed to elicit equivalent reductions in body weight. We also examined the relationship between changes in pericardial fat and changes in maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two abdominally obese postmenopausal women (mean age=58 yr; 78% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to one of three interventions of equal energy deficit (∼2800 kcal·wk) for 20 wk: CR only (n=8), CR + moderate-intensity exercise (n=15), or CR + vigorous-intensity exercise (n=9). The volume of pericardial fat around the coronary arteries was measured by computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the CR, CR + moderate-intensity, and CR + vigorous-intensity groups had similar baseline characteristics. The mean ± SD value for pericardial fat before weight loss was 79.07 ± 32.90 cm (range=34.04-152.74 cm), with no difference among groups (P=0.89). All three interventions significantly reduced body weight (15%), waist circumference (10%), and abdominal visceral fat (28%) to a similar degree. There was also a 17% reduction in pericardial fat (-12.75 ± 6.29 cm, P<0.0001), which did not differ among groups (P=0.84). Changes in pericardial fat were inversely correlated with changes in V˙O2max (r=-0.37, P=0.05), but not after adjusting for intervention group and change in body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss interventions of equal energy deficit have similar effects on pericardial fat in postmenopausal women, regardless of whether the energy deficit is due to CR alone or CR plus aerobic exercise.
authors.affiliation: Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. tbrinkle@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Tina E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Brinkley
authors.forename: Jingzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nicklas
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D009765:Obesity; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology