title: Biochemical recurrence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: analysis of 1384 patients with a median 5-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of data on long-term oncologic outcomes for patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer (PCa).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing RARP at a high-volume tertiary center, with a focus on 5-yr biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of 1384 consecutive patients with localized PCa who underwent RARP between September 2001 and May 2005 and had a median follow-up of 60.2 mo. No patient had secondary therapy until documented biochemical recurrence (BCR). BCR was defined as a serum prostate-specific antigen ≥ 0.2 ng/ml with a confirmatory value. BCRFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Event-time distributions for the time to failure were compared using the log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine variables predictive of BCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent RARP.
  
  
  METHODS
  BCRFS rates were measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cohort of patients had moderately aggressive PCa: 49.0% were D'Amico intermediate or high risk on biopsy; however, 60.9% had Gleason 7-10 disease, and 25.5% had ≥ T3 disease on final pathology. There were 189 incidences of BCR (31 per 1,000 person years of follow-up) at a median follow-up of 60.2 mo (interquartile range [IQR]: 37.2-69.7). The actuarial BCRFS was 95.1%, 90.6%, 86.6%, and 81.0% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 yr, respectively. In the patients who recurred, median time to BCR was 20.4 mo; 65% of BCR incidences occurred within 3 yr and 86.2% within 5 yr. On multivariable analysis, the strongest predictors of BCR were pathologic Gleason grade 8-10 (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99-9.65; p < 0.0001) and pathologic stage T3b/T4 (HR: 2.71; 95% CI, 1.67-4.40; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a contemporary cohort of patients with localized PCa, RARP confers effective 5-yr biochemical control.
authors.affiliation: Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Zhaoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Peabody
authors.forename: Craig G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sammon
authors.forename: Sameer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Mireya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen