title: Abnormal cardiac repolarization in anabolic androgenic steroid users carrying out submaximal exercise testing.
abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse by comparing the electrocardiographic parameters before and after submaximal exercise between AAS users and non-AAS users. 2. A total of 22 men who regularly engaged in both resistance and aerobic exercise at fitness academies volunteered for the study (control group: n = 11, age 25 ± 4 years; AAS group: n = 11, age 27 ± 5 years). All subjects were submitted to submaximal exercise testing using an Astrand-Rhyming protocol. Heart rate and electrocardiography parameters were measured at rest and at the third minute of the post-exercise recovery time. 3. AAS users presented higher QTc and QTd at rest (10% and 55%, respectively) and at the post-exercise period (17% and 43%, respectively), compared with control subjects. The maximal and minimum QTc interval of the AAS group was significantly prolonged at the post-exercise period (12% and 15%, respectively). The haemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The AAS group showed a lower heart rate recovery at the first minute after the test (P = 0.0001), and a higher exertion score (P < 0.0001) at a lower workload, compared with the control group. 4. Our results show that the QTc interval and dispersion are increased in individuals who abuse AAS, suggesting the presence of ventricular repolarization abnormalities that could potentially increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maior
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Roberto C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Denise P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Jose Hamilton M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013256:Steroids / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000728:Androgens; D013256:Steroids