title: Adenosine-induced cardiac arrest during intraoperative cerebral aneurysm rupture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm during surgical clipping may have devastating consequences. Should this happen all methods ought to be considered to stop the bleeding. A short-term cardiac arrest induced by adenosine could be a feasible method to help the surgeon. We present our experiences in the administration of adenosine during an intraoperative aneurysm rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of patients who underwent surgical clipping of a cerebral arterial aneurysm were reviewed from 2 university hospitals' operative database in the years 2003 to 2008. Patients were included in this study if adenosine had been administered during intraoperative rupture of an aneurysm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 16 of 1014 patients were identified with the use of adenosine during an intraoperative rupture of an aneurysm. All of the patients had sinus rhythm and normotension before the rupture of the aneurysm. Twelve patients were administered a single dose of adenosine and 4 multiple boluses for induction of cardiac arrest; the median (range) total dose was 12 (6-18) mg and 27 (18-87) mg, respectively. The clipping of the aneurysm and the recovery of circulation were uneventful in all cases. In a subgroup analysis according to patient outcome as alive/dead, the pre- and postoperative neurologic condition correlated with the outcome, whereas adenosine did not have any effect on the patient outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a case of a sudden aneurysm rupture, adenosine-induced circulatory arrest could be a safe option to facilitate clipping of an aneurysm. However, if adenosine is used, a very close collaboration between the surgeon and the anesthesiologist is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. teemu.luostarinen@hus.fi
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luostarinen
authors.forename: Riikka S K
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Takala
authors.forename: Tomi T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Niemi
authors.forename: Ari J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Katila
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernesniemi
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randell
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000241:Adenosine