title: Diode laser debonding of ceramic brackets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of debonding ceramic brackets with a diode laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types of ceramic brackets (monocrystalline and polycrystalline) were bonded to bovine maxillary central incisors. The diode laser was applied to brackets in the experimental groups for 3 seconds. Shear bond strength and thermal effects on the pulp chamber were assessed at 2 laser energy levels: 2 and 5 W per square centimeter. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant differences in shear bond strength values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diode laser was ineffective with polycrystalline brackets and effective with monocrystalline brackets in significantly (P <0.05) lowering the shear bond strength. There were no significant adhesive remnant index score differences between any groups tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diode laser use significantly decreased the debonding force required for monocrystalline brackets without increasing the pulp chamber temperature significantly. Diode lasers did not significantly decrease the debonding force required for polycrystalline brackets.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Boca Raton, Fla. Electronic address: paul@feldonortho.com.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Feldon
authors.affiliation: Director of biological research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Burch
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meister
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Naples, Fla.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000502:physiology*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT