title: Association of polymorphisms within the transforming growth factor-β1 gene with diabetic nephropathy and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The TGF-β gene participates in the development of chronic kidney disease. We investigated whether the 869 T > C, 915 G > C and -800 G > A polymorphisms of TGF-β1 are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms were genotyped in 439 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 233 with diabetic nephropathy (DN+) and 206 without (DN-). The sample was characterized for relevant clinical and biochemical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 869 T > C (P = 0.016; odds ratio (OR) = 1.818, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.128-2.930) and the 915 G > C polymorphisms (P = 0.008, OR = 4.073, 95% CI = 1.355-12.249) were associated with diabetic nephropathy. The 869 T > C variant was associated with total cholesterol levels: CC + CT genotypes had a mean cholesterol concentration of 5.62 ± 1.40 mmol/L vs a mean concentration of 5.15 ± 1.40 mmol/L for the TT genotype (P = 0.011). Triglycerides were also higher in CC + CT genotypes (2.49 ± 1.56 mmol/L) in comparison with TT homozygotes (2.1 ± 1.22 mmol/L, P = 0.042). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the polymorphisms 869 T > C and 915 G > C were independent predictors for DN (P = 0.049 and 0.046, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 869 T > C and 915 G > C polymorphisms within the TGF-β1 gene were associated with DN+. Lower cholesterol and triglycerides levels were observed in TT homozygotes for the 869 T > C polymorphism. The TGF-β1 869 T allele seems to confer protection against DN+.
authors.affiliation: Siglo XXI National Medical Centre, Dr Carlos McGregor Sánchez Regional General Hospital, IMSS, México D.F., Mexico. adanval@gmail.com
authors.forename: Adán
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valladares-Salgado
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angeles-Martínez
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Mena
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Utrera-Barillas
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez-Díaz
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escobedo-de la Peña
authors.forename: Esteban J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008800:Mexico; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol