title: Oxidation of a cyclometalated Pd(II) dimer with "CF3+": formation and reactivity of a catalytically competent monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex.
abstract: The reaction of [(bzq)Pd(OAc)](2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline) with "CF(3)(+)" reagents to afford the monomeric Pd(IV) aquo complex (bzq)Pd(CF(3))(OAc)(2)(OH(2)) is demonstrated. Heating this Pd(IV) adduct at 60 °C for 12 h leads to highly chemoselective aryl-CF(3) bond-forming reductive elimination. The rate and yield of this transformation are both significantly enhanced by the addition of Brønsted and Lewis acidic additives. The mechanism of C-CF(3) bond formation from (bzq)Pd(CF(3))(OAc)(2)(OH(2)) has been studied, and the major pathway is proposed to involve pre-equilibrium acetate dissociation followed by C-CF(3) coupling. Finally, this monomeric Pd(IV) complex is shown to be a kinetically competent intermediate for C-H trifluoromethylation with "CF(3)(+)" reagents. Collectively, these studies provide valuable insights about the speciation, nuclearity, and reactivity of Pd intermediates in catalytic C-H trifluoromethylation reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Yingda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Jeff W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kampf
authors.forename: Melanie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sanford
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D019281:Dimerization; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010165:Palladium