title: Simultaneous separation and confirmation of amphetamine and related drugs in equine plasma by non-aqueous capillary-electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (NACE-MS) method was developed for simultaneous separation and identification of 12 amphetamine and related compounds in equine plasma. Analytes were recovered from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). A bare fused-silica capillary was used for separation of the analytes. Addition of sheath liquid to the capillary effluent allowed the detection of the analytes by positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using full scan data acquisition. The limit of detection (LOD) for the target analytes was 10-200 ng/mL and that of confirmation (LOC) was 50-1000 ng/mL in equine plasma. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) parameters were optimized for full CE separation and MS detection of the analytes. Separation buffer comprised 25 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile/methanol (20: 80, v/v) plus 1 M formic acid. Sheath liquid was isopropanol-water-formic acid (50:50:0.5, v/v/v). Samples were hydrodynamically injected and separated at 25 kV. Analytes were electrokinetically separated and mass spectrometrically identified and confirmed. This simple, fast, inexpensive and reproducible method was successfully applied to post race equine plasma and research samples in screening for amphetamine and related drugs.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center Campus, Department of Clinical Studies, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Uboh
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kahler
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Judy
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D000661:Amphetamine