title: Myogenin and class II HDACs control neurogenic muscle atrophy by inducing E3 ubiquitin ligases.
abstract: Maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function requires innervation by motor neurons, such that denervation causes muscle atrophy. We show that myogenin, an essential regulator of muscle development, controls neurogenic atrophy. Myogenin is upregulated in skeletal muscle following denervation and regulates expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and atrogin-1, which promote muscle proteolysis and atrophy. Deletion of myogenin from adult mice diminishes expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in denervated muscle and confers resistance to atrophy. Mice lacking histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5 in skeletal muscle fail to upregulate myogenin and also preserve muscle mass following denervation. Conversely, forced expression of myogenin in skeletal muscle of HDAC mutant mice restores muscle atrophy following denervation. Thus, myogenin plays a dual role as both a regulator of muscle development and an inducer of neurogenic atrophy. These findings reveal a specific pathway for muscle wasting and potential therapeutic targets for this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moresi
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Jesse M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Potthoff
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McAnally
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Backs
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bassel-Duby
authors.forename: Eric N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology*; D018008:Myogenin / Q000378:metabolism*; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018008:Myogenin; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C486691:Fbxo32 protein, mouse; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; C499084:Trim63 protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C498618:Hdac5 protein, mouse; D006655:Histone Deacetylases