title: Functional promoter polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in peptic ulcer diseases.
abstract: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key proinflammatory mediator, which plays a pivotal role in inflammatory and immune diseases. We attempted to clarify the association of functional polymorphisms of MIF gene promoter with the development of gastro-duodenal ulcer. The study was performed in 471 stocked DNAs obtained from the subjects, including 93 healthy volunteers, with no evidence of gastric malignancy. We employed the PCR-SSCP method to detect gene polymorphisms. In all 471 DNAs, 92 and 43 were obtained from gastric and duodenal ulcer patients, respectively. By an unadjusted analysis, infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), male gender and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID/aspirin) use were significantly associated with a risk for developing a gastric ulcer, whereas MIF promoter polymorphisms were not. On the other hand, infection with H. pylori, male gender and 7-CATT repeat at position -794 were significantly associated with the development of a duodenal ulcer, whereas NSAID/ aspirin use was not. By the analysis after adjustment for age, gender, NSAID/aspirin use and H. pylori infection status, 7/7-CATT homozygote had a significantly increased risk for the development of duodenal ulcers (OR, 6.31; 95% CI, 1.50-26.6; p=0.012). No factors were significantly associated with the development of peptic ulcers in NSAID/aspirin users. Our results suggested that tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism of MIF gene promoter might be associated with the development of duodenal ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisakazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiroeda
authors.forename: Tomomitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Ranji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchishima
authors.forename: Mikihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Tomiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arisawa
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human