Knowledge, attitudes and barriers towards prevention of pressure ulcers in intensive care units: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Pressure ulcer incidence varies between 1 and 56% in intensive care and prevention is an important quest for nursing staff. Critically ill patients that develop pressure ulcers suffer from increased morbidity and mortality and also requires prolonged intensive care.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate registered nurses' and enrolled nurses' (1) attitudes, (2) knowledge and (3) perceived barriers and opportunities towards pressure ulcer prevention, in an ICU setting. These are important aspects in the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a conceptual framework when trying to predict, understand and change specific behaviours.


METHODS
The study is descriptive. Questionnaires were distributed to registered nurses and enrolled nurses in four ICUs in a Swedish hospital.


RESULTS
The mean score regarding attitude was 34 ± 4. Correct categorisation of pressure ulcers was made by 46.8% of nursing staff with enrolled nurses having significantly less correct categorisation (p=0.019). Pressure relief (97.3%) and nutritional support (36.1%) were the most frequently reported preventive measures. Reported barriers were lack of time (57.8%) and severely ill patients (28.9%); opportunities were knowledge (38%) and access to pressure relieving equipment (35.5%).


CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights areas where measures can be made to facilitate pressure ulcer prevention in intensive care units, such as raising knowledge and making pressure ulcer prevention a part of daily care.
Strand
Tillan
T
Department of NeuroSurgery, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. tillan.strand@gmail.com
Lindgren
Margareta
M
D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009738:Nursing Service, Hospital; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires