title: Raman spectroscopic investigations on natural samples from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311: indications for heterogeneous compositions in hydrate crystals.
abstract: Natural gas hydrates usually are found in the form of structure I, encasing predominantly methane in the hydrate lattices as guest molecules, sometimes also minor amount of higher hydrocarbons, CO2 or H2S. Raman spectroscopy is an approved tool to determine the composition of the hydrate phase. Thus, in this study Raman spectroscopic analyses have been applied to hydrate samples obtained from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311 in two different approaches: studying the samples randomly taken from the hydrate core, and--as a new application--mapping small areas on the surface of clear hydrate crystals. The results obtained imply that the gas composition of hydrate, in terms of relative concentrations of CH4 and H2S, is not homogeneous over a core or even within a crystal. The mapping method yielded results with very high lateral resolution, indicating the coexistence of different phases with the same structure but different compositions within a hydrate crystal.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. schick@gfz-potsdam.de
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schicks
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ziemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ripmeester
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002617:Chemical Industry; D003460:Crystallization; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008697:Methane