Dietary exposure of rainbow trout to 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamide: Uptake, transformation and elimination.
The bioaccumulation of perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and two fluorotelomer alcohols (8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH) by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through dietary exposure, including depuration rates and metabolism was investigated. Concentrations in the spiked feed ranged from 10.9 μg g⁻¹ wet weight (wet wt) for PFOSA and 6.7 μg g⁻¹ wet wt for 8:2 FTOH to 5.0 μg g⁻¹ wet wt for 10:2 FTOH. Trout was fed at 1.5% body weight per day for 30 d and depuration was followed for up to 30 d following previously published dietary exposure protocols. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was the major perfluoroalkylsulfonate (PFSA) detected in fish following dietary exposure to PFOSA. Half-lives of PFOS and PFOSA were 16.9 ± 2.5 and 6.0 ± 0.4 d, respectively. A biomagnification factor (BMF) of 0.023 was calculated for PFOSA which indicates that dietary exposure to PFOSA does not result in biomagnification in the rainbow trout. PFOS had a BMF of 0.08. The fluorotelomer saturated acids (8:2 FTCA, 10:2 FTCA) and fluorotelomer unsaturated acids (8:2 FTUCA, 10:2 FTUCA) were the major products detected in rainbow trout following dietary exposure to 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH, respectively. Half-lives were 3.7 ± 0.4, 2.1 ± 0.5, 3.3, and 1.3 d for 10:2 FTCA, 10:2 FTUCA, 8:2 FTCA, and 8:2 FTUCA, respectively. Small amounts of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) were also detected in the FTOH exposed fish.
Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sicco H
SH
Brandsma
Marla
M
Smithwick
Keith
K
Solomon
Jeff
J
Small
Jacob
J
de Boer
Derek C G
DC
Muir
D000438:Alcohols / Q000378:metabolism; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
D000438:Alcohols; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C063900:perfluorooctanesulfonamide; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid