New approaches to design HIV-1 T-cell vaccines.
OBJECTIVE
Following the evidence that T-cell responses are crucial in the control of HIV-1 infection, vaccines targeting T-cell responses were tested in recent clinical trials. However, these vaccines showed a lack of efficacy. This review attempts to define the qualitative and quantitative features that are desirable for T-cell-induced responses by vaccines. We also describe strategies that could lead to achievement of this goal.


RESULTS
Using the yellow fever vaccine as a benchmark of an efficient vaccine, recent studies identified factors of immune protection and more importantly innate immune pathways needed for the establishment of long-term protective adaptive immunity.


CONCLUSIONS
To prevent or control HIV-1 infection, a vaccine must induce efficient and persistent antigen-specific T cells endowed with mucosal homing capacity. Such cells should have the capability to counteract HIV-1 diversity and its rapid spread from the initial site of infection. To achieve this goal, the activation of a diversified innate immune response is critical. New systems biology approaches will provide more precise correlates of immune protection that will pave the way for new approaches in T-cell-based vaccines.
Perrin
Hélène
H
Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA.
Canderan
Glenda
G
Sékaly
Rafick-Pierre
RP
Trautmann
Lydie
L
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D016915:AIDS Vaccines