Germline variation in the MTHFR and MTRR genes determines the nadir of bone density in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective study.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to identify folate-metabolism-related genetic risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) during/after pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment.


METHODS
We investigated the influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR 66A > G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on total body BMD (BMD(TB)) and lumbar spine BMD (BMD(LS)) in 83 patients. Homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 were determined. BMD was measured repeatedly using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in patients ≥ 4 years (n = 68).


RESULTS
Carriers of the MTHFR 677 T-allele showed a lower baseline BMD(TB) than non-carriers (-0.38 SDS vs. +0.55 SDS, p = 0.01) and BMD(TB) remained lower during/after treatment. MTHFR 677C>T did not influence treatment-related loss of BMD(TB) (p = 0.39). The MTRR 66 G-allele carriers showed a trend towards a lower BMD(TB) compared with non-carriers. Combining these two SNPs, patients carrying ≥ 2 risk alleles had a significantly lower BMD(TB) (-1.40 SDS) than patients with one (-0.80 SDS) or no risk alleles (-0.31 SDS). Although carriers of the MTHFR 1298A > C had higher homocysteine levels, this SNP was not related to BMD(TB). BMD(LS) of carriers was similar to non-carriers of the investigated SNPs.


CONCLUSIONS
The MTHFR 677C>T SNP and the MTRR 66A >G SNP were identified as determinants of impaired BMD(TB) in childhood ALL patients.
te Winkel
M L
ML
Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
de Muinck Keizer-Schrama
S M P F
SM
de Jonge
R
R
van Beek
R D
RD
van der Sluis
I M
IM
Hop
W C J
WC
Pieters
R
R
van den Heuvel-Eibrink
M M
MM
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000235:genetics*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000378:metabolism
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; C111241:methionine synthase reductase; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D014805:Vitamin B 12