Genetically modified dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: a better tomorrow?
BACKGROUND
Dendritic cells (DC) are powerful antigen-presenting cells that induce and maintain primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses directed against tumor antigens. Consequently, there has been much interest in their application as antitumor vaccines.


METHODS
A large number of DC-based vaccine trials targeting a variety of cancers have been conducted; however, the rate of reported clinically significant responses remains low. Modification of DC to express tumor antigens or immunostimulatory molecules through the transfer of genes or mRNA transfection offers a logical alternative with potential advantages over peptide- or protein antigen-loaded DC. In this article, we review the current results and future prospects for genetically modified DC vaccines for the treatment of cancer.


RESULTS
Genetically-modified dendritic cell-based vaccines represent a powerful tool for cancer therapy. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of dendritic cell vaccines alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities.


CONCLUSIONS
Genetically modified DC-based anti-cancer vaccination holds promise, perhaps being best employed in the adjuvant setting with minimal residual disease after primary therapy, or in combination with other antitumor or immune-enhancing therapies.
Shurin
Michael R
MR
Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Gregory
Melissa
M
Morris
John C
JC
Malyguine
Anatoli M
AM
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D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm