Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of orbifloxacin in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) following oral and intravenous administration.
The pharmacokinetics of single-dose administration of orbifloxacin were determined in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) at dosages of 5 mg/kg intravenous (i.v. n = 12) and 7.5 mg/kg oral (p.o.; n = 5), 10 mg/kg p.o. (n = 5), 15 mg/kg p.o. (n = 12) and 20 mg/kg p.o. (n = 5) via HPLC. Orbifloxacin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against 22 microbial isolates from various bird species were performed to calculate pharmacodynamic surrogate markers. The concentration-time data were analyzed using a naïve pooled data (NPD) approach and compartmental and noncompartmental methods. Steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl) after i.v. administration were estimated to be 1.27 L/kg and 0.60 L/h·kg, respectively. Following 15 and 20 mg/kg p.o. dose, bioavailability was 102% and 117%, respectively. The harmonic mean of the corresponding terminal half-lives (T(1/2) λ(z) ) across all the dose groups was 1.71 h. The C(max) /MIC(90) and AUC(0∞24) /MIC(90) for the 15 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses were ≥5.22 and ≥8.98, and ≥25.80 and ≥39.37 h, respectively. The results of this study suggest that 20 mg/kg orbifloxacin p.o. would be a rational daily dose to treat susceptible infections in Japanese quail not intended for food consumption. For more sensitive bacterial organisms, 15 mg/kg p.o. may also be effective.
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. mghawkins@ucdavis.edu
M G
MG
Hawkins
I T
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Taylor
B A
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Byrne
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Armstrong
L A
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Tell
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D003370:Coturnix / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000187:drug effects; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C095163:orbifloxacin