Temporal resolution of solid-phase microextraction: measurement of real-time concentrations within a dynamic system.
To address the challenge of measuring real-time analyte concentrations within dynamic systems, the temporal resolution of the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) approach has been investigated. A mass-uptake model for SPME within a dynamic system was developed and validated, with experimental factors affecting the temporal resolution (sampling time, agitation, SPME fiber dimensions, sample concentration and change rate, and instrument sensitivity) characterized. Calibration methods for time-resolved sampling in a dynamic system were compared. To demonstrate the efficacy of time-resolved SPME, this approach was successfully applied to investigate the binding kinetics between plasma proteins and pharmaceuticals, which verified a decrease in free pharmaceutical concentrations over time in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The current study provides the theoretical and logistical framework for applying SPME to the real-time measurement of dynamic systems, facilitating future SPME applications such as in vivo metabolomic studies.
Zhang
Xu
X
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Oakes
Ken D
KD
Luong
Di
D
Wen
John Z
JZ
Metcalfe
Chris D
CD
Pawliszyn
Janusz
J
Servos
Mark R
MR
D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002220:Carbamazepine