Viral hepatitis: human genes that limit infection.
Treatment response and susceptibility to chronic viral hepatitis C and B may be modified by host genetic factors. The majority of genetic variants that confer a significant risk have been localized in genes involved in immune response. However, many findings could not be replicated and almost none of the identified risk factors had a noticeable impact on clinical decisions. In contrast, recent findings in independent large genome wide association studies confirmed genetic variants in the interferon gamma gene locus as strong predictors of outcome with outstanding clinical relevance. This review gives an overview on significant genetic susceptibility factors for susceptibility and treatment outcome in chronic viral hepatitis C and B that have been identified by the classical candidate gene approach and genome wide studies and also highlights some recent findings on genetic factors for common adverse drug reactions.
Medical Department II, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstr. 1, 66421 Homburg, Germany. frank.gruenhage@uks.eu
Frank
F
Grünhage
Jacob
J
Nattermann
D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000502:physiology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007378:Interleukins; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha