Chronic uremia stimulates LDL carbamylation and atherosclerosis.
Carbamylated LDL (cLDL) is a potential atherogenic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether elevated plasma cLDL associates with atherosclerosis in vivo is unknown. Here, we induced CKD surgically in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat diet to promote the development of atherosclerosis. These mice had two- to threefold higher plasma levels of both oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and cLDL compared with control mice. Oral administration of urea increased cLDL approximately eightfold in ApoE(-/-) mice subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and a high-fat diet, but oxLDL did not rise. Regardless of the model, the uremic mice with high plasma cLDL had more severe atherosclerosis as measured by intravital ultrasound echography and en face aortic staining of lipid deposits. Furthermore, cLDL accumulated in the aortic wall and colocalized with ICAM-1 and macrophage infiltration. In summary, these data demonstrate that elevated plasma cLDL may represent an independent risk factor for uremia-induced atherosclerosis.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. apostolovyevgeniyo@uams.edu
Eugene O
EO
Apostolov
Debarti
D
Ray
Alena V
AV
Savenka
Sudhir V
SV
Shah
Alexei G
AG
Basnakian
D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*
D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C039916:carbamyl-LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014508:Urea