Comparison of the FreeHand® robotic camera holder with human assistants during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy.
OBJECTIVE
• To assess, in a prospective randomized study, the efficiency of the FreeHand® (Prosurgics Ltd, Bracknell, UK) compared to manual camera control during the performance of endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE).


METHODS
• Three surgeons performed 50 EERPE for localized prostate cancer. In group A (n= 25), procedures were performed with manual control of the camera by the assistant, whereas group B (n= 25) patients were treated with the assistance of the FreeHand® robotic device. • The EERPE procedure was divided into several steps. • Total operation duration, time for each surgical step, number of camera movements, number of movement errors, number of times the lens was cleaned, blood loss and margin status were compared.


RESULTS
• No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of patient age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, positive cores and prostate volume. • The average operation duration required for the performance of each step did not differ significantly between the two groups. • Significant differences in favour of the FreeHand® camera holder were observed in case of horizontal and zooming camera movement, camera cleaning and camera errors. • Vertical camera movements were performed significantly faster by the human assistant compared to the robotic camera holder. • The average total operation duration was similar for both groups. • Positive surgical margins were detected in one patient in each group (4% of the patients).


CONCLUSIONS
• A comparison of the FreeHand® robotic camera holder with human camera control during EERPE showed a similar time requirement for the performance of each step of the procedure. • The robotic system provided accurate and fast movements of the camera without compromising the outcome of the procedure.
Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Jens-Uwe
JU
Stolzenburg
Toni
T
Franz
Panagiotis
P
Kallidonis
Do
D
Minh
Anja
A
Dietel
James
J
Hicks
Martin
M
Nicolaus
Abdulrahman
A
Al-Aown
Evangelos
E
Liatsikos
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome