Variety in vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
Recent research does not show an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and bladder cancer risk. None of these studies investigated variety in fruit and vegetable consumption, which may capture different aspects of consumption. We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with bladder cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Detailed data on food consumption and complete follow-up for cancer incidence were available for 452,185 participants, who were recruited from ten European countries. After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 874 participants were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDSs) were used to quantify the variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of the DDSs on bladder cancer risk. There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between bladder cancer risk and any of the DDSs when these scores were considered as continuous covariates. However, the hazard ratio (HR) for the highest tertile of the DDS for combined fruit and vegetable consumption was marginally significant compared to the lowest (HR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.69, p-trend = 0.05). In EPIC, there is no clear association between a varied fruit and vegetable consumption and bladder cancer risk. This finding provides further evidence for the absence of any strong association between fruit and vegetable consumption as measured by a food frequency questionnaire and bladder cancer risk.
Büchner
Frederike L
FL
The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. frederike.buchner@rivm.nl
Bueno-de-Mesquita
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Ros
Martine M
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Kampman
Ellen
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Egevad
Lars
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Overvad
Kim
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Tjønneland
Anne
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Roswall
Nina
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Clavel-Chapelon
Françoise
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Boutron-Ruault
Marie-Christine
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Touillaud
Marina
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Kaaks
Rudolf
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Chang-Claude
Jenny
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Boeing
Heiner
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Weikert
Steffen
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Trichopoulou
Antonia
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Naska
Ada
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Benetou
Vicky
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Palli
Domenico
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Sieri
Sabina
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Vineis
Paolo
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Tumino
Rosario
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Panico
Salvatore
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van Duijnhoven
Fränzel J B
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Peeters
Petra H M
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van Gils
Carla H
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Lund
Eiliv
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Gram
Inger T
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Sánchez
Maria-José
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Jakszyn
Paula
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Larrañaga
Nerea
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Ardanaz
Eva
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Navarro
Carmen
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Rodríguez
Laudina
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Manjer
Jonas
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Ehrnström
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Hallmans
Göran
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Ljungberg
Börje
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Key
Tim J
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Allen
Naomi E
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Khaw
Kay-Tee
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Wareham
Nicholas
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Slimani
Nadia
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Jenab
Mazda
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Boffetta
Paolo
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Kiemeney
Lambertus A L M
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Riboli
Elio
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D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014675:Vegetables