Lessons learned from a pharmacy practice model change at an academic medical center.
OBJECTIVE
The development and implementation of a new pharmacy practice model at an academic medical center are described.


CONCLUSIONS
Before the model change, decentralized pharmacists responsible for order entry and verification and clinical specialists were both present on the care units. Staff pharmacists were responsible for medication distribution and sterile product preparation. The decentralized pharmacists handling orders were not able to use their clinical training, the practice model was inefficient, and few clinical services were available during evenings and weekends. A task force representing all pharmacy department roles developed a process and guiding principles for the model change, collected data, and decided on a model. Teams consisting of decentralized pharmacists, decentralized pharmacy technicians, and team leaders now work together to meet patients' pharmacy needs and further departmental safety, quality, and cost-saving goals. Decentralized service hours have been expanded through operational efficiencies, including use of automation (e.g., computerized provider order entry, wireless computers on wheels used during rounds with physician teams). Nine clinical specialist positions were replaced by five team leader positions and four pharmacists functioning in decentralized roles. Additional staff pharmacist positions were shifted into decentralized roles, and the hospital was divided into areas served by teams including five to eight pharmacists. Technicians are directly responsible for medication distribution. No individual's job was eliminated.


CONCLUSIONS
The new practice model allowed better alignment of staff with departmental goals, expanded pharmacy hours and services, more efficient medication distribution, improved employee engagement, and a staff succession plan.
University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. sknoer1@fairview.org
Scott J
SJ
Knoer
John D
JD
Pastor
Pamela K
PK
Phelps
D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D026683:Advisory Committees; D006754:Hospital Restructuring / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010559:Personnel Management / Q000191:economics; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011364:Professional Practice; D016730:Program Development; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce