Emerging sublingual immunotherapy drugs.
BACKGROUND
There is epidemiological evidence that respiratory allergy has reached epidemic proportions; owing to the related socio-economic impact, this topic deserves particular attention. An integrated approach involving pharmacotherapy and the immunomodulatory effect of immunotherapy is expected to optimize the management of respiratory allergy, reducing its clinical and economic burdens. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has gained increasing interest for its efficacy comparable to traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy and its good safety profile.


METHODS
A review of the up-to-date state of the art concerning the key aspects of SLIT is provided; the critical issues are discussed in the light of the comprehensive revision of the recent World Allergy Organization position paper and the subsequent literature, paying particular attention to efficacy, safety, additional effects, adherence and clinical developments.


RESULTS
The overview of current certainties and concerns, related to the use of SLIT, allows the reader's insight into the future directions of research and clinical applications of SLIT, aimed at covering current unmet needs.


CONCLUSIONS
A large amount of experimental evidence sustains the use of SLIT, though some aspects still need to be clarified to provide clear, evidence-based recommendations. Unmet needs represent the basis for future research, while clinical hypotheses would open the search for new indications and modalities.
Compalati
Enrico
E
University of Genoa, Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Italy. enrico.compalati@unige.it
Rogkakou
Anthi
A
Villa
Elisa
E
Passalacqua
Giovanni
G
Canonica
Giorgio Walter
GW
D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D055118:Medication Adherence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*