Enamel hypoplasia in the primary dentition of monozygotic and dizygotic twins compared with singleton controls.
BACKGROUND
The study of enamel hypoplasia (EH) and opacity in twins provides insights into the contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the expression of enamel defects.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined prevalence and site concordance of EH and opacity in the primary dentition of 2- to 4-year-old twins and singleton controls to assess the relative contribution of genetics and the environment to the aetiology of these defects.


METHODS
The study sample consisted of 88 twin children and 40 singletons aged 2-4 years of age. Medical histories were obtained and the children examined for enamel defects.


RESULTS
The prevalence of EH by teeth was 21% in monozygotic twins (MZ), 22% in dizygotic twins (DZ), and 15% in singleton controls. Twins showed a higher prevalence of EH compared with singletons (P < 0.05). Factors contributing to increase EH in twins were neonatal complications including intubation. There were no significant differences in site concordance of EH within the MZ twin pairs compared with DZ twin pairs when only presence of EH was considered, whereas a greater concordance was noted between MZ twin pairs compared with DZ twin pairs when both presence and absence of EH were considered.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to observed variation of EH, although it is likely that environmental factors exert a greater influence.
Paediatric Dentistry Program, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sue S
SS
Taji
W Kim
WK
Seow
Grant C
GC
Townsend
Trevor
T
Holcombe
D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic