Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of lonafarnib, SCH 66336, using a 2-week on, 2-week off schedule in patients with advanced solid tumors.
OBJECTIVE
This phase I study was performed to determine the safety profile, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and biological activity of lonafarnib (SCH 66336). Single-dose and multi-dose pharmacokinetics were conducted.


METHODS
Twenty-one patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. Each patient received single-dose administration on day 1, cycle 1 then switched to a twice daily (BID) dosing regimen on days 2-14 of a 28-day cycle; subsequent cycles continued BID dosing on days 1-14. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed during the cycle one; toxicity evaluation was closely monitored throughout the treatment. Radiographic scans were completed to assess tumor response. Blood and urine pharmacokinetics were evaluated on days 1 and 14 in cycle 1. SCH 66336- induced farnesylation inhibition was assessed via conversion of prelamin A to lamin in buccal mucosa.


RESULTS
DLT and most common adverse events were diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and anorexia. No grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities were observed. Nineteen of 21 patients were evaluable for response; short-term stable disease was observed in 5 patients. SCH 66336 systemic exposure increased with dose; however, drug accumulation was higher than projected. Renal excretion of parent drug was negligible. Farnesyl transferase inhibition was detected at the 200 and 300 mg BID doses.


CONCLUSIONS
The MTD and recommended phase II dose is 200 mg BID on days 1-14 of a 28-day dosing regimen. The plasma concentration profile suggests the pharmacokinetics of SCH 66336 is dose and time dependent. Farnesyl transferase target inhibition was observed at doses of lonafarnib recommended for further study.
Castaneda
Carlos
C
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru.
Meadows
Kellen L
KL
Truax
Roxanne
R
Morse
Michael A
MA
Kaufmann
Scott H
SH
Petros
William P
WP
Zhu
Yali
Y
Statkevich
Paul
P
Cutler
David L
DL
Hurwitz
Herbert I
HI
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes
D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D034904:Lamin Type A; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010880:Piperidines; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011725:Pyridines; C090764:prelamin A; C064911:p21(ras) farnesyl-protein transferase; C115354:lonafarnib; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes