[Liver transplantation and pregnancy].
Patients with liver failure have menstrual cycle irregularities or amenorrhea. Liver transplantation restores menstrual pattern among women with cirrhosis in childbearing years. It is now accepted that a planned pregnancy is possible among liver transplant recipients at least 1 year after liver transplantation, with stable allograft function and under immunosuppressive regimens, to minimize the risks of preterm delivery and pregnancy-induced hypertension. After 1 year, the risk of graft loss decreases and is not related to pregnancy. It is a high-risk pregnancy which requires a specific and regular multidisciplinary joint follow-up (obstetrician, hepatologist, and anaesthesiologist), which leads in most cases to successful outcome for mother and child. But, early prevention and multidisciplinary management of the most common complications (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction) is essential. The prematurity rate, maternal morbidity and mortality are higher than in the general population. Usual immunosuppressive treatments (corticoids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil) may require dose adaptation during pregnancy. Immunosuppressive drugs are not teratogenic, but breast feeding is not allowed.
Revaux
Aurélie
A
Université Paris VII, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital Beaujon, service de gynécologie obstétrique, 92110 Clichy, France.
Bernuau
Jacques
J
Ceccaldi
Pierre-François
PF
Luton
Dominique
D
Ducarme
Guillaume
G
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents