Delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: validation of International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery classification and analysis of risk factors.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the incidence and clinical features and associated risk factors of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreaticoduodenectomy, employing the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) consensus definition.


METHODS
Demographic, pathological and surgical details for 260 consecutive patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy at a single institution were analysed using univariate and multivariate models.


RESULTS
Postoperative complications occurred in 108 (41.5%) and DGE was diagnosed in 36 (13.8%) of 260 patients. Among the 36 DGE patients, 16 had grade A, 18 grade B and two grade C DGE. Resumption of a solid diet (P < 0.001), time to passage of stool (P= 0.002) and hospital discharge (P < 0.001) occurred later in DGE patients. The need for total parenteral nutrition was significantly higher in DGE grade B/C patients (P < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, abdominal collections (P≤ 0.001), pancreatic fistula (PF) grades B and C (P < 0.001), biliary fistula (P= 0.002), pulmonary complications (P < 0.001) and sepsis (P= 0.002) were associated with DGE. Only abdominal collections (P= 0.009), PF grade B/C (P < 0.001) and sepsis (P= 0.024) were associated with clinically relevant DGE. In the multivariate analysis, PF grade B/C (P= 0.004) and biliary fistula (P= 0.039) were independent risk factors for DGE.


CONCLUSIONS
The ISGPS classification and grading systems correlate well with the clinical course of DGE and are feasible for patient management. The principal risk factors for DGE seem to be pancreatic and biliary fistulas.
Malleo
Giuseppe
G
Department of Surgery, General Surgery B Unit, G. B. Rossi Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Crippa
Stefano
S
Butturini
Giovanni
G
Salvia
Roberto
R
Partelli
Stefano
S
Rossini
Roberto
R
Bacchion
Matilde
M
Pederzoli
Paolo
P
Bassi
Claudio
C
D001658:Biliary Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003672:Defecation; D004435:Eating; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007558:Italy; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents