A randomized, double-blind, negatively controlled pilot study to determine whether the use of emollients or calcipotriol alters the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation during phototherapy with narrowband ultraviolet B.
BACKGROUND
There is contradictory evidence suggesting that emollients increase, decrease or have no effect on minimal erythema dose (MED) or minimal phototoxic dose values prior to phototherapy. Few studies have looked at the in vivo use of emollients or calcipotriol prior to narrowband ultraviolet (UV) B (NB-UVB) treatment.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether emollients or calcipotriol alter MED readings of skin on the back of healthy subjects prior to NB-UVB irradiation.


METHODS
Topical agents were applied to the backs of 20 healthy volunteers for 30 min prior to MED testing. These agents were aqueous cream, 50:50 white soft paraffin and liquid paraffin, Diprobase(®) (Schering-Plough, Welwyn Garden City, U.K.), Epaderm(®) (Medlock, Oldham, U.K.) and calcipotriol ointment and cream. A control MED strip was used with no topical agent applied prior to testing. MED readings were recoded as integer steps between 1 and 9 (one is lowest MED dose for skin type; eight is highest; nine is no response, i.e. a higher MED).


RESULTS
The median MED was between step 5 and 6 for all treatments and control. There was no significant difference at the 5% level between control and each topical agent. The study was powered to detect a median difference of approximately 0·4-0·6 steps.


CONCLUSIONS
This has important implications at a practical level when advising patients not to apply creams prior to treatment with NB-UVB. Studies where agents are applied immediately prior to phototherapy have been more likely to show that emollients block transmission of UV radiation. If they are applied at least 30 min prior to treatment, they have no effect.
Dermatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK. anne.skellett@nnuh.nhs.uk
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A
Skellett
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Swift
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Tan
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Garioch
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004643:Emollients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D004643:Emollients; C055085:calcipotriene; D002117:Calcitriol