Drug resistance mutations in drug-naive HIV type 1 subtype C-infected individuals from rural Malawi.
In this preliminary study we show that in 2008, 3 years after antiretroviral therapy was introduced into the Karonga District, Malawi, a greater than expected number of drug-naive individuals have been infected with HIV-1 subtype C virus harboring major and minor drug resistance mutations (DRMs). From a sample size of 40 reverse transcriptase (RT) consensus sequences from drug-naive individuals we found five showing NRTI and four showing NNRTI mutations with one individual showing both. From 29 protease consensus sequences, again from drug-naive individuals, we found evidence of minor DRMs in three. Additional major and minor DRMs were found in clonal sequences from a number of individuals that were not present in the original consensus sequences. This clearly illustrates the importance of sequencing multiple HIV-1 variants from individuals to fully assess drug resistance.
Zoology Department, Martin Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland.
Vijay
V
Bansode
Zuzanna J
ZJ
Drebert
Simon A A
SA
Travers
Emmanuel
E
Banda
Anna
A
Molesworth
Amelia
A
Crampin
Bagrey
B
Ngwira
Neil
N
French
Judith R
JR
Glynn
Grace P
GP
McCormack
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010802:Phylogeny; D012424:Rural Population; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease