Parkinson's disease and pathological gambling: results from a functional MRI study.
Seven patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and pathological gambling (PG) and 7 PD patients without PG were investigated by functional MRI and a block-design experiment with gambling-related visual cues alternating with neutral stimuli and rest periods. Compared with PD/non-PG, in PD/PG patients, several areas of increased cue-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)-response were observed including bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, medial and superior frontal gyri, and precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule, and ventral striatum. The over activation of cingulate cortex and ventral striatum in PD/PG patients after the craving task is similar to that reported in addicted patients, whereas the activation of the parietal structures is probably related to the attentional network.
Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Daniela
D
Frosini
Ilaria
I
Pesaresi
Mirco
M
Cosottini
Gina
G
Belmonte
Carlo
C
Rossi
Liliana
L
Dell'Osso
Luigi
L
Murri
Ubaldo
U
Bonuccelli
Roberto
R
Ceravolo
D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010775:Photic Stimulation
D010100:Oxygen