Consumption of animal products, olive oil and dietary fat and results from the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk.
OBJECTIVE
The Western diet typically consists of high levels of saturated fat from animal products and has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Whilst olive oil, the predominant fat in the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with many health benefits its role in bladder cancer aetiology is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intake of animal products, olive oil and other major dietary fats on bladder cancer risk.


METHODS
Dietary data were collected from 200 cases and 386 controls participating in a Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of intake between cases and controls using unconditional logistic regression. Adjustment was made for age, sex, smoking characteristics, occupational exposures and calorie intake.


RESULTS
There was a statistically significant inverse association between olive oil intake and bladder cancer consistent with a linear dose-response relationship: middle versus the lowest tertile (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-0.99) and the highest versus the lowest tertile (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28-0.78; p-trend = 0.002). We also observed borderline statistically significant increased odds of bladder cancer for the highest versus the lowest intake of cheese (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.95-2.46; p-trend = 0.08). No potential associations were detected for any other source or type of dietary fat.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed evidence for a protective effect by olive oil and a possible increased risk of bladder cancer associated with a high intake of cheese. Our results require further investigation and confirmation by other studies.
Brinkman
Maree T
MT
Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Comprehensive Cancer Institute Limburg, LIKAS, Leuven, Belgium. Maree.Brinkman@med.kuleuven.be
Buntinx
Frank
F
Kellen
Eliane
E
Van Dongen
Martien C J M
MC
Dagnelie
Pieter C
PC
Muls
Erik
E
Zeegers
Maurice P
MP
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002611:Cheese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
D004041:Dietary Fats; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils