The handling of peripheral venous catheters--from non-compliance to evidence-based needs.
OBJECTIVE
To study nurses' compliance to national guidelines (Sweden) for peripheral venous catheters and to establish the complication frequency connected to time in situ and bore size.


BACKGROUND
Worldwide, there are no standard peripheral venous catheters guidelines, and the need for elective replacement has been challenged. Furthermore, the time interval and need for elective change of peripheral venous catheters has cost implications for hospitals.


METHODS
Prospective register study.


METHODS
The health care professionals in one surgical ward in a university hospital in the south of Sweden prospectively registered peripheral venous catheters parameters. Four hundred and thirteen peripheral venous catheters were registered for time in situ, size and complications. A cost analysis was performed. Non-parametric statistics were used, and p<0.05 was regarded as significant.


RESULTS
Compliance to the guideline of time in situ was 30.2%, and the frequency of thrombophlebitis was 6.5%. Peripheral venous catheters left in situ for more than 72 hours caused more thrombophlebitis (p=0.03). There was no difference in thrombophlebitis rate when peripheral venous catheters were changed within 24 hours compared with peripheral venous catheters that were changed within 72 hours. No difference was seen regarding complications between peripheral venous catheters sized 0.9 mm/22 gauge or 1.1 mm/20 gauge.


CONCLUSIONS
The present Swedish national guidelines, advocating peripheral venous catheter change every 24 hours, should be altered since peripheral venous catheters left in situ for up to 72 hours were not found to be related to a greater risk of developing thrombophlebitis. Nor is it compatible with a greater risk to use a peripheral venous catheter of 1.1 mm/20 gauge instead of 0.9 mm/22 gauge. The change in guidelines would decrease money spent, 250 100 Euro in Sweden, thus allowing time for the nurses to do other tasks and save discomfort for the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
National guidelines should be based on evidence and current facts, and evaluation of guidelines should be given priority.
Hasselberg
Daniella
D
Department of Surgery, Skånes University Hospital of Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. daniella.hasselberg@skane.se
Ivarsson
Bodil
B
Andersson
Roland
R
Tingstedt
Bobby
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000191:economics / Q000451:nursing* / Q000592:standards*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome