Neuroprotective effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark on amyloid beta(25-35)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice.
In the present study, we examined whether aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) with graded doses exerted its neuroprotective effects on amyloid beta(25-35) (Aβ(25-35))-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ(25-35) 6 nmol as the critical factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognition was evaluated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. EUE significantly improved the Aβ(25-35)-induced memory deficit in the Y-maze test. Also, EUE increased step-through latency time with Aβ(25-35)-induced learning and memory deficits in the passive avoidance test. In addition, EUE decreased the escape latencies with Aβ(25-35)-induced cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze test. In the probe trial session, EUE increased time spent in the target quadrant. In the in vitro study, EUE was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 value; 172 μg/ml). Ex vivo study, EUE significantly inhibited AChE activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. These results demonstrate that EUE possesses potent neuroprotective effects and that its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, by AChE inhibition, and therefore, might be a potential candidate in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Kwon
Seung-Hwan
SH
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Lee
Ha-Kyung
HK
Kim
Ji-Ah
JA
Hong
Sa-Ik
SI
Kim
Sun-Yeou
SY
Jo
Tae-Hyung
TH
Park
Young-In
YI
Lee
Chong-Kil
CK
Kim
Yong-Bin
YB
Lee
Seok-Yong
SY
Jang
Choon-Gon
CG
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D031283:Eucommiaceae; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D028321:Plant Preparations; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D000110:Acetylcholinesterase