Reconstruction of the irradiated extended abdominoperineal excision (APE) defect for locally advanced colorectal cancer.
OBJECTIVE
There is substantial evidence for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and extended abdominoperineal excision (APE) for improving local recurrence rates and overall survival for rectal carcinoma. While oncologic outcomes are improved, the large irradiated defect in the pelvic floor can potentiate poor operative outcomes. We describe a reconstructive option, the inferior gluteal artery myocutaneous (IGAM) transposition flap, which can enable wide tumour resections by providing substantial non-irradiated tissue bulk.


METHODS
Ten consecutive patients underwent either standard APE with direct primary closure or extended APE with IGAM transposition flap reconstruction between 2007 and 2009 for mStage I-IIIC disease. Patients underwent staging computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy after multi-disciplinary team discussion. Eight patients underwent extended APE and IGAM transposition flap reconstruction due to locally advanced stage of their carcinoma. Oncologic, reconstructive and post-operative outcomes were assessed.


RESULTS
All cases demonstrated good closure of the APE defect, with no intra-operative perforations and no immediate operative complications. Histological margins were clear (R0) in all specimens, with mean closest distance to margin 10.8 mm (range 4-20 mm). Mean follow-up was 11.3 months, with no locoregional recurrences. There was no donor site morbidity and no perineal hernia; patients reported high degrees of satisfaction with aesthetic outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
As the extended APE becomes increasingly utilized for rectal carcinoma, a reliable reconstructive option is increasingly important. The IGAM island transposition flap imports well-vascularized, non-irradiated tissue to reconstruct the defect, provides tissue bulk and potentiates good oncologic and reconstructive outcomes.
Boccola
Mark A
MA
Department of Surgery, Western Hospital, Footscray, 3011, VIC, Australia. mboccola@yahoo.com
Rozen
Warren Matthew
WM
Ek
Edmund W
EW
Grinsell
Damien
D
Croxford
Matthew A
MA
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010502:Perineum / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome