Cerebroprotective effect of Ocimum gratissimum against focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury.
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is believed to increase delayed neuronal death in the brain following ischemia. As a consequence, many attempts to reduce the damage resulting from cerebral ischemia under more highly oxidized conditions have focused on treatments aimed at maintaining the redox equilibrium of the local environment. Many antioxidants were shown to be neuroprotective in experimental models of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.


OBJECTIVE
The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (Lamiaceae) (EEOg) against focal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) insult in rat brain.


METHODS
The animal model of focal I/R was established by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of male Wistar rats for 2 h, followed by 24 h reperfusion. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined by colorimetric assays. The characterization and quantitative analysis of phenolic content was determined using HPLC.


RESULTS
MCA occlusion led to significant rise in cerebral infarct volume and lipid peroxidation, and depletion in SOD and GPx in brain. The neurological deficits were also significantly elevated by MCA occlusion. All the brain oxidative stress, damage and neurological deficits were significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with EEOg (150 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.).


CONCLUSIONS
The overall finding suggests the neuroprotective potential of O. gratissimum in cerebral ischemia, and is mediated through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, O. gratissimum should be investigated further as a possible strategy against cerebral stroke.
L.R. Institute of Pharmacy, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. kundanresearch1381@gmail.com
Kundan Singh
KS
Bora
Richa
R
Shri
Jitender
J
Monga
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D031339:Ocimum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase