Control of translation efficiency in yeast by codon-anticodon interactions.
The choice of synonymous codons used to encode a polypeptide contributes to substantial differences in translation efficiency between genes. However, both the magnitude and the mechanisms of codon-mediated effects are unknown, as neither the effects of individual codons nor the parameters that modulate codon-mediated regulation are understood, particularly in eukaryotes. To explore this problem in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we performed the first systematic analysis of codon effects on expression. We find that the arginine codon CGA is strongly inhibitory, resulting in progressively and sharply reduced expression with increased CGA codon dosage. CGA-mediated inhibition of expression is primarily due to wobble decoding of CGA, since it is nearly completely suppressed by coexpression of an exact match anticodon-mutated tRNA(Arg(UCG)), and is associated with generation of a smaller RNA fragment, likely due to endonucleolytic cleavage at a stalled ribosome. Moreover, CGA codon pairs are more effective inhibitors of expression than individual CGA codons. These results directly implicate decoding by the ribosome and interactions at neighboring sites within the ribosome as mediators of codon-specific translation efficiency.
Letzring
Daniel P
DP
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
Dean
Kimberly M
KM
Grayhack
Elizabeth J
EJ
D000926:Anticodon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004526:Efficiency; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000926:Anticodon; D003062:Codon; D012343:RNA, Transfer