Cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in southern Mozambique.
BACKGROUND
Malaria in pregnancy is a public health problem for endemic countries. Economic evaluations of malaria preventive strategies in pregnancy are needed to guide health policies.


RESULTS
This analysis was carried out in the context of a trial of malaria intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP), where both intervention groups received an insecticide treated net through the antenatal clinic (ANC) in Mozambique. The cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP on maternal clinical malaria and neonatal survival was estimated. Correlation and threshold analyses were undertaken to assess the main factors affecting the economic outcomes and the cut-off values beyond which the intervention is no longer cost-effective. In 2007 US$, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for maternal malaria was 41.46 US$ (95% CI 20.5, 96.7) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. The ICER per DALY averted due to the reduction in neonatal mortality was 1.08 US$ (95% CI 0.43, 3.48). The ICER including both the effect on the mother and on the newborn was 1.02 US$ (95% CI 0.42, 3.21) per DALY averted. Efficacy was the main factor affecting the economic evaluation of IPTp-SP. The intervention remained cost-effective with an increase in drug cost per dose up to 11 times in the case of maternal malaria and 183 times in the case of neonatal mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
IPTp-SP was highly cost-effective for both prevention of maternal malaria and reduction of neonatal mortality in Mozambique. These findings are likely to hold for other settings where IPTp-SP is implemented through ANC visits. The intervention remained cost-effective even with a significant increase in drug and other intervention costs. Improvements in the protective efficacy of the intervention would increase its cost-effectiveness. Provision of IPTp with a more effective, although more expensive drug than SP may still remain a cost-effective public health measure to prevent malaria in pregnancy.


BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00209781.
Sicuri
Elisa
E
Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (RESIB, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. elisa.sicuri@cresib.cat
Bardají
Azucena
A
Nhampossa
Tacilta
T
Maixenchs
Maria
M
Nhacolo
Ariel
A
Nhalungo
Delino
D
Alonso
Pedro L
PL
Menéndez
Clara
C
D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009073:Mozambique / Q000453:epidemiology; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000962:Antimalarials; D010919:Placebos