Transtracheal jet ventilation in 50 patients with severe airway compromise and stridor.
BACKGROUND
Management of the airway is difficult in patients with pharyngeal or laryngeal pathology caused by malignancy, extensive surgery, or radiotherapy scarring, particularly when undergoing pharyngolaryngeal surgery. Tracheal intubation, with or without fibreoptic guidance, is often impractical because of the severe glottic stenosis and primary tracheostomy under local anaesthesia has been the preferred technique. However, complication rates as high as 30% have been reported after primary tracheostomy and there is the potential for long-term morbidity. High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has several advantages over other techniques in the management of the difficult airway and can be delivered by supraglottic and infraglottic routes. To date, no large series has described the use of transtracheal HFJV (TTHFJV) in adult patients with stridor and critical airway obstruction.


METHODS
We report a prospective, descriptive audit of the safe use of TTHFJV in patients with severe airway compromise and stridor undergoing pharyngolaryngeal surgery (50 consecutive procedures in 44 patients).


RESULTS
TTHFJV was successful in all 50 cases. There were no major complications and the incidence of minor complications was 20% with no subsequent morbidity.


CONCLUSIONS
We attribute this low incidence to the use of an automated jet ventilator with airway pressure monitoring and control, and the alteration of ventilator parameters by an experienced anaesthetist.
Department of Anaesthesia, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and University College London Hospital, London, UK. davinarossanderson@googlemail.com
D J
DJ
Ross-Anderson
C
C
Ferguson
A
A
Patel
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D006611:High-Frequency Jet Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult