PPARγ-independent thiazolidinedione-mediated inhibition of NUR77 expression in vascular endothelial cells.
The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been reported to reduce atherogenesis in preclinical models and atherosclerosis in clinical trials in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated effects on gene expression have been thought responsible for this effect, a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible remains to be fully elucidated. We have previously reported PPARγ-independent modulation of NUR77 (also known as Nr4a1), an orphan nuclear receptor deemed important in the atherogenic process, in association with TZD-mediated inhibition of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 expression. Here, we report NUR77 mRNA expression is increased in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated by TNFα and that this effect is inhibited by a TZD in a PPARγ-independent manner. TZD treatment of HUVEC also inhibited the stimulatory effects of TNFα on NUR77 promoter activity, again in a PPARγ-independent manner, confirming the transcriptional nature of this effect. TZD treatment also attenuated the binding of nuclear proteins to the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-binding site of the NUR77 promoter in HUVEC in a PPARγ-independent manner. In addition, TZD treatment also inhibited TNFα-mediated induction of NF-κB1 mRNA expression. Our results suggest a potential PPARγ-independent molecular mechanism for the anti-atherogenic effects of TZDs involving NF-κB-mediated transcriptional inhibition of cytokine-mediated induction of the orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 in HUVEC.
Hu
Yunshan
Y
Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3181.
Liu
Hong Bin
HB
Simpson
Richard W
RW
Dear
Anthony E
AE
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha