Epidemiology and risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), previously an entity associated with radiation therapy to the head and neck, has been observed in patients treated with bisphosphonates. Patients with metastatic breast cancer and myelomatous bone disease, commonly treated with high-potency nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates for a prolonged period of time, have the greatest risk of ONJ development. The reported frequency of ONJ ranges from 0.6% to 6.2% in breast cancer and from 1.7% to 15% in patients with multiple myeloma. Osteonecrosis of the jaw has also been observed in patients with other cancers such as prostate cancer and in benign bone disorders such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease in which the incidence is low. Risk factors associated with the development of ONJ include dental extractions, length of bisphosphonate treatment, and the type of bisphosphonate used. In this review, we summarize the reported incidence and risk factors associated with ONJ.
Hoff
Ana O
AO
Department of Endocrinology, Fleury Group, Brazil. ana.hoff@fleury.com.br
Toth
Bela
B
Hu
Mimi
M
Hortobagyi
Gabriel N
GN
Gagel
Robert F
RF
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates