Contribution of social marketing strategies to community-based obesity prevention programmes in children.
OBJECTIVE
To review child and adolescent obesity prevention programmes to determine whether they have included the Social Marketing Benchmark Criteria (BC). In addition, we analysed whether there was a relationship between the presence of the criteria and the effectiveness of the programme.


METHODS
Interventions had to be aimed at preventing obesity through behaviour changes relating to diet, physical activity, lifestyle and social support, separately or in combination. A total of 41 interventions were identified in PubMed and Embase that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.


RESULTS
The more recent the studies, the greater the number of the BC that seem to have been used. However, regarding behaviour changes, we found the most effective period to be 1997-2002, with 100% of the interventions resulting in behaviour changes (9/9). In addition, almost all interventions resulted in improvements in body composition variables: 5 of 6 for body mass index or overweight/obesity prevalence and 6 of 6 for skin-folds.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of a higher number of BC does not assure higher effectiveness. Further research is required in this field. At the moment, studies aimed at preventing obesity in children and adolescents have not included social marketing aspects in their interventions in a comprehensive manner.
Gracia-Marco
L
L
GENUD 'Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development' Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Avd. Domingo Miral s/n., Zaragoza, Spain. lgracia@unizar.es
Vicente-Rodríguez
G
G
Borys
J M
JM
Le Bodo
Y
Y
Pettigrew
S
S
Moreno
L A
LA
D000293:Adolescent; D019985:Benchmarking / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000592:standards*; D040241:Social Marketing