Simvastatin-loaded porous implant surfaces stimulate preosteoblasts differentiation: an in vitro study.
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies demonstrate that simvastatin stimulates bone formation, suggesting the potential application in dental implantology. In this study, our lab developed a simvastatin-loaded titanium porous surface. The aim was to investigate the effect of simvastatin-loaded titanium surfaces on the promotion of osteogenesis in preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) in vitro.


METHODS
The control group consisted of cells cultured on titanium disks without any intervention for different time intervals (4, 7, and 14 days), and the experimental groups (simvastatin-loaded groups) consisted of cells cultured on titanium disks that were preincubated in varying concentration (10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L, and 10(-4) mol/L) of simvastatin for the same time intervals of the control group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen synthesis, and osteocalcin release were used to measure the cellular osteoblastic activities.


RESULTS
All simvastatin-loaded groups showed increased ALP activity compared with the control group at every time point, especially the 10(-7) mol/L group, which significantly increased the activity almost fourfold at 4 days (P < .05). In the type I collagen synthesis assay, all simvastatin-loaded groups showed an increase, and the effect was inverse dose dependent (maximal at 10(-7) mol/L). This stimulatory effect of simvastatin was also observed in the osteocalcin release assay (P < .05; at 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, maximal at 10(-7) mol/L).


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that simvastatin-loaded porous implant surfaces promote accelerated osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts, which have the potential to improve the nature of osseointegration.
Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatology Hosptital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Fan
F
Yang
Shi-fang
SF
Zhao
Feng
F
Zhang
Fu-ming
FM
He
Guo-li
GL
Yang
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016062:Porosity; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
D024042:Collagen Type I; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D015675:Osteocalcin; D019821:Simvastatin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase