Impact of visual and somatosensory deprivation on dynamic balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of balance control in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of visual and somatosensory deprivation on the dynamic balance in AIS patients and to discuss electromyographic (EMG) and posture sway findings.


BACKGROUND
Most studies focus on posture sway in quiet standing controls with little effort on examining muscle-activated patterns in dynamic standing controls.


METHODS
Twenty-two AIS patients and 22 age-matched normal subjects were studied. To understand how visual and somatosensory information could modulate standing balance, balance tests with the Biodex stability system were performed on a moving platform under 3 conditions: visual feedback provided (VF), eyes closed (EC), and standing on a sponge pad with visual feedback provided (SV). Muscular activities of bilateral lumbar multifidi, gluteus medii, and gastrocnemii muscles were recorded with a telemetry EMG system.


RESULTS
AIS patients had normal balance index and amplitude and duration of EMG similar to those of normal subjects in the balance test. However, the onset latency of right gastrocnemius was earlier in AIS patients than in normal subjects. In addition, body-side asymmetry was noted on muscle strength and onset latency in AIS subjects. Under EC condition, lumbar multifidi, and gluteus medii activities were higher than those under SV and VF conditions (P < 0.05). Under SV condition, the medial-lateral tilting angle was less than that under VF and EC conditions. In addition, the active duration of right gluteus medius was shorter under SV condition (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The dynamic balance control is particularly disruptive under visual deprivation with increasing lumbar multifidi and gluteus medii activities for compensation. Sponge pad can cause decrease in frontal plane tilting and gluteus medii effort. The asymmetric muscle strength and onset timing are attributed to anatomic deformation as opposed to neurologic etiological factors.
Kuo
Fang-Chuan
FC
Department of Physical Therapy, Medicine and Nursing College, Hungkuang University, Shalu, Taichung, Taiwan. kfc@sunrise.hk.edu.tw
Wang
Nai-Hwei
NH
Hong
Chang-Zern
CZ
D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*