Glycogen storage disease type I and G6Pase-β deficiency: etiology and therapy.
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I) consists of two subtypes: GSD-Ia, a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α) and GSD-Ib, which is characterized by an absence of a glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) transporter (G6PT). A third disorder, G6Pase-β deficiency, shares similarities with this group of diseases. G6Pase-α and G6Pase-β are G6P hydrolases in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, which depend on G6PT to transport G6P from the cytoplasm into the lumen. A functional complex of G6PT and G6Pase-α maintains interprandial glucose homeostasis, whereas G6PT and G6Pase-β act in conjunction to maintain neutrophil function and homeostasis. Patients with GSD-Ia and those with GSD-Ib exhibit a common metabolic phenotype of disturbed glucose homeostasis that is not evident in patients with G6Pase-β deficiency. Patients with a deficiency in G6PT and those lacking G6Pase-β display a common myeloid phenotype that is not shared by patients with GSD-Ia. Previous studies have shown that neutrophils express the complex of G6PT and G6Pase-β to produce endogenous glucose. Inactivation of either G6PT or G6Pase-β increases neutrophil apoptosis, which underlies, at least in part, neutrophil loss (neutropenia) and dysfunction in GSD-Ib and G6Pase-β deficiency. Dietary and/or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapies are available; however, many aspects of the diseases are still poorly understood. This Review will address the etiology of GSD-Ia, GSD-Ib and G6Pase-β deficiency and highlight advances in diagnosis and new treatment approaches, including gene therapy.
Chou
Janice Y
JY
Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Building 10, Room 9D42, 10 Center Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1830, USA. chouja@mail.nih.gov
Jun
Hyun Sik
HS
Mansfield
Brian C
BC
D000818:Animals; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005953:Glycogen Storage Disease Type I / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype
D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase