Inhibition of melanogenesis and oxidation by protocatechuic acid from Origanum vulgare (oregano).
Antioxidant and antimelanogenesis activities of protocatechuic acid (1) from Origanum vulgare (oregano) were investigated. The antioxidative capacity of 1 was confirmed from its free-radical-scavenging activities, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of reactive oxygen species in H(2)O(2)-induced BNLCL2 cells. The inhibition by 1 of tyrosinase and DOPA oxidase activity and melanin production was possibly related to the down-regulation of melanocortin-1 receptor, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins-2, and tyrosinase-related proteins-1 expression in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced B16 cells. After a gel containing 1 was applied to mice, the values of L* slightly increased, and a* and erythema-melanin levels of skin were reduced by comparing the values of untreated control groups, indicating 1 can reduce melanin production. These results suggest that 1 may act as an effective quencher of oxidative attackers with antimelanogenesis properties.
Chou
Tzung-Han
TH
Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Ding
Hsiou-Yu
HY
Lin
Rong-Jyh
RJ
Liang
Jing-Yao
JY
Liang
Chia-Hua
CH
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010851:Picrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008543:Melanins; D010851:Picrates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C009091:protocatechuic acid; D000521:alpha-MSH; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase