Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel hybrid dicaffeoyltartaric/diketo acid and tetrazole-substituted L-chicoric acid analogue inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase.
Fourteen analogues of the anti-HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor L-chicoric acid (L-CA) were prepared. Their IC(50) values for 3'-end processing and strand transfer against recombinant HIV-1 IN were determined in vitro, and their cell toxicities and EC(50) against HIV-1 were measured in cells (ex vivo). Compounds 1-6 are catechol/β-diketoacid hybrids, the majority of which exhibit submicromolar potency against 3'-end processing and strand transfer, though only with modest antiviral activities. Compounds 7-10 are L-CA/p-fluorobenzylpyrroloyl hybrids, several of which were more potent against strand transfer than 3'-end processing, a phenomenon previously attributed to the β-diketo acid pharmacophore. Compounds 11-14 are tetrazole bioisosteres of L-CA and its analogues, whose in vitro potencies were comparable to L-CA but with enhanced antiviral potency. The trihydroxyphenyl analogue 14 was 30-fold more potent than L-CA at relatively nontoxic concentrations. These data indicate that L-CA analogues are attractive candidates for development into clinically relevant inhibitors of HIV-1 IN.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4800, USA.
David C
DC
Crosby
Xiangyang
X
Lei
Charles G
CG
Gibbs
Brenda R
BR
McDougall
W Edward
WE
Robinson
Manfred G
MG
Reinecke
D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013386:Succinates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods
D002109:Caffeic Acids; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D007651:Keto Acids; D013386:Succinates; D013777:Tetrazoles; D019427:HIV Integrase; C100435:chicoric acid; C514801:p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1