GLP-2 and leptin are associated with hyperinsulinemia in non-obese female migraineurs.
OBJECTIVE
Impaired insulin metabolism has been implicated in migraine. However, to date only some putative effects, especially regarding the involvement of adipocytokines and glucagon-like peptides (GLPs), have been described. The aim of the present study was to investigate adipocytokines and GLPs in non-obese female migraineurs.


METHODS
Various parameters of the insulin metabolism and body measurements were determined in 84 non-obese female subjects.


RESULTS
We found highly significantly increased insulin levels with an odds ratio of 10.62 for migraine. Leptin and GLP-2 levels were also increased and correlated with insulin. Logistic regression analysis of leptin and GLP-2 revealed odds ratios of 3.79 and 4.26 for migraine, respectively, when comparing the lowest with the highest quartile of the test variable in the complete study cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
We show that non-obese female migraineurs suffer from hyperinsulinemia, which is associated with elevated leptin and GLP-2 levels. Increased leptin and GLP-2 are risk factors for migraine. Our data suggest that migraine is associated with a higher risk for insulin resistance and its clinical consequences.
Bernecker
Claudia
C
Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. claudia.bernecker@klinikum-graz.at
Pailer
Sabine
S
Kieslinger
Petra
P
Horejsi
Renate
R
Möller
Reinhard
R
Lechner
Anita
A
Wallner-Blazek
Mirja
M
Weiss
Sabine
S
Fazekas
Franz
F
Truschnig-Wilders
Martini
M
Gruber
Hans-Jürgen
HJ
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D020738:Leptin