Lymph node imaging in gynecologic malignancy.
The accurate identification and characterization of lymph nodes is essential in staging gynecologic malignancies. The presence of nodal metastases carries important prognostic and therapeutic significance. Identification of metastatic lymph nodes on imaging can help in treatment planning, disease response, and detection of disease recurrence. In this article, the strengths and weakness of the currently available imaging modalities will be discussed. Evolving techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance lymphography with nanoparticles, 18-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, lymphoscintigraphy, and more novel techniques will also be reviewed.
Lai
Gillian
G
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK.
Rockall
Andrea G
AG
D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18