Endocrine disruptors, travel-associated illness, and media violence: important health considerations for children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
This article addresses three important topics that are part of contemporary life for children: endocrine disruptors, hazards of international travel, and the impact of media violence on children and adolescents.


RESULTS
Practitioners will learn about phthalates and Bisphenol-A as endocrine disruptors. In published studies, elevated phthalates were associated with an increase in pubertal gynecomastia and premature thelarche. Bisphenol-A was judged by the Food and Drug Administration as having some concern for potential effects on brain, behavior, and prostate gland in fetuses, infants, and young children: hence, the decision to take reasonable steps to reduce exposure of infants. In travel-related diseases, diarrheal disease (primarily Campylobacter and Salmonella), dermatologic conditions (animal bites), systemic febrile illness (malaria and dengue fever), and respiratory illnesses predominate. Children and adolescents spend more than 7 h using media per day. The degree to which media violence can be linked to behavior is not conclusive, but the prevention message for practitioners is important because parents can have an important mitigating effect.


CONCLUSIONS
Endocrine disruptors, travel-related diseases, and media violence are part of modern day life for our children. Pediatricians need to stay abreast of recent findings and have access to up-to-date resources to assist them in providing contemporary advice and guidance to patients and families.
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Amy E
AE
Pattishall
Nancy D
ND
Spector
D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002648:Child; D003146:Communications Media; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D014195:Travel; D014754:Violence; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds