Tiny sea anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China.
BACKGROUND
Abundant fossils from the Ediacaran and Cambrian showing cnidarian grade grossly suggest that cnidarian diversification occurred earlier than that of other eumetazoans. However, fossils of possible soft-bodied polyps are scanty and modern corals are dated back only to the Middle Triassic, although molecular phylogenetic results support the idea that anthozoans represent the first major branch of the Cnidaria. Because of difficulties in taxonomic assignments owing to imperfect preservation of fossil cnidarian candidates, little is known about forms ancestral to those of living groups.


RESULTS
We have analyzed the soft-bodied polypoid microfossils Eolympia pediculata gen. et sp. nov. from the lowest Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in southern China by scanning electron microscopy and computer-aided microtomography after isolating fossils from sedimentary rocks by acetic acid maceration. The fossils, about a half mm in body size, are preserved with 18 mesenteries including directives bilaterally arranged, 18 tentacles and a stalk-like pedicle. The pedicle suggests a sexual life cycle, while asexual reproduction by transverse fission also is inferred by circumferential grooves on the body column.


CONCLUSIONS
The features found in the present fossils fall within the morphological spectrum of modern Hexacorallia excluding Ceriantharia, and thus Eolympia pediculata could be a stem member for this group. The fossils also demonstrate that basic features characterizing modern hexacorallians such as bilateral symmetry and the reproductive system have deep roots in the Early Cambrian.
Han
Jian
J
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Early Life Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Kubota
Shin
S
Uchida
Hiro-omi
HO
Stanley
George D
GD
Yao
Xiaoyong
X
Shu
Degan
D
Li
Yong
Y
Yasui
Kinya
K
D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010802:Phylogeny; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology