Modeling and percept of transcorneal electrical stimulation in humans.
Retinal activation via transcorneal electrical stimulation (TcES) in normal humans was investigated by comparing subject perception, model predictions, and brain activation patterns. The preferential location of retinal stimulation was predicted from 3-D admittance modeling. Visual cortex activation was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Two different corneal electrodes were investigated: DTL-Plus and ERG-Jet. Modeling results predicted preferential stimulation of the peripheral, inferior, nasal retina during right eye TcES using DTL-Plus, but more extensive activation of peripheral, nasal hemiretina using ERG-Jet. The results from human FDG PET study using both corneal electrodes showed areas of visual cortex activation that consistently corresponded with the reported phosphene percept and modeling predictions. ERG-Jet was able to generate brighter phosphene percept than DTL-Plus and elicited retinotopically mapped primary visual cortex activation. This study demonstrates that admittance modeling and PET imaging consistently predict the perceived location of electrically elicited phosphenes produced during TcES.
Xie
John
J
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. jianxie@usc.edu
Wang
Gene-Jack
GJ
Yow
Lindy
L
J Cela
Carlos
C
Humayun
Mark S
MS
Weiland
James D
JD
Lazzi
Gianluca
G
Jadvar
Hossein
H
D000328:Adult; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003315:Cornea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010719:Phosphenes / Q000502:physiology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012160:Retina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18