De novo erosive esophagitis in duodenal ulcer patients related to pre-existing reflux symptoms, smoking, and patient age, but not to Helicobacter pylori eradication: a one-year follow-up study.
It remains unclear whether the Helicobacter pylori eradication may cause or provoke gastroesophageal reflux disease. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of H. pylori eradication and other factors in the development of erosive esophagitis in patients with duodenal ulcer.


METHODS
We enrolled 183 H. pylori-positive duodenal ulcer patients without erosive esophagitis. Final endoscopy was performed 12 months later or in case if ulcer relapse was suspected. H. pylori was diagnosed by the urease test and histology if the results of at least one of the tests were positive. A total of 142 patients were assigned to the eradication treatment. The control group included 41 volunteers--20-mg omeprazole b.i.d. for 4 weeks was administered.


RESULTS
A total of 150 patients completed the study. Of the 119 patients, 70 (58.8%) were cured from H. pylori, and in 49 (41.2%) of patients, treatment of H. pylori was unsuccessful. All 31 controls remained H. pylori-positive. At the final endoscopy, erosive esophagitis was found in 19 (12.7%) patients. Erosive esophagitis developed in 8 (11.4%) successfully eradicated patients, in 9 (18.4%) unsuccessfully treated patients, and in 2 (6.5%) controls (P>0.05 comparing the groups). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed 3 factors at baseline, which were significant (P<0.05) in predicting the occurrence of erosive esophagitis: age more than 43 years (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 1.47-16.71), nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.34-11.68), and smoking (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.01-9.17).


CONCLUSIONS
H. pylori eradication did not influence the incidence of erosive esophagitis in patients with duodenal ulcer during a one-year follow-up period. Pre-existing nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease, smoking, and older age are important predictors of de novo development of erosive esophagitis.
Jonaitis
Laimas
L
Department of Gastroenterology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eivenių 2, 50028 Kaunas, Lithuania. laimasj@takas.lt
Kupčinskas
Juozas
J
Kiudelis
Gediminas
G
Kupčinskas
Limas
L
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole