Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity.
The prevalence and incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are higher in people treated for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection than in the general population. Identifying safe and effective interventions is a high priority. We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. Forty-four HIV-infected adults with baseline insulin resistance and central adiposity were randomly assigned to 4 mo of pioglitazone (30 mg/day) with or without supervised, progressive aerobic, and resistance exercise training (1.5-2 h/day, 3 days/wk). The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was used to evaluate alterations in central and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Thirty-nine participants completed the study. Hepatic insulin sensitivity improved similarly in both groups. Exercise training augmented the beneficial effects of pioglitazone on peripheral insulin sensitivity. Greater improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity were associated with reductions in total body and limb adipose content rather than increases in limb adiposity or pioglitazone-induced increases in adiponectin concentration. We conclude that supplementing pioglitazone with increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity more effectively than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. Pioglitazone alone did not significantly increase limb adipose content. Potential cardiovascular benefits of these interventions in HIV need investigation.
Yarasheski
Kevin E
KE
Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. key@wustl.edu
Cade
W Todd
WT
Overton
E Turner
ET
Mondy
Kristin E
KE
Hubert
Sara
S
Laciny
Erin
E
Bopp
Coco
C
Lassa-Claxton
Sherry
S
Reeds
Dominic N
DN
D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D055070:Resistance Training; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone