Physiologic and clinical benefits of noninvasive ventilation in infants with Pierre Robin sequence.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and physiologic benefits of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) (continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation) for infants with a Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).


METHODS
Breathing patterns, respiratory efforts, and gas exchange were analyzed for 7 infants with a PRS during spontaneous breathing and during NRS. Clinical outcomes with duration of NRS and need for a tracheotomy and/or nutritional support was evaluated.


RESULTS
Compared with spontaneous breathing, breathing patterns, respiratory efforts, and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressures improved during NRS; the mean respiratory rate decreased from 55 ± 9 to 37 ± 7 breaths per minute (P = .063), the mean inspiratory time/total duty cycle decreased from 59 ± 9% to 40 ± 7% (P = .018), the mean esophageal pressure swing decreased from 29 ± 13 to 9 ± 4 cm H(2)O (P = .017), the diaphragmatic pressure-time product decreased from 844 ± 308 to 245 ± 126 cm H(2)O-second per minute (P = .018), and the mean transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure during sleep decreased from 57 ± 7 to 31 ± 7 mm Hg (P = .043). All of the patients could be discharged successfully from the hospital with NRS. The mean duration of NRS was 16.7 ± 12.2 months. Six patients could be weaned from nutritional support, and none required a tracheotomy.


CONCLUSIONS
NRS is able to improve breathing patterns and respiratory outcomes for infants with severe upper airway obstruction attributable to a PRS, which supports its use as a first-line treatment.
Leboulanger
Nicolas
N
Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
Picard
Arnaud
A
Soupre
Véronique
V
Aubertin
Guillaume
G
Denoyelle
Françoise
F
Galliani
Eva
E
Roger
Gilles
G
Garabedian
Eréa-Noël
EN
Fauroux
Brigitte
B
D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014939:Work of Breathing / Q000502:physiology
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen