Anxiety and depression in asthma.
OBJECTIVE
there is growing awareness of the correlation between psychological factors, the course of asthma, and the outcomes of asthma treatment. However, the implications of this correlation are still poorly understood. Here, we review the role of anxiety and depression in asthma with a focus on recent literature.


RESULTS
recent studies suggest an interaction between behavioral, neural, endocrine, and immune processes and suggest that psychological factors play an active role in the genesis of asthma. Notably, the role of chronic stress has been investigated, including the parental psychological state during pregnancy. There is evidence that in patients with asthma, such stress may induce hyporesponsiveness of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in reduced cortisol secretion.


CONCLUSIONS
even though it is generally accepted that anxiety and depression are more common in asthmatic patients and that there is a close correlation between psychological disorders and asthma outcomes, such as poorer control of asthma symptoms, the implications and practical consequences of this link remain weak. New studies are introducing an intriguing model of the links between emotional stress, brain centers, the immune system, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis that is far removed from the original concept of 'asthma nervosa'.
Di Marco
Fabiano
F
Respiratory Medicine Section, Dipartimento Toraco-Polmonare e Cardiocircolatorio, Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale San Paolo, Italy.
Santus
Pierachille
P
Centanni
Stefano
S
D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007107:Immune System / Q000503:physiopathology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology
D006854:Hydrocortisone