Maintenance of physical activity and dietary change following a telephone-delivered intervention.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the maintenance of behavioral changes 6 months following a telephone-delivered physical activity and diet intervention.


METHODS
Patients (n = 434) with Type 2 diabetes or hypertension were recruited from 10 primary care practices in a disadvantaged community; practices were randomized to a telephone-counseling intervention (TC; 5 practices, n = 228) or usual care (UC; 5 practices, n = 206).


METHODS
Validated, self-report measures of physical activity and diet were taken at baseline, 12 months (end-of-intervention), and 18 months (6 months postintervention completion).


RESULTS
For physical activity, the significant (p < .001) within-groups improvements from baseline observed at 12 months remained at 18 months, in both the TC (62.2 ± 14.2 minutes/week; 2.2 ± 0.3 sessions/week) and UC (74.7 ± 14.9 minutes/week; 2.1 ± 0.4 sessions/week) groups. For all dietary outcomes, significant (p < .05) between-groups maintenance effects, similar to end-of-intervention outcomes, remained [TC-UC changes from baseline to 18 months (95% CI)]: total fat [-1.33 (-2.16, -0.50)% energy/day], saturated fat [-1.06 (-1.70, -0.43)% energy/day], fiber intake [1.90 (0.72, 3.15) grams/day], and fruit [0.22 (0.05, 0.40) servings/day]), except vegetables [0.59 (-0.01, 1.17) servings/day; p = .05]. Intervention effects across all health behavior outcomes were stronger for the subgroup (n = 145) adhering to the study protocol.


CONCLUSIONS
Telephone-delivered interventions can promote maintenance of health behavior change. Studies with longer-term follow-up are needed, particularly to determine how intervention duration and intensity might further enhance maintenance.
Eakin
Elizabeth
E
University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre (CPRC), Herston QLD, Australia. e.eakin@uq.edu.au
Reeves
Marina
M
Winkler
Elisabeth
E
Lawler
Sheleigh
S
Owen
Neville
N
D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011793:Queensland; D013689:Telephone