Evolution of brain-computer interface: action potentials, local field potentials and electrocorticograms.
Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) were originally developed to give severely motor impaired patients a method to communicate and interact with their environment. Initially most BCI systems were based on non-invasive electroencephalographic recordings from the surface of the scalp. To increase control speed, accuracy and complexity, researchers began utilizing invasive recording modalities. BCIs using multi-single unit action potentials have provided elegant multi-dimensional control of both computer cursors and robotic limbs in the last few years. However, long-term stability issues with single-unit arrays has lead researchers to investigate other invasive recording modalities such as high-frequency local field potentials and electrocorticography (ECoG). Although ECoG originally evolved as a replacement for single-unit BCIs, it has come full circle to become an effective tool for studying cortical neurophysiology.
Washington University, Biomedical Engineering, 300F Whitaker Hall, One Brookings Drive Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. dmoran@biomed.wustl.edu
Daniel
D
Moran
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D014584:User-Computer Interface