How does self-reported history of stroke compare to hospitalization data in a population-based survey in New Zealand?
OBJECTIVE
There is mixed evidence concerning the validity of self-reported history of stroke in population-based studies. We aimed to examine the validity of self-reported stroke using hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of stroke as the reference group.


METHODS
Self-reported history of stroke was taken from the Survey of Families, Income, and Employment (N=18 950; 2004-2005) and defined as a respondent answering yes to the question, "Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have had a stroke?". Survey of Families, Income, and Employment respondents consented to link their data to the New Zealand Health Information Service records of publically funded hospitalizations between 1990 and 2006. We calculated positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of self-reported stroke against hospitalization for stroke.


RESULTS
Approximately 2% of the adult Survey of Families, Income, and Employment population reported they had been told by a doctor that they had a stroke. Only 1% had evidence of hospitalization for stroke since 1990. The sensitivity of self-reported stroke was 73% and specificity was 98%. However, the positive predictive value, people who reported having a stroke with confirmation of hospitalization for stroke, was low at 29%.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of self-reported stroke will most likely overestimate the prevalence of stroke. A combination of methods is required to determine prevalence in population-based studies.
Carter
Kristie
K
Health Inequalities Research Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington South, Wellington, New Zealand. kristie.carter@otago.ac.nz
Barber
P Alan
PA
Shaw
Caroline
C
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult