Ultrasound appearances after mesh implantation--evidence of mesh contraction or folding?
OBJECTIVE
Polypropylene meshes are frequently used in abdominal and vaginal reconstructive surgery. Recently, several authors have claimed that mesh-associated complications may be linked to mesh shrinkage. We have performed a prospective study with postoperative follow-up by ultrasound examination at two time points after Prolift anterior implantation to assess changes in the ultrasound appearance of mesh implants over time.


METHODS
We assessed 36 patients who had undergone mesh implantation with Prolift anterior mesh for the correction of symptomatic anterior vaginal wall prolapse. During the surgery, we measured the actual midline length of the mesh (initial length). On the fourth postoperative day, we performed a vaginal ultrasound examination (US) to measure mesh length in the midsagittal plane. A second US was performed 3-5 months after surgery to repeat this measurement.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference in mesh length determined before and 4 days after surgery (90.3 vs. 57.1 mm, P = <0.0001) indicating intraoperative folding. On comparing early and late postoperative ultrasound measurements, there was a reduction in length from 57.1 to 48.3 mm (P < 0.0001), indicating possible shrinkage or retraction.


CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative folding seems to be responsible for a large part of the difference between preoperative (in vitro) and postoperative (US) measurements of mesh dimensions, suggesting that surgical techniques may require adjustment.
Svabík
Kamil
K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Apolinarska 18, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic. kamil@svabik.eu
Martan
Alois
A
Masata
Jaromir
J
El-Haddad
Rachid
R
Hubka
Petr
P
Pavlikova
Marketa
M
D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014621:Vagina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery