Reference ranges for Doppler assessment of uterine artery resistance and pulsatility indices in dichorionic twin pregnancies.
OBJECTIVE
To construct reference ranges of uterine artery Doppler parameters against gestation in twin pregnancies and to present charts of the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) for clinical use.


METHODS
This was an observational study of the uterine circulation in 557 women with dichorionic twin pregnancies at 17-38 weeks' gestation. Uterine artery measurements were performed by color and pulsed Doppler imaging. The uterine artery PI and RI were calculated as a mean of both sides. Reference ranges were constructed by regression of each index on gestational age. For this purpose, a regression model with fractional polynomials was fitted to the data. Furthermore, the presence of uterine artery notching was recorded.


RESULTS
New reference curves and tables of percentiles of the uterine artery PI and RI are presented. The calculated indices both showed a significant decrease with gestational age. Compared with singleton values, mean twin PI values were lower during the whole course of pregnancy. The prevalence of bilateral notching was 4.6% at 17-19 weeks' gestation and 3.1% at 20-24 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
Uterine artery Doppler indices in twin pregnancies are lower than in singleton pregnancies. Therefore, the use of uterine artery reference ranges adapted to twin gestations seems more appropriate for identifying low- and high-risk groups.
Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany. annegret.geipel@ukb.uni-bonn.de
A
A
Geipel
F
F
Hennemann
R
R
Fimmers
A
A
Willruth
K
K
Lato
U
U
Gembruch
C
C
Berg
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology