Systemic vasculitis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection with and without detectable mixed cryoglobulinemia.
OBJECTIVE
to describe hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related systemic vasculitis in patients without detectable mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and to compare them to typical cases of HCV-MC vasculitis.


METHODS
twelve HCV RNA+ patients with histologically proven vasculitis in the absence of detectable MC (cases) were retrospectively compared with 48 HCV RNA+ patients with MC vasculitis (controls). Each case was matched with 4 controls for age and sex.


RESULTS
the main epidemiological and virologic features were similar between cases and controls. No clinical difference was found, except for lower rates of arthralgias (33% vs 71%; p = 0.02) and purpura (50% vs 83%; p = 0.03) in cases. Cases showed higher mean serum C3 (1.17 ± 0.21 vs 0.93 ± 0.23 g/l; p = 0.01) and median C4 levels (0.25 vs 0.04 g/l; p < 0.001), lower median serum IgM levels (0.6 vs 1.9 g/l; p < 0.001), and lower rates of rheumatoid factor positivity (8% vs 82%; p < 0.001) than controls. The main histologic features were similar between cases and controls. Immunofluorescence analysis of skin biopsy from 1 case revealed perivascular deposits of C3 and IgA. After treatment, overall clinical response of vasculitis (75% vs 83%) and sustained virological response (40% vs 64%; p = 0.3) were similar between cases and controls, except for higher complete clinical response (42% vs 73%; p = 0.05) in controls.


CONCLUSIONS
HCV-related systemic vasculitis may occur in the absence of detectable MC. Our findings suggest that such vasculitis probably results from immune complex-mediated mechanisms, and that the therapeutic management of such vasculitis should be similar to that of HCV-MC vasculitis.
Department of Internal Medicine, APHP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
Benjamin
B
Terrier
Damien
D
Sène
Agnès
A
Dechartres
David
D
Saadoun
Nicolas
N
Ortonne
Philippe
P
Rouvier
Lucile
L
Musset
Matthieu Resche
MR
Rigon
Thierry
T
Maisonobe
Patrice
P
Cacoub
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents