Characteristics of the level-of-evidence-1 disease forecast cancer biomarkers uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1.
In cancer, the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its inhibitor (plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1) and the receptor (CD87), among other proteolytic factors, are involved in tumor cell dissemination and turnover of the extracellular matrix. Unsurprisingly, a battery of very uniform data, amassed since the end of the 1990s, has put these members of the plasminogen activation system into the forefront of prognostic/predictive cancer biomarkers relevant to predict the clinical course of cancer patients and their response to cancer therapy. The present review focuses on the molecular characteristics of the disease forecast biomarkers urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, and techniques to quantitatively assess these cancer biomarkers, in the context of potential clinical application and personalized disease management.
Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
Karin
K
Mengele
Rudolf
R
Napieralski
Viktor
V
Magdolen
Ute
U
Reuning
Apostolos
A
Gkazepis
Fred
F
Sweep
Nils
N
Brünner
John
J
Foekens
Nadia
N
Harbeck
Manfred
M
Schmitt
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator