Neuroprotective effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark on amyloid beta(25-35)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice.
In the present study, we examined whether aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) with graded doses exerted its neuroprotective effects on amyloid beta(25-35) (Aβ(25-35))-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ(25-35) 6 nmol as the critical factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognition was evaluated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. EUE significantly improved the Aβ(25-35)-induced memory deficit in the Y-maze test. Also, EUE increased step-through latency time with Aβ(25-35)-induced learning and memory deficits in the passive avoidance test. In addition, EUE decreased the escape latencies with Aβ(25-35)-induced cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze test. In the probe trial session, EUE increased time spent in the target quadrant. In the in vitro study, EUE was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 value; 172 μg/ml). Ex vivo study, EUE significantly inhibited AChE activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. These results demonstrate that EUE possesses potent neuroprotective effects and that its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, by AChE inhibition, and therefore, might be a potential candidate in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Seung-Hwan
SH
Kwon
Ha-Kyung
HK
Lee
Ji-Ah
JA
Kim
Sa-Ik
SI
Hong
Sun-Yeou
SY
Kim
Tae-Hyung
TH
Jo
Young-In
YI
Park
Chong-Kil
CK
Lee
Yong-Bin
YB
Kim
Seok-Yong
SY
Lee
Choon-Gon
CG
Jang
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D031283:Eucommiaceae; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D028321:Plant Preparations; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D000110:Acetylcholinesterase