Nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for vascular and cardiac diseases.
Advances in nanoparticle contrast agents for molecular imaging have made magnetic resonance imaging a promising modality for noninvasive visualization and assessment of vascular and cardiac disease processes. This review provides a description of the various nanoparticles exploited for imaging cardiovascular targets. Nanoparticle probes detecting inflammation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis may provide tools for assessing the risk of progressive vascular dysfunction and heart failure. The utility of nanoparticles as multimodal probes and/or theranostic agents has also been investigated. Although clinical application of these nanoparticles is largely unexplored, the potential for enhancing disease diagnosis and treatment is considerable.
Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Wei
W
Chen
Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
David P
DP
Cormode
Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Zahi A
ZA
Fayad
Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Willem J M
WJM
Mulder
D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
D003287:Contrast Media; D008081:Liposomes; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles