Chaperone-mediated autophagy: machinery, regulation and biological consequences.
Degradation of dysfunctional intracellular components in the lysosome system can occur through three different pathways, i.e., macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In this review, we focus on CMA, a type of autophagy distinct from the other two autophagic pathways owing to its selectivity, saturability and competitivity by which a subset of long-lived cytosolic soluble proteins are directly delivered into the lysosomal lumen via specific receptors. CMA participates in quality control to maintain normal cell functions by clearing "old" proteins and provides energy to cells under nutritional stress. Deregulation of CMA has recently been shown to underlie some diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders for which the decline with age in the activity of CMA may become a major aggravating factor. Therefore, targeting aberrant alteration in CMA under pathological conditions could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating related diseases.
Li
Wenming
W
Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Yang
Qian
Q
Mao
Zixu
Z
D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000502:physiology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport
D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones