Review of neurologic diseases for the urologist.
This article reviews the neurologic conditions associated with a high prevalence of bladder dysfunction and about which significant advances in understanding have occurred in recent years. The importance of the frontal lobes for bladder control has been confirmed through functional brain imaging, and recent findings in the elderly with incontinence suggest the problem may result from disconnection of important frontal areas caused by white matter disease. The very different urologic profile of the two sometimes-confused conditions, multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease, is clarified. The advances in treatments for multiple sclerosis in recent years have been remarkable and are briefly described.
UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH, Box 71, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. c.fowler@ion.ucl.ac.uk
Clare J
CJ
Fowler
Catherine
C
Dalton
Jalesh N
JN
Panicker
D000375:Aging; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000150:complications; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D014572:Urology