Tetrahydroamentoflavone (THA) from Semecarpus anacardium as a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
BACKGROUND
Seed of Semecarpus anacardium L. is widely used in Indian traditional medicine; Ayurveda and Sidha, for treatment of inflammatory disorders and gout.


OBJECTIVE
The present study was aimed at isolation of a compound for its potential to inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO), over expression of which lead to inflammation and gout.


METHODS
Activity guided fractionation of S. anacardium seed was conducted using liquid-liquid partition and preparative HPLC. The fractions were evaluated for their XO inhibition and antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate fraction with the highest XO activity yielded a biflavonoid compound tetrahydroamentoflavone (THA). Lineweaver-Burk (LB) plot for the XO inhibition of THA and allopurinol was constructed from the kinetic data.


RESULTS
IC₅₀ values of THA and allopurinol for XO inhibition were 92 and 100 nM respectively and their corresponding values for K(i) were 0.982 and 0.612 μM respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
THA was a potent XO inhibitor which could be considered as a drug candidate or chemopreventive agent, after establishing its pharmacological and clinical evaluation. The study results appear to support the claim of the traditional medicine with respect to the efficacy of S. anacardium seed against inflammation and gout.
Arimboor
Ranjith
R
Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695019, India.
Rangan
Meena
M
Aravind
S G
SG
Arumughan
C
C
D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031023:Semecarpus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
D044946:Biflavonoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; C558585:tetrahydroamentoflavone; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase