Head and neck loading in everyday and vigorous activities.
The purpose of this study was to document head and neck loading in a group of ordinary people engaged in non-injurious everyday and more vigorous physical activities. Twenty (20) volunteers that were representative of the general population were subjected to seven test scenarios: a soccer ball impact to the forehead, a self-imposed hand strike to the forehead, vigorous head shaking, plopping down in a chair, jumping off a step, a seated drop onto the buttocks, and a vertical drop while seated supine in a chair. Some scenarios involved prescribed and well-controlled stimuli, while others allowed the volunteers to perform common activities at a self-selected level of intensity. Head accelerations up to 31 g and 2888 rad/s(2) and neck loads up to 268 N in posterior shear, 526 N in compression, and 36 Nm in extension were recorded. Most head and neck injury criteria predicted a low risk of injury in all activities. However, rotational head accelerations and Neck Injury Criterion (NIC) values were much higher than some proposed tolerance limits in a large number of tests, all of which were non-injurious. The data from this study help us to establish an envelope of head and neck loading that is commonly encountered and presents a minimal risk of injury.
Funk
James R
JR
Biodynamic Research Corporation, 5711 University Heights Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. jfunk@brconline.com
Cormier
Joseph M
JM
Bain
Charles E
CE
Guzman
Herb
H
Bonugli
Enrique
E
Manoogian
Sarah J
SJ
D000054:Acceleration; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009333:Neck / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*