B-vitamins reduce the long-term risk of depression after stroke: The VITATOPS-DEP trial.
OBJECTIVE
The consumption of certain B-vitamins through diet or supplementation decreases the total plasma concentration of homocysteine (tHcy) and may enhance response to standard antidepressant treatment. It is unclear if treatment with B-vitamins can reduce the long-term prevalence of depression in people at risk, such as stroke survivors. The purpose of this research was to determine if treatment with B-vitamins reduces the hazard of poststroke depression compared with placebo.


METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tHcy-lowering treatment with daily folic acid (2 mg), vitamin B6 (25 mg), and vitamin B12 (0.5 mg) for 1 to 10.5 years in survivors of stroke. The primary endpoint was the onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) major depression after randomization. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of DSM-IV major or minor depression at the end of treatment. Other measured factors included age, gender, poststroke handicap associated with stroke, recurrence of strokes, cognitive impairment, and use of antidepressants.


RESULTS
Among 273 people who completed the final assessment after 7.1 ± 2.1 years (mean ± standard deviation) of follow up, random assignment to B-vitamins was associated with a lower hazard of major depression compared with placebo (18.4% vs 23.3%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-0.76) and a trend toward a lower odds of major or minor depression at the end of the trial compared with placebo (19.1% vs 27.7%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.31-1.09).


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term treatment of poststroke survivors with folic acid, B6, and B12 was associated with a reduction in the hazard of major depression in our patient population. If these findings can be validated externally, B-vitamin supplementation offers hope as an effective, safe, and affordable intervention to reduce the burden of poststroke depression.
School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia. osvaldo.almeida@uwa.edu.au
Osvaldo P
OP
Almeida
Kylie
K
Marsh
Helman
H
Alfonso
Leon
L
Flicker
Timothy M E
TM
Davis
Graeme J
GJ
Hankey
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D014803:Vitamin B Complex