Immortalized keratinocytes derived from patients with epidermolytic ichthyosis reproduce the disease phenotype: a useful in vitro model for testing new treatments.
BACKGROUND
Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding suprabasal keratins 1 and 10. While the aetiology of EI is known, model systems are needed for pathophysiological studies and development of novel therapies.


OBJECTIVE
To generate immortalized keratinocyte lines from patients with EI for studies of EI cell pathology and the effects of chemical chaperones as putative therapies.


METHODS
We derived keratinocytes from three patients with EI and one healthy control and established immortalized keratinocytes using human papillomavirus 16-E6/E7. Growth and differentiation characteristics, ability to regenerate organotypic epidermis, keratin expression, formation of cytoskeletal aggregates, and responses to heat shock and chemical chaperones were assessed.


RESULTS
The cell lines EH11 (K1_p.Val176_Lys197del), EH21 (K10_p.156Arg>Gly), EH31 (K10_p.Leu161_Asp162del) and NKc21 (wild-type) currently exceed 160 population doublings and differentiate when exposed to calcium. At resting state, keratin aggregates were detected in 9% of calcium-differentiated EH31 cells, but not in any other cell line. Heat stress further increased this proportion to 30% and also induced aggregates in 3% of EH11 cultures. Treatment with trimethylamine N-oxide and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) reduced the fraction of aggregate-containing cells and affected the mRNA expression of keratins 1 and 10 while 4-PBA also modified heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. Furthermore, in situ proximity ligation assay suggested a colocalization between HSP70 and keratins 1 and 10. Reconstituted epidermis from EI cells cornified but EH21 and EH31 cells produced suprabasal cytolysis, closely resembling the in vivo phenotype.


CONCLUSIONS
These immortalized cell lines represent a useful model for studying EI biology and novel therapies.
Chamcheu
J C
JC
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. jcchamcheu@dermatology.wisc.edu
Pihl-Lundin
I
I
Mouyobo
C E
CE
Gester
T
T
Virtanen
M
M
Moustakas
A
A
Navsaria
H
H
Vahlquist
A
A
Törmä
H
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004817:Epidermis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D017488:Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008744:Methylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D010654:Phenylbutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D055815:Young Adult
D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008744:Methylamines; D010654:Phenylbutyrates; D007633:Keratins; C075773:4-phenylbutyric acid; C005855:trimethyloxamine