Prognostic relevance of skip metastases in esophageal cancer.
BACKGROUND
Presence of nodal skip metastasis is an established prognostic factor for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Little is known about this form of lymphatic spread in esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess nodal skip metastasis and its clinical importance for patients with cancer of the esophagus.


METHODS
Resected lymph nodes of 128 patients with esophageal cancer and pN1 status (adenocarcinoma, n = 67; squamous cell cancer, n = 61) were mapped according to the Japanese lymph-node classification for esophageal cancer. Skip metastases were defined as tumor-free N1 lymph nodes, whereas N2 through N4 lymph nodes harbor metastases.


RESULTS
Skip metastases were present in 26 of 128 (20%) patients. There was a higher rate of skip metastasis in early tumors (39% versus 23% versus 14% for T1, T2, and T3 tumors; p = 0.032) and tumors in the middle and upper third of the esophagus (37% versus 15% for upper- and middle-third and lower-third tumors; p = 0.022). Patients with skip metastasis had a significantly better 5-year survival rate than patients with continuous metastasis (53% versus 15%; p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed skip metastasis as an independent prognostic factor.


CONCLUSIONS
Skip metastasis is a common form of lymphatic spread in esophageal cancer, which is associated with a favorable prognosis.
Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. klaus.prenzel@uk-koeln.de
Klaus L
KL
Prenzel
Elfriede
E
Bollschweiler
Wolfgang
W
Schröder
Stefan P
SP
Mönig
Uta
U
Drebber
Daniel
D
Vallboehmer
Arnulf H
AH
Hölscher
D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies