Presumptive treatment for malaria is not justified in children receiving cancer chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND
Predominant etiologies of febrile neutropenia (FN) during the course of cancer chemotherapy include infections with bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Infection with malarial parasite is a possibility in regions that are endemic for malaria. Over-diagnosis and over-treatment of malaria is increasingly being recognized as a serious concern in malaria endemic regions. Aim was to determine the incidence of malarial infection in episodes of FN in children receiving chemotherapy for malignant disorders.


METHODS
Children, with malignant disorders, on chemotherapy, who fulfilled the definition of FN were enrolled prospectively. Standard microscopy, quantitative buffy coat, and antigen detection (OptiMAL) were performed in each episode of FN.


RESULTS
One hundred episodes of FN involving 82 children were investigated. The age ranged from 2 to 13 years (mean: 5.8 ± 2.8). Eighty-one episodes were in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 15 in acute myeloid leukemia, and remaining 4 in other malignancies. Evidence for malaria was not found in any case by any of the three methods.


CONCLUSIONS
Malaria was not found to be a causative agent for FN in children with various malignant disorders, in a region with low endemicity for malaria. Presumptive administration of antimalarials in children with FN is unjustified. Pediatric oncologists constantly face the challenge of managing febrile illnesses in immunocompromised patients. Those practicing in malaria endemic regions can effectively exploit diagnostic tools for malaria for a rational decision.
Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Chandigarh, India. deepakritu@yahoo.com
Deepak
D
Bansal
Piyush
P
Gautam
M L
ML
Dubey
R K
RK
Marwaha
D000293:Adolescent; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000469:parasitology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000962:Antimalarials