Management goals for the spina bifida neurogenic bladder: a review from infancy to adulthood.
Patients with spina bifida require longitudinal urological care as they transition from childhood to adolescence and then to adulthood. Issues important to urological health, such as protection of the upper tracts and prevention of incontinence, need vigilant follow-up throughout the patient's life. As the child ages, additional issues such as sexual functioning also become increasingly important for social integration. Despite this need for regular assessment, many adult patients with spina bifida lose coordinated urological care after leaving specialized pediatric spina bifida clinics. Consequently, urologists frequently encounter an adult patient with spina bifida in practice and they need to understand the basic urological treatment goals and potential complications for this population.
Mourtzinos
Arthur
A
Department of Urology, Lahey Clinic, Tufts University School of Medicine, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA.
Stoffel
John T
JT
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult