Clopidogrel pharmacogenomics: next steps: a clinical algorithm, gene-gene interactions, and an elusive outcomes trial.
Clopidogrel pharmacogenomics has received significant attention since a black box warning was announced by the Food and Drug Administration in March. This has left clinicians in a difficult situation where many questions remain unanswered. In this brief viewpoint article, we ask some pointed questions of our own and outline the pathway that needs to be taken for clinical translation to occur.
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. gladdip@ccf.org
Patrick
P
Gladding
Laura
L
Panattoni
Mark
M
Webster
Leslie
L
Cho
Stephen
S
Ellis
D000465:Algorithms; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004348:Drug Labeling; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine