Medical costs and outcomes for Australian women with ovarian cancer: a patient-level analysis over 2.5 years.
OBJECTIVE
As treatment costs for gynecological cancer escalate, real-world data on use of resources and costs becomes increasingly important. This study investigated medical costs, quality of life, and survival end points for women with ovarian cancer in Australia.


METHODS
Women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer referred for chemotherapy (n =85) were recruited through 7 hospitals in Australia. Overall survival, progression-free interval, and quality-adjusted life years were assessed by stage using the Cox proportional hazards models. Direct medical costs, including those for surgeries, hospitalizations, supportive care, chemotherapy, and adverse effects (while on chemotherapy), were calculated over 2.5 years and assessed by nonparametric bootstrapping.


RESULTS
Quality-adjusted life years decreased with increased disease stage at diagnosis and ranged from 2.3 for women with stage I or II disease to 1.3 for those with stage IV disease. A total of AU $4.1 million (2008) were spent on direct medical costs for 85 women over approximately 2.5 years. Medical costs were significantly higher for women with stage III or IV disease compared with that for women with stage I or II disease ($50,945 vs $31,958, P < 0.01) and/or women who experienced surgical complications and/or adverse effects requiring hospitalization while on chemotherapy ($57,821 vs $34,781, P < 0.01). Costs after first-line chemotherapy were significantly higher for women with advanced disease (mean, $20,744) compared with those for women with early disease (mean, $5525; P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Whereas for women with early-stage ovarian cancer, costs are concentrated in the period of primary treatment, cumulated costs are especially high for women with recurrent disease rising rapidly after first-line therapy.
Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane, Herston 4029, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Louisa.Gordon@qimr.edu.au
Louisa G
LG
Gordon
Paul A
PA
Scuffham
Vanessa L
VL
Beesley
Adèle C
AC
Green
Anna
A
DeFazio
David K
DK
Wyld
Alexandra M
AM
Clavarino
Penelope M
PM
Webb
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics; D001315:Australia; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011788:Quality of Life; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents