Generation of human chiral metabolites of simvastatin and lovastatin by bacterial CYP102A1 mutants.
Recently, the wild-type and mutant forms of cytochrome P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium were found to oxidize various xenobiotic substrates, including pharmaceuticals, of human P450 enzymes. Simvastatin and lovastatin, which are used to treat hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, are oxidized by human CYP3A4/5 to produce several metabolites, including 6'β-hydroxy (OH), 3″-OH, and exomethylene products. In this report, we show that the oxidation of simvastatin and lovastatin was catalyzed by wild-type CYP102A1 and a set of its mutants, which were generated by site-directed and random mutagenesis. One major hydroxylated product (6'β-OH) and one minor product (6'-exomethylene), but not other products, were produced by CYP102A1 mutants. Formation of the metabolites was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and NMR. Chemical methods to synthesize the metabolites of simvastatin and lovastatin have not been reported. These results demonstrate that CYP102A1 mutants can be used to produce human metabolites, especially chiral metabolites, of simvastatin and lovastatin. Our computational findings suggest that a conformational change in the cavity of the mutant active sites is related to the activity change. The modeling results also suggest that the activity change results from the movement of several specific residues in the active sites of the mutants. Furthermore, our computational findings suggest a correlation between the stabilization of the binding site and the catalytic efficiency of CYP102A1 mutants toward simvastatin and lovastatin.
Kim
Keon-Hee
KH
School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Kang
Ji-Yeon
JY
Kim
Dong-Hyun
DH
Park
Sun-Ha
SH
Park
Seon Ha
SH
Kim
Dooil
D
Park
Ki Deok
KD
Lee
Young Ju
YJ
Jung
Heung-Chae
HC
Pan
Jae-Gu
JG
Ahn
Taeho
T
Yun
Chul-Ho
CH
D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D008148:Lovastatin; D019821:Simvastatin; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; C052423:flavocytochrome P450 BM3 monoxygenases; D008798:Mevalonic Acid