Translational regulation of gene expression during conditions of cell stress.
A number of stresses, including nutrient stress, temperature shock, DNA damage, and hypoxia, can lead to changes in gene expression patterns caused by a general shutdown and reprogramming of protein synthesis. Each of these stress conditions results in selective recruitment of ribosomes to mRNAs whose protein products are required for responding to stress. This recruitment is regulated by elements within the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs, including internal ribosome entry segments, upstream open reading frames, and microRNA target sites. These elements can act singly or in combination and are themselves regulated by trans-acting factors. Translational reprogramming can result in increased life span, and conversely, deregulation of these translation pathways is associated with disease including cancer and diabetes.
Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Keith A
KA
Spriggs
Martin
M
Bushell
Anne E
AE
Willis
D000818:Animals; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D020506:Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020506:Untranslated Regions