Total intravenous anesthesia with midazolam, ketamine, and xylazine or detomidine following induction with tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine in red deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) undergoing surgery.
Sixteen captive female red deer were successfully anesthetized to surgically implant a telemetry system. The deer were immobilized with (mean±SD) 1.79±0.29 mg/kg xylazine and 1.79±0.29 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam given intramuscularly with a dart gun. Anesthesia was maintained for 69±2 min using a total intravenous protocol with a catheter placed in the jugular vein. Group X received xylazine (0.5±0.055 mg/kg/hr) and group D, detomidine (2±0.22 μg/kg/hr), both in combination with ketamine (2±0.02 mg/kg/hr) and midazolam (0.03±0.0033 mg/kg/hr), as a constant rate infusion. Anesthesia was reversed with 0.09±0.01 mg/kg atipamezole and 8.7±1.21 μg/kg sarmazenil given intravenously in both groups. These drug combinations provided smooth induction, stable anesthesia for surgery, and rapid recovery. Respiratory depression and mild hypoxemia were seen, and we, therefore, recommend using supplemental intranasal oxygen.
Division of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Ulrike.Auer@vetmeduni.ac.at
Ulrike
U
Auer
Sandra
S
Wenger
Christoph
C
Beigelböck
Wolfgang
W
Zenker
Martina
M
Mosing
D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003670:Deer / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage
D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D007093:Imidazoles; D014991:Xylazine; D013992:Tiletamine; D007649:Ketamine; C041255:detomidine; D015041:Zolazepam; D008874:Midazolam