Cognitive training in schizophrenia: a neuroscience-based approach.
Meta-analytic data from over a decade of research in cognitive remediation, when combined with recent findings from basic and clinical neuroscience, have resulted in a new understanding of the critical elements that can contribute to successful cognitive training approaches for schizophrenia. Some of these elements include: the use of computerized repetitive practice methods, high dosing schedules, a focus on sensory processing, and carefully constrained and individually adapted learning trials. In a preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive training exercises based on these principles, we demonstrated significant improvements in working memory, verbal learning and memory, and global cognition in patients with schizophrenia. These cognitive improvements were accompanied by neurobiological findings suggestive of learning-induced cortical plasticity. Future directions for research and essential remaining questions are discussed.
Mental Health Service, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California 94121, USA.
Alexander
A
Genevsky
Coleman T
CT
Garrett
Phillip P
PP
Alexander
Sophia
S
Vinogradov
D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology