Exercise counteracts fatty liver disease in rats fed on fructose-rich diet.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise at the aerobic/anaerobic transition on the markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin sensitivity and the blood chemistry of rats kept on a fructose-rich diet.


METHODS
We separated 48 Wistar rats into two groups according to diet: a control group (balanced diet AIN-93 G) and a fructose-rich diet group (60% fructose). The animals were tested for maximal lactate-steady state (MLSS) in order to identify the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition during swimming exercises at 28 and 90 days of age. One third of the animals of each group were submitted to swimming training at an intensity equivalent to the individual MLSS for 1 hours/day, 5 days/week from 28 to 120 days (early protocol). Another third were submitted to the training from 90 to 120 days (late protocol), and the others remained sedentary. The main assays performed included an insulin tolerance test (ITT) and tests of serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST] activities, serum triglyceride concentrations [TG] and liver total lipid concentrations.


RESULTS
The fructose-fed rats showed decreased insulin sensitivity, and the late-exercise training protocol counteracted this alteration. There was no difference between the groups in levels of serum ALT, whereas AST and liver lipids increased in the fructose-fed sedentary group when compared with the other groups. Serum triglycerides concentrations were higher in the fructose-fed trained groups when compared with the corresponding control group.


CONCLUSIONS
The late-training protocol was effective in restoring insulin sensitivity to acceptable standards. Considering the markers here evaluated, both training protocols were successful in preventing the emergence of non-alcoholic fatty liver status disease.
Botezelli
José D
JD
São Paulo State University-UNESP, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo, Brazil. jdbotezelli@yahoo.com.br
Mora
Rodrigo F
RF
Dalia
Rodrigo A
RA
Moura
Leandro P
LP
Cambri
Lucieli T
LT
Ghezzi
Ana C
AC
Voltarelli
Fabrício A
FA
Mello
Maria A R
MA
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase