Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene (Alox15) protects hyperlipidemic mice from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
We have shown that Alox15, the gene encoding for 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), is markedly up-regulated in livers from apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice, which spontaneously develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease secondary to hyperlipidemia. In the current study, we used ApoE(-/-) mice with a targeted disruption of the Alox15 gene to assess the role of 12/15-LO in the development and progression of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Compared with ApoE(-/-) mice, which exhibited extensive hepatic lipid accumulation and exacerbated inflammatory injury, ApoE/12/15-LO double-knockout (ApoE(-/-)/12/15-LO(-/-)) mice showed reduced serum alanine aminotransferase levels; decreased hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and macrophage infiltration; and decreased fatty acid synthase, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-6 expression. Remarkably, disruption of Alox15 attenuated glucose intolerance and high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, up-regulated insulin receptor substrate-2, and exerted opposite effects on hepatic c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, known negative and positive regulators of insulin signaling, respectively. In adipose tissue, the absence of Alox15 induced significant reductions in the expression of the proinflammatory and insulin-resistant adipokines MCP-1, TNFα, and resistin while increasing the expression of glucose transporter-4. Interestingly, compared with ApoE(-/-) mice, which exhibited increased hepatic caspase-3 staining, ApoE(-/-)/12/15-LO(-/-) mice showed attenuated hepatocellular injury. Consistent with this finding, hepatocytes isolated from ApoE(-/-) mice were more vulnerable to TNFα-induced programmed cell death, an effect that was not observed in hepatocytes carrying a targeted disruption of the Alox15 gene.


CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our data suggest a potentially relevant mechanism linking 12/15-LO to the promotion of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation in experimental liver disease of metabolic origin.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Marcos
M
Martínez-Clemente
Natàlia
N
Ferré
Esther
E
Titos
Raquel
R
Horrillo
Ana
A
González-Périz
Eva
E
Morán-Salvador
Cristina
C
López-Vicario
Rosa
R
Miquel
Vicente
V
Arroyo
Colin D
CD
Funk
Joan
J
Clària
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015854:Up-Regulation
C475064:12-15-lipoxygenase; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C036763:monocyte-macrophage differentiation antigen; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase