The effects of sleep hypoxia on coagulant factors and hepatic inflammation in emphysematous rats.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a sleep hypoxia (SH) in emphysema (SHE) rat model and to explore whether SHE results in more severe hepatic inflammation than emphysema alone and whether the inflammation changes levels of coagulant/anticoagulant factors synthesized in the liver.


METHODS
Seventy-five rats were put into 5 groups: SH control (SHCtrl), treated with sham smoke exposure (16 weeks) and SH exposure (12.5% O(2), 3 h/d, latter 8 weeks); emphysema control (ECtrl), smoke exposure and sham SH exposure (21% O(2)); short SHE (SHEShort), smoke exposure and short SH exposure (1.5 h/d); mild SHE (SHEMild), smoke exposure and mild SH exposure (15% O(2)); standard SHE (SHEStand), smoke exposure and SH exposure. Therefore, ECtrl, SHEShort, SHEMild and SHEStand group were among emphysematous groups. Arterial blood gas (ABG) data was obtained during preliminary tests. After exposure, hepatic inflammation (interleukin -6 [IL-6] mRNA and protein, tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα] mRNA and protein) and liver coagulant/anticoagulant factors (antithrombin [AT], fibrinogen [FIB] and Factor VIII [F VIII]) were evaluated. SPSS 11.5 software was used for statistical analysis.


RESULTS
Characteristics of emphysema were obvious in emphysematous groups and ABGs reached SH criteria on hypoxia exposure. Hepatic inflammation parameters and coagulant factors are the lowest in SHCtrl and the highest in SHEStand while AT is the highest in SHCtrl and the lowest in SHEStand. Inflammatory cytokines of liver correlate well with coagulant factors positively and with AT negatively.


CONCLUSIONS
When SH is combined with emphysema, hepatic inflammation and coagulability enhance each other synergistically and produce a more significant liver-derivative inflammatory and prothrombotic status.
Feng
Jing
J
Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Wang
Qing-shan
QS
Chiang
Ambrose
A
Chen
Bao-yuan
BY
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003029:Coagulants / Q000097:blood*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004646:Emphysema / Q000097:blood*; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012890:Sleep; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
D003029:Coagulants; D017931:DNA Primers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha