Antibacterial activity of anthraquinone derivatives from Heterophyllaea pustulata (Rubiaceae).
Photosensitizing anthraquinones isolated from Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook f. (Rubiaceae), namely soranjidiol, rubiadin, damnacanthal and 5,5'-bisoranjidiol, showed antibacterial activity (bacteriostatic/bactericide) on Staphylococcus aureus. The mechanism of action seems to involve an increase in the levels of superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)) and/or singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O(2)). Moreover, the effect of actinic irradiation as a boosting agent for the production of both reactive species of oxygen as well as its influence on antibacterial activity was assessed. The routine susceptibility assay (minimum inhibitory concentration determination) was carried out by means of the broth macrodilution method. Bactericide activity was determined counting the colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) in plate. The O(2)(·-) production was determined by means of an indirect photobiological assay (Nitroblue Tetrazolium test), and the production of (1)O(2) was followed using an indirect steady-state method, with methionine as the (1)O(2) chemical quencher.
Comini
L R
LR
Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IMBIV-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
Montoya
S C Núñez
SC
Páez
P L
PL
Argüello
Gustavo A
GA
Albesa
I
I
Cabrera
J L
JL
D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019666:Rubiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D000880:Anthraquinones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D013481:Superoxides; D026082:Singlet Oxygen