Fibroscan: a new noninvasive method for evaluation of liver dysfunction in Turner syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Raised liver enzyme value is frequently detected in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), but its clinical importance is still unclear.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the entity of liver involvement in TS and to avoid the invasiveness of liver biopsy, we planned to measure liver stiffness by transient elastography (TE).


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Twenty-five consecutive patients with TS and a chronological age ≥ 12·5 years (mean age = 21·7 years), full pubertal development and final height's achievement were enrolled and investigated by blood biochemical analyses [glucose, insulin, aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamil transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol], ultrasonography and TE of the liver.


RESULTS
Of 25, 7 subjects (28%) showed liver enzyme levels higher than the normal upper limit. Mean liver stiffness value in the entire study group was 4·5 ± 1·7 kPa, being significantly higher in patients with abnormal liver enzymes than in those with normal liver biochemistry (6·0 ± 2·9 vs. 4·0 ± 0·9, P < 0·05). Strong correlations were found between TE values and ALT (P < 0·005), GGT (P < 0·0001), Body mass index (P < 0·05), HOMA index (P < 0·05), HDL-cholesterol (P < 0·05) and triglycerides (P < 0·0001).


CONCLUSIONS
We can assert that (i) liver stiffness, measured by TE, strongly correlates with liver enzyme levels in patients with TS ; (ii) the increased liver stiffness in patients with TS with biochemical signs of liver dysfunction is significantly related to metabolic syndrome parameters; (iii) TE may be an useful tool to select among patients with TS with elevated liver enzymes or other metabolic risk factors, those who deserve more invasive diagnostic procedures, namely liver biopsy, for the best characterisation of liver damage.
Messina
Maria Francesca
MF
Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. francesca.messina@unime.it
Squadrito
Giovanni
G
Valenzise
Mariella
M
Maimone
Sergio
S
Iannelli
Stefania
S
Arrigo
Teresa
T
Cacciola
Irene
I
Civa
Rosi
R
D'agata
Vittoria
V
Raimondo
Giovanni
G
De Luca
Filippo
F
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult