Pericardial reconstruction using an extracellular matrix implant correlates with reduced risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass surgery patients.
BACKGROUND
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant complication following open heart surgery, with potentially serious clinical and economic implications. To assess the effect of a novel procedure, pericardial reconstruction using a porcine-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) implant, on the risk of postoperative AF after primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), we performed a retrospective comparison of the incidence of postoperative AF in patients who underwent this procedure versus an untreated control group.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective comparison of the incidence of postoperative AF in 111 patients who underwent a pericardial reconstruction procedure with the CorMatrix ECM for Pericardial Closure (CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Atlanta, GA, USA) following primary isolated CABG, versus a control group of 111 patients who did not undergo pericardial reconstruction.


RESULTS
Postoperative AF occurred in 43 of 111 control patients (39%; lower control limit [LCL], 30%; upper control limit [UCL], 49%) but in only 20 of 111 treated patients (18%; LCL, 11%; UCL, 27%). This result represents a 54% reduction in relative risk in the treatment group (P < .001). There was a small but statistically insignificant decrease in the hospital length of stay for the treated patients. The 2 treatment groups exhibited similar postoperative complication profiles.


CONCLUSIONS
In this retrospective study, pericardial reconstruction with the ECM implant contributed directly to a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in the rate of postoperative AF in patients undergoing primary isolated CABG. A prospective multicenter randomized trial has been planned to further test this approach.
Boyd
W Douglas
WD
University of California Davis Medical Center, 2221 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. douglas.boyd@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Johnson
William E
WE
Sultan
Parvez K
PK
Deering
Thomas F
TF
Matheny
Robert G
RG
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome