Oil-frozen W₁/O/W₂ double emulsions for dermal biomacromolecular delivery containing ethanol as chemical penetration enhancer.
Oil-frozen water-in-oil-in-water (W₁/O/W₂) double emulsions (DE) containing ethanol up to 40% (w/v) in the external aqueous W₂ phase exhibited external coalescence upon thawing of the oil phase, releasing up to 85% of the encapsulated protein of the internal aqueous phase. These emulsions were studied in vitro as potential dermal macromolecular delivery formulations, achieving fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) penetration of up to 86 μm into porcine skin, reaching the viable epidermis where the immunocompetent Langerhans cells are located. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to observe the effect of the emulsification process and ethanol content on the ability of BSA to form antigen-antibody complexes; results indicated that ethanol content and the emulsification process did not diminish the BSA-antibody complex formation when compared with a BSA standard aqueous solution. Therefore, it is shown that oil-frozen W₁/O/W₂ DE, with penetration-enhancing ethanol in the W₂ phase, can potentially be used for cutaneous vaccine delivery formulations.
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118.
Yuly A
YA
Jaimes-Lizcano
Louise B
LB
Lawson
Kyriakos D
KD
Papadopoulos
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005615:Freezing; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; C039217:fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin; D014867:Water; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D000431:Ethanol; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate