Different mutations in the oafA gene lead to loss of O5-antigen expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse genetic changes in the oafA gene explaining the loss of O5-antigen expression in Salmonella Typhimurium and Salm. 4,[5],12:i:-.


RESULTS
The oafA gene in 52 O5-antigen-negative and 77 O5-antigen-positive Salm. Typhimurium (N = 47) and Salm. 4,[5],12:i:- (monophasic Salm. Typhimurium strains, N = 82) was investigated by a combination of PCR screening and DNA sequencing to identify mutations leading to the suppression of the O5-antigen. Various DNA sequence changes within the open reading frame (ORF) of oafA in O5-antigen-negative strains could be identified. In 77% of the O5-antigen-negative strains, a 7-bp deletion of a duplicated sequence within the functional oafA gene led to a frameshift in the ORF. In four strains, an IS4 element and in two, an IS1 element was inserted at different positions. Four other strains carried at different positions single base pair substitutions causing a premature stop codon. Finally, in two strains, a deletion of the oafA 3'end of undetermined size was responsible for the lack of O5-antigen expression. In none of the strains investigated, the complete ORF of oafA was deleted. Primers were designed and used to detect the most prominent variants.


CONCLUSIONS
O5-antigen-negative Salm. Typhimurium and Salm. 4,[5],12:i:- strains carry an oafA pseudogene caused by different genetic events indicating that there is a selection for oafA mutations leading to the loss of O5-antigen expression.


CONCLUSIONS
The loss of O5-antigen expression may be an example of a common evolutionary mechanism to escape host defence or to adapt to environmental changes. The data are the basis for the development of diagnostic PCR assays for the differentiation of O5-antigen-positive and O5-antigen-negative Salm. Typhimurium and its monophasic (Salm. 4,[5],12:i-) strains.
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Berlin, Germany.
E
E
Hauser
E
E
Junker
R
R
Helmuth
B
B
Malorny
D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D009154:Mutation; D019081:O Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D019081:O Antigens; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C101959:OafA protein, Salmonella typhimurium