High-fat feeding influences the endocrine responses of pubertal rats to an acute stress.
OBJECTIVE
Studies conducted in adult rats have shown that increased fat intake affects brain energy homeostasis and stress response. The neuroendocrine circuits controlling the aforementioned functions continue to mature during puberty. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether post-weaning high-fat consumption can modify the endocrine responses of pubertal rats to an acute stress.


METHODS
Weaning male and female Wistar rats on postnatal day (P) 22 were fed either a high-fat (HF; 45% calories from fat) or a control (10% calories from fat) diet and were sacrificed on the individual day of puberty onset (between P35 and P42) under basal conditions or 4 h after swimming stress. Plasma insulin, leptin and corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and the respective receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were determined by Western blot analysis.


RESULTS
Stressed HF-fed males showed a smaller increase in plasma insulin levels than chow-fed males. Their leptin receptor levels were reduced in the hypothalamus, but not in the hippocampus, and their glucocorticoid receptor levels were increased in the hypothalamus compared to stressed chow-fed males. HF-fed females were nonresponsive to stress-induced alterations in plasma glucose and corticosterone levels, as well as to hippocampal insulin receptors following stress. Several sex differences were also revealed in the endocrine responses of HF-fed animals following stress.


CONCLUSIONS
These data show that consumption of high-fat foods during preadolescence can modify the endocrine responses to an acute stress by affecting both stress and metabolic mediators in a sexually dimorphic manner.
Boukouvalas
George
G
Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Gerozissis
Kyriaki
K
Markaki
Eirini
E
Kitraki
Efthimia
E
D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D020738:Leptin; D003345:Corticosterone