The pro-apoptotic effect of hydroquinone in human neutrophils and eosinophils.
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a benzene metabolite that is involved in hematopoiesis via its accumulation into bone marrow. HQ also acts as a toxic agent that influences various immune responses. Both neutrophils and eosinophils function as important leukocytes in immunological regulation and immune diseases. In this study, we examined the toxic effects of HQ on the apoptosis of human neutrophils and eosinophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors. HQ markedly increased the apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils in a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. The pro-apoptotic effect is involved in activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was enhanced after HQ treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HQ upregulated the release of IL-8 and MCP-1 from neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated that HQ strongly induces the apoptosis of neutrophils and eosinophils through the caspase 9/3-dependent pathway and the increased ROS production. HQ exerts a cytotoxic effect in human neutrophils and eosinophils and may impair the regulation of immune responses.
Yang
Eun Ju
EJ
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University and Eulji University Medical Sciences Research Center, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Lee
Ji-Sook
JS
Yun
Chi-Young
CY
Kim
In Sik
IS
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D000393:Air Pollutants; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D006873:Hydroquinones; D016209:Interleukin-8; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; C031927:hydroquinone