Gene expression analysis of ex vivo expanded and freshly isolated NK cells from cancer patients.
The infusion of natural killer (NK) cells is a promising therapy for patients with advanced malignancies. Clinical expanded NK-cell products were compared with freshly isolated NK cells. Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected by apheresis from 8 patients. NK cells were isolated by anti-CD3-negative selection followed by anti-CD56-positive selection. They were then expanded by co-culture with interleukin-2 and an irradiated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (EBV-TM-LCL) to produce 14 NK-cell products. Molecular changes in the 14 NK-cell products were characterized using gene and microRNA expression microarrays. EBV-TM-LCL feeder cells from 3 lots were also analyzed as they were expanded for over 90 days and each lot was used for multiple NK-cell expansions. The gene expression profiles among the 3 EBV-TM-LCL lots used showed no differences and were not affected by their time in culture. Freshly isolated and expanded NK cells had distinct gene and microRNA expression profiles. Compared with fresh NK cells, expanded NK cells overexpressed 1098 genes and 28 human microRNAs. Genes in the crosstalk between dendritic and NK cells and metabolic pathways were up-regulated in expanded NK cells, whereas genes in a number of immune function pathways were down-regulated. Among all the most up-regulated genes were the NK cell-activating receptor natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3, myxovirus restistance 1, lymphotoxin β, and BCL2-associated X protein. Although some expanded NK-cell product variability was observed, perhaps related to patient factors, further studies on larger numbers of products will be needed to determine the impact of these differences on clinical outcomes.
Park
Kyoung Un
KU
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jin
Ping
P
Sabatino
Marianna
M
Feng
Ji
J
Civini
Sara
S
Khuu
Hanh
H
Berg
Maria
M
Childs
Richard
R
Stroncek
David
D
D001781:Blood Component Removal; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D055628:Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D017252:CD3 Complex; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D055628:Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins