Plasma pentosidine: a potential biomarker in the management of multiple sclerosis.
BACKGROUND
The chronic inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) may lead to the upregulation of pentosidine.


OBJECTIVE
This cross-sectional study compares plasma pentosidine levels among healthy controls (HCs) and patients with MS at different disease stages. The study also determines pentosidine's usefulness as a biomarker of MS disease activity and/or severity via its correlation with a number of indicators of MS disease.


METHODS
Pentosidine levels were analyzed in 98 MS patients and 43 HCs using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.


RESULTS
Plasma pentosidine levels were significantly higher in MS patients when compared with HCs (p = 0.02). Patients on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) had lower plasma pentosidine levels when compared with DMT-naïve patients (p = 0.01). Pentosidine plasma levels correlated with indicators of MS disease severity, including Extended Disability Status Scale (p = 0.03), MS Severity Scale (p = 0.01), and MS Functional Composite (p = 0.03). No correlation between pentosidine levels and age, rate of clinical relapse, and disease duration was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that pentosidine could be a novel, inflammatory biomarker in MS clinical practice. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine any causal relationship between changes in plasma pentosidine levels and MS disease pathology. These studies may pave the way for use of advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitors and AGE-breaking agents as new therapeutic modalities in MS.
Sternberg
Zohara
Z
Department of Neurology, Baird MS Center, Jacobs Neurological Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. zs2@buffalo.edu
Hennies
Cassandra
C
Sternberg
Daniel
D
Bistulfi
Gaia L
GL
Kazim
Latif
L
Benedict
Ralph H B
RH
Chadha
Kailash
K
Leung
Christopher
C
Weinstock-Guttman
Bianca
B
Munschauer
Frederick
F
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D009518:New York; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine