Pregnancy of unknown location: a consensus statement of nomenclature, definitions, and outcome.
OBJECTIVE
To improve the interpretation of future studies in women who are initially diagnosed with a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), we propose a consensus statement with definitions of population, target disease, and final outcome.


METHODS
A review of literature and a series of collaborative international meetings were used to develop a consensus for definitions and final outcomes of women initially diagnosed with a PUL.


RESULTS
Global differences were noted in populations studied and in the definitions of outcomes. We propose to define initial ultrasound classification of findings into five categories: definite ectopic pregnancy (EP), probable EP, PUL, probable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and definite IUP. Patients with a PUL should be followed and final outcomes should be categorized as visualized EP, visualized IUP, spontaneously resolved PUL, and persisting PUL. Those with the transient condition of a persisting PUL should ultimately be classified as nonvisualized EP, treated persistent PUL, resolved persistent PUL, or histologic IUP. These specific categories can be used to characterize the natural history or location (intrauterine vs. extrauterine) of any early gestation where the initial location is unknown.


CONCLUSIONS
Careful definition of populations and classification of outcomes should optimize objective interpretation of research, allow objective assessment of future reproductive prognosis, and hopefully lead to improved clinical care of women initially identified to have a PUL.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. kbarnhart@obgyn.upenn.edu
Kurt
K
Barnhart
Norah M
NM
van Mello
Tom
T
Bourne
Emma
E
Kirk
Ben
B
Van Calster
Cecilia
C
Bottomley
Karine
K
Chung
George
G
Condous
Steven
S
Goldstein
Petra J
PJ
Hajenius
Ben Willem
BW
Mol
Thomas
T
Molinaro
Katherine L
KL
O'Flynn O'Brien
Richard
R
Husicka
Mary
M
Sammel
Dirk
D
Timmerman
D032921:Consensus; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000592:standards*