Robotic natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery: current status.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the evidence supporting current and future application of robotic technology in natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS).


RESULTS
Early clinical experience with the application of currently available da Vinci robotic system to LESS has been encouraging, as some of the constraints encountered during conventional LESS can be overcome. Robotic devices that are currently being developed for NOTES and LESS focus on improving either tissue manipulation capabilities for externally actuated robotic and flexible endoscopy systems or visualization for robots that are inserted completely into the peritoneal cavity.


CONCLUSIONS
Robotic technology is rapidly evolving and is expected to drive several aspects of minimally invasive surgery forward in the near future with the ultimate goal of minimizing complications and improving outcomes.
Rane
Abhay
A
Department of Urology, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, Surrey, UK. a.rane@btinternet.com
Autorino
Riccardo
R
D004724:Endoscopy / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000639:trends*; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000639:trends*; D012371:Robotics / Q000639:trends*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery