Iopamidol as a responsive MRI-chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast agent for pH mapping of kidneys: In vivo studies in mice at 7 T.
Iopamidol (Isovue®-Bracco Diagnostic Inc.) is a clinically approved X-Ray contrast agent used in the last 30 years for a wide variety of diagnostic applications with a very good clinical acceptance. Iopamidol contains two types of amide functionalities that can be exploited for the generation of chemical exchange saturation transfer effect. The exchange rate of the two amide proton pools is markedly pH-dependent. Thus, a ratiometric method for pH assessment has been set-up based on the comparison of the saturation transfer effects induced by selective irradiation of the two resonances. This ratiometric approach allows to rule out the concentration effect of the contrast agent and provides accurate pH measurements in the 5.5-7.4 range. Upon injection of Iopamidol into healthy mice, it has been possible to acquire pH maps of kidney regions. Furthermore, it has been also shown that the proposed method is able to report about pH-changes induced in control mice fed with acidified or basified water for a period of a week before image acquisition.
Longo
Dario Livio
DL
Department of Chemistry IFM and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
Dastrù
Walter
W
Digilio
Giuseppe
G
Keupp
Jochen
J
Langereis
Sander
S
Lanzardo
Stefania
S
Prestigio
Simone
S
Steinbach
Oliver
O
Terreno
Enzo
E
Uggeri
Fulvio
F
Aime
Silvio
S
D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
D003287:Contrast Media; D007479:Iopamidol