Evolution of brain-computer interface: action potentials, local field potentials and electrocorticograms.
Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) were originally developed to give severely motor impaired patients a method to communicate and interact with their environment. Initially most BCI systems were based on non-invasive electroencephalographic recordings from the surface of the scalp. To increase control speed, accuracy and complexity, researchers began utilizing invasive recording modalities. BCIs using multi-single unit action potentials have provided elegant multi-dimensional control of both computer cursors and robotic limbs in the last few years. However, long-term stability issues with single-unit arrays has lead researchers to investigate other invasive recording modalities such as high-frequency local field potentials and electrocorticography (ECoG). Although ECoG originally evolved as a replacement for single-unit BCIs, it has come full circle to become an effective tool for studying cortical neurophysiology.
Moran
Daniel
D
Washington University, Biomedical Engineering, 300F Whitaker Hall, One Brookings Drive Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. dmoran@biomed.wustl.edu
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D014584:User-Computer Interface