Gestational weight gain and subsequent postpartum weight loss among young, low-income, ethnic minority women.
OBJECTIVE
Document weight change trajectories that lead to gestational weight gain or postpartum weight loss outside clinical recommendations established by the Institute of Medicine.


METHODS
Women aged 14-25 receiving prenatal care and delivering singleton infants at term (n = 427). Medical record review and 4 structured interviews conducted: second and third trimester, 6- and 12-months postpartum. Longitudinal mixed modeling to evaluate weight change trajectories.


RESULTS
Only 22% of participants gained gestational weight within Institute of Medicine guidelines. There were 62% that exceeded maximum recommendations-more common among those overweight/obese (body mass index ≥25.0; P < .0001). 52% retained ≥10 lb 1-year postpartum. Increased weight gain and retention documented among smokers and women with pregnancy-induced hypertension; breastfeeding promoted postpartum weight loss (all P < .02). Body mass index by race interaction suggested healthier outcomes for Latinas (P = .02).


CONCLUSIONS
Excessive pregnancy weight gain and inadequate postpartum weight loss are highly prevalent among young low-income ethnic minority women. Pregnancy and postpartum are critical junctures for weight management interventions.
Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Bonnie E
BE
Gould Rothberg
Urania
U
Magriples
Trace S
TS
Kershaw
Sharon Schindler
SS
Rising
Jeannette R
JR
Ickovics
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003237:Connecticut; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult