Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones.
A series of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors with the hydroxyethylamine core and different phenyloxazolidinone P2 ligands were designed and synthesized. Variation of phenyl substitutions at the P2 and P2' moieties significantly affected the binding affinity and antiviral potency of the inhibitors. In general, compounds with 2- and 4-substituted phenyloxazolidinones at P2 exhibited lower binding affinities than 3-substituted analogues. Crystal structure analyses of ligand-enzyme complexes revealed different binding modes for 2- and 3-substituted P2 moieties in the protease S2 binding pocket, which may explain their different binding affinities. Several compounds with 3-substituted P2 moieties demonstrated picomolar binding affinity and low nanomolar antiviral potency against patient-derived viruses from HIV-1 clades A, B, and C, and most retained potency against drug-resistant viruses. Further optimization of these compounds using structure-based design may lead to the development of novel protease inhibitors with improved activity against drug-resistant strains of HIV-1.
Ali
Akbar
A
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.
Reddy
G S Kiran Kumar
GS
Nalam
Madhavi N L
MN
Anjum
Saima Ghafoor
SG
Cao
Hong
H
Schiffer
Celia A
CA
Rana
Tariq M
TM
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D015195:Drug Design; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D023303:Oxazolidinones