Corporal punishment of children in nine countries as a function of child gender and parent gender.
Background. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a global perspective on corporal punishment by examining differences between mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment with daughters and sons in nine countries. Methods. Interviews were conducted with 1398 mothers, 1146 fathers, and 1417 children (age range = 7 to 10 years) in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Results. Across the entire sample, 54% of girls and 58% of boys had experienced mild corporal punishment, and 13% of girls and 14% of boys had experienced severe corporal punishment by their parents or someone in their household in the last month. Seventeen percent of parents believed that the use of corporal punishment was necessary to rear the target child. Overall, boys were more frequently punished corporally than were girls, and mothers used corporal punishment more frequently than did fathers. There were significant differences across countries, with reports of corporal punishment use lowest in Sweden and highest in Kenya. Conclusion. This work establishes that the use of corporal punishment is widespread, and efforts to prevent corporal punishment from escalating into physical abuse should be commensurately widespread.
Lansford
Jennifer E
JE
Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Alampay
Liane Peña
LP
Al-Hassan
Suha
S
Bacchini
Dario
D
Bombi
Anna Silvia
AS
Bornstein
Marc H
MH
Chang
Lei
L
Deater-Deckard
Kirby
K
Di Giunta
Laura
L
Dodge
Kenneth A
KA
Oburu
Paul
P
Pastorelli
Concetta
C
Runyan
Desmond K
DK
Skinner
Ann T
AT
Sorbring
Emma
E
Tapanya
Sombat
S
Tirado
Liliana Maria Uribe
LM
Zelli
Arnaldo
A