title: Endoscopic placement of double-J ureteric stents in children as a treatment for primary obstructive megaureter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and potential complications of double-J ureteric stents in the treatment of persistent or progressive primary obstructive megaureter in pediatric patients within our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-note review of all patients with double-J ureteric stents, between 1997 and 2004, was performed. In all, 38 stents were inserted in 31 patients aged between 2 months and 15 years of age. Complications and results of follow-up investigations and the need for follow-up investigations were recorded. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 2 years following stent insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic placement of double-J ureteric stents in childhood is straightforward and complications are uncommon (8/38 insertions). In non-resolving or progressive primary non-refluxing megaureter, double-J ureteric stenting alone is effective with resolution of primary non-refluxing megaureter in 66% of cases (25/38 insertions).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteric stenting provides an alternative to early surgery in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter. The youngest patient in our series was 2 months old at the time of endoscopic ureteric double-J stent insertion. Endoscopic placement of ureteric double-J stents should be considered as a first-line treatment in the management of persistent or progressive non-refluxing megaureter leading to progressive hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: Ashwini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Liam S L
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parashar