title: Cardiovascular effects and predictability of cardiovascular collapse after repeated intravenous bolus injections of absolute ethanol in anesthetized pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of repeated intravenous bolus injections of absolute ethanol on cardiopulmonary hemodynamic changes and to investigate the predictability of ethanol-induced cardiovascular collapse in anesthetized pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty pigs aged 3-6 months and weighing 28-38 kg were enrolled in the study. Absolute ethanol (0.1 mL/kg of body weight) was repeatedly injected through the inferior vena cava central to the renal vein at 10-minute intervals up to a total volume of 1.0 mL/kg. The subjects were divided into a cardiovascular collapse group and a no-collapse group according to the development or absence of cardiac collapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 20 pigs, 12 died before the final injection. Hemodynamic parameters measured immediately before the injection of absolute ethanol did not differ between the cardiovascular collapse group and the no-collapse group except that among animals with cardiovascular collapse, the injection immediately before the one causing cardiovascular collapse resulted in significant increases in the following hemodynamic parameters: mean pulmonary arterial pressure (P < .01), pulmonary vascular resistance (P = .04), and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (P = .02). No such increases were observed in the no-collapse group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemodynamic profiles in pigs obtained immediately before intravenous injection of absolute ethanol did not predict the subsequent occurrence of cardiovascular collapse except after the injection immediately preceding the one resulting in cardiovascular collapse. In this animal model, significant increases in select hemodynamic parameters occurred after the injection immediately preceding the one resulting in cardiovascular collapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, 135-710 Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Seop
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Hyun Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tae Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: Chung Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Chul Joong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hyoung Gon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hong Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D012769:Shock / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol