title: Pharmacokinetic and tolerability profile of once-daily zibotentan (ZD4054) in Japanese and Caucasian patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate potential differences in zibotentan pharmacokinetics between Japanese and Caucasian patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer (HRPC) following single and multiple dosing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Japanese study, 18 patients received a single dose of zibotentan 5, 10 or 15 mg followed by 72 h washout before 26 days' once-daily dosing. In the Caucasian study, 21 patients received a single dose of zibotentan 5, 10 or 15 mg followed by 72 h washout before 12 days' once-daily dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between populations. Absorption of zibotentan was rapid with maximum plasma concentrations typically achieved within 3 h of dosing. Mean clearance, 17.9 and 18.7 ml/min in Japanese and Caucasian patients, respectively (range 7.0 - 36.3 ml/min in Japanese patients and 7.8 - 29.5 ml/min in Caucasian patients) and volume of distribution, 14.0 and 15.6 l for Japanese and Caucasian patients, respectively (range 7.9 - 29.1 l in Japanese patients and 9.6 - 23.8 l in Caucasian patients) were relatively low, and t1/2 was approximately 12 h (range 5.7 - 18.8 h in Japanese patients and 5.0 - 22.9 h in Caucasian patients) following single dosing. Little accumulation was observed following daily dosing and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics were predictable. Exposure levels achieved in some Japanese patients receiving zibotentan 15 mg were higher than those observed in Caucasian patients, however, this may be due to differences in body weight, as exposure levels were similar when data were normalized for body weight. Zibotentan was well tolerated in both populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no clinically relevant differences in the disposition and pharmacokinetics of zibotentan between Japanese and Caucasian patients with HRPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. Malcolm.Ranson@christie.nhs.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranson
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruoka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Logue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomkinson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swaisland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044466:Asian People; D001835:Body Weight; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C511404:ZD4054