title: Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using NaYF4:Er,Yb up-converter particles.
abstract: This article describes the first use of an anti-Stokes material, or up-converter, for the development of latent fingermarks on a range of non-porous surfaces. Anti-Stokes materials can absorb long-wavelength light and emit light at a shorter wavelength. This property is unusual in both natural and artificial materials and so fingermark detection techniques based on anti-Stokes luminescence are potentially sensitive and selective. Latent fingermarks on luminescent and non-luminescent substrates, including Australian polymer banknotes (a well-known 'difficult' surface), were developed with sodium yttrium tetrafluoride doped with erbium and ytterbium (NaYF(4):Er,Yb) by dry powder, wet powder, and cyanoacrylate staining techniques. This study illustrates the potential of up-converter phosphors for the detection of latent fingermarks.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Rongliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Elicia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reedy
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimmon
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lennard
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McDonagh
mesh_terms: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D004871:Erbium; D005459:Fluorides; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D011208:Powders; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014835:Volatilization; D015018:Ytterbium; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D011208:Powders; C525362:sodium yttriumtetrafluoride; D015019:Yttrium; D004871:Erbium; D015018:Ytterbium; D005459:Fluorides