title: Urological manifestations of Chikungunya fever: A single centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chikungunya is a viral infection often associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction. This study evaluates the urological squeal of Chikungunya fever in a single centre after an epidemic in 2006-2007 in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of medical records of 13 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms after Chikungunya fever was evaluated and outcome following intervention assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13 patients (M:F=9:4), with age ranging from 30 to 72 years, were included in the study. They presented with chronic urinary retention (n=9, 69.23%) of which two had paraparesis, voiding symptoms alone (n=7, 53.8%), storage symptoms alone (n=3, 23%), and acute urinary retention (n=1, 7.6%). Presentation with lower urinary tract symptoms after an episode of Chikungunya fever was after a mean period of 163 days (range 30-360 days). Mean serum creatinine on presentation was 1.8 mg/dl (0.6-6.5 mg/dl). Evaluation revealed dilated upper tract in four (30.7%) patients. Cystometrography showed acontractile detrusor (n=3, 37.5%), hypocontractile detrusor (n=3, 37.5%), overactive detrusor (n=1, 12.5%) and normal study (n=1, 12.5%). At the mean follow up of 11 months, 11 patients (84.6%) had satisfactory functional outcome after intervention, namely supra pubic diversion and bladder training (n=5, 38.4%), alpha blocker (n=3, 23%), timed frequent voiding (n=2, 15.3%), clean intermittent catheterization (n=2, 15.3%), trial void with alpha blocker (n=1, 7.6%) while two are on continuing supra pubic diversion due to persistent neurological deficit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chikungunya fever is an uncommon entity in urological practice, often associated with urinary symptoms. An accurate assessment of the symptoms and timely intervention prevents upper tract deterioration and improves the quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad - 387 001, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ramen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baishya
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganpule
authors.forename: Veeramani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muthu
authors.forename: Ravindra B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sabnis
authors.forename: Mahesh R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Desai