title: Health-related quality of life and exercise tolerance in recipients of heart transplants and left ventricular assist devices: a prospective, comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical exercise tolerance in patients after heart transplantation (HTx) or implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, comparative design was used to characterize changes over time in HRQoL (SF-36) and exercise tolerance in patients after HTx (n = 54) and during LVAD support (n = 36). Nine LVAD patients were lost for follow-up. The majority of patients in both groups were male (97%); the LVAD cohort tended to be younger (p = 0.06).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRQoL improved significantly in HTx patients in the SF-36 physical (p = 0.02), but not in the psychosocial (p = 0.27) component score during follow-up. In the LVAD group, HRQoL showed improvements for both the SF-36 physical and psychosocial component scores (both p = 0.04). Between-group comparisons revealed better HRQoL for the HTx cohort than the LVAD cohort for 2 of 8 SF-36 subscales. Age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted exercise tolerance (workload; VO(2max)) showed significant improvements for both HTx (p = 0.01) and LVAD (p = 0.01) patients. Adjusted maximum oxygen consumption was higher for HTx patients (p = 0.05) relative to LVAD patients at 8 ± 1 months after implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRQoL and exercise capacity increased in both groups over the time-course of the study. After adjusting for relevant variables, HTx patients showed a higher exercise tolerance compared with the LVAD group during follow-up. Thus, future large-scale intervention studies should emphasize the specific needs of these patient cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. kugler.christiane@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kugler
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malehsa
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tegtbur
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guetzlaff
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bara
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strueber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult