title: Hippocampal atrophy rates and CSF biomarkers in elderly APOE2 normal subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether elderly normal APOE E2 (APOE2) carriers exhibit slower rates of hippocampal atrophy and memory decline compared to APOE3/3 carriers. We also determined whether APOE2 carriers have less Alzheimer pathology as reflected by CSF biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included longitudinal data from 134 cognitively normal individuals (27 APOE2/2 or E2/3, 107 APOE3/3) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a prospective cohort study. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine how APOE2 affected rates of hippocampal atrophy and cognitive change over time. In a subsample of 72 individuals who also underwent CSF analysis, an ordinary least-squares regression was used to determine whether CSF β-amyloid (Aβ), total tau, and phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau) differed by APOE2 status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APOE2 carriers demonstrated slower rates of hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.004). The mean rate of hippocampal atrophy among APOE2 carriers was -33 mm(3)/year (95% confidence interval -65 to +0.4), or -0.5%/year, compared to -86 mm(3)/year (95% confidence interval -102 to -71), or -1.3%/year, in the APOE3/3 group. No differences in the rates of episodic memory (p = 0.23) or overall cognitive change (p = 0.90) were detected. In the CSF subsample, APOE2 carriers had higher levels of CSF Aβ (p = 0.01), lower p-tau (p = 0.02), and marginally lower tau (p = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A slower rate of hippocampal atrophy in normal APOE2 carriers is consistent with the lower risk of Alzheimer disease in these individuals. We hypothesize that the slower atrophy rate is related to decreased preclinical Alzheimer pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. gloria.chiang@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Insel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schuff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Truran-Sacrey
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Raptentsetsang
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Aisen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000235:genetics*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012306:Risk; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D016875:tau Proteins