title: Is there a need for early detection programs for chronic kidney disease?
abstract: The aims of this paper are to examine whether early detection programs are needed to assist in detecting and managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). It draws on existing material which indicates that CKD and its precursor risk factors or illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and HIV infection are very clearly major challenges faced by health systems worldwide. This paper evaluates whether CKD meets the epidemiological criteria to justify early screening. More compelling evidence is becoming available which indicates that the prevalence of CKD is significant in both developing and developed countries and that CKD can be easily detected and treated with only small changes to existing practice and this may be improved through screening programs. A brief evaluation of the challenges of establishing early detection programs is provided, as well as an examination of the capacity which exists for establishing such programs. It concludes that, despite the lack of randomized studies, these programs appear to provide an opportunity to integrate CKD management with common chronic illnesses and, through this approach, provide clinical and cost-effective management of both CKD and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease, Soweto, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. ivorjkatz@gmail.com
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Gerntholtz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Deventer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naicker
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods