title: Erythropoietin production by distal nephron in normal and familial amyloidotic adult human kidneys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the kidney is the major site of erythropoietin production. Many efforts have been made to identify renal erythropoietin-producing cells. Previous studies showed conflicting results, but the predominant localization reported was the peritubular interstitial and tubular epithelial cells. This study was conducted to identify the erythropoietin-producing cells in renal biopsies from 10 cadaveric donors and 45 patients with familial amyloidosis ATTR V30M, thirteen of them with anemia. Familial amyloidosis Type I (FAP-I) is a genetic disorder caused by a transthyretin (TTR) protein variant presenting a single amino acid substitution of methionine for valine at position 30 of the polypeptide chain (TTR V30M). Anemia in FAP-I is associated with inappropriately low serum erythropoietin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  erythropoietin expression was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) and confirmed by laser capture microdissection followed by PCR. Renal segments were identified by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  erythropoietin was mainly expressed by epithelial distal tubular cells and collecting tubules and additionally, in a few biopsies, by glomerular cells. A similar expression pattern was observed in donors and FAP-I patients. No increased mRNA erythropoietin expression was found in anemic patients, all of them presenting only a slight expression in medulla and cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  these results suggest the distal nephron as the major site of erythropoietin production, and support the notion that an inappropriate erythropoietin production is the cause of anemia in familial amyloidosis ATTR V30M.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Santo António Hospital, CHP, Porto, Portugal. bbeirao@iol.pt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beirão
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barandela
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lobato
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinho E Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D028226:Amyloidosis, Familial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000740:Anemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D002102:Cadaver; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009399:Nephrons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011174:Portugal; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011228:Prealbumin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004921:Erythropoietin