title: A case-control study of bidi smoking and bronchogenic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risks imposed by tobacco smoking, in particular, bidi smoking, in the development of lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-four histologically confirmed patients of bronchogenic carcinoma and 852 controls matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status were interviewed according to a predesigned questionnaire. Effects of individual variables defining the various aspects of tobacco smoking, in particular, bidi smoking, were assessed using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  81.3% cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were ever smokers as compared with 42.2% among controls. The odd ratios for ever smoking, bidi smoking, and cigarette smoking were 5.9 (confidence interval [CI] 4.3, 8.4), 6.1 (CI 4.3, 8.7), and 5.3 (CI 2.7, 10.4), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bidi smoking poses a very high risk for lung cancer even more than that of cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University (Erstwhile K.G. Medical University), Lucknow, India. rprasad2@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kesarwani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh