title: Biogenesis pathways of piRNAs loaded onto AGO3 in the Drosophila testis.
abstract: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence transposable elements in animal germ cells. In Drosophila ovaries, piRNAs are produced by two distinct pathways: the "ping-pong" amplification cycle that operates in germ cells and a ping-pong-independent pathway termed the primary pathway that mainly operates in somatic cells. AGO3, one of three PIWI proteins in flies, is involved in the ping-pong cycle in ovaries. We characterized AGO3-associated piRNAs in fly testes and found that like in ovaries, AGO3 functions in the ping-pong cycle with Aubergine (Aub) for piRNA production from transposon transcripts. In contrast, most AGO3-associated piRNAs corresponding to Suppressor of Stellate [Su(Ste)] genes are antisense-oriented and bound to Aub. In addition, the vast majority of AGO3-bound piRNAs derived from the AT-chX locus on chromosome X are antisense-oriented and are also found among Aub-associated piRNAs. The presence of very few sense Su(Ste) and AT-chX piRNAs suggests that biogenesis of both Su(Ste) and AT-chX piRNAs by a ping-pong mechanism only is highly unlikely. Nevertheless, the mutual interdependence of AGO3 and Aub for the accumulation of these piRNAs shows that their production relies on both AGO3 and Aub. Analysis of piRNA pathway mutants revealed that although the requirements for piRNA factors for Su(Ste)- and AT-chX-piRNA levels mostly overlap and resemble those for the ping-pong mechanism in the ovaries, Armitage (armi) is not required for the accumulation of AT-chX-1 piRNA. These findings suggest that the impacts of armi mutants on the operation of the piRNA pathway are variable in germ cells of fly testes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Toutai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mituyama
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dahua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mikiko C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Siomi
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siomi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C518392:AGO3 protein, Drosophila; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C106547:Ssl protein, Drosophila; C436124:aub protein, Drosophila