title: Risk factors for acute kidney injury in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potent procedure for the treatment of hematologic diseases, yet it is associated with high risks of treatment-related complications. Except for transplant-related organ toxicities, renal insufficiencies which emerge earlier significantly limit patients' long survival. To analyze risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 96 patients undergoing HSCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the first 100 days after allo-HSCT, all patients were evaluated for renal function by measuring serum creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with a classification below: Grade 0 (<25%, decline in creatinine clearance), Grade 1 (≥25% decline in creatinine clearance but <2-fold increase in serum creatinine), Grade 2 (≥2-fold rise in serum creatinine but no need for dialysis), and Grade 3 (≥2-fold rise in serum creatinine and need for dialysis). Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of demographic data, clinical variables, and risk factors for AKI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight (29.2%) patients occurred Grades 1-3 renal dysfunction (Grade 1, 14 patients; Grade 2, 12 patients; Grade 3, 2 patients), and ratios of early kidney injury increased in high-risk malignancy group (HR = 2.945, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.293-6.421), patients treated with myeloablative conditioning regimen (HR=2.463, 95% CI=1.757-4.320), and patients with acute GVHD (HR=3.553, 95% CI=1.809-6.978), sepsis (HR=3.215, 95% CI=1.189-6.333 ), or hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) (HR=3.487, 95% CI=1.392-6.524). Whereas, HLA histocompatibility showed no striking increased risk for acute renal injury (HR=1.684, 95% CI=0.648-4.378). The survival rate was lower in patients with severe nephrotoxicity (21.4%) than in patients without nephrotoxicity (70.6%) (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nephrotoxicity is the primary risk factor for AKI, severely impacting on survival. Sorts of risk factors mentioned will be useful for evaluation for kidney function of patients undergoing allo-HSCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jia-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Bao-An
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bi-Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bang-He
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000601:surgery; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000601:surgery; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine