title: The efficacy and safety of interleukin-1-receptor antagonist anakinra in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a debilitating childhood disease presenting with fever, rash and arthritis. Current therapy consisting mainly of corticosteroids, NSAIDs and methotrexate, can be inefficient and is often accompanied by many serious adverse events. Although an IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) seems to be very efficient in case series, it is not registered for use in sJIA. Pediatric rheumatologists all over the world are having a hard time to convince insurance companies to approve off-label use of this drug for their sJIA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the MeSH terms 'Arthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid' and 'Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein', we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and reference lists of selected articles. This review is largely based on manuscripts from 2005 to 2010 and abstracts presented at the major (pediatric) rheumatology congresses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review summarizes the data of 140 children with sJIA treated with anakinra and enables an understanding in the benefit-risk profile of anakinra in sJIA patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anakinra has shown to be a very efficient and quick acting medicine in reducing symptoms even in therapy-resistant sJIA patients with typically poor outcomes.
authors.affiliation: VU University Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Infectious diseases, Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. swart@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Joost Frans
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: Daantje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barug
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möhlmann
authors.forename: Nico M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Wulffraat
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D004348:Drug Labeling; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056687:Off-Label Use; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein