title: Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of small functional adrenal neoplasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of radiofrequency (RF) ablation as a primary treatment for symptomatic primary functional adrenal neoplasms and determine the efficacy of treatment with use of clinical and biochemical follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining institutional review board approval, the authors retrospectively evaluated images and medical records from 13 consecutive patients with symptomatic functional adrenal neoplasms (<3.2 cm in diameter) who underwent RF ablation during a 7-year period. There were six men and seven women with a mean age of 54.1 years (range, 42-71 years). Cross-sectional images, findings from clinical examination, and adrenal biochemical markers were available for all patients. Ten of the 13 patients (77%) had an aldosteronoma and one patient each had a cortisol-secreting tumor, testosterone-secreting tumor, and pheochromocytoma. RF ablation was performed by two radiologists using an internally cooled electrode and a pulsed technique according to manufacturer's specifications. Clinical and laboratory follow-up was performed for all patients. Three patients underwent imaging follow-up for other reasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients demonstrated resolution of abnormal biochemical markers after ablation (mean biochemical follow-up, 21.2 months). In addition, all patients experienced resolution of clinical symptoms or syndromes, including hypertension and hypokalemia (in patients with aldosteronoma), Cushing syndrome (in the patient with cortisol-secreting tumor), virilizing symptoms (in the patient with testosterone-secreting tumor), and hypertension (in the patient with pheochromocytoma). For the patients with aldosteronoma, improvements in hypertension management were noted. The mean blood pressure before ablation was 149/90 mm Hg with a mean (±standard deviation) of 3.1 ± 0.6 blood pressure medications, and this decreased to 122/77 mm Hg at a mean of 2.8 months after ablation with 1.3 ± 0.9 medications (P < .001) and 124/75 mm Hg at a mean of 41.4 months. There were two minor complications: one small pneumothorax and one limited hemothorax, neither of which required overnight admission. There were two episodes of transient self-remitting procedural hypertension-one in a patient with aldosteronoma and one in the patient with a cortisol-secreting tumor; however, none of these patients required further therapy during overnight observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RF ablation may be an effective, minimally invasive method for treating small functional primary adrenal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA. mishal_lala@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mishal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendiratta-Lala
authors.forename: Darren D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Olga R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Salomao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faintuch
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mowschenson
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sheiman
authors.forename: S Nahum
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor