title: Rhinovirus species and their clinical presentation among different risk groups of non-hospitalized patients.
abstract: Infections caused by Human Rhinoviruses (HRVs) account for 25-50% of respiratory illnesses among individuals presenting influenza-like illness (ILI). HRVs could be classified in at least three species: HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C. The HRV-C species has frequently been described among children and has led to severe illness resulting in hospitalization; however, the occurrence among adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical presentation and species distribution of HRV infections in different populations during 2001-2008. A total of 770 samples were collected. Subjects consisted of 136 adults from the general community and 207 health-care workers (2001-2003), 232 renal-transplanted outpatients (2002-2004), 70 children with congenital heart disease (2005) and 125 children from a day-care center (2008). Amplification of HRV genes was performed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HRV was detected in 27.4% of samples (211/770), with 72 children (36.9%) and 139 adults infected (24.2%). A total of 89.61% (138/154) unknown HRV strains were sequenced, and 79.22% (122/138) were analyzed. We identified 74 isolates (60.7%) of the HRV A species, 21 (17.2%) of the HRV B species and 27 isolates (22.1%) of the HRV C species. HRV species A and B caused ILI among adult patients, whereas HRV-C did not. The dynamics of infection among different species deserve further analysis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. aripuana77@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aripuana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Emerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Janete
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamikawa
authors.forename: Elcio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bellei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral