title: The exercise and affect relationship: evidence for the dual-mode model and a modified opponent process theory.
abstract: This study examined the relationship between exertion level and affect using the framework of opponent-process theory and the dual-mode model, with the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist and the State Anxiety Inventory among 14 active and 14 sedentary participants doing 20 min of treadmill exercise at speeds of 5% below, 5% above, and at lactate threshold (LT). We found a significant effect of time, condition, Time × Condition, and Time × Group, but no group, Group × Condition, or Time × Group × Condition effects, such that the 5% above LT condition produced a worsening of affect in-task compared with all other conditions whereas, across conditions, participants experienced in-task increases in energy and tension, and in-task decreases in tiredness and calmness relative to baseline. Posttask, participants experienced mood improvement (decreased tension, anxiety, and increased calmness) across conditions, with a 30-min delay in the above LT condition. These results partially support the dual-mode model and a modified opponent-process theory.
authors.affiliation: Psychology, Wells College, Aurora, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Shawn M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Arent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult