title: Vitamin D and breast cancer recurrence in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of research evaluating the relation between vitamin D and recurrence of breast cancer after treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the associations between circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and dietary, supplemental, and total intake of vitamin D and recurrent or new breast cancer events within the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study design (n = 3085) was used to evaluate the relation between dietary, supplemental, and total vitamin D intake and recurrent breast cancer, and a nested case-control study with 512 matched pairs was used for analysis of the association between 25(OH)D and breast cancer recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No relation between 25(OH)D and breast cancer recurrence was observed. Compared with women with serum concentrations of 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for breast cancer recurrence were 1.14 (0.57, 2.31) for those with concentrations < 10 ng/mL, 1.00 (0.68-1.48) for concentrations ≥ 10 and < 20 ng/mL, and 1.05 (0.76, 1.47) for concentrations ≥ 20 and < 30 ng/mL. No significant associations were observed when analyses were stratified by pre- and postmenopausal status or for local, regional, or distant recurrence or death. Vitamin D intake was not related to breast cancer recurrence overall, although for premenopausal women there was a significant inverse association between dietary vitamin D intake and recurrence (P for trend = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results do not provide support for a relation between concentrations of 25(OH)D after treatment and the recurrence of breast cancer. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov for the WHEL Study as NCT00003787.
authors.affiliation: Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA. jacobse@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Shirley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Flatt
authors.forename: Wael K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Al-Delaimy
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hibler
authors.forename: Lovell A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Vicky A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D