title: Coffee consumption and the risk of heart failure in Finnish men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of coffee consumption with the risk of heart failure (HF) in the Finnish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective population-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study, which is a part of FINRISK study, was carried out in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study cohorts included 59,490 Finnish participants aged 25-74 years who were free of HF at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  HF (2020 men and 1807 women) during a mean follow-up of 19.2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariable-adjusted (age, study year, body mass index, smoking, education, alcohol consumption, tea consumption, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, history of myocardial infarction, history of valvular heart disease, history of diabetes and total cholesterol) HRs (with 95% CI) of HF associated with the amount of coffee consumption daily (0, 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-9 and ≥10 cups) were 1.00, 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16), 0.88 (0.70 to 1.10), 0.91 (0.73 to 1.13), 0.96 (0.76 to 1.22) and 1.02 (0.80 to 1.30) (p(trend) = 0.485) for men and 1.00, 0.73 (0.56 to 0.97), 0.77 (0.60 to 0.98), 0.68 (0.53 to 0.88), 0.80 (0.61 to 1.04) and 0.88 (0.65 to 1.19) (p(trend) = 0.007) for women, respectively. Stratification by age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index gave similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coffee consumption does not increase the risk of HF in Finnish men and women. In women, an inverse association was observed between low to moderate coffee consumption and the risk of HF.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. gang.hu@pbrc.edu
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jousilahti
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antikainen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mähönen
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Katzmarzyk
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee