title: An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes.
abstract: The widely used nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes mellitus shares multiple characteristics with the human disease, and studies employing this model continue to yield clinically relevant and important information. Here, we review some of the recent key findings obtained from NOD mouse investigations that have both advanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and suggested new therapeutic targets and approaches. Areas discussed include antigen discovery, identification of genes and pathways contributing to disease susceptibility, development of strategies to image islet inflammation and the testing of therapeutics. We also review recent technical advances that, combined with an improved understanding of the NOD mouse model's limitations, should work to ensure its popularity, utility and relevance in the years ahead.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Rodolfo José
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chaparro
authors.forename: Teresa P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Dilorenzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055808:Drug Discovery; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques / Q000639:trends; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens