title: Competitive time- and density-dependent adhesion of staphylococci and osteoblasts on crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer coatings in co-culture flow chambers.
abstract: Biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) remain a serious clinical complication, often arising from an inability of host tissue-implant integration to out-compete bacterial adhesion and growth. A commercial polymer coating based on polyethylene glycol (PEG), available in both chemically inert and NHS-activated forms (OptiChem(®)), was compared for simultaneous growth of staphylococci and osteoblasts. In the absence of staphylococci, osteoblasts adhered and proliferated well on glass controls and on the NHS-reactive PEG-based coating over 48 h, but not on the inert PEG coating. Staphylococcal growth was low on both PEG-based coatings. When staphylococci were pre-adhered on surfaces for 1.5 h to mimic peri-operative contamination, osteoblast growth and spreading was reduced on glass but virtually absent on both reactive and inert PEG-based coatings. Thus although NHS-reactive, PEG-based coatings stimulated tissue-cell interactions in the absence of contaminating staphylococci, the presence of adhering staphylococci eliminated osteoblast adhesion advantages on the PEG surface. This study demonstrates the importance of using bacterial and cellular co-cultures compared to monocultures when assessing functionalized biomaterials coatings for infectious potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Isabel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Saldarriaga Fernández
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
authors.forename: Steve W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Henny C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Mei
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols