Evaluation of butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam as a reversible narcotic combination in free-ranging African lions (Panthera leo).
Wenger
Sandra
S
Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland. swenger@vetclinics.uzh.ch
Buss
Peter
P
Joubert
Jenny
J
Steenkamp
Johan
J
Shikwambana
Purvance
P
Hatt
Jean-Michel
JM
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008045:Lions; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013019:South Africa
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam