Acidemia does not affect outcomes of patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema treated with continuous positive airway pressure.
BACKGROUND
A lack of data exists in the literature evaluating acidemia on admission as a favorable or negative prognostic factor in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) treated with non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of acidemia on admission on outcomes of ACPE patients treated with CPAP.


METHODS
This was a retrospective, observational study of consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of ACPE to the Emergency Department of IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, between January 2003 and December 2006, treated with CPAP on admission. Two groups of patients were identified: subjects with acidemia (acidotic group), and those with a normal pH on admission (controls). The primary endpoint was clinical failure, defined as switch to bi-level ventilation, switch to endotracheal intubation or inhospital mortality.


RESULTS
Among the 378 patients enrolled, 290 (77%) were acidotic on admission. A total of 28 patients (9.7%) in the acidotic group and eight patients (9.1%) among controls experienced a clinical failure (odds ratio = 1.069, 95% confidence interval = 0.469 to 2.438, P = 0.875). Survival analysis indicates that, among acidotic patients, the time at which 50% of patients reached the 7.35 threshold was 173 minutes (95% confidence interval = 153 to 193). Neither acidemia (P = 0.205) nor the type of acidosis on admission (respiratory acidosis, P = 0.126; metabolic acidosis, P = 0.292; mixed acidosis, P = 0.397) affected clinical failure after adjustment for clinical and laboratory factors in a multivariable logistic regression model.


CONCLUSIONS
Neither acidemia nor the type of acidosis on admission should be considered risk factors for adverse outcomes in ACPE patients treated with CPAP.
Dipartimento Toraco-Polmonare e Cardio-Circolatorio, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F, Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy. stefano.aliberti@policlinico.mi.it
Stefano
S
Aliberti
Federico
F
Piffer
Anna Maria
AM
Brambilla
Angelo A
AA
Bignamini
Valentina D
VD
Rosti
Tommaso
T
Maraffi
Valter
V
Monzani
Roberto
R
Cosentini
D000138:Acidosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013575:Syncope / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome