Long-term follow-up of patients with esophageal replacement by reversed gastric tube.
OBJECTIVE
Various surgical procedures are used for esophageal substitution in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in children who underwent esophageal replacement by reversed gastric tube and to assess some aspects of the physiological function and behavior of the reversed gastric tube.


METHODS
This study was a retrospective and prospective review of 16 patients who had undergone reversed gastric tube esophagoplasty between March 1990 and March 2009. Indications for esophageal replacement included esophageal atresia with or without fistula (10) and caustic injury (6). There were 10 boys and 6 girls. Age at the time of this study varied from 1.7-20 years. The interval between operation and follow-up varied; it was more than 3 months in all cases, with an average of 8 months. Follow-up studies included clinical evaluation, anthropometry, barium study (to look for anastomotic leak, stricture, passage of contrast, ulcer, diverticulum, peristalsis and emptying), neoesophagus motility patterns by manometry, 24-h pH monitoring and radionuclide studies (to investigate esophageal transit and gastric emptying times and gastroesophageal reflux). Statistical analysis was carried out using STATA 9.0 and continuous variables were compared between the tests using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.


RESULTS
Of the 16 children, 12 were between the 3 (rd) and 97 (th) percentiles for weight and 10 were between the 3 (rd) and 97 (th) percentiles for height for their respective age group. 14 were eating and swallowing normally. 2 patients had slight swallowing difficulties with lumpy foods but did not require dilatations. None of our patients had respiratory problems. The children with corrosive stricture were almost normal in growth and development compared to esophageal atresia patients. Barium swallow showed normal swallowing in all patients and did not show gastroesophageal reflux. Mass contractions were seen in two-thirds of the patients on manometry. 24-h pH monitoring showed that the intraluminal pH remained consistently low, even long after operative treatment. Scintigraphy and barium swallow showed almost similar results except that scintigraphy was much more sensitive in detecting reflux.


CONCLUSIONS
Almost all children remained asymptomatic and led a normal life. The function of the neoesophagus was good and growth and nutrition in the majority of patients was satisfactory.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Surgery, New Delhi, India.
L
L
Gupta
V
V
Bhatnagar
A K
AK
Gupta
R
R
Kumar
D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004944:Esophagoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000637:transplantation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome