Effects of a creative expression intervention on emotions, communication, and quality of life in persons with dementia.
BACKGROUND
Effective nonpharmacological interventions are needed to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms and to improve quality of life for the 5.3 million Americans affected by dementia.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a storytelling program, TimeSlips, on communication, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in long-term care residents with dementia.


METHODS
A quasi-experimental, two-group, repeated measures design was used to compare persons with dementia who were assigned to the twice-weekly, 6-week TimeSlips intervention group (n = 28) or usual care group (n = 28) at baseline and postintervention at Weeks 7 and 10. Outcome measures included the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version, the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills, the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease, and the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (this last measure was collected also at Weeks 3 and 6 during TimeSlips for the treatment group and during mealtime for the control group).


RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the treatment group exhibited significantly higher pleasure at Week 3 (p < .001), Week 6 (p < .001), and Week 7 (p < .05). Small to moderate treatment effects were found for Week 7 social communication (d = .49) and basic needs communication (d = .43). A larger effect was found for pleasure at Week 7 (d = .58).


CONCLUSIONS
As expected, given the engaging nature of the TimeSlips creative storytelling intervention, analyses revealed increased positive affect during and at 1 week postintervention. In addition, perhaps associated with the intervention's reliance on positive social interactions and verbal communication, participants evidenced improved communication skills. However, more frequent dosing and booster sessions of TimeSlips may be needed to show significant differences between treatment and control groups on long-term effects and other outcomes.
Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA. phillipslo@missouri.edu
Lorraine J
LJ
Phillips
Stephanie A
SA
Reid-Arndt
Youngju
Y
Pak
D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003142:Communication; D003405:Creativity; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008923:Missouri; D033262:Narration; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities