Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood.
BACKGROUND
Although the prevalence of obesity has increased in recent years, individuals who are obese early in life have not been studied over time to determine whether they develop severe obesity in adulthood, thus limiting effective interventions to reduce severe obesity incidence and its potentially life-threatening associated conditions.


OBJECTIVE
To determine incidence and risk of severe obesity in adulthood by adolescent weight status.


METHODS
A cohort of 8834 individuals aged 12 to 21 years enrolled in 1996 in wave II of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, followed up into adulthood (ages 18-27 years during wave III [2001-2002] and ages 24-33 years during wave IV [2007-2009]). Height and weight were obtained via anthropometry and surveys administered in study participants' homes using standardized procedures.


METHODS
New cases of adult-onset severe obesity were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity, and adolescent weight status. Sex-stratified, discrete time hazard models estimated the net effect of adolescent obesity (aged <20 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart or BMI ≥30.0) on risk of severe obesity incidence in adulthood (aged ≥20 years; BMI ≥40.0), adjusting for race/ethnicity and age and weighted for national representation.


RESULTS
In 1996, 79 (1.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%-1.4%) adolescents were severely obese; 60 (70.5%; 95% CI, 57.2%-83.9%) remained severely obese in adulthood. By 2009, 703 (7.9%; 95% CI, 7.4%-8.5%) non-severely obese adolescents had become severely obese in adulthood, with the highest rates for non-Hispanic black women. Obese adolescents were significantly more likely to develop severe obesity in young adulthood than normal-weight or overweight adolescents (hazard ratio, 16.0; 95% CI, 12.4-20.5).


CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort, obesity in adolescence was significantly associated with increased risk of incident severe obesity in adulthood, with variations by sex and race/ethnicity.
Departments of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, USA.
Natalie S
NS
The
Chirayath
C
Suchindran
Kari E
KE
North
Barry M
BM
Popkin
Penny
P
Gordon-Larsen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044469:Racial Groups; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult