Comparison of net anaerobic energy utilisation estimated by plasma lactate accumulation rate and accumulated oxygen deficit in Thoroughbred horses.
BACKGROUND
Accumulated O(2) deficit (AOD) and plasma lactate accumulation rate (PLAR) are alternative methods for estimating net anaerobic energy utilisation (NAEU) in exercising horses. How they compare or their accuracy is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
We hypothesised net anaerobic energy utilisation calculated by PLAR (NAUE(PLAR)) is equivalent to NAUE estimated by AOD (NAUE(AOD)).


METHODS
Six Thoroughbred horses ran at identical supramaximal speeds (118% aerobic capacity) until exhaustion for 2 runs while breathing normoxic (NO, 21% O(2)) or hyperoxic (HO, 26% O(2)) gas. Jugular blood was sampled at 15 s intervals to measure plasma lactate concentration. Horses also ran at incremental submaximal speeds from 1.7-11.0 m/s to determine the linear relationship between speed and O(2) consumption to estimate O(2) demand for AOD calculations.


RESULTS
Maximum O(2) consumption of horses increased 11.6 ± 2.3% in HO and NAEU(PLAR) and NAUE(AOD) decreased 38.5 ± 8.0% and 46.2 ± 17.7%, respectively. The NAEU(PLAR) in NO was 114.5 ± 27.4 mlO(2) (STPD) equivalent/kg bwt contributing 23.5 ± 3.7% to total energy turnover and in HO was 70.9 ± 19.8 mlO(2) (STPD) equivalent/kg bwt contributing 14.6 ± 3.8% to total energy turnover. The NAUE(AOD) in NO was 88.6 ± 24.3 mlO(2) (STPD) equivalent/kg bwt contributing 19.9 ± 2.1% to total energy turnover and in HO was 56.2 ± 19.1 mlO(2) (STPD) equivalent/kg bwt contributing 10.9 ± 4.3% to total energy turnover. Overall, NAEU(AOD) was systematically biased -23.5 ± 16.8 mlO(2) (STPD) equivalent/kg bwt below NAEU(PLAR). Total energy demand estimated by PLAR was 11.1 ± 5.4% greater than that estimated by AOD and was higher in every horse.


CONCLUSIONS
The NAUE(PLAR) estimates average 40.0 ± 29.6% higher than NAUE(AOD) and are highly correlated (r(2) = 0.734), indicating both indices are sensitive to similar changes in NAEU. Accuracy of the estimates remains to be determined. Multiple considerations suggest NAUE(AOD) may underestimate total energy cost during high-speed galloping, thus biasing low the AOD estimate of NAEU.
Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Utsunomiya, Tokami-cho, Japan. hajime@centes.equinst.go.jp
H
H
Ohmura
K
K
Mukai
T
T
Takahashi
A
A
Matsui
A
A
Hiraga
J H
JH
Jones
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology
D019344:Lactic Acid