Tumor bracketing and safety margin estimation using multimodal marker seeds: a proof of concept.
Accurate tumor excision is crucial in the locoregional treatment of cancer, and for this purpose, surgeons often rely on guide wires or radioactive markers for guidance toward the lesion. Further improvement may be obtained by adding optical guidance to currently used methods, in the form of intra-operative fluorescence imaging. To achieve such a multimodal approach, we have generated markers that can be used in a pre-, intra-, and post-operative setting, based on a cocktail of a dual-emissive inorganic dye, lipids, and pertechnetate. Phantom experiments demonstrate that these seeds can be placed accurately around a surrogate tumor using ultrasound. Three-dimensional bracketing provides delineation of the entire lesion. Combined with the multimodal nature, this provides the opportunity to predetermine the resection margins by validating the placement accuracy using multiple imaging modalities (namely, x ray, MRI, SPECT/CT, and ultrasound). The dual-emissive fluorescent properties of the dye provide the unique opportunity to intra-operatively estimate the depth of the seed in the tissue via multispectral imaging: emission green λmax=520 nm≤5 mm penetration versus emission red λmax=660 nm≤12 mm penetration. By using particles with different colors, the original geographic orientation of the excised tissue can be determined.
Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Oncology at the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tessa
T
Buckle
Patrick T K
PT
Chin
Nynke S
NS
van den Berg
Claudette E
CE
Loo
Wim
W
Koops
Kenneth G A
KG
Gilhuijs
Fijs W B
FW
van Leeuwen
D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes