A neurotensin analog, NT69L, attenuates intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats.
NT69L is a neurotensin analog that blocks nicotine-induced locomotor activity and has sustained efficacy in a rat model of nicotine-induced sensitization when administered peripherally. Additionally, NT69L attenuates food-reinforcement in rats. The present study tested the effect of acute administration of NT69L on nicotine self-infusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were trained to self-infuse nicotine intravenously (0.03mg/kg per infusion) following operant training. Once the rats acquired stable responding to nicotine self-infusion they were pretreated with NT69L (1mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 30min before being assessed for nicotine self-infusion. Pretreatment with NT69L significantly attenuated nicotine self-infusion under FR1 (fixed ratio of 1) and FR5 schedule of reinforcement as compared to saline pretreatment. Control rats that were response-independent "yoked" as well as rats that self-infused saline or NT69L showed minimal responses, indicating that nicotine served as a reinforcer. Additionally, NT69L modulated serum corticosterone; brain norepinephrine serotonin; and dopamine receptors mRNA levels altered in the nicotine self-infused rats after a 24h withdrawal period. Pretreatment with NT69L significantly decreased the nicotine-induced increase in serum corticosterone levels and striatal norepinephrine and increased the nicotine-induced reduction in serotonin in both the striatum and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). NT69L might modulate dopamine neurotransmission implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine by modulating tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine receptor mRNA levels in the PFC and striatum. These data support further study of the effects of NT analogs on attenuating the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants.
Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. boules.mona@mayo.edu
Mona
M
Boules
Alfredo
A
Oliveros
Yanqi
Y
Liang
Katrina
K
Williams
Amanda
A
Shaw
Jessica
J
Robinson
Paul
P
Fredrickson
Elliott
E
Richelson
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012646:Self Administration; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
D010446:Peptide Fragments; C407520:neurotensin (8-13), N-methyl-Arg(8)-Lys(9)-neo-Trp(11)-neo-Leu(12)-; D012701:Serotonin; D009496:Neurotensin; D009538:Nicotine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine