A novel role for TNFAIP2: its correlation with invasion and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine that is present in the microenvironment of many tumors and is known to promote tumor progression. To examine how TNFα modulates the progression and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we used Affymetrix chips to identify TNFα-inducible genes that are dysregulated in this tumor. Elevated expression of TNFAIP2, which encodes TNFα-inducible protein 2 and not previously known to be associated with cancer, was found and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR of TNFAIP2 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the TNFAIP2 protein was highly expressed in tumor cells. Analysis of 95 nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy specimens revealed that high TNFAIP2 expression was significantly correlated with high-level intratumoral microvessel density (P=0.005) and low distant metastasis-free survival (P=0.001). A multivariate analysis further confirmed that TNFAIP2 was an independent prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P=0.002). In vitro, TNFα treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HK1 cells was found to induce TNFAIP2 expression, and siRNA-based knockdown of TNFAIP2 dramatically reduced the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HK1 cells. These results collectively suggest for the first time that TNFAIP2 is a cell migration-promoting protein and its expression predicts distant metastasis. Our data suggest that TNFAIP2 may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Lih-Chyang
LC
Chen
Chia-Chun
CC
Chen
Ying
Y
Liang
Ngan-Ming
NM
Tsang
Yu-Sun
YS
Chang
Chuen
C
Hsueh
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C085839:TNFAIP2 protein, human