Prognostic factors for persistence of chronic abdominal pain in children.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to identify prognostic factors for the persistence of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children.


METHODS
For this systematic review, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched up to June 2008 for prospective follow-up studies of pediatric CAP as defined by the criteria of Apley, von Baeyer, or the Rome committee. The outcome measure of interest was persistence of CAP. Persistent CAP was considered only when the abdominal pain of children with CAP persisted during follow-up at the same level of frequency and severity. For each study the risk for bias was assessed. The evidence for prognostic factors was summarized according to a best-evidence synthesis.


RESULTS
Eight studies, which examined 17 prognostic factors, were included. Moderate evidence was found that having a parent with gastrointestinal symptoms predicts the persistence of CAP. Strong evidence was found for no association between female sex and the duration of CAP, and moderate evidence that the severity of abdominal pain does not predict persistence of CAP. There is conflicting evidence as to whether psychological factors prevent, or have no relation with, persistence of CAP.


CONCLUSIONS
Because there are few prognostic follow-up studies on pediatric CAP, the evidence for prognostic factors is limited. Physicians should ask about parental gastrointestinal problems because this is a risk factor for persistence of CAP in children. The hypothesis that psychological factors of the child predict persistence of CAP is not supported by evidence from the follow-up studies.
Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Marieke J
MJ
Gieteling
Sita Ma
SM
Bierma-Zeinstra
Yvonne
Y
Lisman-van Leeuwen
Jan
J
Passchier
Marjolein Y
MY
Berger
D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors