Endothelial cells from humans and mice with polycystic kidney disease are characterized by polyploidy and chromosome segregation defects through survivin down-regulation.
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary and systemic disorder associated with various cardiovascular complications. It has been implicated with dysfunction in primary cilia. We and others have shown that the immediate function of endothelial cilia is to sense extracellular signal. The long-term function of cilia is hypothesized to regulate cell cycle. Here, we show that ciliary function (polycystins) and structure (polaris) are required for proper cellular division. Cilia mutant cells undergo abnormal cell division with apparent defects in mitotic spindle formation, cellular spindle assembly checkpoint and centrosome amplification. Down-regulation of the chromosomal passenger survivin contributes to these abnormalities, which further result in cell polyploidy. Re-expression of survivin restores a competent spindle assembly checkpoint and reduces polyploidy. Aged animals show a more severe phenotype in cellular division, consistent with progression of cardiovascular complications seen in older ADPKD patients. For the first time, we show that structure and function of mechanosensory cilia are crucial in maintaining proper cellular proliferation. Furthermore, developmental aging plays a crucial role in the progression of these abnormal cellular phenotypes. We propose that abnormal function or structure of primary cilia not only causes failure to transmit extracellular signals, but also is associated with cytokinesis defects in both mice and humans with polycystic kidney disease.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA. wissam.aboualaiwi@utoledo.edu
Wissam A
WA
AbouAlaiwi
Shobha
S
Ratnam
Robert L
RL
Booth
Jagesh V
JV
Shah
Surya M
SM
Nauli
D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D002923:Cilia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007621:Karyotyping; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011123:Polyploidy; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000473:pathology; D000077022:Survivin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse