Antiradical activity, phenolics profile, and hydroxymethylfurfural in espresso coffee: influence of technological factors.
The influence of technological factors (decaffeination, brew volume, coffee species, and roast degree) on antiradical activity and phenolics content of espresso coffee is described. The screenings of phenolics profile and other compounds (caffeine and trigonelline), as well as the quantification of hydroxymethylfurfural, were performed by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Significantly lower (p < 0.05) scavenging activities and phenolics contents were found in decaffeinated espressos when compared with regular ones (32 vs 38% and 324 vs 410 mg/30 mL cup, respectively). A long espresso (70 mL) offers more than twice the phenolics amount of a short one (20 mL). Robusta brews showed higher (p < 0.05) antiradical activity and phenolic contents than arabica ones, for all roast degrees (light, medium, and dark). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for scavenging activities of differently roasted robusta brews, whereas an increase in medium-dark brews was observed for arabica samples. Total phenolics in robusta espressos decreased (p < 0.05) with the increase of roast degree, but no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between arabica espressos from different roasts. By LC-DAD-ESI-MS, 23 hydroxycinnamic derivatives were found, including chlorogenic acids, lactones, and cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates. The amount of each compound was differently affected by species and roast. Robusta brews presented superior levels of caffeine and chlorogenic acids, whereas arabica ones contained more trigonelline. Hydroxymethylfurfural contents in the brew (30 mL) varied from 2.60 to 0.84 mg for light- and dark-roasted arabicas and from 1.29 to 0.68 mg for light- and dark-roasted robustas, respectively.
REQUIMTE/Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
Rita C
RC
Alves
Anabela S G
AS
Costa
María
M
Jerez
Susana
S
Casal
Jorge
J
Sineiro
María J
MJ
Núñez
Beatriz
B
Oliveira
D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
D003069:Coffee; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D002110:Caffeine; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde