The plant alkaloid piperine as a potential inhibitor of ethidium bromide efflux in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Piperine, a major plant alkaloid found in black pepper (Piper nigrum) and long pepper (Piper longum), has shown potential for inhibiting the efflux pump (EP) of Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, a modulation assay showed that piperine could decrease the MIC of ethidium bromide (EtBr) twofold at 32&emsp14;μg ml(-1) and fourfold at 64&emsp14;μg ml(-1) against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155 ATCC 700084. A real-time, 96-well plate fluorometric method was employed to evaluate the EP inhibition ability of piperine in M. smegmatis. Reserpine, chlorpromazine, verapamil and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone were used as positive controls. Piperine significantly enhanced accumulation and decreased the efflux of EtBr in M. smegmatis, which suggests that it has the ability to inhibit mycobacterial EPs.
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Jing
J
Jin
Key and Open Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
Jiyu
J
Zhang
Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Na
N
Guo
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Haihua
H
Feng
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Lei
L
Li
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Junchao
J
Liang
Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China.
Kai
K
Sun
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Xiuping
X
Wu
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Xuelin
X
Wang
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Mingyuan
M
Liu
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Xuming
X
Deng
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
Lu
L
Yu
D000470:Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004996:Ethidium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000187:drug effects*; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry; D029222:Piper nigrum / Q000737:chemistry; D010880:Piperidines / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000470:Alkaloids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D004996:Ethidium; C008922:piperine