Subchronic effects of dipyrone on the fish species Rhamdia quelen.
The use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as dipyrone is so widespread that this drug and its metabolites have been detected in effluents and surface water. This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxic effects of dipyrone on the aquatic environment, using a native fish species, Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to three concentrations of dipyrone, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L, in the water for 15 days, and hematological, biochemical, genetic and morphological biomarkers were evaluated. The glutathione S-transferase activity decreased in the highest concentration in relation to the control group. In addition, hematocrit, red blood cells and thrombocyte counts were decreased in all three exposed groups in relation to the control group. The comet assay showed DNA damage at the lowest concentration of dipyrone and significant kidney damage. Those results suggest that a constant exposure of aquatic organisms to dipyrone presents potential toxic effects.
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
J H
JH
Pamplona
E T
ET
Oba
T A
TA
da Silva
L P
LP
Ramos
W A
WA
Ramsdorf
M M
MM
Cestari
C A Oliveira
CA
Ribeiro
A R
AR
Zampronio
H C Silva
HC
de Assis
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004177:Dipyrone; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase