Relationship of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and hypertension in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between ACE gene polymorphism I/D and hypertension in Yogyakarta population.


METHODS
This study is a cross-sectional. Sample was taken by random sampling method from hypertensive, prehypertensve and normotensive subjects; from that were obtained 125 subjects, 97 subjects and 108 subjects, consecutively. ACE gene polymorphism I/D was examined by PCR. Genotype was classified as II, ID, or DD based on positive or negative insertion/delation allele.


RESULTS
This study shows significant differences of three groups (ages, body mass index (BMI), and family history of hypertension) and total cholesterol level in blood, which tends to have greater value in the hypertension group. Frequency of genotype II, ID, DD are 85 (68%), 39 (31.2%), 1 (0.8%) in hypertension, 66 (61.1%), 38 (35.2%), 4 (3.7%) in normo-tension and 56 (57.7%), 37 (38.1%), 4 (4.1%) in pre-hypertension subject, consecutively. Chi-square analysis shows statistically significant association between ID+DD vs. II genotype and hypertension. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows four variables that significantly influence to hypertension, namely ages, family history of hypertension, BMI, and ACE gene polymorphism.


CONCLUSIONS
ACE ID+DD genotype has significant relationship with hypertension in Melati population, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Jl. Diponegoro no. 71, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia. lucky_aziza@cbn.net.id
Lucky A
LA
Bawazier
Mochammad
M
Sja'bani
Sofia M
SM
Haryana
Marsetyawan H N E
MH
Soesatyo
Ahmad H
AH
Sadewa
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A