Laboratory-based rotavirus surveillance during the introduction of a vaccination program, Brazil, 2005-2009.
BACKGROUND
: Brazil introduced universal antirotavirus vaccination in March 2006. This article reports the results of rotavirus A (RV-A) surveillance from January 2005 to December 2009.


METHODS
: A total of 6109 fecal samples were collected in 18 Brazilian states. RV-A was detected by enzyme immunoassay and/or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and genotyped through seminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.


RESULTS
: RV-A was detected in 20.3% (n = 1242) of the samples. Among children less than 2 years old, regardless the antirotavirus vaccination status, the rates of RV-A detection were 33.8% in 2005, 23.7% in 2006, 16.8% in 2007, 22.9% in 2008, and 18.3% in 2009 (P < 0.001; χ test for linear trend). Among RV-A-positive samples, genotype G1P[8] or G1P[not typed(NT)] was detected in 14% in 2005, 12.3% in 2006, 9.5% in 2007, 0.7% in 2008, and 20.4% in 2009; G2P[4]/G2P[NT] was characterized in 9% in 2005, 49% in 2006, 66% in 2007, 85% in 2008, and 37.5% in 2009; G3P[8]/G3P[NT] was observed in 8.7% in 2005, 3.5% in 2006, and 5.7% in 2009; G9P[8]/G9P[NT] was observed in 52% in 2005, 22% in 2006, 12.3% in 2007, 3.2% in 2008, and 3.4% in 2009.


CONCLUSIONS
: Our data demonstrate the reemergence of RV-A genotype G2P[4] in Brazil from 2005 to 2008, and that the rate of G2P[4] detection decreased in 2009, probably reflecting natural oscillations of RV-A genotypes.
Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Brazil.
Filipe Anibal
FA
Carvalho-Costa
Eduardo de Mello
Ede M
Volotão
Rosane Maria Santos
RM
de Assis
Alexandre Madi
AM
Fialho
Juliana da Silva Ribeiro
Jda S
de Andrade
Ludmila Nascimento
LN
Rocha
Luis Fernando López
LF
Tort
Marcelle Figueira Marques
MF
da Silva
Mariela Martinez
MM
Gómez
Pamella Macedo
PM
de Souza
José Paulo Gagliardi
JP
Leite
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines