Environmental cadmium and breast cancer risk.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent women's cancer, with an age-adjusted incidence of 122.9 per 100,000 US women. Cadmium, a ubiquitous carcinogenic pollutant with multiple biological effects, has been reported to be associated with breast cancer in one US regional case-control study. We examined the association of breast cancer with urinary cadmium (UCd), in a case-control sample of women living on Long Island (LI), NY (100 with breast cancer and 98 without), a region with an especially high rate of breast cancer (142.7 per 100,000 in Suffolk County) and in a representative sample of US women (NHANES 1999-2008, 92 with breast cancer and 2,884 without). In a multivariable logistic model, both samples showed a significant trend for increased odds of breast cancer across increasing UCd quartiles (NHANES, p=0.039 and LI, p=0.023). Compared to those in the lowest quartile, LI women in the highest quartile had increased risk for breast cancer (OR=2.69; 95% CI=1.07, 6.78) and US women in the two highest quartiles had increased risk (OR=2.50; 95% CI=1.11, 5.63 and OR=2.22; 95% CI=.89, 5.52, respectively). Further research is warranted on the impact of environmental cadmium on breast cancer risk in specific populations and on identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Doctoral Program in Population Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Carolyn M
CM
Gallagher
John J
JJ
Chen
John S
JS
Kovach
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium