Role of PD-1 in regulating T-cell immunity.
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a member of the CD28 superfamily that delivers negative signals upon interaction with its two ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2. PD-1 and its ligands are broadly expressed and exert a wider range of immunoregulatory roles in T cells activation and tolerance compared with other CD28 members. Subsequent studies show that PD-1-PD-L interaction regulates the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance and protect tissues from autoimmune attack. PD-1 and its ligands are also involved in attenuating infectious immunity and tumor immunity, and facilitating chronic infection and tumor progression. The biological significance of PD-1 and its ligand suggests the therapeutic potential of manipulation of PD-1 pathway against various human diseases. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of PD-1 and its ligands ranging from discovery to clinical significance.
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Hyun-Tak
HT
Jin
Rafi
R
Ahmed
Taku
T
Okazaki
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008024:Ligands; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor