Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in association between periodontal disease and hyperlipidaemia.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in association between periodontal disease and hyperlipidaemia.


METHODS
One hundred and twenty-three subjects with hyperlipidaemia and 68 systemically healthy controls (C) were included in the study. Hyperlipidaemic groups were divided into two groups as suggested diet (HD) and prescribed statin (HS). Both groups were divided into three subgroups as healthy (h), gingivitis (g) and periodontitis (p). The clinical periodontal parameters, fasting venous blood and GCF samples were obtained, and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels were evaluated.


RESULTS
The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) was associated with gingival index and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP%) in both hyperlipidaemic groups. In HS group, GCF and serum IL-6 were positively correlated with BOP% and TC/HDL. GCF TNF-α was positively associated with probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, whereas serum TNF-α was associated with BOP% in the HD group. Serum and GCF TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly associated with TC/HDL in the HD group.


CONCLUSIONS
Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the association between periodontal disease and hyperlipidaemia.
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. ofentoglu@yahoo.com
Özlem
Ö
Fentoğlu
Banu Kale
BK
Köroğlu
Hicran
H
Hiçyılmaz
Tuba
T
Sert
Muhsin
M
Özdem
Recep
R
Sütçü
M Numan
MN
Tamer
Hikmet
H
Orhan
Zuhal Yetkin
ZY
Ay
Mine
M
Öztürk Tonguç
F Yeşim
FY
Kırzıoğlu
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008053:Lipid Mobilization / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D011758:Pyrroles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069059:Atorvastatin