A genome-wide association study identifies RNF213 as the first Moyamoya disease gene.
Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows progressive cerebral angiopathy characterized by bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis and abnormal collateral vessels. Although ∼ 15% of MMD cases are familial, the MMD gene(s) remain unknown. A genome-wide association study of 785,720 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed, comparing 72 Japanese MMD patients with 45 Japanese controls and resulting in a strong association of chromosome 17q25-ter with MMD risk. This result was further confirmed by a locus-specific association study using 335 SNPs in the 17q25-ter region. A single haplotype consisting of seven SNPs at the RNF213 locus was tightly associated with MMD (P = 5.3 × 10(-10)). RNF213 encodes a really interesting new gene finger protein with an AAA ATPase domain and is abundantly expressed in spleen and leukocytes. An RNA in situ hybridization analysis of mouse tissues indicated that mature lymphocytes express higher levels of Rnf213 mRNA than their immature counterparts. Mutational analysis of RNF213 revealed a founder mutation, p.R4859K, in 95% of MMD families, 73% of non-familial MMD cases and 1.4% of controls; this mutation greatly increases the risk of MMD (P = 1.2 × 10(-43), odds ratio = 190.8, 95% confidence interval = 71.7-507.9). Three additional missense mutations were identified in the p.R4859K-negative patients. These results indicate that RNF213 is the first identified susceptibility gene for MMD.
Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Fumiaki
F
Kamada
Yoko
Y
Aoki
Ayumi
A
Narisawa
Yu
Y
Abe
Shoko
S
Komatsuzaki
Atsuo
A
Kikuchi
Junko
J
Kanno
Tetsuya
T
Niihori
Masao
M
Ono
Naoto
N
Ishii
Yuji
Y
Owada
Miki
M
Fujimura
Yoichi
Y
Mashimo
Yoichi
Y
Suzuki
Akira
A
Hata
Shigeru
S
Tsuchiya
Teiji
T
Tominaga
Yoichi
Y
Matsubara
Shigeo
S
Kure
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D005190:Family; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
C557998:RNF213 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases