[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) dependence and the GHB withdrawal syndrome: diagnosis and treatment].
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a neurotransmitter that occurs naturally in the brain and is increasingly being used as a 'party drug' because of its relaxing and euphoria-inducing effects. GHB has a limited medical use in the treatment of narcolepsy. GHB-intoxications occur often in non-medical use, and generally result in a coma of short duration. GHB use several times a day can lead to tolerance and dependence. After sudden cessation or reduction of intensive GHB use, a severe withdrawal syndrome may occur with symptoms varying from tremor, anxiety and agitation to autonomic instability, hallucinations and delirium. Treatment of the GHB withdrawal syndrome consists of supportive care and benzodiazepines, often in high doses. The controlled detoxification of GHB using pharmaceutical GHB in an adjusted dose is currently being investigated in the Netherlands. There is no literature concerning the treatment of patients following GHB intoxication or after detoxification.
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, afd. Psychiatrie, Leiden, the Netherlands. m.s.van_noorden@lumc.nl
Martijn S
MS
van Noorden
Rama
R
Kamal
Cor A J
CA
de Jong
A C M Ton
AC
Vergouwen
Frans G
FG
Zitman
D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003128:Coma / Q000139:chemically induced; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy
D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D012978:Sodium Oxybate