Efficient generation of nonhuman primate induced pluripotent stem cells.
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have great potential for regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Thus far, iPS cells have typically been generated using integrating viral vectors expressing various reprogramming transcription factors; nonintegrating methods have been less effective and efficient. Because there is a significant risk of malignant transformation and cancer involved with the use of iPS cells, careful evaluation of transplanted iPS cells will be necessary in small and large animal studies before clinical application. Here, we have generated and characterized nonhuman primate iPS cells with the goal of evaluating iPS cell transplantation in a clinically relevant large animal model. We developed stable Phoenix-RD114-based packaging cell lines that produce OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4 (OSCK) expressing gammaretroviral vectors. Using these vectors in combination with small molecules, we were able to efficiently and reproducibly generate nonhuman primate iPS cells from pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). The established nonhuman primate iPS cells exhibited pluripotency and extensive self-renewal capacity. The facile and reproducible generation of nonhuman primate iPS cells using defined producer cells as a source of individual reprogramming factors should provide an important resource to optimize and evaluate iPS cell technology for studies involving stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
Bonan
B
Zhong
Grant D
GD
Trobridge
Xiaobing
X
Zhang
Korashon L
KL
Watts
Aravind
A
Ramakrishnan
Martin
M
Wohlfahrt
Jennifer E
JE
Adair
Hans-Peter
HP
Kiem
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017988:Gammaretrovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012306:Risk; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors