Survey of artemisinin production by diverse Artemisia species in northern Pakistan.
BACKGROUND
Artemisinin is the current drug of choice for treatment of malaria and a number of other diseases. It is obtained from the annual herb, Artemisia annua and some microbial sources by genetic engineering. There is a great concern that the artemisinin production at current rate will not meet the increasing demand by the pharmaceutical industry, so looking for additional sources is imperative.


METHODS
In current study, artemisinin concentration was analysed and compared in the flowers, leaves, roots and stems of Artemisia annua and 14 other Artemisia species including two varieties each for Artemisia roxburghiana and Artemisia dracunculus using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).


RESULTS
The highest artemisinin concentration was detected in the leaves (0.44 ± 0.03%) and flowers (0.42 ± 0.03%) of A. annua, followed by the flowers (0.34 ± .02%) of A. bushriences and leaves (0.27 ± 0%) of A. dracunculus var dracunculus. The average concentration of artemisinin varied in the order of flowers > leaves > stems > roots.


CONCLUSIONS
This study identifies twelve novel plant sources of artemisinin, which may be helpful for pharmaceutical production of artemisinin. This is the first report of quantitative comparison of artemisinin among a large number of Artemisia species.
Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. abdulmannan_ka@yahoo.com
Abdul
A
Mannan
Ibrar
I
Ahmed
Waheed
W
Arshad
Muhammad F
MF
Asim
Rizwana A
RA
Qureshi
Izhar
I
Hussain
Bushra
B
Mirza
D000962:Antimalarials / Q000032:analysis*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry
D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; C031327:artemisinin