PET imaging of tumor neovascularization in a transgenic mouse model with a novel 64Cu-DOTA-knottin peptide.
Due to the high mortality of lung cancer, there is a critical need to develop diagnostic procedures enabling early detection of the disease while at a curable stage. Targeted molecular imaging builds on the positive attributes of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to allow for a noninvasive detection and characterization of smaller lung nodules, thus increasing the chances of positive treatment outcome. In this study, we investigate the ability to characterize lung tumors that spontaneously arise in a transgenic mouse model. The tumors are first identified with small animal CT followed by characterization with the use of small animal PET with a novel 64Cu-1,4,7,10-tetra-azacylododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-knottin peptide that targets integrins upregulated during angiogenesis on the tumor associated neovasculature. The imaging results obtained with the knottin peptide are compared with standard 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET small animal imaging. Lung nodules as small as 3 mm in diameter were successfully identified in the transgenic mice by small animal CT, and both 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F and FDG were able to differentiate lung nodules from the surrounding tissues. Uptake and retention of the 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F tracer in the lung tumors combined with a low background in the thorax resulted in a statistically higher tumor to background (normal lung) ratio compared with FDG (6.01±0.61 versus 4.36±0.68; P<0.05). Ex vivo biodistribution showed 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F to have a fast renal clearance combined with low nonspecific accumulation in the thorax. Collectively, these results show 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F to be a promising candidate for clinical translation for earlier detection and improved characterization of lung cancer.
Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5427, USA.
Carsten H
CH
Nielsen
Richard H
RH
Kimura
Nadia
N
Withofs
Phuoc T
PT
Tran
Zheng
Z
Miao
Jennifer R
JR
Cochran
Zhen
Z
Cheng
Dean
D
Felsher
Andreas
A
Kjær
Juergen K
JK
Willmann
Sanjiv S
SS
Gambhir
D000818:Animals; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D057771:Cystine-Knot Miniproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D057771:Cystine-Knot Miniproteins; D016023:Integrins; C489428:Myc protein, mouse; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C495971:Hras protein, mouse; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)