Preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab use as an adjuvant to diabetic vitrectomy: histopathologic findings and clinical implications.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of intervals between preoperative intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) and surgery on the components of removed diabetic fibrovascular proliferative membranes.


METHODS
Interventional, consecutive, prospective, comparative case series.


METHODS
A total of 52 eyes of 49 patients with active diabetic fibrovascular proliferation with complications necessitating vitrectomy.


METHODS
Participant eyes that had IVB were divided into 8 groups in which vitreoretinal surgery was performed at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30 postinjection. A group of eyes with the same diagnosis and surgical intervention without IVB injection was used for comparison. In all eyes, proliferative membrane specimens obtained during vitrectomy were sent for histopathologic examination using hematoxylin-eosin stain, immunohistochemistry (CD34 and smooth muscle actin), and Masson's trichrome stain.


METHODS
Comparative analysis of different components of the fibrovascular proliferation (CD34, smooth muscle actin, and collagen) among the study groups.


RESULTS
Pan-endothelial marker CD34 expression levels starting from day 5 postinjection were significantly less than in the control group (P < 0.001), with minimum expression (1+) in all specimens removed at or after day 30 postinjection. Positive staining for smooth muscle actin was barely detected in the control eyes at day 1, and consistently intense at day 15 and beyond (P < 0.001). The expression level of trichrome staining was significantly high at day 10, compared with control eyes (P < 0.001), and continued to increase at subsequent surgical time points.


CONCLUSIONS
A profibrotic switch was observed in diabetic fibrovascular proliferation after IVB, and our results suggest that at approximately 10 days post-IVB the vascular component of proliferation is markedly reduced, whereas the contractile components (smooth muscle actin and collagen) are not yet abundant.
Magrabi Eye and Ear Center, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. hsabagh@yahoo.com
Hazem A
HA
El-Sabagh
Walid
W
Abdelghaffar
Ahmad M
AM
Labib
Carlos
C
Mateo
Tarek M
TM
Hashem
Dalal M
DM
Al-Tamimi
Abdulhafez A
AA
Selim
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014821:Vitrectomy; D055815:Young Adult
C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018952:Antigens, CD34; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003094:Collagen