Optimization of ultrasonic-stimulated solvent extraction of sinigrin from Indian mustard seed (Brassica Juncea L.) using response surface methodology.
BACKGROUND
Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate present in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seeds as the precursor of the anticancer compound allyl isothiocyanate, shows a wide range of biological activities. It's necessary to optimize the extraction methods and conditions, in order to improve the extraction productivity and save raw material.


OBJECTIVE
To systemically investigate and optimize the most important factors affected the productivity of sinigrin in the process of extraction using response surface methodology.


METHODS
The ranges of three main factors including the ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature were selected by the one-factor-at-a-time method. The conditions of ultrasonic-stimulated extraction of sinigrin from defatted Indian mustard seed powder were optimized by Box-Behnken design to obtain the maximum productivity.


RESULTS
The predicted productivity (3.81%) was obtained using 57% ethanol concentration at 81 °C for 60 min, with the coefficient of the model R² > 0.96 (n = 17). The actual productivity (3.84 ± 0.02%) of sinigrin under the optimized condition was increased by 70.67% compared with the result of conventional extraction. Meanwhile, HPLC, UV and IR were applied to examine if there is a difference between the ultrasonic-stimulated solvent extraction and conventional extraction, and the improvement of productivity of sinigrin depended on the destruction of cell wall caused by the elimination of outer pectinous material was explained by SEM and composition content analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The ultrasonic-stimulated solvent extraction was suggested to be a promising method to improve the productivity of sinigrin. And the results demonstrated that sinigrin productivity may be related to pectinous materials existed in the seeds.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Tianxin
T
Wang
Hao
H
Liang
Qipeng
Q
Yuan
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*
D005961:Glucosinolates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C010330:sinigrin