Pilot fatigue survey: exploring fatigue factors in air medical operations.
BACKGROUND
Humans confront significant physiological challenges with sleep and alertness when working in 24/7 operations.


METHODS
A web-based national survey of air medical pilots examined issues relevant to fatigue and sleep management.


RESULTS
Six hundred ninety-seven responses were received, with a majority of rotor wing pilots working 3/3/7 and 7/7 duty schedules. Over 84% of the pilots reported that fatigue had affected their flight performance; less than 28% reported "nodding off" during flight. More than 90% reported a separate work site "rest" room with a bed available. Over 90% reported no company policies restricting on-duty sleep. Approximately half of the pilots reported getting 4 hours or more sleep during a typical night shift. Approximately half reported that sleep inertia had never compromised flight safety. Over 90% reported that it was better to sleep during the night and overcome sleep inertia if necessary.


CONCLUSIONS
Survey results reflected practices that can mitigate the degrading effects of fatigue, including the availability of designated work-site sleep rooms. As demands continue to evolve, the need remains for sustained efforts to address fatigue-related risks in the air medical transport industry. This includes further study of sleep inertia issues and the need for alertness management programs.
Alertness Solutions, Cupertino, CA, USA. kgregory@alertsol.com
Kevin B
KB
Gregory
William
W
Winn
Kent
K
Johnson
Mark R
MR
Rosekind
D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000517:prevention & control; D017732:Air Ambulances; D003625:Data Collection; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology