Illegal female immigrants in The Netherlands have unmet needs in sexual and reproductive health.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the reproductive health problems of illegal female immigrants and what obstacles they experience when seeking help for these problems.


METHODS
One hundred illegal female immigrants in The Netherlands aged more than 18 years were provided with a structured list of common reproductive and sexual health problems. Further semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding their experiences with reproductive health facilities.


RESULTS
Obstacles accessing reproductive health facilities were frequently reported. Illegal female immigrants were not able to exercise control over their own reproductive and sexual health. The reasons for obstacles accessing reproductive health facilities include lack of information about reproductive health services and contraception, problems with paying for services, sexual and physical violence and fear of deportation. Obstacles accessing reproductive health facilities resulted in lacking or delayed pregnancy care (19% never received antenatal care), infrequent use of contraception and high abortion rates (64.9/1000). Of all interviewed women, 70% reported gynaecologic or sexual problems, and 28% reported past exposure to sexual violence.


CONCLUSIONS
The reproductive health status of illegal female immigrants in The Netherlands is worrisome. There is an urgent need to empower illegal women through education. The Dutch government should make efforts to improve access to reproductive health and family planning services.
Department Primary Care and Community Care, Women s Studies Medical sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands. m.schoevers@elg.umcn.nl
Maria A
MA
Schoevers
Maria E T C
ME
van den Muijsenbergh
Antoine L M
AL
Lagro-Janssen
D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003267:Contraception / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000193:education / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D011247:Pregnancy; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology