Isometric knee-extension and knee-flexion torque production during early follicular and postovulatory phases in recreationally active women.
BACKGROUND
Acute decreases in strength have been associated with risky biomechanical strategies that might predispose one to injury. Whether acute changes in thigh muscle torque occur across the menstrual cycle remains equivocal.


OBJECTIVE
We compared maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the knee flexors and extensors between the early follicular (EF) and either the early luteal (EL) or midluteal (ML) phases, which were confirmed by serum hormone concentrations. We expected that MVIC torques would increase from the EF to the EL phase after estradiol peaked and before increased exposure to progesterone.


METHODS
Cohort study.


METHODS
Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory.


METHODS
Seventy-one recreationally active women (age range, 18-30 years).


METHODS
The MVICs were measured 1 day during menses and 1 day during the 8 days after ovulation. Participants were grouped by the hormone profile of their luteal test days as EL phase, ML phase, or anovulatory cycle.


METHODS
The MVIC torque of knee flexors and extensors (Nm/kg), estradiol (pg/mL), progesterone (ng/mL), and testosterone (ng/dL).


RESULTS
We tested 29 women during their EL phases, 32 during their ML phases, and 10 during anovulatory cycles. Although we observed relatively large individual changes in sex hormone concentrations and MVIC torques across the 2 test sessions, we observed no difference in MVIC torque between test phases (F(1,68)  =  1.17, P  =  .28) or among groups by test phase (F(2,68)  =  0.31, P  =  .74).


CONCLUSIONS
Thigh MVIC torque did not change from time of menses (when estradiol and progesterone were lowest) to time in the luteal phase after an unopposed estradiol rise or combined estradiol and progesterone rise. However, these findings were limited to MVIC torque production measured at 2 different times, and further research examining these relationships at multiple times and using other measures of neuromuscular function is needed.
Department of Kinesiology, Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA. mmmontgo@uncg.edu
Melissa M
MM
Montgomery
Sandra J
SJ
Shultz
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011998:Recreation; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult
D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol