In vitro gastro-intestinal method for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated soils.
BACKGROUND
Balya and its associated villages which is a town of the Balikesir region of Turkey have very rich zinc, lead, and manganese mines. These mines have been operating since the thirteenth century and now there is heavy metal contamination in both the soil and natural waters in these areas.


METHODS
Soils were collected from Sarı su, Enverpaşa, and Hastanetepe which are in Balya town and Kadıköy, Kaşıkcı, Müstecap, Patlak, Çakallar, and Bengiler which are the villages near Balya and the mine areas. Nine trace analytes (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined using an acid extraction procedure as well as from PBET in vitro gastro-intestinal experiments using ICP-OES.


CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that high As, Ba, Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations were found in these soils. The amounts ingested by pica behavior of children at the rate of 10 g day(-1) are calculated using the results of in vitro intestinal bio-accessibility experiments.


CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the amount of As, Pb, Ba, and Cd levels ingested by pica behavior are substantially higher than tolerable daily intake values in most of the soils. When normal ingestion is taken into account, the tolerable daily limits are only exceeded for one element (Pb) and even then, only at two sites.
Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Balikesir University, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey.
Cennet
C
Karadaş
Derya
D
Kara
D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010842:Pica / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D017942:Nitric Acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; C022102:aqua regia