Menopause: highlighting the effects of resistance training.
The increase in lifespan and in the proportion of elderly women has increased the focus on menopause induced physiological alterations. These modifications are associated with the elevated risk of several pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fat liver disease, among others. Because of estrogen levels decline, many tissue and organs (muscular, bone, adipose tissue and liver) are affected. Additionally, body composition suffers important modifications. In this sense, there is a growing body of concern in understanding the physiological mechanisms involved and establishing strategies to prevent and reverse the effects of menopause. The hormone reposition therapy, diet and physical exercise have been recommended. Among the diverse exercise modalities, resistance training is not commonly used as a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of menopause. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the physiological alterations on several organs and systems induced by menopause and ovariectomy (experimental model to reproduce menopause), as well as, to study the effects of resistance training in preventing and reverting these modifications. In conclusion, resistance training promotes beneficial effects on several organs and systems, mainly, on muscular, bone and adipose tissue, allowing for a better quality of life in this population.
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Physiological Sciences Department, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, São Carlos, Brazil. rixleite@gmail.com
R D
RD
Leite
J
J
Prestes
G B
GB
Pereira
G E
GE
Shiguemoto
S E A
SE
Perez
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011788:Quality of Life; D055070:Resistance Training