14-3-3ζ as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for cancer.
BACKGROUND
The ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3ζ protein is involved in numerous important cellular pathways involved in cancer. Recent research suggests 14-3-3ζ may play a central role regulating multiple pathways responsible for cancer initiation and progression. This review will provide an overview of 14-3-3 proteins and address the role of 14-3-3ζ overexpression in cancer.


METHODS
The review covers the basic role of 14-3-3 in regulation of multiple pathways with a focus on 14-3-3ζ as a clinically relevant biomarker for cancer recurrence.


RESULTS
14-3-3ζ overexpression has been found in multiple cancers; however, the clinical implications were unclear. Recently, 14-3-3ζ has been identified as a biomarker for poor prognosis and chemoresistance in multiple tumor types, indicating a potential clinical application for using 14-3-3ζ in selecting treatment options and predicting cancer patients' outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
14-3-3ζ is a potential prognostic marker of cancer recurrence and predictive marker for therapeutic resistance. The overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in multiple cancers suggests that it may be a common target to intervene tumor progression; therefore, more efforts are needed for the development of 14-3-3 inhibitors.
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Christopher L
CL
Neal
Dihua
D
Yu
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor