Host attachment, invasion, and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by Campylobacter concisus and other non-Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter species.
BACKGROUND
Campylobacter concisus and other non-Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter species have been implicated in the initiation of gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between these bacteria and the human intestinal epithelium and immune cells.


METHODS
The ability of C. concisus, Campylobacter showae, Campylobacter hominis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus to invade epithelial cells was examined using scanning electron microscopy and gentamicin protection assays. Proinflammatory cytokines generated by epithelial and immune cells in response to these bacteria were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ussing Chamber, immunofluorescent stain, and Western blot were used to further elucidate the impact of C. concisus on intestinal barrier integrity and functions.


RESULTS
Attachment of non-C. jejuni Campylobacter species to Caco-2 or HT-29 cells was mediated by flagellum-dependent and/or -independent processes. C. concisus was able to invade Caco-2 cells, generate a membrane-ruffling effect on the epithelial surface on entry, and damage epithelial barrier functions by preferential attachment to the cell-cell junctions. Proinflammatory cytokine profiles exhibited by epithelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages in response to C. concisus and other non-C. jejuni Campylobacter species were species and strain specific.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that C. concisus and other non-C. jejuni Campylobacter species may play a role in initiating gastrointestinal diseases.
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australia.
Si Ming
SM
Man
Nadeem O
NO
Kaakoush
Steven T
ST
Leach
Lily
L
Nahidi
Hao K
HK
Lu
Jennifer
J
Norman
Andrew S
AS
Day
Li
L
Zhang
Hazel M
HM
Mitchell
D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology
D016207:Cytokines