Examination techniques and therapeutic regimens for the ruminant and camelid eye.
A step-wise procedure and necessary equipment for examination of the ruminant and camelid eye are detailed. Restraint techniques and usage of local anesthetics to facilitate examination are described. Common examination findings and their significance are discussed. Finally, therapeutic options for keratoconjunctivitis and uveitis are explored. A complete ocular examination of ruminants is often not performed in the field because of lack of time, lack of appropriate facilities, and/or lack of equipment. Although individual ophthalmic examinations are not frequently performed as part of a herd health program, they can be of value in select cases. Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases may assist the clinician in establishing a diagnosis on the farm and for little additional cost. For patients with a specific ocular complaint, a complete ophthalmic examination is critical. After completion of the examination and arrival at a diagnosis, one must also be cognizant of the therapeutic regimens that are appropriate for use in ruminants, particularly animals that may be used for meat or milk.
Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, D208 Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA. townsenw@purdue.edu
Wendy M
WM
Townsend
D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002161:Camelids, New World; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000662:veterinary*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000662:veterinary; D012418:Ruminants; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives