Optimisation of a microwave-assisted method for extracting withaferin A from Withania somnifera Dunal. using central composite design.
BACKGROUND
Recently, there have been growing attention on the modification and optimisation of new extraction and quantification methods, caused by the lack of environmentally friendly methodologies for the extraction of phytochemicals from complex matrices. In the case of pharmaceutical compounds, not only the extraction procedure but also the analysis method should be efficient, precise, fast and easy.


OBJECTIVE
The essential pharmaceutical characteristics and trace concentration of withanolides led us to modify and optimise the previously reported extraction and quantification procedure for withaferin A (WA) as a candidate for withanolides.


METHODS
The WA from the air-dried aerial part of Withania somnifera Dunal. was extracted using a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique. Four variables affecting the extraction procedure were optimised using the central composite design approach. The method of high-performance thin-layer chromatography assay was validated and applied for the quantification of each experiment.


RESULTS
The optimum values of factors were: extraction time (150 s), extraction temperature (68°C) and 17 mL of methanol : water in the ratio 25 : 75 as extracting solvent. The solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate : toluene : formic acid : 2-propanol (7.0 : 2.0 : 0.5 : 0.5, v/v/v/v), and densitometric scanning at 220 nm was applied for the analysis. The dynamic linear range, LOD, LOQ and recovery with the inter-day, and intra-day RSDs of the developed method indicated the validity of the method.


CONCLUSIONS
A pressurised MAE method for extracting WA from the plant's aerial part was optimised using factorial-based design. The net effect of time, temperature, solvent volume and its ratio suggests that the yield of WA increases until each factor reaches its optimum value, and decreases with further increase in temperature or solvent ratio.
Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Fateme
F
Mirzajani
Alireza
A
Ghassempour
Mehdi
M
Jalali-Heravi
Mohammad Hossein
MH
Mirjalili
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003720:Densitometry; D004355:Drug Stability; D008872:Microwaves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D012997:Solvents; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry*; D054358:Withanolides / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D012997:Solvents; D054358:Withanolides; C009684:withaferin A