A minimally invasive cox-maze procedure: operative technique and results.
OBJECTIVE
The Cox-Maze procedure (CMP) for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) traditionally has required a median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. This study describes a method using ablation technologies to create the full Cox-Maze lesion set through a 5- to 6-cm right minithoracotomy.


METHODS
Twenty-two consecutive patients underwent a CMP through a right mini-thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients were followed prospectively with electrocardiogram and 24-hour Holter monitoring at 3, 6, and 12 months. The CMP lesion set was created using bipolar radiofrequency energy and cryotherapy.


RESULTS
There was no operative mortality or major complications.Two patients required a permanent pacemaker. Five patients (23%) had early atrial tachyarrhythmias. At last follow-up(mean, 18 ± 12 months), all the patients (n=22) were free from atrial dysrhythmias. At 3 months (n=19), 84% of patients were off antiarrhythmic drugs. At 6 months (n=18), 94% of patients were free from AF and off antiarrhythmic medications. At 12 months (n=16), 81% of patients were free from AF and off antiarrhythmic drugs and three patients remained on warfarin for a mechanical mitral valve.


CONCLUSIONS
A full CMP can be performed through a right mini-thoracotomy with outstanding short-term results. This less invasive procedure can be offered to patients without compromising efficacy.
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Anson M
AM
Lee
Kal
K
Clark
Marci S
MS
Bailey
Abdulhameed
A
Aziz
Richard B
RB
Schuessler
Ralph J
RJ
Damiano