The innate immune system in the intestine.
The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against invading pathogens. Innate immune responses are initiated by germline-encoded PRR, which recognize specific structures expressed by microorganisms. TLR are a family of PRR which sense a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. TLR are also expressed in the intestine and are critical for intestinal homeostasis. Recently, cytoplasmic PRR, such as NLR and RLR, have been shown to detect pathogens that have invaded the cytosol. One of the NLR, NOD2, is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. This review focuses on the innate immune responses triggered by PRR in the intestine.
Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. uemattsu@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
Satoshi
S
Uematsu
Kosuke
K
Fujimoto
D000818:Animals; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology*; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000502:physiology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology
C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C452820:RIGI protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases