The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale for type 2 diabetes patients.
OBJECTIVE
An appropriate questionnaire for measurement of the psychological burden of self-management or behavior modification in type-2 diabetes patients has yet to be developed in Japan. This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS).


METHODS
the study enrolled 346 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: 200 men and 146 women who were 63.2 ± 10.1 and 62.2 ± 11.9 years of age and had HbA1c levels of 6.9 ± 1.2% and 7.3 ± 1.9%, respectively.


RESULTS
the questionnaire was divided into three components: "Psychological impact of diabetes", "Sense of self-control", and "Efforts for symptom management". Cronbach's alpha was 0.746-0.628. Significant correlations were observed between "Sense of self-control" and self-managed dietary and exercise behaviors and HbA1c levels; between "Psychological impact of diabetes" and various treatments, symptoms causing anxiety, and HbA1c levels; and between "Efforts for symptom management" and dietary and nutritional behaviors. The questionnaire showed better evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity.


CONCLUSIONS
our results suggested that the Japanese version of ADS may be a useful tool for the quick assessment of common anxieties and motivation toward treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume City, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
Yoriko
Y
Hara
Satoshi
S
Koyama
Toru
T
Morinaga
Hisao
H
Ito
Shusuke
S
Kohno
Hiroyuki
H
Hirai
Toshio
T
Kikuchi
Toru
T
Tsuda
Isao
I
Ichino
Satoko
S
Takei
Kentaro
K
Yamada
Koji
K
Tsuboi
Raoul
R
Breugelmans
Yoko
Y
Ishihara
D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human