The impact of cold-water immersion on power production in the vertical jump and the benefits of a dynamic exercise warm-up.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a cold treatment and a dynamic warm-up on lower body power in the form of a countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ). Nine physically active men, who were either current or ex-National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 athletes, consented to participate in the study. Using a balanced, randomized presentation and a within-subject design, each subject performed 4 environmental and warm-up protocols (i.e., ambient temperature without warm-up, ambient temperature with warm-up, cold without warm-up, or cold with warm-up). Two sets of 3 maximal effort CMVJs were performed on a force plate at each testing time point. For each protocol, the subjects completed a pretest set of CMVJ (pretreatment [PRE]), were then exposed to 1 of the 2 temperature treatments, completed another set of CMVJ (initial [IT]), then either went through a 15-minute warm-up, or were asked to sit in place. Then a final set of CMVJs was completed (posttreatment [PT]). The primary finding in this study was that warm-up was effective in offsetting the negative effects of cold exposure on CMVJ power. There was a significant main effect for Time (PRE > PT > IT), and there was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) main effect for Trial (AMB = AMBWU > COLDWU > COLD). Because athletic competitions happen in various colder climates, it is important to make sure that a proper warm-up be completed to maximize the athlete's power output. The results of this study demonstrate that when athletes are exposed to cold conditions, it is recommended that before practice or play, a dynamic warm-up be employed to optimize performance.
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
Patrick G
PG
Dixon
William J
WJ
Kraemer
Jeff S
JS
Volek
Robert L
RL
Howard
Ana L
AL
Gomez
Brett A
BA
Comstock
Courtenay
C
Dunn-Lewis
Maren S
MS
Fragala
David R
DR
Hooper
Keijo
K
Häkkinen
Carl M
CM
Maresh
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
D014867:Water