Presenilin mouse and zebrafish models for dementia: focus on neurogenesis.
Autosomal dominant mutations in the presenilin gene PSEN cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurological disorder pathologically characterized by intraneuronal accumulation and extracellular deposition of amyloid-β in plaques and intraneuronal, hyperphosphorylated tau aggregation in neurofibrillary tangles. Presenilins (PS/PSENs) are part of the proteolytic γ-secretase complex, which cleaves substrate proteins within the membrane. Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by γ-secretase releases amyloid-β peptides. Besides its role in the processing of APP and other transmembrane proteins, presenilin plays an important role in neural progenitor cell maintenance and neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of presenilin in relation to neurogenesis and neurodegeneration and review the currently available presenilin animal models. In addition to established mouse models, zebrafish are emerging as an attractive vertebrate model organism to study the role of presenilin during the development of the nervous system and in neurodegenerative disorders involving presenilin. Zebrafish is a suitable model organism for large-scale drug screening, making this a valuable model to identify novel therapeutic targets for AD.
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.van.tijn@nin.knaw.nl
Paula
P
van Tijn
Willem
W
Kamphuis
Michael W
MW
Marlatt
Elly M
EM
Hol
Paul J
PJ
Lucassen
D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003704:Dementia / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D053763:Presenilins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish
D053763:Presenilins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases