Mask leak in one-person mask ventilation compared to two-person in newborn infant manikin study.
OBJECTIVE
To compare a new two-person method (four hands) of delivering mask ventilation with a standard one-person method using the Laerdal self-inflating bag (SIB) and the Neopuff (NP) infant resuscitator in a manikin model.


BACKGROUND
Recent studies of simulated neonatal resuscitation using bag and mask ventilation techniques have shown facemask leak levels of 55-57% in expert hands.


METHODS
48 participants were randomly paired and instructed to give mask ventilation for a 2-min period as single-person resuscitators, then as two-person paired resuscitators at set pressures for NP and set parameters for SIB. Airway pressure, flow, inspiratory tidal volume, expiratory tidal volume and mask leak were recorded.


RESULTS
A total of 21 578 inflations were recorded and analysed. For SIB, mask leak was greater (11.5%) with single-person compared to two-person (5.4%; mean difference 6.1%, 95% CI 1.5 to 10.7, p<0.01). For NP, mask leak was greater for single-person (22.2%) compared to two-person (9.1%; mean difference 13.1% 95% CI 3.6 to 22.6, p<0.01). For single-person mask ventilation, mask leak was greater with NP (22.2%) compared to SIB (11.5%; mean difference 10.7%, 95% CI 1.4 to 19.7, p<0.01). For two-person mask ventilation, mask leak was greater for NP (9.1%) compared to SIB (5.4%; mean difference 3.7%, 95% CI 0.1 to 6.4, p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Two-person mask ventilation technique reduces mask leak by approximately 50% compared to the standard one-person mask ventilation method. NP mask ventilation has higher mask leak than Laerdal SIB for both single- and two-person technique mask ventilation.
Nepean Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Nepean Hospital, Derby Street Kingswood 2747, Penrith 2751 Sydney, Australia. mark.tracy@ozemail.com.au
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Tracy
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Klimek
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Coughtrey
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Shingde
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Ponnampalam
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Hinder
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Maheshwari
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Tracy
D004868:Equipment Failure; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D008397:Masks; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*