Intraoperative recruitment maneuver reverses detrimental pneumoperitoneum-induced respiratory effects in healthy weight and obese patients undergoing laparoscopy.
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary function is impaired during pneumoperitoneum mainly as a result of atelectasis formation. We studied the effects of 10 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and PEEP followed by a recruitment maneuver (PEEP+RM) on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.


METHODS
Sixty consecutive adult patients (30 obese, 30 healthy weight) in reverse Trendelenburg position were prospectively studied. EELV, static elastance of the respiratory system, dead space, and gas exchange were measured before and after pneumoperitoneum insufflation with zero end-expiratory pressure, with PEEP alone, and with PEEP+RM. Results are presented as mean ± SD.


RESULTS
Pneumoperitoneum reduced EELV (healthy weight, 1195 ± 405 vs. 1724 ± 774 ml; obese, 751 ± 258 vs. 886 ± 284 ml) and worsened static elastance and dead space in both groups (in all P < 0.01 vs. zero-end expiratory pressure before pneumoperitoneum) whereas oxygenation was unaffected. PEEP increased EELV (healthy weight, 570 ml, P < 0.01; obese, 364 ml, P < 0.01) with no effect on oxygenation. Compared with PEEP alone, EELV and static elastance were further improved after RM in both groups (P < 0.05), as was oxygenation (P < 0.01). In all patients, RM-induced change in EELV was 16% (P = 0.04). These improvements were maintained 30 min after RM. RM-induced changes in EELV correlated with change in oxygenation (r = 0.42, P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
RM combined with 10 cm H2O of PEEP improved EELV, respiratory mechanics, and oxygenation during pneumoperitoneum whereas PEEP alone did not.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Estaing Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France. efutier@chu-clermontferrand.fr
Emmanuel
E
Futier
Jean-Michel
JM
Constantin
Paolo
P
Pelosi
Gerald
G
Chanques
Fabrice
F
Kwiatkoskwi
Samir
S
Jaber
Jean-Etienne
JE
Bazin
D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005105:Expiratory Reserve Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*