Metabolomic analysis of livers and serum from high-fat diet induced obese mice.
Liver and serum metabolites of obese and lean mice fed on high fat or normal diets were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated from each other on PLS-DA score plot and major metabolites contributing to the discrimination were assigned as lipid metabolites (fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs)), lipid metabolism intermediates (betaine, carnitine, and acylcarnitines), amino acids, acidic compounds, monosaccharides, and serotonin. A high-fat diet increased lipid metabolites but decreased lipid metabolism intermediates and the NAD/NADH ratio, indicating that abnormal lipid and energy metabolism induced by a high-fat diet resulted in fat accumulation via decreased β-oxidation. In addition, this study revealed that the levels of many metabolites, including serotonin, betaine, pipecolic acid, and uric acid, were positively or negatively related to obesity-associated diseases. On the basis of these metabolites, we proposed a metabolic pathway related to high-fat diet-induced obesity. These metabolites can be used to better understand obesity and related diseases induced by a hyperlipidic diet. Furthermore, the level changes of these metabolites can be used to assess the risk of obesity and the therapeutic effect of obesity management.
Research Division for Emerging Innovation Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Kyongki, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Jin
HJ
Kim
Jin Hee
JH
Kim
Siwon
S
Noh
Haeng Jeon
HJ
Hur
Mi Jeong
MJ
Sung
Jin-Taek
JT
Hwang
Jae Ho
JH
Park
Hye Jeong
HJ
Yang
Myung-Sunny
MS
Kim
Dae Young
DY
Kwon
Suk Hoo
SH
Yoon
D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines