Detoxified extract of Rhus verniciflua stokes inhibits rotenone-induced apoptosis in human dopaminergic cells, SH-SY5Y.
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), traditionally used as a food supplement and in traditional herbal medicine for centuries in Korea, is known to possess various pharmacological properties. Environmental neurotoxins such as rotenone, a specific inhibitor of complex I provide models of Parkinson's disease (PD) both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of RVS against rotenone-induced toxicity in human dopaminergic cells, SH-SY5Y. Cells exposed to rotenone for 24 h-induced cellular injury and apoptotic cell death. Pretreatment of cells with RVS provided significant protection to SH-SY5Y cells. Further, RVS offered remarkable protection against rotenone-induced oxidative stress and markedly inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. RVS also attenuated the up-regulation of Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, pretreatment with RVS prevented the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Interestingly, RVS conferred profound protection to human dopaminergic cells by preventing the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). These results suggest that RVS may protect dopaminergic neurons against rotenone-induced apoptosis by multiple functions and contribute to neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD.
Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea.
Kumar
K
Sapkota
Seung
S
Kim
Se-Eun
SE
Park
Sung-Jun
SJ
Kim
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012402:Rotenone / Q000633:toxicity*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D012402:Rotenone; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D004298:Dopamine