Combined effects of soy isoflavone and fish oil on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice.
Both soy isoflavone and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to reduce the levels of bone-resorbing cytokines; however, the synergistic effects of these food ingredients have not been examined yet. This study was performed to elucidate the effect of concomitant intake of soy isoflavone and fish oil on bone mass in ovariectomized mice. Eight-week-old ddY female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery, and then fed an AIN-93G with safflower oil (So) as a control lipid source, isoflavone-supplemented safflower oil (So + I), fish oil instead of safflower oil (Fo) or isoflavone-supplemented fish oil (Fo + I) for 4 weeks. Femoral bone mineral density was significantly decreased by OVX; however, this decrease was inhibited by the intake of isoflavone and/or fish oil. Histomorphometric analyses showed that bone volume and trabecular thickness in the distal femoral trabecular bone were significantly lower in the So group than in the sham group, but those were restored in the Fo + I groups. The number of osteoclasts was significantly decreased by isoflavone intake. The increased rate of bone resorption after OVX was inhibited by isoflavone and/or fish oil. The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha was increased after OVX, but was significantly lower with the combination of isoflavone with fish oil than isoflavone or fish oil alone. The results of this study indicated that the intakes of soy isoflavone and/or fish oil might have ameliorating effects on bone loss due to OVX. Further, the concomitant intake of soy isoflavone and fish oil at a low dose showed better effects on cytokines related with bone resorption.
Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
Raina
R
Uchida
Hiroshige
H
Chiba
Yoshiko
Y
Ishimi
Mariko
M
Uehara
Kazuharu
K
Suzuki
Hyounju
H
Kim
Akiyo
A
Matsumoto
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
D015415:Biomarkers; D005395:Fish Oils; D007529:Isoflavones; D012450:Safflower Oil; D002118:Calcium