Calcium and membrane repair.
As more and more studies utilize cell-penetrating peptides to deliver pharmacologically interesting substances, there is a growing need to understand their effect on the plasma membrane. If a cell-penetrating peptide together with its cargo is to be used as a drug, it is necessary to understand how the conjugate interacts with the plasma membrane to enter the cell. A key regulator of the transportation network in the cell is calcium. This chapter describes five methods that can be employed for understanding how the plasma membrane reacts to the presence of cell-penetrating peptides and the involvement of calcium.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. cpalmapergi@ucsd.edu
Caroline
C
Palm-Apergi
Mattias
M
Hällbrink
D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism
D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D002118:Calcium