Lateral movement of soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin from treated agricultural fields.
The soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) are often used for controlling soil-borne plant pathogens and parasitic nematodes before reestablishing new vineyards and orchards. To evaluate crop safety and environmental risks with the replant fumigation, four field experiments were performed over 2 yr to examine 1,3-D and CP lateral movement away from the treated fields. Shank injection with or without a virtually impermeable film (V1F) was used in two vineyard fumigation experiments, and spot drip application without tarp cover was used in two orchard experiments. Results showed that 1,3-D and CP gases moved laterally to 6 m from the treated fields when the fumigants were applied by shank injection. The maximum 1,3-D or CP soil gas concentration at 6 m was approximately 10 ng cm(-3) when the fumigated plot was not cover with a tarp. With VIF, the measured maximum concentration increased to approximately 100 ng cm(-3). In the spot drip application, maximum 1,3-D and CP gas concentrations reached approximately 100 ng cm(-3) but at 1.5 m radial distance from the point of fumigant injection.
USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA. dong.wang@ars.usda.gov
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D000383:Agriculture; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
D000498:Allyl Compounds; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; C100187:chloropicrin