Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy.
BACKGROUND
Hysteroscopy is increasingly performed in an outpatient setting. The primary reason for failure is pain. There is no consensus upon the routine use of analgesia during hysteroscopy.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of different types of pharmacological interventions for pain relief in patients undergoing hysteroscopy.


METHODS
A search of medical literature databases including PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL (to February 2010).


METHODS
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological interventions for pain relief during hysteroscopy were investigated.


METHODS
Results for each study were expressed as a standardised mean difference with 95% confidence interval and combined for meta-analysis with Revman 5 software.


RESULTS
Twenty-four RCTS were identified involving a total of 3155 participants, with 15 studies included in the meta-analysis.Meta-analysis (nine RCTs, 1296 participants) revealed a significant reduction in the mean pain score for the use of local anaesthetics during the procedure compared with placebo (SMD -0.45, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.17, I(2) = 82%).Meta-analysis (4 RCTs, 454 participants) demonstrated a significant reduction in the mean pain score for the use of local anaesthetics within 30 minutes after the procedure compared with placebo (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.21, I(2) = 54%).There was no significant reduction in the mean pain score with the use of NSAIDS or opioid analgesics compared with placebo during or within 30 minutes after the procedure.There was no significant reduction in the mean pain score with the use of local anaesthetics, NSAIDS or opioid analgesics compared with placebo more than 30 minutes after the procedure.There was no significant difference between the number of incidents of failure to complete the procedure due to cervical stenosis between the intervention and control groups (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.59; 6 RCTs, 805 participants).There were significantly fewer incidents of failure to complete the procedure due to pain in the intervention group than in the control group (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.69; two studies, 330 participants).Meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the intervention and placebo groups with regards to adverse effects.


CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant reduction in the mean pain score with the use of analgesia during and within 30 minutes after outpatient hysteroscopy.
Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pennine Acute NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.
Gaity
G
Ahmad
Helena
H
O'Flynn
Shatha
S
Attarbashi
James Mn
JM
Duffy
Andrew
A
Watson
D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000779:Anesthetics, Local