title: Three-dimensional cellular ultrastructure resolved by X-ray microscopy.
abstract: We developed an X-ray microscope using partially coherent object illumination instead of previously used quasi-incoherent illumination. The design permitted the incorporation of a cryogenic tilt stage, enabling tomography of frozen-hydrated, intact adherent cells. We obtained three-dimensional reconstructions of mouse adenocarcinoma cells at ∼36-nm (Rayleigh) and ∼70-nm (Fourier ring correlation) resolution, which allowed us to visualize the double nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, nuclear membrane channels, mitochondrial cristae and lysosomal inclusions.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Campus, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guttmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heim
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehbein
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: J Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: Waltraud G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McNally
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008027:Light; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008961:Models, Structural; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015388:Organelles / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays