title: Extended cyclic fatigue life of F2 ProTaper instruments used in reciprocating movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cyclic fatigue fracture resistance of engine-driven F2 ProTaper instruments under reciprocating movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 30 NiTi ProTaper F2 instruments was used. An artificial canal was made from a stainless steel tube, allowing the instruments to rotate freely. During mechanical testing, different movement kinematics and speeds were used, which resulted in three experimental groups (n = 10). The instruments from the first group (G1) were rotated at a nominal speed of 250 rpm until fracture, whilst the instruments from the second group (G2) were rotated at 400 rpm. In the third instrument group (G3), the files were driven under reciprocating movement. The time of fracture for each instrument was measured, and statistical analysis was performed using parametric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reciprocating movement resulted in a significantly longer cyclic fatigue life (P < 0.05). Moreover, operating rpm was a significant factor affecting cyclic fatigue life (P < 0.05); instruments used at a rotational speed of 400 rpm (approximately 95 s) failed more rapidly than those used at 250 rpm (approximately 25 s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Movement kinematics is amongst the factors determining the resistance of rotary NiTi instruments to cyclic fracture. Moreover, the reciprocating movement promoted an extended cyclic fatigue life of the F2 ProTaper instrument in comparison with conventional rotation.
authors.affiliation: Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. endogus@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De-Deus
authors.forename: E J L
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004708:Endodontics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium