title: Evaluation of the impact of arginine-chitosan/DNA nanoparticles on human naive CD4+ T cells.
abstract: Previous studies showed that arginine-conjugated chitosan (ACS)/DNA nanoparticles (ACGN) mediated significantly higher expression of the transgenes when compared with chitosan (CS)/DNA nanoparticles (CGN). However, the interactions between ACGN and immune cells still remain poorly understood. The present study investigated whether ACGN affected the initial differentiation direction of human naive CD4(+) T cells, either directly or indirectly. It was demonstrated that both ACGN and CGN induced slightly higher production of IL-12 by THP-1 cells in the order of ACGN > CGN. However, this macrophage stimulating activity was much less significant when compared with lipopolysaccharide and did not impact on the differentiation of the naive CD4(+) T cells separated from the nanoparticles and THP-1 cells by a 0.1-μm diameter polycarbonate semipermeable membrane, which allows the pass through of macromolecules including IL-12. It also demonstrated that, when directly exposed to naive CD4(+) T cells, none of the nanoparticles induced either the activation of the naive CD4(+) T cells in the absence of recombinant human IL-4 (rhIL-4) or IFN-γ (rhIFN-γ) that induce naive CD4(+) T cell polarization or any changes in the differentiation direction of the naive CD4(+) T cells in the presence of the corresponding cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lanxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Dunwan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hailing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xigang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leng
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D004247:DNA; D048271:Chitosan; D001120:Arginine