title: Artificial long-day photoperiod in the subtropics increases milk production in goats giving birth in late autumn.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine whether exposure to a photoperiod of artificial long days in autumn increased milk yield in subtropical goats milked once (Exp. I) or twice daily (Exp. II). In Exp. I, starting at d 10 of lactation, 1 group of does was kept under naturally decreasing photoperiod (DD1X; n = 8), whereas the other group was submitted to an artificial photoperiod of long days (LD1X; n = 8; 16 h light:8 h darkness). The kids were weaned 28 d after parturition, and dams were manually milked once daily. Milk yield and milk components (fat, protein, and lactose) were assessed up to 140 d of lactation. From d 0 to 28 of lactation (suckling phase), mean daily milk yield did not differ between DD1X and LD1X goats (2.3 ± 0.2 kg vs. 2.4 ± 0.2 kg; P = 0.717). However, between d 29 and 84 (early milking phase), mean daily milk yield was greater in LD1X does than in DD1X does (2.6 ± 0.1 kg vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 kg; P = 0.001). Finally, between d 85 and 140 (late milking phase), mean daily milk yield was greater in LD1X goats than in DD1X goats (P ≤ 0.05) only during the first 2 wk. In Exp. II, one group of goats was exposed to a photoperiod of naturally decreasing days (DD2X; n = 8) and another group was submitted to an artificial photoperiod of long days (LD2X; n = 7). In both groups, kids were weaned on d 28 of lactation and the dams were manually milked twice daily. During the nursing phase, mean daily milk yield did not differ between the DD2X and LD2X groups (2.5 ± 0.3 kg vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 kg; P = 0.767). In the early milking phase, mean daily milk yield was greater in LD2X than in DD2X goats (3.3 ± 0.2 kg vs. 2.8 ± 0.2 kg; P = 0.022), whereas during the late milking phase, milk yield did not differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.946). In both experiments, milk composition was not significantly influenced by exposure to long-day photoperiod. We conclude that, in subtropical female goats that start lactation in late autumn, exposure to an artificial long-day photoperiod stimulates milk yield, even if goats are milked once daily. In addition, combining exposure to long days with twice-daily milking will increase further milk yield in such goats without affecting milk components.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN), Periférico Raúl López Sánchez S/N, Torreón, 27054 Coahuila México.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Elizundia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mejía
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Delgadillo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008029:Lighting; D008892:Milk; D017440:Photoperiod; D011247:Pregnancy; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors