title: [Fatigue and sleepiness in interprovincial road bus drivers: comparative study between formality and informality].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the levels of fatigue, sleepiness and their consequences between formal and informal drivers of interprovincial buses. To evaluate labor conditions between both study groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative cross-sectional study was performed with non-probabilistic sampling. 100 companies of land transport were included, out of which 17 were formal according to the official registries of the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC), the drivers were also classified as formal or informal. The survey included one questionnaire and a Peruvian validated version of the Epworth sleepiness scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  71 formal drivers and 274 informal drivers participated, all were males. Out of the 134 drivers that worked for the formal companies according to the MTC, only 43 (32%) belong to the formal group based on the proposed criteria. 48% (34) of the formal drivers and 43% (118) of the informal sleep less than 7 hours a day. 48% (34) of the formal and 49% (135) of the informal admitted having had an accident or "almost" having had it, the most frequent time of the day was between 01.00 and 04.00 in the morning. The dawn is the period in which both groups feel most tired. 44% (30) of the formal drivers and 54% (144) of the informal ones perform 5 or more night shifts per week. Out of the total of interviewed, 16% (56) had sleepiness. The association with road traffic accidents was similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fatigue and sleepiness levels were similar between formal and informal drivers. Companies classified as formal, have a high percentage of informality amongst their drivers.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. gustavo_liendo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Gustavo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Liendo
authors.forename: Carla L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rey de Castro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010568:Peru; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires