title: Deglutition and respiratory patterns during sleep in younger adults.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Deglutition was infrequent and displayed unique patterns during sleep in healthy younger adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The deglutition, electroencephalographic arousal, and respiratory phase patterns during sleep in younger adults were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten younger adults were examined via time-matched recordings of polysomnography and surface electromyography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During sleep, swallowing was infrequent and absent for long periods. The mean number of swallows per hour during the total sleep time was 2.4 ± 1.0. The mean longest deglutition-free period was 68.8 ± 24.8 min. Most deglutition occurred in association with spontaneous electroencephalographic arousal. Deglutition was related to the sleep stage. The mean number of swallows per hour was 11.2 ± 8.1 during stage 1 sleep, 1.9 ± 1.0 during stage 2 sleep, 0.5 ± 1.5 during stage 3 sleep, and 0.2 ± 0.5 during stage 4 sleep. The deeper the sleep stage, the lower the mean deglutition frequency. The mean number of swallows per hour was 1.9 ± 1.7 during rapid eye movement sleep. The deeper the sleep stage, the lower the mean arousal frequency and the lower the mean ratio of arousal with deglutition to arousal. Approximately 60% of swallows were followed by arrested breathing and approximately 25% by expiration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. kimisato@oct-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umeno
authors.forename: Shun-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chitose
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012016:Reference Values; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult