title: Use of spent substrate after Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivation for the treatment of chlorothalonil containing wastewater.
abstract: Lignocellulosic materials are used as substrate for the cultivation of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. After two or three flushes of mushrooms, the spent substrate is discarded although it still has an important enzymatic activity that can be used for several purposes. In this study, we sought to determine the technical feasibility of using spent substrate from P. pulmonarius to degrade chlorothalonil. Reaction mixture was prepared with 6 ml of pesticide aqueous solution (2 mg active ingredient/l) and 3 ml of enzymatic extract obtained from spent P. pulmonarius substrate. The enzymatic reaction (27 °C, pH 7.4) was conducted for 1 h with sampling at 15 min intervals. The effect of storage time and temperature (freezing or refrigerating) of spent substrate and enzymatic extract, respectively, on the activity over chlorothalonil was determined. Freshly obtained spent substrate extract was able to reduce 100% of the initial concentration of chlorothalonil (2 mg/l) after 45 min of reaction. Storage time had a negative effect on the stability of the enzymatic activity: with spent substrate stored for a week, chlorothalonil concentration was reduced in 49.5% after 1 h reaction and with substrate stored for two and three weeks, the degradation efficiency decreased to 9.15% and 0%, respectively. Cooling and freezing the spent substrate extract also had a negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Carretera a Puerto Madero Km 1.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa A Córdova
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: Lilliam L Gordillo
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dorry
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bello-Mendoza
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D009570:Nitriles / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile