title: Transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance among individuals with recent HIV infection in East and Southern Africa.
abstract: To characterize WHO-defined transmitted HIV drug resistance mutation (TDRM) data from recently HIV-infected African volunteers, we sequenced HIV (pol) and evaluated for TDRM the earliest available specimens from ARV-naive volunteers diagnosed within 1 year of their estimated date of infection at eight research centers in sub-Saharan Africa. TDRMs were detected in 19/408 (5%) volunteers. The prevalence of TDRMs varied by research center, from 5/26 (19%) in Entebbe, 6/78 (8%) in Kigali, 2/49 (4%) in Kilifi, to 3/106 (3%) in Lusaka. One of five volunteers from Cape Town (20%) had TDRMs. Despite small numbers, our data suggest an increase in DRMs by year of infection in Zambia (p = 0.004). The prevalence observed in Entebbe was high across the entire study. ARV history data from 12 (63%) HIV-infected sexual partners were available; 3 reported ARV use prior to transmission. Among four partners with sequence data available, transmission linkage was confirmed and two had the same TDRMs as the newly infected volunteer (both K103N). As ARV therapy continues to increase in availability throughout Africa, monitoring incident virus strains for the presence of TDRMs should be a priority. Early HIV infection cohorts provide an excellent and important platform to monitor the development of TDRMs to inform treatment guidelines, drug choices, and strategies for secondary prevention of TDRM transmission.
authors.affiliation: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, California, USA. mprice@iavi.org
authors.forename: Matt A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Shabir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lakhi
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karita
authors.forename: Anatoli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.forename: Omu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Anzala
authors.forename: Eduard J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Linda-Gail
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bekker
authors.forename: Rogers
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Twesigye
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Pontiano
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaleebu
authors.forename: Kayitesi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayitenkore
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruzagira
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwangome
authors.forename: Gaudensia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mutua
authors.forename: Pauli N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Amornkul
authors.forename: Gwynn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Sergei L K
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pond
authors.forename: Malinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papathanasopoulos
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilmour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000351:Africa, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D000353:Africa, Southern / Q000453:epidemiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus