title: Nursing activity recognition using an inexpensive game controller: An application to infection control.
abstract: It is estimated that 10% of the patients admitted to North American hospitals die of hospital acquired infections. Approximately half of these are thought to be a consequence of poor hand hygiene practices by the hospital staff. Electronic hand washing reminders that prompt caregivers to wash their hands before and after the patient/patient's environment contact may help to increase the hand hygiene compliance rate. However, the current systems fail to identify the nursing procedures happening around the patient to issue proper hand hygiene prompt. In this research we used the hardware of a low-cost wireless Sony game controller, which included a 3-axis accelerometer, to identify six nursing activities happening around a patient. We attached five sensors to eight nurses' left and right wrists, left and right upper arms, and the backs. Each nurse performed 10 trials of each nursing activity in sequence, followed by a combined nursing activities trial. We extracted mean, standard deviation, energy, and correlation among axes per sensor and compared the results of 1-Nearest Neighbour (1-NN), Decision Tree (J48), and Naïve Bayes classifiers. 1-NN classifier had the best performance and on average regardless of the sensor locations, we achieved 84% ± 2% accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. kaveh.momen@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Kaveh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Momen
authors.forename: Geoff R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fernie
mesh_terms: D015400:Clinical Nursing Research / Q000379:methods; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D018910:Video Games