title: Assessment of oral midazolam limited sampling strategies to predict area under the concentration time curve (AUC) during cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A baseline, inhibition and induction or activation.
abstract: A previous study reported a 2- and 3-timepoint limited sampling strategy (LSS) model accurately predicted oral midazolam area under the concentration time curve (AUC), and thus cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated whether the LSS models predict midazolam AUC during CYP3A baseline, inhibition and induction/activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma midazolam concentrations from 106 healthy adults from 6 published studies were obtained where oral midazolam was co-administered alone or with ketoconazole, double-strength grapefruit juice, Ginkgo biloba extract, pleconaril, or rifampin. Observed and predicted midazolam AUCs were determined. Bias and precision of the LSS models were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrasting results were observed for the 2- and 3-timepoint LSS models in accurately predicting midazolam AUC during baseline CYP3A conditions. With the exception of 1 study (single dose, double-strength grapefruit juice), the 2- and 3-timepoint LSS models did not accurately predict midazolam AUC during conditions of CYP3A inhibition and induction/activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The previously reported 2- and 3-timepoint oral midazolam LSS models are not applicable to the evaluated conditions of CYP3A baseline, inhibition, and induction/ activation.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093-0714, USA. joema@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gorski
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Penzak
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D019540:Area Under Curve; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000502:physiology*; D065692:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008874:Midazolam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D065692:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D008874:Midazolam