title: Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in orthodontic treatment.
abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) during orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  the study investigated all the patients receiving orthodontic treatment in the dentofacial orthopedic department in Casablanca in the course of the different stages of treatment over a 4-month period. We looked for a possible association between the presence of at least one sign of TMD, the Helkimo anamnesis index, the clinical Helkimo index and the following factors: age, gender, extractions, or not, of premolars, duration, type and stage of orthodontic treatment, molar and canine class, crowding, overjet, overbite and unilateral crossbite. Data were analysed using Epi-info 6.0.fr software. The analysis of the results was done using the Chi(2) test (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  no statistically significant association could be established between TMD and the various factors under investigation with the exception of the association between gender and the Helkimo anamnesis index, stage of treatment and the Helkimo anamnesis index and the Angle molar class and the Helkimo clinical index.
authors.affiliation: Département d'orthopédie dentofaciale, faculté de médecine dentaire, Casablanca, Morocco. faridbourzgui@gmail.com
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bourzgui
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebbar
authors.forename: Aicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadour
authors.forename: Mouna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications*; D009259:Nail Biting / Q000009:adverse effects; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012737:Sex Factors; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult