title: Childhood underweight, weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood and incidence of adult metabolic syndrome in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess associations between childhood body weight, weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood and incidence of adult metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A dynamic prospective cohort study (the SUN Project; Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra). Participants were asked to select which of nine body images most closely represented their body shape at ages 5 and 20 years, and it was used as a proxy of BMI. An incident case of MetS was diagnosed according to criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Associations between childhood body weight, weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood and incidence of adult MetS were estimated by multiple-adjusted odds ratios and their 95 % confidence intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Navarra, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 5317 university graduates, followed-up for a median of 6·1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of MetS was 2·9 % (1·7 % in women and 5·1 % in men). Among men, body shape at age 5 years was inversely related to adult MetS (OR = 0·83, 95 % CI 0·72, 0·97), whereas weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood was directly associated with adult MetS (OR = 1·49, 95 % CI 1·01, 2·18); both childhood underweight (OR = 5·20, 95 % CI 1·87, 14·50) and childhood obesity (OR = 4·66, 95 % CI 1·40, 15·51) increased the likelihood of adult MetS. No association was apparent among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support treating childhood underweight and weight gain during childhood to adolescence/young adulthood as part of comprehensive adult MetS prevention efforts in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: Juan-José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Beunza
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Villegas
authors.forename: Maira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bes-Rastrollo
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013851:Thinness; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult