title: Role of CYP450 in pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antihypertensive drugs are principally metabolised by enzymes of the P450 (CYP450) cytochrome family. Response to hypertensive treatment whose genetic basis is beginning to be known presents inter-individual differences among patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to document the role of cytochrome enzymes P450 in the metabolising process of antihypertensive drugs, and to identify the most relevant polymorphisms in genes that code for these enzymes in order to facilitate future studies in hypertension pharmacogenetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A keyword search was performed in the following literature databases: Pubmed, Rxlist and Medscape. Genetic polymorphism public databases were also consulted (PharmGKB, NCBI and the CYP450 allele nomenclature committee web page.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2D19 and CYP3A4 participate in the metabolising process of most antihypertensive drugs. Considering the allelic frequency in the population and the variability in the clinical response associated with genetic polymorphism, we find the study of the following alleles CYP2D6 *2, *4, deletion and duplication; CYP2C9*2 and *3, CYP2C19 *2 and CYP3A4*1B to be of crucial importance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study of polymorphisms in P450 cytochrome genes may contribute to an individualised therapy in the treatment against hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Físico Química, Grupo de investigación en Atención Farmacéutica, Universidad de Granada, España.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Arcas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Jiménez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conesa-Zamora
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005060:Europe; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D057285:Precision Medicine; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System