title: High-density tissue microarrays from prostate needle biopsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Formalin-fixed prostate biopsies are frequently the only tissue collected at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis. There is therefore a requirement for techniques that allow the use of these prostate biopsy specimens in a high-throughput analysis of immunohistochemical and fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation-detected biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors have previously described methods that allow tissue microarray (TMA) construction from prostate biopsies. Here, we describe significant technical innovations that provide an easier and more robust system of biopsy-TMA construction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TMAs produced are of a high density (up to 104 cores each, 8 × 13) and allow a multiplex analysis of biomarkers in the context of clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Sutton, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flohr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jhavar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005557:Formaldehyde