title: Antipodean white sharks on a Mediterranean walkabout? Historical dispersal leads to genetic discontinuity and an endangered anomalous population.
abstract: The provenance of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the Mediterranean is both a conundrum and an important conservation issue. Considering this species's propensity for natal philopatry, any evidence that the Mediterranean stock has little or no contemporary immigration from the Atlantic would suggest that it is extraordinarily vulnerable. To address this issue we sequenced the mitochondrial control region of four rare Mediterranean white sharks. Unexpectedly, the juvenile sequences were identical although collected at different locations and times, showing little genetic differentiation from Indo-Pacific lineages, but strong separation from geographically closer Atlantic/western Indian Ocean haplotypes. Historical long-distance dispersal (probably a consequence of navigational error during past climatic oscillations) and potential founder effects are invoked to explain the anomalous relationships of this isolated 'sink' population, highlighting the present vulnerability of its nursery grounds.
authors.affiliation: University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
authors.forename: Chrysoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gubili
authors.forename: Rasit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.forename: Evrim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.forename: S Ünsal
authors.initials: SÜ
authors.lastname: Karhan
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kabasakal
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Leslie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Noble
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry; D056727:Endangered Species; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012754:Sharks / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial