title: Effects of diesel particulate matters on inflammatory responses in static and dynamic culture of human alveolar epithelial cells.
abstract: Diesel particulate matter (DPM) possesses the potential to induce acute and chronic health issues upon occupational and daily exposure. Many recent studies have focused on understanding molecular mechanisms to depict DPM's side effects inside the lung using static in vitro cell culture models. These studies have provided abundant fundamental information on DPM's adverse effects on cellular responses, but these systems were limited by the absence of dynamic nature to access relevant cellular responses and functionality. We hypothesized that the exposure of DPM under dynamic environment may affect the levels of cellular inflammation and reactive oxygen species, which may be different from those under static environments. In this study, we used the dynamic cell growth condition to mimic mechanically dynamic environment similar to the normal breathing in vivo. We also used high (20, 10, and 5 ppm) and low (3, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 ppm) ranges of DPM exposure to mimic different levels of exposure, respectively. Following 24-, 48-, and 72-h exposure of DPM, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total amount of protein were analyzed. Our results demonstrated the distinct differences in the profiles of inflammatory mediators (IL-8, CRP, and ROS) between the static and dynamic cell growth conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
authors.forename: Hemang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Soomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eo
authors.forename: Soonjo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002097:C-Reactive Protein