title: Efficacy of surface-generated nitric oxide against Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation.
abstract: This report details the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel surfaces composed of N-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (AHAP3) and isobutyltrimethoxysilane (BTMOS) against Candida albicans adhesion, viability, and biofilm formation. A parallel plate flow cell assay was used to examine the effect of NO on planktonic fungal cells. Nitric oxide fluxes as low as 14 pmol cm(-2) s(-1) were sufficient to reduce fungal adhesion by ∼49% over the controls after 90 min. By utilizing a fluorescence live/dead assay and replicate plating, NO flux was determined to reduce fungal viability in a dose-dependent manner. The formation of C. albicans biofilms on NO-releasing xerogel-coated silicon rubber (SiR) coupons was impeded when compared to control (non-NO-releasing) and bare SiR surfaces. The synergistic efficacy of NO and silver sulfadiazine against adhered fungal cells and biofilms is reported with increased killing and biofilm inhibition over NO alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Privett
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nutz
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schoenfisch
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000382:microbiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012821:Silanes; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001391:Azo Compounds; C556438:N-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyl trimethoxysilane; D012821:Silanes; C452539:diazeniumdiolate; C556439:isobutyltrimethoxysilane; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine