title: Employment status influences suicide mortality in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study attempted to assess the relationship between suicide mortality and employment status in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suicide trends were obtained from the World Health Organization, employment rates from the Conference Board Total Economy Database, and questions about citizens' attitudes towards employment from the European Social Survey. Correlations were analysed. Differences between mean scores for attitudes in Western and Eastern Europe were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Employment and suicide trends are negatively correlated in most countries. Suicide mortality is associated with unemployment risk and expectations of inadequate financial resources during unemployment, and negatively correlated with an assured high standard of living for the unemployed. Suicide mortality and the degree of conviction that the government should ensure jobs for all are weakly correlated. Attitudes towards employment and unemployment in Eastern and Western Europe diverge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in employment rates influence suicide mortality in many European countries. Factors that increase suicide mortality include lack of confidence in employment status and unemployed people's expectations of insufficient income and low living standards. Suicidal behaviour is more strongly related to attitudes linked with employment status among males than females. In Eastern Europe the status of being unemployed is feared more, and people rely more on the government.
authors.affiliation: Tallinn University, Estonia. aeyuryev@gmail.com
authors.forename: Andriy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yur'yev
authors.forename: Airi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Värnik
authors.forename: Peeter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Värnik
authors.forename: Merike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sisask
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leppik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D013405:Suicide; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult