title: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor during the postovulatory period prevents pregnancy in the marmoset.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the effects of inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the first postpartum cycle in marmosets housed with a fertile male where a 90% fertility rate is normal.
  
  
  METHODS
  On resumption of mating, females were treated with either 25 mg/kg aflibercept, a potent VEGF inhibitor, or control Fc protein (n=6 per group) at the time of ovulation. Effects on timing of pregnancy were monitored by measuring plasma progesterone, chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and uterine palpation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In five of six Fc-treated controls, the postpartum rise in progesterone was maintained and followed by a sustained rise in CG by Day 30 posttreatment indicating pregnancy. In all six aflibercept-treated animals, progesterone secretion was suppressed in the treatment cycle and a CG rise did not occur by Day 30. Pregnancy was delayed to the next cycle, significantly extending interbirth interval compared to controls. Posttreatment deliveries and infant development were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that stringent pharmacological inhibition of VEGF suppresses luteal progesterone and prevents the successful establishment of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK. h.fraser@hrsu.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Hamish M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010173:Palpation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C533178:aflibercept; D011374:Progesterone; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor