title: Three-dimensional culture systems to induce chondrogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells.
abstract: Stem cells can easily be harvested from adipose tissue in large numbers for use in tissue-engineering approaches for cartilage repair or regeneration. In this chapter, we describe in vitro tissue-engineering models that we have used in our laboratory for the chondrogenic induction of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). In addition to the proper growth factor environment, chondrogenesis requires cells to be maintained in a rounded morphology in three-dimensional (3D) culture, and thus properties of the biomaterial scaffold also play a critical role in ASC differentiation. Histologic and immunohistologic methods for assessing chondrogenesis are also presented. In general, 10-12 weeks are required to assess ASC chondrogenesis in these model systems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilak
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008863:Microspheres; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D010619:Phenazines / Q000378:metabolism; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D012685:Sepharose; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010619:Phenazines; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D004247:DNA; D012685:Sepharose; C035906:Fast Green; C009195:safranine T