title: Realization of a scale of absolute spectral response using the National Institute of Standards and Technology high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer.
abstract: Using the National Institute of Standards and Technology high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer (HACR), we have realized a scale of absolute spectral response between 406 and 920 nm. The HACR, an electrical-substitution radiometer operating at cryogenic temperatures, achieves a combined relative standard uncertainty of 0.021%. Silicon photodiode light-trapping detectors were calibrated against the HACR with a typical relative standard uncertainty of 0.03% at nine laser wavelengths between 406 and 920 nm. Modeling of the quantum efficiency of these detectors yields their responsivity throughout this range with comparable accuracy.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cromer