title: Radical protection by sunscreens in the infrared spectral range.
abstract: One essential reason for skin ageing is the formation of free radicals by excessive or unprotected sun exposure. Recently, free radical generation in skin has been shown to appear not only after irradiation in the UV wavelength range but also in the infrared (IR) spectral range. Sunscreens are known to protect against radicals generated by UV radiation; however, no data exist for those generated by IR radiation. This paper has investigated four different, commercially available sunscreens and one COLIPA standard with regard to radical formation in the skin after IR irradiation, using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The use of sunscreens has led to reduced amounts of radicals compared to untreated skin. Furthermore, absorption and scattering properties and the radical protection factor of the formulations were determined to investigate their influence on the radical protection of the skin. None of these formulations contained an optical absorber in the IR range. The protection efficiency of the sunscreens was shown as being induced by the high scattering properties of the sunscreens, as well as the antioxidants contained in the formulations.
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. martina.meinke@charite.de
authors.forename: Martina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.forename: Stefan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanzer
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Groth
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gersonde
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D013473:Sunscreening Agents