title: Prevalence of Escherichia coli carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX-M and TEM-52) from broiler chickens and turkeys in Great Britain between 2006 and 2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli from poultry in Great Britain (GB).
  
  
  METHODS
  E. coli was isolated from 388 broiler chicken caecal samples from 22 abattoirs and from boot swabs from 442 turkey flocks over successive 1 year periods. CHROMagar ECC with and without cephalosporin antibiotics was used as isolation medium and the chicken study also used CHROMagar CTX. ESBL phenotype isolates were tested for the presence of bla(CTX-M,) bla(OXA), bla(SHV), bla(TEM) and ampC genes(.) CTX-M isolates were tested for O25 serogroup, replicon, CTX-M sequence, multilocus sequence type (MLST), PFGE type, plasmid transfer and qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA and aac(6')-Ib genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTX-M-carrying E. coli were isolated from 54.5% of the broiler abattoirs and from 3.6% of individual broiler caecal samples and were CTX-M sequence types 1 (mainly), 3 and 15 with replicon types I1-γ, A/C and P/F, and I1-γ, respectively. CTX-M-carrying E. coli were isolated from 5.2% of turkey meat production farms and 6.9% of turkey breeder farms and were CTX-M sequence types 1, 14 (mainly), 15 and 55 with mainly replicon types F, FIA, K and I1-γ, respectively. None of the CTX-M isolates was serogroup O25. PFGE/MLST showed the CTX-M isolates to be clonally diverse, although MLST 156 with CTX-M-15 was isolated from both chickens and turkeys and has been previously reported in gulls. CTX-M-negative, ESBL- and bla(TEM)-positive strains were mainly TEM-52C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  poultry-derived CTX-M E. coli in GB are different from major CTX-M sequence types causing disease in humans.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK. l.randall@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clouting
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Coldham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Clifton-Hadley
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Teale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010957:Plasmids / Q000032:analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D014422:Turkeys / Q000382:microbiology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases