title: Effect of oligogalacturonides on root length, extracellular alkalinization and O₂⁻-accumulation in alfalfa.
abstract: The effects of an oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) pool on root length of intact alfalfa seedlings (Medicago sativa L.), on extracellular pH and on both extracellular and intracellular O₂⁻ dynamics were examined in this study. Lower OGA concentrations (25, 50 and 75 μg mL⁻¹)promoted root length, but 50 μg mL⁻¹ had a stronger effect in promoting growth, while the higher OGA concentration (100 μg mL⁻¹)had no significant effect. Extracellular alkalinization was tested only at concentrations higher than 50 μg mL⁻¹ OGA, showing that the response is determined not only by the specific size of OGA, but also by the concentration of OGA. The promoting effect of OGA on root growth at 25, 50 and 75 μg mL⁻¹ OGA concentrations in alfalfa root appeared to be unrelated to extracellular alkalinization. A possible explanation could be the induction of an O₂⁻ burst at non-toxic levels, which could drive directly or indirectly several processes associated with root elongation in 25, 50 and 75 μg mL⁻¹ OGA-treated seedlings. Analyses using confocal microscopy showed that the increase in the O₂⁻ generation, mainly in the epidermal cells, induced by 50 μg mL⁻¹ OGA could be related to the promoting effect on root growth. The combination of OGA with DPI allowed us to demonstrate that there are different O₂⁻-generating sources in the epidermal cells of the meristematic zone, likely NADPH oxidase and oxidases or oxido-reductase enzymes, insensitive to DPI, that maintain detectable O₂⁻ accumulation at 60 and 120 min of treatment. These results suggest that OGA induce an oxidative burst by several O₂⁻-generating sources in the active growth zones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Daymi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camejo
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olmos
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sevilla
mesh_terms: D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C412763:oligogalacturonic acid; D010100:Oxygen