title: Pharmacological management of symptoms in multiple sclerosis: current approaches and future directions.
abstract: Management of symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) has received little attention compared with disease-modifying treatments. However, the effect of these symptoms on quality of life can be profound. Clinical trials of pharmacological drugs to treat symptoms of MS have often been underpowered and have used inappropriate measures of outcome. Many currently used symptomatic drugs were introduced decades ago, when study quality was considerably below current standards. Therefore, the evidence base on which to make clinical decisions is less than adequate. Interest in pharmacological treatment of symptoms in MS has increased in recent years, and several large randomised controlled trials have been reported. Pharmacological strategies are a core component of the treatment of these symptoms, but it is imperative to remember that a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach is needed for effective management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ahmed T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Toosy
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: o.ciccarelli@ion.ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ciccarelli
mesh_terms: D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends