title: Long Y chromosome is not a fetal loss risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long Y chromosome genetic effect on human pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied all records of pregnancies by human sperm donors after artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya. Fetal losses were compared from two groups of sperm donors: the observation group (with long Y chromosome) and the control group (without long Y chromosome).
  
  
  RESULTS
  2885 pregnancies were achieved with donor sperm by artificial insemination and 1746 by in vitro fertilization. The rates of fetal loss, congenital malformation and donor fecundity in the observation group after both assisted reproductive technique were the same as for the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long Y chromosome may therefore be considered as a normal variant.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cells Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Hongchuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Guangxiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult