title: Differential expression of MSX2 in nodular hyperplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma.
abstract: One of the common features in advanced prostate cancer is bone metastasis. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of a bone factor, MSX2, in predicting the metastatic ability of prostate adenocarcinoma. Evaluation of MSX2 expression was performed using prostate cell lines as well as patient specimens. A sharp decrease in MSX2 was found in primary prostate cancer cells, 22Rv1, when compared with the non-malignant counterparts, followed by a gradual increase in more aggressive prostate cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the MSX2 protein was upregulated and predominantly expressed in the nucleus in aggressive prostate cancer cell line, C4-2b, compared with the less aggressive 22Rv1. Consistent with the in vitro results, MSX2 nuclear expression was significantly higher in nodular hyperplasia when compared with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), while MSX2 nuclear expression in prostate adenocarcinoma was higher than that in high-grade PIN. Importantly, MSX2 expression was increased significantly in tumors with metastasis compared with those without metastasis. Finally, MSX2 nuclear scores were significantly increased in patients with preoperative serum PSA >20 ng/mL. No correlation between MSX2 nuclear score and Gleason score was found. Taken together, MSX2 may serve as a potential biomarker in predicting primary prostate tumors with higher metastatic capability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China.
authors.forename: Chee-Wai
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Yung-Tuen
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Hiu-Fung
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Kwok-Wah
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Xianghong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Tat
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Yong-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C084119:MSX2 protein