title: Risk for antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms: influence of family history and genetic susceptibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to further evaluate the impact of family history of primary movement disorders (FHpMD) and a candidate genetic variant on risk of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 156 (76 men) inpatients receiving antipsychotics for EPS and FHpMD stratified by patient characteristics. The genetic analysis included genotyping of a multiallelic dinucleotide polymorphism in the ATP1A3 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPS lifetime prevalence was 69% and more frequent in the presence of FHpMD (p = 0.052), particularly in patients younger than 60 years (p = 0.012) and with acute dystonic reactions. The ATP1A3 polymorphism showed an allele length-dependent association with parkinsonism (p=0.019 uncorrected, p=0.057 corrected) exclusively. Carriers of the shortest allele had a 7.7-fold increased risk for parkinsonism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of FHpMD and EPS may be linked to the EPS subtype and age of the patient. A common ATP1A3 genomic variation may represent a susceptibility factor for the risk for antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism in an allele-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brüggemann
authors.forename: Inke R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doerry
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinlechner
authors.forename: Liv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Rebekka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lencer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C488756:ATP1A3 protein, human; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase