title: Tenofovir-induced kidney disease: an acquired renal tubular mitochondriopathy.
abstract: Tenofovir, used in combination with other antiretroviral agents, is an effective therapy for HIV infection. Although large clinical studies and post-marketing data support a benign renal profile for tenofovir, numerous cases of kidney injury raise concern for nephrotoxic potential. Early human studies and experimental evidence suggested that tenofovir itself was not associated with mitochondrial toxicity within the kidney. However, recent animal data demonstrate that tenofovir causes mitochondrial DNA depletion and mitochondrial toxicity. Herlitz et al. confirm the nephrotoxicity of tenofovir in humans. They describe its clinical consequences, histopathologic findings, and its mitochondrial toxicity in HIV+ patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06410, USA. mark.perazella@yale.edu
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perazella
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D000068698:Tenofovir; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine