title: Optimization of low-dose CT protocol in pediatric nuclear medicine imaging.
abstract: This study was performed to find the optimal low-dose CT protocol for children being imaged on SPECT/CT scanners not equipped with automatic dose control. For SPECT/CT systems with manually adjustable x-ray tube voltage (kV) and anode current (mA), an optimized protocol makes it possible to minimize the dose to patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the 4-slice low-dose CT component of a commercially available SPECT/CT scanner, we compared the signals reaching the CT detector after radiation passes through objects of different sizes. First, the exit dose rates were measured for combinations of available voltages and currents. Next, imaging parameters were selected on the basis of acceptable levels of exit dose rates, cylindric phantoms of different diameters approximating children of different sizes were scanned using these parameters, and the quality of the CT images was evaluated. Finally, weighted CT dose indexes for abdomen and head CT dose phantoms simulating, respectively, adult and pediatric patients were measured using exactly the same techniques to estimate and compare doses to these 2 groups of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For children with torsos smaller than 150 mm, imaging can be performed using the lowest available voltage and current (120 kV and 1 mA, respectively). For children with torsos less than 250 mm, 140 kV and 1.5 mA can be used. For patients with torsos greater than 250 and less than 300 mm, 140 kV and 2 mA can be used. Regarding the signal-to-noise ratio, all these parameters give an excellent signal and fully acceptable noise levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the SPECT/CT system studied, even the lowest available voltage and current used for scanning pediatric patients did not cause signal-to-noise degradation, and the use of these settings substantially lowered the dose to the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. hannap@pam.edu.pl
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piwowarska-Bilska
authors.forename: Leszek J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birkenfeld
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cichon-Bankowska
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Listewnik
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zorga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012306:Risk; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*