title: Neck/shoulder pain is more strongly related to depressed mood in adolescent girls than in boys.
abstract: A cross-sectional study of 1258, 14 year old girls and boys used self-report and physical examination measures to assess neck/shoulder pain in the last month, depressed mood, physical fitness, body composition, self-efficacy, global self-worth, family functioning and social advantage. The data was used to compare the relationship between depressed mood and neck/shoulder pain (NSP) in adolescent girls and boys. The prevalence of NSP in girls (34%, 211/621) was significantly greater than in boys (21%, 134/637; p < .001). After controlling for covariates, girls with medium (OR = 4.28; CI = 2.31-7.92; p < .001) and high depressed mood (OR = 8.63; CI = 4.39-16.98; p < .001) were significantly more likely to report NSP than girls with low depressed mood. Depressed mood was also a significant correlate of NSP in boys after controlling for covariates, although the association was substantially weaker (OR = 2.44; CI = 1.29-4.61; p < .001). After controlling for relevant biological, psychological and social covariates, depressed mood was a significant correlate of NSP in both sexes; but the association between depressed mood and NSP was significantly stronger for girls than for boys.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Straker
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*