title: Development and application of co-culture for ethanol production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose: a systematic review.
abstract: This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic glucose and xylose mixture or various biomass hydrolysates are examined. Strain combinations, fermentation modes and conditions, and fermentation performance for these co-culture systems are compared and discussed. It is noted that the combination of Pichia stipitis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or its respiratory-deficient mutant is most commonly used. One of the best results for fermentation of glucose and xylose mixture is achieved by using co-culture of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and free cells of P. stipitis, giving volumetric ethanol production of 1.277 g/l/h and ethanol yield of 0.49-0.50 g/g. The review discloses that, as a strategy for efficient conversion of glucose and xylose, co-culture fermentation for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can increase ethanol yield and production rate, shorten fermentation time, and reduce process costs, and it is a promising technology although immature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. chenyan@auburn.edu
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D010843:Pichia / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism*; D017355:Zymomonas / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D014994:Xylose; D005947:Glucose