title: Unusual cluster of HIV type 1 dual infections in Groningen, The Netherlands.
abstract: In 2007, 14 Dutch men having sex with men (MSM) filed a criminal case against three other men, accusing them of administering sedative drugs, sexual abuse, and deliberate subcutaneous injections with HIV-1-infected blood. Medical files showed that 9 of 17 men presented with an acute HIV-1 infection syndrome during 2006-2007. Two men were not infected with HIV. Analysis of viral strains in the 12 MSM and the three alleged donors showed that one donor and six recipients were double infected with two distinct HIV-1 subtype B strains, while another five recipients and one donor were single infected with either strain. Two men were infected with unrelated strains. The finding of multiple double infections with very similar HIV-1 strains is without precedent.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.c.vanderkuyl@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Antoinette C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van der Kuyl
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jurriaans
authors.forename: Nicole K T
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Herman G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sprenger
authors.forename: Tjip S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: van der Werf
authors.forename: Fokla
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zorgdrager
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berkhout
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase