title: Lack of high-level resistance mutations in HIV type 1 BF recombinant strains circulating in northeast Brazil.
abstract: Abstract The genetic variability and the prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations (DRAM) of HIV-1 isolates from 50 women and 8 children from Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil were investigated. DNA samples were obtained and pol sequences were generated by PCR and direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 39 (67.2%) samples were subtype B, four (6.9%) F, one (1.7%) C, and 14 (24.1%) BF recombinants. Four different BF recombination patterns were detected. Twelve (20.7%) samples shared the same breakpoint within the reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence. Fifty-five (94.8%) isolates showed several resistance-associated mutations in the RT and the protease (PR) genes. Ten (17.2%) isolates presented mutations associated with a high level of resistance: nine (15.5%) to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI), four (6.9%) to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI), and three (5.2%) to PR inhibitors (PIs). Subtype B-infected patients had, on average, 0.5 high-level DRAM per sequence while no mutations were observed in BF recombinants, although the two groups were under ARV for a similar period of time. Our data indicate the predominance of the subtype B, followed by BF recombinants in this population, and the dissemination of a recombinant strain in Bahia, which could be related to adaptive advantages of these variants over the predominant subtype B.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. jmonteiro@bahia.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Joana Paixao
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monteiro-Cunha
authors.forename: Adriano Fernando
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galvao-Castro
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos Junior
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alcantara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1