title: Selection of viable spermatozoa from testicular biopsies: a comparative study between pentoxifylline and hypoosmotic swelling test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy outcome using pentoxifylline and a hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test to select viable spermatozoa from testicular biopsy specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, comparative, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  G.S. Medical College and Fertility clinic, Mumbai, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 couples enrolled for infertility treatment having a male factor indication of nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of viable spermatozoa using pentoxifylline and using an HOS test from a population of nonmotile spermatozoa obtained from testicular biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of fertilization, cleavage, and clinical pregnancy rates using viable sperms recovered using pentoxifylline and an HOS test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viable spermatozoa were obtained in both the study groups. Significantly higher fertilization rates (pentoxifylline 62.05% vs. HOS 41.07%) and clinical pregnancy rates (pentoxifylline 32% vs. HOS 16%) were observed. There was no significant difference in cleavage rates among both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that obtaining viable spermatozoa using pentoxifylline was more effective in terms of fertilization and pregnancies than obtaining it through an HOS test.
authors.affiliation: Fertility Clinic and IVF Center, Mumbai, India. ivflab@mtnl.net.in
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mangoli
authors.forename: Ranjana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mangoli
authors.forename: Sucheta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dandekar
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001706:Biopsy; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010431:Pentoxifylline