title: Successful percutaneous closure of a secundum atrial septal defect through femoral approach in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava.
abstract: Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) is considered the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. Interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation can make delivery of the occluder difficult or not possible. Transjugular, transhepatic approach or surgery can be the alternative. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with ASD II and interrupted inferior vena cava, and describe successful atrial septal defect closure under transesophageal echocardiography guidance through transfemoral approach using a modification of the standard technique.
authors.affiliation: Prince Salman Heart Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tarek S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kashour
authors.forename: Bendhiaba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Latroche
authors.forename: Motea E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Elhoury
authors.forename: Mohammed O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Galal
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging