title: Study of valproic acid-induced endogenous and exogenous metabolite alterations using LC-MS-based metabolomics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Valproic acid (VPA; an anticonvulsant drug) therapy is associated with hepatotoxicity as well as renal toxicity. An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach was undertaken in order to detect urinary VPA metabolites and to discover early biomarkers of the adverse effects induced by VPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD-1 mice were either subcutaneously injected with 600-mg VPA/kg body weight or vehicle only, and urine samples were collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postinjection. A metabolomics approach combined with principal component analysis was utilized to identify VPA-related metabolites and altered endogenous metabolites in urine. Some VPA metabolites indicated potential liver toxicity caused by VPA administration. Additionally, some altered endogenous metabolites suggested that renal function might be perturbed by VPA dosing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LC-MS-based metabolomics is capable of rapidly profiling VPA drug metabolites and is a powerful tool for the discovery of potential early biomarkers related to perturbations in liver and kidney function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Systems Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Jinchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Schnackenberg
authors.forename: Deborah K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Beger
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014635:Valproic Acid