title: Towards brain first-aid: a diagnostic device for conscious awareness.
abstract: When the brain is damaged, evaluating an individual's level of awareness can be a major diagnostic challenge (Is he or she in there?). Existing tests typically rely on behavioral indicators, which are incorrect in as many as one out of every two cases. The current paper presents a diagnostic device that addresses this problem. The technology circumvents behavioral limitations through noninvasive brain wave measurements (electroencephalography, or EEG). Unlike traditional EEG, the device is designed for point-of-care use by incorporating a portable, user-friendly, and stable design. It uses a novel software algorithm that automates subject stimulation, data acquisition/analysis, and the reporting of results. The test provides indicators for five identifiable levels of neural processing: sensation, perception, attention, memory, and language. The results are provided as rapidly obtained diagnostic, reliability, validity, and prognostic scores. The device can be applied to a wide variety of patients across a host of different environments. The technology is designed to be wireless-enabled for remote monitoring and assessment capabilities. In essence, the device is developed to scan for conscious awareness in order to optimize subsequent patient care.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biodiagnostics (Atlantic), National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada. ryan.darcy@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Ryan C N
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: D'Arcy
authors.forename: Sujoy Ghosh
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hajra
authors.forename: Careesa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lauren D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sculthorpe
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017216:Telemedicine; D013686:Telemetry