title: Correlation between safety assessments in the driver-car interaction design process.
abstract: With the functional revolution in modern cars, evaluation methods to be used in all phases of driver-car interaction design have gained importance. It is crucial for car manufacturers to discover and solve safety issues early in the interaction design process. A current problem is thus to find a correlation between the formative methods that are used during development and the summative methods that are used when the product has reached the customer. This paper investigates the correlation between efficiency metrics from summative and formative evaluations, where the results of two studies on sound and navigation system tasks are compared. The first, an analysis of the J.D. Power and Associates APEAL survey, consists of answers given by about two thousand customers. The second, an expert evaluation study, was done by six evaluators who assessed the layouts by task completion time, TLX and Nielsen heuristics. The results show a high degree of correlation between the studies in terms of task efficiency, i.e. between customer ratings and task completion time, and customer ratings and TLX. However, no correlation was observed between Nielsen heuristics and customer ratings, task completion time or TLX. The results of the studies introduce a possibility to develop a usability evaluation framework that includes both formative and summative approaches, as the results show a high degree of consistency between the different methodologies. Hence, combining a quantitative approach with the expert evaluation method, such as task completion time, should be more useful for driver-car interaction design.
authors.affiliation: Driver Interaction & Infotainment, Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden. rbrostr1@volvocars.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broström
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Axelsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D012449:Safety; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis