title: Dietary intervention of cow ghee and soybean oil on expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related genes in normal and carcinogen treated rat mammary gland.
abstract: The present study investigated the effect of cow ghee (clarified butter fat) versus soybean oil on the expression of cyclins A and D1, and apoptosis regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and PKC-α genes in mammary gland of normal and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treated rats. Two groups of 21 days old female rats were fed for 44 weeks diet containing cow ghee or soybean oil (10%). The animals were given DMBA (30 mg/kg body weight) through oral intubation after 5 weeks feeding. Another two groups fed similarly but not given DMBA served as respective controls. In control groups, the expression of cyclin A was similar on both cow ghee and soybean oil, but that of cyclin D1 was more on soybean oil diet. However, in DMBA treated groups, the expression levels of cyclins A and D1 were significantly greater on soybean oil than on cow ghee. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and PKC-α were similar in two control groups. However, in tumor tissue expression levels of Bcl-2 and PKC-α were significantly lower in cow ghee fed rats than in soybean oil fed ones, but Bax was similarly expressed in both DMBA treated groups. The pro-apoptotic ratio Bax/Bcl-2 increased and the anti-apoptotic ratio PKC-α(Bcl-2/Bax) decreased in cow ghee group compared to soybean oil group in DMBA treated rats. Hence, the decreased expressions of cyclins A and D1, Bcl-2 and PKC-α mediate the mechanism by which cow ghee protects from mammary carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Vinod Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaushal
authors.forename: Sachinandan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000235:genetics; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D019925:Cyclin A; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019938:Cyclin D1; D013024:Soybean Oil; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha