title: Radiological and clinical outcome after operations in patients with congenital deficiencies of the wrist and hand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence, therapy results, complications and radiologic workup of operatively treated congenital disorders of the hand and wrist in a large university center during a 10-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional database was retrospectively analysed for patients with congenital disorders of the hand and wrist treated operatively during a 10-year period (1998-2007). Disorders were classified according to Van Schoonhoven into 11 different entities. For each entity the incidence, the patients' age at the time of operation, the pre- and postoperative clinical and radiological workup and the frequency of complications and reoperations were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 278 patients was treated operatively for congenital disorders of the hand and wrist with syndactyly being present in 112, thumb hypoplasia in 15, polydactyly in 11, radial clubhand in 7, radioulnar synostosis in 6, clinodactyly in 6, thumb duplication in 6, brachydactyly in 4 and macrodactyly in 4 cases. Patients' age at the time of operation varied substantially between the different entities with a mean age between 0.9 and 6.2 years. There were 9 complications (3%, n = 278)--all of them infections. There were 28 reoperations (10%, n = 278), 13 of them (5%, n = 278) due to reoccurring webs in syndactyly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital disorders of the hand and wrist include various rare diseases with syndactyly and thumb hypoplasia being the most frequent entities. As a rule, diagnosis is obtained clinically. Radiologic workup typically consists of plain radiography. Complications are rare, whereas reoperations are frequent, mostly due to reoccurring webs in syndactyly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmelzer-Schmied
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014953:Wrist / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*