title: The effect of a single episode of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in the dog mandible.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in dogs. Periodontal disease was induced by placing 3.0 silk ligatures around the mandibular pre-molars bilaterally during 8 weeks. The dogs were randomly treated with aPDT using a dye/laser system, scaling and root planning (SRP), or with the association of treatments (SRP + aPDT). Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 1, 3, and 4 weeks, and the mean counts of 40 species were determined using DNA-DNA hybridization. Gingival biopsies were removed and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1), interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10 and total bacterial load by analysis of 16 S rRNA gene were evaluated through real-time PCR. The results shows that the levels of the majority of the species were reduced 1 week post-therapy for all treatments, however, an increase in counts of Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.00), Prevotella. nigrescens (p = 0.00) and Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.00) was observed for aPDT and SRP + aPDT. After 4 weeks, a regrowth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.00) and Treponema denticola (p = 0.00), was observed for all treatments. Also, a strikingly reduction of counts on counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was observed for the aPDT (p = 0.00). For the cytokine pattern, the results were similar for all treatments, and a reduction in the expression of cytokines and bacterial load was observed throughout the study. Our results suggest that SRP, aPDT in a single application, and SRP + aPDT affects different bacterial species and have similar effects on the expression of cytokines evaluated during the treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Ramos
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Arthur Belém
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: Gustavo P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garlet
authors.forename: Raphael F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taba
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Sérgio L S
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Daniela B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Palioto
authors.forename: Márcio F M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Grisi
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058491:Bacterial Load; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016745:Root Planing
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger