title: Prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men attending STD clinics in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections and identify demographic, behavioral and clinical factors correlated with such infections in men attending six sexually transmitted disease clinics in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentric, cross-sectional study performed among men attending STD clinics in Brazil. The study included STD clinics in six cities distributed throughout the five geographic regions of Brazil in 2005. Patients provided 20 ml of first catch urine for testing for NG and CT by DNA-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 767 (92.9%) men were included in the study. The mean age was 26.5 (SD 8.3) years-old. Prevalence of Chlamydia infection was 13.1% (95%CI 10.7%-15.5%) and gonorrhea was 18.4% (95%CI 15.7%-21.1%). Coinfection prevalence was 4.4% (95%CI 2.95%-5.85%) in men who sought attendance in STI clinics. Factors identified as associated with C. trachomatis were younger age (15-24) [OR=1.4 (95%CI 1.01-1.91)], present urethral discharge [OR=4.8 (95%CI 1.52-15.05)], genital warts [OR=3.0 (95%CI 1.49-5.92)] and previous history of urethral discharge [OR=2.4 (95%CI 1.11-5.18)]. Variables associated with gonorrhea were younger age (15 to 24) [OR=1.5 (95%CI 1.09-2.05)], presence of urethral discharge [OR=9.9 (95%CI 5.53-17.79)], genital warts [OR=18.3 (95%CI 8.03-41.60)] and ulcer present upon clinical examination [OR=4.9 (95%CI 1.06-22.73)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings have important implications for education and prevention actions directed toward men at risk of HIV/STD. A venue-based approach to offer routine screening for young men in STD clinics should be stimulated.
authors.affiliation: STD Unit, National Department of STD/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Joaquim
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moherdaui
authors.forename: Valdir Monteiro
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cleuton
authors.forename: Angelica Espinosa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial