title: Comparison of lignocaine gel-soaked Falope rings vs rectal diclofenac suppository for pain relief in laparoscopic sterilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the analgesic efficacy of lignocaine gel-soaked Silastic bands compared with rectal diclofenac suppositories in patients undergoing interval laparoscopic sterilization under conscious sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Day-case center in a tertiary care hospital in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six women undergoing interval laparoscopic sterilization using Silastic bands (Yoon rings) randomly allocated by computer-generated random numbers into 3 groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women received intravenous sedation with injection diazepam and pentazocine along with local infiltration lignocaine injected at the site of the incision meant for insertion of the single site laparocator. In group 1 (n = 32), the Silastic bands (Falope rings) were presoaked in 2% sterile lignocaine gel; in group 2 (n = 32), women received a 100-mg rectal diclofenac suppository while on the operating table; and women in group 3 received only conventional analgesic. Pain perception was assessed using an 11-point visual analog score just after the procedure while still on the table (zero minutes), at 30 minutes and 1 hour after the procedure, and at discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women in all 3 groups were comparable insofar as age and parity. At zero minutes (while on the operating table), the pain score in all 3 groups was similar. However, the pain scores at 30 and 60 minutes, and at discharge were significantly lower in groups 1 and group 2 compared with group 3. However, 2 women (6.25%) in group 2 and 6 (18.75%) in group 3 required supplemental analgesia within 1 hour, and were administered a 500-mg oral dose of mefenamic acid. The need for further analgesia was significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 (p = .02). Comparison of groups 1 and 3 revealed that in group 1, the pain scores were significantly lower at 30 minutes (p = .02), 1 hour (p = .005), and at discharge (p = .004). No patients in group 1 requested analgesia, whereas 6 women in group 3 asked for further analgesia within an hour postoperatively (p = .01). Similarly in groups 2 and 3, women who received diclofenac suppositories had significantly lower pain scores at the specified intervals (p = 0.02, 0.002, and 0.02, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of lignocaine gel to Falope rings and preoperative insertion of a rectal diclofenac suppository are simple and effective measures for pain control in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing day-case laparoscopic sterilization under conscious sedation. Either method could be incorporated into routine practice, depending on patient and physician choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jai Bhagwan
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Bhaswati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Suneeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Sunesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kallol Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods; D013488:Suppositories; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac; D008012:Lidocaine