title: Mechanisms for anti-inflammatory effects of 1-[15(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoyl] lysophosphatidylcholine, administered intraperitoneally, in zymosan A-induced peritonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) with polyunsaturated acyl chains are known to exert anti-inflammatory actions. 15-Lipoxygeanation is crucial for anti-inflammatory action of polyunsaturated acylated lysoPCs. Here, the anti-inflammatory actions of 1-(15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoyl)-lysoPC (15-HEPE-lysoPC) and its derivatives were examined in a mechanistic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-inflammatory actions of 15-HEPE-lysoPC in zymosan A-induced peritonitis of mice were examined by measuring plasma leakage and leucocyte infiltration, and determining levels of lipid mediators or cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When each lysoPC, administered i.v., was assessed for its ability to suppress zymosan A-induced plasma leakage, 15-HEPE-lysoPC was found to be more potent than 1-(15-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoyl)-lysoPC or 1-eicosapentaenoyl-lysoPC. Separately, i.p. administration of 15-HEPE-lysoPC markedly inhibited plasma leakage, in contrast to 15-HEPE, which had only a small effect. 15-HEPE-lysoPC also decreased leucocyte infiltration. Moreover, it reduced the formation of LTC₄ and LTB₄, 5-lipoxygenation products, as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The time-course study indicated that 15-HEPE-lysoPC might participate in both the early inflammatory phase and resolution phase. Additionally, 15-HEPE-lysoPC administration caused a partial suppression of LTC₄-induced plasma leakage and LTB₄-induced leucocyte infiltration. In the metabolism study, peritoneal exudate was shown to contain lysoPC-hydrolysing activity, crucial for anti-inflammatory activity, and a system capable of generating lipoxin A from 15-hydroxy eicosanoid precursor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  15-HEPE-lysoPC, a precursor for 15-HEPE in target cells, induced anti-inflammatory actions by inhibiting the formation of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and cytokines, and by enhancing the formation of lipoxin A. 15-HEPE-lysoPC might be one of many potent anti-inflammatory lipids in vivo.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-Ku, Teajon, Korea.
authors.forename: Nguyen Dang
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Mee Ree
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dai-Eun
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015054:Zymosan / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D009842:Oligopeptides; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D017997:Leukotriene C4; C033373:butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; D015054:Zymosan; C059164:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13,17-eicosapentaenoic acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid