title: Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of super-oxidized water (Sterilox®) and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis in a bovine root canal model.
abstract: Ideally root canal irrigants should have, amongst other properties, antimicrobial action associated with a lack of toxicity against periapical tissues. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a widely used root canal irrigant, however it has been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on vital tissue and therefore it is prudent to investigate alternative irrigants. Sterilox's Aquatine Alpha Electrolyte® belongs to the group of the super-oxidized waters; it consists of a mixture of oxidizing substances, and has been suggested to be used as root canal irrigant. Super-oxidized waters have been shown to provide efficient cleaning of root canal walls, and have been proposed to be used for the disinfection of medical equipment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the antimicrobial action against Enterococcus faecalis of NaOCl, Optident Sterilox Electrolyte Solution® and Sterilox's Aquatine Alpha Electrolyte® when used as irrigating solutions in a bovine root canal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Root sections were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis JH2-2. After 10 days of incubation the root canals were irrigated using one of three solutions (NaOCl, Optident Sterilox Electrolyte Solution®and Sterilox's Aquatine Alpha Electrolyte®) and subsequently sampled by grinding dentin using drills. The debris was placed in BHI broth and dilutions were plated onto fresh agar plates to quantify growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sodium hypochlorite was the only irrigant to eliminate all bacteria. When the dilutions were made, although NaOCl was still statistically superior, Sterilox's Aquatine Alpha Electrolyte® solution was superior to Optident Sterilox Electrolyte Solution®.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study Sterilox's Aquatine Alpha Electrolyte® appeared to have significantly more antimicrobial action compared to the Optident Sterilox Electrolyte Solution® alone, however NaOCl was the only solution able to consistently eradicate E. faecalis in the model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK. grossifede@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi-Fedele
authors.forename: José Antonio Poli de
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Liviu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steier
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canullo
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steier
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C118085:superoxidized water; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite