title: Amniotic band syndrome with tethering of the spinal cord: a case-based update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amniotic band syndrome consists of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations attributed to entanglement and disruption of different developing parts of the embryo. Multiple asymmetric encephalocele and anencephaly have previously been reported with amniotic band syndrome. Tethering of the spinal cord secondary to amniotic band constriction is exceedingly rare, and this is the second reported case in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of amniotic band resulting in tethering of spinal cord. It is a rare entity, and it is the second reported case of amniotic band causing tethering of the spinal cord. Standard operative approach was used to untether the cord. The child made good post-op recovery without any neurological deterioration. A review of the literature and causative theories is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neural tube defects involving head and spine are thought to result from adhesions between craniofacial structures and chorionic wall or compression forces by amniotic bands. Tethering of the thoracic spinal cord with amniotic band is an exceedingly rare occurrence. It is a rare entity, but it can be treated with a conventional approach with a favourable outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham Children Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK. benedetta.pettorini@bch.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pettorini
authors.forename: Naem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Shailendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magdum
mesh_terms: D000652:Amniotic Band Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery