title: School nursing on the iron range in a public health nursing model.
abstract: Frontier nursing in the public health model might invoke images of school nurses on horseback in rural Kentucky or the wilds of the western prairies. Northern Minnesota was a frontier in the last decade of the 19th century, due to the discovery of one of the richest seams of iron ore on the North American continent. Immigrants from Europe responded to the opportunities this discovery created. Among the many Finns arriving on the Iron Range of Minnesota, as it came to be named, were the parents of Lillian Augusta Wilhelmena Beck, John and Hulda Beck. Over her more than nine decades of life, their daughter became one of the most well known school nurses on the Iron Range. Her story evokes memories of the creation of school nursing in the public health model by nurses at the Henry Street Settlement in New York City.
authors.affiliation: William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Auburndale, MA, USA. joellenhawkins@mac.com
authors.forename: Joellen W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D002165:Camping; D002641:Chicago; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008910:Minnesota; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000266:history*; D011637:Public Health Nursing / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D012573:School Nursing / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States