title: Complete biodegradation of 4-fluorocinnamic acid by a consortium comprising Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp. strain H1.
abstract: A consortium of the newly isolated bacterial strains Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp. strain H1 utilized 4-fluorocinnamic acid for growth under aerobic conditions. Strain G1 converted 4-fluorocinnamic acid into 4-fluorobenzoic acid and used the two-carbon side chain for growth, with some formation of 4-fluoroacetophenone as a dead-end side product. In the presence of strain H1, complete mineralization of 4-fluorocinnamic acid and release of fluoride were obtained. Degradation of 4-fluorocinnamic acid by strain G1 occurred through a β-oxidation mechanism and started with the formation of 4-fluorocinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA), as indicated by the presence of 4-fluorocinnamoyl-CoA ligase. Enzymes for further transformation were detected in cell extract, i.e., 4-fluorocinnamoyl-CoA hydratase, 4-fluorophenyl-β-hydroxy propionyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 4-fluorophenyl-β-keto propionyl-CoA thiolase. Degradation of 4-fluorobenzoic acid by strain H1 proceeded via 4-fluorocatechol, which was converted by an ortho-cleavage pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Maria Isabel M
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Martijn J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koetsier
authors.forename: Muhammad I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.forename: Dick B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005459:Fluorides / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D043367:Ralstonia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D002934:Cinnamates; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C042046:4-fluorocinnamic acid; D005459:Fluorides; C022893:4-fluorobenzoic acid