title: Smoking behaviour, involuntary smoking, attitudes towards smoke-free legislations, and tobacco control activities in the European Union.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The six most important cost-effective policies on tobacco control can be measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The objective of our study was to describe the correlation between the TCS and smoking prevalence, self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes towards smoking restrictions in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ecologic study in the EU27. We used data from the TCS in 2007 and from the Eurobarometer on Tobacco Survey in 2008. We analysed the relations between the TCS and prevalence of smoking, self-reported exposure to SHS (home and work), and attitudes towards smoking bans by means of scatter plots and Spearman rank-correlation coefficients (r(sp)). Among the EU27, smoking prevalence varied from 22.6% in Slovenia to 42.1% in Greece. Austria was the country with the lowest TCS score (35) and the UK had the highest one (93). The correlation between smoking prevalence and TCS score was negative (r(sp) = -0.42, p = 0.03) and the correlation between TCS score and support to smoking bans in all workplaces was positive (r(sp) = 0.47, p = 0.01 in restaurants; r(sp) = 0.5, p = 0.008 in bars, pubs, and clubs; and r(sp) = 0.31, p = 0.12 in other indoor workplaces). The correlation between TCS score and self-reported exposure to SHS was negative, but statistically non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Countries with a higher score in the TCS have higher support towards smoking bans in all workplaces (including restaurants, bars, pubs and clubs, and other indoor workplaces). TCS scores were strongly, but not statistically, associated with a lower prevalence of smokers and a lower self-reported exposure to SHS.
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Control Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sánchez
authors.forename: Esteve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Xisca
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clancy
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D005062:European Union / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017132:Workplace / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution