title: Chemical investigation of the essential oil from berries and needles of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) growing wild in Estonia.
abstract: The essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) from the fresh and dried needles and dried berries of Juniperus communis L. of Estonian origin were subjected to GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. The yields of the oils ranged between 0.2% and 0.6% from juniper berries and between 0.5% and 1.0% from needles (dried weight). A total of 87 compounds were identified, representing over 95% of the oil. The major compounds in the needle oil were monoterpenes α-pinene (33.3-45.6%), sabinene (0.2-15.4%), limonene (2.8-4.6%) and sesquiterpenes (E)-β-caryophyllene (0.8-10.3%), α-humulene (0.8-6.2%) and germacrene D (3.0-7.8%). The juniper berry oil was rich in α-pinene (53.6-62.3%), β-myrcene (6.5-6.9%) and germacrene D (4.5-6.1%). The main oxygenated terpenoids found in the needle oil were germacrene D-4-ol (0.4-4.0%) and α-cadinol (to 2.7%). The oil from fresh needles contained high amounts of (E)-2-hexenal (3.7-11.7%).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia. aorav@chemnet.ee
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: Tiiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kailas
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muurisepp
mesh_terms: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry; D004957:Estonia; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D018653:Juniperus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077222:Limonene; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; D013729:Terpenes; C035127:sabinene; D000077222:Limonene; C024714:caryophyllene; C005451:alpha-pinene; C027259:germacrene D