title: Candida galli strain PGO6: a novel isolated yeast strain capable of transformation of isoeugenol into vanillin and vanillic acid.
abstract: Candida galli strain PGO6 isolated from oil-contaminated water is the first isolated yeast strain which is capable to form vanillin and vanillic acid during isoeugenol biotransformation. The products were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), changes in the UV absorption pattern and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The phenotypic and physiochemical characteristics as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis based on amplification the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA regions indicated the isolated strain PGO6 was identified as C. galli (GenBank accession number HM641231). Resting cells of C. galli PGO6 from the late-exponential of growth phase were used as biocatalysts for the biotransformation of isoeugenol. The optimal molar conversion of vanillin (48%) and vanillic acid (19%) was obtained after a 30 h incubation using 0.1% (v/v) of isoeugenol and 6 mg of dry weight of cells per ml without further optimization. Under these conditions, the total amount of vanillin and vanillic acid was 583 mg l(-1). Further biotransformation was carried out using 0.5% (v/v) of isoeugenol under the resting cells conditions, yielding a vanillin concentration of 1.12 g l(-1) (molar yield 25.7%) after 60 h incubation. This study brings the first evidence for biotransformation of isoeugenol to vanillin and vanillic acid by a yeast strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Azadi Sq., Daneshgah St., 81746-73441, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Morahem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashengroph
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nahvi
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zarkesh-Esfahani
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Momenbeik
mesh_terms: D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010802:Phylogeny; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S; D005054:Eugenol; C036643:isoeugenol; C100058:vanillin; D014641:Vanillic Acid