title: Risk factors influencing antibody responses to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent and lytic antigens in patients under antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity and lytic antibody titer are predictors for Kaposi's sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined demographic, viral, and immunologic factors that influence KSHV latent and lytic antibodies in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detection rate of KSHV latent but not lytic antibodies was lower in patients with CD4 cells/mm3 less than 200 than greater than 200 (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.61) and CD8 cells/mm3 less than 400 than greater than 400 (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.67). Overall seropositivity rate was higher in patients with CD4 cells/mm3 less than 200 than greater than 200 (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.37-4.02) and HIV copies/mL greater than 400 than less than 400 (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.09-2.65). Lytic antibody level was inversely correlated with CD4 count (P < 0.001). Lytic seropositivity (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.35-4.50) and antibody level (adjusted difference mean optical density, 0.324; 95% CI, 0.16-0.46) were higher in patients with HIV infection greater than 15 than less than 15 years. Hispanics had higher lytic seropositivity rate (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.07-2.73) and antibody level (adjusted difference mean optical density, 0.111; 95% CI, 0.03-0.18) than non-Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower CD4 and CD8 counts impair antibody response to KSHV latent antigens. Immune deterioration, long-term HIV infection, and Hispanic status are risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma predictors.
authors.affiliation: Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Moraima
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guadalupe
authors.forename: Brad H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redding
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anstead
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Agan
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sankar
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rebeles
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Flahive
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoolfield
authors.forename: Linding
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiufen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.forename: Chih-Ko
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: Shou-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D005260:Female; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral