title: Dysthymia in a cross-cultural perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dysthymia is a relatively less-studied condition within the spectrum of depressive disorders. New and important information about its status has emerged in recent scientific literature. This review highlights some of the findings of that literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even though studies addressing the cross-cultural validity of dysthymia are being awaited, results of studies using comparable ascertainment procedures suggest that the lifetime and 12-month estimates of the condition may be higher in high-income than in low and middle-income countries. However, the disorder is associated with elevated risks of suicidal outcomes and comparable levels of disability whereever it occurs. Dysthymia commonly carries a worse prognosis than major depressive disorder and comparable or worse clinical outcome than other forms of chronic depression. Whereas there is some evidence that psychotherapy may be less effective than pharmacotherapy in the treatment of dysthymia, the best treatment approach is one that combines both forms of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysthymia is a condition of considerable public health importance. Our current understanding suggests that it should receive more clinical and research attention. Specifically, the development of better treatment approaches, especially those that can be implemented in diverse populations, deserves research attention.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences, Drug and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. ogureje@comui.edu.ng
authors.forename: Oye
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data