title: Sex and ethnic differences in the waist circumference of 5-year-old children: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study.
abstract: We examined sex and ethnic differences in central fatness, as assessed by waist circumference measurements, in 13 590 Millennium Cohort Study 5-year-olds. Measurements were expressed as z-scores based on reference data from the British Standards Institute. The cohort, especially girls, had larger waist circumference measurements than the reference population. Black children had larger waist, and children from other minority ethnic groups had smaller waist than White children. Girls, and Black children, in the United Kingdom are at particular risk for central fatness. Further research is needed to clarify ethnic and other influences on fat distribution, and the health outcomes associated with central fatness.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. l.griffiths@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dezateux
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology*; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data