title: Rice xa13 recessive resistance to bacterial blight is defeated by induction of the disease susceptibility gene Os-11N3.
abstract: The rice (Oryza sativa) gene xa13 is a recessive resistance allele of Os-8N3, a member of the NODULIN3 (N3) gene family, located on rice chromosome 8. Os-8N3 is a susceptibility (S) gene for Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight, and the recessive allele is defeated by strains of the pathogen producing any one of the type III effectors AvrXa7, PthXo2, or PthXo3, which are all members of the transcription activator-like (TAL) effector family. Both AvrXa7 and PthXo3 induce the expression of a second member of the N3 gene family, here named Os-11N3. Insertional mutagenesis or RNA-mediated silencing of Os-11N3 resulted in plants with loss of susceptibility specifically to strains of X. oryzae pv oryzae dependent on AvrXa7 or PthXo3 for virulence. We further show that AvrXa7 drives expression of Os-11N3 and that AvrXa7 interacts and binds specifically to an effector binding element within the Os-11N3 promoter, lending support to the predictive models for TAL effector binding specificity. The result indicates that variations in the TAL effector repetitive domains are driven by selection to overcome both dominant and recessive forms of resistance to bacterial blight in rice. The finding that Os-8N3 and Os-11N3 encode closely related proteins also provides evidence that N3 proteins have a specific function in facilitating bacterial blight disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Ginny
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antony
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071336:Transcription Activator-Like Effectors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071336:Transcription Activator-Like Effectors; C413190:avrXa7 protein, Xanthomonas oryzae