title: Efficacy and tolerability of a generic and a branded formulation of atorvastatin 20 mg/d in hypercholesterolemic Korean adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reduction in plasma LDL-C concentrations with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy has been reported to reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality in individuals with or without preexisting coronary artery disease and elevated LDL-C concentrations. Atorvastatin is a statin used for lowering LDL-C concentrations. A generic formulation of atorvastatin is being developed in Korea. This study was undertaken for the purposes of marketing the generic formulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a generic formulation of atorvastatin 20 mg/d versus a branded formulation at the same dosage in hypercholesterolemic Korean adults at high risk for cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study was conducted at 10 clinical centers in Korea between September 2008 and May 2009. Male and female patients aged 20 to 85 years at high risk for cardiovascular events (defined as an elevated LDL-C concentration [≥100 mg/dL]) were enrolled. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive generic or branded atorvastatin 20 mg once daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the percentage change from baseline to 8 weeks in LDL-C concentration. Secondary end points were the percentage changes from baseline in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and B, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations; small, dense LDL (sdLDL) fraction; and tolerability. Tolerability was assessed using physical examination, laboratory testing, and by recording adverse events (AEs) at each visit. An additional secondary end point was the proportion of patients who achieved an LDL-C goal of <100 mg/dL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 244 patients were randomized to treatment, and 33 patients were withdrawn from the study (9 patients did not receive the study medication, 11 patients due to AEs, and 13 patients due to withdrawal of consent). A total of 211 patients completed the study (50.7% male; 100% Asian; mean [SD] age, 61.7 [9.2] years) (106 patients in the group that received Accepted for publication October 5, 2010. the generic formulation and 105 patients in the group that received the branded formulation). LDL-C concentrations were reduced from the baseline by 44% and 46% after 8 weeks of treatment with the generic and branded formulations, respectively (P = NS). The percentage changes from baseline to study end in HDL-C, TC, TG, apo A1, apo B, and hsCRP concentrations and sdLDL fraction the proportions of patients who achieved the LDL-C goal between the 2 groups did not reach statistical significance. The most commonly reported events were hepatobiliary laboratory abnormality (1.7%), general somatic discomfort (1.7%), and epigastric pain (0.8%) in the group that received the generic formulation, and myalgia (1.7%), epigastric pain (0.9%), and elevation of creatinine phosphokinase (0.9%) in the group that received the branded formulation. No serious AEs were reported in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 8 weeks of treatment, the differences in the LDL-C-lowering effects between the generic and branded formulations of atorvastatin 20 mg/d did not reach statistical significance in these Korean patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. Both formulations were generally well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyungil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soon-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Young-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ji-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Geon-Woong
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Myung-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Moo-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hyon
authors.forename: Dong-Woon
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyo-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin