title: Measuring participation in individuals with Parkinson disease: relationships with disease severity, quality of life, and mobility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aims were to: (1) describe participation in people with Parkinson disease (PD), (2) evaluate the relationship between quality of life and participation and (3) determine the mobility measures which are predictive of participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with idiopathic PD (n = 62) were tested off medication for participation (Activity Card Sort), quality of life (PDQ-39), disease severity (MDS-UPDRS) and mobility (Berg Balance Scale, Five Time Sit to Stand (FTSTS), Six Minute Walk, forward walking velocity, dual-task walking velocity and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ)). Relationships of all variables to participation were examined using Pearson correlations. Subsequent regression analysis was employed to determine the mobility measures which best predicted the participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with PD retained, on average, 78.3% (SD = 15.6%) of total activities. Participation was negatively correlated with all PDQ-39 domains (r range -0.36 to -0.78, all p < 0.005) with the mobility domain having the strongest correlation. All mobility measures were significantly correlated with participation, with the final regression model including only FTSTS and FOGQ which combined explained 37% of the variance in participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participation is highly related to mobility-related QOL and may be most impacted by ability to stand up from a chair and freezing of gait in those with PD.
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St Louis, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Gammon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Earhart
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology