title: Ultrasound assessment of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, no standardization for the visualization of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) has been established in clinical practice. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the shape and position of the tape using ultrasound and to compare this data with clinical postoperative results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a three-year period, 296 patients with clinically and urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were treated with TVT and received follow-up in our department. An additional 12 patients, who were initially treated in other hospitals and had postoperative problems, were included in this study. Depending on the outcome after 3 months, the patients were divided into groups with and without specific disorders. The TVT was evaluated by introital ultrasound. The position of the tape was established by its location in relation to the urethral length and the distance to the hypoechoic center of the urethra (HCU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A suitable TVT position was determined in patients without any postoperative disorders. The mean value for the TVT position at rest in relation to the urethral length was 61 %. The distance to the HCU was 4.6 ± 1.5 mm. In patients with persistent SUI, the tape was more often located under the inner (3 % vs. 0 %) or outer quarter (29 % vs. 13 %, p = 0.004). In patients with residual volume, the distance to the urethra was significantly lower (2.7 vs. 4.6, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TVT may be regularly investigated using ultrasound. In combination with the clinical outcome, it represents an important method of evaluating the tape and assists in the planning of a future therapeutic course of action in cases of postoperative problems.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Memmingen.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flock
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kohorst
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreienberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D053825:Suburethral Slings; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology