title: Effect of a serotonin antagonist on delay in grip muscle relaxation for persons with chronic hemiparetic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if, following stroke, sustained involuntary activity after voluntary contraction (e.g., grip) of the long finger flexor muscles of the paretic hand is attributable to augmented serotonin release from brainstem pathways, affecting excitability of spastic motoneurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-dose placebo-controlled study examined whether a serotonin receptor (5-HT2) antagonist, cyproheptadine hydrochloride, could reduce delay in muscle relaxation of a key paretic long finger flexor muscle immediately after grip for persons with stroke. Time to initiate the long finger flexor muscle contraction, grip and pinch strengths, and clinical hand function scores (the Action Research Arm Test and the Box and Block Test) were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyproheptadine hydrochloride reduced mean delays in finger relaxation (n=13; from 7.2 to 4.1 s; SEM=1.2 s; p=.026) in comparison to placebo, while leaving grip and pinch strengths and time to initiate the muscle contraction largely unaffected. Reduction in the relaxation time alone did not lead to increased clinical hand function scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the supposition that monoaminergic brainstem pathways may be disinhibited following stroke, thereby resulting in increased delays in muscle relaxation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatments to reduce delay in muscle relaxation may facilitate hand rehabilitation in persons with stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States. seon@uwm.edu
authors.forename: Na Jin
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Heidi W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Ross A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bogey
authors.forename: William Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Rymer
authors.forename: Derek G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kamper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D003533:Cyproheptadine