title: Cancer stem cell immunophenotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of cancer stem cell (CSC) antigens can be evidenced in some human tumors by phenotypic analysis through immunostaining. This study aims to identify a putative CSC immunophenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine its influence on prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following data were retrieved from 157 patents: age, gender, primary anatomic site, smoking and alcohol intake, recurrence, metastases, histologic classification, treatment, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). An immunohistochemical study for CD44 and CD24 was performed in a tissue microarray of 157 paraffin blocks of OSCCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, the immunostaining pattern showed significant influences in relation to OS for alcohol intake and treatment, as well as for the CD44(+) and CD44(-) /CD24(-) immunophenotypes. The multivariate test confirmed these associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, the CD44 immunostaining and the absence of immunoexpression of these two investigated markers can be used in combination with other clinicopathologic information to improve the assessment of prognosis in OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucinei R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: João P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Costa
authors.forename: Iana M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Danilo F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Soave
authors.forename: Juliana S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucoloto
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D051927:CD24 Antigen; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors