title: [Beneficial effects of retinoic acid on in vitro invasiveness of human thyroid carcinoma cell lines].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti metastatic potential of retinoic acid as an important determinant of metastatic behavior in thyroid carcinoma and understand the role of invasion associated proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell lines FTC-133 and XTC.UC1, anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines C643 and HTH74 were studied. All cell lines were cultured with all-trans-RA (ATRA) or solvent ethanol. The in vitro invasion and adhesion potency were studied by transwell experiment and short-term adhesion assay. The functions of invasion associated proteins, urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), MMP2 and E-cadherin were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro invasion assay revealed that ATRA treatment could reduce the invasive potency in all the thyroid cancer cell lines. On Day 5 of ATRA treatment, the numbers of cells that migrated through extracellular matrix were as follows, in contrast to control group, FTC-133: 91±9 vs 118±10, C643: 92±17 vs 164±21, HTH74: 87±18 vs 169±15, and XTC.UC1: 95±23 vs 136±15, respectively (all P<0.05). Short term adhesion assay suggested that ATRA increases cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) in C643, HTH74 and XTC.UC1. RT-PCR and Western blot both revealed diminished expression of uPAR in all four carcinoma cell lines. In C643 and HTH74 cell lines, the expression of uPA was reduced and the expression of E-Cadherin was increased; whereas the MMP2 expression was not significantly down-regulated in ATRA treated group. In ATRA treated FTC-133 and XTC.UC1 cell lines, MMP2 expression was decreased, but no significant changes in uPA and E-Cadherin expression were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates the influence of ATRA on two important determinants of metastatic behavior ("de adhesion" and proteolysis) in thyroid carcinoma cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, China. lanjingling0627@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Bing-yin
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Guo-ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2