title: Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness with cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents: the NHANES 1999-2002.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to examine combined and independent effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness on cardiovascular risk factors among U.S. adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from adolescents age 12 to 19 years participating in the NHANES 1999 to 2002 were used. Fitness level was determined by submaximal treadmill test and was dichotomized as 'not fit' or 'fit' according to the FITNESSGRAM. Fatness level was categorized as 'not fat' or 'fat' based on the CDC BMI growth charts. Gender-specific multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to compare age-, race/ethnicity-, fatness-, and waist circumference-adjusted means of blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, C-peptide, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3202 adolescents (1629 boys) were included for data analysis. Among boys, total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and CRP mean levels were significantly higher (P < .05) in the 'not fit' group than in the 'fit' group, after adjustment for fatness level and waist circumference. Among girls, the fatness level- and waist circumference-adjusted means of total cholesterol (P < .01) and LDL-C (P < .09) were higher in the 'not fit' than 'fit' groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of fatness, may have beneficial effects on lipid profiles among girls, and on lipid profiles, insulin metabolism, and inflammation levels among boys.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Soyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Trudy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janz
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors