title: The prognostic value of treadmill exercise testing in very elderly patients: heart rate recovery as a predictor of mortality in octogenarians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several treadmill exercise testing prognostic parameters have been identified in various populations. However, despite the widespread use of treadmill exercise testing, the prognostic value in very elderly patients has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the results of treadmill exercise testing in octogenarians, and to examine various parameters in order to identify a prognostic marker of mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 97 consecutive octogenarians (age, 81.1 ± 1.8 years; 66% male) who were referred for treadmill exercise testing. During the follow-up period (2.6 ± 1.6 years), all-cause death occurred in 20 patients (21%). Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) (defined as a decreased heart rate of ≤ 18 beats per minute after peak exercise) [hazard ratio (HR), 2.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-7.47; P = 0.037] and ischaemic ST-segment change (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.01-6.46; P = 0.047) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. After adjusting for age and sex, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that abnormal HRR was the only independent predictor of all-cause death (HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.01-8.11; P = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attenuated HRR is a significant prognostic marker for all-cause death among octogenarians. The results may provide helpful support for risk stratification in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Okazaki City Hospital, 3-1 Goshoai Koryuji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8553, Japan. pinponstar@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors