title: Temporal reliability of cytokines and growth factors in EDTA plasma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines are involved in the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. It is important to evaluate the temporal reproducibility of cytokines in plasma prior to conducting epidemiologic studies utilizing these markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed the temporal reliability of CRP, 22 cytokines and their soluble receptors (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TNFα, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, IFNα, IFNγ) and eight growth factors (GM-CSF, EGF, bFGF, G-CSF, HGF, VEGF, EGFR, ErbB2) in repeated EDTA plasma samples collected an average of two years apart from 18 healthy women (age range: 42-62) enrolled in a prospective cohort study. We also estimated the correlation between serum and plasma biomarker levels using 18 paired clinical samples from postmenopausal women (age range: 75-86).Twenty-six assays were able to detect their analytes in at least 70% of samples. Of those 26 assays, we observed moderate to high intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs)(ranging from 0.53-0.89) for 22 assays, and low ICCs (0-0.47) for four assays. Serum and plasma levels were highly correlated (r > 0.6) for most markers, except for seven assays (r < 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For 22 of the 31 biomarkers, a single plasma measurement is a reliable estimate of a woman's average level over a two-year period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Tess.Clendenen@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Tess V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Clendenen
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lokshin
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idahl
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Adele M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marrangoni
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nolen
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohlson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundin