title: Extraction and identification of three major aldose reductase inhibitors from Artemisia montana.
abstract: Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) provide an important therapeutic and preventive opportunity against hyperglycemia associated diabetic complications. The methanolic extracts of 12 species from the genus Artemisia exhibited significant in vitro rat lens AR (RLAR) inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.51 to 13.45 μg/mL (quercetin, 0.64 μg/mL). Since the whole plant of Artemisia montana showed the highest RLAR inhibitory activity, bioassay-guided fractionation was performed to obtain ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. Repeated column chromatography of two active fractions, yielded fifteen compounds, including four chlorogenic acids (3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid), six flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, luteolin 7-rutinoside), and five coumarins (umbelliferone, scoparone, scopoletin, esculetin, and scopolin); their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. 3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid, as well as test flavonoids, displayed the most potent RLAR inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.19 to 5.37 μM. Furthermore, the HPLC profiles of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions indicated that 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and hyperoside, as major compounds, might play crucial roles in RLAR inhibition. The results suggest that A. montana and three key AR inhibitors therein would clearly be potential candidates as therapeutic or preventive agents for diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: M D Nurul
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Seong Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: You Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Jin Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Jae Sue
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000201:enzymology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase