title: Hemodialysis duration impairs food intake and nutritional parameters in chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis (HD) duration on food intake and nutritional markers in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty CKD patients received maintenance HD over a 9-year period. At the beginning of the study (T0) and at 3-year intervals (T1, T2, and T3) during the 9-year follow-up, a nutritional survey using the 24-h recall and record method was repeated for 4 days, and the blood samples were drawn. The results from T0 were used as references. Nutritional status was assessed through food intake, nutritional markers (urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin), and anthropometric measurements (height, dry weight, and body mass index).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HD duration was correlated with energy intake (r = -0.89, P < 0.01), protein intake (r = -0.50, P < 0.05), and body mass index (r = -0.50, P < 0.05). Albuminemia decreased over time. Reduced carbohydrate intakes were noted in patients at T1 (-8%), T2 (-38%), and T3 (-59%) with decreased fiber intakes. Lipid intake was diminished by 11, 17, and 25% in patients, respectively, at T1, T2, and T3. The consumption of milk and dairy products, meats, fish, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and fat was reduced at T1, T2, and T3. In conclusion, long-term HD fails to correct undernutrition caused by CKD. Long-term dialysis complications could be reduced with preventive measures, including the use of biocompatible membranes and high-dose dialysis. Consequently, patients could experience a decreased prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Département de Biologie. Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Oran, 31100 Es-Sénia, Algeria. khmekki@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Khedidja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mekki
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remaoun
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belleville
authors.forename: Malika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouchenak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014527:Uric Acid; D014508:Urea; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine