title: Unresolved pain in children: a relational ethics perspective.
abstract: It is considered the right of children to have their pain managed effectively. Yet, despite extensive research findings, policy guidelines and practice standard recommendations for the optimal management of paediatric pain, clinical practices remain inadequate. Empirical evidence definitively shows that unrelieved pain in children has only harmful consequences, with no benefits. Contributing factors identified in this undermanaged pain include the significant role of nurses. Nursing attitudes and beliefs about children's pain experiences, the relationships nurses share with children who are suffering, and knowledge deficits in pain management practices are all shown to impact unresolved pain in children. In this article, a relational ethics perspective is used to explore the need for nurses to engage in authentic relationships with children who are experiencing pain, and to use evidence-based practices to manage that pain in order for this indefensible suffering of children to end.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Canada. deboraho@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Olmstead
authors.forename: Shannon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D002651:Child Advocacy / Q000941:ethics*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D028781:Ethical Relativism; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D028681:Moral Obligations; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000941:ethics; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000941:ethics / Q000451:nursing; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000941:ethics; D017211:Treatment Failure