title: De novo lipogenesis maintains vascular homeostasis through endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) palmitoylation.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction leads to lethal vascular complications in diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Here, we demonstrate that de novo lipogenesis, an insulin-dependent process driven by the multifunctional enzyme fatty-acid synthase (FAS), maintains endothelial function by targeting endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) to the plasma membrane. In mice with endothelial inactivation of FAS (FASTie mice), eNOS membrane content and activity were decreased. eNOS and FAS were physically associated; eNOS palmitoylation was decreased in FAS-deficient cells, and incorporation of labeled carbon into eNOS-associated palmitate was FAS-dependent. FASTie mice manifested a proinflammatory state reflected as increases in vascular permeability, endothelial inflammatory markers, leukocyte migration, and susceptibility to LPS-induced death that was reversed with an NO donor. FAS-deficient endothelial cells showed deficient migratory capacity, and angiogenesis was decreased in FASTie mice subjected to hindlimb ischemia. Insulin induced FAS in endothelial cells freshly isolated from humans, and eNOS palmitoylation was decreased in mice with insulin-deficient or insulin-resistant diabetes. Thus, disrupting eNOS bioavailability through impaired lipogenesis identifies a novel mechanism coordinating nutritional status and tissue repair that may contribute to diabetic vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaochao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jochen G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Sherene M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shenouda
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dwight A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Towler
authors.forename: Manu V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.forename: Clay F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Semenkovich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D054878:Lipoylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases