title: End-of-life in adults with congenital heart disease: a call for early communication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated preferences of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their health care providers regarding end-of-life (EOL) communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult CHD outpatients and health care providers completed surveys about preferences for and experiences with EOL communication. Responses were compared between patients and providers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred patients (18-79 years) and 48 CHD health care providers (primarily cardiologists) completed surveys. Only 2 patients (1%) indicated that they had discussed EOL planning with their medical team. In contrast, 50% of providers reported that they typically discuss issues including life expectancy, advance planning, and resuscitation preferences with their outpatients. Seventy-eight percent (156/199) of patients wanted their medical team to raise EOL issues; this preference was independent of disease complexity and socio-demographic factors. In contrast, providers reported that their EOL discussions increase in accordance with disease complexity (p<0.001). Early initiation of EOL discussions, before diagnosis with life-threatening complications, was favored by 62% of patients but only 38% of providers (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals caring for adults with CHD should explore preferences of their patients for EOL discussions earlier in the disease course, and not only with patients facing life-threatening complications and/or with complex conditions. When EOL discussions do occur, health care providers should attempt to ensure that patients better understand these conversations. Increased attention to EOL issues is proposed in order to improve the care of patients with CHD across the lifespan.
authors.affiliation: Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greutmann
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: Mehtap
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greutmann-Yantiri
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Librach
authors.forename: Adrienne H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kovacs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult