title: A bio-psycho-social exercise program (RÜCKGEWINN) for chronic low back pain in rehabilitation aftercare--study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is strong, internationally confirmed evidence for the short-term effectiveness of multimodal interdisciplinary specific treatment programs for chronic back pain. However, the verification of long-term sustainability of achieved effects is missing so far. For long-term improvement of pain and functional ability high intervention intensity or high volume seems to be necessary (> 100 therapy hours). Especially in chronic back pain rehabilitation, purposefully refined aftercare treatments offer the possibility to intensify positive effects or to increase their sustainability. However, quality assured goal-conscious specific aftercare programs for the rehabilitation of chronic back pain are absent.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study aims to examine the efficacy of a specially developed bio-psycho-social chronic back pain specific aftercare intervention (RÜCKGEWINN) in comparison to the current usual aftercare (IRENA) and a control group that is given an educational booklet addressing pain-conditioned functional ability and back pain episodes. Overall rehabilitation effects as well as predictors for compliance to the aftercare programs are analysed. Therefore, a multicenter prospective 3-armed randomised controlled trial is conducted. 456 participants will be consecutively enrolled in inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation and assigned to either one of the three study arms. Outcomes are measured before and after rehabilitation. Aftercare programs are assessed at ten month follow up after dismissal form rehabilitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Special methodological and logistic challenges are to be mastered in this trial, which accrue from the interconnection of aftercare interventions to their residential district and the fact that the proportion of patients who take part in aftercare programs is low. The usability of the aftercare program is based on the transference into the routine care and is also reinforced by developed manuals with structured contents, media and material for organisation assistance as well as training manuals for therapists in the aftercare.
authors.affiliation: Institut of Sport Science, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstrasse 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. christian.hentschke@sport.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hentschke
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult