title: [Triple arthrodesis with osteotomy for the treatment of stage IIB and stage III adult-acquired flatfoot deformity].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical outcomes of triple arthrodesis with osteotomy in the treatment of Stage IIB and Stage III adult-acquired flatfoot.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed 10 cases of adult-acquired flatfoot, including 3 cases of stage IIB adult-acquired flatfoot and 7 cases of stage III adult-acquired flatfoot. They were treated by triple arthrodesis with osteotomy of subtalar joint (STJ), talonavicular joint (TNJ) and calcaneocuboid joint (CCJ). The combined medial and lateral incisions were used to obtain adequate exposure for CCJ, STJ and TNJ. Then the cartilages of CCJ, STJ and TNJ were completely denuded and osteotomies to restore their proper alignments. The optimal positioning of hindfoot could be achieved and fixed by Kirschner wires. Two cannulated screws of 7.3 mm were delivered through the plantar aspect of heel to fix STJ. And then two 4.5 mm cannulated screws individually fixed TNJ and CCJ distal to proximal. Clinical evaluations were based on the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale and subjective assessments of pains, function, cosmesis and overall satisfaction. Radiographic evaluations included measurements of anterior-posterior talo-first metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle and an assessment of time to union for all arthrodeses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were followed-up with a mean time of 13.2 (6 - 21) months. The average AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale improved from 39.4 ± 4.4 preoperatively to 83.7 ± 2.6 postoperatively (P < 0.01). And the patients experienced subjective improvements in pain, function and cosmesis. Overall, all patients were satisfied. Radiographically, the rate of bone healing was 100%. The anterior-posterior talo-first metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle statistically improved. No complication, such as infection and un-union, was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple arthrodesis with osteotomy is an effective procedure for the treatment of stage IIB and III adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. It may relieve pains, correct structural deformities and obtain excellent clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. tangkanglai@sina.com
authors.forename: Kang-lai
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jian-bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hui-feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-kang
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Mei-ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian-zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods*; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000601:surgery; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult