title: Flexible PDMS -based dry electrodes for electro-optic acquisition of ECG signals in wearable devices.
abstract: We present a new type of flexible dry copper electrodes based on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings, requiring no electrical contact with the body. Tests were performed in order to evaluate the performance of these types of electrodes using electro-optic techniques, suitable for wearable devices. Conductive and insulated PDMS layers were fabricated through a spin coating process, reaching a thickness of 100µ. These layers were then deposited on top of a flexible copper sheet. In a first set of experiments PDMS-based electrodes were compared with Ag/AgCl pre-gelled electrodes, showing comparable performances and lower noise signals. In order to test the influence of electrode area into signal strength, different sizes were chosen: 10.14 cm(2), 17.55 cm(2), 25.3 cm(2) and 39 cm(2). The results have shown that the signal strength increases with electrode area. We have also tested the influence of PDMS conductivity in signal strength, by adding two types of nickel to the pre-polymer solution. PDMS conductive electrodes have shown slightly better performances, with amplitudes higher than 200mV, which is the maximum value recorded with PDMS insulated electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Algoritmi Research Center, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal. mfernandes@dei.uminho.pt
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mendes
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry*; D056969:Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D009757:Nylons; C085707:poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyamide copolymer