title: Cephalic positioning of the lateral crura: implications for nasal tip-plasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To apply a mathematical model to determine the relative effectiveness of various tip-plasty maneuvers while the lateral crura are in cephalic position compared with orthotopic position.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts) computer program, called the Tip-Plasty Simulator, was developed to model the medial and lateral crura of the tripod concept in order to estimate the change in projection, rotation, and nasal length yielded by changes in crural length. The following rhinoplasty techniques were modeled in the software program: columellar strut graft/tongue-in-groove, lateral crural steal, lateral crural overlay, medial/intermediate crural overlay, hinge release with alar strut graft, and lateral crural repositioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the Tip-Plasty Simulator, the directionality of the change in projection, rotation, and nasal length produced by the various tip-plasty maneuvers, as shown by our mathematical model, is largely the same as that expected and observed clinically. Notably, cephalically positioned lateral crura affected the results of the rhinoplasty maneuvers studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By demonstrating a difference in the magnitude of change resulting from various rhinoplasty maneuvers, the results of this study enhance the ability of the rhinoplasty surgeon to predict the effects of various tip-plasty maneuvers, given the variable range in alar cartilage orientation that he or she is likely to encounter.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sepehr
authors.forename: Ashlin J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Harley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*