title: Smoking-cessation strategies for American Indians: should smoking-cessation treatment include a prescription for a complete home smoking ban?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of cigarette smoking is particularly high among American Indian communities in the Upper Midwest.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the predictors of smoking cessation among a population-based sample of American Indians in the Upper Midwest during a quit attempt aided with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used the subsample of American Indian adults (n = 291, response rate = 55.4%) from a cohort study of smokers engaging in an aided NRT quit attempt. Eligible participants filled an NRT prescription between July 2005 and September 2006 through the Minnesota Health Care Programs (e.g., Medicaid). Administrative records and follow-up survey data were used to assess outcomes approximately 8 months after the NRT fill date. This analysis was conducted in 2009-2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 33% of American Indian respondents trying to quit smoking reported complete home smoking bans. Adoption of a complete home smoking ban and greater perceived advantages of NRT were cross-sectionally associated with 7-day smoking abstinence in univariate and multivariate analyses. Consistent with previous research, older age was a significant predictor of 7-day abstinence. Having a history of clinician-diagnosed anxiety in the past year was associated with decreased likelihood of 7-day abstinence in the unadjusted analysis, but not significant in multivariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest potential modifiable targets of interventions for future research to help American Indians quit smoking: (1) improved delivery of behavioral interventions to increase the intensity of smoking cessation treatment; (2) promotion and adoption of complete home smoking bans; and (3) education to increase awareness of the benefits of NRT.
authors.affiliation: VA Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. steven.fu@va.gov
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ryn
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widome
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ricards
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noorbaloochi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clothier
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine