title: Transvenous coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus in small (≤3.0 kg) dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical and interventional therapy for occlusion of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in small dogs is challenging. Interventional closure of a PDA is rarely described in small dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Transvenous single-coil occlusion of a PDA in small (≤3.0 kg) dogs is possible and safe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one client-owned dogs with a left-to-right shunting PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study. Inclusion criteria were a left-to-right shunting PDA and a body weight ≤3.0 kg. Dogs with additional congenital cardiac diseases were excluded. Without arterial access, a single detachable coil was implanted by a transvenous approach with a 4 Fr catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one dogs were the study population with Chihuahua and Yorkshire Terrier being the commonest breeds (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). There were 14 female and 7 male dogs. The age range was 1.9-83.5 months (median, 7.7 months), and the body weight was 1.0-2.9 kg (1.87 ± 0.45). By angiography, the minimal ductal diameter measured 1.2-2.4 mm (median, 1.8 mm) and the PDA ampulla diameter was 2.4-5.9 mm (median, 4.6 mm). Coil implantation was successful in all dogs. After detachment of the coil from the delivery cable, repositioning of the pulmonary loop of the coil became necessary in 1 dog. The prevalence of immediate closure was 76%. The prevalence of cumulative closure was 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For an experienced cardiologist, transvenous occlusion of a PDA in small dogs is possible with a 4 Fr catheter and a commercial single detachable coil. Arterial access is not essential. The procedure is safe and successful in experienced hands.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic Internal Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hassdenteufel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies