title: Newcastle disease virus in Madagascar: identification of an original genotype possibly deriving from a died out ancestor of genotype IV.
abstract: In Madagascar, Newcastle disease (ND) has become enzootic after the first documented epizootics in 1946, with recurrent annual outbreaks causing mortality up to 40%. Four ND viruses recently isolated in Madagascar were genotypically and pathotypically characterised. By phylogenetic inference based on the F and HN genes, and also full-genome sequence analyses, the NDV Malagasy isolates form a cluster distant enough to constitute a new genotype hereby proposed as genotype XI. This new genotype is presumably deriving from an ancestor close to genotype IV introduced in the island probably more than 50 years ago. Our data show also that all the previously described neutralising epitopes are conserved between Malagasy and vaccine strains. However, the potential implication in vaccination failures of specific amino acid substitutions predominantly found on surface-exposed epitopes of F and HN proteins is discussed.
authors.affiliation: FOFIFA-DRZV, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
authors.forename: Olivier F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Maminiaina
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albina
authors.forename: Djénéba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keita
authors.forename: Harentsoaniaina Rasamoelina
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andriamanivo
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lancelot
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rakotondravao
authors.forename: Jean-Joseph
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rajaonarison
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koko
authors.forename: Abel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Andriantsimahavandy
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jestin
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Servan de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002642:Chick Embryo; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D008270:Madagascar; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins