title: Bio-incompatibility and Th2 polarization during regular dialysis treatment.
abstract: Long-term hemodialysis treatment results in chronic monocyte activation with cytokine release. It generates Treg induction with potential immune dysfunction and associated clinical complications. Recent immunological data and preliminary clinical evidence suggest that synthetic polymers and vitamin E coated membranes are associated with a significant improvement in hemodialysis tolerance when compared to cellulose membranes. The aim of this review is to update cytokine release, T-cell polarization, and its clinical impact in patients under extracorporeal hemodialysis comparing traditional cellulose to synthetic/vitamin E coated membranes.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Libetta
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sepe
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Canton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D056747:Immunomodulation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D014810:Vitamin E