title: Ganglia of the tarsal sinus: MR imaging features and clinical findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze MR imaging and clinical findings associated with ganglia of the tarsal sinus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a record search, ganglia of the tarsal sinus were retrospectively identified in 26 patients (mean age 48±16 years), who underwent MR imaging for chronic ankle pain. Images were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus for size and location of ganglia, lesions of ligaments of the ankle and the tarsal sinus, tendon abnormalities, osteoarthritis, osseous erosions and bone marrow abnormalities. Medical records were reviewed for patient history and clinical findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ganglia were associated with the interosseus ligament in 81%, the cervical ligament in 31% and the retinacula in 46% of cases. Signal alterations suggesting degeneration were found in 85%, 50% and 63% in case of the interosseus ligament, the cervical ligament and the retinacula, respectively. Scarring of the anterior talofibular ligament and the fibulocalcaneal ligament was found in 68% and 72% of the patients, respectively, while only 27% of the patients recalled ankle sprains. Ganglia at the retinacula were highly associated with synovitis and tendinosis of the posterior tibial tendon (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All patients with ganglia in the tarsal sinus presented with another pathology at the ankle, suggesting that degeneration of the tarsal sinus may be a secondary phenomenon, due to pathologic biomechanics at another site of the hind foot. Thus, in patients with degenerative changes of the tarsal sinus, one should be alerted and search for underlying pathology, which may be injury of the lateral collateral ligaments in up to 70%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. jsb@tum.de
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sauerschnig
authors.forename: Andreas B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Imhoff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rechl
authors.forename: Ernst J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rummeny
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woertler
mesh_terms: D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013585:Synovitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*