title: CTLA-4, position 49 A/G polymorphism associated with coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and primarily affects children less than 5 years of age. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has been suggested as a candidate gene for conferring susceptibility to autoimmunity. This study examined the correlation of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in KD with and without coronary artery lesions (CAL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 233 KD patients and 644 controls were subjected to determination of CTLA-4 polymorphisms at (-318) C/T and (+49) A/G positions by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Susceptibility, CAL, and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response of KD were then analyzed with genetic variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polymorphisms of CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) and (-318 C/T) were not significantly different between normal children and patients with KD. The CTLA-4 (+49) A allele (AA+AG genotype), however, was significantly associated with CAL formation, especially in female patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first evidence supporting the association of CTLA-4 (+49) A/G polymorphism with the CAL formation of KD particularly in female patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ho-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chi-Di
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hong-Ren
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chih-Lu
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: I-Chun
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chieh-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jen-Chieh
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chiu-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wei-Chiao
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuender D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human