title: Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on a total antioxidative status and activities of antioxidative enzymes in blood of depressive multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS patients depression is often observed. Cryotherapy might have an effect on OS. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of whole body cryotherapy (WBCT) on changes in total antioxidative status (TAS) of plasma and activities of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes from depressive and non depressive MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two MS patients with secondary progressive disease course (12 depressive and 10 non depressive) were treated with 10 exposures in a cryochamber. Before and after WBCT the plasma TAS and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the erythrocytes were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of TAS in depressive MS group was significantly lower than in non depressive MS (P < 0.0003). WBCT increased the level of TAS in depressive (P < 0.002) more than in non depressive MS patients (P < 0.01). WBCT treatment of MS patients resulted in the significant increase of TAS level in plasma but had no effects on activities of SOD and CAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that WBCT suppresses OS in MS patients, especially in depressive patients.
authors.affiliation: Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital Lodz, Lodz, Poland. betty.miller@interia.pl
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrowicka
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malinowska
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mrowicki
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saluk-Juszczak
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kędziora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D017679:Cryotherapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase