title: Strategies for electrochemical detection in immunochemistry.
abstract: In this review, the current status of research in electrochemical immunosensors is considered. We primarily focus on label-free and enzyme-labeled immunosensors, and the analytical capabilities of these devices are discussed. Moreover, the use of magnetic beads as new materials for immunosensors coupled with electrochemical sensing is also described, together with the application of new molecules such as aptamers as specific biorecognition elements. Examples of the applicability of these devices in solving various analytical problems in clinical, environmental and food fields are reported. Finally, the prospects for the further development of immunosensor technologies are shown.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Polo Scientifico, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Centi
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laschi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascini
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004463:Ecology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007120:Immunochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*