title: Initiating undergraduate medical students into communities of research practise: what do supervisors recommend?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much has been written in the educational literature on the value of communities of practise in enhancing student learning. Here, we take the experience of senior undergraduate medical students involved in short-term research as a member of a team as a paradigm for learning in a community of practise. Based on feedback from experienced supervisors, we offer recommendations for initiating students into the research culture of their team. In so doing, we endeavour to create a bridge between theory and practise through disseminating advice on good supervisory practise, where the supervisor is perceived as an educator responsible for designing the research process to optimize student learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the questionnaire design tool SurveyMonkey and comprehensive lists of contact details of staff who had supervised research projects at the University of Edinburgh during 1995-2008, current and previous supervisors were invited to recommend procedures which they had found successful in initiating students into the research culture of a team. Text responses were then coded in the form of derivative recommendations and categorized under general themes and sub-themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the chi-square tests of linear trend and association, evidence was found for a positive trend towards more experienced supervisors offering responses (χ2 = 16.833, p < 0.0005, n = 215) while there was a lack of evidence of bias in the gender distribution of respondents (χ2 = 0.482, p = 0.487, n = 203), respectively. A total of 126 codes were extracted from the text responses of 65 respondents. These codes were simplified to form a complete list of 52 recommendations, which were in turn categorized under seven derivative overarching themes, the most highly represented themes being Connecting the student with others and Cultivating self-efficacy in research competence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through the design of a coding frame for supervisor responses, a wealth of ideas has been captured to make communities of research practise effective mediums for undergraduate student learning. The majority of these recommendations are underpinned by educational theory and have the potential to take the learner beyond the stage of initiation to that of integration within their community of research practise.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences Section, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK. Margaret.MacDougall@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacDougall
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000193:education*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008611:Mentors; D012606:Scotland; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires