title: Effects of a cardiovascular risk reduction intervention with psychobehavioral strategies for Korean adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome are associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression. Although lifestyle modifications including regular exercise and weight control are recommended as a primary approach to glycemic control and CVD risk reduction for people with DM and/or metabolic syndrome, little is known concerning the effects of CVD risk reduction interventions using psychobehavioral strategies in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study investigated the effects of a 16-week CVD risk reduction intervention in Korean adults with type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, pretest and posttest, controlled, quasi-experimental design enrolled a convenience sample of 43 Korean adults with type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome at a university hospital. The adults in the intervention group participated in a 16-week CVD risk reduction intervention consisting of 150 minutes of regular exercise per week; 200- to 300-kcal reduced daily diet for weight control; one-on-one psychobehavioral counseling based on constructs from the Transtheoretical Model such as processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance; and telephone coaching for behavioral modification. Participants in the control group received a booklet with basic diabetic education as part of their routine care. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for analyzing the effects of the CVD risk reduction intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors including the UK Prospective Diabetes Study score for 10-year CVD risk, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group showed significant reductions (P < .05) at 16 weeks, compared with the control group on the UK Prospective Diabetes Study fatal risk scale (-1.73% vs -0.04%), triglycerides (-38.5 vs -15.1 mg/dL), fasting plasma glucose (-29.24 vs +1.77 mg/dL), HbA1c (-0.37% vs +0.17%), and depression (score, -3.24 vs 1.40) measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study yielded evidence for the beneficial impact of the CVD risk reduction intervention for Korean adults with type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome on improved glycemic control, reduced CVD risk, and depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Health Nursing, Ajou University College of Nursing, Suwon, South Korea. ckimha@ajou.ac.kr
authors.forename: Chun-Ja
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Jung
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior