title: Silica dust, diesel exhaust, and painting work are the significant occupational risk factors for lung cancer in nonsmoking Chinese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few epidemiological studies have explored the associations between occupational exposures and lung cancer in lifelong nonsmoking men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained lifetime occupational history and other relevant information for 132 newly diagnosed lung cancer cases among nonsmoking Chinese men and 536 nonsmoking community referents. Unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer for specific occupational exposures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased lung cancer risk was found for nonsmoking workers occupationally exposed to silica dust (OR=2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 6.01), diesel exhaust (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.08, 11.14), spray painting (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 1.14, 6.93), and nonspray painting work (OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.04, 5.37). Silica dust exposure was associated with a significantly increased risk of adenocarcinoma (OR=2.91, 95% CI: 1.10, 7.68). We observed a positive gradient of all lung cancers and of adenocarcinoma with duration of employment for workers exposed to silica dust and spray painting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found an increased risk of lung cancer among nonsmoking Chinese men occupationally exposed to silica dust, diesel exhaust, and painting work.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., HKSAR, China.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: It-S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J S K
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: X-R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004391:Dust; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010150:Paint / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D012822:Silicon Dioxide