title: Effect of a low glycaemic index diet on blood glucose in women with gestational hyperglycaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility and effect on glycaemic control of a low-glycaemic-index (GI) diet in women with gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  participants, recruited from the Diabetes-in-Pregnancy Clinic of an inner-city teaching hospital serving a predominantly non-Caucasian population, were randomized to a low-GI (n=23) or control (n=24) diet and followed from 28 weeks gestation until delivery. Self-monitored-blood-glucose (SMBG), maternal and infant weight were collected from medical charts. Dietary intakes were assessed using diet records and questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  diet GI on control (58, 95% CI: 56,60) was significantly higher than on low-GI (49, 95% CI: 47,51; p=0.001). Glycaemic control improved on both diets, but more postprandial glucose values were within target on low-GI (58.4% of n=1891) than control (48.7% of n=1834; p<0.001). SMBG post-breakfast was directly related to pre-pregnancy BMI in the control, but not the low-GI group (BMI*diet interaction; p=0.021). Participants accepted the study foods and were willing to consume them post-intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  a low-GI diet was feasible and acceptable in this sample and facilitated control of postprandial glucose. A larger study is needed to determine the effect of a low-GI diet on maternal and infant outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada. shannan.grant@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Shannan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Thomas M S
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wolever
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nisenbaum
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Josse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D001835:Body Weight; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004032:Diet; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human