title: A standardized grading system for scleritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the performance of a standardized grading system for scleritis using standard digital photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional interobserver agreement study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photo archives from the National Eye Institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three uveitis specialists from 3 different centers graded 79 randomly arranged images of the sclera with various degrees of inflammation. Grading was done using standard screen resolution (1024×768 pixels) on a 0 to 4+ scale in 2 sessions: (1) without using reference photographs and (2) with reference to a set of standard photographs (proposed grading system). The graders were masked to the order of images, and the order of images was randomized. Interobserver agreement in grading the severity of inflammation with and without the use of grading system was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interobserver agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed grading system for assessing activity in scleritis demonstrated a good interobserver agreement. Interobserver agreement (pooled κ) was poor (0.289) without photographic guidance and improved substantially when the "grading system" with standardized photographs was used (κ = 0.603).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This system of standardized images for scleritis grading provides significantly more consistent grading of scleral inflammation in this study and has clear applications in clinical settings and clinical research.
authors.affiliation: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. senh@nei.nih.gov
authors.forename: H Nida
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Amit A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sangave
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Suhler
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography / Q000592:standards*; D015423:Scleritis / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index