title: Clinical study of neurorehabilitation in stroke using EEG-based motor imagery brain-computer interface with robotic feedback.
abstract: This clinical study investigates the ability of hemiparetic stroke patients in operating EEG-based motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI). It also assesses the efficacy in motor improvements on the stroke-affected upper limb using EEG-based MI-BCI with robotic feedback neurorehabilitation compared to robotic rehabilitation that delivers movement therapy. 54 hemiparetic stroke patients with mean age of 51.8 and baseline Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) 14.9 (out of 66, higher = better) were recruited. Results showed that 48 subjects (89%) operated EEG-based MI-BCI better than at chance level, and their ability to operate EEG-based MI-BCI is not correlated to their baseline FMA (r=0.358). Those subjects who gave consent are randomly assigned to each group (N=11 and 14) for 12 1-hour rehabilitation sessions for 4 weeks. Significant gains in FMA scores were observed in both groups at post-rehabilitation (4.5, 6.2; p=0.032, 0.003) and 2-month post-rehabilitation (5.3, 7.3; p=0.020, 0.013), but no significant differences were observed between groups (p=0.512, 0.550). Hence, this study showed evidences that a majority of hemiparetic stroke patients can operate EEG-based MI-BCI, and that EEG-based MI-BCI with robotic feedback neurorehabilitation is effective in restoring upper extremities motor function in stroke.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613. kkang@i2r.a-star.edu.sg
authors.forename: Kai Keng
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Cuntai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Karen Sui Geok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Beng Ti
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuah
authors.forename: Chuanchu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kok Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Phua
authors.forename: Zheng Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002138:Calibration; D003710:Demography; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult