title: [Surgical complications after pancreatoduodenectomy: risk factors and treatments].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the impact factors and treatment of post pancreatoduodenectomy complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 412 cases between January 1995 and April 2010 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were analyzed retrospectively. There were 232 male, 180 female. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the risk factors related to occurrence of postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 37.1% (153/412), and mortality rate was 4.6% (19/412). Total uncinate process resection, type of pancreatic-enteric anastomosis, duct diameter and pancreatic texture had effects on postoperative pancreatic fistula statistically. Total uncinate process resection, the amount of intra-operative blood loss ≥ 600 ml and pancreatic fistula were identified as significant risk factors for post pancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage by means of univariate analysis. Delayed gastric empting occurrence in the patients with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was higher than those with standard pancreaticoduodenectomy significantly. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that duct diameter and pancreatic texture were the independent risk factors of pancreatic fistula. Total uncinate process resection, the amount of intra-operative blood loss ≥ 600 ml and pancreatic fistula were independent risk factors of bleeding. There were no statistically significant differences between the radical group and the standard group when postoperative complication rates were analyzed (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreaticojejunal anastomoses by means of duct-to-mucosa is fit for the patients with dilated pancreatic duct and end-to-end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy is fit for the patients with undilated pancreatic duct. The prevention of postoperative bleeding depends on total uncinate process resection and meticulous hemostatic technique during operation. The pancreatic fistula is one of the most important factors which can result in postoperative bleeding. Pancreaticoduodenectomy combines with SMV/PV resection and extended lymphadenectomy do not significantly increase the morbidity rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhan-bing
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yin-mo
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Hong-qiao
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xue-hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yuan-lian
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors