title: Sox2 uses multiple domains to associate with proteins present in Sox2-protein complexes.
abstract: Master regulators, such as Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog, control complex gene networks necessary for the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESC). These master regulators associate with co-activators and co-repressors to precisely control their gene targets. Recent studies using proteomic analysis have identified a large, diverse group of co-activators and co-repressors that associate with master regulators, including Sox2. In this report, we examined the size distribution of nuclear protein complexes containing Sox2 and its associated proteins HDAC1, Sall4 and Lin28. Interestingly, we determined that Sox2 and HDAC1 associate with protein complexes that vary greatly in size; whereas, Lin28 primarily associates with smaller complexes, and Sall4 primarily associates with larger complexes. Additionally, we examined the domains of Sox2 necessary to mediate its association with its partner proteins Sall4, HDAC1 and HDAC2. We determined that Sox2 uses multiple and distinct domains to associate with its partner proteins. We also examined the domains of Sox2 necessary to mediate its self-association, and we determined that Sox2 self-association is mediated through multiple domains. Collectively, these studies provide novel insights into how Sox2 is able to associate with a wide array of nuclear proteins that control gene transcription.
authors.affiliation: Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jesse L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mallanna
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000715187:Lin28A protein, human; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C472575:SALL4 protein, human; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C527783:Sox2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2