title: Genome-wide promoter analysis of histone modifications in human monocyte-derived antigen presenting cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are important in inflammatory processes and are often used for immunotherapeutic approaches. Blood monocytes can be differentiated into macrophages and DCs, which is accompanied with transcriptional changes in many genes, including chemokines and cell surface markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To study the chromatin modifications associated with this differentiation, we performed a genome wide analysis of histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and 27 (H3K27me3) as well as acetylation of H3 lysines (AcH3) in promoter regions. We report that both H3K4me3 and AcH3 marks significantly correlate with transcriptionally active genes whereas H3K27me3 mark is associated with inactive gene promoters. During differentiation, the H3K4me3 levels decreased on monocyte-specific CD14, CCR2 and CX3CR1 but increased on DC-specific TM7SF4/DC-STAMP, TREM2 and CD209/DC-SIGN genes. Genes associated with phagocytosis and antigen presentation were marked by H3K4me3 modifications. We also report that H3K4me3 levels on clustered chemokine and surface marker genes often correlate with transcriptional activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide a basis for further functional correlations between gene expression and histone modifications in monocyte-derived macrophages and DCs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Liina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tserel
authors.forename: Raivo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolde
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rebane
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kisand
authors.forename: Tõnis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Org
authors.forename: Hedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Jaak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilo
authors.forename: Pärt
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000235:genetics; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D016207:Cytokines; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008239:Lysine