title: Implementation of a telepharmacy service to provide round-the-clock medication order review by pharmacists.
abstract: Purpose The implementation of a telepharmacy service to provide round-the-clock medication order review by pharmacists is described. Summary Seven critical access hospitals (CAHs) worked collaboratively as part of a network of hospitals implementing the same electronic health record (EHR), computerized prescriber-order-entry (CPOE) system, and pharmacy information system to serve as the health information technology (HIT) backbone supporting round-the-clock medication order review by pharmacists. Collaboration permitted standardization of workflow policies and procedures. Through the HIT backbone, both onsite and remote pharmacists were given access to the medication orders, the pharmacy information system, and other patient-specific clinical data in patients' EHRs. Orders are typically reviewed within 60 minutes of when they are entered into the system. The reviewing pharmacists have remote access to the EHRs in each CAH. After completing the clinical review, the pharmacist selects the appropriate medication to dispense from the CAH's formulary. If the medication order is not made using the CPOE system, the order is scanned into a document and sent via e-mail to remote pharmacists. The pharmacist enters the necessary information into the EHR and pharmacy information system. The medication order review process from this point forward is identical to that used for medications ordered via CPOE. The new medication order is then entered into the EHR, and the CAH nurse can proceed with the order. Conclusion The implementation of a telepharmacy model in a multihospital health system increased access to pharmacy services, allowing for round-the-clock medication order review by pharmacists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri Informatics Institute, and Center for Health Care Quality, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. wakefielddo@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Marcia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Loes
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Leevon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sperry
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000458:organization & administration; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013997:Time Factors; D057188:Workflow