title: Short-term therapy with celecoxib and lansoprazole modulates Th1/ Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors may exert immune-mediated effects in human gastric mucosa. T-cell immune response plays a role in Helicobacter pylori-induced pathogenesis. This study evaluated effects of celecoxib and lansoprazole on T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dyspeptic patients with or without osteoarticular pain were given one of the following 4-week therapies: celecoxib 200 mg, celecoxib 200 mg plus lansoprazole 30 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg daily. Expression of COX-2, T-bet, and pSTAT6 and production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-4 were determined in gastric biopsies before and after therapy. Histology was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE₂ production was higher, and Th1 signaling pathway was predominant in H. pylori-infected vs. uninfected patients. T-bet expression and IFN-γ production increased, while STAT6 activation and IL-4 production decreased following therapy with celecoxib and celecoxib plus lansoprazole, respectively. Th1 and Th2 signaling pathways down-regulated after therapy with lansoprazole, and this was associated with an improvement of gastritis. Effect of therapy was not affected by H. pylori status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celecoxib and lansoprazole modulate Th1/Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa. The use of these drugs may interfere with long-term course of gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larussa
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suraci
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Immacolata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nazionale
authors.forename: Ludovico
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abenavoli
authors.forename: Olimpio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amorosi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imeneo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luzza
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D013449:Sulfonamides; D064747:Lansoprazole; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D000068579:Celecoxib