title: Clinical value of intra-operative transit-time flow measurement for coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective angiography-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transit-time flow measurement (TTFM) is the most widely used method for intra-operative graft quality control in coronary artery bypass surgery. Although it may provide the opportunity for the surgeon to promptly revise the graft before the patient is discharged from the operating room, controlled clinical data on the ultimate usefulness of the TTFM are scarce. Clear cut-off values for when to revise grafts have not been set.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 204 consecutive grafts (left internal mammary artery (n=46), vein graft (n=155), and radial artery (n=3)) underwent TTFM in 75 elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. The following parameters were recorded: mean graft flow (MGF), pulsatility index (PI), and insufficiency ratio (IR). After a mean follow-up of 199 ± 42 days, coronary angiography was performed for assessment of graft patency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 166 grafts were found to be patent (85%), and 29 (15%) were completely occluded. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of MGF for the occluded grafts at the time of surgery was 38 ml min(-1) (IQR, 2549 ml min(-1)) and for the patent grafts 45 ml min(-1) (IQR, 31-71 ml min(-1); p=ns]. The corresponding PI values were 3.3 (IQR, 2.8-5.0) and 2.2 (IQR, 1.7-3.2; p=0.003), and the IR values were 1.6 (IQR, 0.6-6.1) and 0.2 (IQR, 0-2.2; p=0.03). By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the highest sensitivity (72%) and specificity (70%) were associated with a PI value>3.0. However, 49 out of 70 such grafts (70%) were found to be patent. Furthermore, 10 out of 16 (63%) grafts, that had a combination of low flow (MGF<15 ml min(-1)) and high PI (>3.0), were patent at control angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTFM predicts graft failure within the 6 months after CABG. However, specific cut-off recommendations for when to revise a graft cannot be set on the basis of TTFM. The cut-off values suggested in the literature lead to unnecessary graft revisions in the majority of cases, and, on the other hand, many technical defects probably remain unnoticed. Better methods to assess the quality of coronary artery bypass grafts are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: Kalervo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Werkkala
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vainikka
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peräkylä
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpanen
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ihlberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology