title: A quantitative comparison of 5-aminolaevulinic acid- and methyl aminolevulinate-induced fluorescence, photobleaching and pain during photodynamic therapy.
abstract: The characteristics of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) and carcinoma in situ (Bowen's Disease, BD) following application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its methyl ester (methyl aminolevulinate [MAL]) before, during and after photodynamic therapy (PDT) were investigated in 40 patients. Photosensitizer prodrug penetration can limit PDT efficacy and understanding the characteristics of PPIX fluorescence through fluorescence spectroscopy, may improve knowledge of photosensitizer delivery. Fluorescence intensity was assessed quantitatively, and the rate of photobleaching was determined by fitting an exponential decay. As a secondary end-point, PDT-induced pain was also measured continuously during treatment using a novel hand-held device, known as a pain logger. In vivo PPIX fluorescence was shown to decrease during irradiation, allowing the in vivo photobleaching of PPIX to be monitored. No significant difference was found between ALA- or MAL-induced PPIX fluorescence in lesions of sBCC and BD (P>0.05), indicating no detectable difference in PPIX kinetics for the two prodrugs as assessed by these measures. Pain, as assessed by the logger device, showed high interindividual variability and pain levels tended to be higher initially, decreasing during treatment. No difference was seen in pain experienced during ALA-or MAL-PDT (P>0.05).
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK. rmv3@st-andrews.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ronan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Sally H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ibbotson
authors.forename: C Tom A
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moseley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001913:Bowen's Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C475457:methyl 5-aminolevulinate; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid