title: Vitamin D receptor genotypes, ultraviolet radiation exposure, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure may influence risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) through vitamin D, with antineoplastic effects mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). To explore the role of vitamin D in NHL risk and the potential interaction with UVR, the authors genotyped 10 VDR polymorphisms in 2,448 NHL patients and 1,981 controls from Denmark and Sweden who were recruited in 1999-2002. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed with logistic regression. P values were 2-sided. Most VDR variants (e.g., rs731236/TaqI, rs15444410/BsmI) were not associated with overall risk of NHL, but there was some evidence of a positive association between rs4760655 and follicular lymphoma risk (nominal P(trend) = 0.004, corrected P(trend) = 0.24). There was no support for an effect of interaction between VDR variants and UVR exposure on risk of overall NHL or B-cell lymphoma subtypes. However, there was some evidence that rs731236 altered associations between UVR and T-cell NHL risk; while increasing UVR frequency lowered T-cell NHL risk among rs731236 TT carriers, an elevated risk was observed among rs731236 CC carriers (nominal P(interaction) ≤ 0.008, corrected P(interaction) ≥ 0.12). VDR does not appear to harbor major determinants of NHL risk, except perhaps for follicular lymphoma. Possible heterogeneity in effects of UVR exposure on T-cell lymphoma risk by VDR rs731236 genotype merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stock-holm, Sweden. karin.ekstrom.smedby@ki.se
authors.forename: Karin Ekström
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Smedby
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eloranta
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duvefelt
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melbye
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hjalgrim
authors.forename: Ellen T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D004247:DNA