title: Short-term environmental enrichment enhances adult neurogenesis, vascular network and dendritic complexity in the hippocampus of type 1 diabetic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several brain disturbances have been described in association to type 1 diabetes in humans. In animal models, hippocampal pathological changes were reported together with cognitive deficits. The exposure to a variety of environmental stimuli during a certain period of time is able to prevent brain alterations and to improve learning and memory in conditions like stress, aging and neurodegenerative processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We explored the modulation of hippocampal alterations in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice by environmental enrichment. In diabetic mice housed in standard conditions we found a reduction of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, decreased dendritic complexity in CA1 neurons and a smaller vascular fractional area in the dentate gyrus, compared with control animals in the same housing condition. A short exposure -10 days- to an enriched environment was able to enhance proliferation, survival and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, to recover dendritic tree length and spine density of pyramidal CA1 neurons and to increase the vascular network of the dentate gyrus in diabetic animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The environmental complexity seems to constitute a strong stimulator competent to rescue the diabetic brain from neurodegenerative progression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beauquis
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.forename: Alejandro F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saravia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000503:physiopathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000502:physiology*; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors