title: The role of nitric oxide during healing of trauma to the skeletal muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of NO in muscle injury is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the involvement of the NO system in the development of muscle damage in an experimental model of crush injury. The animals were divided into four groups: (1) control (CO), (2) sham trauma, (3) trauma, (4) trauma + L -NAME, in two experimental phases, 24 h and 7 days after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four hours post-trauma, the crushed muscle was characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction. These changes were accompanied by increased oxidative damage, increased cytokine mRNA transcription, NF-κB binding ability and TGF-β growth factor expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. Treatment with L: -NAME markedly decreased these histological and molecular abnormalities at 24 h. However, at 7 days post-trauma, increased collagen formation was observed in the L: -NAME group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that NO is involved in the balance between fibrosis and healing with regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Reumatologia, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Autoimmune and Infectious Disease, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 6º andar/sala645, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidiane Isabel
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Filippin
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Norma Possa
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Marroni
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gallego
authors.forename: Ricardo Machado
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Xavier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II