title: Role of home blood pressure telemonitoring in hypertension management: an update.
abstract: Despite the increasing use of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in daily practice and the growing awareness in the scientific community about its positive impact on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with high blood pressure (BP), the potential advantages offered by HBPM have not yet been fully exploited. Indeed, use of the information offered by HBPM is often incomplete and imprecise, with the BP values reported by patients in handwritten logbooks being frequently inaccurate, illegible to physicians, or unreliable. Although a practical solution for improvement may come from the use of devices equipped with a storage memory, a step forward in this regard has been taken more recently with the introduction and refinement of systems for the remote telemonitoring of BP values measured at home. However, although several studies have provided evidence on the clinical usefulness of HBPM, only limited data are available on the clinical impact of home blood pressure (HBP) telemonitoring, because of a number of reasons. First, most of the available studies are characterized by a small sample size, and in some cases, the patients were neither randomized nor even matched with a control group. Moreover, technological solutions used in the different studies carried out so far are often heterogeneous, some of them being particularly difficult to use for the patients, thus limiting the effectiveness of the results. BP monitoring programmes, number of BP readings and transmission schedules are often different among the various studies. In addition, patient selection criteria are different from study to study. Finally, different study objectives and important diversities in the types of centres involved (ranging from general practices, to specialists' offices, hospitals or university centres) may have also influenced the quality of results. Large-scale randomized controlled studies, based on easy-to-use technologies, are thus still needed to show the superiority and clinical usefulness of HBP telemonitoring as compared with conventional HBPM. This study summarizes the evidence available on the clinical usefulness and current limitations of this approach, highlighting the results of meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials on this issue. The role of HBP teletransmission in the context of integrated patients' management programmes is also addressed, with indications for further progress in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. gianfranco.parati@unimib.it
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parati
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omboni
mesh_terms: D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D010346:Patient Care Management; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*