title: The rational choice model in family decision making at the end of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most end-of-life decisions are made by family members. Current ethical guidelines for family decision making are based on a hierarchical model that emphasizes the patient's wishes over his or her best interests. Evidence suggests that the model poorly reflects the strategies and priorities of many families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers observed and recorded 26 decision-making meetings between hospital staff and family members. Semi-structured follow-up interviews were conducted. Transcriptions were analyzed using qualitative techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both staff and families, consideration of a patient's best interests generally took priority over the patient's wishes. Staff generally introduced discussion of the patient's wishes for rhetorical purposes, such as persuasion. Competing moral frameworks, which de-emphasized the salience of patients' autonomy and "right to choose," played a role in family decision making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The priority given to the patients' wishes in the hierarchical model does not reflect the priorities of staff and families in making decisions about end-of-life care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. akkarasz@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karasz
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sacajiu
authors.forename: Misha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D016223:Advance Directives; D000368:Aged; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000941:ethics; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000941:ethics*