title: [Calciphylaxis and penile necrosis: a case report and review of the literature ].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calciphylaxis is a rare clinic condition characterised by skin necrosis due to medial and intimal calcification of small and medium arteries. It's observed in patients affected by end stage renal disease associated to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Penile involvement has been documented in very few cases. We present both a case of penile calciphylaxis and a review of literature, in order to increase comprehension of pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of this rare disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of literature was performed after treating a case of penile calciphylaxis. We describe patient characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory and histo-pathologic findings, therapeutic strategy and outcomes of the case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 65 year-old man, affected by diabetes, chronic ischemic cardiopathy and chronic renal failure in hemodialytic treatment, was referred to our unit for the presence of increased consistency and significative pain of the distal portion of penis evolving in a complete glans necrosis. Blood levels of parathormone (PTH), calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) resulted pathologically elevated, promoting tissutal calcium deposition. The patient was treated with partial penectomy and the histologic findings confirm diagnosis of calciphylaxis, showing an ulcerative necrosis of glans with extensive calcium deposition and luminal narrowing of penile small arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase of number of patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialytic treatment could make penile calciphylaxis more prevalent in the future. Early diagnosis, lowering of pathologic blood levels of Ca and P associated to surgical treatment of necrotic lesions of the patient could be fundamental for a better prognosis of this aggressive disease.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Facchini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzoli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Monica
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002115:Calciphylaxis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000209:etiology; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D009336:Necrosis; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone