title: Active-learning assignments to integrate basic science and clinical course material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop, implement, and evaluate active-learning exercises requiring the integration and application of pathophysiology, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutics knowledge of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis to formulate therapeutic recommendations for patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two team-based case study exercises, one evaluating a patient with osteoarthritis and the second, a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, were developed, incorporating material and questions from pathophysiology, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutics. The learning assignments were implemented in a required pharmacotherapy module.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Student learning was evaluated using performance on the team-based case study exercises and on 2 examinations. A standard student course evaluation was used to assess students' impressions of the learning activity. The mean student grades for the osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis activities were 9.1 and 8.9, respectively, on a 10-point scale. The majority of students indicated that the learning exercises were more than adequate to excellent in helping students learn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of active-learning activities was successful in teaching pharmacy students the knowledge needed to formulate therapeutic recommendations for patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Marshall_L@mercer.edu
authors.forename: Leisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nykamp
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000193:education; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000193:education*; D010601:Pharmacology, Clinical / Q000193:education*; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires