title: Patient variation in veterinary medicine--part II--influence of physiological variables.
abstract: In veterinary medicine, the characterization of a drug's pharmacokinetic properties is generally based upon data that are derived from studies that employ small groups of young healthy animals, often of a single breed. In Part I of the series, we focused on the potential influence of disease processes, stress, pregnancy and lactation on drug pharmacokinetics. In this Part II of the series, we consider other covariates, such as gender, heritable traits, age, body composition, and circadian rhythms. The impact of these factors with respect to predicting the relationship between dose and drug exposure characteristics within an animal population is illustrated through the use of Monte Carlo simulations. Ultimately, an appreciation of these potential influences will improve the prediction of situations when dose adjustments may be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modric
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000662:veterinary; D012737:Sex Factors; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs