title: AIF-mediated mitochondrial pathway is critical for the protective effect of diazoxide against SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis.
abstract: It has been well established that the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) opener, diazoxide, has protective effects on the heart and brain following ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of diazoxide remains unclear. This study highlights the anti-apoptotic effects of the drug, which are mediated by specific regulation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the process of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data showed that pretreatment with diazoxide in SH-SY5Y cells following OGD concentration-dependently increased cell viability. Compared to cells induced by OGD alone, cells pretreated with diazoxide displayed reduced rates of apoptosis, increased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and reduced AIF translocation to the cell nucleus. The protective effects of preconditioning with diazoxide were attenuated by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD), a selective mitoK(ATP) channel antagonist. Meanwhile, cell death was blocked in OGD-induced cells stably transfected with the AIF-shRNA plasmid, and down-regulation of AIF reduced the diazoxide-mediated prevention of cell apoptosis as well as the loss of ΔΨm induced by OGD. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that the AIF-mediated mitochondrial pathway plays a critical role in the protective effect of diazoxide against SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis induced by OGD. Diazoxide treatment might represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China. zhangh.7211@163.com
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhan-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dan-Yang
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dong-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Li-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005947:Glucose; D003981:Diazoxide; D010100:Oxygen