title: HIV drug resistance and mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
abstract: This article covers HIV drug resistance among pregnant women and the implications of transmission of resistant HIV to the infant. Resistance to antiretroviral drugs may be acquired or can emerge while HIV-infected pregnant women are on antiretroviral therapy, either before or during pregnancy. Resistance to antiretroviral drugs among HIV-infected infants may be acquired from the mother in utero or during the intrapartum period. Resistance may also emerge from exposure to antiretroviral drugs given to the infant for prophylaxis against HIV transmission. In settings where breastfeeding is practiced, ongoing transmission of HIV from breastfeeding may lead to transmission of resistant HIV from the mother. If the mother is taking antiretroviral drugs while breastfeeding, resistance to antiretroviral drugs may emerge in an HIV-infected infant from ingestion of antiretroviral drugs via breast milk. The magnitude and implications of antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women and HIV-infected infants are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. pweidle@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weidle
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nesheim
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D019049:Developed Countries; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents