title: The effects of surgical delay on the outcome of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occasionally, the treatment of a pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture is delayed owing to lack of an available treating physician, necessitating transfer of the child, or delay in availability of an operating room. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate whether delayed pinning of these fractures affects the outcome or number of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed information that was prospectively collected on 145 pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures that were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, with a minimum follow-up of 8 weeks. To determine the effect of delayed treatment, we compared a group of fractures that was treated within the first 21 hours after their presentation to our urgent care center (Group A) with a group that was treated after more than 21 hours (Group B). We compared the following variables: need for open reduction, length of surgery, length of hospitalization, the presence of neurologic complications, vascular complications including compartment syndrome, pin tract infection, loss of fixation, final carrying angle, range of motion, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the mean time from presentation to surgery for both groups was 52 hours. This interval was greater for Gartland type II fractures (65 h) than for Gartland type III fractures (19 h) (P=0.00001). There was no need for an open reduction in either group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding iatrogenic nerve injuries, vascular complications, compartment syndromes, surgical time, final carrying angle, range of motion, and outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this prospective study found that a delay in pinning closed supracondylar humeral fractures in children did not lead to a higher incidence of open reduction or a greater number of complications. Although the urgency of treating any child with a supracondylar fracture should be individualized, our study suggests that most of these injuries can be managed safely in a delayed fashion without compromising the clinical outcome. We recommend careful monitoring of any patient with type 3 injury whose treatment is delayed.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: Hillard T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Yi-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Lewis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Zionts
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome