title: Alternative applications of the femtosecond laser in ophthalmology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an update of novel applications for the femtosecond (FS) laser in ophthalmology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perspective, literature review, case report, and commentary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The many advantages of etching flaps with the FS laser for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) have been well established. Alternative applications of the FS have been approved and are now used in clinical practice. In refractive ophthalmology, the FS laser can be used for lenticule extraction to correct myopia and intrastromal biochemical manipulation to correct presbyopia. This laser can be used for preparing host and donor tissue for both full thickness and lamellar keratoplasty. Research is underway, exploring ways to employ the FS laser for different stages of cataract surgery. Cosmetic procedures with FS-assisted tattooing serve to correct leukoria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advancements in technology have allowed measurable improvements in the surgical safety, efficiency, speed, and versatility of FS lasers in ophthalmology.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ginny_kullman@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ginny
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kullman
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pineda
mesh_terms: D016039:Corneal Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000379:methods