title: Extracting footfalls from voxel data.
abstract: In this paper, we present a method for extracting footfall locations from three dimensional voxel data created from a pair of silhouettes. With the growth of the elderly population, there is a need for passive monitoring of physical activity to allow older adults to continue living in independent settings. Prior research using anonymized video data has shown good results in passively acquiring information useful for assessing physical function; and, additionally, research has shown that video data anonymized through the use of silhouettes alleviates privacy concerns of older adults towards the technology. Previous work in acquiring gait information from voxel data has not included a technique for identifying individual footfall locations, from which additional information useful for assessing asymmetric gait patterns and other physical parameters may be obtained. Furthermore, visualization of the footfall locations during a walking sequence may provide additional insight to care providers for assessing physical function. To evaluate our approach, participants were asked to walk across a GAITRite electronic mat, used to validate our results, while also being monitored by our camera system. Results show good agreement between the footfalls extracted by our system and those from the GAITRite.
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. ees6c6@mizzou.edu
authors.forename: Erik E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skubic
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*