title: Immune responses after acute ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently demonstrated an immediate immunodepressive state after acute ischemic stroke in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we prospectively analyzed immune responses in patients with middle cerebral artery stroke (n=20), acute myocardial infarction (n=20) and healthy controls (n=20, also matched for age and gender).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, a rapid depression of monocytic HLA-DR expression and a defective lymphocytic IFN-γ production was obvious after ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction, while total counts of leukocytes and monocytes were significantly higher after myocardial infarction. A T cell-mediated lymphopenia was accentuated in patients with severe stroke, obviously predisposing these patients for nosocomial infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data reveal an immediate and to some extent differential suppression of cell-mediated immune responses after ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany. georg.haeusler@charite.de
authors.forename: Karl Georg
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Haeusler
authors.forename: Wolf U H
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foehring
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunecker
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dirnagl
authors.forename: Hans-Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villringer
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens