title: Contrast-enhanced sonography as a novel tool for assessment of vascular malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular malformations with arteriovenous shunt components can cause significant disability, chronic pain, and functional impairment. Effective treatment may require serial procedures, yet an imaging modality optimized to control cost and reduce radiation exposure in this predominantly pediatric population has not yet been identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the use of contrast-enhanced sonography as a novel tool to define vascular anatomy and localize arteriovenous shunting in a young patient with a symptomatic vascular malformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method may effectively reduce radiation exposure and cost, and additionally provide unique information about arteriovenous shunting, offering a novel imaging application for patients with these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oe
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sherelle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laifer-Narin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koczo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kandel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meyers