title: Percutaneous cholecystostomy as a first-line therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients with acute cholecystitis with midterm follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article was to share midterm results of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) as a first-line therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients with acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen chronic hemodialysis patients with acute cholecystitis underwent PC between March 2007 and May 2009 at our institute. On preoperative assessment, the patients were classified into the ASA score by the anesthesiology team. All patients were class IV because of severe underlying comorbidities. The patients were referred to interventional radiology unit for PC by consensus of the multidisciplinary team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PC was technically successful in all the patients without minor or major complications related to the procedure. Clinical symptoms in three patients who presented with sepsis and multiorgan failure did not resolve after PC, and these patients died following urgent surgery, including open cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. A new cholecystitis attack was detected in one patient in the acalculous group at the sixth month of the follow-up period. The mean catheterization time was 31.7 (range, 28-41) days. The mean follow-up time was 13.3 (range 4-21) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PC may come into consideration as a first-line treatment modality in the management of acute cholecystitis in poor surgical candidate chronic hemodialysis patients. This is the first report focusing on the midterm results of PC as a first-line therapy in hemodialysis patients with acute cholecystitis who could be operated on.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Başkent University Hospital, Altunizade, Üsküdar, İstanbul, Turkey. burcakgumus73@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Burcak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gumus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography