title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization Vibrio cholerae O139 of clinical and aquatic isolates in China.
abstract: To enhance the understanding of epidemiological impact of environmental Vibrio cholerae O139 strains, we characterized 10 clinical and 20 environmental isolates collected from human clinical samples and Pear River estuary during 2006 to 2008. Isolates were tested by PCR for eight virulence genes: cholera toxin (ctxA), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), hemolysin (hlyA), NAG-specific heat-stable toxin (st), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA), outer membrane protein (ompU), and regulatory protein genes (tcpI). Genetic relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion. Seven of eight virulence markers were detected in six clinical isolates and one environmental isolate. One clinical and one environmental isolate were positive for six virulence markers. 60% clinical isolates showed multi-drug resistance to tetracycline (TET), Nalidixic acid (NAL), chloramphenicol (CHL), and ampicillin (AMP), 70% were resistant to Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (SXT), while only 35% environmental strains were resistant to SXT. PFGE analysis revealed that the isolates in this study were formed three clusters. Cluster III was more related to strains from diarrheal patients than the strains in other clusters. Different from the clinical strains, most environmental strains lacked CTX and TCP gene clusters. Most environmental strains possess a single resistance profile, while most clinical isolates show multidrug resistant. PFGE analysis indicated the cluster III has more possibility to become a potential pathogenic clonal cluster.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bai-sheng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Duo-chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Jing-diao
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hao-jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Bi-xia
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Chang-wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002681:China; D002771:Cholera / Q000382:microbiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045483:Rivers; D041242:Vibrio cholerae O139 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors