title: Lack of association between 71 variations located in candidate genes and response to acute haloperidol treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antipsychotic pharmacological treatment effectiveness and side effects are at least partially driven by the genetic personal background.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, 71 genetic variations located in 21 candidate genes were investigated as modulators of the haloperidol efficacy and side effects in a sample of 101 acutely ill psychotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assessed at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) test) and days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (UKU, BAS, and ESRS tests). Haloperidol plasma levels were measured at the same timepoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 71 variations were associated with response to treatment or with incidence of side effects passed a multiple testing threshold. A marginal association was detected between two haplotypes within the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 gene and PANSS positive and dopamine beta-hydroxylase with PANSS negative scores (p = 0.004 and p = 0.008, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, no major association was observed between the investigated variations and the efficacy profile of haloperidol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giegling
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Toliat
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Ronchi
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rujescu
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serretti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol