title: Quantitative and qualitative peritoneal immune profiles, T-cell apoptosis and oxidative stress-associated characteristics in women with minimal and mild endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess immunological variables, T-cell apoptosis and oxidative stress markers in the peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of women with (WEN) and without (WWE) endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational and transverse case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid obtained from 30 WWE and 32 WEN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was drawn before surgery and peritoneal fluid was collected during surgery but before any surgical procedure had been carried out. Flow cytometry, spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and multiplex immunoassay analyses were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES  Peripheral and peritoneal lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3(+), CD4(+) CD3(+), CD8(+) CD3(+), CD16(+) CD56(+), human leucocyte antigen-DR(+) CD3(+) and CD19(+)), intracellular CD4(+) CD3(+) and CD8(+) CD3(+) cytokine synthesis (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and interferon-γ [IFN-γ]), CD3(+) apoptosis, malondialdehyde and ascorbate concentrations and peritoneal cytokine concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in peripheral and peritoneal lymphocyte subsets between the groups. Peritoneal T lymphocytes from WEN produced less IL-2 and IFN-γ than those from WWE. Peritoneal malondialdehyde concentrations were higher and ascorbate concentrations were lower in WEN than in WWE. Higher peritoneal concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-6) and chemokines (IL-10, IL-8, eotaxin, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted) and lower concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-15 were found in WEN. No statistical differences were found in IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IL-13 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alterations observed in WEN were associated with a diminished peritoneal T helper type 1 immune response. Pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, angiogenic and oxidative stress markers were altered in the peritoneal milieu of WEN. These changes appeared to contribute to the peritoneal immune alterations found.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mier-Cabrera
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Zamudio
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Latorre
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cruz-Orozco
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández-Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007118:Immunoassay; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001205:Ascorbic Acid