title: Thermophilic two-stage dry anaerobic digestion of model garbage with ammonia stripping.
abstract: To avoid the inhibition of methane production by ammonia that occurs during the degradation of garbage, anaerobic digestion with prior ammonia production and subsequent stripping was investigated. In the ammonia production phase, the maximum ammonia concentration was approximately 2800 mg N/kg of total wet sludge in the range of 4 days of sludge retention time, indicating that only 43% of total nitrogen in the model garbage was converted to ammonia. The model garbage from which ammonia was produced and stripped was subjected to semi-continuous thermophilic dry anaerobic digestion over 180 days. The gas yield was in the range of 0.68 to 0.75 Nm(3)/kg volatile solid, and it decreased with the decrease of the sludge retention time. The ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the sludge was kept below 3000 mg N/kg total wet sludge. Microbial community structure analysis revealed that the phylum Firmicutes dominated in the ammonia production, but the community structure changed at different sludge retention times. In dry anaerobic digestion, the dominant bacteria shifted from the phylum Thermotogae to Firmicutes. The dominant archaeon was the genus Methanothermobacter, but the ratio of Methanosarcina increased during the process of dry anaerobic digestion.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Research Center, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Hijiyama-Honmachi 12-70, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0816, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yabu
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Naomichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashimada
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005735:Garbage; D054892:Metagenome; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D017020:Methanosarcina / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane