title: Visceral adipose tissue accumulation and cardiovascular disease risk profile in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more at risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) could explain to a large extent alterations in the cardiovascular disease risk profile of postmenopausal women with IGT or T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 33 with IGT and 18 with de novo diagnosed T2D were tested. The sample was further divided into five groups: (i) NGT-low VAT (<130 cm(2) ); (ii) NGT-high VAT (≥130 cm(2)); (iii) IGT-low VAT (<130 cm(2) ); (iv) IGT-high VAT (≥130 cm(2) ) and (v) T2D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with T2D, women with IGT-high VAT and those with NGT-high VAT all had lower insulin sensitivity as determined by the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (M_I), higher triglyceride (TG), lower HDL(2)-cholesterol (chol) levels and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein than women with NGT-low VAT. Only differences in M_I and early insulin response (EIR) were observed between women with IGT-high VAT and those with NGT-high VAT (lower values in IGT-high VAT). Women with T2D had lower M_I and EIR as well as higher plasma TG and lower plasma Apo A1 and HDL-chol concentrations than women with NGT-high VAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that increase in VAT accumulation usually found in women with IGT explains to a large extent the deterioration in their plasma lipid-lipoprotein and inflammatory profile. However, factors other than VAT are involved in explaining the high TG-low HDL dyslipidaemia observed in women with T2D.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada. simone.lemieux@fsaa.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bédard
authors.forename: Marie-Ève
authors.initials: MÈ
authors.lastname: Piché
authors.forename: Stanley John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weisnagel
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corneau
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergeron
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides