title: Determination of alcohol and extract concentration in beer samples using a combined method of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and refractometry.
abstract: A new approach of combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and refractometry was developed in this work to determine the concentration of alcohol and real extract in various beer samples. A partial least-squares (PLS) regression, as multivariate calibration method, was used to evaluate the correlation between the data of spectroscopy/refractometry and alcohol/extract concentration. This multivariate combination of spectroscopy and refractometry enhanced the precision in the determination of alcohol, compared to single spectroscopy measurements, due to the effect of high extract concentration on the spectral data, especially of nonalcoholic beer samples. For NIR calibration, two mathematical pretreatments (first-order derivation and linear baseline correction) were applied to eliminate light scattering effects. A sample grouping of the refractometry data was also applied to increase the accuracy of the determined concentration. The root mean squared errors of validation (RMSEV) of the validation process concerning alcohol and extract concentration were 0.23 Mas% (method A), 0.12 Mas% (method B), and 0.19 Mas% (method C) and 0.11 Mas% (method A), 0.11 Mas% (method B), and 0.11 Mas% (method C), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing in Berlin (VLB Berlin), Seestrasse 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castritius
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kron
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rädle
authors.forename: Diedrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harms
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D012031:Refractometry / Q000379:methods*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol