title: Increase of Mcm3 and Mcm4 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relevance of expression of two proteins essential for DNA replication initiation, Mcm3 and Mcm4, in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  53 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 35 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) grade 2-3, 11 CIN I and 26 normal controls were studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-Mcm3 and anti-Mcm4 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found Mcm3 and Mcm4 protein expression had a tendency to be stronger from control to CSCC. Both Mcm3 and Mcm4 were significantly upregulated in squamous cervical carcinoma compared to the control, CIN grade 1 and grade 2-3 (p < 0.001), and Mcm3 expression was correlated with CSCC cell differentiation. However there were no independent prognosis correlations between Mcm3 and Mcm4 and clinicopathological parameters including age, stage, tumor size, invasive depth and lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mcm3 and Mcm4 were highly expressed in CSCC, and these two proteins might be useful as biomolecular markers in clinical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D064126:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3; D064148:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C066470:MCM3 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C099243:MCM4 protein, human; D064126:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3; D064148:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4