title: The history and development of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine axis.
abstract: Fundamental medical principles, such as hormone action, distant physiologic regulation, and ductless secretion were once mysteries. They now form the basis of basic medical diagnostics and therapeutics. This article discusses and reviews the rich history that served as the foundation of modern medicine, from the early descriptions of tumors, to the discovery of hormones and assays, and how they resulted in the treatments available today.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Eric H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000502:physiology; D004704:Endocrinology / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology