title: Effect of reducing agents on bond strength to NaOCl-treated dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three antioxidant/reducing agents with different application times on microtensile bond strengths to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The occlusal surfaces of 24 extracted human third molars were horizontally cut to expose sound dentin. The teeth were divided into eight groups. The dentin surfaces of the teeth were treated as follows: group 1, no treatment; group 2, treated with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 30s; groups 3-8, applications of 10% sodium ascorbate solution, 100 μM rosmarinic acid solution or Accel for 5 or 10s after the same treatment as in group 2. All treated dentin surfaces were bonded with a 2-step self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil Protect Bond) and restored with a resin composite (Clearfil AP-X). After storage in water for 24h, the bonded specimens were subjected to the microtensile bond test at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NaOCl-treated group had significantly lower bond strength than the control group (p<0.05). The application of sodium ascorbate solution for 5 or 10s did not significantly increase the compromised bonding to NaOCl-treated dentin (p>0.05). On the other hand, Accel and rosmarinic acid solution had significant reversal effects with the same application times (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reversal effect on compromised bonding to NaOCl-treated dentin depended upon the type of antioxidant within the short application time. Applying Accel or rosmarinic acid for 5 or 10s improved bond strengths to NaOCl-treated dentin.
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. dent-taweesak@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Taweesak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prasansuttiporn
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Sitthikorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunawarote
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Foxton
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D053630:Depsides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D019163:Reducing Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002934:Cinnamates; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D053630:Depsides; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008689:Methacrylates; D019163:Reducing Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond