title: Pilot study on verification of effectiveness on operability of assistance system for robotic tele-surgery using simulation.
abstract: Tele-surgery enables medical care even in remote regions, and has been accomplished in clinical cases by means of dedicated communication lines. To make tele-surgery a more widespread method of providing medical care, a surgical environment needs to be made available using public lines of communication, such as the Internet. Moreover, a support system during surgery is required, as the use of surgical tools is performed in an environment subject to delay. In our research, we focus on the operability of specific tasks conducted by surgeons during a medical procedure, with the aim of clarifying, by means of a simulation, the optimum environment for robotic tele-surgery. In the study, we set up experimental systems using our proposed simulation system. In addition, we investigate the mental workloads on subjects and verify the effect of visual-assistance information as a pilot study. The operability of the task of gripping soft tissue was evaluated using a subjective workload assessment tool, the NASA Task Load Index. Results show that the tasks were completed, but the workload did not improve to less than 300ms and 400ms in the simulated environment. Verifying the effect of the support system was an important task under a more-than 200ms delay using this experiment, and future studies will evaluate the operability of the system under varying conditions of comfort. In addition, an intra-operative assistance system will be constructed using a simulation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. kawamura@aoni.waseda.jp
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masakatsu G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fujie
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000295:instrumentation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012371:Robotics; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors