title: The evolution of Helicobacter pylori antibiotics resistance over 10 years in Beijing, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate Helicobacter pylori antibiotics resistance evolution from 2000 to 2009 to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 374 H. pylori strains isolated from 374 subjects who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 2000 to 2009 were collected and examined by E-test method for antibiotics susceptibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average antibiotics resistance rates were 0.3% (amoxicillin), 37.2% (clarithromycin), 63.9% (metronidazole), 1.2% (tetracycline), 50.3% (levofloxacin) and 61.9% (moxifloxacin). Overall resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone increased annually (from 14.8 to 65.4%, 38.9 to 78.8%, and 27.1 to 63.5%, in 2000 or 2006-2007 to 2009, respectively). The secondary resistance rates were much higher than primary rates to these antibiotics, which also increased annually in recent 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trend of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori increased over time and the resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline was infrequent and stable in Beijing. Clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone should be used with caution for H. pylori eradication treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Fulian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guibin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents