title: Bee sting of the cornea and conjunctiva: management and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the clinical features, management, and outcomes of 4 cases of bee sting injury to the cornea and conjunctiva.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical features, external photographs, treatment, and outcomes of 4 cases of ocular bee stings are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 3 cases, the stinger of the bee was retained on the cornea, and in 1 case, it was retained on the conjunctiva. One of the 3 corneal sting patients was stung on the laser in situ keratomileusis flap margin, which resulted in a partial tear of the flap. Retained bee stings were removed immediately in all 4 cases, and topical antibiotics were applied with adjuvant treatment. All patients had good visual outcomes without severe complications at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular surface bee stings with retained stingers are rarely reported. A potential triad of penetrating, immunologic, and toxic injury must be taken into consideration. Vision can be restored by early removal of the sting and topical medication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Hsuan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Nan-Kai
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yih-Shiou
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: David Hui-Kang
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lung-Kun
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001516:Bees; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015715:Corneal Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D065306:Corneal Injuries; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids