title: Incremental value and safety of oral ivabradine for heart rate reduction in computed tomography coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart rate (HR) reduction is essential to achieve optimal image quality and diagnostic accuracy with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Administration of ivabradine could be an attractive alternative to beta-blockade to reduce HR.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred-twenty-three patients referred for CTCA were prospectively enrolled. Patients were divided in two groups depending on the absence or presence of chronic beta-blockade treatment. Within the two groups patients were randomized to either no additional premedication or oral ivabradine for 5 days prior to CTCA. In presence of chronic beta-blockade therapy it was shifted to atenolol 50mg twice a day for 5 days prior to CTCA. HR and blood pressure were assessed at admission (T0), immediately before CTCA (T1) and during CTCA (T2). The target HR was <65 bpm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ivabradine significantly reduced HR during CTCA. Mean relative HR reduction was 15% for controls, 12% for chronic beta-blockade, 19% for ivabradine and 24% for both chronic beta-blockade and ivabradine at T2 (p for trend <0.001). The rate of patients who reached the target HR at T2 was 83% in controls, 71% with chronic beta-blockade, 97% with ivabradine and 97% with both (p for trend <0.05). The percentage of patients that needed additional IV beta-blockade at T1 decreased from 69% to 40% with ivabradine and 30% with both (p for trend <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ivabradine is safe and effective in increasing the rate of patients at target HR and in reducing the need for additional IV beta-blockade in patients referred for CTCA.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Italy. andreaigoren@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Andrea I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Guaricci
authors.forename: Joanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schuijf
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cademartiri
authors.forename: Natale Daniele
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: Deodata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montrone
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maffei
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ieva
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Biase
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Midiri
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macarini
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Biase
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D000077550:Ivabradine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D000077550:Ivabradine