title: Acute toxicity and biodegradability of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl-DABCO based ionic liquids.
abstract: N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl substituted 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) based ionic liquids (ILs), N-alkyl-DABCO, bearing short alkyl chains are characterised by a low toxicity to Vibrio fischeri, although toxicity significantly increases on increasing the alkyl chain length. Alkyl chain length affects also biodegradability in the 28 days tests; the higher level of biodegradation was found in both the series in the case of the ethyl (C2) derivatives. In the case of N-ethyl DABCO based IL, although biodegradability is still around 40%, and consequently this IL cannot be classified as "readily biodegradable", this value is similar to the more biodegradable functionalized imidazolium based ILs.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy. cpretti@vet.unipi.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pretti
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renzi
authors.forename: Silvano Ettore
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Focardi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giovani
authors.forename: Gianfranca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monni
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melai
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajamani
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiappe
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects*; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D009025:Morpholines; D010879:Piperazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C007306:triethylenediamine