title: Unnatural history of the right ventricle in patients with congenitally malformed hearts.
abstract: The long-term outcome of patients with congenitally malformed hearts involving abnormal right ventricular morphology and haemodynamics is variable. In most instances, the patients are at risk for right ventricular failure, in part due to morphological differences between the right and left ventricles and their response to chronic volume and pressure overload. In patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, and after balloon valvotomy for valvar pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary regurgitation is the most significant risk factor for right ventricular dysfunction. In patients with a dominant right ventricle after Fontan palliation, and in those with systemic right ventricles in association with surgically or congenitally corrected transposition, the right ventricle is not morphologically capable of dealing with chronic exposure to the high afterload of the systemic circulation. In patients with Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve, the degree of atrialisation of the right ventricle determines how well the right ventricle will function as the pump for the pulmonary vascular bed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America. llmd@llmd.net
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Meryl S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Redington
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nykanen
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Penny
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deanfield
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Eidem
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004437:Ebstein Anomaly / Q000601:surgery; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery