title: Analysis of variation in calibration curves for Kodak XV radiographic film using model-based parameters.
abstract: Film calibration is time-consuming work when dose accuracy is essential while working in a range of photon scatter environments. This study uses the single-target single-hit model of film response to fit the calibration curves as a function of calibration method, processor condition, field size and depth. Kodak XV film was irradiated perpendicular to the beam axis in a solid water phantom. Standard calibration films (one dose point per film) were irradiated at 90 cm source-to-surface distance (SSD) for various doses (16-128 cGy), depths (0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10 cm) and field sizes (5 × 5, 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 cm²). The 8-field calibration method (eight dose points per film) was used as a reference for each experiment, taken at 95 cm SSD and 5 cm depth. The delivered doses were measured using an Attix parallel plate chamber for improved accuracy of dose estimation in the buildup region. Three fitting methods with one to three dose points per calibration curve were investigated for the field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 cm². The inter-day variation of model parameters (background, saturation and slope) were 1.8%, 5.7%, and 7.7% (1 σ) using the 8-field method. The saturation parameter ratio of standard to 8-field curves was 1.083 ± 0.005. The slope parameter ratio of standard to 8-field curves ranged from 0.99 to 1.05, depending on field size and depth. The slope parameter ratio decreases with increasing depth below 0.5 cm for the three field sizes. It increases with increasing depths above 0.5 cm. A calibration curve with one to three dose points fitted with the model is possible with 2% accuracy in film dosimetry for various irradiation conditions. The proposed fitting methods may reduce workload while providing energy dependence correction in radiographic film dosimetry. This study is limited to radiographic XV film with a Lumisys scanner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. shuihsu@umich.edu
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulasekere
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roberson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D014867:Water; D014962:X-Ray Film
chemical_list: D014867:Water