title: GSTT1: a marker of the aggressiveness of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases have been implicated in the development of bladder cancer (BC). We investigated the genotype and expression of glutathione S-transferase-mu (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase-theta (GSTT1) in BC tissue specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor samples and matched normal mucosae were obtained from 34 patients. Genomic DNA was used to analyze GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. GSTM1 and GSTT1 mRNA levels were measured using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTM1 mRNA expression was lower in tumor tissues than in matched normal bladder mucosae, whereas GSTT1 mRNA expression was significantly higher. GSTT1 mRNA expression was higher in muscle-invasive BC and high-grade cancers than in non-muscle-invasive BC and lower-grade tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSTT1 is correlated with characteristics of aggressive BC. GSTT1 may play an important role in tumorigenesis and disease progression in patients with BC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Chunri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seok-Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Sung-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1