title: Anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl acetate extract from Cissus quadrangularis Linn may be involved with induction of heme oxygenase-1 and suppression of NF-κB activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cissus quadrangularis (family: Vitaceae) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, gastric ulcers and bone healing. In the present study, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity and the molecular mechanism of the ethyl acetate extract of Cissus quadrangularis stem (CQE) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effect of CQE on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in conditioned media. Cell viability was monitored by MTT assay. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CQE potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were suppressed also by CQE as was p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation. Further study demonstrated that CQE by itself induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression at the protein and mRNA levels in dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitory effects of CQE on NO production were abrogated by a HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these results suggest that CQE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages, at least in part, through the induction of HO-1 expression. These findings provide the scientific rationale for anti-inflammatory therapeutic use of Cissus quadrangularis stem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. klaokwan@buu.ac.th
authors.forename: Klaokwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srisook
authors.forename: Mullika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palachot
authors.forename: Nadtaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mongkol
authors.forename: Ekaruth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Srisook
authors.forename: Songklod
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarapusit
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D032422:Cissus / Q000737:chemistry*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)