title: Soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) as a predictor of restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptor (RAGE) increases expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1]) and induces oxygen radicals that are implicated in atherosclerosis. Balloon-injury-induced atherosclerosis is associated with increased expression of AGEs and RAGE. The soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE), which acts as a decoy for RAGE ligands (AGEs), prevents atherosclerosis in this model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated: 1) whether post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis is associated with low pre-PCI serum sRAGE, high serum AGEs, TNF-α, and sVCAM-1, and high AGE/sRAGE ratio; 2) whether pre-PCI and post-PCI levels of these markers are similar in patients with or without restenosis; and 3) whether sRAGE and AGE/sRAGE ratio have predictive value for post-PCI restenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiography was performed in 46 patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction for assessment of restenosis. Serum sRAGE, AGEs, TNF-α, and sVCAM-1 were measured in these patients and 20 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Nineteen of the 46 patients developed post-PCI restenosis, which was associated with lower sRAGE and higher TNF-α and sVCAM-1 levels, and higher AGE/sRAGE ratio compared with patients without restenosis. Pre-PCI and post-PCI levels of these biomarkers were similar in both groups, except in patients with restenosis, in whom the post-PCI level of sRAGE was lower and TNF-α was higher than the pre-PCI levels. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of sRAGE were 100%, and were higher than those of AGE/sRAGE ratio in identifying post-PCI restenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both low serum sRAGE levels and high AGE/sRAGE ratio have predictive value for post-PCI restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Erick D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: McNair
authors.forename: Calvin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mabood Qureshi
authors.forename: Rashpal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basran
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orvold
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devilliers
authors.forename: Kailash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012525:Saskatchewan; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic