title: Candidate genes involved in tanshinone biosynthesis in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza revealed by cDNA microarray.
abstract: Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable Chinese herb (Danshen) that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Diterpene quinones, known as tanshinones, are the main bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza; however, there is only limited information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying secondary metabolism in this plant. We used cDNA microarray analysis to identify changes in the gene expression profile at different stages of hairy root development in S. miltiorrhiza. A total of 203 genes were singled out from 4,354 cDNA clones on the microarray, and 114 unique differentially expressed cDNA clones were identified: six genes differentially expressed in 45-day hairy root compared with 30-day hairy root; 96 genes differentially expressed in 60-day hairy root compared with 30-day hairy root; and 12 genes unstably expressed at different stages. Among the 96 genes differentially expressed in 60-day hairy root compared with 30-day hairy root, a total of 57 genes were up-regulated, and 26 genes represent 29 metabolism-related enzymes. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of the universal diterpenoid precursor (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate to copalyl diphosphate, was up-regulated 6.63 fold, and another six genes involved in tanshinone biosynthesis and eight candidate P450 genes were also differentially expressed. These data provide new insights for further identification of the enzymes involved in tanshinone biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Guanghong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Luqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jingxue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010940:Plant Proteins; C021751:tanshinone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C090963:ent-kaurene synthetase A