title: Effectiveness of doxazosin in the management of lower ureteral stones in male and female patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of doxazosin on the rate of spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones in female patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 patients with stones sized 10 mm or smaller, located in the distal part of the ureter, were included. They were divided into two groups, according to the gender. Patients were followed-up until passage of the stone or for a maximum of 3 weeks. The number of pain episodes, stone expulsion rate and time, and possible side effects of medications were recorded and compared in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients completed the study. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding patient age, stone size, and stone location between the groups (P > 0.05). Stone expulsion occurred in 29 patients (72.5%) in group 1 and in 28 patients (70%) in group 2 (P = 0.35). Mean time to expulsion was 6.5 days (range 3-15 days) in the male arm and 7.5 days (range 4-17 days) in the female arm (P = 0.97). There were no differences between the groups in the number of colic episodes and analgesic use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical treatment of distal ureteral stones with doxazosin has similar stone passage rate, expulsion time, and safety in women compared with men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Kardesler Koop. 182.cad, 175. Sok., No:14/8, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey. drberkan79@gmail.com
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Resorlu
authors.forename: Omer Faruk
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Cagri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Senocak
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017292:Doxazosin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; D017292:Doxazosin