title: Review article: explaining risks of inflammatory bowel disease therapy to patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has advanced significantly over the past decade, but it is important to communicate effectively the balance of benefits and risks of therapy to patients to facilitate informed medical decisions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the available data describing the risk of side effects of IBD medications and to describe effective methods for communicating risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify relevant articles for this review, a PubMed search was conducted using relevant key words and phrases. In addition, reference lists from identified manuscripts were searched and recent abstracts from National meetings were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The steroid-sparing medications used for the treatment of IBD all carry risks of both common and rare adverse events. Trade-offs need to be made between the risks of these medications vs. the risks of poorly treated disease and corticosteroids. There has been significant research on how best to present risk data to patients, which is summarized in this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To ensure that our patients understand their choices and feel comfortable with their treatment, we need to communicate risk data to patients clearly. Patients comprehend absolute numbers better than relative risk, and when available, pictorial representations of data are preferred over solely presenting numerical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. corey.a.siegel@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007155:Immunologic Factors