title: Electrical modalities beyond pacing for the treatment of heart failure.
abstract: In this review, we report on electrical modalities, which do not fit the definition of pacemaker, but increase cardiac performance either by direct application to the heart (e.g., post-extrasystolic potentiation or non-excitatory stimulation) or indirectly through activation of the nervous system (e.g., vagal or sympathetic activation). The physiological background of the possible mechanisms of these electrical modalities and their potential application to treat heart failure are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Research and Technology, Medtronic Bakken Research Center BV, Endepolsdomein 5, 6229 GW Maastricht, The Netherlands. richard.cornelussen@medtronic.com
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Cornelussen
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Splett
authors.forename: Ruth Nicholson
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Klepfer
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stegemann
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kornet
authors.forename: Frits W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Prinzen
mesh_terms: D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*