title: Coenzyme Q as an antiadipogenic factor.
abstract: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is not only the single antioxidant synthesized in humans but also an obligatory element of mitochondrial functions. We have previously reported CoQ deficiency in white adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. We sought to determine (i) whether this deficit exists in all species and its relevance in human obesity and (ii) to what extent CoQ could be involved in adipocyte differentiation. Here we identified in rodents as well as in humans a specific very strong nonlinear negative correlation between CoQ content in subcutaneous adipose tissue and obesity indexes. This striking correlation reveals a threshold value similar in both species. This relative deficit in CoQ content in adipose tissue rapidly took place during the time course of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Adipocyte differentiation was assessed in vitro using the preadipocyte 3T3-F442A cell line. When CoQ synthesis was inhibited by a pharmacological approach using chlorobenzoic acid, this strongly triggered adipose differentiation. In contrast, adipogenesis was strongly inhibited when a long-term increase in CoQ content was obtained by overexpressing human 4-hydroxy benzoate acid polyprenyltransferase gene. Altogether, these data suggest that a strict level of CoQ remains essential for adipocyte differentiation, and its impairment is associated with obesity.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5241 Métabolisme, Plasticité et Mitochondrie, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bour
authors.forename: Maria-Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galinier
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caspar-Bauguil
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Gaal
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staels
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pénicaud
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casteilla
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011809:Quinones / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011809:Quinones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014451:Ubiquinone; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C021386:4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol