title: [Effect of levonorgestrel in the ovulation, endometrium, and spermatozoa for emergency oral contraception].
abstract: There is wide controversy about the mechanism of action of the levonorgestrel used for emergency oral contraception, and many organizations, both scientific as well as from the civil society, show their discrepancy with its use, due to its possible action as an abortion- inducer. In order to evaluate the scientific evidence available on the mechanisms of action of the levonorgestrel used for emergency oral contraception (EOC), a systematic revision was performed in the Medline and Cochrane library databases. We found 444 articles. After reviewing the abstracts, we selected 22 articles, whose complete texts were evaluated. We found that the main mechanism of action of the levonorgestrel, given at the doses recommended for EOC, is the inhibition or retardation of the ovulation, it doesn't affect the spermatozoa in their migration or egg-penetration capacities. No morphological or molecular alterations in the endometrium that could interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg have been demonstrated. There is no actual scientific evidence available supporting that the use of levonorgestrel for EOC is abortive.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru. vsuarez@ins.gob.pe
authors.forename: Víctor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zavala
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ureta
authors.forename: Gisely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hijar
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucero
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pachas
mesh_terms: D044363:Contraception, Postcoital; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel