title: [Proximal and distal rupture of the m. biceps brachii].
abstract: Ruptures of the biceps tendon account for a high percentage of tendon ruptures. The aetiology of proximal ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon is often degenerative and they are frequently associated with lesions of the rotator cuff. The clinical findings are often not specific and long lasting. Distal ruptures of the biceps tendon mostly occur during eccentric contraction of the biceps muscle.Clinical tests, the associated haematoma and a distalisation or proximalisation of the muscle belly in combination with ultrasound or MRI to rule out combined diseases lead to the diagnosis. The possible options include conservative and operative treatment. Tenotomy and tenodesis lead to comparable results in the literature. Therefore, conservative treatment is mostly recommended in proximal ruptures. Operative treatment is preferred in distal ruptures of the biceps tendon in order to achieve an anatomical reconstruction of the muscle function. Chronic ruptures of the distal biceps tendon can be successfully treated with free autografts or allografts.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und orthopädische Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 1-3, 49076 Osnabrück. olaf.lorbach@klinikum-os.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lorbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kieb
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012421:Rupture; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013536:Suture Techniques; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography