title: Cardiovascular and metabolic outcome in 6-8 year old offspring of women with type 1 diabetes with near-optimal glycaemic control during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High maternal glucose concentrations during diabetic pregnancy may lead to health problems in the offspring later in life. We showed in a previous nationwide study on pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetic women that prepregnancy care was good and a near-optimal glycaemic control during pregnancy was achieved (mean HbA1c 6.2%).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated to what extent current care and treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes were related to cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances in the offspring at school age. Additionally, we studied the influence of level of maternal glycaemic control, preterm birth and neonatal macrosomia (birth weight>p 90).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  6-8 year old offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (ODM, n=213) and a control group of children of non-diabetic women (n=79).
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI, blood pressure, parameters of fasting glucose regulation and lipid metabolism, components of the metabolic syndrome (overweight, hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidaemia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parameters of fasting glucose regulation and lipid metabolism and the frequency of components of the metabolic syndrome did not significantly differ between ODM and controls. Systolic blood pressure was slightly higher in ODM. The influence of level of maternal glycaemic control, preterm birth and neonatal macrosomia on outcome in ODM was limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current care and treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes result in cardiovascular and metabolic outcome in the offspring at 6-8 years of age that is comparable to that in children of non-diabetic women. Further follow-up should substantiate these results at later age.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Centre/Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.rijpert@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijpert
authors.forename: Inge M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: de Valk
authors.forename: Monique A M J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Vroede
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tersteeg-Kamperman
authors.forename: Cobi J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Heijnen
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose