title: Modulation of the BP response to diet by genes in the renin-angiotensin system and the adrenergic nervous system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Essential hypertension results from the interaction of several genetic and environmental factors. Identification of genetic factors that modulate blood pressure (BP) response to interventions can lead to improved strategies for prevention and control. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that modulate BP response to dietary interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data and samples collected in two randomized feeding studies to determine the extent to which genetic architecture is associated with the effect on BP of sodium intake and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern. Participants in both trials were adults with above-optimal BP or unmedicated stage 1 hypertension. Genomic DNA was typed for several candidate genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of sodium intake on BP differed by genotype at the angiotensinogen, β2-adrenergic receptor, and kallikrein loci. The effect of DASH dietary pattern on BP differed by genotype at the β2-adrenergic receptor locus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings have implications for understanding the mechanism(s) through which diet affects BP, the heterogeneity of these effects, and the extent to which dietary interventions can modulate genetic predisposition.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. svetk001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Svetkey
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Eden
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Gayle T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Meltesen
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ricchiuti
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Michelle P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Conlin
mesh_terms: D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C553443:ADRB2 protein, human; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007610:Kallikreins