title: Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows.
abstract: In order to describe the normal bacterial flora in vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows, 51 healthy multiparous cows, at least 90-day postpartum, were selected. Duplicated swabs (N = 102) were taken from the vaginal fornix of cows to perform aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as conventional biochemical tests. Out of 102 swabs, bacterial growth was obtained in 55 (53.9%) while the remaining 47 (46.1%) did not exhibited any bacterial growth. Of the 55 bacterial growths, 23 (41.8%) were aerobic whereas 32 (58.1%) were anaerobic. Likewise, 29 (52.72%) of bacterial growths were pure and 26 (47.27%) were mixed. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Gram positive bacteria were predominant (81.82% and 73.08%, respectively) over Gram negative bacteria (18.18% and 26.92%, respectively). Isolated bacteria were Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22.92%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.63%), Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6.25%), Bacteroides spp. (13.54%), and Peptostreptococcus spp. (7.29%). In conclusion, normal vaginal bacterial flora of Criollo Limonero cows was predominantly Gram positive and included A. pyogenes, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. rhusiopathiae, Bacteroides spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. In Criollo Limonero cattle, adaptive aspects such as development of humoral and physical mechanisms for defense, and bacterial adaptation to host deserve research attention.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas. Estación Local Carrasquero, Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas (UNIZ-FCV-LUZ), Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. szambrano@inia.gob.ve
authors.forename: Sunny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zambrano-Nava
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boscán-Ocando
authors.forename: Jexenia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*