title: Polonium (210Po) and lead (210Pb) in marine organisms and their transfer in marine food chains.
abstract: The determination of (210)Po and (210)Pb was performed in marine organisms from the seashore to abyssal depths, encompassing a plethora of species from the microscopic plankton to the sperm whale. Concentrations of those radionuclides ranged from low values of about 5 × 10(-1) Bq kg(-1) (wet wt.) in jellyfish, to very high values of about of 3 × 10(4) Bq kg(-1) (wet wt.) in the gut walls of sardines, with a common pattern of (210)Po > (210)Pb.These radionuclides are primarily absorbed from water and concentrated by phyto- and microzooplankton, and then are transferred to the next trophic level along marine food chains. Investigation in epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic and abyssobenthic organisms revealed that (210)Po is transferred in the marine food webs with transfer factors ranging from 0.1 to 0.7, and numerically similar to those of the energy transfer in the marine food chains. As (210)Po preferentially binds to amino acids and proteins, its transfer in food chains likely traces protein transfer and, thus, (210)Po transfer factors are similar to ecotrophic coefficients. (210)Pb is transferred less efficiently in marine food chains and this contributes to increased (210)Po:(210)Pb activity ratios in some trophic levels.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Departamento de Protecção Radiológica e Segurança Nuclear, E.N. 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal. carvalho@itn.pt
authors.forename: Fernando P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D020387:Food Chain; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D007856:Lead Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000378:metabolism; D011059:Polonium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000378:metabolism*; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007856:Lead Radioisotopes; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011059:Polonium