title: Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in children with pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk factors for developing hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) in children with pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (from infants to age 21 years) hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), and chronic pancreatitis were studied retrospectively. Subjects with known DM or cystic fibrosis before presentation with pancreatitis were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 176 patients met the study criteria. Of these, 140 had AP, 29 had ARP, and 7 had chronic pancreatitis. Severe pancreatitis was associated with hyperglycemia; 41% of the patients with hyperglycemia required insulin, and 8 patients (4.5%) developed DM requiring insulin by the time of discharge. These 8 patients with postpancreatitis DM were more likely to be overweight. Five of the 8 patients had a seizure disorder, and 4 had another comorbidity, such as mental retardation or cerebral palsy. Seven of the 8 patients who developed DM had a single episode of AP, and one patient had ARP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that hyperglycemia and DM can occur with pancreatitis. In some cases, postpancreatitis DM was associated with mental retardation, seizure disorder, and use of antiseizure medication. As opposed to adults who develop DM after chronic pancreatitis, children can develop DM due to a single episode of AP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Vandana S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Loar
authors.forename: Venkat S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Renukuntla
authors.forename: Krishna V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gilger
authors.forename: Rubina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heptulla
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult