title: Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine correlate with hallucinations rather than motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is causally associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxygen generates a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS including hydroxyl radicals and H(2)O(2) react with guanine residues in DNA and produce 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). 8-OHdG serves as a biomarker for oxidative stress in various diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated urinary 8-OHdG levels in 61 PD patients and 28 normal subjects to evaluate the correlation with various clinical features. We quantified disease severity using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale for motor symptoms (UPDRS part 3), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for mental function, and the Tottori University Hallucination Rating Scale (TUHARS) for quantifying hallucinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations between 8-OHdG and all the examined parameters, but the partial correlation coefficients excluding contributions of all the other parameters showed that only TUHARS and UPDRS part 3 are significantly related to 8-OHdG. In particular, TUHARS correlates best with urinary 8-OHdG levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant correlation between urinary 8-OHdG levels and hallucinations but not with dementia suggests that hallucinations are likely to have unique but unidentified mechanisms that lead to excessive production of 8-OHdG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. hirasan@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kinji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobue
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine