title: Normal variants of bowel FDG uptake in dual-time-point PET/CT imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the normal variants of the physiological bowel 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in dual-time-point positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of 206 consecutive asymptomatic subjects who underwent whole-body FDG PET/CT for medical checkup in our institution. The criteria for exclusion of the subjects from this study were as follows: history of abdominal surgeries or endoscopic mucosal resection, history of any malignant tumors, symptoms of diarrhea or constipation, a positive fecal occult blood test, elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and hyperglycemia (more than 110 mg/dl). A total of 39 subjects (32 males, 7 females, mean age 58.1 years old) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two radiologists evaluated the dual-time-point FDG PET/CT images of these 39 subjects, retrospectively. FDG uptakes in 5 areas (small bowel (SB), cecum and ascending colon (AC), transverse colon (TC), descending colon (DC), and rectosigmoid colon (RS)) were scored visually in comparison with the activity in the liver (0 = no uptake, 1 = activity less than that in the liver, and 2 = activity equal to or greater than that in the liver) in the early and delayed image. The scores decided by two radiologists were averaged and this average score was defined as the bowel uptake score (BUS). For 34 areas with the BUS of 2 in either the early or delayed images, the maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(max)) were measured for semiquantitative analysis. Wilcoxon's signed rank test and paired t test were adopted for the statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average BUS in the early/delayed images was 1.19/1.17 (SB), 0.81/1.23 (AC), 0.10/0.35 (TC), 0.35/0.59 (DC), and 1.17/1.54 (RS), respectively. The average SUV(max) of the 34 areas with a score of 2 was 3.11 in the early images and 3.76 in the delayed images. The scores in the AC, TC, DC and RS, and the SUV(max) were significantly higher in the delayed images (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiological FDG uptake in the colon increases significantly from the early to the delayed phase in dual-time-point PET/CT imaging, which should be carefully taken into consideration in the diagnosis of bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. trihmrad@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toriihara
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001692:Biological Transport; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18