title: Involvement of advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress and nuclear factor-kappaB in the development of diabetic keratopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the experiment reported here was to assess the involvement of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in the development of diabetic keratopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The thickness of the cornea was measured. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and western blot for caspase-3. The expression of AGEs and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were studied by immunohistochemistry in corneal tissues of normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. NF-κB activation was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and southwestern histochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneal edema was observed in diabetic rats. The thickness of cornea was higher in diabetic than in control rats. AGEs were accumulated in corneal tissues. 8-OHdG and NF-κB were identified in corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium, and its expressions were greater in diabetic than in those of control rats. Diabetes induces significant alterations in rat corneal tissue structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher expression of AGE, 8-OHdG and NF-κB in corneal tissues of diabetic rats suggests that these factors are involved in apoptosis and in subsequent corneal alterations related to diabetic keratopathy.
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Junghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chan-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eunjin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Il-Ha
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hyojun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine