title: Adipokine pattern in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in comparison to normal glucose tolerance and diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Altered adipokine serum concentrations early reflect impaired adipose tissue function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is not entirely clear whether these adipokine alterations are already present in prediabetic states and so far there is no comprehensive adipokine panel available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess distinct adipokine profiles in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests, 124 individuals were divided into groups of IFG (n = 35), IGT (n = 45), or NGT (n = 43). Furthermore, 56 subjects with T2D were included. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, chemerin, fetuin-A, leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, vaspin, progranulin, and soluble leptin receptor (sOBR) were measured by ELISAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemerin, progranulin, fetuin-A, and RBP4, IL-6, adiponectin and leptin serum concentrations were differentially regulated among the four investigated groups but only circulating chemerin was significantly different in patients with IGT compared to those with IFG. Compared to T2D the IFG subjects had higher serum chemerin, progranulin, fetuin-A and RBP4 levels which was not detectable in the comparison of the T2D and IGT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in adipokine serum concentrations are already detectable in prediabetic states, mainly for chemerin, and may reflect adipose tissue dysfunction as an early pathogenetic event in T2D development. In addition, distinct adipokine serum patterns in individuals with IFG and IGT suggest a specific role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of these prediabetic states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Anke.Toenjes@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tönjes
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasshauer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077153:Progranulins; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000097:blood; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein
chemical_list: C556354:AHSG protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D000077153:Progranulins; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C507339:SERPINA12 protein, human; D015843:Serpins; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein