title: Twist1 and Y-box-binding protein-1 promote malignant potential in bladder cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of Twist1 and Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) and their potential as therapeutic targets in bladder cancer (BC), as both have been suggested to play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and drug resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladder cancer cell lines (TCCsup, UMUC3, T24 and KK47 cells) were used. Twist1 and YB-1 expression levels were assessed by luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Tumour growth and cell cycle were analysed by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Invasive and motile abilities were investigated by scratch-wound test and migration assay, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay was performed to determine drug sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings showed that Twist1 regulated YB-1 expression in BC cells. Both Twist1 and YB-1 were involved in cell growth, invasion, motility and resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin, but not to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that Twist1 regulates YB-1 expression and that both Twist1 and YB-1 promote malignant potentials, including tumour growth, invasion and anti-cancer-drug resistance, indicating that both Twist1 and YB-1 are novel molecular targets in BC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.forename: Momoe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itsumi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiumi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: YooHyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Masubuchi
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001681:Biological Assay; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil