title: Hepcidin as a therapeutic tool to limit iron overload and improve anemia in β-thalassemic mice.
abstract: Excessive iron absorption is one of the main features of β-thalassemia and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Serial analyses of β-thalassemic mice indicate that while hemoglobin levels decrease over time, the concentration of iron in the liver, spleen, and kidneys markedly increases. Iron overload is associated with low levels of hepcidin, a peptide that regulates iron metabolism by triggering degradation of ferroportin, an iron-transport protein localized on absorptive enterocytes as well as hepatocytes and macrophages. Patients with β-thalassemia also have low hepcidin levels. These observations led us to hypothesize that more iron is absorbed in β-thalassemia than is required for erythropoiesis and that increasing the concentration of hepcidin in the body of such patients might be therapeutic, limiting iron overload. Here we demonstrate that a moderate increase in expression of hepcidin in β-thalassemic mice limits iron overload, decreases formation of insoluble membrane-bound globins and reactive oxygen species, and improves anemia. Mice with increased hepcidin expression also demonstrated an increase in the lifespan of their red cells, reversal of ineffective erythropoiesis and splenomegaly, and an increase in total hemoglobin levels. These data led us to suggest that therapeutics that could increase hepcidin levels or act as hepcidin agonists might help treat the abnormal iron absorption in individuals with β-thalassemia and related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gardenghi
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Maria Franca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Marongiu
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melchiori
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breda
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muirhead
authors.forename: Niva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Cindy N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Elizabeta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Follenzi
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Narla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohandas
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ginzburg
authors.forename: Eliezer A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rachmilewitz
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rivella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D017931:DNA Primers; C578702:HAMP protein, human; C579599:Hamp protein, mouse; D064451:Hepcidins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007501:Iron