title: Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that various type of stressors modulate messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor (CRH-R1 mRNA) and type 2 CRH receptor (CRH-R2 mRNA). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of social isolation stress of varying durations on the CRH, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNAs expression in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of socially monogamous female and male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Isolation for 1h (single isolation) or 1h of isolation every day for 4 weeks (repeated isolation) was followed by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Single or repeated isolation increased hypothalamic CRH mRNA expression, but no changes in CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus were observed. Continuous isolation for 4 weeks (chronic isolation) showed no effect on hypothalamic CRH or CRH-R1 mRNAs in female or male animals. However, hypothalamic CRH-R2 mRNA was significantly reduced in voles exposed to chronic isolation. Single or repeated isolation, but not chronic isolation, significantly increased CRH-R1 mRNA and decreased CRH-R2 mRNA in the pituitary. Despite elevated CRH mRNA expression, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNAs were not modulated in the hippocampus following single or repeated isolation. Although, chronic isolation did not affect hippocampal CRH or CRH-R1 mRNAs, it did increase CRH-R2 mRNA expression in females and males. The results of the present study in prairie voles suggest that social isolation has receptor subtype and species-specific consequences for the modulation of gene expression for CRH and its receptors in brain and pituitary. Previous studies have revealed a female-biased increase in oxytocin in response to chronic isolation; however, we did not find a sex difference in CRH or its receptors following single, repeated or chronic social isolation, suggesting that sexually dimorphic processes beyond the CRH system, possibly involving vasopressin, might explain this difference.
authors.affiliation: Brain-Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. nazarloo@uic.edu
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pournajafi-Nazarloo
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Partoo
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanzenbacher
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kenkel
authors.forename: Seyed Ramezan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mohsenpour
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: C Sue
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012934:Social Isolation; D013045:Species Specificity; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1
chemical_list: C101531:CRF receptor type 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D014667:Vasopressins; D010121:Oxytocin; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D003345:Corticosterone