title: Global population structure of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) inferred by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data.
abstract: Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae: Stomoxyini), a synanthropic fly with a worldwide distribution, is recognized to have an important medical and veterinary impact. We conducted a phylogeographic analysis based on several populations from five major zoogeographic regions of the world in order to analyse population genetic structure of S. calcitrans and to trace its global dispersion. Results from mitochondrial (COI, Cyt-b and ND1-16S) and nuclear (ITS2) DNA show a substantial differentiation of Oriental populations (first lineage) from the Afrotropical, Palearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical and Oceanian populations (second lineage). The divergence time analyses suggest the separation between the two lineages approximately in mid-Pleistocene. Oriental populations are isolated and would not have participated in the colonization of other regions, unlike the Afrotropical one which seems to be the source of S. calcitrans dispersion towards other regions. Demographic analyses indicate that Oriental, Afrotropical and Palearctic regions have undergone a population expansion during late Pleistocene-early Holocene. The expansion time of this cosmopolitan species could have been influenced by continental human expansions and by animal domestication.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Ecologie fonctionnelle et évolutive UMR 5175 CEFE, Université Montpellier 3, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. dsouli2005@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dsouli-Aymes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michaux
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Stordeur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Couloux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veuille
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duvallet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D003710:Demography; D017344:Genes, Insect; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009117:Muscidae / Q000235:genetics*; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005819:Genetic Markers