title: Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A as a marker for myocardial infarction and death in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a prognostic study within the CLARICOR Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a potential new marker for vulnerable plaques in the coronary arteries only examined in stable coronary disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Here we address the prognostic value of serum PAPP-A in unselected stable CAD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were drawn at study entry. Serum PAPP-A values ≥4mIU/L were considered elevated. Mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction was prospectively registered. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality, secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n=4243) were followed for a median of 2.8 years. In a Cox analysis, elevated PAPP-A was significantly related to the composite outcome of myocardial infarction and death (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.62-2.45, p<0.0005), all-cause mortality (HR 2.42, 1.92-3.06, p<0.0005), and myocardial infarction (HR 1.40, 1.01-1.94, p=0.046). After Holm's correction, the latter significance disappeared. After adjustment for risk factors and medication at entry, elevated PAPP-A remained significantly related to the composite outcome (HR 1.51, 1.22-1.86, p<0.0005) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.68, 1.32-2.13, p<0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with stable CAD elevated serum PAPP-A seems promising as aid in identifying patients at high risk for death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hillerod Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark. kasper.iversen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Kasper K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Børge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teisner
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gluud
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kjøller
authors.forename: Hans Jørn
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kolmos
authors.forename: Per Rossen
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilden
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D010919:Placebos; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010919:Placebos; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A