title: Graphene edges: a review of their fabrication and characterization.
abstract: The current status of graphene edge fabrication and characterization is reviewed in detail. We first compare different fabrication methods, including the chemical vapor deposition method, various ways of unzipping carbon nanotubes, and lithographic methods. We then summarize the different edge/ribbon structures that have been produced experimentally or predicted theoretically. We discuss different characterization tools, such as transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, that are currently used for evaluating the edge quality as well as the atomic structures. Finally, a detailed discussion of defective and folded edges is also presented. Considering the short history of graphene edge research, the progress has been impressive, and many further advances in this field are anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. xjia@mit.edu
authors.forename: Xiaoting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos-Delgado
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terrones
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: Mildred S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dresselhaus
mesh_terms: D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008958:Models, Molecular; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006108:Graphite