title: Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma: report of four cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: Our objective is to present a short series of four rare cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma. Our methods present four case reports of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma and a review of the literature for management and treatment of this disease. The results indicate short case series reports of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma arising from the anterior ethmoidal sinuses, the nasopharynx, the lateral nasal wall and the floor of the nose. The discussion focuses on likely origins of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma, its clinical features and management. We conclude that ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare disease. Treatment principles are the same for non-ectopic disease and guided by extension into adjacent structures such as the orbit or anterior cranial fossa and usually involves surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Mater Misericordiae Hospital, 70 Eccles Street, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wormald
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed