title: Force feedback in limb lengthening.
abstract: A new variable-rate distraction system using a motorized distractor driven by feedback from the distraction force was designed. The distractor was mounted on a unilateral fixator and attached to the tibiae of 6 sheep that underwent distraction osteogenesis. The sheep were divided equally into 3 groups. In group 1, the forces were recorded but were not used to drive the lengthening rate. In group 2, force feedback was used and the desired distraction force level was set to 300 N and the initial rate was 1 mm/day. Group 3 also underwent force feedback with the desired force limit at 300 N, but the rate change was initiated earlier, at 200 N. The distraction force was recorded at 15 second intervals throughout the distraction phase and stored onboard the distractor.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA. jw76@drexel.edu
authors.forename: Jinyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Rahamim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seliktar
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akins
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thabet
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012756:Sheep; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery