title: Plasma and dietary magnesium and risk of sudden cardiac death in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium has antiarrhythmic properties in cellular and experimental models; however, its relation to sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively examined the association between magnesium, as measured in diet and plasma, and risk of SCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis was conducted within the Nurses' Health Study. The association for magnesium intake was examined prospectively in 88,375 women who were free of disease in 1980. Information on magnesium intake, other nutrients, and lifestyle factors was updated every 2-4 y through questionnaires, and 505 cases of sudden or arrhythmic death were documented over 26 y of follow-up. For plasma magnesium, a nested case-control analysis including 99 SCD cases and 291 controls matched for age, ethnicity, smoking, and presence of cardiovascular disease was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After multivariable adjustment for confounders and potential intermediaries, the relative risk of SCD was significantly lower in women in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile of dietary (relative risk: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.91) and plasma (relative risk: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.60) magnesium. The linear inverse relation with SCD was strongest for plasma magnesium (P for trend = 0.003), in which each 0.25-mg/dL (1 SD) increment in plasma magnesium was associated with a 41% (95% CI: 15%, 58%) lower risk of SCD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective cohort of women, higher plasma concentrations and dietary magnesium intakes were associated with lower risks of SCD. If the observed association is causal, interventions directed at increasing dietary or plasma magnesium might lower the risk of SCD.
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Prevention, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. schiuve@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chiuve
authors.forename: Ethan C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Korngold
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Januzzi
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gantzer
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D008274:Magnesium