title: Pore formation and pore closure in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) films.
abstract: Pore formation and pore closure in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-based drug delivery systems are two important processes as they control the release of the encapsulated drug. The phenomenon pore closure was investigated by studying the effects of the pH and the temperature of the release medium, and the properties of the polymer. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) films were subjected to a pore forming pre-treatment, and then pore closure was observed simultaneously with changes in glass transition temperature, wettability (contact angle), water absorption and mass remaining. To further understand the effect of pH, combined pore formation and pore closure were studied at different pH values. Pore closure was increased in a release medium with low pH, with a low-molecular-weight PLG of relatively low degree of hydrophobicity, or at high temperature. Pore closure occurred by two different mechanisms, one based on polymer-polymer interactions and one on polymer-water interactions. The mobility of the PLG chains also played an important role. The surface of the PLG films were more porous at pH 5-6 than at lower or higher pH, as pore formation was relatively fast and pore closure were less pronounced in this pH range. The pH had a significant impact on the porous structure, which should be kept in mind when evaluating experimental results, as the pH may be significantly decreased in vitro, in vivo and in situ. The results also show that the initial porosity is very important when using a high-molecular-weight PLG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. susanne.fredenberg@chemeng.lth.se
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fredenberg
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reslow
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Axelsson
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D013696:Temperature; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011136:Polysorbates; D014867:Water; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid