title: Major essential oils composition and immunotoxicity activity from leaves of Foeniculum vulgare against Aedes aegypti L.
abstract: The leaves of Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae) were extracted and the major essential oil composition and immunotoxicity effects were studied. The analyses conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed the essential oils of F. vulgare leaves. The F. vulgare essential oil yield was 0.97%, and GC/MS analysis revealed that its major constituents were methyl clavicol (46.3%), α-phellandrene (18.2%), fenchone (10.6%), (E)-anethole (11.3%), myrcene (3.4%), and α-pinene (2.1%). The essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L with an LC(50) value of 41.23 ppm and an LC(90) value of 65.24 ppm. Also, methyl clavicol (≥98.0%), α-phellandrene (≥95.0%), fenchone (≥98.0%), (E)-anethole (≥99.0%), myrcene (≥99.0%), and α-pinene (≥99.0%) were tested against the F(21) laboratory strain of A. aegypti. Fenchone (≥98.0%) and (E)-anethole (≥99.0%) have medium activity with an LC(50) value of 73.11 ppm and 102.41 ppm. The above data indicate that major compounds interaction may play a more important role in the toxicity of essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life science, Kon Kuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ill-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hee-Myong
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: Huyng-In
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D030001:Foeniculum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000922:Immunotoxins; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils