title: Photometric imaging in particle size measurement and surface visualization.
abstract: The aim of this paper is to give an insight into photometric particle sizing approaches, which differ from the typical particle size measurement of dispersed particles. These approaches can often be advantageous especially for samples that are moist or cohesive, when dispersion of particles is difficult or sometimes impossible. The main focus of this paper is in the use of photometric stereo imaging. The technique allows the reconstruction of three-dimensional images of objects using multiple light sources in illumination. The use of photometric techniques is demonstrated in at-line measurement of granules and on-line measurement during granulation and dry milling. Also, surface visualization and roughness measurements are briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Turku, Finland. niklas.sandler@abo.fi
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sandler
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations