title: Chthonomonas calidirosea gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, pigmented, thermophilic micro-organism of a novel bacterial class, Chthonomonadetes classis nov., of the newly described phylum Armatimonadetes originally designated candidate division OP10.
abstract: An aerobic, saccharolytic, obligately thermophilic, motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain T49(T), was isolated from geothermally heated soil at Hell's Gate, Tikitere, New Zealand. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, T49(T) is the first representative of a new class in the newly described phylum Armatimonadetes, formerly known as candidate division OP10. Cells of strain T49(T) stained Gram-negative and were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Cells possessed a highly corrugated outer membrane. The major fatty acids were 16 : 0, i17 : 0 and ai17 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 54.6 mol%. Strain T49(T) grew at 50-73 °C with an optimum temperature of 68 °C, and at pH 4.7-5.8 with an optimum growth pH of 5.3. A growth rate of 0.012 h(-1) was observed under optimal temperature and pH conditions. The primary respiratory quinone was MK-8. Optimal growth was achieved in the absence of NaCl, although growth was observed at NaCl concentrations as high as 2 % (w/v). Strain T49(T) was able to utilize mono- and disaccharides such as cellobiose, lactose, mannose and glucose, as well as branched or amorphous polysaccharides such as starch, CM-cellulose, xylan and glycogen, but not highly linear polysaccharides such as crystalline cellulose or cotton. On the basis of its phylogenetic position and phenotypic characteristics, we propose that strain T49(T) represents a novel bacterial genus and species within the new class Chthonomonadetes classis nov. of the phylum Armatimonadetes. The type strain of Chthonomonas calidirosea gen. nov., sp. nov. is T49(T) ( = DSM 23976(T) = ICMP 18418(T)).
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.|GNS Science, Geothermal Microbiology Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kevin C-Y
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Canada.|GNS Science, Geothermal Microbiology Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Dunfield
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Geothermal Microbiology Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Xochitl C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Geothermal Microbiology Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Geothermal Microbiology Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.affiliation: Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vyssotski
authors.affiliation: Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jason L J
authors.initials: JLJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kirill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lagutin
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Geothermal Microbiology Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stott
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001482:Base Composition; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D003368:Gossypium; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008124:Locomotion; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009520:New Zealand; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011809:Quinones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002374:Catalase