title: Influence of pine or oak wood on the degradation of alachlor and metalaxyl in soil.
abstract: The objective of this work was to study the influence pine or oak wood added to soil as an amendment (5% w/w) had on the degradation rate of two pesticides, alachlor and metalaxyl, with different hydrophobic character. The formation of pesticide metabolites and the soil dehydrogenase activity in non-amended and amended soil samples were also monitored. The degradation of metalaxyl followed first-order kinetics, while the degradation of alachlor followed first-order or biphasic kinetics in the soil samples studied. The results indicated that the degradation rate was slower for metalaxyl than for alachlor, and for both pesticides followed the order: pine amended soil < oak amended soil < non-amended soil. The faster degradation rate in non-amended soil was attributed to the higher sorption of pesticides by wood amended soils. The alachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA), and two metalaxyl metabolites (2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-methoxyacetylamino]-propionic acid and N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide) were detected during the incubation period. Soil dehydrogenase activity recorded close values in non-amended and amended soil treated with alachlor, but it was higher in wood amended soil treated with metalaxyl. Pine and oak wood increase the immobilization of the pesticides studied, but they also limit their bioavailability in soil by decreasing their degradation rate in amended soil.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, P.O. Box 257, 37071 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: M Sonia
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.forename: Jesús M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marín-Benito
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordax
authors.forename: Hanane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azejjel
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Martín
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D028223:Pinus / Q000378:metabolism; D029963:Quercus / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014934:Wood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C028175:metalaxyl; C000188:alachlor; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D000409:Alanine