Filipino Americans and racism: A multiple mediation model of coping.
Although the literature on Asian Americans and racism has been emerging, few studies have examined how coping influences one's encounters with racism. To advance the literature, the present study focused on the psychological impact of Filipino Americans' experiences with racism and the role of coping as a mediator using a community-based sample of adults (N = 199). Two multiple mediation models were used to examine the mediating effects of active, avoidance, support-seeking, and forbearance coping on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress and self-esteem, respectively. Separate analyses were also conducted for men and women given differences in coping utilization. For men, a bootstrap procedure indicated that active, support-seeking, and avoidance coping were mediators of the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress. Active coping was negatively associated with psychological distress, whereas both support seeking and avoidance were positively associated with psychological distress. A second bootstrap procedure for men indicated that active and avoidance coping mediated the relationship between perceived racism and self-esteem such that active coping was positively associated with self-esteem, and avoidance was negatively associated with self-esteem. For women, only avoidance coping had a significant mediating effect that was associated with elevations in psychological distress and decreases in self-esteem. The results highlight the importance of examining the efficacy of specific coping responses to racism and the need to differentiate between the experiences of men and women.
Department of Counseling, San Francisco State University, CA 94132, USA. aalvarez@sfsu.edu
Alvin N
AN
Alvarez
Linda P
LP
Juang
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D011287:Prejudice; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012933:Social Identification; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States