Prolonged carbon dioxide insufflation under general anesthesia for endoscopic submucosal dissection.
OBJECTIVE
Carbon dioxide (CO (2)) insufflation for endoscopy has been reported to provide superior recovery and is expected to reduce the risk of serious complications, including air embolism and tension pneumothorax, whereas general anesthesia offers some advantages not found under intravenous sedation. Little is known about the effect of prolonged CO (2) insufflation into gastrointestinal tracts on arterial CO (2) tension (PaCO (2)). Here we introduce the use of general anesthesia with CO (2) insufflation for esophagogastroduodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).


METHODS
A prospective observational study was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital. A total of 100 patients were scheduled for esophagogastroduodenal ESD under general anesthesia with CO (2) insufflation, using standardized anesthesia techniques and unchanged ventilatory settings. Arterial blood gas analyses were repeated at predetermined time intervals.


RESULTS
Of the initial 100 participants, 94 patients undergoing ESD and four patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection completed the study. The median procedure time was 122 minutes (range 29 - 309 minutes). The median baseline PaCO (2) of 28 mmHg increased to a median peak PaCO (2) of 39 mmHg ( P < 0.001), with marked inter-individual variability in the time courses of changes in PaCO (2). The correlation coefficient of PaCO (2) with the procedure time was low (r = 0.194; n = 577, P < 0.0001). FEV (1.0) % (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity) of < 70 % and esophagoscopy vs. gastroduodenoscopy were relative enhancement factors of PaCO (2).


CONCLUSIONS
Increases of PaCO (2) during esophagogastroduodenal ESD under general anesthesia with CO (2) insufflation remained within acceptable or readily controllable ranges, and are little enhanced by prolongation of the procedure. Esophagogastroduodenal ESD can be performed safely and feasibly with this procedure.
Department of Anesthesia, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. tksuzuki@med.showa-u.ac.jp
T
T
Suzuki
H
H
Minami
T
T
Komatsu
R
R
Masusda
Y
Y
Kobayashi
A
A
Sakamoto
Y
Y
Sato
H
H
Inoue
K
K
Serada
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology; D004210:Dissection; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
D002245:Carbon Dioxide