A novel t(4;22)(q31;q12) produces an EWSR1-SMARCA5 fusion in extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
Over 90% of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) feature an 11;22 translocation leading to an EWSR1-FLI1 fusion. Less commonly, a member of the ETS-transcription factor family other than FLI1 is fused with EWSR1. In this study, cytogenetic analysis of an extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma/PNET revealed a novel chromosomal translocation t(4;22)(q31;q12) as the sole anomaly. Following confirmation of an EWSR1 rearrangement by the use of EWSR1 breakpoint flanking probes, a fluorescence in situ hybridization positional cloning strategy was used to further narrow the 4q31 breakpoint. These analyses identified the breakpoint within RP11-481K16, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing two gene candidates FREM and SMARCA5. Subsequent RACE, RT-PCR, and sequencing studies were conducted to further characterize the fusion transcript. An in-frame fusion of the first 7 exons of EWSR1 to the last 19 exons of SMARCA5 was identified. SMARCA5 encodes for hSNF2H, a chromatin-remodeling protein. Analogous to EWSR1-ETS-expressing NIH3T3 cells, NIH3T3 cells expressing EWSR1-hSNF2H exhibited anchorage-independent growth and formed colonies in soft agar, indicating chimeric protein tumorigenic potential. Conversely, expression of EWSR1-hSNF2H in NIH3T3 cells, unlike EWSR1-ETS fusions, did not induce EAT-2 expression. Mapping analysis demonstrated that deletion of the C-terminus (SLIDE or SANT motives) of hSNF2H impaired, and deletion of the SNF2_N domain fully abrogated NIH3T3 cell transformation by EWSR1-SMARCA5. It is proposed that EWSR1-hSNF2H may act as an oncogenic chromatin-remodeling factor and that its expression contributes to Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumorigenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a fusion between EWSR1 and a chromatin-reorganizing gene in Ewing sarcoma/PNET and thus expands the EWSR1 functional partnership beyond transcription factor and zinc-finger gene families.
Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, Cincinnati Childern's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Janos
J
Sumegi
Jun
J
Nishio
Marilu
M
Nelson
Robert W
RW
Frayer
Deborah
D
Perry
Julia A
JA
Bridge
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D056905:Chromosome Breakpoints; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D005260:Female; D050939:Gene Fusion; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C500986:EWSR1 protein, human; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C409462:SMARCA5 protein, human