Biological activities of phenolic compounds isolated from galls of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae).
The aqueous extract of galls from Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) was fractionated on Diaion and refractionated on octadecyl silica column. Six phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as gallic acid (1), punicalagin (2), isoterchebulin (3), 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (4), chebulagic acid (5) and chebulinic acid (6). All of the compounds showed stronger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and melanin inhibitory activities than ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, α-tocopherol, arbutin and kojic acid, the reference compounds. Gallic acid (1) exhibited inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. However, all isolated compounds exhibited less activity than the reference compounds in mushroom tyrosinase inhibition and human tumour cytotoxicity assays. This study has demonstrated that the phenolic compounds isolated from galls of T. chebula might contribute significantly due to their antioxidant and whitening activities.
Chiang Mai University, Thailand. pmpti005@chiangmai.ac.th
Aranya
A
Manosroi
Pensak
P
Jantrawut
Hiroyuki
H
Akazawa
Toshihiro
T
Akihisa
Jiradej
J
Manosroi
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010941:Plant Tumors; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*
C106217:1,3,6-tri-O-galloylglucopyranose; D001578:Benzopyrans; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005960:Glucosides; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D008543:Melanins; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C429210:isoterchebulin; C103481:chebulinic acid; C076178:chebulagic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005707:Gallic Acid; C115642:punicalagin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl