Physical activity and gestational weight gain: a meta-analysis of intervention trials.
BACKGROUND
high gestational weight gain (GWG) has been found to be associated with a number of adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes.


OBJECTIVE
we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to find out whether physical activity in pregnancy might help avoid high GWG.


METHODS
a literature search in relevant databases and an additional search by hand through bibliographies of various publications were performed.


METHODS
we included randomised controlled trials on healthy women, with increased physical activity as the only intervention. GWG had to be documented for the intervention and control group separately.


METHODS
two reviewers independently extracted data and performed quality assessment. Data from the included trials were combined using a random-effects model. The effect size was expressed as mean difference (MD).


RESULTS
of 1380 studies identified, 12 trials met the inclusion criteria. In seven trials, GWG was lower in the exercise group compared with the control group, whereas five trials showed a lower GWG in the control groups. The meta-analysis resulted in an MD of GWG of -0.61 (95% CI: -1.17, -0.06), suggesting less GWG in the intervention groups compared with the control groups. We found no indication for publication bias or dose effects.


CONCLUSIONS
in summary, our analyses suggest that physical activity during pregnancy might be successful in restricting GWG.
Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany. ina.streuling@med.uni-muenchen.de
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I
Streuling
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Beyerlein
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Rosenfeld
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Hofmann
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Schulz
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von Kries
D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015430:Weight Gain