Biodiversity of volatile organic compounds from five French ferns.
Five French ferns belonging to different families were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Fifty-five VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and carotenoid-type compounds were identified. The main volatile compound of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Pteridaceae) was (E)-2-decenal with a plastic or "stink bug" odor. The volatile profiles of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (Woodsiaceae) and Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth (Blechnaceae) showed similarities, with small amounts of isoprenoids and the same main volatile compounds, i.e., 2-phenylethanal (odor of lilac and hyacinth) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor). The main volatile compound of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae) was (E)-nerolidol with a woody or fresh bark note. Polyketides, as acylfilicinic acids, were mainly identified in this fern. Oreopteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex. All.) J. Holub (Thelypteridaceae), well-known for its lemon smell, contained the highest biodiversity of VOC. Eighty percent of the volatiles was issued from the terpenic pathway. The main volatiles were (E)-nerolidol, alpha-terpineol, beta-caryophyllene and other minor monoterpenes (for example, linalool, pinenes, limonene, and gamma-terpinen-7-al). It was also the fern with the highest number of carotenoid-type derivatives, which were identified in large amounts. Our results were of great interest underlying new industrial valorisation for ferns based on their broad spectrum of volatiles.
Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, Faculté de Pharmacie Université Montpellier 1), UMR 5175 CEFE, B.P. 14 491, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France. francoise.fons@univ-montp1.fr
Françoise
F
Fons
Didier
D
Froissard
Jean-Marie
JM
Bessière
Bruno
B
Buatois
Sylvie
S
Rapior
D035681:Adiantum / Q000737:chemistry*; D044822:Biodiversity; D032492:Dryopteris / Q000737:chemistry*; D029624:Ferns / Q000737:chemistry*; D005602:France; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
D010936:Plant Extracts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds