The effect of fructose on renal biology and disease.
Dietary fructose intake is increasing. It is increasing primarily from added sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, and correlates epidemiologically with the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension worldwide. The administration of fructose to animals and humans increases BP and the development of metabolic syndrome. These changes occur independently of caloric intake because of the effect of fructose on ATP depletion and uric acid generation. Fructose ingestion may also be a risk factor for kidney disease that includes glomerular hypertension, renal inflammation, and tubulointerstitial injury in animals. We suggest excessive fructose intake should be considered an environmental toxin with major health implications.
Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. richard.johnson@ucdenver.edu
Richard J
RJ
Johnson
L Gabriela
LG
Sanchez-Lozada
Takahiko
T
Nakagawa
D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D014527:Uric Acid; D005632:Fructose