Linear regression analysis: part 14 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications.
BACKGROUND
Regression analysis is an important statistical method for the analysis of medical data. It enables the identification and characterization of relationships among multiple factors. It also enables the identification of prognostically relevant risk factors and the calculation of risk scores for individual prognostication.


METHODS
This article is based on selected textbooks of statistics, a selective review of the literature, and our own experience.


RESULTS
After a brief introduction of the uni- and multivariable regression models, illustrative examples are given to explain what the important considerations are before a regression analysis is performed, and how the results should be interpreted. The reader should then be able to judge whether the method has been used correctly and interpret the results appropriately.


CONCLUSIONS
The performance and interpretation of linear regression analysis are subject to a variety of pitfalls, which are discussed here in detail. The reader is made aware of common errors of interpretation through practical examples. Both the opportunities for applying linear regression analysis and its limitations are presented.
Departrment of Medical Biometrics, Epidemiology, and Computer Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Astrid
A
Schneider
Gerhard
G
Hommel
Maria
M
Blettner
D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D016014:Linear Models; D017712:Peer Review, Research; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis