Surgery-induced changes in red blood cell and plasma lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and blood hematology of female rats: protective role of methylene blue and vitamin E.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to determine the effects on red blood cell (RBC) and plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and blood hematology of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E (VE) and 1% methylene blue (MB) solutions for prevention of adhesions in rats.


METHODS
Thirty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn in three of the groups. They were then given intraperitoneally 0.9% saline (C group), 10 mg VE (VE group) and 1% MB (MB group) solutions, respectively. A sham group (Sh group), on which laparotomy was performed, received 2 ml of 0.9% saline solution.


RESULTS
In the C group, the adhesion scores were significantly higher than in the VE (p<0.01), MB (p<0.01) and Sh groups (p<0.005). Results showed that adhesion formation significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (p<0.01). The levels of RBC glutathione (GSH) (p<0.05) and plasma VE (p<0.01) significantly increased after VE administration, whereas the levels of MDA (RBC and plasma) (p<0.01), plasma NO (p<0.01), blood lymphocyte count (p<0.05) and blood white blood cell (WBC) counts (p<0.01) decreased. Treatment with MB caused a significant increase in plasma VE (p<0.01). On the other hand, results showed that MB significantly decreased blood WBC counts (p<0.01), plasma paraoxonase (PON1) (p<0.001) and NO (p<0.01), and RBC glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (p<0.05) and MDA levels (p<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Intraperitoneal administration of MB and VE is significantly effective in preventing intraabdominal adhesion formation in a rat model. Further investigations are necessary, however, to better understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants of MB.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey. hamityildiz@firat.edu.tr
Hamit
H
Yildiz
Ali Said
AS
Durmus
Halil
H
Simsek
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; D008751:Methylene Blue