Gene-nutrient interactions and gender may modulate the association between ApoA1 and ApoB gene polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome risk.
OBJECTIVE
Dyslipidemia is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is determined by both genetic and dietary factors.


METHODS
We determined the relationships between ApoA1 and ApoB polymorphisms and MetS risk, and whether dietary fat modulates this in the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1754).


RESULTS
ApoB rs512535 and ApoA1 rs670 major G allele homozygotes had increased MetS risk (OR 1.65 [CI 1.24, 2.20], P = 0.0006; OR 1.42 [CI 1.08, 1.87], P = 0.013), which may be, partly, explained by their increased abdominal obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity (P<0.05) but not dyslipidemia. Interestingly these associations derived primarily from the male GG homozygotes (ApoB rs512535 OR 1.92 [CI 1.31, 2.81], P = 0.0008; ApoA1 rs670 OR 1.50 [CI 1.05, 2.12], P = 0.024). MetS risk was exacerbated among the habitual high-fat consumers (>35% energy) (ApoB rs512535 OR 2.00 [CI 1.14, 3.51], P = 0.015; OR 1.58 [CI 1.11, 2.25], P = 0.012 for ApoA1 rs670). In addition a high monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake (>14% energy) increased MetS risk (OR 1.89 [CI 1.08, 3.30], P = 0.026 and OR 1.57 [CI 1.10, 2.40], P = 0.014 for ApoB rs512535 and ApoA1 rs670, respectively). MetS risk was abolished among the habitual low-fat consumers (<35% energy). Saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake did not modulate MetS risk.


CONCLUSIONS
ApoB rs512535 and ApoA1 rs670 may influence MetS risk. Apparent modulation of these associations by gender and dietary fat composition suggests novel gene-gender-diet interactions.
Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Catherine M
CM
Phillips
Louisa
L
Goumidi
Sandrine
S
Bertrais
Martyn R
MR
Field
Ross
R
McManus
Serge
S
Hercberg
Denis
D
Lairon
Richard
R
Planells
Helen M
HM
Roche
D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000235:genetics*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D004041:Dietary Fats