Immunotherapy of melanoma: an update.
The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide. A relationship between melanoma and the immune system was established years ago. Modulating the immune system in the management of different stages of melanoma has been the focus of numerous large randomized trials worldwide. This article reviews the current status of immunotherapy for melanoma, with a focus on the recent promising results from using vaccines, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, and adoptive cell therapy.
Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 430, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jhomsi@mdanderson.org
Jade
J
Homsi
Joshua C
JC
Grimm
Patrick
P
Hwu
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines
D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines