Challenges in containing the burden of hepatitis B infection in dialysis and transplant patients in India.
OBJECTIVE
Whether or not completing the hepatitis B vaccination in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation in the middle of incomplete vaccination schedule leads to development of protective antibody titres is not known. This study was designed to determine whether the strategy of completing hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination after transplantation is efficacious.


METHODS
Sixty-four end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA. HBsAg negative patients received four doses of 40 µg recombinant HBV vaccine. Schedule was continued in after transplantation period if it was incomplete before transplant. Anti-Hbs titres were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.


RESULTS
Past HBV infection was noted in 12 patients: 10 by serology plus viraemia and two by viraemia alone. Of the 46 patients without current or past HBV infection who had received at least two doses of the vaccine before transplant, 17 each had received two and three doses and 12 had completed the schedule. Seventeen (37%) exhibited protective titres. Patients who had completed vaccination were more likely to have protective titres than those incompletely vaccinated (P = 0.02). Five patients responded to post-transplant vaccination.


CONCLUSIONS
Partially vaccinated patients do not mount an adequate antibody response despite continued vaccination in the post-transplant period, whereas complete vaccination provides protection in 60%. The present study data highlights the need of administration of a full schedule of HBV vaccination before kidney transplantation. Nucleic acid-based tests can identify occult HBV infection.
Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Guliver
G
Potsangbam
Ashok
A
Yadav
Nirupama
N
Chandel
Manish
M
Rathi
Ashish
A
Sharma
Harbir S
HS
Kohli
Krishan L
KL
Gupta
Mukut
M
Minz
Vinay
V
Sakhuja
Vivekanand
V
Jha
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens