Prevalence of depression in relation to glucose intolerance in urban south Indians--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-76).
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the association between depression and glucose intolerance in urban residents of southern India.


METHODS
Subjects were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, carried out on a representative sample of 26,001 subjects recruited from Chennai city in southern India. Subjects with known diabetes were excluded (n = 1,498). Of the remaining 24,503 subjects, fasting capillary blood glucose (FBG) estimation were available for 23,787 subjects (response rate, 97.1%) in whom depression was assessed using a validated instrument, the Patient Health Questionnaire-12. Subjects with FBG values ≥126 mg/dL were termed as subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD), those with values between 100 and 125 mg/dL as having impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and those with <100 mg/dL as having normal fasting glucose (NFG).


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of depression was 14.3% (3391 of 23,787 subjects), and an increasing prevalence of depression was seen with increasing grades of glucose intolerance: NFG (13.1%), IFG (15.7%), and NDD (19.7%) (trend χ(2) = 57.1, P < 0.001). The prevalence of depression was higher in females at all grades of glucose intolerance. Risk for depression was higher among NDD subjects compared to NFG subjects (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.22, P = 0.01) and IFG subjects (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.44, P = 0.03) and also for IFG compared to NFG subjects (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.21, P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, and socioeconomic status.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of depression increases with increasing grades of glucose intolerance and is highest among those with diabetes.
Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre , WHO Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
Subramani
S
Poongothai
Ranjit Mohan
RM
Anjana
Rajendra
R
Pradeepa
Anbazaghan
A
Ganesan
Nandan
N
Umapathy
Viswanathan
V
Mohan
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
D001786:Blood Glucose