Interventional and surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease.
Arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity, mortality and hospital admission in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). The etiology of arrhythmias in this population is often multifactorial and includes electrical disturbances as part of the underlying defect, surgical intervention or hemodynamic abnormalities. Despite the numerous existing arrhythmia management tools including drug therapy, pacing and ablation, management of arrhythmias in adults with CHD remains difficult and challenging. Owing to improvement in mapping and ablation techniques, ablation and arrhythmia surgery are being performed more frequently in adults with CHD. However, there is little information on the long-term results of these treatment strategies. The purpose of this article is therefore to review the available data on nonpharmacological treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in adult patients with CHD and to give an overview of the available data on the early and late outcomes of these treatment strategies.
Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Zeliha
Z
Koyak
Joris R
JR
de Groot
Barbara J M
BJ
Mulder
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult