Severe course of Lyme neuroborreliosis in an HIV-1 positive patient; case report and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
Lyme Neuroborreliosis (LNB) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient is a rare co-infection and has only been reported four times in literature. No case of an HIV patient with a meningoencephalitis due to LNB in combination with HIV has been described to date.


METHODS
A 51 year old woman previously diagnosed with HIV presented with an atypical and severe LNB. Diagnosis was made evident by several microbiological techniques. Biochemical and microbiological recovery during treatment was rapid, however after treatment the patient suffered from severe and persistent sequelae.


CONCLUSIONS
A clinician should consider LNB when being confronted with an HIV patient with focal encephalitis, without any history of Lyme disease or tick bites, in an endemic area. Rapid diagnosis and treatment is necessary in order to minimize severe sequelae.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands. n.d.van_burgel@lumc.nl
Nathalie D
ND
van Burgel
Mayke
M
Oosterloo
Frank P
FP
Kroon
Alje P
AP
van Dam
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001898:Borrelia; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone