3-Deoxygalactosone, a new glucose degradation product in peritoneal dialysis fluids: identification, quantification by HPLC/DAD/MSMS and its pathway of formation.
Heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids leads to the formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs), which considerably impair long-term application of PD. Knowledge of the exact composition of GDPs present in a PD fluid is important to improve the biocompatibility of dialysis solutions. The present study conducted a targeted screening for novel GDPs with α-dicarbonyl structure in PD fluids. Thus, 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal) was identified for the first time in PD fluids. Quantification of 3-DGal was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/DAD/MSMS after derivatization with o-phenylendiamine to yield the quinoxaline derivative. Baseline separation of all α-dicarbonyl GDPs, particularly of the diastereomers 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 3-DGal, required the application of a polar, phenyl-based RP column for HPLC and additional pH-gradient elution. Concentrations of 3-DGal ranged between 55.8 and 136.9 μM in single-chamber PD fluids, and between 2.5 and 12.4 μM in double-chamber PD fluids. In solutions containing glucose, 3-DGal is formed from 3-DG via the intermediate 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE). Further studies are now required to determine the (patho-)physiological properties of 3-DGal.
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
Stefan
S
Mittelmaier
Michael
M
Fünfrocken
Dominik
D
Fenn
Monika
M
Pischetsrieder
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
C555526:3-deoxygalactosone; D005690:Galactose