Estimation of cancer incidence and mortality attributable to alcohol drinking in China.
BACKGROUND
Cancer constitutes a serious burden of disease worldwide and has become the second leading cause of death in China. Alcohol consumption is causally associated with the increased risk of certain cancers. Due to the current lack of data and the imperative need to guide policymakers on issues of cancer prevention and control, we aim to estimate the role of alcohol on the cancer burden in China in 2005.


METHODS
We calculated the proportion of cancers attributable to alcohol use to estimate the burden of alcohol-related cancer. The population attributable fraction was calculated based on the assumption of no alcohol drinking. Data on alcohol drinking prevalence were from two large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population. Data on relative risk were obtained from meta-analyses and large-scale studies.


RESULTS
We found that a total of 78,881 cancer deaths were attributable to alcohol drinking in China in 2005, representing 4.40% of all cancers (6.69% in men, 0.42% in women). The corresponding figure for cancer incidence was 93,596 cases (3.63% of all cancer cases). Liver cancer was the main alcohol-related cancer, contributing more than 60% of alcohol-related cancers.


CONCLUSIONS
Particular attention needs to be paid to the harm of alcohol as well as its potential benefits when making public health recommendations on alcohol drinking.
Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Hao
H
Liang
Jianbing
J
Wang
Huijuan
H
Xiao
Ding
D
Wang
Wenqiang
W
Wei
Youlin
Y
Qiao
Paolo
P
Boffetta
D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D011634:Public Health