Use of in vitro technologies to study phase II conjugation in equine sports drug surveillance.
BACKGROUND
Within equine drug surveillance, there is significant interest in analyzing intact phase II conjugates of drugs in urine, but progress has been limited by a lack of reference material.


METHODS
In this study, in vitro techniques using equine liver fractions were employed to produce glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of stanozolol, 16β-hydroxystanozolol and nandrolone, the glucuronide conjugate of morphine and the glutathione metabolite of chlordinitrobenzene for the first time in equine sports drug surveillance.


RESULTS
The glucuronide conjugate of the synthetic progestagen altrenogest was also produced in vitro, removing the requirement for sample hydrolysis during routine urinalyses.


CONCLUSIONS
These results highlight the potential of in vitro studies for the production of phase II reference material, allowing the development of assays based on intact conjugates.
HFL Sport Science/Quotient Bioresearch Ltd., Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, UK. ptaylor@hfl.co.uk
Polly
P
Taylor
James P
JP
Scarth
Lynn L
LL
Hillyer
D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004300:Doping in Sports; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006736:Horses; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D011372:Progestins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D013197:Stanozolol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D020719:Glucuronides; D011372:Progestins; D013256:Steroids; D013197:Stanozolol; D009277:Nandrolone; D009020:Morphine; D005978:Glutathione