Discomfort in children undergoing unsedated MRI.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for research purposes usually do not directly benefit the children scanned, so that review boards need to assess whether the risk of harm or discomfort is minimal. This study aimed at providing empirical data on discomfort related to unsedated MRI in children aged 5-12 years. Secondary objectives were to determine whether lower age is associated with higher levels of discomfort and to investigate which other characteristics of subjects and/or procedures may be associated with higher levels of discomfort. Self-report scores, observation scores, heart rate standard deviation scores, and incremental salivary cortisol levels were obtained from 54 children aged 5-12 years with non-acute conditions undergoing diagnostic MRI. Of the 54 children, 10 scored relatively high values on the self-report score and on one or two of the other measures, and another 15 scored relatively high on the self-report score alone. Rather than an age effect, associations were found between parents' trait anxiety and observation score values and between use of contrast fluid (requiring the insertion of a venous cannula) and high incremental salivary cortisol levels. In conclusion, MRI-related discomfort may be regarded as minimal for more than half of children aged 5-12.
Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.e.westra@lumc.nl
Anna E
AE
Westra
Maria P A
MP
Zegers
Rám N
RN
Sukhai
Ad A
AA
Kaptein
Herma C
HC
Holscher
Bart E P B
BE
Ballieux
Erik W
EW
van Zwet
Jan M
JM
Wit
D000367:Age Factors; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014851:Wakefulness