Effects of the presence of official-looking volunteers on harassment of New Zealand fur seals.
An increased number of tourists viewing animals in the wild have increased stress on these animals (hereafter wildlife). Many wildlife-viewing locations rely on voluntary compliance with posted regulations to protect animals from tourists because of the expense of employing on-site enforcement personnel. Voluntary compliance, however, is ineffective. The presence of official-looking volunteers may decrease the incidence of wildlife harassment by tourists. To test this possibility, we observed tourists interacting with 5- to 12-month-old New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) at the popular Ohau Stream waterfall while in the absence or presence of a young woman in plain sight wearing a neon vest (i.e., observer) and when an observer was not present. We observed 254 tourist groups at the waterfall when young seals were present. The percentage of groups in which at least one person harassed (approached, touched, or threw objects) a young seal was two-thirds lower when the official-looking observer was present. Frequency of harassment was inversely related to observer presence. Programs in which volunteers work at tourist sites are popular in countries with high tourism rates, such as New Zealand. Our results show that a relatively inexpensive and effective tourism-management strategy may be to post such volunteers as observers at sites where tourists view wildlife.
Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, USA. acevedo@biol.wwu.edu
Alejandro
A
Acevedo-Gutiérrez
Lisa
L
Acevedo
Laura
L
Boren
D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D058735:Environmental Policy; D046069:Fur Seals; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014838:Volunteers