Bystander effect of vinorelbine alters antitumor immune response.
The bystander effect (BE) is the ability of malignant cells affected by an anticancer agent to induce damage in neighboring cancer cells. In this study, we showed that it could also affect immune cells surrounding the tumor and interfere with the antitumor immune response. We observed that the exposure of human lung cancer cells A549 to vinorelbine induced a BE on neighboring human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro and on mice splenocytes in vivo. In vitro, the number of PBMCs killed because of their coculture with vinorelbine-pretreated A549 cells was 33% higher than those killed by A549 control cells (p = 0.003). In addition, we showed that when vinorelbine-pretreated A549 cells were injected into immunocompetent mice, splenocyte proliferation ex vivo toward tumor cells decreased by 27% compared with that seen in mice injected with untreated A549 cells (p = 0.03). Finally, in vivo experiment in A549 tumor bearing nude mice showed that adoptive transfer of A549 immune splenocytes was not able to delay tumor growth when vinorelbine-pretreated A549 cells were used for immunization. Inhibition of the BE by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and the superoxide dismutase mimic, mangafodipir, suggested that it was mediated by oxidative and nitrosative stress. In conclusion, exposure of cancer cells to vinorelbine alters the antitumor immune response through a BE mediated by cellular oxidative and nitrosative stress. Our results offer new prospects for using oxidative stress modulators to restore the antitumor immune response in patients treated with anticancer agents.
Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, EA 1833, AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris cedex 14, France. schoemann.audrey@gmail.com
Audrey
A
Thomas-Schoemann
François
F
Lemare
Céline
C
Mongaret
Elisabeth
E
Bermudez
Christiane
C
Chéreau
Carole
C
Nicco
Alain
A
Dauphin
Bernard
B
Weill
François
F
Goldwasser
Frédéric
F
Batteux
Jérôme
J
Alexandre
D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077235:Vinorelbine
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014747:Vinblastine; D000077235:Vinorelbine