The expanding family of innate lymphoid cells: regulators and effectors of immunity and tissue remodeling.
Research has identified what can be considered a family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that includes not only natural killer (NK) cells and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells but also cells that produce interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-13, IL-17 and/or IL-22. These ILC subsets are developmentally related, requiring expression of the transcriptional repressor Id2 and cytokine signals through the common γ-chain of the IL-2 receptor. The functional differentiation of ILC subsets is orchestrated by distinct transcription factors. Analogous to helper T cell subsets, these evolutionarily conserved yet distinct ILCs seem to have important roles in protective immunity, and their dysregulation can promote immune pathology.
Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. hergen.spits@amc.uva.nl
Hergen
H
Spits
James P
JP
Di Santo
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 / Q000276:immunology; D053631:Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; C497450:ID2 protein, human; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D053631:Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit; D014157:Transcription Factors