Development of an antimicrobial resin--a pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could be synthesized in situ in acrylic dental resins.


METHODS
Light-cure (LC; bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate blend) and chemical-cure systems (CC; orthodontic denture resin) were used to synthesize AgNPs using different concentrations of Ag benzoate (AgBz).


RESULTS
Rockwell hardness for LC resins showed that resins could be cured with up to 0.15% AgBz, while the hardness of CC resins were unaffected in the concentrations tested. UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of AgNPs in both LC and CC resins. Generally, CC resins had better distribution of and much smaller AgNPs as compared to LC resins overall. In some samples, especially in LC resins, nanoclusters were visible. An in vitro release study over four-weeks showed that CC resins released the most Ag(+) ions, with release detected in all samples. However, LC resins only released Ag(+) ions when AgBz concentration was greater than 0.1% (w/w). AgNP-loaded CC resins made with 0.2 and 0.5% (w/w) AgBz were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro against Streptococcus mutans, and results showed 52.4% and a 97.5% bacterial inhibition, respectively. Further work is now warranted to test mechanical properties and to optimize the initiator system to produce commercially useful dental and medical resins.


CONCLUSIONS
Success in this work could lead to a series of antimicrobial medical and dental biomaterials that can prevent secondary caries and infection of implants.
Division of Research, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States.
Catherine
C
Fan
Lianrui
L
Chu
H Ralph
HR
Rawls
Barry K
BK
Norling
Hector L
HL
Cardenas
Kyumin
K
Whang
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004058:Diffusion; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001565:Benzoates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D018030:Silver Compounds; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D012834:Silver; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C074277:ethoxylated bis-phenol A dimethacrylate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C049840:2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate