Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against oral pathogens.
The essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) was obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-two constituents were identified, representing 98.06% of the total oil content. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant components. The rosemary oil was characterized as having prominent (> 5%) contents of camphor (18.9%), verbenone (11.3%), a-pinene (9.6%), beta-myrcene (8.6%), 1,8-cineole (8.0%), and beta-caryophyllene (5.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil as well as of its major constituents was tested against the following microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Enterococcus faecalis, which are potentially responsible for the formation of dental caries in humans. The microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during evaluation of the antibacterial activity. The essential oil displayed low activity against the selected microorganisms. In the present study, the pure major compounds were more active than the essential oil. Among all the microorganisms tested, the pathogen S. mitis was the most susceptible and E. faecalis was the most resistant to the evaluated samples. This is the first report on antimicrobial activity of the major components of rosemary oil against oral pathogens.
Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201 Parque Universitário, Franca-SP, CEP 14404-600, Brazil.
Wagner A
WA
Bernardes
Rodrigo
R
Lucarini
Marcos G
MG
Tozatti
Lúzio G Bocalon
LG
Flauzino
Maria G M
MG
Souza
Isabel C C
IC
Turatti
Márcio L
ML
Andrade e Silva
Carlos H G
CH
Martins
Ademar A
AA
da Silva Filho
Wilson R
WR
Cunha
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002164:Camphor / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D027542:Rosmarinus; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D034361:Streptococcus mitis / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C008574:beta-myrcene; D002164:Camphor; C052875:verbenone; C024714:caryophyllene; C005451:alpha-pinene; D002710:Chlorhexidine