Fifty years of individual monitoring of ionising radiation in Switzerland: history, trends and perspectives.
In the last 50 y, individual monitoring of ionising radiation in Switzerland underwent substantial development, strongly influenced by type of applications of ionising radiation, monitoring technologies, knowledge of health risks, protection philosophies and regulatory frameworks. The role of individual monitoring in the system of radiation protection moved from a passive, a posteriori control of limits towards an important and more interactive tool for optimisation. Dose trends for occupational exposures document these developments. In the future, new and emerging dose intensive applications in medicine and an increasing demand for international harmonisation, particularly in Europe, will pose new challenges in individual monitoring.
Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. mirjana.moser@bag.admin.ch
M
M
Moser
R
R
Elmiger
D
D
Frei
D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000266:history*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000266:history*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011874:Radiometry / Q000266:history*; D013557:Switzerland