Comparison of levels of depression in medical and non-medical students.
BACKGROUND
High levels of depression in junior doctors prompted this research into the prevalence of depression in medical students, compared with other non-medical university students. We also explored potential vulnerability factors that may be associated with student depression.


METHODS
A comparative cross-sectional internet-based questionnaire design was used. This self-administered questionnaire, consisting of demographic details and questions about potential vulnerability factors, was disseminated to both medical and non-medical life-sciences students via their university e-mail accounts. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), a self-completed depression-specific questionnaire, was included.


RESULTS
Non-medical students showed a higher prevalence of moderate and severe depressive symptoms than their medical student peers, although medical students reported more symptoms of mild depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that belonging to an ethnic minority (p = 0.021), and having a personal (p < 0.001) or family history of depression (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of depression. Having studied for a previous degree appeared to be protective against depression (p = 0.029). Around half (50% of medical and 54% of non-medical) students indicated that they would not feel able to consult their university tutors if depressed.


CONCLUSIONS
Significant levels of depression were reported by both medical and non-medical students. Potential vulnerability factors included: a personal or family history of depression, point of degree entry and belonging to an ethnic minority. The reluctance of students to consult their tutors about such problems highlights the potentially stigmatising nature of depression, and reinforces the need for higher education institutions to address these issues.
Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Division of Population Health, University College London, UK. k.honney@ucl.ac.uk
Katie
K
Honney
Marta
M
Buszewicz
William
W
Coppola
Mark
M
Griffin
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult