Adsorption and aggregation properties of norovirus GI and GII virus-like particles demonstrate differing responses to solution chemistry.
The transport properties (adsorption and aggregation behavior) of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two strains of norovirus ("Norwalk" GI.1 and "Houston" GII.4) were studied in a variety of solution chemistries. GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs were found to be stable against aggregation at pH 4.0-8.0. At pH 9.0, GI.1 VLPs rapidly disintegrated. The attachment efficiencies (α) of GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs to silica increased with increasing ionic strength in NaCl solutions at pH 8.0. The attachment efficiency of GI.1 VLPs decreased as pH was increased above the isoelectric point (pH 5.0), whereas at and below the isoelectric point, the attachment efficiency was erratic. Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) dramatically increased the attachment efficiencies of GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs, which may be due to specific interactions with the VLP capsids. Bicarbonate decreased attachment efficiencies for both GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs, whereas phosphate decreased the attachment efficiency of GI.1, while increasing GII.4 attachment efficiency. The observed differences in GI.1 and GII.4 VLP attachment efficiencies in response to solution chemistry may be attributed to differential responses of the unique arrangement of exposed amino acid residues on the capsid surface of each VLP strain.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States.
Allegra K
AK
da Silva
Owen V
OV
Kavanagh
Mary K
MK
Estes
Menachem
M
Elimelech
D000327:Adsorption / Q000502:physiology; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000821:virology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D029322:Norovirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053585:Virus Attachment / Q000187:drug effects
D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride