Vitamin D toxicity due to a commonly available "over the counter" remedy from the Dominican Republic.
BACKGROUND
Hypercalcemia in ambulatory patients is occasionally caused by vitamin D toxicity.


OBJECTIVE
We report nine patients presenting to Columbia University Medical Center with hypercalcemia due to a supplement from the Dominican Republic containing massive amounts of vitamin D.


METHODS
Case histories and laboratory evaluation (calcium, PTH, vitamin D metabolites) are discussed in the context of other published cases of vitamin D toxicity. The supplement was analyzed by HPLC to quantitate vitamin D and A content.


RESULTS
Nine patients presented with hypercalcemia (range, 10.8-17.2 mg/dl; normal, 8.4-9.8 mg/dl), suppressed PTH (range, <3 to 11 pg/ml), and elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D (range, 94-525 ng/ml; normal, 30-80 ng/ml) levels. All reported recently taking an over-the-counter vitamin supplement called Soladek readily available in the Dominican Republic and in Upper Manhattan. Although serum calcium values before the ingestion of Soladek were not elevated (baseline serum calcium range, 8.7-9.2 mg/dl), most had a disorder that can be associated with hypercalcemia [squamous cell cancer (n = 1), Pneumocystis or mycobacterial infection (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 1), granulomatous disease (n = 1), hyperthyroidism (n = 2)]. According to the manufacturer's label, each 5-ml vial of Soladek contains vitamin D (600,000 IU), vitamin A (120,000 IU), and vitamin E (5 mg). Laboratory analysis by HPLC revealed that the supplement actually contained vitamin D(3) (864,000 IU) and vitamin A (predominantly retinyl palmitate 123,500 IU) per vial.


CONCLUSIONS
Although hypercalcemia due to exogenous use of vitamin D is unusual, it is important to consider it in the differential diagnosis, particularly among individuals with access to Soladek.
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Hyesoo
H
Lowe
Natalie E
NE
Cusano
Neil
N
Binkley
William S
WS
Blaner
John P
JP
Bilezikian
D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004293:Dominican Republic; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000150:complications; D009519:New York City; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium