Presence of adequate intravitreal concentrations of daptomycin after systemic intravenous administration in a patient with endogenous endophthalmitis.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether daptomycin has the potential to be an effective alternative treatment to vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endogenous endophthalmitis by measuring daptomycin penetration into the vitreous humor.


METHODS
Laboratory analysis of serum and intravitreal fluids to quantify the ratio between vitreous humor and serum daptomycin concentrations.


METHODS
Critical care unit in a university-affiliated tertiary care medical center.


METHODS
A 53-year-old woman treated with intravenous daptomycin for MRSA bacteremia, endophthalmitis, and pericarditis.


RESULTS
After the first dose of intravenous daptomycin 10 mg/kg was administered to the patient, serum and intravitreal fluids were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography to determine daptomycin concentrations; pericardial fluid was also analyzed to determine whether adequate levels were present in actively infected tissue. A vitreous concentration of approximately 28% of the serum concentration was achieved. Although therapeutic efficacy could not be assessed in the absence of intraocular cultures, the presence of adequate drug concentrations in the vitreous humor is promising. Ophthalmic infections caused by resistant isolates continue to increase, and effective alternatives to vancomycin, the standard of care, are needed. For endogenous endophthalmitis, these alternative therapies will need to reach therapeutic concentrations in the vitreous humor and adequately penetrate the terminal source of infection. In this analysis, the intravitreal concentration of daptomycin was comparable to concentrations previously reported with vancomycin; thus daptomcyin may be an attractive option when vancomycin therapy fails or is contraindicated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intravitreal daptomycin concentrations measured in a patient receiving intravenous daptomycin.


CONCLUSIONS
Adequate concentrations of daptomycin were achieved in the vitreous fluid after a single systemic dose of the drug. Daptomycin may be an effective alternative to vancomycin in patients with ophthalmic infections. Future clinical studies comparing daptomycin with vancomycin in this clinical setting are warranted.
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. sheridank@upmc.edu
Kathleen R
KR
Sheridan
Brian A
BA
Potoski
Ryan K
RK
Shields
Gerard J
GJ
Nau
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D017576:Daptomycin