ΔNp63α/IRF6 interplay activates NOS2 transcription and induces autophagy upon tobacco exposure.
Tobacco-induced oxidative stress leads to chronic inflammation and is implicated in the development of many human epithelial cancers, including head and neck cancer. Cigarette smoke exposure was shown to induce the expression of the ΔNp63α and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and immortalized oral keratinocytes. The NOS2 promoter was found to contain various cognate sequences for several transcription factors including interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-6 and p63, which were shown in vivo binding to the NOS2 promoter in response to smoke exposure. Small interfering (si)-RNAs against both ΔNp63α and IRF6 decreased the induction of NOS2 promoter-driven reporter luciferase activity and were shown to inhibit NOS2 activity. Furthermore, both mainstream (MSE) and sidestream (SSE) smoking extracts induced changes in expression of autophagic marker, LC3B, while siRNA against ΔNp63α, IRF6 and NOS2 modulated these autophagic changes. Overall, these data support the notion that ΔNp63α/IRF6 interplay regulates NOS2 transcription, thereby underlying the autophagic-related cancer cell response to tobacco exposure.
Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. eratovi1@jhmi.edu
Edward A
EA
Ratovitski
D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014026:Nicotiana
C109803:IRF6 protein, human; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012906:Smoke; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II