Regulation of IκB kinase by GβL through recruitment of the protein phosphatases.
G protein β-like (GβL) is a member of WD repeat-containing family which are involved in various intracellular signaling events. In our previous report, we demonstrated that GβL regulates TNFα-stimulated NF-κB signaling by interacting with and inhibiting phosphorylation of IκB kinase. However, GβL itself does not seem to regulate IKK directly, because it contains no functional domains except WD domains. Here, using immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses, we identified protein phosphatase 4 as a new binding partner of GβL. We also found that GβL interacts with PP2A and PP6, other members of the same phosphatase family. By interacting with protein phosphatases, which do not directly bind to IKKβ, GβL mediates the association of phosphatases with IKKβ. Overexpression of protein phosphatases inhibited TNFκ-induced activation of NF-κB signaling, which is an effect similar to that of GβL overexpression. Down-regulation of GβL by small interfering RNA diminished the inhibitory effect of phosphatases, resulting in restoration of NF-κB signaling. Thus, we propose that GβL functions as a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling by recruiting protein phosphatases to the IKK complex.
Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of G Protein Coupled Receptors, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
Dong-Joo
DJ
You
You Lim
YL
Kim
Cho Rong
CR
Park
Dong-Kyu
DK
Kim
Jeonghun
J
Yeom
Cheolju
C
Lee
Curie
C
Ahn
Jae Young
JY
Seong
Jong-Ik
JI
Hwang
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000737:chemistry; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; C080406:protein phosphatase 4; C106079:protein phosphatase 6; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins