A low-sodium solution for airway care: results of a multicenter trial.
BACKGROUND
Normal saline is sometimes instilled into the endotracheal tube preparatory to airway suctioning, to assist in removing thick secretions. However, saline can damage the antimicrobial properties of airway secretions. We previously described a low-sodium physiologically based solution for airway care and reported a small (n = 60) randomized trial in neonates, which showed trends toward less ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and less chronic lung disease with the new solution. We now report a multicenter trial of that solution.


METHODS
We conducted a before-and-after study with a parallel control group, in 4 level-3 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). During year 1, all 4 NICUs used saline for airway care. During year 2, one NICU used the test solution exclusively while the other NICUs used saline exclusively. The 2 study outcomes were VAP (cases/1,000 ventilator days) and chronic lung disease, defined 3 ways: supplemental oxygen at 28 days; supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks gestation; and supplemental oxygen on hospital discharge.


RESULTS
During the study period 1,116 neonates had endotracheal intubation for respiratory management. Of those, 1,029 received the standard saline for airway suctioning, and the 87 in NICU 4 received the test solution. NICU 4 had a decrease in VAP rate, from 4.2 VAPs/1,000 ventilator days with saline, to 1.6 VAPs/1,000 ventilator days with the test solution (P = .04), and also had the lowest prevalence of chronic lung disease (P < .001 for each definition).


CONCLUSIONS
The test solution significantly reduced the VAP and chronic lung disease rates.
Neonatal Intensive Care, McKay-Dee Hospital Center, Intermountain Healthcare, 4403 Harrison Boulevard, Ogden, UT 84403, USA. rdchris4@ihc.com
Robert D
RD
Christensen
Erick
E
Henry
Vickie L
VL
Baer
Nhan
N
Hoang
Gregory L
GL
Snow
Gorgi
G
Rigby
Jill
J
Burnett
Susan E
SE
Wiedmeier
Roger G
RG
Faix
Larry D
LD
Eggert
D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D012965:Sodium Chloride