Comparative gastric motility study of Enterra ™ Therapy and neural gastric electrical stimulation in an acute canine model.
BACKGROUND
Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an avenue for treating gastroparesis and obesity by controlling gastric motility using electrically mediated gastric contractions. Neural gastrointestinal electrical stimulation (NGES) is a GES modality capable of producing strong lumen-occluding local gastric contractions. Conversely, Enterra ™ Therapy, a commercial implantable gastric electrical stimulator, has been utilized to treat symptoms of gastroparesis, but its nominal electrical parameters are not capable of generating lumen-occluding contractions. However, comparative studies between these two stimulation modalities are lacking.


METHODS
Strain gauge transducers complemented by endoscopic monitoring have been utilized to register gastric contractions invoked with NGES and Enterra neurostimulators in four acute dogs. Mucosal and serosal electrode implantations, 'nominal' and 'maximum' electrical parameters, and longitudinal and transverse electrode placements have been tested with each neurostimulator type.


RESULTS
Strong lumen-occluding, circumferential contractions were induced with a wide variety of NGES parameters utilizing both transverse and longitudinal electrode configurations from the serosal side of the stomach. Similarly, local gastric contractions were observed with the Enterra neurostimulator programmed at its 'maximum' electrical parameters but only when utilizing transverse serosal electrode implantation. Under 'maximum' electrical parameters Enterra was not capable of producing registerable gastric contractions with longitudinally implanted serosal electrodes. Mucosal electrode implantations did not result in GES-invoked gastric contractions in both stimulation modalities.


CONCLUSIONS
Enterra Therapy is capable of producing gastric contractions under 'maximum' parameters and transverse electrode configuration. Neural gastrointestinal electrical stimulation produces stronger, lumen-occluding contractions under a wider range of electrode configurations and parameters.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
A
A
Arriagada
A S
AS
Jurkov
E
E
Neshev
G
G
Muench
M P
MP
Mintchev
C N
CN
Andrews
D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D014160:Transducers, Pressure