An organotypic hippocampal slice culture model of excitotoxic injury induced spontaneous recurrent epileptiform discharges.
Stroke is the major cause of acquired epilepsy in the adult population. The mechanisms of ischemia-induced epileptogenesis are not completely understood, but glutamate is associated with both ischemia-induced injury and epileptogenesis. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro model of epileptogenesis induced by glutamate injury in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), as observed in stroke-induced acquired epilepsy. OHSCs were prepared from 1-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. They were exposed to 3.5 mM glutamate for 35 minutes at 21 days in vitro. Field potential recordings and whole-cell current clamp electrophysiology were used to monitor the development of in vitro seizure events up to 19 days after injury. Propidium iodide uptake assays were used to examine acute cell death following injury. Glutamate exposure produced a subset of hippocampal neurons that died acutely and a larger population of injured but surviving neurons. These surviving neurons manifested spontaneous, recurrent epileptiform discharges in neural networks, characterized by paroxysmal depolarizing shifts and high frequency spiking in both field potential and intracellular recordings. This model also exhibited anticonvulsant sensitivity similar to in vivo models. Our study is the first demonstration of a chronic model of acquired epilepsy in OHSCs following a glutamate injury. This in vitro model of glutamate injury-induced epileptogenesis may help develop therapeutic strategies to prevent epileptogenesis after stroke and elucidate some of the mechanisms that underlie stroke-induced epilepsy in a more anatomically intact system.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Julie M
JM
Ziobro
Laxmikant S
LS
Deshpande
Robert J
RJ
Delorenzo
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005013:Ethosuximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009498:Neurotoxins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005013:Ethosuximide; D010672:Phenytoin; D010634:Phenobarbital