Inactivation of Salmonella spp. on tomatoes by plant molecules.
The efficacy of carvacrol (CAR), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), eugenol (EUG) and β-resorcylic acid (BR) as a wash treatment for reducing Salmonella spp. on tomatoes was investigated. Plum tomatoes inoculated with a six-serotype mixture of Salmonella (10⁸CFU) were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water (control) or deionized water containing chlorine (100 ppm), CAR (0.25 and 0.75%), TC (0.5 and 0.75%), EUG (0.25 and 0.75%), or BR (0.75 and 1.0%) for 15 sec, 1 min, and 3 min. The plant molecules were more effective (P<0.05) in reducing Salmonella on tomatoes compared to washing in water and chlorine. Both concentrations of CAR and TC, and 0.75% EUG decreased Salmonella counts on tomatoes by~6.0 log CFU/ml at 1 min. Both concentrations of BR decreased the pathogen on tomatoes to undetectable levels at 3 min of exposure. Washing of tomatoes in deionized water and chlorine for 3 min reduced Salmonella by ca. 2.0 and 4.0 log CFU/ml, respectively. No Salmonella was detected in the wash water containing the plant molecules or chlorine, whereas a substantial population of the pathogen survived in the control wash water. Moreover, none of the dipping treatments had any effect on the red color of tomatoes (P>0.05). Results indicate that CAR, TC, EUG and BR could effectively be used to kill Salmonella on tomatoes, but additional studies on sensory and quality characteristics of tomatoes treated with plant molecules are warranted.
Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Tyler E
TE
Mattson
Anup Kollanoor
AK
Johny
Mary Anne Roshni
MA
Amalaradjou
Karen
K
More
David T
DT
Schreiber
Jitu
J
Patel
Kumar
K
Venkitanarayanan
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water