Anti-ulcer activity of Cyrtocarpa procera analogous to that of Amphipterygium adstringens, both assayed on the experimental gastric injury in rats.
BACKGROUND
The bark of Amphipterygium adstringens (Aa) is commonly mixed or adulterated with the bark of Cyrtocarpa procera (Cp) and sold in Mexican markets. Aa is a well known species in Mexico used as decoction to relieve ulcers. Scientific reports reinforcing the anti-ulcer activity of Aa have been previously described, but those describing the anti-ulcer properties of Cp as a substitute for Aa in folk medicine are scarce.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate anatomical and phytochemical differences between these species, as well as to assess the anti-ulcer effect of Cp extracts in comparison to the Aa extracts.


METHODS
Anatomical micro-technique and physical and spectroscopic data were used to analyze differences between Cp and Aa. Regard to the pharmacological activity, it was assessed by using the ethanol-induced gastric damage model in rats.


RESULTS
Whereas the bark anatomy of Aa was characterized by vertical canals in the periderm and the rare occurrence of fibers in its phloem, a periderm without vertical canals and abundant fibers in the phloem were distinctive features of Cp. Phytochemical analysis allowed the identification of tirucallane, masticadienonic and 3α-hydroxymasticadienonic acids as major components in Aa, while β-amyrin and β-sitosterol were obtained from Cp. Gastric lesions observed in the control group decreased in the presence of 100mg/kg of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the normal or regenerated bark of Cp, thus resembling the anti-ulcer effect of Aa. Nevertheless, major anti-ulcer potency was observed with the most active methanol extract from Cp obtained from normal [the effective dose fifty ED(50)=45.54 mg/kg] or regenerated (ED(50)=36.68 mg/kg) bark in comparison to Aa (ED(50)=115.64 mg/kg).


CONCLUSIONS
Chemical and anatomical differences were found between these species, but since the anti-ulcer activity of Cp is similar to that shown by Aa our results reinforce the use of both species for the relief of gastric ulcer in folk medicine.
Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, J.C. Bonilla 66 y Calzada Ignacio Zaragoza, Col. Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa 09230, México, D.F., Mexico.
Hortensia
H
Rosas-Acevedo
Teresa
T
Terrazas
Ma Eva
ME
González-Trujano
Yolanda
Y
Guzmán
Marcos
M
Soto-Hernández
D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats
D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts