A novel direct equipartition ray design (EquRay) procedure for toxicity interaction between ionic liquid and dichlorvos.
OBJECTIVE
Pollutants always co-exist in the environment. Determining and characterizing the interaction among chemicals is an important issue. Experimental designs (ED) play an important role in evaluating the interactions. The main aim of our study is to provide the test and analysis of the toxicity interaction with a novel ED method.


METHODS
A novel direct equipartition ray design (EquRay) procedure was proposed to effectively and systematically determine the toxicities of binary mixtures on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. Here, one component is ionic liquid, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (IL1), 1-butylpyridinium bromide (IL2) or N-hexylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL3), and another is dichlorvos (DIC). The toxicity interaction was evaluated by comparing experiment and additive model together with three-dimension deviation response surface (DRS) analysis.


RESULTS
Selecting CA as a reference model, the binary mixtures exerted less than additive (antagonism). Most of the deviations occurred in the centre portion of the DRS where the dCA (deviation from CA) values are between -15% and -26% for IL1-DIC and IL2-DIC mixtures and -10% and -15% for IL3 and DIC. Selecting IA as a additive model, IL1-DIC and IL2-DIC mixtures exhibited less than additive (antagonism) while IL3-DIC displayed an addition action and the absolute values of dIAs (deviation from IA) were less than 10%.


CONCLUSIONS
A novel EquRay procedure was developed in this study and the EquRay can provide us with the information about the toxicity interaction between binary mixture components (such as DIC and IL) in different concentration regions across different mixture ratios.
College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, China.
Rong-Ni
RN
Dou
Shu-Shen
SS
Liu
Ling-Yun
LY
Mo
Hai-Ling
HL
Liu
Fu-Cai
FC
Deng
D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012107:Research Design; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects*
D007306:Insecticides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D004006:Dichlorvos