[Hypothetical link between endometriosis and xenobiotics-associated genetically modified food].
Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent inflammatory disease affecting 10 % of reproductive-aged women. Often accompanied by chronic pelvic pain and infertility, endometriosis rigorously interferes with women's quality of life. Although the pathophysiology of endometriosis remains unclear, a growing body of evidence points to the implication of environmental toxicants. Over the last decade, an increase in the incidence of endometriosis has been reported and coincides with the introduction of genetically modified foods in our diet. Even though assessments of genetically modified food risk have not indicated any hazard on human health, xenobiotics-associated genetically modified food, such as pesticides residues and xenoproteins, could be harmful in the long-term. The "low-dose hypothesis", accumulation and biotransformation of pesticides-associated genetically modified food and the multiplied toxicity of pesticides-formulation adjuvants support this hypothesis. This review summarizes toxic effects (in vitro and on animal models) of some xenobiotics-associated genetically modified food, such as glyphosate and Cry1Ab protein, and extrapolates on their potential role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Their roles as immune toxicants, pro-oxidants, endocrine disruptors and epigenetic modulators are discussed.
Département d'obstétrique-gynécologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. aziz.aris@usherbrooke.ca
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D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects; D057890:Epigenomics; D005260:Female; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000009:adverse effects; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015262:Xenobiotics; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis