Exogenous ochronosis--a diagnostic challenge.
Exogenous ochronosis has been reported worldwide following long-term application of skin-lightening creams that contain hydroquinone, phenol or resorcinol. This report documents six patients presenting in Singapore with greatly differing facial dyschromias and discusses the diagnostic difficulties.
Siak-Khim
SK
Tan
D044466:Asian People; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000009:adverse effects; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008548:Melanosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009794:Ochronosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000009:adverse effects
D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010636:Phenols; D012118:Resorcinols