Vasoactive intestinal peptide re-balances TREM-1/TREM-2 ratio in acute lung injury.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is one of the most plentiful neuropeptides in the lung and it has anti-inflammatory effects in the respiratory system. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2) regulate immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, we tested the expressions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in various pulmonary cell lines and/or tissue using an animal model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and determined the effects of VIP on expression of the TREM-1 and TREM-2 in lung tissues and cells from ALI mice. We found 1) expression of the TREM-1 mRNA from lung tissues of ALI was significantly increased, whereas the expression of TREM-2 mRNA was decreased in these tissues; 2) TREM-1 mRNA was only expressed in macrophages, while TREM-2 mRNA was detected in HBECs, lung fibroblasts, lung adenocarcinoma cells and macrophages; 3) the ratio of TREM-1 mRNA to TREM-2 mRNA was increased in LPS-induced lung tissues and macrophages; 4) VIP inhibited expression of the TREM-1 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner in lung cells from LPS-induced ALI mice; however, it increased expression of the TREM-2 mRNA. As a result of these effects, VIP normalized the ratio of TREM-1 to TREM-2 mRNA in these cells. Our results suggest that VIP might exert its anti-inflammatory effect through a mechanism involved in regulation of expression of the TREM-1 and TREM-2 in LPS-induced ALI.
Department of Physiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
Guo-Ying
GY
Sun
Cha-Xiang
CX
Guan
Yong
Y
Zhou
Yong-Ping
YP
Liu
Shu-Fen
SF
Li
Hui-Fang
HF
Zhou
Chun-Yan
CY
Tang
Xiang
X
Fang
D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C517262:TREM1 protein, mouse; C498716:Trem2 protein, mouse; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide