Possible role of NO modulators in protective effect of trazodone and citalopram (antidepressants) in acute immobilization stress in mice.
Stress is an aversive stimulus which disturbs physiological homeostasis and is reflected on a variety of biological systems. The present study was designed to investigate the nitric oxide mechanism in neuroprotective effect of trazodone and citalopram against acute immobilization-induced behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice. Mice were immobilized for a 6 h. Acute immobilization stress caused anxiety, hyperalgesia, impaired locomotor activity and oxidative damage. Pretreatment with trazodone and citalopram significantly reversed immobilized stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. L-arginine, pretreatment with trazodone or citalopram significantly reversed their protective effects. However, L-NAME or methylene blue pretreatment with trazodone or citalopram significantly potentiated their protective effects alone. Results suggest the involvement of nitric oxide pathways in the protective effect of trazodone and citalopram against immobilization stress induced behavioral and biochemical alterations.
Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. kumaruips@yahoo.com
Anil
A
Kumar
Ruchika
R
Garg
Vaibhav
V
Gaur
Puneet
P
Kumar
D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014196:Trazodone / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000700:Analgesics; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015283:Citalopram; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D008751:Methylene Blue; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D014196:Trazodone