Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation in mice.
Microglial activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by producing various pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). In the paper, the anti-inflammatory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 was investigated in mice intracerebroventricular injected of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). NO and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus decreased at dose-dependent manner by oral administration with Rg1. And the expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) increased in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus in LPS-injected group compared to that in control group. However, Rg1 inhibited microglial activation by suppressing Iba-1 expression. In addition, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was inhibited by Rg1. Moreover, Rg1 suppressed the phosphorylation level of IκB, nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NFκB, and phosphorylation level of p38, ERK1/2, JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced by LPS. Concluding, Rg1 inhibited the inflammation mediated by LPS by suppressing NFκB and MAPK pathway, which provided the explanation for its therapeutic effect on neurodegenerative diseases.
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jin-Feng
JF
Hu
Xiu-Yun
XY
Song
Shi-Feng
SF
Chu
Ji
J
Chen
Hai-Jie
HJ
Ji
Xiao-Yu
XY
Chen
Yu-He
YH
Yuan
Ning
N
Han
Jun-Tian
JT
Zhang
Nai-Hong
NH
Chen
D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation
D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1