Foot-and-mouth disease virus utilizes an autophagic pathway during viral replication.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the type species of the Aphthovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family. Infection of cells with positive-strand RNA viruses results in a rearrangement of intracellular membranes into viral replication complexes. The origin of these membranes remains unknown; however induction of the cellular process of autophagy is beneficial for the replication of poliovirus, suggesting that it might be advantageous for other picornaviruses. By using confocal microscopy we showed in FMDV-infected cells co-localization of non-structural viral proteins 2B, 2C and 3A with LC3 (an autophagosome marker) and viral structural protein VP1 with Atg5 (autophagy-related protein), and LC3 with LAMP-1. Importantly, treatment of FMDV-infected cell with autophagy inducer rapamycin, increased viral yield, and inhibition of autophagosomal pathway by 3-methyladenine or small-interfering RNAs, decreased viral replication. Altogether, these studies strongly suggest that autophagy may play an important role during the replication of FMDV.
Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA. vivian.odonnell@ars.usda.gov
Vivian
V
O'Donnell
Juan M
JM
Pacheco
Michael
M
LaRocco
Tom
T
Burrage
William
W
Jackson
Luis L
LL
Rodriguez
Manuel V
MV
Borca
Barry
B
Baxt
D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
D015415:Biomarkers; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering