Active commuting to school and cognitive performance in adolescents: the AVENA study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations between active commuting to school and cognitive performance in adolescents.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Five cities (Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander, and Zaragoza) in Spain.


METHODS
A total of 1700 adolescents (892 girls) aged 13 to 18.5 years.


METHODS
Mode and duration of transportation to school and participation in extracurricular physical activity were self-reported.


METHODS
Cognitive performance (verbal, numeric, and reasoning abilities and an overall score) was measured by the Spanish version of the SRA Test of Educational Ability.


RESULTS
Active commuting to school was associated with better cognitive performance (all P < .05) in girls but not in boys, independent of potential confounders including participation in extracurricular physical activity. In addition, adolescent girls who spent more than 15 minutes actively commuting to school had better scores in 3 of the 4 cognitive performance variables (all P < .05) than those who spent less time actively commuting to school (≤15 minutes) as well as better scores in all of the cognitive performance variables (all P < .001) than girls inactively commuting.


CONCLUSIONS
Active commuting to school and its duration may positively influence cognitive performance in adolescent girls.
Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. d.martinez@uam.es
David
D
Martínez-Gómez
Jonatan R
JR
Ruiz
Sonia
S
Gómez-Martínez
Palma
P
Chillón
J Pablo
JP
Rey-López
Ligia E
LE
Díaz
Ruth
R
Castillo
Oscar L
OL
Veiga
Ascension
A
Marcos
D000293:Adolescent; D001642:Bicycling / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation; D016138:Walking / Q000523:psychology