B cell responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination: pathways to preventing infection.
The B cell arm of the immune response becomes activated soon after HIV-1 transmission, yet the initial antibody response does not control HIV-1 replication, and it takes months for neutralizing antibodies to develop against the autologous virus. Antibodies that can be broadly protective are made only in a minority of subjects and take years to develop--too late to affect the course of disease. New studies of the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection, new techniques to probe the human B cell repertoire, the modest degree of efficacy in a vaccine trial and new studies of human monoclonal antibodies that represent the types of immune responses an HIV-1 vaccine should induce are collectively illuminating paths that a successful HIV-1 vaccine might take.
Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Duke Center for AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ayne002@mc.duke.edu
Barton F
BF
Haynes
M Anthony
MA
Moody
Hua-Xin
HX
Liao
Laurent
L
Verkoczy
Georgia D
GD
Tomaras
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120