Comprehensive human urine standards for comparability and standardization in clinical proteome analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Urine proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool for biomarker discovery. The purpose of this study is the development of a well-characterized "real life" sample that can be used as reference standard in urine clinical proteomics studies.


METHODS
We report on the generation of male and female urine samples that are extensively characterized by different platforms and methods (CE-MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, 1-D gel analysis in combination with nano-LC MS/MS (using LTQ-FT ultra), and 2-DE-MS) for their proteome and peptidome. In several cases analysis involved a definition of the actual biochemical entities, i.e. proteins/peptides associated with molecular mass and detected PTMs and the relative abundance of these compounds.


RESULTS
The combination of different technologies allowed coverage of a wide mass range revealing the advantages and complementarities of the different technologies. Application of these samples in "inter-laboratory" and "inter-platform" data comparison is also demonstrated.


CONCLUSIONS
These well-characterized urine samples are freely available upon request to enable data comparison especially in the context of biomarker discovery and validation studies. It is also expected that they will provide the basis for the comprehensive characterization of the urinary proteome.
Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany.
Harald
H
Mischak
Walter
W
Kolch
Michalis
M
Aivaliotis
David
D
Bouyssié
Magali
M
Court
Hassan
H
Dihazi
Gry H
GH
Dihazi
Julia
J
Franke
Jérôme
J
Garin
Anne
A
Gonzalez de Peredo
Alexander
A
Iphöfer
Lothar
L
Jänsch
Chrystelle
C
Lacroix
Manousos
M
Makridakis
Christophe
C
Masselon
Jochen
J
Metzger
Bernard
B
Monsarrat
Michal
M
Mrug
Martin
M
Norling
Jan
J
Novak
Andreas
A
Pich
Andrew
A
Pitt
Erik
E
Bongcam-Rudloff
Justyna
J
Siwy
Hitoshi
H
Suzuki
Visith
V
Thongboonkerd
Li-Shun
LS
Wang
Jérôme
J
Zoidakis
Petra
P
Zürbig
Joost P
JP
Schanstra
Antonia
A
Vlahou
D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards
D015415:Biomarkers