Chiral separation by enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction.
The literature on enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction (ELLE) spans more than half a century of research. Nonetheless, a comprehensive overview has not appeared during the past few decades. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is a technology of interest for a wide range of chemists and chemical engineers in the fields of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances and foods. In this review the principles and advances of resolution through enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction are discussed, starting with an introduction on the principles of enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction including host-guest chemistry, extraction and phase transfer mechanisms, and multistage liquid-liquid extraction processing. Then the literature on enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction systems is reviewed, structured on extractant classes. The following extractant classes are considered: crown ether based extractants, metal complexes and metalloids, extractants based on tartrates, and a final section with all other types of chiral extractants.
University of Groningen, Chemical Engineering Department, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Boelo
B
Schuur
Bastiaan J V
BJ
Verkuijl
Adriaan J
AJ
Minnaard
Johannes G
JG
de Vries
Hero J
HJ
Heeres
Ben L
BL
Feringa
D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D044367:Phase Transition; D013237:Stereoisomerism