Comparison of tiotropium plus formoterol to tiotropium alone in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
It is not clear whether combination therapy with tiotropium plus formoterol has greater efficacy, without increasing the burden of adverse events, compared with tiotropium alone. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in efficacy and adverse events associated with combination therapy compared with tiotropium alone, in patients with stable COPD.


METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane trials database were searched for this analysis. Randomized controlled trials of 2 or more weeks of treatment with tiotropium plus formoterol or arformoterol, compared with tiotropium alone, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to yield odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD), with 95% confidence interval (CI).


RESULTS
Eight trials, involving 1868 randomized patients, met the inclusion criteria. Treatment with tiotropium plus formoterol significantly improved the average FEV(1) (WMD 105 mL, 95% CI: 69-142), average FVC (WMD 135 mL, 95% CI: 96-174) and trough FEV(1) (WMD 53 mL, 95% CI: 30-76), compared with tiotropium alone, although the difference was not statistically significant for trough FVC. The mean change in transitional dyspnoea index (TDI) was markedly greater with tiotropium plus formoterol (WMD 1.50, 95% CI: 1.01-1.99) than with tiotropium alone, and there was a similar difference in the proportion of patients with a clinically significant change in TDI (OR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.58-3.46). There tended to be fewer adverse events and COPD exacerbations with tiotropium plus formoterol, compared with tiotropium alone, but the differences were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Tiotropium plus formoterol significantly improved lung function and symptom scores compared with tiotropium alone. There was a trend towards a reduction in adverse events, although the difference was not statistically significant. Long-term trials are necessary to evaluate the effects of tiotropium plus formoterol and to clarify the role of combination therapy, compared with tiotropium alone.
Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jianmiao
J
Wang
Di
D
Jin
Peng
P
Zuo
Tao
T
Wang
Yongjian
Y
Xu
Weining
W
Xiong
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide
D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide