Ischemia/reperfusion in rat: antioxidative effects of enoant on EEG, oxidative stress and inflammation.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether enoant, which is rich in polyphenols, has any effect on electroencephalogram (EEG), oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.


METHODS
Ischemia was induced by 2-hour occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery. Animals orally received enoant. Group 1 was the ischemic control group. Group 2 was treated with enoant of 1.25 g kg⁻¹ per day for 15 days after I/R. Group 3 received the same concentration of enoant as in group 2 for 15 days before and after I/R. Group 4 was the sham operation group. EEG activities were recorded and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, TBARS and GSH were measured in the whole brain homogenate.


RESULTS
There were significant changes in EEG activity in groups treated with enoant either before or after ischemia when compared with their basal EEG values. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly increased after I/R. GSH levels in group 3 treated with enoant in both pre- and post-ischemic periods were significantly increased and TBARS concentration was decreased compared with the ischemic group.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings support that both pre-ischemic and post-ischemic administrations of enoant might produce neuroprotective action against cerebral ischemia.
Department of Neuroscience, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ihsan
I
Kara
Asiye
A
Nurten
Makbule
M
Aydin
Elif
E
Özkök
Ilknur
I
Özen
Bilge
B
Özerman
Sevilcan
S
Tuna
Sacit
S
Karamürsel
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants