The temporal and spatial expression patterns of ABCG2 in the developing human heart.
BACKGROUND
The discovery that the adult heart is not a terminally differentiated organ and contains stem/progenitor cells has important implications for the development of cellular therapeutics to treat heart disease. Moreover the discovery of cardiac stem cells might be important in furthering our understanding of both normal and abnormal cardiac development and yet little is known about these cell populations in the developing human heart, which we have focused on in this study.


METHODS
The presence of ABCG2 and islet-1 expressing cells in human heart was determined using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR (and western blotting for ABCG2). Cardiac SP cells were isolated using FACS. Co-localisation immunohistochemistry was used to determine if ABCG2 positive cells expressed other known stem/progenitor cell, endothelial markers or cardiac markers.


RESULTS
We observed that ABCG2 expressing cells show a difference in both their temporal and spatial patterns of expression from Islet-1 expressing cardiac progenitors. We identified rare cells that expressed both ABCG2 and markers of other cell lineages including CD31, CD34 and alpha-actinin. We also noted the presence of cells that only expressed ABCG2. We isolated cardiac SP cells and confirmed the SP cell phenotype.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the developing human heart contains at least two distinct cardiac stem/progenitor cell populations one of which, the ABCG2 positive cells, can be readily isolated, suggesting that this tissue could be a useful source of cardiac stem cells.
Institute of Cellular Medicine, 3rd Floor William Leech Building, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Marah
M
Alfakir
Nicholas
N
Dawe
Rachel
R
Eyre
Alison
A
Tyson-Capper
Kelly
K
Britton
Stephen C
SC
Robson
Annette P
AP
Meeson
D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013997:Time Factors
C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins