Gender-specific differences in the urinary expression of aldosterone, IL-1α and IL-1β.
OBJECTIVE
This pilot investigation examined the possibility of using urine specimens to explore the difference between the expression of several biomarkers based on gender. These biomarkers include several associated with cardiac damage, oxidative stress and inflammation.


METHODS
Urine specimens were assayed for total protein, aldosterone, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase and IL-1α and -1β using ELISA.


RESULTS
We observed significant differences between the sexes for aldosterone and IL-1α and -1β.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of gender-based differences in the urinary expression of these biomarkers may be important for establishing normal baseline values in males and females, and may prove to be of value in the development of rapid noninvasive ways to assess inflammatory and oxidative injury during routine urinalysis.
Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of South Florida College of Public Health,13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 56, Tampa, FL, USA. mbourgeo@health.usf.edu
Marie M
MM
Bourgeois
Ira S
IS
Richards
D000450:Aldosterone / Q000652:urine*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000652:urine*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000450:Aldosterone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine; D009195:Peroxidase