Laboratory simulations of lidar returns from clouds.
The results of lidar measurements on laboratory-scaled cloud models are presented. The lidar system was based on a picosecond laser source and a streak camera. The cloud was simulated by a homogeneous aqueous suspension of calibrated microspheres. Measurements were repeated for different concentrations of diffusers and for different values of the receiver angular field of view. The geometric situation was similar to one of an actual lidar sounding a 300-m-thick cloud at a distance of 1200 or 7800 m. The results show how the effect of multiple scattering depends on the extinction coefficient of the sounded medium and on the geometric parameters. The depolarization introduced by multiple scattering was also investigated. Measurements were carried out in well-controlled conditions. The results can thus be useful to validate the accuracy of numerical or analytical procedures that have been developed to study multiple-scattering contribution in lidar returns.
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Gai
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Gurioli
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Bruscaglioni
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Ismaelli
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Zaccanti