Diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis: differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
Although many studies have appeared about diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis, few have compared periodontitis inflammatory markers between type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and information regarding this issue is scarce and contradictory. We evaluated the levels of plasma C-reactive protein and of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid in two groups of subjects affected by T1DM and T2DM, in order to identify possible differences between the two classes in the inflammatory mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis.


METHODS
Plasma C-reactive protein and gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in periodontitis patients affected by type 1 (P-T1DM, n = 24) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (P-T2DM, n = 24).


RESULTS
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in P-T1DM subjects were significantly higher than in P-T2DM subjects. In P-T1DM subjects, we found significant negative correlations between the duration of diabetes mellitus and IL-1β and between the duration of diabetes mellitus and TNF-α.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that IL-1β and TNF-α levels in periodontitis patients with T1DM are affected by the duration of diabetes mellitus.
Division of Periodontology, Department of Clinical and Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
S D
SD
Aspriello
A
A
Zizzi
G
G
Tirabassi
E
E
Buldreghini
T
T
Biscotti
E
E
Faloia
D
D
Stramazzotti
M
M
Boscaro
M
M
Piemontese
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein