Analysis of the midface, focusing on the nose: an anthropometric study in young Koreans.
Improvements in both living standards and incomes have meant that many more people are now able to undergo elective plastic surgery for facial improvement. The nose and midface are the most frequent surgical target in Korea. However, the lack of reliable and precise anthropological data is a hindrance for effective surgical applications in this area. In the current study, 21 different lengths and angles of the midface and nose were measured in 2065 volunteers. The data were analyzed to establish sex and racial differences. Most of the measurements obtained from male volunteers were 5% to 10% greater than for the females, exceptions being the nasofrontal, nasolabial, and nasal tip angles. The biggest sex difference was found for depth of pupil, and the smallest difference was for intercanthal distance. For each measurement, the ratio of proportional differences was similar to that for whites. Many Koreans exhibited a columella protrusion of 4 to 5 mm; that parameter measures 2 to 3 mm in whites. The prevention of a hanging columella is important in nasal tip surgery. The intercanthal distance was also relatively large compared with the facial width. In females, the intercanthal distance was similar to the length of the nasal dorsum and the width of the nose. Surgeons may find this analysis useful for surgical planning. The present study provides basic clues for planning and practice in reconstructive and aesthetic facial surgery.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
Soon Heum
SH
Kim
Euna
E
Whang
Hyun Gon
HG
Choi
Dong Hyeok
DH
Shin
Ki Il
KI
Uhm
Hong
H
Chung
Wu-Chul
WC
Song
Ki-Seok
KS
Koh
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007498:Iris / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010781:Photography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult