Risk factor frequency for learning disabilities in low socioeconomic level preschool children in Mexico city.
The objective was to identify the frequency of risk factors for Learning Disabilities (LD) in low socioeconomic level children in Mexico City. We studied children by means of: Wechsler, Bender-Gestalt, and Human drawing tests. Average age of male subjects was 5.6±0.9 years, while that of the female group was 5.4±0.5 years. In male subjects, average Total intelligence quotient (T-IQ) score was 98±12.2 while, in the female group, this was 99±12.2. On the Bender-Gestalt test, male subjects had a mental and visual-motor average age of <1 year under chronological age. Female subjects had a mental and visual-motor age 8-7 months under the norm. On the Human drawing test, in male and female subjects, the most frequent at-risk features comprised: self-isolation in 25% of subjects, shyness in 22.4%, and poor internal controls in 22%. In conclusion, we found a high at-risk factor frequency for LD in children of low socioeconomic strata. We highlight the importance of screening children before they attain school age.
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico City OJO, Mexico. drthinner@starmedia.com
Elizabeth
E
Zambrano-Sánchez
María
M
del Consuelo Martínez-Wbaldo
Adrián
A
Poblano
D000367:Age Factors; D001538:Bender-Gestalt Test; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008800:Mexico; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors