A study on lowering the detection limit with solid-state lead-selective electrodes.
The detection limit of a Pb(2+) ion-selective electrode with a solid state (PbS/Ag(2)S) membrane was successfully lowered to the nanomolar range. The electrode was applied in direct potentiometric determination of Pb(2+) in aqueous solutions. Hydrodynamics, redox reaction at the solid-state surface as well as time dependency were investigated and found as key factors affecting the low detection limit. By optimizing these parameters improving detection limit by ca. three orders of magnitude was achieved.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology ProSens, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Åbo, Finland.
Grzegorz
G
Lisak
Tomasz
T
Sokalski
Johan
J
Bobacka
Leo
L
Harju
Andrzej
A
Lewenstam
D002138:Calibration; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012995:Solubility
D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D007854:Lead