Pediatric sialendoscopy under local anesthesia: limitations and potentials.
OBJECTIVE
Sialendoscopy in children is a recently described procedure. The small amount of existed literature presents the procedure under general anesthesia. We report our experience on pediatric sialendoscopy under local anesthesia at an outpatient setting.


METHODS
In a period of 1.5 years 9 children with age >8 years suffering from recurrent parotid swellings were assessed with sialendoscopy. In 8 out of 9 cases the parents accepted a procedure under local anesthesia. In 7 cases the procedure was completed uneventfully however in one case was discontinued and repeated under general anesthesia. The endoscope used was a 1.1mm Marchal type. Prior to endoscopy xylocaine solution 4% was applied on the papilla area for 15min. Intraductal injection of xylocaine 2% (5ml) was performed prior the insertion of the endoscope. During the procedure parents evaluated pain by means of a 6-point smiley scale. Social life and school activity were also evaluated by means of an 11-point scale pre- and 1 year post-sialendoscopy.


RESULTS
Seven out of eight children (8 sialendoscopies) tolerated and completed the sialendoscopy assessment. The mean duration of the procedure was 39.2min. No major complications were reported at the early post-endoscopy period. Four children presented no further swellings, two experienced one recurrence and one needed a repeat sialendoscopy (3 recurrent episodes). Sialendoscopy findings showed fibrinous debris in 4 children, mucous plugs in 2, evidence of sialodochitis with purulent debris in one child and stenosis in 3 children. The diagnosis in our cases was Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis in 6 children and chronic microbial parotitis in one case. Social life and school activity were improved in 6 children 1-year post-sialendoscopy according to parent's ratings.


CONCLUSIONS
Sialendoscopy under local anesthesia can be an alternative option in children of age >8 years and satisfactory cooperative skills, avoiding unnecessary general anesthesias and hospital stay.
Sialendoscopy Clinic, 2nd ORL Department, Aristotle University, Papageorgiou Hospital, Ring Road, Efkarpia, Thessaloniki 56403, Greece. jordan_orl@hotmail.com
I
I
Konstantinidis
A
A
Chatziavramidis
E
E
Tsakiropoulou
H
H
Malliari
J
J
Constantinidis
D000293:Adolescent; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010309:Parotitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D012793:Sialadenitis / Q000175:diagnosis*
D008012:Lidocaine