Carbohydrate intake, glycemic load, glycemic index, and risk of ovarian cancer.
BACKGROUND
Our objective was to determine the relationship between dietary glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), carbohydrate intake, and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based case-control study.


METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic and lifestyle factors, and a food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information from 1366 women with ovarian cancer and 1414 population controls.


RESULTS
GL was positively associated with ovarian cancer. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of intake was 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.55, P for trend = 0.03]. Fiber intake was inversely associated with risk. The OR comparing women in the highest fiber-intake group with those in the lowest was 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98, P for trend = 0.11). We found no association between GI, carbohydrate intake, and ovarian cancer. In analyses stratified by body mass index, the risk estimates for GL, carbohydrate, and sugar were higher among overweight/obese women; however, the interaction term was only significant for sugar (P for interaction = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that diets with a high GL may increase the risk of ovarian cancer, particularly among overweight/obese women, and a high intake of fiber may provide modest protection.
Gynaecological Cancer Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: Christina.Nagle@qimr.edu.au.
C M
CM
Nagle
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
F
F
Kolahdooz
Gynaecological Cancer Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
T I
TI
Ibiebele
Cancer Control Group.
C M
CM
Olsen
Cancer Control Group.
P H
PH
Lahmann
Cancer and Population Studies Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
A C
AC
Green
Gynaecological Cancer Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
P M
PM
Webb
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber