title: [Paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: report of 5 cases and review of the literature].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the diagnosis and treatment of paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (PER).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 5 cases of PER treated from 1997 to 2009 and reviewed the relevant literature, focusing on its clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5 cases of PER, 2 involving the spermatic cord, 2 the testis and 1 the tunica vaginalis, were all treated by radical orchiectomy. Pathologically, 2 cases were classified as stage I, 1 as stage II and 2 as stage IV. Postoperatively, 2 of the patients received chemotherapy and the other 3 refused adjunctive therapy. The patients were followed up for 6, 12, 18 and 28 months, respectively. Four of them remained free from relapse and metastasis, and 1 stage IV patient died of multiple metastasis at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis, radical orchiectomy and adjunctive chemo- or radio-therapy are effective means to the treatment of PER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Peoples Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China. 2008yangguosheng@sina.com
authors.forename: Guo-sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Li-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Bai-chuan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui-lun
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: You-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shen-yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms