title: Radiopacity evaluation of calcium aluminate cement containing different radiopacifying agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) with 3 different radiopacifiers (bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, or zirconium oxide) in comparison with gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA), white MTA, and dental structures (enamel and dentin).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen test specimens of each cement with thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm (n = 3) were made by using a stainless steel matrix and were adapted to a standardizing device (8 × 7 cm) with a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 2.0-16.0 mm in thickness. To compare the radiopacity of the cements with that of dental structures, slices of first molars with a thickness increasing from 0.5-3.0 mm were obtained and placed on the standardizing device. One occlusal radiograph for each tested cement was taken, with exposure time of 0.1 seconds and focus-film distance of 20 cm. Films were processed in an automatic device, and the mean radiopacity values were obtained by using a photodensitometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values showed that the thicker the specimen was, the greater was its radiopacity. Only EndoBinder + bismuth oxide (EBBO) and GMTA demonstrated radiopacity values greater than 3.0 mm of the aluminum scale for all thicknesses. When zinc oxide was used as radiopacifier agent, EndoBinder only reached the desired radiopacity with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and with zirconium oxide it was 2.5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bismuth oxide was the most efficient radiopacifier for EndoBinder, providing adequate radiopacity in all studied thicknesses, as recommended by ISO 6876, being similar to GMTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano Gamero
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
authors.initials: Lda F
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Hebert Luis
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rossetto
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pardini
authors.forename: Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
authors.initials: Fde C
authors.lastname: Pires-de-Souza
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003804:Dentin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D000068437:Pemetrexed; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; C557697:EndoBinder; D005971:Glutamates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D000068437:Pemetrexed; C035219:calcium aluminate; D006147:Guanine; C033301:bismuth oxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth