title: Ultranear testing in accommodative esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if patients with accommodative esotropia controlled with glasses maintain ocular alignment at viewing distances less than 1/3 m.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty children with refractive-type accommodative esotropia were evaluated for ocular alignment at 6 m, 1/3 m, and 1/6 m ("ultranear") using accommodative targets. Ten children without strabismus served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of 30 (93%) of children with otherwise controlled accommodative esotropia exhibited a manifest deviation of 5(Δ) to 16(Δ) when measured at ultranear. Excessive accommodation appeared to be present in at least some accommodative esotropes. Regardless of viewing distance, esophoria or esotropia was not elicited in control patients (P <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with refractive accommodation esotropia demonstrate excess convergence at very close testing distances. Excess accommodation may partly explain this observation.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cornetet
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hutchinson