title: Metabolomics of gastric cancer metastasis detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metastasis and to identify the metabolomic markers of gastric cancer metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric tumors from metastatic and non-metastatic groups were used in this study. Metabolites and different metabolic patterns were analyzed by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and principal components analysis (PCA), respectively. Differentiation performance was validated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine metabolites were differentially expressed in animal models of human gastric cancer. Of the 29 metabolites, 20 were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated in metastasis group compared to non-metastasis group. PCA models from the metabolite profiles could differentiate the metastatic from the non-metastatic specimens with an AUC value of 1.0. These metabolites were mainly involved in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis (lactic acid, alaline), serine metabolism (serine, phosphoserine), proline metabolism (proline), glutamic acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinate, malic acid), nucleotide metabolism (pyrimidine), fatty acid metabolism (docosanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid), and methylation(glycine). The serine and proline metabolisms were highlighted during the progression of metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proline and serine metabolisms play an important role in metastasis. The metabolic profiling of tumor tissue can provide new biomarkers for the treatment of gastric cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. wqq_021002@163.com
authors.forename: Jin-Lian
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jun-Duo
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor