title: Effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma on cell viability and collagen synthesis in injured human anterior cruciate ligament.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-rich plasma is a fraction of plasma in which platelets are concentrated. It is reported to represent a source of multiple growth factors that promote tissue repair. In anticipation of the eventual testing of platelet-rich plasma in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient patients, we examined the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on human ACL cell function in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh blood and ACL remnants were obtained from four patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery. Platelet-poor plasma and platelet-rich plasma were prepared from the blood samples. The concentrations of various growth factors in each preparation were tested with use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Isolated ACL cells were cultured in the presence of 5% fetal bovine serum, 5% platelet-poor clot releasate, 5% platelet-rich clot releasate, or 10% platelet-rich clot releasate. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma releasates were applied to the ACL cells from the same patient autologously. Cell viability and collagen synthesis in each group were analyzed, and semiquantitative gene-expression assays for type-I and III collagen were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of the main growth factors (transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) were much higher in platelet-rich clot releasate than in platelet-poor clot releasate. In vitro treatment of ACL cells with platelet-rich clot releasate resulted in a significant increase in cell number compared with platelet-poor clot releasate. Total collagen production by the platelet-rich clot releasate-treated cells was significantly higher than that of the platelet-poor clot releasate-treated cells only because of enhanced cell proliferation. There was no significant effect of platelet-rich clot releasate treatment on gene expression for type-I collagen, but expression of type-III collagen was significantly enhanced by the treatment with platelet-rich clot releasate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that autologous platelet-rich plasma can enhance ACL cell viability and function in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Louay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fallouh
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasho
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Sota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hideshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D003094:Collagen