title: α-Synuclein and DJ-1 as potential biological fluid biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common form of movement disorder and affects approximately 4% of the population aged over 80 years old. Currently, PD cannot be prevented or cured, and no single diagnostic biomarkers are available. Notably, recent studies suggest that two familial PD-linked molecules, α-synuclein and DJ-1, are present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and that their levels may be altered during the progression of PD. In this regard, sensitive and accurate methods for evaluation of α-synuclein and DJ-1 levels in the CSF and blood have been developed, and the results suggest that the levels of both molecules are significantly decreased in the CSF in patients with PD compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, specific detection and quantification of neurotoxic oligometric forms of α-synuclein in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays might be expected as potential peripheral biomarkers for PD, although further validation is required. Currently, neither α-synuclein nor DJ-1 is satisfactory as a single biomarker for PD, but combinatory evaluation of these biological fluid molecules with other biomarkers and imaging techniques may provide reliable information for diagnosis of PD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, 183-8526, Japan; E-Mails: sekiyama-kz@igakuken.or.jp (K.S.); sekigawa-ak@igakuken.or.jp (A.S.); takamatsu-ys@igakuken.or.jp (Y.T.); fujita-ms@igakuken.or.jp (M.F.); hashimoto-mk@igakuken.or.jp (M.H.).
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waragai
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekigawa
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; C105131:PARK7 protein, human; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1