title: Adiponectin and bone metabolism markers in female rowers: eumenorrheic and oral contraceptive users.
abstract: This study investigated whether adiponectin, bone formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption [type I carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP)] values are influenced by menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use in female rowers. Twenty-four rowers divided into normally cycling athletes (NOC; no.=15) and athletes taking oral contraceptive pills (OC; no.=9) participated in this study. Fasting blood samples, body composition and aerobic capacity measurements were taken during the follicular (FP) and the luteal (LP) phases of the menstrual cycle. Adiponectin, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, body composition and aerobic capacity did not fluctuate significantly during menstrual cycle in both groups. Osteocalcin and ICTP were lower (p<0.05) in OC compared with NOC, but did not change significantly across menstrual cycle phases in both groups. Estradiol and progesterone were not related to adiponectin, osteocalcin or ICTP (r<0.147; p>0.05). Adiponectin was correlated (p<0.05) with osteocalcin (r=0.452) and fat free mass (r=0.428), and osteocalcin was related (p<0.05) to insulin (r=-0.413), glucose (r=-0.486) and insulin resistance (r=-0.528). In conclusion, adiponectin was not affected by menstrual cycle phase and OC use in female rowers, while bone metabolism markers were lower in OC compared to NOC groups. Adiponectin and osteocalcin were interrelated and may characterise energy homeostasis in female athletes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Centre of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, 18. Ülikooli St, Tartu 50090, Estonia. jaakj@ut.ee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaiksaar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäestu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Purge
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jürimäe
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D015675:Osteocalcin