title: Xanthine oxidase inhibitory triterpenoid and phloroglucinol from guttiferaceous plants inhibit growth and induced apoptosis in human NTUB1 cells through a ROS-dependent mechanism.
abstract: A known triterpenoid, β-amyrin (1), and a known and a new phloroglucinol, cohulupone (2) and garcinielliptone P (3), were isolated from the pericarp and heartwood and seed of Garcinia subelliptica, respectively. A new xanthonolignoid, hyperielliptone HF (4), was isolated from the heartwood of Hypericum geminiflorum. The new compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 showed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase (XO). Treatment of NTUB1, a human bladder cancer cell, with 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin for 24 h resulted in a decreased viability of cells. Exposure of NTUB1 to 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin for 24 h significantly increased the level of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment of NTUB1 with 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin led to the cell cycle arrest, accompanied by an increase in the extent of apoptotic cell death in 1 or 1 combined with cisplatin-treated NTUB1 after 24 h. These data suggested that the presentation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in 1 or 1 combined with cisplatin-treated NTUB1 for 24 h was mediated through an increased amount of ROS in cells exposed to 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A-Mei
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huang-Yao
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Ling-Yi
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chien-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tzyh-Chyuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hour
authors.forename: Shyh-Chyun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yeong-Shiau
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: Chun-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029760:Garcinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D010696:Phloroglucinol; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C036380:beta-amyrin; D002945:Cisplatin