title: Type of alcohol drink and exposure to violence: an emergency department study.
abstract: We compared the prevalence of exposure to violence across different types of alcohol consumed and the association between the type of alcohol consumed and exposure to violence. A cross-sectional analysis of data collected from a sample of 295 Emergency Department (ED) patients identified as having an alcohol problem. Outcome measure include exposure to violence, and the main study predictor was "type of alcoholic drink" including: malt liquor beer (MLB), regular beer, wine cooler, wine, fortified wine or hard liquor. Using logistic regression analysis, ED patients who drank MLB in combination with other types of alcohol increased their odds of being both threatened and physically attacked by 8.5 compared to ED patients who drank other types of alcohol. Being female increased the odds of being both threatened and physically attacked by 2.5 and using illicit drugs increased the odds by 3.8. Analysis of covariance and estimated marginal means revealed that ED patients who only drank MLB had a higher exposure to violence compared to non-MLB drinkers, and that female illicit drug users who drank MLB in combination with other types of alcohol had the highest exposure to violence. MLB was identified as a predictor of the amount of exposure to violence and in particular, that the use of malt liquor beer in combination with other types of alcohol increased the risk of being both threatened and physically attacked. Implications for ED and community interventions are suggested.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. cchavira@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chavira
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bazargan-Hejazi
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Homero E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: del Pino
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazargan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001515:Beer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014920:Wine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult