title: Relative position of the mandibular foramen in different age groups of children: a radiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relative position of the mandibular foramen (MF) and to evaluate the measurement of gonial angle (GoA) and its relationship with distances between different mandibular borders in growing children between 3 and 13 years of dental age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiographs were traced to arrive at six linear and two angular measurements from which the relative position of the MF was assessed and compared in different age groups to determine the growth pattern of the mandible and changes in the location of the MF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distances between the MF and the anterior plane of the ramus were greater than that between MF and posterior plane of the ramus through all stages. There was a maximum increase in the vertical dimensions of the mandible compared with the horizontal dimensions, particularly in the late mixed dentition period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mandible and its growth did not alter the position of the MF, both vertically and horizontally, in relation to different landmarks, and more obtuse GoA indicated an increased growth potential of the mandible. This has major implications in the inferior alveolar nerve block technique when used in children.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Poonacha
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shigli
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Indushekar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric