title: Antiurolithiatic activity of Pinus eldarica medw: fruits aqueous extract in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Pinus eldarica fruit on induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats was induced by administering ethylene glycol 1% for 30 days via drinking water. The prophylactic and therapeutic groups received P. eldarica fruit extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) as well for 30 days and from the 14th day through the end of the experiment, respectively. The following variables were assessed; urine volume, urinary calcium excretion, and crystalluria. Finally, rats' kidneys were histopathologically examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aqueous extract prophylactic treatment (500 mg/kg/day) increased urinary calcium excretion. Qualitative analysis of crystalluria and histopathologic examination showed that the administered dose of extract prevented stone formation in the kidneys significantly. The prophylactic treatment did not increase urine volume in comparison with ethylene glycol. Stone formation did not decrease in the treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that P. eldarica fruit extract prevents calcium oxalate deposition, without producing diuresis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. hosseinzadehh@mums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.forename: Ali-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khooei
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khashayarmanesh
authors.forename: Vahideh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Motamed-Shariaty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028201:Pinaceae; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014556:Urine; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D002118:Calcium