title: Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes.
abstract: It has long been believed that an intake of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) alleviates diabetic pathological conditions. However, it is still controversial whether the beneficial effect is insulin-dependent or insulin-mimetic. This study was aimed at determining the insulin-independent effect of cinnamon. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into four groups and orally administered with an aqueous cinnamon extract (CE) for 22 d. The diabetic rats that had taken CE at a dose of more than 30 mg/kg/d were rescued from their hyperglycemia and nephropathy, and these rats were found to have upregulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in their brown adipose tissues as well as in their muscles. This was verified by using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in which CE upregulates GLUT4 translocation and increases the glucose uptake. CE exhibited its anti-diabetic effect independently from insulin by at least two mechanisms: i) upregulation of mitochondrial UCP-1, and ii) enhanced translocation of GLUT4 in the muscle and adipose tissues.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Misato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Taiichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Toyohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ariga
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; C000604373:Ucp1 protein, rat; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D014867:Water