title: Reapplication improves the amount of sunscreen, not its regularity, under real life conditions.
abstract: The sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens is determined using samples applied with a thickness of 2 mg cm(-2). Sunscreen users, however, typically apply sunscreen nonuniformly and in smaller amounts. The objective of our study was to verify whether sunscreen reapplication increases the amount and regularity of the product on the skin. Volunteers were asked to apply an SPF 6 sunscreen on their forearms and reapply it 30 min later on one forearm. Tape-strips were used to collect five samples from two different sites on each forearm. The concentration of benzophenone-3 in the samples was measured and the total amount of sunscreen was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The median amount of sunscreen film was 0.43 mg cm(-2) (0.17-1.07) after one application and 0.95 mg cm(-2) (0.18-1.91) after two applications (P = 0.002). No significant difference was found in the film uniformity. Though sunscreen reapplication increases the amount of product on the skin, levels are still lower than the recommended amount, confirming that the protection level is less than the product-stated SPF. Our results are the first in the literature to support the recommendation for reapplying sunscreens. Based on our results, we recommend that sunscreens be labeled using qualitative measures.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil. damiedv@gmail.com
authors.forename: Damiê
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Villa
authors.forename: Aline Rodrigues da Silva
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nagatomi
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paese
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guterres
authors.forename: Tania Ferreira
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cestari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019233:Retreatment; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents