title: Outcome evaluation of ankle osteoarthritis treatments: plantar pressure analysis during relatively long-distance walking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to use plantar pressure analysis in relatively long-distance walking for objective outcome evaluation of ankle osteoarthritis treatments, i.e., ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven subjects in four groups: three patient groups and controls, participated in the study. Each subject walked twice in 50-m trials. Plantar pressure under the pathological foot was measured using pressure insoles. Six parameters: initial contact time, terminal contact time, maximum force time, peak pressure time, maximum force and peak pressure were calculated and averaged over trials in ten regions of foot. The parameters in each region were compared between patient groups and controls and their effect size was estimated. Besides, the correlations between pressure parameters and clinical scales were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed based on temporal parameters that patients postpone the heel-off event, when high force in forefoot and high ankle moment happens. Also based on maximum force and peak pressure, the patients apply smoothened maximum forces on the affected foot. In ten regions, some parameters showed improvements after total ankle replacement, some showed alteration of foot function after ankle arthrodesis and some others showed still abnormality after both surgical treatments. These parameters showed also significant correlation with clinical scales in at least two regions of foot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plantar pressure parameters in relatively long-distance trials showed to be strong tools for outcome evaluation of ankle osteoarthritis treatments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. hossein.rouhani@epfl.ch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rouhani
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Crevoisier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Favre
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aminian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology*; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods; D058737:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011312:Pressure; D016138:Walking