title: Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in adults: the use of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) module 4.
abstract: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) module 4 was investigated in an independent sample of high-functioning adult males with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to three specific diagnostic groups: schizophrenia, psychopathy, and typical development. ADOS module 4 proves to be a reliable instrument with good predictive value. It can adequately discriminate ASD from psychopathy and typical development, but is less specific with respect to schizophrenia due to behavioral overlap between autistic and negative symptoms. However, these groups differ on some core items and explorative analyses indicate that a revision of the algorithm in line with Gotham et al. (J Autism Dev Disord 37: 613-627, 2007) could be beneficial for discriminating ASD from schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Social Brain Lab, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands. j.bastiaansen@med.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Jojanneke A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bastiaansen
authors.forename: Harma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meffert
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ketelaars
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pijnenborg
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minderaa
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keysers
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Bildt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult