title: TTF-1 regulates α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in proximal and distal lung epithelium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels comprised of five similar subunits that influence signal transduction and cell turnover. α5 is a structural subunit detected in many non-neuronal tissues; however, its function during pulmonary development is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  α5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in mouse lungs from embryonic day (E)13.5 to post-natal day (PN)20. From E13.5 to E18.5, α5 expression was primarily observed in primitive airway epithelial cells while mesenchymal expression was faint and sporadic. α5 expression was detected throughout the proximal lung at PN1 and extensively expressed in the peripheral lung at PN4, an early stage of murine alveologenesis. An interesting shift occurred wherein α5 expression was almost undetectable in the proximal lung from PN4-PN10, but significant localization was again observed at PN20. Transcriptional control of α5 was determined by assessing the activity of reporters containing 2.0-kb and 850-bp of the mouse α5 promoter. Because perinatal expression of α5 was abundant in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, we assessed transcriptional control of α5 in Beas2B cells, a human bronchiolar epithelial cell line, and A-549 cells, an alveolar type II cell-like human epithelial cell line. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1), a key transcription regulator of pulmonary morphogenesis, significantly increased α5 transcription by acting on both the 2.0-kb and 850-bp α5 promoters. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that TTF-1 activated α5 transcription by binding specific TTF-1 response elements. Exogenous TTF-1 also significantly induced α5 transcription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that α5 is specifically controlled in a temporal and spatial manner during pulmonary morphogenesis. Ongoing research may demonstrate that precise regulation of α5 is important during normal organogenesis and misexpression correlates with tobacco related lung disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA. paul_reynolds@byu.edu
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Camille H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Willnauer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009024:Morphogenesis; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D014157:Transcription Factors; C504004:Ttf1 protein, mouse; C523972:CHRNA5 protein, mouse