title: Influenza vaccination for terminally ill cancer patients receiving palliative care: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer patients have impaired humoral and cellular immunity, and are more susceptible to infections; their immunological response is expected to be less effective than that of healthy people.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the immune response to influenza vaccine in terminally ill cancer patients in a home palliative care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the fall of 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007, terminally ill cancer patients treated by our home palliative care unit were vaccinated against influenza with Vaxigrip(®). Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination. Influenza immunological response parameters accepted in the literature were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen terminal cancer patients were vaccinated against influenza strains predicted for that year; 13 completed the study. The other five patients died within less than a month from the time of vaccination. The serum protection rate increased from 15.4% before to 61.5% after vaccination, and the serum response rate was 53.8% for all the three strains of vaccination. Mean-fold increase was 24.9 for influenza A-H1N1, 15.4 for influenza A-H3N2, and 2.8 for influenza B. Geometric mean titer was increased for influenza A-H3N2 from 8.3 before vaccination to 159.4 after vaccination; for influenza A-H1N1 from 5.2 to 124.3, and for influenza B from 5.7 to 44.6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that influenza vaccination is probably effective and can be offered to terminally ill cancer patients with a life expectancy of about three months in a home care palliative care unit.
authors.affiliation: Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Siaal Family Medicine and Primary Care Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Menahem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasson
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandelboim
authors.forename: Pesach
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shvartzman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D019452:Terminally Ill; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines