title: Education in cancer pain management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the current position of educational interventions within the context of cancer pain management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Barriers to good cancer pain control exist within patients and professionals and centre on lack of knowledge or poor attitudes towards pain and opioid analgesia. Education provided to healthcare professionals increases knowledge and improves attitudes but this does not necessarily translate into improvements in patient outcomes. However, targeted interventions that modify professional behaviour are effective. Educational interventions directed at patients result in improved patient outcomes, although the mechanisms by which these improvements occur are not yet clear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, educational interventions directed at patients or professionals can result in significant but modest clinical benefit which is similar in magnitude to that achieved by some analgesics. Educational interventions should be part of routine clinical practice alongside optimal oncological and analgesic management. Further work is needed on how best to implement multicomponent interventions within clinical services, including the identification of which combinations are most cost effective.
authors.affiliation: International Observatory on End of Life Care, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. m.i.bennett@lancaster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Flemming
authors.forename: S José
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Closs
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004517:Education, Professional; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid