title: Evaluation of acidity and total sugar content of children's popular beverages and their effect on plaque pH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the developing countries, dental caries has increased with the increased exposure to dietary sugars. There is no data on the cariogenicity and acidogenicity of popular beverages in the Syrian market.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the endogenous pH, titratable acidity, and total sugar content of popular beverages (cola, orange juice, and full-fat milk), and assess plaque pH drop after consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy children with a mean age of 11.8 ± 0.6 years were recruited for this single blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pH of beverages was measured by a digital pH meter and the titratable acidity was expressed as the volume of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide required to neutralize the beverage. The total sugar content was estimated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Children rinsed with 15 mL of each of the beverages for 1 min. The controls used were 10% sucrose and 10% sorbitol solutions. The plaque pH was assessed before and after rinsing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test to assess minimum pH, maximum pH drop, and the area under curve. P value was set as 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cola and orange juice had a low pH and similar total sugar content in contrast to the high pH and low sugar content of milk. Cola and orange juice were not statistically different from 10% sucrose (P > 0.05), but different from 10% sorbitol (P < 0.05), in contrast to milk, for all the parameters studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cola and orange juice are cariogenic/acidogenic and frequent intake should be discouraged. A reasonable intake of unsweetened milk may be advised safely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Syrian Arab Republic. s_shaam83@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Tinawi
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002648:Child; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry; D030221:Cola / Q000737:chemistry; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis; D013593:Syria; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D013395:Sucrose