title: [Endometrial polyps: clinical and epidemiological aspects and analysis of polymorphisms].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological risk factors for endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with endometrial polyps, as well as the genetic polymorphism of the progesterone receptor (PROGINS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was designed with 160 postmenopausal women with endometrial polyps, compared to a normal Control Group of 400 postmenopausal women. The genotyping of PROGINS polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction. Clinical and epidemiological data were compared between benign endometrial polyps and 118 of the control subjects. Variables were also compared with regard to benign and malignant endometrial polyps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the epidemiological variables between groups showed a significant difference for age, ethnicity, time since menopause, parity, tamoxifen use, hypertension and breast cancer, all of them more prevalent in the polyp group. After adjustment for age, statistical significance remained only for parity (OR=1.1), hypertension (OR=2.2) and breast cancer (OR=14.4). There were six cases of malignant polyps (3.7%). The frequency of bleeding was 23.4% for benign polyps and 100% for malignant polyps, with large polyps being detected in 54.6% of the benign cases and in 100 of the malignnat ones. The frequency of arterial hypertension was 54.5% for benign polyps and 83.3% for the malignant ones. The frequency of PROGINS T1/T1, T1/T2 and T2/T2 polymorphism was 79.9%, 19.5% and 0.6%, respectively, for the polyp group, and 78.8%, 20.8% and 0.5% for the Control Group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly age, hypertension, and breast cancer were significantly associated with endometrial polyps. The presence of PROGINS polymorphism was not significantly associated with endometrial polyps. The incidence of malignant polyps was low and strongly associated with bleeding, large-sized polyp and arterial hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. simonenunesm@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Simone Madeira Nunes
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Mariano Tamura
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Manoel João Batista Castello
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Girão
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics*; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011980:Receptors, Progesterone