title: Human interleukin-10 genotypes are associated with different precore/core gene mutation patterns in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the association between human interleukin-10 (IL-10) genotypes and hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore/core gene mutation in children with chronic HBV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised of 21 children with chronic HBV infection with spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion who were followed for more than 10 years. Another nine children without HBeAg seroconversion served as the control subjects. Sera at the immune tolerance and inflammatory phase (alanine aminotransferase, >80 IU/L) were subjected to HBV precore/core sequence analysis. IL-10 -1082 polymorphism was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBV precore/core gene mutation increased significantly more in the inflammatory phase than in the tolerance phase (G1896A, 76.2% versus 4.8%; C1913A, 33.3% versus 0%; C2189A, 28.6% versus 4.8%; G2304A, 52.4% versus 14.3%) in study group (n = 21) but not the control group (n = 9). Subjects with the G/G genotype at the IL-10-1082 polymorphism site had higher C2189A mutation rate than the A allele carriers (P = .02). C2189A mutation carriers are associated with more viral load decrement from tolerance to inflammatory phase (P = .01) and earlier spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The G/G genotype at the IL-10 -1082 polymorphism is associated with higher C2189A mutations, lower HBV viral load at immune inflammatory phase, and earlier spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion than A allele carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yen-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Ying-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tien-Jui
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sandy Huey-Jen
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Huey-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Daw-Jen
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tsuei
authors.forename: Hong-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Mei-Hwei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D016753:Interleukin-10; D004247:DNA