title: Body fluids and salt metabolism - part II.
abstract: There is a high frequency of diarrhea and vomiting in childhood. As a consequence the focus of the present review is to recognize the different body fluid compartments, to clinically assess the degree of dehydration, to know how the equilibrium between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid is maintained, to calculate the effective blood osmolality and discuss both parenteral fluid maintenance and replacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bellinzona and Mendrisio, and University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peruzzo
authors.forename: Gregorio P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garzoni
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Longoni
authors.forename: Giacomo D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bettinelli
authors.forename: Emilio F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Fossali
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D003681:Dehydration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000378:metabolism; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000378:metabolism; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride