title: Short-term monitoring of benzene air concentration in an urban area: a preliminary study of application of Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test to assess pollutant impact on global environment and indoor.
abstract: In step with the need to develop statistical procedures to manage small-size environmental samples, in this work we have used concentration values of benzene (C6H6), concurrently detected by seven outdoor and indoor monitoring stations over 12 000 minutes, in order to assess the representativeness of collected data and the impact of the pollutant on indoor environment. Clearly, the former issue is strictly connected to sampling-site geometry, which proves critical to correctly retrieving information from analysis of pollutants of sanitary interest. Therefore, according to current criteria for network-planning, single stations have been interpreted as nodes of a set of adjoining triangles; then, a) node pairs have been taken into account in order to estimate pollutant stationarity on triangle sides, as well as b) node triplets, to statistically associate data from air-monitoring with the corresponding territory area, and c) node sextuplets, to assess the impact probability of the outdoor pollutant on indoor environment for each area. Distributions from the various node combinations are all non-Gaussian, in the consequently, Kruskal-Wallis (KW) non-parametric statistics has been exploited to test variability on continuous density function from each pair, triplet and sextuplet. Results from the above-mentioned statistical analysis have shown randomness of site selection, which has not allowed a reliable generalization of monitoring data to the entire selected territory, except for a single "forced" case (70%); most important, they suggest a possible procedure to optimize network design.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. mariachiara.mura@iss.it
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Felice
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morlino
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuselli
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000465:Algorithms; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007558:Italy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D012997:Solvents; D001554:Benzene