title: Bilateral pectoral musculature malformations with concomitant vascular anomaly.
abstract: We report on a unique combination of multiple variations concerning the pectoral muscles and the left external jugular vein. Specifically, a bilateral hypoplasia of the medial clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle was noticed along with the coexistence of total right pectoralis minor aplasia, substituted by loose connective and fatty tissue. Simultaneously, a supernumerary anterior-placed external jugular vein was found, which, after its supraclavicular course, pierced the interval between the left clavicular and the sternocostal head, and drained into the left jugular junction. The combination of the above anomalies constitutes an atypical pattern of Poland syndrome. We discuss the related embryological development and the relative literature. Attention was paid to the clinical importance for plastic surgeons, general surgeons, and radiologists, facilitating them with accurate interpretation of anterior thoracic wall findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. g_paraskevas@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Paraskevas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raikos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011045:Poland Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis