title: [Analysis of refractive status without cycloplegia in 2046 Pupils].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the eyes' refractive status without cycloplegia in 2046 pupils.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2046 pupils of 4092 eyes in Xi'an city primary schools. The objective ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants,which included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fundus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed inventory scale was filled in and input special computer program, then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the primary school of 2046 pupils of 4092 eyes, the detective rate of emmetropia was 32.0% of 1309 eyes, hypermetropia was 4.2% of 170 eyes, myopia was 63.8% of 2613 eyes, low myopia was 51.4% of 2102 eye, moderate myopia was 11.3% of 464 eyes, and high myopia was 1.1% of 47 eyes in total. In both eyes, the detective rate was 61.2%of 1348 eyes in 2204 boys, 67% of 1265 in 1888 girls. Among 6 grades, the constituent ratio of moderate and high myopia groups were significantly increased with the age's growing, including emmetropia 45.5% of 343 eyes out of 754 in 1st grade and 19.2% of 122 eyes out of 634 in 6th grade.The average refractive error of spherical equivalent refraction was (-1.32+/-1.60)D.Among 6 grades,the 1st grade' was (0.82+/-1.42)D,and the 6th grade's was (-1.82+/-1.68)D, there were significant differencesamong 6 grades(p<0.01).There was a significant difference between girls and boys(p<0.01). The average myopizing rate was -0.2 D at per year, -1.0 D in the total of the progression in 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor condition of myopizing was showed in Chinese pupils. It should be taking seriously and making early intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chuntao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia; D009216:Myopia; D011680:Pupil; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity