title: Pesticide uptake in potatoes: model and field experiments.
abstract: A dynamic model for uptake of pesticides in potatoes is presented and evaluated with measurements performed within a field trial in the region of Boyacá, Colombia. The model takes into account the time between pesticide applications and harvest, the time between harvest and consumption, the amount of spray deposition on soil surface, mobility and degradation of pesticide in soil, diffusive uptake and persistence due to crop growth and metabolism in plant material, and loss due to food processing. Food processing steps included were cleaning, washing, storing, and cooking. Pesticide concentrations were measured periodically in soil and potato samples from the beginning of tuber formation until harvest. The model was able to predict the magnitude and temporal profile of the experimentally derived pesticide concentrations well, with all measurements falling within the 90% confidence interval. The fraction of chlorpyrifos applied on the field during plant cultivation that eventually is ingested by the consumer is on average 10(-4)-10(-7), depending on the time between pesticide application and ingestion and the processing step considered.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland. juraske@ifu.baug.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juraske
authors.forename: Carmen S Mosquera
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Vivas
authors.forename: Alexander Erazo
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Velásquez
authors.forename: Glenda García
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Mónica B Berdugo
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Jaime Diaz
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Claudia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellweg
authors.forename: Jairo A Guerrero
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dallos
mesh_terms: D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003105:Colombia; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004390:Chlorpyrifos