title: A compact clinical instrument for quantifying suppression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a compact and convenient clinical apparatus for the measurement of suppression based on a previously reported laboratory-based approach. In addition, we report and validate a novel, rapid psychophysical method for measuring suppression using this apparatus, which makes the technique more applicable to clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using a Z800 dual pro head-mounted display driven by a MAC laptop, we provide dichoptic stimulation. Global motion stimuli composed of arrays of moving dots are presented to each eye. One set of dots move in a coherent direction (termed signal) whereas another set of dots move in a random direction (termed noise). To quantify performance, we measure the signal/noise ratio corresponding to a direction-discrimination threshold. Suppression is quantified by assessing the extent to which it matters which eye sees the signal and which eye sees the noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A space-saving, head-mounted display using current video technology offers an ideal solution for clinical practice. In addition, our optimized psychophysical method provided results that were in agreement with those produced using the original technique. We made measures of suppression on a group of nine adult amblyopic participants using this apparatus with both the original and new psychophysical paradigms. All participants had measurable suppression ranging from mild to severe. The two different psychophysical methods gave a strong correlation for the strength of suppression (rho = -0.83, p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining the new apparatus and new psychophysical method creates a convenient and rapid technique for parametric measurement of interocular suppression. In addition, this apparatus constitutes the ideal platform for suppressors to combine information between their eyes in a similar way to binocularly normal people. This provides a convenient way for clinicians to implement the newly proposed binocular treatment of amblyopia that is based on antisuppression training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011601:Psychophysics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014796:Visual Perception