title: Left ventricular hypertrophy causes different changes in longitudinal, radial, and circumferential mechanics in patients with hypertension: a two-dimensional speckle tracking study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systolic reserve is an important compensatory mechanism against increasing afterload. Although longitudinal systolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction has been reported in hypertensive hearts, radial and circumferential function has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to investigate three-directional systolic function and its relationships with left ventricular geometry in asymptomatic hypertensive patients using two-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiographic evaluations were performed in 74 hypertensive patients and 55 age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal strain was significantly reduced in the hypertrophy groups compared with that in control subjects (concentric, -15.1 ± 4.0%; eccentric, -15.9 ± 4.4%; control, -18.9 ± 3.3%; P < .05). Conversely, radial strain was significantly higher in the normal geometry group than in control subjects (53.8 ± 19.4% vs 40.3 ± 15.1%, P < .05). However, this augmentation was attenuated in the other geometries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertrophic remodeling attenuates compensatory augmentation of radial systolic function and is associated with latent longitudinal systolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. kouzu@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidemichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kouzu
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuda
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimoshige
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchihashi
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
mesh_terms: D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013314:Stress, Mechanical