title: Alcohol consumption and ankle-to-brachial index: results from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey.
abstract: METHODS
  A low ankle-to-brachial index (ABI) is a strong correlate of cardiovascular disease and subsequent mortality. The relationship between ABI and alcohol consumption remains unclear. Data are from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey (CRS), a multiple-ethnic, community-based, cross-sectional study of 14,618 Chinese people (5757 Hans, 4767 Uygurs, and 4094 Kazakhs) aged 35 years and over at baseline from Oct. 2007 to March 2010. The relationship between alcohol intake and ABI was determined by use of analysis of covariance and multivariable regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, alcohol consumption was significantly associated with ABI (P<0.001). After adjusted for the confounding factors, such as age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, work stress, diabetes, and fasting blood glucose, the difference remained significant (P<0.001); either the unadjusted or multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for peripheral artery disease (PAD) was significantly higher in men who consumed >60.0 g/d [OR = 3.857, (95% CI: 2.555-5.824); OR = 2.797, (95% CI: 1.106-3.129); OR = 2.878, (95% CI: 1.215-4.018); respectively] and was significantly lower in men who consumed 20.1-40.0 g/d [OR= 0.330, (95% CI: 0.181-0.599); OR = 0.484, (95% CI: 0.065-0.894); OR = 0.478, (95% CI: 0.243-1.534); respectively] and 40.1-60.0 g/d [OR= 0.306, (95% CI: 0.096-0.969); OR = 0.267, (95% CI: 0.087-0.886); OR = 0.203, (95% CI: 0.113-0.754); respectively] compared with never drinking, respectively (all P<0.01). Neither in unadjusted nor in multivariate-adjusted model was the association between ABI and alcohol consumption significant (all P>0.05) in women. Similarly, PAD was not correlated with alcohol intake in women (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that in Chinese men, alcohol consumption was associated with peripheral artery disease, and consumption of less than 60 g/d had an inverse association with peripheral atherosclerosis whereas consumption of 60 g/d or more had a positive association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yi-Tong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yi-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhen-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bang-Dang
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000473:pathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires