title: Noninvasive detection of inflammation-associated colon cancer in a mouse model.
abstract: Helicobacter bilis-infected Smad3(-/-) mice represent an attractive model of inflammation-associated colon cancer. Most infected mice develop mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC) by 6 weeks post inoculation (PI); however, approximately one third do not progress to MUC. The ability to predict the development of MUC in mice used in therapeutic studies would confer a considerable saving of time and money. In addition, the inadvertent use of mice without MUC may confound therapeutic studies by making treatments seem falsely efficacious. We assessed both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fecal biomarkers in Helicobacter- and sham-inoculated mice as methods of noninvasively detecting MUC before the predicted onset of disease. Non-contrast-enhanced MRI was able to detect lesions in 58% of mice with histologically confirmed MUC; however, serial imaging sessions produced inconsistent results. MRI was also a labor- and time-intensive technique requiring anesthesia. Alternatively, inflammatory biomarkers isolated from feces at early time points were correlated to later histologic lesions. Fecal expression of interleukin 1β, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted at 3 weeks PI correlated significantly with lesion severity at 9 weeks PI. For each biomarker, receiver-operator characteristic curves were also generated, and all three biomarkers performed well at 1 to 3 weeks PI, indicating that the development of MUC can be predicted based on the early expression of certain inflammatory mediators in feces.
authors.affiliation: Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myles
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maggio-Price
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D011379:Prognosis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D012313:RNA