title: Histologic evaluation and removal torque analysis of nano- and microtreated titanium implants in the dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies about the nano-treated surfaces of implants have been conducting along with micro-treated surfaces of implants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to get information for the clinical use of nano-treated surfaces compared with micro-treated surfaces by measuring removal torque and analyzing histological characteristics after the placement of various surface-treated implants on femurs of dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Machined surface implants were used as a control group. 4 nano-treated surface implants and 3 micro-treated surface implants [resorbable blast media surface (RBM), sandblast and acid-etched surface (SAE), anodized RBM surface] were used as experimental groups. Removal torque values of implants were measured respectively and the histological analyses were conducted on both 4weeks and 8weeks after implant surgery. The surfaces of removed implants after measuring removal torque values were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. Removal torque values of the nano-treated groups were lower than those of micro-treated groups. 2. Removal torque values were similar in the anodized RBM surface groups. 3. On the histological views, there was much of bone formation at 8 weeks, but there was no difference between 4 and 8 weeks, and between the types of implant surfaces as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that implant topography is more effective in removal torque test than surface chemistry. To get better clinical result, further studies should be fulfilled on the combined effect of surface topography and chemistry for the implant surface treatments.
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate school, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Mong-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vang
authors.forename: Hong-So
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sang-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun-Pil
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lim