title: Perioperative acupuncture and postoperative acupressure can prevent postoperative vomiting following paediatric tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure as supplements to standard treatment for postoperative vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pragmatic, open, block-randomised controlled trial. The results were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The study was conducted without extra resources in a normal setting at the day-surgery department of Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital in Oslo. 154 children with an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1-2, weighing at least 10 kg, were included. Children with concomitant gastrointestinal diseases, emesis or antiemetic treatment <24 h preoperatively, rash or local infection over the actual acupuncture points were excluded together with patients whose parents' informed consent could not be obtained. The intervention group received acupuncture at pericardium 6 bilaterally, at a depth of approximately 0.7 cm with a median of 21 min during anaesthesia, followed by acupressure wristbands for 24 h and standard treatment. The control group received standard treatment. The primary end point was the occurrence of vomiting or retching during 24 h postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children in the acustimulation group experienced less retching and vomiting than the control group-46.8% versus 66.2% (p=0.015). The effect of acustimulation was specifically pronounced in girls and children aged 1-3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial indicates the effectiveness of acustimulation as an adjunct to standard treatment. The results should encourage and promote the implementation of acustimulation for postoperative vomiting in children undergoing adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy.
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Lovisenberggata 17, Oslo, Norway. i.e.liodden@odont.uio.no
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liodden
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Howley
authors.forename: Anne Sameline
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Grimsgaard
authors.forename: Vinjar Magne
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Fønnebø
authors.forename: Einar Kristian
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Borud
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alraek
authors.forename: Arne Johan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Norheim
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure / Q000379:methods*; D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012107:Research Design; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000932:Antiemetics