title: A novel, non-stop mutation in FOXE3 causes an autosomal dominant form of variable anterior segment dysgenesis including Peters anomaly.
abstract: Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) is a spectrum of disorders that affect the anterior ocular chamber. Clinical studies on a Newfoundland family over the past 30 years show that 11 relatives have a variable ocular phenotype ranging from microcornea to Peters anomaly, segregating as an autosomal dominant trait. To determine the molecular etiology of the variable ASD in this family, we sequenced nine functional candidate genes and identified 44 variants. A point mutation in FOXE3, which codes for a transcription factor involved in the formation of the lens and surrounding structures, co-segregated with the variable ocular phenotype. This novel mutation (c.959G>T) substitutes the stop codon for a leucine residue, predicting the addition of 72 amino acids to the C-terminus of FOXE3. Two recent reports have also identified non-stop mutations in FOXE3 in patients with variable ocular phenotypes and predict an extended protein. Although FOXE3 is a lens-specific gene, we successfully isolated complementary DNA from lymphoblasts of an affected family member, and our sequencing results show that the c.959T allele is absent, suggesting that it may be degraded at the RNA level. Though preliminary, our results challenge the notion that an extended FOXE3 protein causes ASD, and instead suggests a mechanism of haploinsufficiency in the case of non-stop mutations. This study adds to several reports that suggest that autosomal-dominant mutations within FOXE3 cause ASD and has important clinical utility, especially for the diagnosis of mildly affected patients.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Gordon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parfrey
authors.forename: Terry-Lynn
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000002:abnormalities; D002386:Cataract / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000235:genetics; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D057895:Haploinsufficiency; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C404285:FOXE3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors