title: Road deicing salt irreversibly disrupts osmoregulation of salamander egg clutches.
abstract: It has been postulated that road deicing salts are sufficiently diluted by spring rains to ameliorate any physiological impacts to amphibians breeding in wetlands near roads. We tested this conjecture by exposing clutches of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) to three chloride concentrations (1 mg/L, 145 mg/L, 945 mg/L) for nine days, then transferred clutches to control water for nine days, and measured change in mass at three-day intervals. We measured mass change because water uptake by clutches reduces risks to embryos associated with freezing, predation, and disease. Clutches in controls sequestered water asymptotically. Those in the moderate concentrations lost 18% mass initially and regained 14% after transfer to control water. Clutches in high concentration lost 33% mass and then lost an additional 8% after transfer. Our results suggest that spring rains do not ameliorate the effects of deicing salts in wetlands with extremely high chloride concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. karraker@hku.hk
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Karraker
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gibbs
mesh_terms: D000557:Ambystoma / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007053:Ice; D009518:New York; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012965:Sodium Chloride