title: A multiplex endpoint RT-PCR assay for quality assessment of RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples is chemically modified and degraded, which compromises its use in gene expression studies. Most of the current approaches for RNA quality assessment are not suitable for FFPE derived RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed a single-tube multiplex endpoint RT-PCR assay specifically designed to evaluate RNA extracted from FFPE tissues for mRNA integrity and performance in reverse transcription - quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. This single-tube quality control (QC) assay minimises the amount of RNA used in quality control. mRNA integrity and the suitability of RNA for RT-PCR is evaluated by the multiplex endpoint RT-PCR assay using the TBP gene mRNA as the target sequence. The RT-PCR amplicon sizes, 92, 161, 252 and 300 bp, cover a range of amplicon sizes suitable for a wide range of RT-qPCR assays. The QC assay was used to evaluate RNA prepared by two different protocols for extracting total RNA from needle microdissected FFPE breast tumour samples. The amplification products were analysed by gel electrophoresis where the spectrum of amplicon sizes indicated the level of RNA degradation and thus the suitability of the RNA for PCR. The ability of the multiplex endpoint RT-PCR QC assay to identify FFPE samples with an adequate RNA quality was validated by examining the Cq values of an RT-qPCR assay with an 87 bp amplicon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multiplex endpoint RT-PCR assay is well suited for the determination of the quality of FFPE derived RNAs, to identify which RT-PCR assays they are suitable for, and is also applicable to assess non-FFPE RNA for gene expression studies. Furthermore, the assay can also be used for the evaluation of RNA extraction protocols from FFPE samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikeska
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobrovic
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012313:RNA