title: Surface creasing instability of soft polyacrylamide cell culture substrates.
abstract: Efforts to understand and engineer cell behavior in mechanically soft environments frequently employ two-dimensional cell culture substrates consisting of thin hydrogel layers with low elastic modulus supported on rigid substrates to facilitate culturing, imaging, and analysis. Here we characterize how an elastic creasing instability of the gel surface may occur for the most widely used soft cell culture substrate, polyacrylamide hydrogels, and show that stem cells respond to and change their behavior due to these surface features. The regions of stability and corresponding achievable ranges of modulus are elucidated in terms of the monomer and cross-linker concentrations, providing guidance for the synthesis of both smooth and creased soft cell substrates for basic and applied cell engineering efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Krishanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Jungwook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Jinhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Momin
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hayward
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C016680:polyacrylamide gels