title: Neurotrophins modulate the expression of chemokine receptors in the brain.
abstract: In the central nervous system, chemokines are primarily mediators of inflammatory processes. Their receptors, in particular, CXCR4 and CCR5, serve as co-factors along with CD4 that permit Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection. Moreover, experimental evidence has shown that CXCR4 and CCR5 mediate the neurotoxic effects of the HIV envelope protein gp120, suggesting that these receptors could also promote the neuropathogenesis observed in HIV-positive individuals. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of chemokine receptors in the brain may lead to improved therapies that reduce HIV neurotoxicity. This study presents evidence that the expression of chemokine receptors in the brain is modulated by two neurotrophins in an area-specific manner. This new evidence suggests that the neurotrophins may be an adjunct therapy to reduce HIV-mediated neuronal injury evoked by chemokine receptor activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Valeriya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Avdoshina
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parsadanian
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mhyre
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tessarollo
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mocchetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000633:toxicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C514936:CXCR4 protein, mouse; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C514793:gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C518911:neurotropin 3, mouse