title: Impact of adherence to disease-modifying therapies on clinical and economic outcomes among patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is essential for the reduction of multiple sclerosis (MS) progression and relapse. However, only limited data currently exist on the impact of treatment adherence on MS-related clinical and economic outcomes in the real world setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of treatment adherence on MS-related hospitalizations (inpatient [INP]), ER visits, MS relapses, and medical costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ≥ 1 ICD-9-CM code for MS who received ≥ 1 DMT between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2008 were identified using the administrative claims database. The first DMT received during the study period was defined as the index treatment and ≥ 6-month preindex and ≥ 12-month postindex continuous health-plan enrollment were required for inclusion. Adherence was assessed using the medication possession ratio (MPR); patients with MPR ≥ 80% were regarded as adherent. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the impact of adherence on MS-related outcomes after controlling for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cohort (n=2446), 59.6% of the patients were adherent to their DMT. Compared with the nonadherent group, adherent patients were significantly less likely to have MS-related INP (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.83) and MS relapses (OR: 0.71, 95% CI, 0.59-0.85). No significant difference was found in ER risk between adherent and nonadherent groups (8.4% vs. 10.5%, P=0.068, OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.60-1.07). On average, the adherent group incurred lower medical costs than the nonadherent group ($3380, 95% CI, $3046-$3750 vs. $4348, 95% CI, $3828-$4940, P=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment adherence is associated with better clinical and economic outcomes including lower risks for MS-related hospitalization, MS relapse, and less MS-related medical costs. Treatments that require infrequent administrations and have favorable adherence profiles may benefit patients who are unable to adhere to DMT therapies. Such treatments may be important in improving disease outcomes and may be suitable therapeutic candidates for the management of MS.
authors.affiliation: HealthCore, Inc., 800 Delaware Ave., Wilmington, DE 19801, USA. jtan@healthcore.com
authors.forename: Hiangkiat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Sonalee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Siddhesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010455:Peptides; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D016899:Interferon-beta