title: Modulation of lipid-induced ER stress by fatty acid shape.
abstract: Exposure of pancreatic β cells to long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) induces a so-called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can ultimately lead to cell death. This process is believed to participate in insulin deficiency associated with type 2 diabetes, via a decrease in β-cell mass. By contrast, some unsaturated fatty acid species appear less toxic to the cells and can even alleviate SFA-induced ER stress. In the present study, we took advantage of a simple yeast-based model, which brings together most of the trademarks of lipotoxicity in human cells, to screen fatty acids of various structures for their capacity to counter ER stress. Here we demonstrate that the tendency of a free fatty acid (FFA) to reduce SFA toxicity depends on a complex conjunction of parameters, including chain length, level of unsaturation, position of the double bonds and nature of the isomers (cis or trans). Interestingly, potent FFA act as building blocks for phospholipid synthesis and help to restore an optimal membrane organization, compatible with ER function and normal protein trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Université de POITIERS, CNRS UMR 6187, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deguil
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pineau
authors.forename: Ellen Claire
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rowland Snyder
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beney
authors.forename: Adrià
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frapper
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids