title: Measurement of respiratory function using whole-body plethysmography in unanesthetized and unrestrained nonhuman primates.
abstract: Extended term, continuous measurement and observation of drug responses were performed to examine the feasibility of a custom-made whole-body plethysmograph for measuring respiratory function in unanesthetized, unrestrained monkeys. Using this apparatus, respiratory function (respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume) was observed for 23 hr in unanesthetized, unrestrained cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume in the light period (7:00 to 19:00) reached approximately 30% to 50% higher values than in the dark period (19:00 to 7:00), thus clearly exhibiting circadian variation in the cynomolgus monkey respiratory functions. Administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) resulted in sustained reduction in tidal volume and minute volume, and ketamine (30 mg/kg [sub-anesthetic dose], i.m.) also produced sustained reduction in respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume. With dimorpholamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or caffeine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume increased. Physiological saline (1 ml/kg, s.c. and 0.1 ml/kg, i.v.) and chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) produced no clear-cut changes in respiration rate, tidal volume, or minute volume. From the above results, we conclude that our custom-made whole-body plethysmograph is useful for measuring respiratory function in unanesthetized and unrestrained monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Safety Assessment Group, Nonclinical Research Center, Drug Development Service Segment, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Odagiri
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obo
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Atai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations