title: Pigment identification, antioxidant activity, and nutrient composition of Tinospora cordifolia (willd.) Miers ex Hook. f & Thoms fruit.
abstract: The stem, leaf, and root of Tinospora cordifolia (willd.) have been highly exploited for medicinal preparations; however, the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of its attractive red berries (fruits) have not so far been studied. Pigments, berberine (107.0 mg/100 g) and lycopene (50.8 mg/100 g), were identified in the deseeded fruit. Total phenol content in the fruit was 3.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g. The IC(50) of DPPH· (82, and 468 ppm) and OH· (100, and 1,000 ppm) scavenging activity, and the EC(50) of reducing power (2,616, and 1,472 ppm) of hexane and methanol extracts, respectively, were observed. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of the fruit extracts (150 and 300 ppm) were 1,107 and 2,614 μM trolox equivalent/g, respectively. Nutrient composition including carbohydrate (18.4%), proteins (1.5%), lipids (6%) of which ∼62% was unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins like ascorbic acid (0.24 μg), niacin (0.7 mg), and tocopherols (2.4 mg) in 100 g fruits were determined. Potassium content was 1.2 g/100 g dry tissue of berries. These findings show that components of T. cordifolia fruit could be bioactive and used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics.
authors.affiliation: Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Imtiyaj
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: P S C Sri
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Harsha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giridhar
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ravishankar
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001599:Berberine / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D000077276:Lycopene; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D031610:Tinospora / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001599:Berberine; D002338:Carotenoids; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000077276:Lycopene