title: Cytokine and transcription factor profiles in the skin of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi presenting distinct cutaneous parasite density and clinical status.
abstract: The immune response in the skin of dogs infected with Leishmania chagasi and its association with distinct levels of tissue parasitism and clinical progression of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) are poorly understood and limited studies are available. A detailed analysis of the profiles of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, TGF-β1 and TNF-α) and transcription factors (T-bet, GATA-3 and FOXP3) in the skin of 35 naturally infected dogs was carried out using real-time PCR alongside determinations of skin parasite density and the clinical status of CVL. A mixed cytokine profile with high levels of expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-13 was determined in asymptomatic dogs. Additionally, the levels of transcription factors GATA-3 and FOXP3 were correlated with the asymptomatic disease. A mixed cytokine profile was also observed during active CVL. Moreover, high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1, concomitant with the low expression of IL-12, may represent a key condition that allows persistence of parasite replication in the skin. The results obtained indicate that in asymptomatic disease or lower levels of skin parasite density, a mixed inflammatory, regulatory immune response profile may be of major relevance for both the maintenance of the clinical status of the dogs as well as for parasite persistence and replication at low levels.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menezes-Souza
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corrêa-Oliveira
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerra-Sá
authors.forename: Rodolfo Cordeiro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Giunchetti
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors.forename: Olindo Assis
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
authors.forename: Guilherme Corrêa
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Alexandre Barbosa
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D018314:Leishmania infantum; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014157:Transcription Factors