title: Minimally invasive approaches in severe panfacial fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive approaches to severe panfacial fractures are being used increasingly to reduce surgical trauma and the related complications. In this study, it was aimed to determine the ideal surgical approaches in severe panfacial fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with severe panfacial fractures were included in this study. Minimally invasive approaches were used for Le Fort III fracture in six patients, for Le Fort II fracture in four patients, and for bilateral maxillary and orbital floor fractures in six patients. We used subciliary, intraoral vestibular, lateral eyebrow incisions to reach orbital, maxillary, zygomaticomaxillary buttress, and nasoethmoidal fractures, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All fractures were repaired with miniplates and screws. No hematoma, wound infections or other complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive approaches in severe panfacial fractures are considered suitable and effective in terms of aesthetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. guvenmd@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Alper Mete
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Uğurlu
authors.forename: Samet Vasfi
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kuvat
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanlıada
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Emekli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005004:Ethmoid Bone; D005147:Facial Bones; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort