title: Physical activity and lymphoid neoplasms in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoid neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Several risk factors have been identified or suggested, but they all account for only a small proportion of the lymphoid neoplasm incidence. It has been hypothesised that regular exercise may modulate the immune system and thereby reduce the risk of developing the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort consists of 521,457 adults, recruited by 23 centres in 10 European countries. The analytical cohort included 343,756 participants, with 778 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases (376 men and 402 women) and 690 B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) cases (326 men and 364 women). Multivariate Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for the association between total, recreational, occupational, and household physical activity and NHL and B-NHL risk, as well as the risk for several B-NHL subtypes. Models were stratified by study centre and age at recruitment and adjusted for various potential confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no evidence of any effect of total physical activity on NHL (adjusted p-trend=0.76 and 0.30 for men and women, respectively) and B-NHL risk (adjusted p-trend=0.99 and 0.21 for men and women, respectively) for either men or women. Also no robust results were found for B-NHL subtype analyses among men or women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided no consistent evidence for an association between various physical activity measures and the risk of lymphoid neoplasms or any of the B-NHL subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, UK. k.van-veldhoven@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Catharina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Veldhoven
authors.forename: Aneire E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teucher
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raaschou-Nielsen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Matthaeus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vigl
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benetou
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masala
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiello
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monninkhof
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Marcial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argüelles
authors.forename: Maria-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borgquist
authors.forename: Naomi E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Ruth C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: Kay Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors