title: Comparative profiling of the transcriptional response to iron restriction in six serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with different virulence potential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comparative analysis of gene expression among serotypes within a species can provide valuable information on important differences between related genomes. For the pig lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 15 serotypes with a considerable variation in virulence potential and immunogenicity have been identified. This serotypic diversity can only partly be explained by amount of capsule and differences in the RTX toxin genes in their genomes. Iron acquisition in vivo is an important bacterial function and in pathogenic bacteria, iron-limitation is often a signal for the induction of virulence genes. We used a pan-genomic microarray to study the transcriptional response to iron restriction in vitro in six serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae (1, 2, 3, 5b, 6, and 7), representing at least two levels of virulence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 45 genes were significantly (p < 0.0001) up-regulated and 67 genes significantly down-regulated in response to iron limitation. Not previously observed in A. pleuropneumoniae was the up-regulation of a putative cirA-like siderophore in all six serotypes. Three genes, recently described in A. pleuropneumoniae as possibly coding for haemoglobin-haptoglobin binding proteins, displayed significant serotype related up-regulation to iron limitation. For all three genes, the expression appeared at its lowest in serotype 3, which is generally considered one of the least virulent serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae. The three genes share homology with the hmbR haemoglobin receptor of Neisseria meningitidis, a possible virulence factor which contributes to bacterial survival in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By comparative analysis of gene expression among 6 different serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae we identified a common set of presumably essential core genes, involved in iron regulation. The results support and expand previous observations concerning the identification of new potential iron acquisition systems in A. pleuropneumoniae, showing that this bacterium has evolved several strategies for scavenging the limited iron resources of the host. The combined effect of iron-depletion and serotype proved to be modest, indicating that serotypes of both moderate and high virulence at least in vitro are reacting almost identical to iron restriction. One notable exception, however, is the haemoglobin-haptoglobin binding protein cluster which merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark. kksc@vet.dtu.dk
authors.forename: Kirstine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klitgaard
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: Oystein
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Angen
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boye
mesh_terms: D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012703:Serotyping; D017262:Siderophores / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017262:Siderophores; D006418:Heme; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D007501:Iron