title: Impact of excipients on coating efficiency in dry powder coating.
abstract: Dry powder coating is a technique to coat substrates without the use of organic solvent or water. The polymer powder is directly applied to the cores to be coated. Liquid additives are often used to lower the glass transition temperature of the polymer and to enhance the adhesion of the powder to the cores. This leads to an increase in coating efficiency of the process. The impact of various liquid additives and their properties like spreading behavior, viscosity and plasticizing activity were investigated with respect to their influence on the coating efficiency of the process. Ethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate were used as coating polymers. Spreading behavior of the liquid additive on the polymer was the most influencing parameter and could be successfully predicted with contact angle measurements on polymer films. Calculations of works of adhesion and spreading coefficients also revealed to be promising predictive techniques for choosing suitable additives to improve process efficiency. Isopropyl myristate showed the best spreading behavior resulting in the highest coating efficiency. Based on these results, a formulation for ethylcellulose containing isopropyl myristate was developed and film formation was examined using dissolution testing and imaging techniques to evaluate the optimum curing conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. martina.smikalla@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smikalla
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mescher
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walzel
authors.forename: Nora Anne
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Urbanetz
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011312:Pressure; D012995:Solubility; D013500:Surface Tension; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011108:Polymers; D011208:Powders; C048331:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008747:Methylcellulose