title: Lactoferrin inhibits the inflammatory and angiogenic activation of bovine aortic endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lactoferrin (Lf) is known to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its therapeutic mechanism has not been defined. In this study, to explain the therapeutic mechanism of Lf, we examined the effect of Lf on endothelial cell activation, leukocyte integration, and angiogenesis in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelia-leukocyte adhesion assays were used to assess primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) activation following LPS treatment. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and proinflammatory cytokines was measured using RT-PCR. Each step of angiogenesis was evaluated in vitro, including endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Proliferation was examined using WST-1 and BrdU incorporation assays, while wound migration assays were used to evaluate cell migration; capillary-like tube formation assays on Matrigel were used to assess tube formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lf reduced the adhesion of human monocyte-like THP-1 cells to BAECs by 45%. Lf also reduced mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and proinflammatory cytokines in BAECs. Lf significantly inhibited BAEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lf exerted a potent effect on BAEC activation, suggesting that it might function via an endothelia-based mechanism in the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 130-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mijung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Jongbong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bombi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyoung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hahm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007781:Lactoferrin