title: The occurrence of the herbicide dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionate) in potable water as a disinfection by-product.
abstract: Salts of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, such as dalapon, are well known as herbicides and are regulated as such in potable water in Australia and elsewhere. It is also an identified disinfection by-product (DBP), but little is known about the compound's formation and typical levels from this source. This work presents results from a sampling campaign where 2,2-dichloropropionate was found at levels between 0.1 and 0.5 µg l(-1) in potable water samples from a major treatment plant in South East Queensland, Australia. However, levels were below the reporting limit (0.01 µg l(-1)) in the immediate source water for the plant. Also, temporal trends in 2,2-dichloropropionate observed in treated water during sampling mirrored those of trihalomethanes albeit at much lower concentrations, suggesting that the occurrence is due to in situ formation as a DBP. This could present a regulatory dilemma in some jurisdictions.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. d.hawker@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Darryl W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hawker
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watkinson
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bartkow
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D011422:Propionates / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D011422:Propionates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C004743:dalapon