title: Role of iron in brain injury after intraventricular hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intraventricular extension of hemorrhage is a predictor of poor outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage, and iron overload contributes to brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. The current study investigated the role of iron in ventricular dilatation and neuronal death in a rat model of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 2 parts in this study. First, male Sprague-Dawley rats had a 200-μL injection of either autologous blood or saline into the right lateral ventricle and were euthanized at different time points. Rats had MRI and brains were used for Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, histology, and brain tissue nonheme iron measurements. Second, rats had IVH and were treated with deferoxamine or vehicle, and rats were euthanized 4 weeks later for brain tissue loss and lateral ventricle size measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IVH resulted in brain iron accumulation, bilateral enlargement of the lateral ventricles, and hippocampal brain tissue loss. Iron accumulation was associated with upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin. Systemic deferoxamine treatment reduced IVH-induced ventricular enlargement (eg, day 28: 32.7±10.6 vs 43.8±9.7 mm(3) in vehicle-treated group, n=8 to 9; P<0.05) and hippocampal brain tissue loss (hippocampal volume: 89.0±2.7 vs 85.2±4.1 mm(3) in the vehicle-treated group; P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron has a role in brain injury after IVH. Deferoxamine may be a therapy for patients with IVH or intraventricular extension after intracerebral hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muraszko
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D007501:Iron / Q000502:physiology*; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D003676:Deferoxamine