title: Development of a 10-item short form of the parents' postoperative pain measure: the PPPM-SF.
abstract: The aim of this study was to create a psychometrically sound short form (PPPM-SF; scored 0‑10) of the Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM; scored 0-15). Data from previously published studies were pooled and analyzed to identify the best 10 PPPM items for the short form. Criteria for item selection were: corrected item-total correlation, response distribution, and correlation with a child self-report measure of pain intensity on 2 days after surgery. The sample comprised 264 children aged 7 to 12 years (55.3% male) and their parents. The PPPM-SF correlated r = .98 with the PPPM. Similar internal consistency was found for the PPPM and the PPPM-SF, Cronbach's alpha = .85 for both. Item content was found to cover functional interference (5 items) and pain behavior (5 items). A preliminary indication of validity was provided by significantly lower PPPM-SF scores on the second than the first postoperative day. Consistent with the PPPM, there were no significant sex or age differences in PPPM-SF scores. Validation of the PPPM-SF in independent samples including younger children is a necessary next step. Adaptation of the PPPM to the standard 0-10 metric should enhance its utility for research and clinical practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure-Short Form, scored on the standard 0-10 metric for pain intensity scales, shows promise as a useful observational tool in research and clinical care for postoperative pain in children at home.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. carl.vonbaeyer@usask.ca
authors.forename: Carl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: von Baeyer
authors.forename: Christine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Darby M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eakins
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors