title: Ex-vivo human lung tumor model: use for temperature measurements during thermal ablation of NSCLC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study we used an ex-vivo human lung cancer model to compare temperature diffusion during thermal ablation using one laser fiber to that of a two-fiber approach. Furthermore, we examined whether there was a difference between temperature diffusion in normal lung tissue and tumor tissue during laser ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 resected lung specimens containing non-small cell lung cancer were connected to a perfusion/ventilation apparatus and treated with 1 (22 specimens, group 1) or, in a second experiment, with 1 (13 specimens, group 2) or 2 (13 specimens, group 3) laser fibers. During tumor ablation, temperatures were measured interstitially every 5 sec. Laser ablation was followed by the taking of samples of 13 specimens for histological examination. For comparison we performed laser ablation in 7 specimens with normal lung tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laser treatment and temperature control were technically feasible in all samples. Thirty min after starting laser ablation with 1 fiber, a temperature of 61 ± 17 °C was achieved in group 1 at a distance of 10 mm from the laser fiber and a temperature of 74 ± 11 °C was achieved in group 2 (p = 0.1). In the middle between two active laser fibers placed 20 mm apart, a temperature of 93 ± 7 °C was achieved. The temperature reached in normal lung tissue after 20 min of laser ablation was 77 ± 15 °C at a distance of 10 mm from the laser fiber.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ex-vivo model allowed performance of laser-induced thermal ablation in the perfused and ventilated lung. The use of two laser fibers increases the achieved temperatures significantly (p < 0.05). Temperatures reached in normal lung tissue were as high as in tumor tissue (p = 0.24).
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. franzi_koch@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vietze
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laskowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosten
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013821:Thermometers