title: Pediatric art preferences: countering the "one-size-fits-all" approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the stated art preferences of pediatric patients through an art survey and determine whether preferences vary, with different age groups associated with different stages of cognitive development.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Exposure to visual art has been shown to have an impact on improved health and satisfaction outcomes. However, there is little literature on the effect of art on pediatric patients. While designing pediatric wards, a common assumption is to use fantasy and Disney-like themes; but research across all age groups on whether children prefer these themes is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey including 20 images with a variety of subject matter and styles was administered to 64 pediatric inpatients (ages 5-17) at Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, TX. Children were asked to rate the selection of, and their emotional response to, the images in the survey. Qualitative comments were recorded. Results were analyzed for each of the three age groups (5-6, 7-10, and 11-17 years) according to Piaget's developmental stages, as well as across all age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in art preferences across the different age groups, especially with respect to child art (art created by children). Overall, the results for 5-10-year-olds were more significant than those for 11-17-year-olds (adolescents). Nature elements were preferred across all age groups, but all nature images were not rated similarly. Images that were bright and colorful were rated better than images that were pale. The presence of a strong context that children could associate with was a defining feature of preferred images. Content drove preference more than style, though color was a key determinant. Comments on the artwork tended to be more objective/absolute for the youngest patients and more subjective/relative for the oldest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of bright colors, engaging themes, and nature content is consistently highly rated by pediatric patients. However, pediatric preferences vary significantly among the three operational stages, so one should be careful before using the "one-size-fits-all" approach. Child art, typically used in pediatric wards, is better suited for younger children than for older children.
authors.affiliation: American Art Resources, 3260 Sul Ross, Houston, TX, USA. upali.nanda@americanartresources.com
authors.forename: Upali
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: Cheryl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chanaud
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hathorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001154:Art; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004779:Environment Design; D006801:Humans; D057240:Patient Preference