title: A developmental neuroimaging investigation of the change paradigm.
abstract: This neuroimaging study examines the development of cognitive flexibility using the Change task in a sample of youths and adults. The Change task requires subjects to inhibit a prepotent response and substitute an alternative response, and the task incorporates an algorithm that adjusts task difficulty in response to subject performance. Data from both groups combined show a network of prefrontal and parietal areas that are active during the task. For adults vs. youths, a distributed network was more active for successful change trials versus go, baseline, or unsuccessful change trials. This network included areas involved in rule representation, retrieval (lateral PFC), and switching (medial PFC and parietal regions). These results are consistent with data from previous task-switching experiments and inform developmental understandings of cognitive flexibility.
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tlaura@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skup
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis