title: Concentrated intravitreal amphotericin B in fungal endophthalmitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical courses of patients who received intravitreal injections of highly concentrated amphotericin B deoxycholate for suspected fungal endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review of 3 cases of intraocular toxicity from highly concentrated amphotericin B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first patient developed posttraumatic endophthalmitis and received an undiluted dose (500 μg) of amphotericin B. He developed severe intraocular inflammation and required a pars plana lensectomy, vitrectomy, and scleral buckle after developing a cataract and retinal detachment. Six years later, his visual acuity stabilized at 20/30. The second patient developed endogenous endophthalmitis and was treated with 5 intravitreal injections of amphotericin B and underwent 3 surgical procedures. The surgeon later discovered that the patient had received 55 μg of amphotericin B during the second injection. Three months after the injection, the patient's visual acuity was 20/60. The third patient developed chronic postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. He received 160 μg of amphotericin B and was immediately treated with a vitreous washout. Two years later, his visual acuity improved to 20/30. The vitreous culture results were negative in each case. A key finding was that the amphotericin B solution appeared to be yellow instead of nearly colorless.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present 3 cases of intraocular toxicity from highly concentrated amphotericin B. In every case, the overly concentrated amphotericin B solution was yellow in color. Although severe noninfectious panophthalmitis resulted in every case, the visual acuity outcomes were good. Physicians should examine the color of amphotericin B solution prior to intraocular administration. If the solution appears to be yellow, the medication should not be injected.
authors.affiliation: Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Deborah G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Keenum
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thliveris
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kala
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002386:Cataract / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D000666:Amphotericin B; C059765:amphotericin B, deoxycholate drug combination