title: Toll like receptor 4 and membrane-bound CD14 expressions in gingivitis, periodontitis and CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immune cell recognition of lipopolysaccharides via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complexes plays a crucial role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of TLR4 and membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) in the gingival tissues of patients with gingivitis, periodontitis and CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival tissues were obtained from 10 renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine-A (CsA) and having gingival overgrowth (GO), 10 patients with chronic periodontitis, 10 generalized aggressive periodontitis, 10 gingivitis and 10 healthy subjects. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to determine the localization of TLR4 and mCD14 in tissue specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR4 and mCD14 expressions were detected in all tissues including healthy gingival biopsies. TLR4 and mCD14 positive cells were predominantly confined to the epithelium-connective tissue interface area, and were highly expressed in the basal cell layer of patients with CsA GO and chronic periodontitis, compared to healthy group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that TLR4 and mCD14 protein expressions may be interrelated and appear to be associated with periodontal disease. CsA usage seemed not to affect TLR4 and mCD14 expressions in CsA induced GO tissues.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İzmir, Turkey. sema.cinar@ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becerik
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozsan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürkan
authors.forename: Veli Özgen
authors.initials: VÖ
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016572:Cyclosporine