title: Multicystic bone disease (Gorham-Stout syndrome) in a spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In April 2000, a 2.5-year-old pet female Geoffroyi's spider monkey presented for reduced activity, a subdued demeanor, and boney enlargement involving both radii.
  
  
  METHODS
  On further examination, polyostotic bone cysts were identified involving many of the tubular bones and were identified radiographically. Microscopic examination of a bone biopsy revealed hemorrhage and other characteristics typical of an aneurysmal bone cyst. In addition, excessive osteoclasia was noted, in association with fibrotic areas rather than with Howship's lacunae as expected from a growing animal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These findings were consistent with Gorham-Stout syndrome, a rare condition reported previously in ∼175 human cases and in a dog at necropsy. The diet history and further testing suggested a negative calcium balance. Treatment included the administration of bis-phosphonates, which appeared to bring about marked improvement. Almost 8 years later (November 2008), radiographs were again taken and suggested some resolution of bone cysts, primarily those in the legs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This represents the first reported case and a potential therapy for this rare condition in a non-human primate.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. jwimsatt@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wimsatt
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Withrow
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Danner
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: Kenneth P H
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pritzker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050280:Arm Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D053819:Atelinae; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002118:Calcium / Q000172:deficiency; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007867:Leg Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010015:Osteolysis, Essential / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D002118:Calcium