title: CENP-B preserves genome integrity at replication forks paused by retrotransposon LTR.
abstract: Centromere-binding protein B (CENP-B) is a widely conserved DNA binding factor associated with heterochromatin and centromeric satellite repeats. In fission yeast, CENP-B homologues have been shown to silence long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons by recruiting histone deacetylases. However, CENP-B factors also have unexplained roles in DNA replication. Here we show that a molecular function of CENP-B is to promote replication-fork progression through the LTR. Mutants have increased genomic instability caused by replication-fork blockage that depends on the DNA binding factor switch-activating protein 1 (Sap1), which is directly recruited by the LTR. The loss of Sap1-dependent barrier activity allows the unhindered progression of the replication fork, but results in rearrangements deleterious to the retrotransposon. We conclude that retrotransposons influence replication polarity through recruitment of Sap1 and transposition near replication-fork blocks, whereas CENP-B counteracts this activity and promotes fork stability. Our results may account for the role of LTR in fragile sites, and for the association of CENP-B with pericentromeric heterochromatin and tandem satellite repeats.
authors.affiliation: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaratiegui
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: Danielle V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bähler
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arcangioli
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martienssen
mesh_terms: D051936:Centromere Protein B / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics*; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C555698:Cbh1 protein, S pombe; C427236:Cbh2 protein, S pombe; D051936:Centromere Protein B; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018626:Retroelements; C085981:Sap1 protein, S pombe; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; C097691:cbp1 protein, S pombe