title: Multiple tumor marker elevation in androgen ablation-refractory prostate cancer with long-term response to metronomic chemotherapy: a case report.
abstract: Outcomes in hormone-refractory prostate cancer are very poor. The time from progression to death is only 12-19 months. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and bone metastases treated with metronomic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide based). He had had a colon adenocarcinoma ten years before. The atypical features of this case were an unusually long-lasting response to metronomic chemotherapy and an increase in serum levels of some non-prostate-specific tumor markers (CEA and CA 19-9) that was not related to a relapse of colon cancer. We hypothesize a potential role of hypoxia inducing CA 19-9 and CEA expression in tumor cells, which may predict the development of progressive resistance to antiangiogenic therapies.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaccesi
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mignogna
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Ninno
authors.forename: Numa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Alessio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053379:Chromogranin A; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen