title: Advances in medical robotic systems with specific applications in surgery--a review.
abstract: Although robotics was started as a form of entertainment, it gradually became used in different branches of science. Medicine, particularly in the operating room, has been influenced significantly by this field. Robotic technologies have offered valuable enhancements to medical or surgical processes through improved precision, stability and dexterity. In this paper we review different robotics and computer-assisted systems developed with medical and surgical applications. We cover early and recently developed systems in different branches of surgery. In addition to the united operational systems, we provide a review of miniature robotic, diagnostic and sensory systems developed to assist or collaborate with a main operator system. At the end of the paper, a discussion is given with the aim of summarizing the proposed points and predicting the future of robotics in medicine.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Department, Laboratory of Artificial Tactile Sensing and Robotic Surgery, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran. najarian@aut.ac.ir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najarian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fallahnezhad
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Afshari
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*