title: Differences in lumbar spine load due to posture and upper limb external load.
abstract: As the lumbar region of the spine is particularly predisposed to musculoskeletal disorders, the aim of this article was to assess lumbar spine load on the basis of an accurate model of this part of the body. The model was developed with the finite element method and the energy criterion for optimising muscle work. Computer calculations confirmed that stresses and compression forces in intervertebral discs increased with an increase in the load force and that they were significantly larger in the bent forwards posture than in the erect posture. This result clearly shows that lifting light objects and the erect posture are important elements in minimising spine load.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute for Labour Protection, National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland. jozab@ciop.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamińska
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roman-Liu
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zagrajek
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borkowski
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000502:physiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology