title: The effect of epiblepharon surgery on visual acuity and with-the-rule astigmatism in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of epiblepharon surgery on visual acuity and with-the-rule astigmatism in children compared to patients without surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective case control study and reviewed the charts of 202 eyes treated with epiblepharon surgery and of 142 eyes without surgery. The surgical procedure for epiblepharon correction used rotating suture techniques. Data regarding age, best corrected visual acuity, and degree of astigmatism were recorded. Baseline and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative data were collected. The chi-square test, Student's t-test and general linear model analysis for repeated measures were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean astigmatism in the surgical group decreased from 1.10 ± 1.02 diopter (D) preoperatively to 0.84 ± 1.05 D at 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference compared to the non-surgical group during the first year. The general linear model analysis comparing the mean astigmatism between the two groups over time showed a significant group-time interaction (p < 0.05). Within the surgical group, the higher baseline astigmatic subgroup and the 5- to 8-year-old group demonstrated greater cylinder reduction over time. The change in mean visual acuity was not significant in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant astigmatic reduction was found after surgical correction in epiblepharon patients. Patients with higher baseline astigmatism exhibited greater astigmatic reduction after epiblepharon surgery. These results suggest that, in order to reduce astigmatism, an epiblepharon operation should be considered in patients with a high level of astigmatism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Na Mi
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hee Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005140:Eyelashes / Q000473:pathology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity