title: Prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the 5-year survival rate and prognostic factors for survival in patients with colorectal cancer treated at the Surgical Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 115 patients treated in HUSM from 1996 to 2005. Data of variables considered as prognostic factors were obtained from the records. Simple and multiple Cox proportional hazard regression using the stepwise method were used to model the prognostic factors for survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the significant prognostic factors were liver metastases [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 3.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.95-7.22], Dukes C stage (adjusted HR: 4.65; 95% CI: 2.37-9.11), Dukes D stage (adjusted HR: 6.71; 95% CI: 2.92-15.48) and non-surgical treatment (adjusted HR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.26-11.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colorectal patients treated at HUSM with Dukes C staging, presence of liver metastases and received treatment with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are at the greatest risk of death from colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Anis Kausar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.forename: Kamarul Imran
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: Nyi Nyi
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.forename: Zainal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahmood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult