title: An evolving NGF-Hoxd1 signaling pathway mediates development of divergent neural circuits in vertebrates.
abstract: Species are endowed with unique sensory capabilities that are encoded by divergent neural circuits. One potential explanation for how divergent circuits have evolved is that conserved extrinsic signals are differentially interpreted by developing neurons of different species to yield unique patterns of axonal connections. Although nerve growth factor (NGF) controls survival, maturation and axonal projections of nociceptors of different vertebrates, whether the NGF signal is differentially transduced in different species to yield unique features of nociceptor circuits is unclear. We identified a species-specific signaling module induced by NGF and mediated by a rapidly evolving Hox transcription factor, Hoxd1. NGF promoted robust expression of Hoxd1 in mice, but not chickens, both in vivo and in vitro. Mice lacking Hoxd1 displayed altered nociceptor circuitry that resembles that normally found in chicks. Conversely, ectopic expression of Hoxd1 in developing chick nociceptors promoted a pattern of axonal projections reminiscent of the mouse. Thus, conserved growth factors control divergent neuronal transcriptional events that mediate interspecies differences in neural circuits and the behaviors that they control.
authors.affiliation: Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandai
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Condie
authors.forename: S Rasika
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wickramasinghe
authors.forename: Mario R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Capecchi
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ginty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008116:Lizards; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000378:metabolism; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486697:Hoxd1 protein, mouse; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor