title: Management of Cushing's disease after failed surgery--a review.
abstract: Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy is generally recommended for initial treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) because it achieves a high (70-85%) rate of remission. However, if initial surgery is not successful, the approach to persistent or recurrent CD is more complex. Because residual or recurrent adenoma is typically found at the site of the original adenoma, repeat transsphenoidal surgery is recommended including selective adenomectomy, hemihypophysectomy or total hypophysectomy. If repeat pituitary surgery does not achieve remission, then possible adjuvant therapies include radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy, bilateral adrenalectomy, and/or medical therapy. In all cases of persistent or recurrent CD, successful treatment requires close collaboration of endocrinologists, radiation oncologists and neurosurgeons.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Institute & Brain Tumor Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Amin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prevedello
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007016:Hypophysectomy / Q000379:methods; D047748:Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome