title: Managing psychosocial issues in a family with diabetes.
abstract: Managing diabetes in a child or teen requires constant attention and adjustment of insulin, carbohydrate intake, and activity level. Intensive diabetes management has the potential to improve diabetes outcomes; however, negotiating the many lifestyle accommodations essential to optimal diabetes control can place a significant burden on some children and families. Parenting a child with diabetes also involves a complex process of helping the child to achieve age-appropriate independence while assuring the child's safety in managing his or her diabetes. Each developmental stage brings new challenges to achieving the delicate balance between optimal diabetes control and age-appropriate independence in self-care management. Despite the laborious and intensive nature of diabetes treatment, an overarching goal of parenting a child with diabetes is to ensure that the family's quality of life is maintained and the child is able to participate in all academic and social activities that their peers enjoy. Although many families adapt and thrive, others struggle to make these adjustments. Working with families who are overwhelmed, encouraging them to identify and develop networks involving schools, extended family, community, and church groups can help them to increase available support. Helping families to access treatment when they are struggling can relieve further pain and improve management adherence and diabetes outcomes. Nurses are in a key position to evaluate the family's adaptive and coping skills and assist them to negotiate the psychosocial challenges that living with diabetes entails.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center for Children, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Ayala@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000523:psychology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010372:Pediatrics; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States