title: Peptides that bind the HIV-1 integrase and modulate its enzymatic activity--kinetic studies and mode of action.
abstract: Several peptides that specifically bind the HIV-1 integrase (IN) and either inhibit or stimulate its enzymatic activity were developed in our laboratories. Kinetic studies using 3'-end processing and strand-transfer assays were performed to study the mode of action of these peptides. The effects of the various peptides on the interaction between IN and its substrate DNA were also studied by fluorescence anisotropy. On the basis of our results, we divided these IN-interacting peptides into three groups: (a) IN-inhibitory peptides, whose binding to IN decrease its affinity for the substrate DNA - these peptides increased the K(m) of the IN-DNA interaction, and were thus inhibitory; (b) peptides that slightly increased the K(m) of the IN-DNA interaction, but in addition modified the V(max) and K(cat) values of the IN, and thus stimulated or inhibited IN activity, respectively; and (c) peptides that bound IN but had no effect on its enzymatic activity. We elucidated the approximate binding sites of the peptides in the structure of IN, providing structural insights into their mechanism of action. The IN-stimulating peptide bound IN in several specific sites that did not bind any of the inhibitory peptides. This may account for its unique activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Aviad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Hadar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benyamini
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hayouka
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedler
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loyter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000502:physiology; D055162:Biocatalysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004247:DNA; D019427:HIV Integrase; C514801:p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1