title: Pathophysiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection: an experimental model utilizing transmission electron microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains have been associated with persistent diarrhea in several developing countries. In vivo procedures with animal models as rat, rabbit and gnotobiotic piglets intestinal loops, in vitro assays with cellular lines like T84, Caco 2, HT29, HeLa e HEp-2 and in vitro organ culture with intestinal fragments have been applied to study these bacteria and their pathogenicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present experimental research assessed the pathogenic interactions of three enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains, using the in vitro organ culture, in order to observe and compare alterations in different regions of both, the ileal and the colonic mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study applied intestinal fragments from terminal ileum and colon that were excised from pediatric and adult patients that underwent colonoscopic procedures. Tissue was fixed for transmission electron microscopic study. Each bacterium was tested with three intestinal fragments for each region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains colonized and provoked citotoxic effects in the ileal and colonic mucosa. Total or partial villi destruction, vacuolization of basal cytoplasm of the enterocytes, epithelium detachment, derangement of the structure and epithelial cell extrusion in ileal mucosa could explain the perpetuation of the diarrhea. Bacterial aggregates were seen in intestinal lumen associated with mucus and cellular debris and in the intercellular spaces of the destroyed epithelium, suggesting bacterial invasion that seemed to be secondary to the destruction of the tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea should include alterations in the small bowel structures where the digestive-absorptive functions take place. In the colonic mucosa the inflammatory lesions could explain the occurrence of colitis.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jacy Alves Braga de
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freymüller
authors.forename: Ulysses
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fagundes-Neto
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007223:Infant; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission