title: The change of rotational freedom following different insertion torques in three implant systems with implant driver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implant drivers are getting popular in clinical dentistry. Unlike to implant systems with external hex connection, implant drivers directly engage the implant/abutment interface. The deformation of the implant/abutment interface can be introduced while placing an implant with its implant driver in clinical situations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the change of rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment after application of different insertion torques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three kinds of internal connection implants were utilized for the current study (4.5 × 12 mm Xive, 4.3 × 11.5 mm Inplant Magicgrip, 4.3 × 12 mm Implantium MF). An EstheticBase, a 2-piece top, a Dual abutment was used for its corresponding implant system. The rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment were measured before and after applying 45, 100 Ncm insertion torque. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under 45 Ncm insertion torque, the rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment was significantly increased in Xive (P = .003). However, no significant change was noted in Inplant Magicgrip and Implantium MF. Under 100 Ncm torque, both in Xive (P = .0005) and Implatium MF (P = .03) resulted in significantly increased rotational freedom between the implant and its abutment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The design of the implant/implant driver interface effectively prevented the deformation of implant/abutment interface. Little change was noted in the rotational freedom between an implant and its abutment, even though the insertion torque was far beyond clinical application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implant/abutment joint of internally connecting implants were quite stable under insertion torque in clinical situation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, YongDong Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Chong-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sun-Jai
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang