title: Serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 is not associated with risk of HIV infection: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  adenoviruses are among the most promising vectors for the development of an HIV vaccine. The results of the phase IIB study of the adenovirus serotype 5-based Merck Trivalent HIV vaccine have raised the concern that serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) could be linked to HIV acquisition risk in high-risk individuals. We examined the association between adenovirus serostatus and the rate of incident HIV infection in populations at elevated risk of HIV acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  we performed a nested case-control study of Ad5 serostatus among 299 HIV-infected and 590 matched HIV-uninfected persons participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and in HPTN 039, a study of herpes simplex virus 2 suppression among adults in the United States, South America, and Africa. Appropriate HIV cases and controls were identified in each cohort, and Ad5-neutralizing antibody titers were compared in these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  in MACS and HPTN 039, the relative risks of incident HIV infection among Ad5-seropositive vs. Ad5-seronegative individuals were 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.8-1.5, P = 0.57) and 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.4-2.3, P = 0.99), respectively. HIV-1 acquisition rates did not vary significantly by Ad5-neutralizing antibody titer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the presence of Ad5-neutralizing antibodies is not linked to the risk of HIV acquisition among populations at elevated risk of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA. cemarcel@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Marcel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Curlin
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cassis-Ghavami
authors.forename: Amalia S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Magaret
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duerr
authors.forename: Connie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Celum
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Margolick
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detels
authors.forename: M Juliana
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McElrath
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013020:South America; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing