title: Evaluation of T2 values and apparent diffusion coefficient of the masseter muscle by clenching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in T2 values and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the masseter muscle by clenching in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  37 volunteers were enrolled in the study. We measured bite force using pressure-sensitive paper and a T2 map. The ADC map was obtained at rest, during clenching, immediately after and 5 min after clenching. The spin-echo sequence was used to calculate T2, and single-shot spin-echo echo planar imaging was used to calculate the ADC. The motion-probing gradients (MPGs) were applied separately along the posterior-to-anterior (PA), right-to-left (RL) and superior-to-inferior (SI) directions, with b values of 0, 300 and 600 s mm(-2) in each direction. ADC-PA, ADC-RL, and ADC-SI values were obtained, and we calculated the ADC-iso for the mean diffusivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the stronger and weaker sides of bite force before, during or 5 min after clenching for T2 and ADC. The bite force had little effect on these parameters; thus, we used the average of the two sides for the following analyses. Time course analysis of ADC-iso, ADC-PA, ADC-RL and ADC-SI demonstrated a marked increase after clenching and a rapid decrease immediately after clenching, although they did not completely return to the initial values; however, the change in ADC-RL was significantly greater than those in ADC-PA or ADC-SI (P<0.001 each). The changes in T2 were similar to those of ADC, although not as marked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADC (especially ADC-RL) was altered by contraction of the masseter muscle.
authors.affiliation: Section of Image Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostics and General Care, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura 2-15-1, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan. ts0607@college.fdcnet.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chikui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001732:Bite Force; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D055815:Young Adult