title: Molecular characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from Monostroma nitidum and their in vitro anticancer and immunomodulatory activities.
abstract: We investigated water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Monostroma nitidum using ion-exchange chromatography to determine their molecular characteristics and biological activities. The crude and fractionated polysaccharides (F(1), F(2), and F(3)) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (58.3-91.9%), uronic acids (0-21.8%) and sulfates (1.8-17.7%) as well as varying amounts of proteins (1.6-9.4%). Their monosaccharide levels were significantly different including rhamnose (0-95.7%) and glucose (0-98.6%) content with small amounts of xylose (0.8-4.3%). These polysaccharides contained one or two subfractions with average molecular weights (M(w)) ranging from 94.4 to 1387×10(3) g/mol. The in vitro inhibitory activity (≤75%) of the polysaccharides on a human cancer cell line (AGS) suggested that the polysaccharides had direct cytotoxic effects on the cancer cells. In addition, these hetero-polysaccharides (from the crude and F(1) and F(2) fractions) stimulated a macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7 cells, inducing considerable NO and PGE(2), production, which suggested that they could be strong immunomodulators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Supatra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karnjanapratum
authors.forename: SangGuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015232:Dinoprostone