title: Practice variation in common fracture presentations: a survey of orthopaedic surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Practice variation may indicate a lack of clear evidence to guide treatment. This study aims to quantify practice variation for common orthopaedic fractures, and to explore possible predictors of the variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide electronic survey of Australian orthopaedic surgeons was performed. Five common fractures (ankle, scaphoid, distal radius, neck of humerus, and clavicle) were presented. Data on management preferences and surgeon background were gathered. Potential predictors of operative (vs. non-operative) treatment were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  358 of 760 (47%) surgeons responded. For the ankle, undisplaced scaphoid, distal radius, neck of humerus and clavicle fractures, operative treatment was chosen in 40%, 44%, 77%, 26% and 38%, respectively. Operative treatment was significantly more likely to be chosen by more junior surgeons, and by surgeons specialising in the affected area (i.e., shoulder surgeons for clavicle and neck of humerus fractures, and hand surgeons for scaphoid and distal radius fractures).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations exist in the management of common fractures. Variation may represent legitimate improvisation for varying clinical scenarios, but it may reflect clinician bias, which in turn, may contribute to varying standards of care for the management of common conditions.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC, NSW 1871, Australia. uhussaina@gmail.com
authors.forename: Umair
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adie
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Naylor
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D059039:Standard of Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires