title: Surgical epiphysiodesis indications and techniques: update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a summary of epiphysiodesis indications and to report most recent advances in the field, along with their clinical relevance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS) and guided growth using eight plates represent the most recent techniques used for hemiepiphysiodesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PETS and guided growth have yielded very good results and low rates of complications and are the current standard for the management of angular deformities of the lower extremities in children. Permanent percutaneous epiphysiodesis remains the preferred method for the treatment of limb length discrepancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Boulevard Alfred Naccache, Ashrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon. ismat.ghanem@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ismat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Roger F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Widmann
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*