title: HBV or HCV coinfections and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected individuals: the D:A:D Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on a link between HCV or HBV infection and the development of cardiovascular disease among HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals are conflicting. We sought to investigate the association between HBV or HCV infection and myocardial infarction in HIV-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective observational database of the D:A:D collaboration of 11 cohorts of HIV-infected individuals, including 212 clinics in Europe, the United States and Australia was used. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to assess the effect of HCV or HBV infection on the development of myocardial infarction after adjustment for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes mellitus and exposure to antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 33,347 individuals, 517 developed a myocardial infarction over 157,912 person-years, with an event rate of 3.3 events/1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-3.6). Event rates (95% CIs) per 1,000 person-years in those who were HCV-seronegative and HCV-seropositive were 3.3 (3.0-3.7) and 2.7 (2.2-3.3), respectively, and for those who were HBV-seronegative, had inactive infection or had active infection were 3.2 (2.8-3.5), 4.2 (3.1-5.2) and 2.8 (1.8-3.9), respectively. After adjustment, there was no association between HCV seropositivity (rate ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.62-1.19]), inactive HBV infection (rate ratio 1.07 [95% CI 0.79-1.43]) or active HBV infection (rate ratio 0.78 [95% CI 0.52-1.15]) and the development of myocardial infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no association between HBV or HCV coinfection and the development of myocardial infarction among HIV-infected individuals.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Signe W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Worm
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabis
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Arminio Monforte
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontas
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Sadr
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rickenbach
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ledergerber
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies