title: Study of parathyroid transcription factor Gcm2 expression in parathyroid lesions.
abstract: Glial cells missing 2 (Gcm2) is a master regulatory gene of parathyroid gland development, and it is exclusively expressed in the parathyroid gland. Diagnostic application of anti-Gcm2 antibody has not been reported yet. In this study, a total of 58 cases of parathyroid lesions including 40 adenomas, 2 atypical adenomas, 2 carcinomas, 9 hyperplastic lesions, 4 parathyroid cysts, and 1 case of recurrent hyperplasia of an autograft gland were stained with anti-Gcm2 antibody. Anti-Gcm2 was also applied to a variety of endocrine tumors, including thyroid tumors and nonendocrine tumors, and normal tissues from a variety of organs, including the parathyroid and thyroid glands. Gcm2 nuclear expression was seen in all the normal parathyroid glands, and cystic, hyperplastic, and neoplastic parathyroid lesions in a diffuse manner, whereas no Gcm2 expression was seen in any other normal tissues and tumors, including those of the thymus and thyroid gland. Anti-Gcm2 antibody is a highly sensitive and specific marker for parathyroid lesions. Although the immunohistochemistry stain for parathyroid hormone is a useful marker, its reaction tends to be variable in extent and intensity in parathyroid neoplasia, and it is often negative in parathyroid cysts, and Gcm2 would serve as a useful adjunct marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. Daisuke.Nonaka@christie.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nonaka
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D003560:Cysts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C119532:GCM2 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors