title: Spasm of the near reflex: treatment with miotics revisited.
abstract: Spasm of the near reflex, as first described by Cogan in 1955, is a triad of intermittent convergent strabismus, accommodative spasm, and pupillary miosis. The accommodative spasm induces pseudo-myopia that is usually accompanied by visual blurring. It is a functional disorder that has been attributed to hysteria, although it can have an organic etiology. Definitive treatment remains problematic since the etiology is often elusive.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christoff
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Christiansen