title: Vascular endothelial growth factor, p53, and the H-ras oncogene in Egyptian patients with bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, and the H-ras oncogene and different clinicopathological parameters in Egyptian patients with Schistosoma-associated transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 50 patients with transitional cell carcinoma for whom radical cystectomy and urinary diversions were carried out. VEGF and p53 protein expressions were evaluated with an immunohistochemical staining method, and H-ras oncogene mutations were analyzed with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High grade tumors revealed higher p53 immunostaining than low grade tumors (P = 0.016). p53 and VEGF protein expressions, as well as H-ras oncogene mutations, had an insignificant impact on patient outcomes (P = 0.962, P = 0.791, and P = 967, respectively). Cancer extension to regional lymph nodes was associated with poor outcomes (P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF, p53 and the H-ras oncogene have no relation to patient survival and outcome in Schistosoma-associated transitional cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Farha A El-Chennawi, Fatma A Auf, Shereen S Metwally, Youssef M Mosaad, Ziyad E Tawhid, Zakaria F Lotfy, Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35111, Egypt.
authors.forename: Farha A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: El-Chennawi
authors.forename: Fatma A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Auf
authors.forename: Shereen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Metwally
authors.forename: Youssef M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Mosaad
authors.forename: Atallah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.forename: Mahmoud Abdo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Baz
authors.forename: Ziyad E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Tawhid
authors.forename: Zakaria F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lotfy