title: The two layer method does not improve the preservation of porcine kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Two layer method (TLM) has been extremely successful in the preservation of the pancreas. However, this has not been thoroughly investigated in other organs or in clinically relevant large animal models. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of TLM in a large animal model of kidney preservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine kidneys were retrieved after 10 minutes of warm ischaemic injury and flushed with 300 ml UW solution at 4°C. Kidneys were then either placed in University of Wisconsin solution (UW) or TLM using pre-oxygenated perfluorodecalin and UW. Kidneys were stored for 18 hours at 4°C then reperfused with oxygenated autologous blood to assess renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal blood flow (RBF) was significantly lower and intra-renal resistance (IRR) higher in TLM compared to UW group [Area under the curve (AUC) RBF, UW; 427±168 vs TLM; 247±55 ml/min/100g.h; P=0.041, AUC IRR, UW; 7.7±2.2 vs TLM; 10.5±1.9 ml/min/mmHg; P=0.041]. Levels of creatinine clearance (CrCl) were significantly lower in TLM group [AUC CrCl, UW; 1.8±1.0 vs TLM; 0.6±0.4 ml/min/100 g.h; P=0.034]. Levels of lipid peroxidation were significantly lower in TLM group [8-isoprostane/Cr ratio 3h; UW 3338±896 vs TLM 2072±886 pg/ml/mmol/L; P=0.04]. Levels of total nitric oxide were significantly higher in TLM group (P=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLM did not improve the preservation condition of porcine kidneys. Furthermore, there appeared to be increased inflammation, endothelial injury and reduced renal function compared to preservation with UW. Further experimental work is needed to determine the role of PFC in kidney preservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Transplant Group, University of Leicester, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, U.K.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosgood
authors.forename: Ismail H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002200:Capillary Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D000493:Allopurinol; D003404:Creatinine; D015237:Dinoprost; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose