title: Coping and resilience in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) must cope with the ongoing stress of treatment management, so it is important to identify the most adaptive coping strategies. Previous studies, however, have typically measured broad categories of coping (e.g. approach/avoidance) and few used instruments specifically designed for this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article aimed to use a developmentally sensitive coping measure to explore how the use of specific coping strategies impacts resilience (i.e. quality of life, competence and metabolic control) in adolescents with T1D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty adolescents with T1D between the ages of 10 and 16 and their mothers completed questionnaires on adolescents' coping strategy use, competence and quality of life. Clinical data (i.e. HbA1c) were obtained from adolescents' medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater use of primary control coping strategies (e.g. problem solving, emotional expression) was associated with higher competence scores, better quality of life and better metabolic control. Secondary control coping strategies (e.g. acceptance, distraction) were related to higher social competence, better quality of life and better metabolic control. Finally, the use of disengagement coping strategies (e.g. withdrawal or denial) was linked with lower competence and poorer metabolic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support the use of developmentally sensitive coping measures by researchers and clinicians to determine the most effective coping strategies for adolescents with T1D.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536,USA. sarah.jaser@yale.edu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jaser
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012928:Social Desirability; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires