title: Evolution and suppression of HBV strains with multidrug resistance to lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir in a patient with chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: Here, we report a case of multidrug resistance in a patient with chronic hepatitis B. The patient sequentially received lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir, and subsequently developed single-, double- and triple-drug-resistant HBV strains. We consider this case report important because it documents, for the first time, that triple-drug-resistant HBV strains identified in a clinical setting were suppressible by lamivudine add-on adefovir dipivoxil when tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was not available.
authors.affiliation: Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Huifen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zoulim
authors.forename: Dongping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010802:Phylogeny; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; C413685:entecavir; D006147:Guanine; D000225:Adenine; C106812:adefovir dipivoxil