title: Effect of implant drill characteristics on heat generation in osteotomy sites: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drill-bone contact area on bone temperature during osteotomy preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional triflute Ø3.6 mm drills were modified with the intent to reduce frictional heat induction. The peripheral dimensions of the drill were reduced 0.15, 0.35 and 0.5 mm to evaluate the effect of surface area on induction of frictional heat between the drill and bone/cutting debris (parameter A). Also, the lateral cutting surface of the drill was set to 0.1, 2 and 7.5 mm to estimate heat induced by direct function of the drill (parameter B). A non-modified triflute drill (parameter A: 0 mm; parameter B: 15 mm) served as control. Thus, nine drills with different A/B combinations vs. one control were tested in artificial bone. Real-time temperature changes (during drilling and withdrawing) were assessed using an infrared thermal imager. Each drilling procedure was performed up to 20 times. Thermal image data were transferred to a PC for simultaneous analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean temperature changes for all modified drill combinations were smaller than for the control (P<0.001). The effects of parameters A and B were statistically significant (P<0.001). There was a significant interaction effect between the two parameters (P<0.001) showing that the effect of parameter A on the mean temperature changes is different depending on the values of parameter B. As the dimensions of parameter B decreased, the temperature change during drilling also decreased. However, a tendency for the temperature to increase or decrease by parameter A was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this pilot study, the observations herein suggest that reduction in contact area between the drill and bone reduces heat induction. Further studies to optimize drill/bone contact dimensions are needed.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaLaboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USAImplant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaLaboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USAImplant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ulf Me
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaLaboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USAImplant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaLaboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USAImplant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaLaboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USAImplant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Gwan
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaLaboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USAImplant R&D Center, Osstem Implant Inc., Busan, KoreaDepartment of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003755:Dental High-Speed Technique; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D003762:Dental Instruments; D004867:Equipment Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010027:Osteotomy; D010865:Pilot Projects