title: Gender difference in the association between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and morningness–eveningness.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and morningness–eveningness in adulthood. Subjects without psychiatric comorbidity on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (n = 344) completed the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Adult Self-Report Scale for ADHD. MEQ showed an independent and negative association with ADHD symptoms (P < 0.0001). In male subjects, both inattention (P < 0.0001) and hyperactivity–impulsivity were associated with MEQ (P = 0.01). In female subjects, only inattention was associated with MEQ (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that eveningness may be strongly associated with inattention of adult ADHD and that it may be associated with hyperactivity–impulsivity of adult ADHD in male subjects only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yu Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: In Hee
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Seog Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017440:Photoperiod; D057566:Self Report; D012727:Sex Characteristics