title: Effect of CPP-ACP addition on physical properties of zinc oxide non-eugenol temporary cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a milk derivative which holds nanoclusters of calcium and phosphate ions. The presence of CPP-ACP has been found to reduce demineralization and enhance remineralization in subsurface enamel and in dentin. Incorporation of CPP-ACP into luting cements has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the physical properties of two commercially available zinc oxide non-eugenol temporary luting cements with incorporation of up to 8% (w/w) CPP-ACP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Setting time, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, film thickness and solubility tests were investigated for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 8.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP incorporated into Freegenol™ and Temp-Bond(®) NE. Tests were carried out based on ISO 3107 requirements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compressive and diametral tensile strengths progressively decreased with increasing concentrations of up to 8.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP incorporated into both Freegenol™ and Temp-Bond(®) NE. Setting time was delayed beyond ISO requirements. Film thickness was not adversely affected. Increased solubility of Temp-Bond(®) NE with 8.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP incorporation suggested an effect of the CPP-ACP on this property for this cement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incorporation of up to 8.0% (w/w) CPP-ACP into two zinc oxide non-eugenol luting cements has no adverse effects on the film thickness, compressive strength and diametral tensile strength of the cements investigated. Solubility investigations suggest that CPP-ACP leaches out of the zinc oxide non-eugenol luting cements into an aqueous environment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3010, Australia. rhkwong@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Rebecca H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Palamara
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003890:Desiccation; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012995:Solubility; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D003738:Dental Cements; C078077:Freegenol; C474196:Tempbond NE; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C449162:zinc oxide-non-eugenol cement; D014867:Water; D015034:Zinc Oxide