title: Factors influencing outcome of simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation: a 23-year single-center clinical experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation (SKPT) has become an effective treatment for patients who have diabetes mellitus type I with advanced nephropathy. This study assesses the progress of the SKPT program at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, and evaluates prognostic factors for graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1986 and September 2009, we performed 113 SKPT. The immunosuppression protocols changed over time and are defined as era 1, cyclosporine (CyA), atzathioprine (AZA) and steroids (C/A/S); era 2, C/A/S with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction (C/A/S/A); era 3, CyA, mycophenolate mofetic (MMF), steroids and ATG induction (C/M/S/A); era 4, tacrolimus (TAC), MMF, steroid, and ATG induction (T/M/S/A) and era 5, TAC, MMF, steroids and basiliximab induction (T/M/S/B). We analyzed donor/recipient/operative and postoperative variables to assess their influence on pancreas graft and patient survivals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year patient survivals were 95.5%, 84.1%, and 65.5%, respectively. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall pancreas graft survivals were 77.6%, 58.4%, and 48.4%. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year pancreas graft survivals in SKPT patients transplanted between October 1997 and September 2009. (T/M/S/A and T/M/S/B; eras 4 and 5) were 95.3%, 72.7%, and 63.1%, respectively, which was significantly better than those of patients transplanted between February 1986 and September 1997 (era, 1 through 3) (P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively). The quadruple regimen with TAC and MMF (eras 4 and 5) decreased the incidence of acute rejection episodes compared with eras 1 through 3 (P < 0.0001). Basiliximab induction (T/M/S/B; era 5) reduced the CMV infection rate compared with eras 1 through 4 (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that donor age (younger than 40 years), immunosuppressive regimen with TAC and MMF (eras 4 and 5), and absence of acute rejection episodes independently affected pancreas graft survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate a superiority of the quadruple protocol with T/M/S/B for graft and patient survival with a decreased incidence of CMV infection after SKPT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Department of Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. shinji.yamamoto@akademiska.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tufveson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahlberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wadström
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biglarnia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents