title: Angle imaging: advances and challenges.
abstract: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major form of glaucoma in large populous countries in East and South Asia. The high visual morbidity from PACG is related to the destructive nature of the asymptomatic form of the disease. Early detection of anatomically narrow angles is important and the subsequent prevention of visual loss from PACG depends on an accurate assessment of the anterior chamber angle (ACA). This review paper discusses the advantages and limitations of newer ACA imaging technologies, namely ultrasound biomicroscopy, Scheimpflug photography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and EyeCam, highlighting the current clinical evidence comparing these devices with each other and with clinical dynamic indentation gonioscopy, the current reference standard.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Desmond T L
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Quek
authors.forename: Monisha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nongpiur
authors.forename: Shamira A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006068:Gonioscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence