title: Sporothrix schenckii complex and sporotrichosis, an emerging health problem.
abstract: Sporothrix schenckii, now named the S. schenckii species complex, has largely been known as the etiological agent of sporotrichosis, which is an acute or chronic subcutaneous mycosis of humans and other mammals. Gene sequencing has revealed the following species in the S. schenckii complex: Sporothrix albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix luriei, Sporothrix mexicana and S. schenckii. The increasing number of reports of Sporothrix infection in immunocompromised patients, mainly the HIV-infected population, suggests sporotrichosis as an emerging global health problem concomitant with the AIDS pandemic. Molecular studies have demonstrated a high level of intraspecific variability. Components of the S. schenckii cell wall that act as adhesins and immunogenic inducers, such as a 70-kDa glycoprotein, are apparently specific to this fungus. The main glycan peptidorhamnomannan cell wall component is the only O-linked glycan structure known in S. schenckii. It contains an α-mannobiose core followed by one α-glucuronic acid unit, which may be mono- or di-rhamnosylated. The oligomeric structure of glucosamine-6-P synthase has led to a significant advance in the development of antifungals targeted to the enzyme's catalytic domain in S. schenckii.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: Everardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Romero
authors.forename: María del Rocío
authors.initials: Mdel R
authors.lastname: Reyes-Montes
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Torres
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Baca
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Villagómez-Castro
authors.forename: Héctor M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mora-Montes
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores-Carreón
authors.forename: Conchita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toriello
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D004285:Dogs; D005945:Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005945:Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)