title: Diketopiperazines from marine organisms.
abstract: Diketopiperazines (DKPs), which are cyclic dipeptides, have been detected in a variety of natural resources. Recently, the interest in these compounds increased significantly because of their remarkable bioactivity. This review deals with the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activities of DKPs from marine microorganisms, sponges, sea stars, tunicates (ascidians), and red algae. The literature has been covered up to December 2008, and a total 124 DKPs from 104 publications have been discussed and reviewed. Some of these compounds have been found to possess various bioactivities including cytotoxicity, and antibacterial, antifungal, antifouling, plant-growth regulatory, and other activities.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P R China.
authors.forename: Riming
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Tunhai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xianwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry*; D054659:Diketopiperazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry; D014561:Urochordata / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators