title: Prenatal evaluation of the middle ear and diagnosis of middle ear hypoplasia using MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of the middle ear with fetal MRI has not been previously reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To show the contribution of fetal MRI to middle ear imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tympanic cavity was evaluated in 108 fetal cerebral MRI examinations (facial and/or cerebral malformation excluded) and in two cases, one of Treacher Collins syndrome (case 1) and the other of oculo-auriculo-vertebral (OUV) spectrum (case 2) with middle ear hypoplasia identified by MRI at 27 and 36 weeks' gestation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 108 fetuses (mean gestational age 32.5 weeks), the tympanic cavity and T2 hypointensity related to the ossicles were well visualised on both sides. Case 1 had micro/retrognathia and bilateral external ear deformity and case 2 had retrognathism with a left low-set and deformed ear. MRI made it possible to recognize the marked hypoplasia of the tympanic cavity, which was bilateral in case 1 and unilateral in case 2. Both syndromes are characterized by craniofacial abnormalities including middle ear hypoplasia, which cannot be diagnosed with US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The middle ear cavity can be visualized with fetal MRI. We emphasize the use of this imaging modality in the diagnosis of middle ear hypoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Service de Radiologie, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eldad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katorza
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nahama-Allouche
authors.forename: Vanina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castaigne
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galliani
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jouannic
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: Hubert Ducou
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: le Pointe
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garel
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies