title: Cost-effectiveness of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign protocol for severe sepsis: a prospective nation-wide study in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe sepsis is associated with high mortality and increased costs. The 'Surviving Sepsis Campaign' (SSC) protocol was developed as an international initiative to reduce mortality. However, its cost-effectiveness is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cost-effectiveness of the SSC protocol for the treatment of severe sepsis in Spain after the implementation of an educational program compared with the conventional care of severe sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational prospective before-and-after study.
  
  
  METHODS
  59 medical-surgical intensive care units located throughout Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 854 patients were enrolled in the pre-educational program cohort (usual or standard care of severe sepsis) and 1,465 patients in the post-educational program cohort (SSC protocol care of severe sepsis).
  
  
  METHODS
  The educational program aimed to increase adherence to the SSC protocol. The SSC protocol included pharmacological and medical interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical (hospital mortality) and economic (health-care resource and treatment costs) outcomes were recorded. A health-care system perspective was used for costs. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the SSC protocol care cohort had a lower risk of hospital mortality (44.0% vs. 39.7%, P = 0.04). However, mean costs per patient were 1,736 euros higher in the SSC protocol care cohort (95% CI 114-3,358 euros), largely as a result of increased length of stay. Mean life years gained (LYG) were higher in the SSC protocol care cohort: 0.54 years (95% CI 0.02-1.05 years). The adjusted ICER of the SSC protocol was 4,435 euros per LYG. Nearly all (96.5%) the bootstrap replications were below the threshold of 30,000 euros per LYG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SSC protocol seems to be a cost-effective option for treating severe sepsis in Spain.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología y Evaluación, Instituto Universitario Fundación Parc Tauli, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain. david.suarez.lamas@gmail.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artigas
authors.forename: Izaskun
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azkarate
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnacho-Montero
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gomà
authors.forename: Mitchell M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin