title: Quantitative evaluation of benzene, toluene, and xylene in the larvae of Drosophila melanogaster by solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for potential use in toxicological studies.
abstract: A simple, rapid, and solvent-free method for quantitative determination of benzene, toluene, and Xylene in exposed Drosophila larvae was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to GC/MS. Larvae fed on standard Drosophila food mixed with benzene, toluene, and Xylene for 48 h were homogenized in Milli-Q water. Extraction of benzene, toluene, and Xylene was performed at 65 degrees C for 30 min on the SPME fiber (silica-fused). Subsequently, the fiber was desorbed in the GC injection port, followed by GC/MS analysis in the selected-ion monitoring mode. An external calibration curve was used for the quantification of benzene, toluene, and Xylene in the exposed organism. Recoveries were in the range of 78-82% (intraday) and 76-81% (interday) in larvae, and 91-96% (intraday) and 87-92% (interday) in the diet. LOD with an S/N of 3:1 and LOQ with an S/N of 10:1 were in the range of 0.01-0.023 and 0.034-0.077 microg/L, respectively. Percent RSD values for benzene, toluene, and Xylene were in the range of 0.50-0.81 (intraday) and 0.89-1.23 (interday) for retention time, and 2.16--3.85 (intraday) and 2.99-4.95 (interday) for peak concentration, showing good repeatability. This method was sensitive enough to quantitate benzene, toluene, and Xylene in small exposed organisms like Drosophila larvae. The SPME/GC/MS method developed may have wider applications in various in vivo toxicological studies.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Analytical Chemistry Section, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India. mohanitrc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mohana Krishna Reddy
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mudiam
authors.forename: Mahendra Pratap
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Debapratim Kar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chowdhuri
authors.forename: Ramesh Chandra
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; D001554:Benzene