title: Correlation of resting and exercising endoscopic findings for horses with dynamic laryngeal collapse and palatal dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To correlate resting and exercising endoscopic grades of laryngeal function in horses undergoing high-speed treadmill endoscopy (HSTE) using the Havemeyer grading system. To correlate dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) seen at rest with palatal function during exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of horses that underwent HSTE examination (1999-2009) were reviewed. Resting laryngeal function score and other abnormalities noted on resting endoscopy were recorded as were results of HSTE. Results of resting and exercising endoscopic findings were correlated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  281 horses underwent HSTE. There was significant correlation between grade of laryngeal function at rest (grades 1-4) and exercise (ρ=0.53, P<0.001) and between resting subgrades 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 and exercising grades of laryngeal function (ρ=0.43, P=0.0017). DDSP was observed at rest significantly more often in horses that developed DDSP during HSTE than those without DDSP during HSTE (RR=4.1, P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of DDSP seen during resting endoscopy as a test for DDSP occurring during exercise were 25.5 and 95.1% respectively (positive predictive value 0.57, negative predictive value 0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study support the use of the Havemeyer system for grading laryngeal function in the resting horse, and corroborate findings of previous studies correlating resting and exercising palatal abnormalities. Studies that use the presence of spontaneous DDSP during resting endoscopic examination as an inclusion criterion for investigating efficacy of treatments for DDSP are likely to have a low proportion of horses with false positive diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Clinical Science, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Edinburgh, UK. safia.barakzai@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Barakzai
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*