title: [Effects of scopolamine on morphine-dependence in mice and the relationship between the effect and hippocampus intracellular calcium].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect and mechanism of scopolamine on morphine(Mor)-induced mice dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mor-dependent mice model was established by intraperitoneal (ip) administered Mor for seven days. Pain threshold, times of jump and hippocampus intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) were determined by the heat plate test, naloxone (Nal)-precipitated jumping response and flow cytometry, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pain threshold of Mor-dependent mice decreased significantly while there was a marked increase in times of jump, the rate of jumping animals and hippocampus [Ca2+]i. Co-administered scopolamine, the pain threshold of Mor-dependent mice increased significantly; the number of jump, the rate of jumping animals and hippocampus [Ca2+]i all decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scopolamine could antagonize the Mor-induced mice dependence, which could be related to decreasing the levels of brain intracellular free calcium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, HeBei Engineering University, Handan 056002, China. wang-liguang@sina.com
authors.forename: Li-guang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ling-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bai-ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yu-ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000378:metabolism*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D012601:Scopolamine; D002118:Calcium