title: Effects of liquid swine manure on dissipation of 17β-estradiol in soil.
abstract: 17β-estradiol (E2), a natural estrogenic hormone, degrades within hours and bind strongly to soils and sediments; however, estrogens are frequently detected in the environment at concentrations that impact water quality. Colloidal (COC) and dissolved (DOC) organic carbon may enhance the persistence and mobility of E2. Soil batch experiments were used to identify the persistence and sorption of radiolabeled E2 dissolved in solutions of (i) COC/DOC derived from liquid swine manure and (ii) CaCl(2). Estradiol disappeared from the aqueous phase before 7 d in the CaCl(2) solution, yet persisted throughout the duration of the 14 d experiment in the liquid manure solution. There was also concomitant formation of estrone (E1; a metabolite of E2) as E2 dissipated in sterile batch experiments, which was attributed to abiotic oxidation. The liquid manure solution appeared to interact with the estrogen and/or oxidation reaction sites, reducing E2 degradation. Furthermore, the liquid manure solution reduced E2/E1 binding to the soil surface resulting in more E2/E1 in the aqueous layer compared to the CaCl(2) solution. Ultrafiltration results of liquid manure indicated that ∼1/3 of E2 was associated with COC, which may be responsible for the reduced degradation and sorption of E2 in the liquid manure solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, United States.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Zitnick
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Shappell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakk
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: DeSutter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: F X M
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012996:Solutions; D013552:Swine; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012996:Solutions; D004958:Estradiol; D002122:Calcium Chloride