title: Differentiation between glioma and radiation necrosis using molecular magnetic resonance imaging of endogenous proteins and peptides.
abstract: It remains difficult to distinguish tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis after brain tumor therapy. Here we show that these lesions can be distinguished using the amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals of endogenous cellular proteins and peptides as an imaging biomarker. When comparing two models of orthotopic glioma (SF188/V+ glioma and 9L gliosarcoma) with a model of radiation necrosis in rats, we could clearly differentiate viable glioma (hyperintense) from radiation necrosis (hypointense to isointense) by APT MRI. When we irradiated rats with U87MG gliomas, the APT signals in the irradiated tumors had decreased substantially by 3 d and 6 d after radiation. The amide protons that can be detected by APT provide a unique and noninvasive MRI biomarker for distinguishing viable malignancy from radiation necrosis and predicting tumor response to therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. jzhou@mri.jhu.edu
authors.forename: Jinyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tryggestad
authors.forename: Zhibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Bachchu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Silun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: De-Xue
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Jaishri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blakeley
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laterra
authors.forename: Peter C M
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Zijl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005682:Gadolinium; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium