title: Antegrade flexible ureteroscopy for bilateral ureteral stones in a patient with severe hip joint ankylosis.
abstract: In the past several decades there has been a remarkable development of small-caliber, flexible ureteroscopes and various ancillary instruments for stone manipulation and retrieval. Percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy can be substituted in select cases for retrograde ureteroscopy. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with severe ankylosis in both hip joints who was diagnosed with bilateral ureteral stones. The patient underwent antegrade flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy. This case illustrates the role of antegrade flexible ureteroscopy combined with the holmium:YAG laser as a minimally invasive, safe, and effective technique for the management of stones in a patient who cannot undergo a retrograde approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Nyung
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yoon Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim