title: Health risk-based assessment and management of heavy metals-contaminated soil sites in Taiwan.
abstract: Risk-based assessment is a way to evaluate the potential hazards of contaminated sites and is based on considering linkages between pollution sources, pathways, and receptors. These linkages can be broken by source reduction, pathway management, and modifying exposure of the receptors. In Taiwan, the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act (SGWPR Act) uses one target regulation to evaluate the contamination status of soil and groundwater pollution. More than 600 sites contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) have been remediated and the costs of this process are always high. Besides using soil remediation techniques to remove contaminants from these sites, the selection of possible remediation methods to obtain rapid risk reduction is permissible and of increasing interest. This paper discusses previous soil remediation techniques applied to different sites in Taiwan and also clarified the differences of risk assessment before and after soil remediation obtained by applying different risk assessment models. This paper also includes many case studies on: (1) food safety risk assessment for brown rice growing in a HMs-contaminated site; (2) a tiered approach to health risk assessment for a contaminated site; (3) risk assessment for phytoremediation techniques applied in HMs-contaminated sites; and (4) soil remediation cost analysis for contaminated sites in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Post-Modern Agriculture, MingDao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan. soil.lai@mdu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hung-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Zeng-Yei
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Hseu
authors.forename: Ting-Chien
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bo-Ching
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Horng-Yuh
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zueng-Sang
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants