title: Novel targeted agents on the horizon for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Androgen deprivation treatment in prostate cancer patients is well established; however, resistance to such treatment manifests itself by progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite significant advances in treatment options for patients with CRPC, their prognosis remains poor. Resistance results from multiple processes that facilitate cancer cell growth and survival. Mechanisms underlying the shift to castrate resistance have been attributed to a complex interplay of clonal selection, reactivation of the androgen receptor axis despite castrate levels of serum testosterone, stress-induced prosurvival genes and cytoprotective chaperone networks and alternative mitogenic growth factor pathways. This article discusses several pathways involved in the development of CRPC, with a particular focus on those mechanisms that have led to the development of new targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: The Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urological Sciences, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koupparis
authors.forename: Rowan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Rowan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D008297:Male; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D013739:Testosterone