title: Dual resistance to adamantanes and oseltamivir among seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses: 2008-2010.
abstract: Two distinct genetic clades of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses have cocirculated in the recent seasons: clade 2B oseltamivir-resistant and adamantane-susceptible viruses, and clade 2C viruses that are resistant to adamantanes and susceptible to oseltamivir. We tested seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses collected in 2008-2010 from the United States and globally for resistance to antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration. We report 28 viruses with both adamantane and oseltamivir (dual) resistance from 5 countries belonging to 4 distinct genotypes. Because of limited options for antiviral treatment, emergence of dual-resistant influenza viruses poses a public health concern, and their circulation needs to be closely monitored.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Tiffany G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Garten
authors.forename: Varough M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Deyde
authors.forename: Thein
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shwe
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bullion
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Klimov
authors.forename: Larisa V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Gubareva
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D000218:Adamantane; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009439:Neuraminidase; D053139:Oseltamivir; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C488937:M2 protein, Influenza A virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C487630:NA protein, influenza A virus