title: Seizure detection using digital trend analysis: Factors affecting utility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  EEG monitoring is important for the early detection of seizures during the course of critical illness. However, the logistics of real time EEG interpretation is challenging for the neurophysiology and critical care medicine teams. This study evaluated factors affecting the utility of digital trend analysis (DTA) for rapid seizure identification in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  digital EEG files of seizures in critically ill children were retrieved for DTA. The envelop trend (ET) and compressed spectral array (CSA) were applied to the raw EEG data and presented to an experienced and inexperienced user for interpretation who were blinded to conventional EEG findings. The EEG findings with and without presence of seizures and features of seizures were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  we found that a number of factors affected accurate seizure detection including factors related to interpreter's experiences, display size and type of DTA methods used for analysis in addition to baseline EEG findings. ET was more dependent on user experience, furthermore, display size and multimodal DTA application (CSA and ET combined) increased the sensitivity of seizure detection for the experienced user compared to inexperience users. The artifacts were reported as seizures regardless of experience without presence of conventional EEG recording. The maximum spike amplitude, seizure duration, and seizure frequency were other important determinants for accuracy. Electrographic seizures with shorter duration were better detected by ET, and the maximum spike amplitude was important for both the ET and CSA. Repetitive seizures are readily detected by both digital trending methods. Artifacts may be reported as seizures regardless of experience if conventional EEG recording is not available for the interpretation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTA applied to the raw EEG data does produce a graphic display that facilitates identification of seizures. The actual characteristics of the electrographic seizure may predict which DTA method is better and the overall accuracy of seizure detection may increase when multimodal trending is used simultaneously. Application of DTA alone with display of conventional EEG is beneficial for rapid interpretation of EEG findings regardless of experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. cia11@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Cigdem I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micic
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Riviello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014894:Weights and Measures