title: [Hypersensitivity syndrome reactions to antiepileptic drugs, clinical characteristic and association with HLA-B*1502].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cutaneous adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), clinical characteristic and the association with HLA-B*1502.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of four cases of antiepileptic drug hypersensitive syndrome (AHS) were performed on the basis of clinical data, cutaneous adverse reactions to carbamazepine (CBZ) (n = 2) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) (n = 1) and hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) (n = 1); phenobarbital-induced HSS (n = 1) and oxcarbazepine (OXC)-induced HSS (n = 1). All patients received the examinations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence specific primers to analyze HLA-B*1502. Two healthy subjects had no history of using antiepileptic drugs as the control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had manifestations of fever, eruption, mucosal involvement and visceral injury. Two cases were diagnosed as Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with apparent bullae formation. Genotype positive for HLA-B*1502 was association with 2 patients with CBZ/OXC-induced SJS while the other 1 case of CBZ and 1 case of phenobarbital-induced HSS were genotype non-HLA-B*1502.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AHS usually occurs within 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of AEDs therapy. The typical presentations are fever, eruption and internal organ involvements, etc. The epileptic patients with CBZ/OXC-induced SJS are related with HLA-B*1502 genotype. But it is not found in HSS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yi-wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhi-sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei-ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Fang-lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ge-fei
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jia-sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Cai-ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015235:HLA-B Antigens