title: Spatial and numerical abilities without a complete natural language.
abstract: We studied the cognitive abilities of a 13-year-old deaf child, deprived of most linguistic input from late infancy, in a battery of tests designed to reveal the nature of numerical and geometrical abilities in the absence of a full linguistic system. Tests revealed widespread proficiency in basic symbolic and non-symbolic numerical computations involving the use of both exact and approximate numbers. Tests of spatial and geometrical abilities revealed an interesting patchwork of age-typical strengths and localized deficits. In particular, the child performed extremely well on navigation tasks involving geometrical or landmark information presented in isolation, but very poorly on otherwise similar tasks that required the combination of the two types of spatial information. Tests of number- and space-specific language revealed proficiency in the use of number words and deficits in the use of spatial terms. This case suggests that a full linguistic system is not necessary to reap the benefits of linguistic vocabulary on basic numerical tasks. Furthermore, it suggests that language plays an important role in the combination of mental representations of space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1118 WJH, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States. Electronic address: dchyde@fas.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1118 WJH, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Winkler-Rhoades
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1118 WJH, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Sang-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1118 WJH, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izard
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1118 WJH, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Department of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Division of Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1118 WJH, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Spelke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*