title: Nigriventrine: a low molecular mass neuroactive compound from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
abstract: Nigriventrine was isolated from the "armed" spider Phoneutria nigriventer, in which it constitutes about 0.4% of the total venom content. Its structure was determined to be [1,1'-(1-hydroxyhydrazine-1,2-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxopiperidine-4 carboxylic acid)] by NMR, HR-ES/IMS and MS/MS methods. The intracerebroventricular application of nigriventrine in rat brain, followed by the detection of c-Fos protein expression, indicated that the compound was neuroactive in the motor cortex, sensory cortex, piriform cortex, median preoptic nucleus, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, lateral septal nucleus and hippocampus of rat brain. Nigriventrine causes convulsions in rats, even when peripherally applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology/CEIS, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Bibiana M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Nathalia B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Lilian M M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cesar-Tognoli
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
authors.forename: Cláudio F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Tormena
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rittner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Marta N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: Mario S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Palma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013112:Spiders / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D013111:Spider Venoms; C558146:nigriventrine