title: HMOX1 is an important prognostic indicator of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence and progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HMOX1, which is highly expressed in various solid tumors, has an important role in rapid tumor growth. We investigated the relationship between HMOX1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with NMIBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 211 primary NMIBC tissue specimens by real-time PCR and compared the results with clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of HMOX1 in NMIBC cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMOX1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with higher grade and multiple tumors than in those with lower grade and single tumors (each p <0.05, respectively). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed HMOX1 expression was significantly associated with recurrence and progression (log rank test p = 0.010 and <0.001, respectively). A multivariate Cox regression model revealed that HMOX1 mRNA expression was an independent predictor of recurrence (HR 1.832, p = 0.017) and progression (HR 5.241, p = 0.001) in patients with NMIBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of HMOX1 expression in 211 NMIBC tissue specimens revealed its potential usefulness as a marker to predict the NMIBC prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Yun-Sok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Isaac Yi
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok-Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1