title: Detailed fluid resuscitation profiles in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Appropriate and timely initial fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis (AP) is critical. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate fluid therapy on an hour-by-hour basis in relation to standard indices of adequate resuscitation during AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency room shock charts, fluid balance sheets and intensive care (ICU) charts for all patients with AP admitted to ICU in a large acute hospital were examined. Vital signs, clinical course and fluid administered during the first 72 h after admission were tabulated against urine output, central venous pressure (CVP) and inotrope/vasopressor therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three consecutive patients with AP were initially evaluated. Inter-hospital transfers with established organ dysfunction (n= 11) or where records had insufficient detail (n= 22) were excluded. In the remaining 30 patients, in-hospital death occurred in 7. The cumulative volume of crystalloid given was significantly less at 48 h in patients who died in hospital (3331 ± 800 ml vs. survivors, 7287 ± 544 ml; P < 0.001). Non-survivors had a higher CVP, and received more inotropes/vasopressors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In severe AP-associated organ failure, fluid resuscitation profiles differ between survivors and non-survivors. CVP alone as a crude indicator of adequate resuscitation may be unreliable, potentially leading to the use of inotropes/vasopressors in the inadequately filled patient.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. damian.mole@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Damian J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mole
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Dermot
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: O James
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.forename: Rowan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Parks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology