title: Midpregnancy levels of angiogenic markers in relation to maternal characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe relations among maternal demographic and lifestyle characteristics and midpregnancy levels of angiogenic markers (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor, soluble endoglin).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a large pregnancy cohort, linear models were used to evaluate relations among maternal characteristics and midpregnancy angiogenic markers with and without covariate adjustment. Associations were examined in a subcohort that included term and preterm deliveries (n = 1302) and among "normal" term pregnancies (n = 668).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of all factors declined with increasing maternal body mass index. Multiparous women had lower soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 levels than primiparous women. Higher placental growth factor and slightly lower soluble endoglin levels were observed among women who smoked at enrollment, but not among those women who quit before enrollment. African American women had higher levels of all markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding relations among maternal characteristics and levels of angiogenic factors may improve studies that use these markers to examine etiology and/or to predict adverse pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Renée S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mijal
authors.forename: Claudia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Holzman
authors.forename: Sarosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: S Ananth
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Karumanchi
authors.forename: Jianling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sikorskii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000097:blood; D000886:Anthropometry; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000097:blood*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1