title: Association of Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism and expression with urinary tract infection types in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Innate immunity of which Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and CXCR1 are key elements plays a central role in the development of urinary tract infection (UTI). Although the relation between the genetics of TLR4 and CXCR1 and UTI is investigated partly, the polymorphisms and expression of TLR4 and CXCR1 in different types of UTI in adults are not extremely clear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study investigates the presence of TLR4 A (896) G and CXCR1 G (2608) C polymorphisms in 129 UTI patients using RFLP-PCR. Gene and allelic prevalence were compared with 248 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect TLR4 and CXCR1 expression in the monocytes of UTI patients and healthy controls. TLR4 (896) AG genotype and TLR4 (896) G allele had higher prevalence in UTI (especially in acute cystitis and urethritis) patients, whereas CXCR1 (2608) GC genotype and CXCR1 (2608) C allele had lower prevalence in UTI patients than controls. TLR4 expression was significantly lower in chronic UTI patients than in acute pyelonephritis or healthy controls. CXCR1 expression was similar in both controls and patients. TLR4 expression in chronic UTI patients after astragalus treatment was higher than pre-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the relationship between the carrier status of TLR4 (896) G alleles and the development of UTI, especially acute cystitis and urethritis, in adults. TLR4 expression levels are correlated with chronic UTI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Tianwen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhiyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Cuiqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D027883:Astragalus Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4