title: Detection of zearalenone and its metabolites in naturally contaminated porcine follicular fluid by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites are important nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxins that cause reproductive disorders in domestic animals, especially pigs. We aimed to simultaneously detect ZEN and its metabolites á-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) in porcine follicular fluid (FF) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ZEN and α-ZOL, but not β-ZOL, were detected in all pooled FF samples collected from coexisting follicles (diameter ≥ 6 mm) within 10 ovaries. Furthermore, ZEN and α-ZOL were detected in samples pretreated with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase, but not in those left untreated, suggesting that the FF samples contained glucuronide-conjugated forms of the mycotoxins that may be less harmful to porcine oocytes due to glucuronidation affecting the receptor binding. Nonetheless, the effects of the glucuronide-conjugated forms should be studied, both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Rentsenkhand
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambuu
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokushi
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Namula
authors.forename: Takeshige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otoi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Eisaburo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fink-Gremmels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001192:Arylsulfatases / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015029:Zeranol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; C029659:zearalenol; D015025:Zearalenone; D015029:Zeranol; D001192:Arylsulfatases; D005966:Glucuronidase