title: Healthcare resource utilization and costs assessment of type 2 diabetes patients initiating exenatide BID or glargine: a retrospective database analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine resource utilization and healthcare costs associated with the use of exenatide versus glargine in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis comprised of patients with T2D initiating exenatide (n = 7,255) or glargine (n = 2,819) between 04/01/2005 and 06/30/2007. Propensity score matching was used (2,506 matched pairs) to control for baseline demographic, clinical, resource use, and cost variables to balance treatment groups. Mean medical costs and other cost components were estimated using nonparametric bootstrapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exenatide-treated patients had 19% lower likelihood of all-cause hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR]: 0.81, p = 0.009) compared to glargine-treated patients. Exenatide-treated patients had significantly lower total medical costs of $2,597 (p = 0.008). Exenatide-treated patients had significantly lower inpatient costs of $1,968 (p = 0.004) and outpatient costs of $1,324 (p = 0.011), but higher prescription costs of $706 (p < 0.001). Exenatide-treated patients further incurred lower hospitalization costs of $1,910 (p = 0.005) and physician office visit costs of $608 (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of availability of clinical measures including duration of diabetes, severity of T2D and lack of control for unmeasured confounding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients initiating exenatide treatment had significantly lower healthcare resource utilization and total medical costs. Cost offsets were observed in inpatient and outpatient costs despite higher prescription costs.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company and Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. pawaskar_manjiri@lilly.com
authors.forename: Manjiri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawaskar
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zagar
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Lizheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014688:Venoms / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D000077270:Exenatide