title: Assessment of fates of estrogens in wastewater and sludge from various types of wastewater treatment plants.
abstract: We measured five estrogens in the wastewater samples from the municipal wastewater treatment plants (M-WWTPs), livestock wastewater treatment plants (L-WWTPs), hospital WWTPs (H-WWTPs) and pharmaceutical manufacture WWTPs (P-WWTPs) in Korea. The L-WWTPs showed the highest total concentration (0.195-10.4 μg L(-1)) of estrogens in the influents, followed by the M-WWTPs (0.028-1.15 μg L(-1)), H-WWTPs (0.068-0.130 μg L(-1)) and P-WWTPs (0.015-0.070 μg L(-1)). Like the influents, the L-WWTPs (0.003-0.729 μg L(-1)) and the M-WWTPs (0.001-0.299μgL(-1)) also showed higher total concentration of estrogens in the effluents than the H-WWTPs (0.002-0.021 μg L(-1)) and P-WWTPs (0.011 μg L(-1) in one sample). The L-WWTPs (37.5-543 μg kg(-1), dry weight) showed higher total concentrations in sludge than the M-WWTPs (3.16-444 μg kg(-1), dry weight) like the wastewater. The distribution of estrogens in the WWTPs may be affected by their metabolism in the human body, their transition through biological treatment processes, and their usage for livestock growth. Unlike the concentration results, the daily loads of estrogens from the M-WWTPs were the highest, which is related to the high capacities of WWTPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Ji-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun-Kyoung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ki-Bong
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jeong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D007723:Korea; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical