title: Intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma: New insight into epidemiology and risk factors.
abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour that arises from biliary epithelium at any portion of the biliary tree. CCA is currently classified as intra-hepatic or extra-hepatic CCA (EH-CCA). Recent evidences suggest that intra-hepatic CCA (IH-CCA) and EH-CCA are biologically different cancers, giving further support to a number of recent epidemiological studies showing large differences in terms of incidence, mortality and risk factors. The purpose of this manuscript is to review recent literature dealing with the descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of CCA with a special effort to compare IH- with EH-CCA.
authors.affiliation: Vincenzo Cardinale, Rossella Semeraro, Alessia Torrice, Manuela Gatto, Cristina Napoli, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, Raffaele Gentile, Domenico Alvaro, Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardinale
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Semeraro
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torrice
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatto
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: Maria Consiglia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bragazzi
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvaro