title: Serial 18F-FDG PET demonstrates benefit of human mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of intracerebral hematoma: a translational study in a primate model.
abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the treatment of intracerebral hematoma (ICH) using a primate model and serial 18F-FDG PET scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four Macaca fascicularis monkeys (male, 4.2±0.2 kg) were enrolled. The ICH models were established using a stereo-guided injection of 1.5 mL of autologous arterial blood between the right cortex and basal ganglia. One week (early treatment group, n=8) or 4 wk (late treatment group, n=8) after an ICH was established, (1-5)×10(6) hMSCs were transplanted near the hematoma using a stereotactic method. Control monkeys received saline only, either 1 or 4 wk (n=4 for each subgroup) after ICH establishment. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by serial 18F-FDG PET scans (n=19) and neurologic deficit scoring weekly or biweekly. Pathologic analysis was performed 8 wk after hMSC transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One week after hMSC injection, higher 18F-FDG accumulated at the ipsilateral basal ganglia in both early and late hMSC-treated groups, indicating an early response to the treatment. When recovery reached a plateau, 18F-FDG uptake in the adjacent cortex was significantly higher in the early treatment group (P<0.05). The neurologic deficit scoring was significantly lower in the hMSC-treated groups, which also indicated better recovery. Pathologic analysis revealed higher vessel density surrounding the remains of hematoma in the hMSC-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study indicates that transplantation of hMSCs may improve the recovery from ICH in a primate model, and early treatment may lead to better results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guilin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yihua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Robert Chunhua
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Renzhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18