title: Current therapeutic approaches in metastatic and recurrent ewing sarcoma.
abstract: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common type of primary bone malignancy in children and young adults. Survival rates for localized ES have improved to upwards of 70% with aggressive chemotherapy and local control. On the other hand, there has been little improvement in survival rates for patients with metastatic or recurrent ES. Herein we review the different current therapeutic approaches available, including the different upfront and salvage chemotherapy regimens, the role for stem cell transplantation, and potential use of immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, H085, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lucas