title: Water-soluble and biocompatible sono/photosensitizer nanoparticles for enhanced cancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most sono/photosensitizers of cancer sonodynamic/photodynamic therapy (SDT/PDT), such as hypocrellin SL052, are water-insoluble, therefore restricting their clinical applications. In this article, we present a water-soluble nanocarrier to load the SDT/PDT sensitizer SL052 with improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanoclusters of polyvinylpyrrolidones with SL052 formed water-soluble nanoparticles (SL052-NPs) while retaining the chemical structure of SL052.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental results show that SL052-NPs improve the drug's physicochemical properties and significantly enhance the efficacy of SL052 in terms of pharmacokinetics and cancer killing. Water-soluble SL052-NPs can be used to deliver the drug to deep cancer tissues. A potential benefit of SL052-NPs is that polyvinylpyrrolidones can help SL052 evade the reticuloendothelial system, thereby increasing circulation half-life and improving drug biodistribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SL052-NPs greatly improved the physicochemical properties of SL052 without modifying its chemical structure, allowing for deep-site cancer drug delivery, imaging for diagnosis, and ultrasound or photocontrolled localized cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Yongde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Chunpu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Ragupathy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madiyalakan
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: James Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011810:Quinoxalines; C552679:SL 052; D014867:Water; D010569:Perylene