title: Salt-induced hemodynamic regulation mediated by nitric oxide.
abstract: Excess daily salt intake impairs vasodilatation and enhances vasoconstriction, resulting in reduction of regional blood flow and elevation of blood pressure in healthy individuals and hypertensive patients with either salt sensitivity or not tested for salt sensitivity or not evaluated for salt sensitivity. The mechanism may involve decreased production of nitric oxide via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide, and elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Experimental animals, irrespective of salt sensitivity, although less extensive in those with salt-resistance, fed a high-salt diet have deteriorated endothelial functions; the mechanisms involved include an impairment of eNOS activation, a decrease in eNOS expression, and an increase in oxidative stress and ADMA. The imbalance of interactions between nitric oxide and angiotensin II is also involved in salt sensitivity. Deficiency of nitric oxide formed via neuronal NOS and inducible NOS may contribute to salt-induced hypertension. Reduced daily salt intake, therefore, would be the most rational prophylactic measure against the development of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. n.toda.toyama-bldg@orion.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000502:physiology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester