title: Reduction mammaplasty in the adolescent female: the URMC experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the rise in childhood obesity, an increase in the number of patients seeking adolescent breast reduction has been appreciated. This study examines our experience with presenting symptoms, techniques, and both surgical and pathologic outcomes for reduction mammaplasty in the adolescent population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 76 consecutive patients under 18 years of age who underwent reduction mammaplasty over a 10 year period were identified and reviewed for BMI, symptoms, comorbidities, cancer history, surgical technique, resection weight, pathologic findings, and complications. Pathology costs were determined from billing records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative indications included neck, back, and/or shoulder pain (75%), intertrigo (8%), shoulder grooving (17%), difficulty finding bras (8%) and participating in sports (9%), and social distress (24%). Average BMI was 31 kg/m(2) and 65% of children were obese (BMI > 30). Surgical techniques included Wise pattern (93%) and superior pedicle (7%). Complications occurred in 8 patients (10.5%). Pathologic examination yielded no cancers with 80% normal or mildly fibrotic and 20% benign histology. Per breast reduction specimen, pathology internal costs and external costs by Medicare data averaged $65 and $118, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent mammaplasty patients present symptoms mirroring those of the adult population but also exhibit greater obesity, physical strain, social distress, and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Literature reports similar complication rates for adults as we found in our adolescent population. We recommend that surgeons strongly consider reduction mammaplasty in the carefully selected adolescent with macromastia, with realistic expectations and complications in this burgeoning group. Routine pathologic examination, however, is not a cost effective goal.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. pfkoltz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Koltz
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sbitany
authors.forename: Rene P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Nirav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girotto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000523:psychology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications