title: Is routine TORCH screening and urine CMV culture warranted in small for gestational age neonates?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  congenital infections are associated with a wide variety of clinical symptoms, including small for gestational age (SGA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to determine the co-occurrence of SGA and congenital TORCH infections, as diagnosed by TORCH serologic tests and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV) urine culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  we performed a retrospective study of all neonates admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2004 to February 2010 in whom SGA was diagnosed and TORCH serologic tests and/or CMV urine cultures were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TORCH serologic tests (in neonatal or maternal serum) and/or a CMV urine culture were performed in 112 neonates with SGA. None of the neonates tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, and Herpes simplex virus. Positive CMV urine culture was detected in 2% (2/112) of neonates, but their CMV IgM titers were negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the co-occurrence of TORCH congenital infection in infants with SGA is rare. Routine TORCH screening in neonates with isolated SGA does not seem warranted and should be limited to CMV urine cultures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Weiden
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Te Pas
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Middeldorp
authors.forename: A C T M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vossen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijken
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopriore
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000254:growth & development*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine / Q000821:virology; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D018447:Medical Futility; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012409:Rubella / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods