title: Effectiveness of primary endoscopic incision in treatment of ectopic ureterocele associated with duplex system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with the endoscopic treatment of ectopic ureterocele to demonstrate its long-term effectiveness. Endoscopic treatment is often recommended as the initial and definitive treatment in patients with ureterocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 children with ectopic ureterocele in a duplex system underwent primary endoscopic incision from January 1998 to January 2006. The mean follow-up was 3.8 years. Of the 46 children, 35 had been diagnosed prenatally and 11 had been diagnosed after birth because of a urinary tract infection. Low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to all children and was maintained until voiding cystourethrography showed no reflux. The pre- and postoperative evaluation included clinical assessment, ultrasound evaluation, diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid renography, and cyclic voiding cystourethrography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ureterocele decompression was achieved in 43 patients (93%). Three patients required additional surgery for persistent ureterocele (1 underwent ureteroureterostomy and 2 ureteropyelostomy). None of our patients showed deterioration of renal function after the procedures. Vesicoureteral reflux was seen in the lower moiety of the ipsilateral kidney in 14 patients (30%). Of the 14 patients with vesicoureteral reflux, 10 had spontaneous resolution. The remaining 4 underwent endoscopic correction. Five patients (10%) developed de novo vesicoureteral reflux in the ipsilateral ureterocele moiety. Of these 5 patients, 3 were treated with endoscopic injection and 2 had spontaneous resolution after 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data have shown that primary endoscopic puncture of a ureterocele is a simple, long-term, effective, and safe procedure, avoiding complete reconstruction in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy. o.adorisio@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Ottavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adorisio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taverna
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malvasio
authors.forename: Alfredo D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Danti
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*