title: Contraception, reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes among women exposed to intimate partner violence in Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between reproductive health practices/outcomes and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in Nigeria. More specifically, the association between IPV and use of contraception; miscarriages,induced abortions, stillbirths, and infant mortality; and having many children, was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on studied variables were retrieved from the Demographic and Health Surveys of Nigeria 2008, a nationally representative sample of 33,385 women of reproductive age. IPV was defined as exposure to physical, sexual or emotional abuse. The association between contraception use, pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality, and exposure to IPV was assessed using the chi-square test for unadjusted analyses. To control for potential confounding, socio-demographic variables were adjusted for using multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with women not exposed to IPV, those who were, exhibited a higher likelihood of using modern forms of contraception; having a history of miscarriages, induced abortions, stillbirths, or infant mortality; and having many children. The aforementioned observations still stood after adjustment for potential confounders (e.g., demographic and socioeconomic factors).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though causal inference cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design, the study has important implications for incorporation of IPV detection and management in initiatives aimed at improving women's reproductive health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Leah.Okenwa@ki.se
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Okenwa
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lawoko
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001723:Birth Rate; D003267:Contraception / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011638:Public Housing; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires