title: Associations between dopamine D4 receptor gene variation with both infidelity and sexual promiscuity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human sexual behavior is highly variable both within and between populations. While sex-related characteristics and sexual behavior are central to evolutionary theory (sexual selection), little is known about the genetic bases of individual variation in sexual behavior. The variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in exon III of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been correlated with an array of behavioral phenotypes and may be predicatively responsible for variation in motivating some sexual behaviors, particularly promiscuity and infidelity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We administered an anonymous survey on personal history of sexual behavior and intimate relationships to 181 young adults. We also collected buccal wash samples and genotyped the DRD4 VNTR. Here we show that individuals with at least one 7-repeat allele (7R+) report a greater categorical rate of promiscuous sexual behavior (i.e., having ever had a "one-night stand") and report a more than 50% increase in instances of sexual infidelity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRD4 VNTR genotype varies considerably within and among populations and has been subject to relatively recent, local selective pressures. Individual differences in sexual behavior are likely partially mediated by individual genetic variation in genes coding for motivation and reward in the brain. Conceptualizing these findings in terms of r/K selection theory suggests a mechanism for selective pressure for and against the 7R+ genotype that may explain the considerable global allelic variation for this polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America. justin.r.garcia@gmail.com
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacKillop
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Aller
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Merriwether
authors.forename: David Sloan
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J Koji
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lum
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009042:Motivation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012201:Reward; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4