title: Impact of prescribed cleaning and disinfectant use on microbial contamination in the home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and quantify the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, hepatitis A and norovirus in households and to assess the effect of chlorine and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants following a prescribed use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven sites distributed in kitchen, bathroom, pet and children's areas of two groups of 30 homes each: (i) a nonprescribed disinfectant user group and (ii) a disinfectant protocol user group. During the 6-week study, samples were collected once a week except for week one when sample collection occurred immediately before and after disinfectant application to evaluate the disinfectant protocol. The concentration and occurrence of bacteria were less in the households with prescribed use of disinfectants. The greatest reductions were for E. coli (99%) and Staph. aureus (99·9999%), respectively. Only two samples were positive for HAV, while norovirus was absent. Disinfection protocols resulted in a significant (P < 0·05) microbial reduction in all areas of the homes tested compared to homes not using a prescribed protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that disinfectant product application under specific protocol is necessary to achieve greater microbial reductions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prescribed protocols constitute an important tool to reduce the occurrence of potential disease-causing micro-organisms in households.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Culiacán, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medrano-Félix
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castro-del Campo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: León-Félix
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peraza-Garay
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gerba
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaidez
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006794:Household Articles; D006795:Household Products / Q000382:microbiology; D008800:Mexico; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D002713:Chlorine