title: Increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I in the synovium of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most distinctive features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is new bone formation and bone resorption at sites of chronic inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that the hyperplasia and inflammation of synovial tissues are significantly related to the pathogenic process of AS. The present study used a proteomic approach to identify novel AS-specific proteins by simultaneously comparing the expression profiles of synovial membranes from patients with AS, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial tissues were collected from the hip joints of patients with AS and knee joints of patients with RA or OA (n = 10 for each disease) during joint replacement surgery. Proteins extracted from the synovial tissues were separated by 2-D electrophoresis (2-DE), and the proteins with significantly increased expression in the AS samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis. The results were verified using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Levels of the candidate proteins in synovial fluids from knee joints (n = 40 for each disease) were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proteomic approach revealed significantly increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) in the synovial membrane of patients with AS as compared with the RA and OA tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis confirmed the findings described above. The ELISA detected a higher level of CA1 in synovial fluids from patients with AS than those with OA. The mean value of the CA1 level was also higher in AS patients as compared with RA patients. This study also detected increased expression of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the synovial tissues from AS patients, which is in agreement with other reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro experiments by other groups indicated that CA1 catalyzes the generation of HCO3- through the hydration of CO2, which then combines with Ca2+ to form a CaCO3 precipitate. Calcification is an essential step of bone formation. Substantial evidence indicates that carbonic anhydrase also stimulates bone resorption. Hence, overexpression of CA1 in the synovial tissues of AS patients may promote improper calcification and bone resorption in AS.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory for Bio-Drugs of Ministry of Health, Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jingshi road 18877, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, PR China. changxt@126.com
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jinxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Shui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yazhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000201:enzymology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000201:enzymology; D024401:Carbonic Anhydrase I / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000201:enzymology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024401:Carbonic Anhydrase I