title: Shoulder pain and disability index: a validation study in Turkish women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a valid and reliable questionnaire used in shoulder disorders. The purpose of this study was to test the convergent validity and the reliability of the SPADI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 female patients with shoulder pain were enrolled in the study. The SPADI and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were completed by all the participants. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during the active range of motion. Reliability was measured by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha value. Convergent validity was examined by correlating the SPADI questionnaire with the VAS and HAQ scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha value for the SPADI was found to be 0.94. Test-retest reliability of the SPADI was found to be high (0.92). The correlation coefficient for convergent validity of the SPADI was 0.65 and 0.67 for the VAS and HAQ overall scores, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that the SPADI is a valid and reliable instrument to assess shoulder pain in Turkish female patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey. alibicer@mersin.edu.tr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bicer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ankarali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology