title: A modified sequential organ failure assessment score for critical care triage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score has been recommended for triage during a mass influx of critically ill patients, but it requires laboratory measurement of 4 parameters, which may be impractical with constrained resources. We hypothesized that a modified SOFA (MSOFA) score that requires only 1 laboratory measurement would predict patient outcome as effectively as the SOFA score.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a retrospective derivation in a prospective observational study in a 24-bed medical, surgical, and trauma intensive care unit, we determined serial SOFA and MSOFA scores on all patients admitted during the 2008 calendar year and compared the ability to predict mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1770 patients (56% male patients) with a 30-day mortality of 10.5% were included in the study. Day 1 SOFA and MSOFA scores performed equally well at predicting mortality with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.81-.85) and 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.82-.85), respectively (P = .33 for comparison). Day 3 SOFA and MSOFA predicted mortality for the 828 patients remaining in the intensive care unit with an AUC of 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. Day 5 scores performed less well at predicting mortality. Day 1 SOFA and MSOFA predicted the need for mechanical ventilation on day 3, with an AUC of 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. Mortality for the highest category of SOFA and MSOFA score (>11 points) was 53% and 58%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MSOFA predicts mortality as well as the SOFA and is easier to implement in resource-constrained settings, but using either score as a triage tool would exclude many patients who would otherwise survive.
authors.affiliation: Intermountain Medical Center, University of Utah, USA. colin.grissom@imail.org
authors.forename: Colin K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Grissom
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kuttler
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boltax
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Al R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jephson
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Orme
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D054527:Mass Casualty Incidents; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States