title: Families with children who are technology dependent: normalization and family functioning.
abstract: This cross-sectional study examined family functioning and normalization in 103 mothers of children ≤16 years of age dependent on medical technology (mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutrition/medication, respiratory/nutritional support) following initiation of home care. Differences in outcomes (mother's depressive symptoms, normalization, family functioning), based on the type of technology used, were also examined. Participants were interviewed face-to-face using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Functional Status II-Revised Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, a Normalization Scale subscale, and the Feetham Family Functioning Survey. Thirty-five percent of the variance in family functioning was explained primarily by the mothers' level of depressive symptoms. Several variables were significant predictors of normalization. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in outcomes based on the type of technology used. Mothers of technology-dependent children are at high risk for clinical depression that may affect family functioning. This article concludes with clinical practice and policy implications.
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. vab@case.edu
authors.forename: Valerie Boebel
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Toly
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Musil
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D022143:Family Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult