title: Time-dependent analysis of length of stay and mortality due to urinary tract infections in ten developing countries: INICC findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the excess length of stay (LOS) and mortality in an intensive care unit (ICU) due to a Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), using a statistical model that accounts for the timing of infection in 29 ICUs from 10 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Greece, India, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, and Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  To estimate the extra LOS due to infection in a cohort of 69,248 admissions followed for 371,452 days in 29 ICUs, we used a multi-state model, including specific censoring to ensure that we estimate the independent effect of urinary tract infection, and not the combined effects of multiple infections. We estimated the extra length of stay and increased risk of death independently in each country, and then combined the results using a random effects meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A CAUTI prolonged length of ICU stay by an average of 1.59 days (95% CI: 0.58, 2.59 days), and increased the risk of death by 15% (95% CI: 3, 28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A CAUTI leads to a small increased LOS in ICU. The increased risk of death due to CAUTI may be due to confounding with patient morbidity.
authors.affiliation: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, Buenos Aires, Argentina. victor_rosenthal@inicc.org
authors.forename: Victor D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Arpita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwivedy
authors.forename: María Eugenia Rodríguez
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Saban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esen
authors.forename: Héctor Torres
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Rédouane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abouqal
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Teodora Atencio
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kanj
authors.forename: Achilleas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gikas
authors.forename: Adrian G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graves
mesh_terms: D000352:Africa, Northern; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D003422:Critical Care; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000401:mortality*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008877:Middle East; D009656:North America; D012306:Risk; D013020:South America; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000401:mortality*