title: Personal, Medical, and Healthcare Utilization Among Homeless Veterans Served by Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Veteran Facilities.
abstract: This study assessed differences in personal, medical, and health care utilization characteristics of homeless veterans living in metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan environments. Data were obtained from a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) network sample of homeless veterans. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in demographics, military history, living situation, medical history, employment status, and health care utilization. Moderator analyses determined whether predictors of health care utilization varied by metropolitan status. Of 3,595 respondents, 60% were residing in metropolitan areas. Age, sex, and marital status were similar between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan homeless. Metropolitan homeless were less likely to receive public financial support or to be employed, to have at least one medical problem, one psychiatric problem, or current alcohol dependency, but more likely to be homeless longer. Of the 52% of the sample who used VHA care in the last 6 months, 53% were metropolitan versus 49% nonmetropolitan (p = .01). Metropolitan status predicted at least one VHA visit within the prior 6 months (OR:1.3, CI:1.1, 1.6). Significant differences occur in the personal, medical, and health care utilization characteristics of homeless veterans in metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan areas.
authors.affiliation: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Gretchen L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldstein