title: Exhaled nitric oxide and influencing factors in a random population sample.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the impact and interaction of important influencing factors on the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). FeNO was measured in a population-based sample of 1250 middle-aged subjects from the KORA F4 cohort (Augsburg, Germany). Analysis of covariance models was performed including the factors age, height, FVC, FEV(1), sex, current smoking status, recent respiratory tract infection, and respiratory allergy. Geometric mean (SD as factor; 95% confidence interval as factor) FeNO was 13.9 (1.9; 1.033) ppb. FeNO significantly depended on age, height, smoking, infection and allergy. Smoking reduced FeNO by 21%, while infection and allergy led to increases by 9 and 11%, respectively. Increases in age by 10 years and in height by 10 cm were associated with increases of FeNO by 15 and 10%, respectively. Non-smokers demonstrated independent multiplicative superposition of factors affecting FeNO while the effect of allergy was virtually eliminated in smokers without infection. We conclude that in middle-aged non-smokers the effects of infection, age and height can be easily taken into account and do not significantly disturb the effect of respiratory tract allergies on FeNO. In current smokers, however, effects were heterogeneous and information on smoking intensity seems to be useful for better adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. stefan.karrasch@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karrasch
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Rudolf M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: H-Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: Sebastian E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisinger
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ladwig
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holle
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jörres
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D012042:Registries; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide