title: Short communication: transplacental nucleoside analogue exposure and mitochondrial parameters in HIV-uninfected children.
abstract: Transplacental nucleoside analogue exposure can affect infant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We evaluated mitochondria in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with and without clinical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure. We previously identified 20 children with signs of MD (cases) among 1037 HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected women. We measured mtDNA copies/cell and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) protein levels and enzyme activities, determined mtDNA haplogroups and deletions in 18 of 20 cases with stored samples and in sex- and age-matched HIV-uninfected children, both ARV exposed and unexposed, (1) within 18 months of birth and (2) at the time of presentation of signs of MD. In specimens drawn within 18 months of birth, mtDNA levels were higher and OXPHOS protein levels and enzyme activities lower in cases than controls. In contrast, at the time of MD presentation, cases and ARV-exposed controls had lower mtDNA levels, 214 and 215 copies/cell, respectively, than ARV-unexposed controls, 254 copies/cell. OXPHOS protein levels and enzyme activities were lower in cases than exposed controls, and higher in cases than unexposed controls, except for complex IV activity, which was higher in cases. Haplotype H was less frequent among cases (6%) than controls (31%). No deletions were found. The long-term significance of these small but potentially important alterations should continue to be studied as these children enter adolescence and adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Brogly
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DiMauro
authors.forename: Russell B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Paige L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naini
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Libutti
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerschenson
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009705:Nucleosides; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV