title: Determination of seven arsenic species in seafood by ion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following microwave assisted extraction: method validation and occurrence data.
abstract: The determination of seven arsenic species in seafood was performed using ion exchange chromatography on an IonPac AS7 column with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection after microwave assisted extraction. The effect of five parameters on arsenic extraction recoveries was evaluated in certified reference materials. The recoveries of total arsenic and of arsenic species with the two best extraction media (100% H(2)O and 80% aqueous MeOH) were generally similar in the five seafood certified reference materials considered. However, because MeOH co-elutes with arsenite, which would result in a positively biased arsenite concentration, the 100% H(2)O extraction conditions were selected for validation of the method. Figures of merit (linearity, LOQs (0.019-0.075 mg As kg(-1)), specificity, trueness (with recoveries between 82% (As(III)) and 104% (As(V) based on spikes or certified concentrations), repeatability (3-14%), and intermediate precision reproducibility (9-16%) of the proposed method were satisfactory for the determination of arsenite, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenate, arsenobetaine and arsenocholine in fish and shellfish. The performance criteria for trimethylarsine oxide, however, were less satisfactory. The method was then applied to 65 different seafood samples. Arsenobetaine was the main species in all samples. The percentage of inorganic arsenic varied between 0.4-15.8% in shellfish and 0.5-1.9% at the utmost in fish. The main advantage of this method that uses only H(2)O as an extractant and nitric acid as gradient eluent is its great compatibility with the long-term stability of both IEC separation and ICP-MS detection.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Contaminants Inorganiques et Minéraux de l'Environnement, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, ANSES, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leufroy
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dufailly
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beauchemin
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guérin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016477:Artifacts; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D011786:Quality Control; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D014867:Water; D000432:Methanol