title: Enhancing effects of adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A vaccine on memory B-cell responses in HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the humoral immune response to low-dose AS03-adjuvanted and standard-dose nonadjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A vaccine in HIV-infected aviremic individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy and in uninfected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-arm study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two clinics: one at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and the other at the Maple Leaf Medical Clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single intramuscular 15 μg dose of the monovalent inactivated 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A vaccine without adjuvant or 3.75 μg dose of the same strain with adjuvant AS03.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunogenicity, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers and vaccine-specific memory B-cell responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 74 participants were enrolled. Twenty-one HIV-infected individuals received the low-dose adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A vaccine. Twenty-nine HIV-infected and 24 HIV-uninfected individuals received the standard-dose nonadjuvanted vaccine. There were no significant differences in antibody responses at 9 weeks postvaccination among the three groups studied. However, the IgG memory B-cell response against the vaccine was significantly higher in the HIV-infected group that received the low-dose adjuvanted vaccine when compared to the HIV-infected and uninfected groups that received the standard-dose nonadjuvanted vaccine. Conclusions remained unchanged after regression adjustment for age, gender, CD4 T-cell count, and baseline HAI titer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that adjuvants could be used to expand coverage through dose sparing and improve humoral immune responses in immunocompromised individuals.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jacqueline G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Posada
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Muhammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dewar
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sneller
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Follmann
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D009864:Ontario; D058873:Pandemics; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007252:Influenza Vaccines