title: Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular block induced by 3-desacetyl-vecuronium, an active metabolite of vecuronium, in the anaesthetised rhesus monkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  3-Desacetyl-vecuronium is an active metabolite of the neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) vecuronium, which might lead to residual paralysis after prolonged administration of vecuronium in critically ill patients with renal failure. This study investigated the ability of sugammadex to reverse 3-desacetyl-vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block (NMB) in the anaesthetised rhesus monkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were performed in anaesthetised female rhesus monkeys. After bolus intravenous injection of vecuronium (n = 8) or 3-desacetyl-vecuronium (n = 8) 10 μg kg(-1) (ED90), a continuous infusion of the same NMBA was started to maintain the first twitch of the train-of-four (TOF) at 10% of baseline value. The infusion was stopped and NMB recovered spontaneously. The procedure was repeated, but immediately after stopping the infusion, an intravenous bolus dose of sugammadex 0.5 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) was given. For each NMBA, four placebo experiments were performed, in which the second recovery from NMB was also spontaneous. For all experiments, time to recovery of the TOF ratio to 90% was retrieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After administration of sugammadex for reversal of 3-desacetyl-vecuronium-induced NMB, recovery was significantly faster than spontaneous recovery. Mean time to recovery of TOF to 90% was 3.2 min (sugammadex 0.5 mg kg(-1)) and 2.6 min (1.0 mg kg(-1)), compared to spontaneous recovery (17.6 min). For vecuronium-induced NMB, mean time to recovery of TOF to 90% was 17.1 min (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and 4.6 min (1.0 mg kg(-1)), compared to spontaneous recovery (23.4 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sugammadex rapidly and effectively reversed 3-desacetyl-vecuronium-induced NMB in the rhesus monkey, at a lower dose than that needed to reverse vecuronium-induced NMB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. l.staals@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Lonneke M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Staals
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Egmond
authors.forename: Jacques J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: Hans D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Francien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van de Pol
authors.forename: Anton H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bom
authors.forename: Leo Hdj
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Booij
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D000077122:Sugammadex; D013997:Time Factors; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000077122:Sugammadex; C047940:3-deacetylvecuronium; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide