title: Application of computed tomography for the evaluation of obstetrically relevant measurements in German Holstein-Friesian calves.
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure obstetrically relevant dimensions in calves manually and via computed tomography and to investigate their relationship with the dimensions of fetal body parts that are accessible to the obstetrician during early stages of vaginal delivery. Twenty Holstein-Friesian stillborn calves (Bos taurus) weighing 41.1 ± 3.7 kg (33.6-46.5 kg) were examined and the maximum height (H), width (W), circumference (C) and cross-sectional area (A) of their body was determined. The largest (P < 0.05) one-dimensional variable was the height of the thorax in the region of cranial sternum (H-Thorax; 29.3 ± 1.3 cm), and the largest (P < 0.05) two-dimensional variables were the cross-sectional area of the shoulder region at greater tubercles of the humeri (A-Shoulder; 307 ± 27 cm²) and of the thorax in the region of cranial sternum (A-Thorax; 306 ± 25 cm²). The dimensions of the front legs, which included the circumference of the canon bone and width of the fetlock joint, did not correlate (P > 0.05) with H-Thorax, A-Shoulder and A-Thorax. There were moderate significant correlations between the perpendicular height of the head (H-Head) and A-Thorax (r = 0.65, P < 0.05) and between the circumference of the head (C-Head) and A-Shoulder (r = 0.64, P < 0.05) and A-Thorax (r = 0.52, P < 0.05), but other relationships (P > 0.05) between the dimensions at the level of the head and H-Thorax, A-Shoulder and A-Thorax were not significant (P > 0.05). The results of this study show that the shoulders and thorax are the obstetrically most relevant calf dimensions, but the size of these variables cannot be reliably predicted by evaluating the dimensions of the forelimbs and head of calves during delivery.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. meik.becker@tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heun
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsousis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D049628:Body Size; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000662:veterinary; D004420:Dystocia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000662:veterinary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed