title: Cutaneous markers of coronary artery disease.
abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is rapidly increasing in prevalence across the world and particularly in south Asians at a relatively younger age. As atherosclerosis starts in early childhood, the process of risk evaluation must start quite early. The present review addresses the issue of cutaneous markers associated with atherosclerosis, and the strengths and weaknesses of the markers in identifying early coronary atherosclerosis. A diligent search for such clinical markers, namely xanthelasma, xanthoma, arcus juvenilis, acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, ear lobe crease, nicotine stains, premature graying in smokers, hyperpigmented hands in betel quid sellers, central obesity, and signs of peripheral vascular disease may prove to be a rewarding exercise in identifying asymptomatic CAD in high risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: Shridhar Dwivedi, Rajat Jhamb, Department of Medicine/Preventive Cardiology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi 110095, India.
authors.forename: Shridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Rajat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jhamb