title: Caring for overseas liver transplant recipients: Taiwan primary family caregivers' experiences in mainland China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explores the motivations of overseas liver transplant recipient (OLTR) families of Taiwanese OLTR who undergo the procedure in mainland China. We report the waiting time to receive the transplant in mainland China as well as the rational and service.
  
  
  METHODS
  This exploratory qualitative method reflects guided face-to-face, semistructured interviews with families members of OLTRs. Data were subjected to content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We interviewed 19 OLTR family members (15 females and 4 males who were between 29 and 71 years of age; mean 55.1 years) regarding 19 patients who had (17 males and 2 females who were between 36 and 71 years of age, mean, 54.6 years). The OLTR underwent transplantation in three cities in mainland China: Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. After arrival the average waiting time was 33.1 days. Subjects reported the following reasons to help patients undergo the procedure in mainland China: (1) it is difficult to have the procedure in Taiwan; (2) the desire to extend life; and ((3)) there is no domestic living donor. Seven reasons for serving as OLTR supportive family members were identified: (1) The role and obligation in the marital relationship; (2) a close bloodline relationship; (3) insufficient manpower; (4) an individual's availability; (5) evasion of responsibility by other family members; (6) compensation for inadequate caring efforts earlier in life; and (7) an unwillingness to disturb other relatives' lives. Finally, the following support for the OLTR was reported: providing company during medical treatment/doctor visits, food preparation, massage, daily assistance, medical care, and psychological support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taiwanese OLTR family members' perspectives throughout the transplant process may provide better understanding of living experiences and concerns during the stages of overseas liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: F Jong
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013624:Taiwan; D014195:Travel