title: Novel cancer suppressor gene for esophageal cancer: manganese superoxide dismutase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and biological behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  On 45 patients with ESCC, immunohistochemistry (SP method), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot were used to detect MnSOD protein and mRNA expression in ESCC and in its adjacent normal tissue 5 cm apart from the edge of cancer lesion and without documented microscopic invasive cancer. Meanwhile, the relationship between the pathological features of esophageal cancer and its biological behavior was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ESCC and normal esophageal tissue, MnSOD protein expression was identified 31.1% (14/45) and 86.7% (31/45) (P= 0.000), respectively, with the relative expression levels of MnSOD mRNA 0.310 ± 0.036 and 0.482 ± 0.053 (P= 0.000), relatively. Western blot study showed that the relative expressions of MnSOD protein in cancer lesion and in adjacent normal tissue were 0.384 ± 0.038 and 0.766 ± 0.041, respectively (P= 0.000). With longer lesion, deeper invasion, and poorer differentiation, the expression of MnSOD would get lower, indicating that the levels of MnSOD protein and mRNA expression were closely related to the length of lesion, depth of invasion, and degree of differentiation in ESCC (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the result showed no association with the presence of lymph node metastasis, cancer location, and macroscopic classification (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MnSOD protein and mRNA expression both decreased in ESCC, which may be related to carcinogenesis and the development of esophageal cancer. Therefore, detecting the expression of MnSOD in esophageal carcinoma would be of clinical significance in understanding its biological behavior and in guiding therapeutic strategy of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: G-G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Y-D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: L-Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: S-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: G-L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: X-R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShijiazhuangWest China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengduCollege of Tangshan Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase