title: Solution-processed chalcogenide glass for integrated single-mode mid-infrared waveguides.
abstract: Chalcogenide glass materials exhibit a variety of optical properties that make them desirable for near- and mid-infrared communications and sensing applications. However, processing limitations for these photorefractive materials have made the direct integration of waveguides with sources or detectors challenging. Here we demonstrate the viability of two complementary soft lithography methods for patterning and integrating chalcogenide glass waveguides from solution. One method, micro-molding in capillaries (MIMIC), is shown to fabricate multi-mode As(2)S(3) waveguides which are directly integrated with quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). In a second method, we demonstrate the ability of micro-transfer molding (µTM), to produce arrays of single mode rib waveguides (2.5 µm wide and 4.5 µm high) over areas larger than 6 cm(2) while maintaining edge roughness below 5.1 nm. These methods form a suite of processes that can be applied to chalcogenide solutions to create a diverse array of mid-IR optical and photonic structures ranging from <5 to 10's of µm in dimension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsay
authors.forename: Yunlai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Craig B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D001152:Arsenicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D018011:Chalcogens / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003460:Crystallization; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008904:Miniaturization; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018511:Systems Integration
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D018011:Chalcogens; D013440:Sulfides; C045816:arsenic trisulfide