title: Analytical solution for the modeling of the natural time-dependent reduction of waterborne viruses injected into fractured aquifers.
abstract: We propose an analytical solution in order to explain the processes that determine the fate and behavior of the viruses during transport in a fractured aquifer at Salento (Italy). The calculations yield the efficiency of filtration in fractures at a site near Nardò (Southern Italy) in reducing the numbers of enteric viruses (i.e., Enteroviruses and Norovirus) in secondary municipal effluents that have been injected in the aquifer over the period 2006-2007. The model predicted, by a theoretical expression, the time-dependent rate of virus reduction, which was in good agreement with field data. The analytical solution yields the achievable "Log reduction credits" for virus reduction in wells located at the setback distances that are usually adopted in local drinking water regulations. The resulting new analytical formula for the time-dependent reduction of viruses during subsurface transport can easily be applied in health risk-based models used to forecast the spread of waterborne diseases and provides appropriate criteria (i.e., distances) needed to meet standards for the quality of drinking water derived from undisinfected groundwater.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Bari, Italy. costantino.masciopinto@ba.irsa.cnr.it
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masciopinto
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Mantia
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levantesi
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tandoi
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divizia
authors.forename: Domenica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donia
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Petrinca
mesh_terms: D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005374:Filtration; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D007558:Italy; D008954:Models, Biological; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D033761:Spores, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013995:Time; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants