title: A protocol for the retina surgeon's safe initial intravitreal injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety of a surgeon's initial consecutive intravitreal injections using a specific protocol and to review the complications that may be attributed to the injection procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients (30 females, 29 males) received intravitreal injections of pegaptanib, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab as part of their treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The average patient age was 80 years. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with or suspected of having glaucoma. Each patient received an average of 5.8 injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 59 patients who received a total of 345 intravitreal injections (104 pegaptanib, 74 bevacizumab, 167 ranibizumab) were reviewed. All injections were performed in an office-based setting. Povidone-iodine, topical antibiotics, and eye speculum were used as part of the pre injection procedure. Vision and intraocular pressure were evaluated immediately following each injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of post injection complications, including but not limited to endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, traumatic cataract, and vitreous hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no cases of endophthalmitis, toxic reactions, traumatic cataracts, retinal detachment, or vitreous hemorrhage. There was one case each of lid swelling, transient floaters, retinal pigment epithelial tear, corneal edema, and corneal abrasion. There were five cases of transient no light perception following pegaptanib injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of serious complications was very low for the intravitreal injections given. A surgeon's initial intravitreal injections may be performed with a very high degree of safety using this protocol.
authors.affiliation: Eye Research Foundation, Stuart, FL, USA. efleye@aol.com
authors.forename: Ronald E P
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: Shamim A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Haji
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La
authors.forename: Max P C
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes