title: Exogenous ochronosis hydroquinone induced: a report of four cases.
abstract: Exogenous ochronosis is an infrequent dermatosis characterized as a dark blue hyperpigmentation localized where the causing agent was applied. It may be caused by the use of systemic medication such as antimalarials and by the use of topic substances such as phenol, resorcinol, benzene, or hydroquinone, which is a fenolic compound with depigmentation action, largely used in the treatment of melasma and other hyperpigmentation. The physiopathology of this process is not well clear up to this moment, and the therapeutic measures are not satisfactory either. Here we present four cases of female patients that developed hyperpigmentation on their faces after the use of hydroquinone containing compounds, characterized clinically and histological as ochronosi. We emphasize the possibility of exogenous ochronosis cases being misdiagnosed as a melasma treatment failure. We also emphasize the risks of the indiscriminated use of hydroquinone containing compounds, used, in many instances, without medical prescription.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil. ribas@internext.com.br
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.forename: Antonio Pedro Mendes
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schettini
authors.forename: Melissa de Sousa Melo
authors.initials: Mde S
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008548:Melanosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009794:Ochronosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D006873:Hydroquinones; C031927:hydroquinone