title: Dendritic cells and lymphocyte subpopulations of the adenoid in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess dendritic cells and lymphocyte subpopulations of adenoid and peripheral blood in patients with adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion (OME). To explain the influence of immunological status of adenoid on the development of OME.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examined group covered 123 surgically treated patients due to adenoid hypertrophy (39 children with coexisting OME). Preoperative clinical examination included anamnesis and otorhinolaryngological examination with nasofiberoscopy, videootoscopy and assessment of the hearing organ. The material of the study were surgically removed adenoids and peripheral blood samples prepared and then analyzed by the means of tri-colour flow cytometry. The obtained results were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between patients with adenoid hypertrophy with coexisting OME and children without OME concerning CD19+CD69+, CD3+CD69+, CD4+CD69+CD8+CD69+ and CD19+CD25+ cells were observed. No statistical differences were revealed in the blood of patients with and without OME. Several statistical differences were noted between the adenoid and peripheral blood in patients with otitis media with effusion concerning BDCA-2+/CD123+ cells, CD3+ and CD19+ lymphocytes with the markers of their activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adenoid is involved in local immune response regardless of constitutional immunological mechanisms in patients with OME coexisting with adenoid hypertrophy. Significantly lower percentage of CD3+CD69+, CD4+CD69+, CD8+CD69+ and CD19+CD69+ cells of adenoid in patients with OME attests to reduced T-cells activation of the adenoid in relation to patients without OME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. m.koto@wp.pl
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotowski
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niedzielski
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niedzielska
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lachowska-Kotowska
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods; D000234:Adenoids / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007110:Immunity, Active; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric