title: Changes in nitric oxide, cGMP, and nitrotyrosine concentrations over skin along the meridians in obese subjects.
abstract: The purposes of these studies were to quantify the concentrations of total nitrate and nitrite (NO(x)(-)) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and nitrotyrosine over skin surface in normal weight healthy volunteers (n = 64) compared to overweight/obese subjects (n = 54). A semi-circular plastic tube was taped to the skin along acupuncture points (acupoints), meridian line without acupoint (MWOP), and nonmeridian control and filled with a 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl solution for 20 min. The concentrations of NO(x)(-), cGMP, and nitrotyrosine in the samples were quantified in a blinded fashion using chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. In normal weight healthy volunteers, NO(x)(-) and cGMP concentrations were consistently increased over the pericardium meridian (PC) 4-7 compared with nonmeridian areas. NO(x)(-) concentration is enhanced over the bladder meridian (BL) 56-57, but cGMP level is similar between the regions. In overweight/obese subjects, NO(x)(-) contents were increased or tended to be elevated over PC and BL regions. cGMP is paradoxically decreased over PC acupoints and nonmeridian control on the forearm but the decreases were blunted along BL regions on the leg. Nitrotyrosine concentrations are markedly elevated (five- to sixfold) over both PC and BL in all areas of overweight/obese subjects. This is the first evidence showing that nitrotyrosine level is tremendously elevated over skin accompanied by paradoxical changes in nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP concentrations over PC skin region in overweight/obese subject. The results suggest that NO-related oxidant inflammation is systemically enhanced while cGMP generation is impaired over PC skin region but not over BL region in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. s.ma@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Sheng-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xi-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nainn-Tsyr
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Jou
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000328:Adult; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D007093:Imidazoles; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; C079391:2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D006152:Cyclic GMP