title: Chrysanthemum leaf epidermal surface morphology and antioxidant and defense enzyme activity in response to aphid infestation.
abstract: Artificial aphid infestation experiments on the three chrysanthemum cultivars 'Keiun', 'Han6' and 'Jinba' showed that the three cultivars vary markedly in their resistance. Of the three cultivars, the most resistant ('Keiun') produced the longest, highest and densest trichomes, the largest and fullest gland cells, and the most wax on the lower leaf epidermis. Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), polyphenol oxidase activity (EC 1.14.18.1) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) were enhanced by aphid herbivory. In the two more resistant cultivars ('Keiun' and 'Han6'), the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes rapidly increased following infestation, and their levels remained high from seventy-two to one hundred and sixty-eight hours after inoculation. We suggest that these two antioxidant enzymes contribute to aphid resistance of these chrysanthemum cultivars. All three cultivars showed quick responses to aphid infestation by increasing polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities during the early period after inoculation. Activities of these two defense enzymes were higher in the two resistant cultivars after 72h after inoculation, suggesting involvement of these two enzymes in aphid resistance.
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Zhaolei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001042:Aphids / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D010544:Peroxidases; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase