title: Histidine and carnosine alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice consumed high saturated fat diet.
abstract: The effects of histidine, alanine and carnosine on activity and/or mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) in liver and adipose tissue from high fat diet treated mice were examined. Histidine, alanine or carnosine, each agent at 1g/l was added into drinking water for 8-wk supplement. Histidine or carnosine supplement increased hepatic levels of alanine, histidine and carnosine. High fat diet evoked lipogenesis via raising the activity and mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, SREBP-1a, -1c and -2 in liver and adipose tissue (P<0.05), which consequently increased mice body weight, epididymal fat, and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents (P<0.05). The intake of histidine or carnosine significantly diminished the activity and mRNA expression of malic enzyme, FAS, HMG-CoA reductase, SREBP-1c and SREBP-2, which led to lower body weight, epididymal fat, and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels (P<0.05). Mice consumed high fat diet exhibited hyper-insulinemia, hyper-leptinemia, hypo-adiponectinemia and hypo-ghrelinemia. Histidine or carnosine treatments significantly improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated hyper-insulinemia (P<0.05). These results support that histidine and carnosine are effective agents for mitigating high fat diet induced hepatic steatosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung County, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Mei-chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mong
authors.forename: Che-yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Mei-chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002336:Carnosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006639:Histidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D006639:Histidine; D002336:Carnosine; D000409:Alanine