title: Early response mechanisms of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to phosphorus deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Improving phosphorus (P) nutrient efficiency in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is likely to result in considerable economic and ecological benefits. To date, research into the molecular and biochemical response of perennial ryegrass to P deficiency has been limited, particularly in relation to the early response mechanisms. This study aimed to identify molecular mechanisms activated in response to the initial stages of P deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A barley microarray was successfully used to study gene expression in perennial ryegrass and this was complemented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolic profiling to obtain an overview of the plant response to early stages of P deficiency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 24 h of P deficiency, internal phosphate concentrations were reduced and significant alterations were detected in the metabolome and transcriptome of two perennial ryegrass genotypes. Results indicated a replacement of phospholipids with sulfolipids and the utilization of glycolytic bypasses in response to P deficiency in perennial ryegrass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transcriptome and metabolome of perennial ryegrass undergo changes in response to reductions in P supply after 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foito
authors.forename: Pete E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: Jenny A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barth
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D008129:Lolium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010758:Phosphorus