title: [Optimal management of blood glucose levels in neurocritical patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the most significant studies on the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia in neurocritical patients and the therapeutic interventions used to control them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available evidence shows that hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia increase brain injury and aggravate the prognosis, but it fails to establish the most suitable levels of blood glucose. Intensive treatment with insulin, compared with more moderate regimes, has not improved the prognosis and leads to further episodes of hypoglycaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoglycaemia must always be avoided. Intensive treatment to control hyperglycaemia does not offer any kind of advantages and increases the likelihood of hypoglycaemia; it therefore cannot be recommended in neurocritical patients. No evidence is available showing the optimal level of blood glucose or the most suitable insulin regime, although its use is generally indicated when blood glucose levels are higher than 180-200 mg/dL. The value of the pharmacological control of blood glucose levels to improve the prognosis remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Cuidados Neurointensivos, Sanatorio Pasteur, Catamarca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabinstein
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Videtta
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murillo-Cabezas
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016638:Critical Illness; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose