title: Effect on gastric function and symptoms of drinking wine, black tea, or schnapps with a Swiss cheese fondue: randomised controlled crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of drinking white wine or black tea with Swiss cheese fondue followed by a shot of cherry schnapps on gastric emptying, appetite, and abdominal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 healthy adults (14 men) aged 23-58.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cheese fondue (3260 kJ, 32% fat) labelled with 150 mg sodium (13)Carbon-octanoate was consumed with 300 ml of white wine (13%, 40 g alcohol) or black tea in randomised order, followed by 20 ml schnapps (40%, 8 g alcohol) or water in randomised order.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulative percentage dose of (13)C substrate recovered over four hours (higher values indicate faster gastric emptying) and appetite and dyspeptic symptoms (visual analogue scales).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying was significantly faster when fondue was consumed with tea or water than with wine or schnapps (cumulative percentage dose of (13)C recovered 18.1%, 95% confidence interval 15.2% to 20.9% v 7.4%, 4.6% to 10.3%; P<0.001). An inverse dose-response relation between alcohol intake and gastric emptying was evident. Appetite was similar with consumption of wine or tea (difference 0.11, -0.12 to 0.34; P=0.35), but reduced if both wine and schnapps were consumed (difference -0.40, -0.01 to -0.79; P<0.046). No difference in dyspeptic symptoms was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric emptying after a Swiss cheese fondue is noticeably slower and appetite suppressed if consumed with higher doses of alcohol. This effect was not associated with dyspeptic symptoms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00943696.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menne
authors.forename: Peter X
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Iten
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fruehauf
authors.forename: Stephan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vavricka
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwizer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D002611:Cheese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014920:Wine / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013662:Tea