title: Immediate early inflammatory gene responses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to hemorrhagic venom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes a focused immediate early gene response by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to Echis carinatus snake venom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of HUVEC were used to assess acute inflammatory gene responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude E. carinatus venom (2.5 µg/ml) was used to stimulate HUVEC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HUVEC stimulated for 3 h with E. carinatus venom showed a focused response to the venom, with significant increases in metallothionein (e.g., MT1H, MT2A, MT1X) and cytochrome P450 (e.g., CYP1A1, CYP1B1) gene expressions compared to non-stimulated controls. Several other genes involved in cell growth and matrix attachment were repressed [e.g., thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that acute vascular injury induced by hemorrhagic snake venom initiates an anti-oxidant response primarily involving metallothioneins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Physics, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Rd. Bldg 12 Rm 308, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA. ealbrec1@kennesaw.edu
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Saravana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dhanasekaran
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomlins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D012910:Snake Venoms