title: Synthesis and application of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene immobilized material for the removal of azo dyes.
abstract: The present study describes synthesis of a new resin through immobilization of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene onto silica and its application for the removal of azo dyes from aqueous media as well as from textile effluents. The newly synthesized material 4 is characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Reactive Black-5 (RB-5) and Reactive Red-45 (RR-45) azo dyes were used as sorbate. Batch wise sorption experiments were conducted to optimize various experimental parameters such as the effect of sorbent dosage, electrolyte, pH, dye concentration, and contact time. The optimized pH for the effective removal of RB-5 and RR-45 dyes was 9 and 3, respectively. The increase in material 4 dosage increased the percent sorption. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to experimental data and Langmuir isotherm model found to be best fit. The results revealed that material 4 was potentially more effective sorbent for the sorption of selected azo dyes as compared to pure silica and p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene. The field studies also supported the effectiveness of material 4, which could be useful for the removal of both the dyes and also for the normalization of pH, TDS, conductivity and salinity near to the drinking water.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Afzal
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamboh
authors.forename: Imam Bakhsh
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Solangi
authors.forename: S T H
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sherazi
authors.forename: Shahabuddin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Memon
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; C558402:p-tert-butylcalix(8)arene; D047250:Calixarenes; D012965:Sodium Chloride