title: Ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS cases in Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant number of patients with HIV/AIDS can have ocular manifestations. Almost every structure in the eyes can be affected in this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study various ocular manifestations in the cases known to be infected with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out including 117 subjects positive for HIV using the purposive sampling method. Their demographic pattern and ocular findings were studied. Findings were recorded in the pro forma developed for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  SPSS ver 14.0 was used for data analysis. The p value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 117 HIV infected cases were included in this study. Among them, 76 (64.95%) were male and 41 (35.05%) female. The mean age of the subjects was 30.04 +/- 11.32 years. The duration of HIV detection ranged from 1-5 years. Ocular complaints were present in 26.49% of the subjects. Ocular manifestations were present in 56% of the patients with complaints and in 27.3% of asymptomatic patients. Ocular involvement was seen in 55 (47%) patients. The common anterior segment findings were herpes zoster ophthalmicus (4.27%), anterior uveitis (2.56%), blepharitis (2.56%) and conjunctivitis (1.7%), whereas HIV retinopathy (19.6%), CMV retinitis (5.1%), ocular toxoplasmosis (2.5%) and presumed ocular tuberculosis (0.85%) were common posterior segment findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infections.
authors.affiliation: Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa, Nepal. gyanu813@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamichhane
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies