title: Spasmophilia comorbidity in fibromyalgia syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of spasmophilia (SP) in fibromyalgia syndrome (FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fourteen patients (280 F, 34 M) with a diagnosis of FM or FM and spasmophilia (FM+SP) were recruited. Clinical assessment of patients and controls included the Questionnaires FIQ, HAQ and the tender point (TP) count. Life-time or ongoing psychiatric aspects were evaluated by trained psychiatrists by means of the classic scales: Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for DSM-IV. The following analysis were evaluated: cytokine (IL1, IL2, IL6, IL8, IL10), TNF-α, cortisol, GH, ACTH, IGF1, 5HT, intracellular Mg, plasma calcium p(Ca), PTH, (25(OH)D) and thyroid functionality. Some typical symptoms were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one patients resulted positive for spamophilia (FM+SP), while 233 resulted negative for spasmophilia (FM). The mean TP number resulted higher in the FM group (15.33±3.88) with respect to FM+SP (12.88±6.17, p=0.016), while FIQ and HAQ did not differ between the two studied groups. FM patients exhibited a higher frequency of psychiatric disorders with respect to FM+SP patients (72% FM vs. 49% FM+SP, p<0.01). In particular the frequency of depression was 65.5% FM vs. 35% FM+SP (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of spasmophilia seems to influence psychiatric comorbidity which was less prevalent in FM+SP patients. FM is indeed characterised by an abnormal sensory processing of pain that seems to result from a combination of interactions between neurotransmitters, stress, hormones and the nervous system; spasmophilia would seem to be more linked to a dysfunction at the neuromuscular level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pisa, Italy. l.bazzichi@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bazzichi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Consensi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giacomelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Feo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doveri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sernissi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Consoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciapparelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dell'Osso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013746:Tetany / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines