title: Evaluation of toxic risk assessment of arsenic in male subjects through drinking water in southern Sindh Pakistan.
abstract: The arsenic (As) hazardous quotient was estimated based on concentration of As in drinking water and scalp hair of male subjects of two age groups (n=360) consuming As contaminated water at different levels and non-contaminated drinking water. The total As concentrations in drinking water of less-exposed (LE) and high-exposed (HE) areas was found to be 3- to 30-fold higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (2004) for drinking water, while the levels of As in drinking water of non-exposed (NE) areas was within the permissible limit. The levels of As in scalp hair samples of male subjects of two age groups belonging to NE, LE, and HE areas ranged from 0.01 to 0.27, 0.11-1.31, and 0.36-6.80 μg/g, respectively. A significant correlation between As contents of drinking water and As concentration in scalp hair was observed in sub-district Gambit (r=0.825-0.852, p<0.001) as compared to those subjects belonging to LE sub-district Thari Mirwah. A toxicity risk assessment provides a hazard quotient corresponding to <10 that indicates non-carcinogenic exposure risk of understudy areas.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. jab_mughal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Abdul Qadir
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nida Fatima
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kolachi
authors.forename: Ghulam Abbas
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kandhro
authors.forename: Sham Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D001151:Arsenic