title: Additive effects of orexin B and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on LL-37-mediated antimicrobial activities.
abstract: The present study examined the bactericidal effects of orexin B (ORXB) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) alone or combined with cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal effect of ORXB or VIP alone was detected in low NaCl concentration, but attenuated in physiological NaCl concentration (150 mM). However, such attenuated bactericidal activities of ORXB and VIP in 150 mM NaCl were regained by adding LL-37. Therefore, our results indicate that VIP and ORXB appear to mediate bactericidal effects in concert with LL-37 in the physiological context of mucosal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajiya
authors.forename: Tongbo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mawardi
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elbadawi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsuzawa
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology*; D000068797:Orexins; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000502:physiology*; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000502:physiology; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000502:physiology; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C406407:DEFB1 protein, human; C000596229:HCRT protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D023084:alpha-Defensins; D023083:beta-Defensins; C406413:human neutrophil peptide 1; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D054804:Cathelicidins