title: Oxford Shoulder Score: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) is a questionnaire developed to evaluate patients with certain shoulder problems. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt a Turkish version of the OSS and validate its use for assessing Turkish patients with shoulder pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  OSS was translated and culturally adapted according to the guidelines in the literature. Eighty-four patients (mean age 49.26 ± 11.92 years) with shoulder problems participated. Patients completed the Turkish OSS, the Short Form 36 (SF-36), and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach α coefficient. Reproducibility was assessed by asking patients to complete another OSS 48 h after the first test. Correlation between the total results of both tests was determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and ICC. Validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the OSS and SPADI and SF-36 scores. Floor and ceiling effects were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α 0.92). The reproducibility tested by two different methods showed no significant difference. Correlation between the OSS and SPADI and SF-36 physical component summary score were -0.7, and 0.6, respectively (p < 0.001). There was no floor or ceiling effect in total OSS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Turkish version of the OSS proved to be valid, reliable and reproducible instrument as demonstrated by high Cronbach α and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The application and evaluation of the instrument was feasible and minimally time consuming for use in clinical trials in Turkish-speaking patients with shoulder problems.
authors.affiliation: Muğla Coşku Private Education and Rehabilitation Center, Muğla, Turkey. umuttugay@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tuğay
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tuğay
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gelecek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey