title: Identification of differentially expressed genes induced by Bamboo mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana by cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genes of plants can be up- or down-regulated during viral infection to influence the replication of viruses. Identification of these differentially expressed genes could shed light on the defense systems employed by plants and the mechanisms involved in the adaption of viruses to plant cells. Differential gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants in response to infection with Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) was revealed using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following inoculation with BaMV, N. benthamiana displayed differential gene expression in response to the infection. Isolation, cloning, and sequencing analysis using cDNA-AFLP furnished 90 cDNA fragments with eight pairs of selective primers. Fifteen randomly selected genes were used for a combined virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) knockdown experiment, using BaMV infection to investigate the roles played by these genes during viral infection, specifically addressing the means by which these genes influence the accumulation of BaMV protein. Nine of the 15 genes showed either a positive or a negative influence on the accumulation of BaMV protein. Six knockdown plants showed an increase in the accumulation of BaMV, suggesting that they played a role in the resistance to viral infection, while three plants showed a reduction in coat protein, indicating a positive influence on the accumulation of BaMV in plants. An interesting observation was that eight of the nine plants showing an increase in BaMV coat protein were associated with cell rescue, defense, death, aging, signal transduction, and energy production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports an efficient and straightforward method for the identification of host genes involved in viral infection. We succeeded in establishing a cDNA-AFLP system to help track changes in gene expression patterns in N. benthamiana plants when infected with BaMV. The combination of both DNA-AFLP and VIGS methodologies made it possible to screen a large number of genes and identify those associated with infections of plant viruses. In this report, 9 of the 15 analyzed genes exhibited either a positive or a negative influence on the accumulation of BaMV in N. benthamiana plants.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ying-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zi-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yau-Heiu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ching-Hsiu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary