title: Development, evaluation and validation of a new instrument for measurement quality of life in the parents of children with chronic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood chronic disease may affect patients' and their family's functioning. Particularly parents, who play an important role in cooperation between patient and health care professionals, report impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was development, evaluation and validation of a new instrument: Quality of Life in a Child's Chronic Disease Questionnaire (QLCCDQ). The questionnaire is addressed to parents of children with a chronic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study design included semi structured interview and qualitative study, which allowed to identify most troublesome problems. Following the results the questionnaire was developed, which consists of 15 questions and covers domains--emotions, patients -perceived symptoms, roles limitations. An observational study involving parents of asthma and diabetes children was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the measure. Psychometric testing was based on the reliability of defined subscales, construct validity, reproducibility assessment, as well as comparison between stable/unstable disease stages and parents of healthy children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most troublesome concerns for parents of child with chronic disease included emotional distress and feeling depressed due to child's disease, avoiding social interactions due to child's disease or symptoms. 98 parents of children with asthma or insulin - depended diabetes participated in the psychometric testing of QLCCDQ. Internal consistency reliability for the defined subscales ranged between 0.77 and 0.93. Reproducibility based on the weighted kappa coefficients showed expected level of agreement and was almost perfect in case of 8 questions, substantial for 5 questions and moderate for 2 questions. QLCCDQ demonstrated very good construct validity--all subscales showed statistically significant correlations ranging from 0.4 to 0.9. QLCCDQ scores differed significantly by clinical status--parents of children qualified as stable presented higher scores in most subscales in comparison to parents of children with unstable disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QLCCDQ shows good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The questionnaire may be useful in helping to understand the impact of chronic child's disease on parental perception of health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. mfarnik@interia.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farnik
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brożek
authors.forename: Władysław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pierzchała
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Zejda
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrzypek
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Walczak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D004485:Eczema; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*