title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of pediatric urolithiasis: a single institution experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of the electromagnetic lithotripter in the treatment of pediatric lithiasis to that of the earlier electrohydraulic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of children with lithiasis aged between 10 and 180 months who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). In the first group (26 children), ESWL was performed by using the electrohydraulic MPL 9000X Dornier lithotripter between 1994 and 2003 while in the second group (19 children) the electromagnetic EMSE 220 F--XP Dornier lithotripter was used from April 2003 to May 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first group, 21/26 children (80.7%) were stone free at first ESWL session. Colic pain resolved by administration of an oral analgesic in 6 (23%), brief hematuria (<24 h) resolved with increased fluid intake in 5 (19.2%), while slightly elevated body temperature (<38°C) occurred in 4 (15.3%). Four children (15.3%) failed to respond to treatment and were treated with ureteroscopy. In the second group 18/19 children were completely stone free at first ESWL session (94.7%). Complications were infrequent and of minor importance: colic pain treated with oral analgesic occurred in 1 (5.26%), brief hematuria (<24 h), resolved with increased fluid intake in 4 (21%) and slightly elevated body temperature (<38° C) monitored for 48 hours occurred in 6 (31.5%). Statistical analysis showed that electromagnetic lithotripter is more efficacious and safer than the earlier electrohydraulic model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Technological development not only has increased efficacy and safety of lithotripter devices in treating pediatric lithiasis, but it also provided less painful lithotripsy by eliminating the need for general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece. stamatiouk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Stamatiou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heretis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takos
authors.forename: Vaios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sofras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000628:therapy*