title: Human ZP4 is not sufficient for taxon-specific sperm recognition of the zona pellucida in transgenic mice.
abstract: The molecular basis of human fertilization remains enigmatic. Mouse models are often used to study sperm-egg recognition, but the mouse zona pellucida surrounding ovulated eggs contains three proteins (ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3) whereas the human zona contains four (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4). Human sperm are fastidious and recognize human but not mouse eggs. Transgenic mouse lines were established to ascertain whether human ZP4 is the sole determinant of human sperm binding. Human ZP4 expressed in transgenic mice had a molecular mass similar to the range of native protein isoforms and was incorporated into the extracellular zona matrix. Transgenic females were fertile with normal litter sizes. Mouse sperm readily recognized transgenic ovulated eggs, but human sperm did not. We conclude that human ZP4 is not sufficient to support human sperm binding to the zona pellucida in transgenic mice and that other zona proteins may be needed for human gamete recognition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yauger
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Boggs
authors.forename: Jurrien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009030:Mosaicism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000072216:Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins
chemical_list: D004527:Egg Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C082833:ZP4 protein, human; D000072216:Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins