title: QuikClot Combat Gauze use for hemorrhage control in military trauma: January 2009 Israel Defense Force experience in the Gaza Strip--a preliminary report of 14 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard gauze field dressings and direct pressure occasionally are inadequate for the control of hemorrhage. QuikClot® Combat Gauze™ (QCG) combines surgical gauze with an inorganic material and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration and by the Israeli Standards Institute for external hemorrhage control. The purpose of this article is to report clinical use of this dressing during Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza strip during January 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  QuikClot Combat Gauze and the QCG guidelines were issued to advanced life support (ALS) providers during the preparations for the Operation. All cases of injuries involving hemorrhage were reviewed, as well as interviews with the ALS providers (physicians and paramedics) and injured soldiers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen uses of QCG were reported and reviewed (out of a total of 56 hemostatic interventions in 35 cases). Dressings were applied to injuries to the head, neck, axilla, buttocks, abdomen, back, and pelvis in 10 cases, and to extremities in four cases. In 13 cases (93%), injuries were caused by blast or gunshot mechanisms. The success rate was reported as 79% (11/14). Failure to control hemorrhage was reported in three cases in three different locations: neck, buttock, and thigh. All failures were attributed to severe soft tissue and vascular injuries. No complications or adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report on the clinical field use of the QCG dressing by ALS providers suggests that it is an effective and safe product, and applicable for prehospital treatment of combat casualties. This report further suggests that QCG should be issued to medics as well as ALS providers. Larger clinical investigations are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Forces, Petach Tiqwa, Israel. ranyuval@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yuval
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hadad
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daher
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ganor
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yegorov
authors.forename: Carmi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartal
authors.forename: Nachman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hirschhorn
mesh_terms: D001458:Bandages; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D007616:Kaolin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008889:Military Personnel; D014857:Warfare; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007616:Kaolin