title: Connecting variability in global transcription rate to mitochondrial variability.
abstract: Populations of genetically identical eukaryotic cells show significant cell-to-cell variability in gene expression. However, we lack a good understanding of the origins of this variation. We have found marked cell-to-cell variability in average cellular rates of transcription. We also found marked cell-to-cell variability in the amount of cellular mitochondrial mass. We undertook fusion studies that suggested that variability in transcription rate depends on small diffusible factors. Following this, in vitro studies showed that transcription rate has a sensitive dependence on [ATP] but not on the concentration of other nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs). Further experiments that perturbed populations by changing nutrient levels and available [ATP] suggested this connection holds in vivo. We found evidence that cells with higher mitochondrial mass, or higher total membrane potential, have a faster rate of transcription per unit volume of nuclear material. We also found evidence that transcription rate variability is substantially modulated by the presence of anti- or prooxidants. Daughter studies showed that a cause of variability in mitochondrial content is apparently stochastic segregation of mitochondria at division. We conclude by noting that daughters that stochastically inherit a lower mitochondrial mass than their sisters have relatively longer cell cycles. Our findings reveal a link between variability in energy metabolism and variability in transcription rate.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ricardo Pires
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: das Neves
authors.forename: Nick S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enver
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Iborra
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate