title: Smart Self-Assembling MagnetS for ENdoscopy (SAMSEN) for transoral endoscopic creation of immediate gastrojejunostomy (with video).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrojejunostomy is important for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction and surgical obesity procedures. A less-invasive endoscopic technique for gastrojejunostomy creation is conceptually attractive. Our group has developed a compression anastomosis technology based on endoscopically delivered self-assembling magnets for endoscopy (SAMSEN) to create an instant, large-caliber gastrojejunostomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate an endoscopic means of gastrojejunostomy creation by using SAMSEN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Developmental laboratory and animal facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study and human cadaveric study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yorkshire pigs (7 cadaver, 5 acute); human (1 cadaver).
  
  
  METHODS
  A transoral procedure for SAMSEN delivery was developed in porcine and human cadaver models. Subsequently, gastrojejunostomy creation by using SAMSEN was performed in 5 acute pigs. The endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity through the gastrotomy, and a segment of the small bowel was grasped and pulled closer to the stomach. An enterotomy was created, and a custom overtube was advanced into the small bowel for deployment of the first magnetic assembly. Next, a reciprocal magnetic assembly was deployed in the stomach. The 2 magnetic systems were mated under fluoroscopic and endoscopic guidance. Contrast studies assessed for gastrojejunostomy leak. Immediate necropsies were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technical feasibility and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastrojejunostomy creation by using SAMSEN was successful in all 5 animals. Deep enteroscopy was performed through the stoma without difficulty. No leaks were identified on contrast evaluation. At necropsy, the magnets were properly deployed and robustly coupled together, resistant to vigorous tissue manipulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute animal study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic creation of immediate gastrojejunostomy by using SAMSEN is technically feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryou
authors.forename: Padraig
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cantillon-Murphy
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azagury
authors.forename: Sohail N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Greenwalt
authors.forename: Michele B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine