title: Randomized placebo controlled trial of furosemide on subjective perception of dyspnoea in patients with pulmonary oedema because of hypertensive crisis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the administration of furosemide with placebo on the subjective perception of dyspnoea in patients with acute pulmonary oedema because of hypertensive crisis. Design  Randomized, controlled and double-blinded clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Municipal emergency medical service system and university-based emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with pulmonary oedema because of hypertensive crisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Additional to administration of oxygen, morphine-hydrochloride and urapidil until the systolic blood pressure was below 160mmHg, the patients were randomized to receive furosemide 80mg IV bolus (furosemide group) or saline placebo (placebo group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was the subjective perception of dyspnoea as measured with a modified BORG scale at one hour after randomization. Secondary outcome parameters were the subjective perception of dyspnoea of patients as measured with a modified BORG scale and a visual analogue scale at 2, 3 and 6h after randomization of the patient; course of the systolic arterial pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation and lactate at admission and at 6h after admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 25 patients in the furosemide group and in 28 patients in the placebo group, a BORG score could be obtained. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of dyspnoea at one hour after randomization (P=0·40). The median BORG score at 1h after randomization in the furosemide group was 3 (IQR 2 to 4) compared to 3 (IQR 2 to 7) in the placebo group (P=0·40). Those patients who were randomized to the placebo group needed higher doses of urapidil at 20min after randomization. There were no significant differences in the rate of adverse events, nonfatal cardiac arrests or death between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subjective perception of dyspnoea in patients with hypertensive pulmonary oedema was not influenced by the application of a loop-diuretic. Therefore, additional furosemide therapy needs to be scrutinized in the therapy of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holzer-Richling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herkner
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riedmüller
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Havel
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaff
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malzer
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D010919:Placebos; D005665:Furosemide