title: Aberrant methylation of heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 genes as a biomarker in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first aim was to determine whether hypermethylation of certain tumor related genes, including 3OST2, CHFR, RUNX3, and p16, could be detected in Japanese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The second was to utilize the most frequently hypermethylated genes as biomarkers for early detection of CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the aberrant promoter methylation profile of 4 genes in 129 colorectal tumors and corresponding normal mucosa. For the second step, bowel lavage and blood of the main tumor drainage vein from 21 CRC patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3OST2 gene was the most frequently methylated (57%) and was methylated frequently (9/21, 43%) in bowel lavage but rarely (1/21; 4.7%) in the venous drainage. The concordance between 3OST2 methylation in bowel lavage and corresponding tumor samples was 71.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may show the possibility of early detection for CRC by examining 3OST2 gene methylation status in DNA extracted from stool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 500-8705, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazdar
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000077209:Decitabine; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D019942:Genes, p16; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; C493729:Runx3 protein, human; D000077209:Decitabine; C412002:CHFR protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C093554:heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase; D001374:Azacitidine