title: The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is part of the mechanism of cell-to-cell HIV-1 endocytosis in dendritic cells.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) starts to replicate upon virus-cell fusion mediated by the CD4-Env-coreceptor interaction. HIV enters target cells also through endocytosis, a mechanism which rarely leads to HIV replication. Both modes of entry are greatly improved by cell-cell contact. We recently reported that the contact of human primary dendritic cells with HIV-1 infected cells leads to high levels of virus endocytosis and HIV-1 antigen presentation activity in dendritic cells. Here, we provide evidence that the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is involved in the mechanism of cell-to-cell HIV-1 endocytosis in DCs. Accordingly, the specific inhibition of MMP-9 led to reduced extents of HIV-1 antigen presentation activity. The identification of cell molecules involved in the cell-to-cell HIV-1 endocytosis would be of significance for better understanding the mechanisms underlying the induction of the anti-HIV adaptive immune response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathogenesis of Retroviruses, National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toschi
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federico
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002450:Cell Communication; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D020298:U937 Cells; D014779:Virus Replication; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015488:HIV Antigens; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9