title: Judging a book by its cover: the unconscious influence of pupil size on consumer choice.
abstract: Past research suggests that men perceive women with large pupils as especially attractive. We employed an innovative methodology to examine whether this effect influences consumer decision-making. A popular psychology book was published with two slightly different front covers. Both covers contained the same photograph of a woman; however, the woman's pupils on one cover were digitally enlarged. Readers indicated whether they were male or female, and whether they possessed the cover with small or large pupils. A significantly greater percentage of men than women had chosen the cover with the large pupils. None of the participants who attempted to guess the nature of the experiment was correct, suggesting that the influence exerted by pupil size was unconscious. These findings provide further support for the notion that people's judgments are unconsciously swayed by pupil size, and demonstrate that this effect operates in a real world setting.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK. r.wiseman@herts.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watt
mesh_terms: D001877:Books; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology