title: Effects of the aging process on left ventricular systolic and diastolic synchronicity indexes: insights from 160 "completely" healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growing attempt to use left ventricular (LV) systolic (LVSIsys) and diastolic (LVSIdia) synchronicity indexes in the process of selecting potential responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy has created a need for normative reference values.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought: (1) to determine normal reference ranges for LVSIsys and LVSIdia, and (2) to assess their relationships to age and conventional parameters reflecting LV systolic and diastolic functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 160 healthy volunteers (104 men) free of any systemic or cardiovascular disease. Maximal difference and standard deviation of time to peak systolic and peak early diastolic myocardial velocities for LVSIsys and LVSIdia were measured using 6 and 12 segment models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal ranges for LVSIsys and LVSIdia obtained in this study were slightly higher than previously reported. The normal aging process did not significantly change LVSIsys, whereas LVSIdia progressively and consistently increased with age. Significant correlations were observed between LVSIdia and parameters representing LV diastolic function, that is, early mitral inflow velocity and its deceleration time, and early mitral annulus velocity. A physiologic increase in LV mass/Ht²·⁷ showed a weak, but significant correlation with LVSIdia (r = 0.15-0.22), but not with LVSIsys. On multivariate analysis, an age-dependent increase in LVSIdia was confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we propose age-specific reference ranges for LVSIsys and LVSIdia. LVSIsys remains stable throughout age groups, whereas LVSIdia progressively increases with age. We believe that the reference values provided here will be useful for defining abnormal LV synchronous contraction and relaxation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea. cardiman@medimail.co.kr
authors.forename: Hyung-Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Sung-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Keun-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin-Shik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Young-Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003971:Diastole; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000592:standards*; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult