title: [Effects of morphine on the development of chick embryos].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of morphine on fetal movement, heart rate, hatch weight, hatch days and hatch rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphine was injected into airspace of eggs and fetal movement, heart rate, hatch weight, hatch days and hatch rates were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hatch days were shorter, hatch rates were lower and some chicks became motor disorder for morphine. Chicks with morphine exposure 20 mg/kg from E 12 to E 16 had highest hatch rate and lowest disable rate. Morphine reduced fetal movement, increased heart rate (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of chick embryo is impaired by morphine exposure and the magnitude of these effects depends on the drug dose and the length of time that the developing organism is exposed to morphine.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, China. cheyiwenshan@sina.com.cn
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Yong-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yu-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hua-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuan-ye
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine