title: Standardized training in nurse model travel clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  International travel plays a significant role in the emergence and redistribution of major human diseases. The importance of travel medicine clinics for preventing morbidity and mortality has been increasingly appreciated, although few studies have thus far examined the management and staff training strategies that result in successful travel-clinic operations. Here, we describe an example of travel-clinic operation and management coordinated through the University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases. This program, which involves eight separate clinics distributed statewide, functions both to provide patient consult and care services, as well as medical provider training and continuing medical education (CME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial training, the use of standardized forms and protocols, routine chart reviews and monthly continuing education meetings are the distinguishing attributes of this program. An Infectious Disease team consisting of one medical doctor (MD) and a physician assistant (PA) act as consultants to travel nurses who comprise the majority of clinic staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight clinics distributed throughout the state of Utah serve approximately 6,000 travelers a year. Pre-travel medical services are provided by 11 nurses, including 10 registered nurses (RNs) and 1 licensed practical nurse (LPN). This trained nursing staff receives continuing travel medical education and participate in the training of new providers. All nurses have completed a full training program and 7 of the 11 (64%) of clinic nursing staff serve more than 10 patients a week. Quality assurance measures show that approximately 0.5% of charts reviewed contain a vaccine or prescription error which require patient notification for correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using an initial training program, standardized patient intake forms, vaccine and prescription protocols, preprinted prescriptions, and regular CME, highly trained nurses at travel clinics are able to provide standardized pre-travel care to international travelers originating from Utah.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2405, USA. theresa.sofarelli@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sofarelli
authors.forename: Jane H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Devon C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hale
mesh_terms: D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D014195:Travel; D057236:Travel Medicine / Q000193:education*; D014589:Utah