title: The impact of transcriptomics on the fight against tuberculosis: focus on biomarkers, BCG vaccination, and immunotherapy.
abstract: In 1882 Robert Koch identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a disease as ancient as humanity. Although there has been more than 125 years of scientific effort aimed at understanding the disease, serious problems in TB persist that contribute to the estimated 1/3 of the world population infected with this pathogen. Nonetheless, during the first decade of the 21st century, there were new advances in the fight against TB. The development of high-throughput technologies is one of the major contributors to this advance, because it allows for a global vision of the biological phenomenon. This paper analyzes how transcriptomics are supporting the translation of basic research into therapies by resolving three key issues in the fight against TB: (a) the discovery of biomarkers, (b) the explanation of the variability of protection conferred by BCG vaccination, and (c) the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies to treat TB.
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Rodrigo
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Zárate-Bladés
authors.forename: Celio Lopes
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Geraldo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Passos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D055808:Drug Discovery; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D015415:Biomarkers