title: Lack of effect of unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion on patient outcomes after massive transfusion in a civilian setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Warm fresh whole blood has been advocated for critical bleeding in the military setting. This study assessed whether unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion, from donation to transfusion less than 24 hours, could reduce mortality of patients with critical bleeding in a civilian setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A linked data cohort study was conducted on a total of 353 consecutive patients requiring massive transfusion, defined as 10 units or more of red blood cells or whole blood transfusion within 24 hours, in a quaternary health care center in Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 353 patients with massive blood transfusion in the study, 77 received unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion (mean, 4.0 units; interquartile range, 2-6). The diagnosis, severity of acute illness, age, sex, and ABO blood group were not significantly different between the patients who received unrefrigerated young whole blood and those who did not. Unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusions were associated with a slightly improved coagulation profile (lowest fibrinogen concentrations 1.7g/L vs. 1.4g/L, p=0.006; worst international normalization ratio, 2.4 vs. 2.8, p=0.05) but did not reduce the total utilization of allogeneic blood products and subsequent use of recombinant Factor VIIa (27% vs. 22%, p=0.358). Thirty-day mortality and 8-year survival after hospital discharge (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-2.65; p=0.93) were also not different after the use of unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion was not associated with a reduced mortality of patients requiring massive transfusion in a civilian setting when other blood products were readily available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia. kwok.ho@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: Kwok M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Anton D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult