title: Oral cancer-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
abstract: Paraneoplastic syndromes are cancer-associated endocrinological, haematological, dermatological or neurological disorders, which are directly related neither to the physical effects of the tumour mass, nor to invasion by the primary tumour, nor to metastasis of the tumour; nor are they associated either with the side-effects of anticancer treatment or with any of the complications of cancer. These syndromes are brought about by the ectopic production of biological mediators by the malignant tumour cells, or by immunological responses to the malignancy. Certain cancers are typically associated with specific paraneoplastic disorders. Though uncommonly, oral carcinomata have reportedly been associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus, humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, and paraneoplastic leukocytosis syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa. lfeller@ul.ac.za
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feller
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R A G
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Khammissa
authors.forename: U M E
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Chikte
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Essop
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyerov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemmer
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009384:Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D020361:Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System / Q000209:etiology; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein