title: Effects of specific chemical suppressors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is critical in thrombus formation and inflammation. Although these are essential pathological features of cardiovascular diseases, the effects of PAI-1 inhibition against the development of cardiovascular remodeling have not been well studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  the review explores the therapeutic value of PAI-1 in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases. To date, the authors have reported that a novel PAI-1 inhibitor suppressed the development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis, vascular remodeling after arterial injury, and heart transplant rejection using rodent models. Pathologically, the PAI-1 inhibitor improved histological remodeling of myocardium and arteries with suppression of inflammation and thrombus formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAI-1 inhibitors appear to exhibit potent effects on the prevention of adverse tissue remodeling. However, PAI-1 is a multifunctional protein and more research is needed to further elucidate the association between PAI-1 expression and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, 7 - 3 - 1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113 - 8655, Japan +81 3 5800 9116 ; +81 3 5800 9182 ; junichisuzuki-circ@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itai
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1