title: Increased skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery after sub-maximal exercise is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and CVD risk in healthy subjects is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty subjects were evaluated for CVD risk with lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function was determined by phosphocreatine recovery after sub-maximal exercise with (31)Phosphorous-MRS and represented as τPCr.
  
  
  RESULTS
  τPCr was positively associated with age (r=+0.41; P=0.009) and cIMT (r=+0.50; P=0.001) on univariate analyses. In multivariate regression analysis controlling for age, the association between τPCr and cIMT remained significant (β=0.003; P=0.03). This association remained significant after controlling for traditional risk factors for CVD including age, gender, tobacco use, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol and fasting glucose in a combined model (β=0.003; P=0.04; R(2)=0.53; P=0.008 for overall model).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a novel association between skeletal muscle τPCr and increased cIMT, independent of age or traditional CVD risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. hmakimura@partners.org
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makimura
authors.forename: Takara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Noelle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hemphill
authors.forename: Mirko I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hrovat
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Systrom
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010725:Phosphocreatine