title: The impact of breastfeeding on mothers' attentional sensitivity towards infant distress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal response towards infant distress has an important impact on infant development. In animals it is established that lactation and pup suckling plays an important role in maintaining maternal responses. Previous research suggests that breastfeeding is associated with sensitive maternal responses in human mothers. However, this may be because women who are more sensitive to their infant choose to breastfeed. The current study investigated the attentional sensitivity towards infant distress in women who went on to breast or formula feed during pregnancy as well as after birth. We hypothesised that differences in breast and formula feeding mothers would only emerge after birth once feeding had commenced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were recruited during pregnancy through community midwives as part of a longitudinal study. 51 women were seen during late pregnancy and between 3 and 6 months after birth (27 were breast and 24 were formula feeding). Sensitivity to infant distress was measured as the extent of women's attentional bias towards infant distress stimuli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After birth, we found that our index of attentional bias towards infant distress was 37 ms (0.5 S.D.s) (CI; 6-69, p = 0.021) higher in breastfeeding compared to formula feeding mothers. However, mothers who went on to breastfeed did not show greater attentional bias towards infant distress already during late pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the act of breastfeeding may influence mothers' attentional sensitivity towards infant distress. Previous research suggests breastfeeding is indicative of sensitive parenting. The current findings may suggest a mechanism by which breastfeeding and/or associated infant interaction could contribute to this sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Cotham Hill, Bristol, UK. Rebecca.Pearson@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lightman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004522:Educational Status; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010298:Parity; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012923:Social Class; D055815:Young Adult