title: Inspiratory muscle training in type 2 diabetes with inspiratory muscle weakness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may present weakness of the inspiratory muscles. We tested the hypothesis that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could improve inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, functional capacity, and autonomic modulation in patients with type 2 diabetes and weakness of the inspiratory muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximal inspiratory muscle pressure (PImax) was evaluated in a sample of 148 patients with type 2 diabetes. Of these, 25 patients with PImax<70% of predicted were randomized to an 8-wk program of IMT (n=12) or placebo-IMT (n=13). PImax, inspiratory muscle endurance time, pulmonary function, peak oxygen uptake, and HR variability were evaluated before and after intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of inspiratory muscle weakness was 29%. IMT significantly increased the PImax (118%) and the inspiratory muscle endurance time (495%), with no changes in pulmonary function, functional capacity, or autonomic modulation. There were no significant changes with placebo-IMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes may frequently present inspiratory muscle weakness. In these patients, IMT improves inspiratory muscle function with no consequences in functional capacity or autonomic modulation.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory and Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: Jorge P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Fernanda Machado
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Balzan
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mundstock
authors.forename: Elton Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ferlin
authors.forename: Ruy Silveira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents