title: Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic cascades in the tumor microenvironment.
abstract: Blood and lymphatic vessels in tumor tissue are major components of the tumor microenvironment. These vessels are newly formed from pre-existing host vessels stimulated by pro-blood-angiogenic and pro-lymph-angiogenic (pro-blood/lymph-angiogenic) factors expressed in tumor cells. Tumor cells establish a specific stromal microenvironment fostering tumor growth, in which blood/lymph-angiogenesis are involved. The tumor-associated blood/lymph-angiogenesis is continually induced by complicated cytokine networks, namely pro-blood/lymph-angiogenic factor-mediated paracrine and autocrine interactions among tumor cells and stromal cells including endothelial cells (ECs) and non-endothelial mesenchymal cells (neMCs). In this review, we provide an overview of the features of tumor-associated blood/lymph-angiogenesis based on recent and updated information obtained mainly from our studies. With regard to the constituent cell-dependent molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor blood/lymph-angiogenesis, we focus on: 1) the role of blood/lymph-angiogenesis-related factors/receptors expressed in tumor cells; and 2) the role of blood/lymph-angiogenesis-related factors/receptors expressed in stromal cells (ECs and neMCs). Finally, we discuss the features of tumor-associated blood/lymph-anigogenesis, especially a vessel abnormality through the viewpoint of blood/lymph-angiogenic cascades in tumor microenvironment for better understanding of the tumor vascular biology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathophysiological and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. onimaru@pathol1.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mitsuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onimaru
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonemitsu
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000502:physiology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3