title: Genetic, enzymatic and developmental alterations observed in Caiman latirostris exposed in ovo to pesticide formulations and mixtures in an experiment simulating environmental exposure.
abstract: In South America, economic interests in last years have produced a constant increase in transgenic soybean cropping, with the corresponding rise in pesticide formulated products. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pesticides formulations and mixtures on a South American caiman, Caiman latirostris, after in ovo exposure. We conducted a field-like experiment which simulates the environmental exposure that a caiman nest can receive in neighbouring croplands habitats. Experimental groups were Control group, Treatment 1: sprayed with a glyphosate herbicide formulation, and Treatment 2: sprayed with a pesticide mixture of glyphosate, endosulfan and cypermethrin formulations. Results demonstrated genotoxicity, enzymatic and metabolic alterations, as well as growth delay in caimans exposed in ovo to Treatments 1 and 2, showing a higher toxicity for the mixture. Integral evaluation through biomarkers of different biological meaning is highly informative as early indicators of contamination with pesticides and mixtures in this wildlife species.
authors.affiliation: Proyecto Yacaré-Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Aguas, Servicios Públicos y Medio Ambiente), CP 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina. gpoletta@fbcb.unl.edu.ar
authors.forename: Gisela L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Poletta
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kleinsorge
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paonessa
authors.forename: Marta D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mudry
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larriera
authors.forename: Pablo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Siroski
mesh_terms: D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D017753:Ecosystem; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013020:South America; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D004726:Endosulfan; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D009153:Mutagens; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate; C017160:cypermethrin