title: Characterization of the radiation environment by Liulin-type spectrometers.
abstract: Liulin-type spectrometers can characterise the type of predominant particles and their energy in the radiation environment. The results from calibrations and space and aircraft experiments revealed that the most informative is by the shape of the deposited energy spectrum. Spectra generated by galactic cosmic rays (GCR) protons and their secondaries look like straight lines in the coordinates deposited energy/deposited per channel dose rate. The position of the maximum of the deposited energy spectra depends on the incident energy of the incoming protons. Spectra generated by relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt have a maximum in the first channels. For higher energy depositions, these spectra are similar to the GCR spectra. All types of spectra have a knee close to 6.3 MeV of deposited energy, which corresponds to the stopping energy of protons in the detector.
authors.affiliation: Solar-Terrestrial Influences Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad G Bonchev Street, Block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. tdachev@bas.bg
authors.forename: Ts
authors.initials: Ts
authors.lastname: Dachev
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spurny
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ploc
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019445:Solar Activity; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods