title: Endurance, refuge, and reemergence of dengue virus type 2, Puerto Rico, 1986-2007.
abstract: To study the evolution of dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 in Puerto Rico, we examined the genetic composition and diversity of 160 DENV-2 genomes obtained through 22 consecutive years of sampling. A clade replacement took place in 1994-1997 during a period of high incidence of autochthonous DENV-2 and frequent, short-lived reintroductions of foreign DENV-2. This unique clade replacement was complete just before DENV-3 emerged. By temporally and geographically defining DENV-2 lineages, we describe a refuge of this virus through 4 years of low genome diversity. Our analyses may explain the long-term endurance of DENV-2 despite great epidemiologic changes in disease incidence and serotype distribution.
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Kate L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: Gilberto A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Niall J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Birren
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Jordán
mesh_terms: D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010802:Phylogeny; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology