title: Steric and electronic effects in capsule-confined green fluorescent protein chromophores.
abstract: The turn-on of emission in fluorescent protein chromophores sequestered in an "octaacid" capsule is controlled by stereoelectronic effects described by a linear free energy relationship. The stereochemical effects are governed by both the positions and volumes of the aryl substituents, while the electronic effects, including ortho effects, can be treated with Hammett σ parameters. The use of substituent volumes rather than A values reflects packing of the molecule within the confines of the capsule.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldridge
authors.forename: Shampa R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.forename: Nithyanandhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jayaraj
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.forename: Laren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tolbert
mesh_terms: D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002214:Capsules; D003116:Color; D004583:Electrons; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; D002214:Capsules; D007093:Imidazoles; C547329:benzylidene-3-methylimidazolidinone; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins