title: Depressive symptoms evaluated by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS): genetic vulnerability and sex effects.
abstract: The present study compares the occurrence of depressive symptoms evaluated by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) in patients of Multiplex (MS) and Simplex Schizophrenia families (SS). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate psychopathology. A total of 206 paranoid schizophrenia patients were studied according DSM-IV criteria. The Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS) was used to study the families. A result in the FIGS for a positive family history of schizophrenia was referred as MS (patients); its lack as SS (patients). CDSS scores were compared among MS and SS patients and possible sex differences intra- and inter-groups were explored. In the analysis of our sample (30) 19% of the total persons with schizophrenia group was depressed. The depressive symptoms measured by the CDSS were higher in females and the MS males group. Males from MS group showed more depressive symptoms than males from SS group. No differences with females from both groups were found. Findings in this study underscore the importance of gender and family history in understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. This study suggests that sex and familiar history are important to consider in studying depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Biological Psychiatry Department, Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana City, Cuba. migdyrai@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Migdyrai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Reyes
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Mayelín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Tania Marta
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Seidel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerra
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: Andres Ruiz
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Linares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric