title: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in gynaecology: A new frontier in minimally invasive surgery.
abstract: REVIEW OBJECTIVE: To review the recent developments and published literature on laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery in gynaecology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimally invasive surgery has become a standard of care for the treatment of many benign and malignant gynaecological conditions. Recent advances in conventional laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery have favorably impacted the entire spectrum of gynaecological surgery. With the goal of improving morbidity and cosmesis, continued efforts towards refinement of laparoscopic techniques have lead to minimization of size and number of ports required for these procedures. LESS surgery is a recently proposed surgical term used to describe various techniques that aim at performing laparoscopic surgery through a single, small-skin incision concealed within the umbilicus. In the last 5 years, there has been a surge in the developments in surgical technology and techniques for LESS surgery, which have resulted in a significant increase in utilisation of LESS across many surgical subspecialties. Recently published outcomes data demonstrate feasibility, safety and reproducibility for LESS in gynaecology. The contemporary LESS literature, extent of gynaecological procedures utilising these techniques and limitations of current technology will be reviewed in this manuscript.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LESS surgery represents the newest frontier in minimally invasive surgery. Comparative data and prospective trials are necessary in order to determine the clinical impact of LESS in treatment of gynaecological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Gynecologic Oncology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda Nickles
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Fader
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Camille C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: Abigail D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Winder
authors.forename: Pedro F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Escobar