title: Highly pathogenic (H5N1) avian influenza induces an inflammatory T helper type 1 cytokine response in the chicken.
abstract: To better understand the immune response to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, we compared expression of cytokines in chickens infected with avian influenza virus (A/Vietnam/1203/04) to that in uninfected chickens. Gene expression analyses revealed that influenza disseminated to multiple organs where immune responses could be identified. Among those cytokines influenced by influenza infection were the T helper type (Th)1-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)12 and interferon γ. In addition, a corresponding downregulation of the intracytoplasmic factor GATA3 was identified, whereas the Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL10 did not appear to be impacted by the infection. The inflammatory cytokine IL6 also appeared to be highly upregulated along with type 1 and type 3 interferon. Together, these data indicate that a strong inflammatory and Th1 response occurs after highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in the chicken that has implications for strategies that target the immune system for improving resistance to avian influenza.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia. adam.karpala@csiro.au
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karpala
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Karel A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schat
authors.forename: Li-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ruben O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Donis
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lowenthal
authors.forename: Andrew G D
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines