title: Influences of increased levels of biotin, zinc or mannan-oligosaccharides in the diet on foot pad dermatitis in growing turkeys housed on dry and wet litter.
abstract: Foot pad dermatitis (FPD) is very common in turkeys and it is an animal health and welfare issue affecting not only performance and walking ability but also the carcass quality. Thus, there is a great need to find out the preventive measures against this problem. The potential roles of extra dietary biotin, Zn and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) in preventing the development of FPD were assessed in this study which was conducted on 2-week-old female turkeys over a period of 4 weeks. The birds were allotted to four groups, with 29 each, and housed on dry wood shavings in floor pens. The turkeys were fed a control (300 μg biotin and 50 mg Zn/kg), high biotin (2000 μg/kg), high Zn (150 mg/kg) or MOS (1%) diet. Half of the turkeys in each group were additionally exposed to wet litter (27% DM) for 8 h daily in adjacent separate boxes. Foot pads of the birds were examined on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 and assessed macroscopically and histopathologically for foot pad lesions. High dietary levels of biotin or Zn significantly reduced the severity of FPD on dry litter (score 1 vs. 2 in control) but not on wet litter. However, MOS did not affect the severity of foot pad lesions either on dry or wet litter. In addition, the severity was overall substantially higher on wet (approximately three times) than on dry litter. The present results suggest that adding high levels of biotin or Zn to the diet could reduce the development and severity of FPD on dry litter but without having any preventive effects on wet litter. Finally, the high litter moisture appears to be the major factor resulting in FPD. Therefore, the litter should be maintained dry to minimize the prevalence and severity of FPD in turkeys.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany.
authors.forename: I M I
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beineke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rohn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamphues
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001710:Biotin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002432:Cecum; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D014422:Turkeys / Q000254:growth & development*; D014867:Water; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008351:Mannans; D014867:Water; D001710:Biotin; D000641:Ammonia; D015032:Zinc