title: Surgical outcome of simultaneous carotid and cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The surgical outcome of a simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and cardiac surgery has not been clarified. This study retrospectively reviewed short- and mid-term outcomes after a carotid endarterectomy combined with valvular surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients (12 males and 3 females, mean age 68.9 ± 6.7, range 59-86 years) underwent a carotid endarterectomy combined with cardiac surgery. The main indication for carotid endarterectomy was more than 75% carotid stenosis with or without cerebral ischemic symptom. Eight patients had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Endarterectomy was performed under mild hypothermia and controlled hemodynamics with pulsatile perfusion with cardiopulmonary bypass in all cases. Concomitant cardiac procedures were aortic valve replacement in 1 patient and CABG in 14 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no early death. Early neurological complications occurred in only 1 patient (6.7%). The ratio of heart-type fatty acid binding protein increased significantly in those that suffered postoperative neurological complications. One patient died 6 months after the operation due to pneumonia. There was no myocardial infarction, and no events were observed in the late postoperative periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid endarterectomy can be safely performed in combination with cardiac surgery. Furthermore, the heat-type fatty acid binding protein levels might be useful for predicting early neurological complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Cardiovascular Institute Hospital, 7-3-10 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sezai
authors.forename: Kazutomo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome