title: Sevoflurane preconditioning confers neuroprotection via anti-inflammatory effects.
abstract: Neuroprotection afforded by volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, yet the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We therefore investigated whether suppression of p38 MAPK, NF-kappa B and the downstream pro-inflammatory signaling cascade contribute to sevofurane APC-induced neuroprotection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 30 min/day on 4 consecutive days to ambient air or to sevoflurane (1.2% or 2.4%). Then rats were subjected to filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 60 min, and euthanized 3 days after MCAO for measuring infarct volume. APC with sevofurane markedly improved neurological performance of stroke rats, significantly decreased infarct volume, and robustly suppressed activation of NF-kappa B and p38 MAPK, and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, APC with sevofurane showed a direct inflammation-suppressing effect in rat brain receiving intracerebroventricular infusion of a dose of LPS that doesn't cause overt brain damage. Thus, the data suggest that APC with sevoflurane confers neuroprotection against focal ischemic brain injury, at least in part, by the anti-inflammatory effects of sevoflurane.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anesthesiology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hailian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shiduo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Peiying
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000077149:Sevoflurane