title: Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 and symptoms reproduction in carpal tunnel syndrome. A validity study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the validity of the Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 (ULNT1) for the diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) with blind comparison to a reference criterion of a compatible clinical presentation and abnormal nerve conduction. 47 subjects with suspected CTS were enrolled. All patients were tested with nerve conduction studies and ULNT1. Considering results as positive in the presence of reproduction of symptoms on affected upper limb, or side-to-side differences in elbow extension, or symptoms modified by lateral neck side-bending, we estimated sensitivity as 91.67%, specificity as 15%, positive likelihood ratio as 1.0784, negative likelihood ratio as 0.5556, and post-test probability for negative test as 40%. Using a new criterion, i.e. the reproduction of symptoms only in the first three digits of the affected hand, we estimated sensitivity as 54.17%, specificity as 70%, positive and negative likelihood ratios as 1.8056 and 0.6548, respectively, and post-test probability for positive test as 68%. Our investigation suggests that the reproduction of the typical current CTS symptoms in the affected hand during ULNT1 testing, improves estimation of the probability of the presence of this condition, even if this test alone cannot be used to diagnose CTS.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tosarelli 144 40055 Castenaso, Bologna, Italy. cavanti@tin.it
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vanti
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonfiglioli
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marinelli
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guccione
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Violante
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pillastrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology