title: A new mixed mode solid phase extraction strategy for opioids, cocaines, amphetamines and adulterants in human blood with hybrid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection.
abstract: A rapid method has been developed to analyse morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, dihydrocodeine, cocaethylene, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, pseudoephedrine, lignocaine, benzylpiperazine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, methadone, phenethylamine and levamisole in human blood. Blood samples were cleaned up using mixed mode solid phase extraction using Evolute™ CX solid phase extraction cartridges and the sample aliquots were analysed by hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QTRAP) mass spectrometry with a runtime of 12.5 min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) as survey scan and an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan as dependent scan were performed in an information-dependent acquisition (IDA) experiment. Finally, drug identification and confirmation was carried out by library search with a developed in-house MS/MS library based on EPI spectra at a collision energy spread of 35 ± 15 in positive mode and MRM ratios. The method was validated in blood, according to the criteria defined in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. At least two MRM transitions for each substance were monitored in addition to EPI spectra. Deuterated analogues of analytes were used as internal standards for quantitation where possible. The method proved to be simple and time efficient and was implemented as an analytical strategy for the illicit drug monitoring of opioids, cocaines, amphetamines and adulterants in forensic cases of crime offenders, abusers or victims in the Republic of Ireland.
authors.affiliation: The State Laboratory, Backweston Laboratory Complex, Young's Cross, Celbridge, Co Kildare, Ireland. Geraldine.Dowling@statelab.ie
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regan
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003042:Cocaine