title: Inverse association of the obesity predisposing FTO rs9939609 genotype with alcohol consumption and risk for alcohol dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the FTO rs9939609 A allele (a risk factor for obesity) is associated with measures of alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study and two case-control studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poland and the Warsaw area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6584 subjects from the WOBASZ survey and two cohorts of alcohol-dependent patients (n = 145 and n = 148).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data analysis, rs9939609 typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among individuals drinking alcohol, the obesity-associated AA genotype was also associated with lower total ethanol consumption [sex-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted difference: 0.21 g/day, P = 0.012] and distinct drinking habits with relatively low frequency of drinks but larger volume consumed at a time as evidenced by (i) association between AA and frequency/amount of typical drinks (P = 0.023, multiple logistic regression analysis); (ii) inverse correlation between AA and drink frequency adjusted for drink size (P = 0.007 for distilled spirits, P = 0.018 for beer); (iii) decreased frequency of AA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46, P = 0.0004] among those who drank small amounts of distilled spirits (≤ 100 ml at a time) but frequently (≥ 1-2 times/week). A decrease of AA was also found in both cohorts of alcohol-dependent patients versus geographically matched subjects from WOBASZ yielding a pooled estimate of OR = 0.59, confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.88, P = 0.008. Exploratory analysis showed that those with rs9939609 AA reported lower (by 1.22) mean number of cigarettes/day during a year of most intense smoking (P = 0.003) and were older at start of smoking by 0.44 years (P = 0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FTO AA genotype, independently from its effect on BMI, is associated with measures of ethanol consumption and possibly tobacco smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobczyk-Kopciol
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Broda
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojnar
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kurjata
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakubczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klimkiewicz
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ploski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human