title: Vulvar cancer as a target for molecular medicine.
abstract: Vulvar carcinoma is a rare female genital neoplasm. Although numerous molecular defects in vulvar carcinomas have been reported until now, no molecular markers that could be applied in daily clinical work have been identified so far. However, there is emerging evidence that specific mutations and gene expression patterns may be used as diagnostic tools in oncology. In this article we systematically review genetic alterations that may contribute to the development and progression of vulvar carcinoma. We conclude by suggesting molecular markers of potential clinical value in the diagnostics of this type of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klemba
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kukwa
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semczuk
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D005092:Exonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D005092:Exonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C413442:SFN protein, human; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases