title: Osteoporosis in persons with spinal cord injury: the need for a targeted therapeutic education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify circumstances surrounding the onset of fracture and common risk factors in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to suggest an alternative or complement to the pharmacologic approach by evaluating the need for a prospective study based on the impact of a targeted therapeutic education on risk management of fractures in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital and Rehabilitation Center Setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n=7) and men (n=25; N=32; with ≥1 fracture after the initial SCI that occurred at home or in a hospital setting; mean ± SD age, 53±12y at the time of clinical review) with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, main circumstances of onset, and complications of fractures, as well as transversal bone mineral density evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients had more than 1 fracture and 23 patients had only 1 fracture (total, 43 fractures; mean age at onset of fracture, 49±12y; median time since injury, 13.9y; mean delay in diagnosis, 6.5±15d). Fractures occurred mostly in the lower limbs. The circumstances of onset of these fractures were different and very stereotyped. In 3 cases, no trauma was reported. The most frequent mechanisms identified were forced maneuvers by the patient or a third party and falls. In 10 cases, the fracture occurred during a wheelchair transfer with forced maneuver or a fall from the wheelchair. Twenty-five patients were confined to bed after the fracture (mean duration of bed confinement, 18±28d; range, 0-120d). Postfracture follow-up showed that for 43 cases of fractures, 19 had at least 1 orthopedic complication, 15 had local complications, and 23 had general complications. Patients (23 of 32) benefited from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess BMD a few months or years after the fracture (mean femoral neck BMD, 0.574±0.197g/cm²; mean femoral neck T score, -3.8±1.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this retrospective analysis of common risk factors and circumstances of onset of secondary fractures, there is a clear future for a prospective study to evaluate the impact of targeted therapeutic education on risk factors for secondary fractures in patients with SCI.
authors.affiliation: Centre Mutualiste Neurologique Propara, Montpellier, France. c.fattal@languedocmutualite.fr
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fattal
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mariano-Goulart
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rouays-Mabit
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verollet
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maimoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*