title: Randomized controlled trial of primary care pediatric parenting programs: effect on reduced media exposure in infants, mediated through enhanced parent-child interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pediatric primary care-based programs to enhance parenting and early child development reduce media exposure and whether enhanced parenting mediates the effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban public hospital pediatric primary care clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 410 mother-newborn dyads enrolled after childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 interventions, the Video Interaction Project (VIP) and Building Blocks (BB) interventions, or to a control group. The VIP intervention comprised 1-on-1 sessions with a child development specialist who facilitated interactions in play and shared reading through review of videotapes made of the parent and child on primary care visit days; learning materials and parenting pamphlets were also provided. The BB intervention mailed parenting materials, including age-specific newsletters suggesting activities to facilitate interactions, learning materials, and parent-completed developmental questionnaires (Ages and Stages questionnaires).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic media exposure in the home using a 24-hour recall diary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) exposure at 6 months was 146.5 (125.0) min/d. Exposure to VIP was associated with reduced total duration of media exposure compared with the BB and control groups (mean [SD] min/d for VIP, 131.6 [118.7]; BB, 151.2 [116.7]; control, 155.4 [138.7]; P = .009). Enhanced parent-child interactions were found to partially mediate relations between VIP and media exposure for families with a ninth grade or higher literacy level (Sobel statistic = 2.49; P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric primary care may represent an important venue for addressing the public health problem of media exposure in young children at a population level.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00212576.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. alm5@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
authors.forename: Benard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brockmeyer
authors.forename: Samantha B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Berkule-Silberman
authors.forename: Harris S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Huberman
authors.forename: Suzy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009519:New York City; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000458:organization & administration; D010989:Play Therapy / Q000379:methods; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods