title: Perilipin polymorphism interacts with saturated fat and carbohydrates to modulate insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Macronutrient intakes and genetic variants have been shown to interact to alter insulin resistance, but replications of gene-nutrient interactions across independent populations are rare, despite their critical importance in establishing credibility. We aimed to investigate a previously demonstrated saturated fat and carbohydrate interaction for insulin resistance for perilipin (PLIN1), a regulator of adipocyte metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the previously shown interaction for PLIN1 11482G > A (rs894160) on insulin resistance in US men (n = 462) and women (n = 508) (mean ± SD, 49 ± 16 years). In multivariable linear regression models, we found an interaction (P < 0.05) between the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake as a continuous variable and PLIN1 11482G > A for HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) in women. For carriers of the minor allele but not for non-carriers, as the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake increased, predicted HOMA-IR increased (P = 0.002). By dichotomizing the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate intake into high and low, we found significant interaction terms for insulin and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). When the ratio of saturated fat to carbohydrate was high, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in minor allele carriers (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively), but did not differ when the ratio was low. Similar patterns or trends were observed when saturated fat and carbohydrate were dichotomized into high and low as individual macronutrients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Replication of the previously reported interaction between macronutrient intakes and PLIN1 genotype for insulin resistance reinforces the potential usefulness of applying genotype information in the dietary management of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA. caren.smith@tufts.edu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovás
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D054647:Nutrigenomics / Q000379:methods; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014589:Utah; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; C000602978:PLIN1 protein, human; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins