title: Idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deviation of the spinal axis. The main diagnostic criterion is spinal curvature exceeding 10° on a plain anteroposterior X-ray image. Scoliosis is called idiopathic when no other underlying disease can be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selective literature review and recommendations of the relevant medical societies in Germany and abroad.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scoliosis in children of school age and above primarily occurs in girls. Its prevalence is 1% to 2% among adolescents, but more than 50% among persons over age 60. The therapeutic goal in children is to prevent progression. In children, scoliosis of 20° or more should be treated with a brace, and scoliosis of 45° or more with surgery. The treatment of adults with scoliosis is determined on an individual basis, with physiotherapy and braces playing a relatively minor role. Adults (even elderly adults) who have scoliosis and sagittal imbalance may be best served by surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scoliosis is common. Early diagnosis makes a major difference in the choice of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospital for Children, 3551 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. pertrobisch@gmail.com
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trobisch
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suess
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult