title: Psychosocial factors associated with patterns of smoking surrounding pregnancy in fragile families.
abstract: Although research has documented factors associated with maternal smoking, we need a more in-depth understanding of the risk factors associated with changes in smoking behaviors during the postpartum period. We investigate smoking patterns during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum as a function of relevant psychosocial factors. We use data on 3,522 postpartum mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to analyze the predictors of smoking among mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy but smoked at 1 year postpartum, mothers who smoked both during pregnancy and postpartum, and mothers who did not smoke during either period. Our covariates are grouped into four categories of risk factors for smoking: socioeconomic status, health care, life course and health, and partner and social support. Postpartum mothers in our sample were more likely to smoke throughout or after their pregnancies if they had only a high school education or less, had a household income three or more times below the poverty line, had public or no health insurance, breastfed for less than 5 months, were not married to the infant's father, if the infant's father currently smoked, and if they attended religious services less than once a week. Mental health problems were consistently associated with an increased risk of constant and postpartum smoking relative to non-smoking. Psychosocial factors play a role in postpartum smoking, but they have a stronger effect in predicting smoking that persists throughout pregnancy and the first year postpartum.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. rpage@nursing.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Yolanda C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Erin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population