title: Male breast carcinoma metastatic to the choroid: report of 3 cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe breast cancer as a source of choroidal metastasis in men and highlight the diagnostic and treatment modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative case series of male patients with breast cancer metastatic to the choroid. A literature review of the previously reported cases was also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases of breast cancer metastatic to the choroid in male patients from one institution are described. All 3 patients eventually underwent treatment with radiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast cancer is a rare cause of choroidal metastases in men. Radiotherapy is effective as a palliative treatment for choroidal metastases.
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: G Thomas
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Budd
authors.forename: Z Nicholas
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Zakov
authors.forename: Arun D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology