title: Vitamin D insufficiency in Korea--a greater threat to younger generation: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D status in the Korean population has not been adequately determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in the Korean population, and also identify the predictors for vitamin D insufficiency in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) in the Korean population conducted in 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  3,047 males and 3,878 females aged 10 years and older selected in all the 16 administrative districts of South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency defined as serum 25(OH)D level of less than 20 ng/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 47.3% of males and 64.5% of females, whereas only 13.2% of male and 6.7% of female population had a serum 25(OH)D level of greater than 30 ng/ml. Vitamin D insufficiency was most prevalent in the age of 20-29, with a rate of 65.0% in males and 79.9% in females, and least prevalent in the age of 60-69 in males and 50-59 in females. Those who work usually indoors were more predisposed to vitamin D insufficiency. In the adult population, predictors for vitamin D insufficiency included young age groups, spring and winter seasons, living in an urban area, and indoor occupations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D insufficiency is very common, and it is now a greater threat to the younger generation in Korea. Current recommendations for vitamin D intakes for Koreans are inadequate, especially for the youth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-shi, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Han Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Woong Hwan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jung Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang Joon
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yumie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Sung-Kil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009790:Occupations; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol