title: Leukocyte β2-adrenergic receptor expression in response to resistance exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epinephrine and norepinephrine mediate interactions between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems to alter immune cell activity. Although both systems respond to exercise stress, less is known about how they interact in response to such stress. The purpose of this investigation was to examine β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-ADR) expression on circulating leukocytes to an acute bout of resistance exercise in men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resistance-trained men (n = 8; mean ± SD age = 24.63 ± 5.07 yr, body mass index = 26.09 ± 2.21 kg·m(-2)) and women (n = 7; age = 22.13 ± 3.09 yr, body mass index = 22.63 ± 2.03 kg·m(-2)) performed an acute resistance exercise protocol (six sets of five-repetition maximum heavy squats) and a control test (i.e., identical conditions with no exercise) in a balanced, randomized order. Using a within-subject design, β2-ADR expressions on circulating leukocytes were evaluated with flow cytometry, and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were evaluated with high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine increased during the exercise bout and returned to baseline during recovery. β2-ADR expression on monocytes was elevated in anticipation of the exercise protocol. β2-ADR expression on monocytes and granulocytes decreased during the exercise. β2-ADR expression on lymphocytes was elevated during the recovery time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, β2-ADR expression on leukocyte subpopulations changes in response to acute heavy resistance exercise protocol. The present findings provide insights into the potential temporal interactions between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems in response to the physiological stress of acute heavy resistance exercise in men and women.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
authors.forename: Maren S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fragala
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mastro
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Denegar
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Elaine C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055070:Resistance Training; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D019344:Lactic Acid; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine