title: E durans strain M4-5 isolated from human colonic flora attenuates intestinal inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effects of a unique high-butyrate-producing bacterial strain from human colonic flora, Enterococcus durans, in prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A compartmentalized Caco-2/leukocyte coculture model was used to examine the in vitro effects of E durans and its metabolite butyrate on basal and Escherichia coli-stimulated secretion of proinflammatory immune factors (IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. A murine model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis was used to examine in vivo effects of prevention and therapy with E durans on clinical, biochemical, and histologic parameters of inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the coculture model, treatment with E durans and with butyrate reduced basal as well as E coli stimulated secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased secretion of IL-10. In the in vivo murine model, preventive administration of E durans significantly ameliorated clinical disease activity index (weight loss, fecal bleeding, and stool consistency), reduced myeloperoxidase concentration in colon tissue extracts, improved histologic scores of colonic inflammation, and inhibited colonic transcription of proinflammatory immune factors. The effect of therapeutic treatment alone on these parameters was more moderate but still significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that E durans strain M4 to 5 and its metabolic product butyrate induce significant anti-inflammatory effects, mediated by regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune factors as well as preservation of intestine epithelial integrity, suggesting that this novel anti-inflammatory bacterium may be preferentially a useful prophylactic treatment to avoid inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Liraz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avram-Hananel
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parlesak
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003092:Colitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011897:Random Allocation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10