title: Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in a community-based study in North India: the Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study (CUDS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As there have been few studies in North India of the prevalence of diabetes within the past decade, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetes in the North Indian city of Chandigarh.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional survey of 2227 subjects (response rate: 94%), aged ≥20 years and representative of the urban Chandigarh population, was conducted from April 2008 to June 2009. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) following ingestion of 75 g of an anhydrous glucose equivalent were estimated by glucometer in all subjects except those with known diabetes, in whom only FPG was measured. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on 1999 WHO criteria. The collected prevalence data was age-standardized for the Chandigarh population, and multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to correlate risk factors with the presence of diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 349 subjects (15.7%, 95% CI: 13.9-16.9) were diabetic, comprising 210 (9.4%) with known diabetes and 139 (6.2%) with newly diagnosed diabetes, and 344 (15.4%, 95% CI: 14.3-17.1) subjects were prediabetic. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 11.1% (95% CI: 9.7-12.4) and 13.2% (95% CI: 11.8-14.6), respectively. Age ≥50 years, a family history of diabetes, BMI ≥23 kg/m(2), abdominal obesity and hypertension were significantly and positively associated with the presence of diabetes, whereas educational status was negatively associated with diabetes (P<0.001 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 11.1% and 13.2%, respectively. Older age, family history of diabetes, obesity and hypertension were positively related, while educational status was negatively related, to the presence of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 160012 Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravikiran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shanmugasundar
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar Bhadada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors