title: One-year, simultaneous combined exposure of CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether one-year, long-term, simultaneous exposure to code division multiple access (CDMA; 849 MHz) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA; 1.95 GHz) radiofrequencies (RF) would induce chronic illness in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 40 SD rats (50% males and females in sham and exposed groups) were exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF simultaneously at 2.0 W/kg for 45 min/day (total 4.0 W/kg), 5 days per week for a total of one year. Body and organ weight measurements, urinalysis, haematological and blood biochemical analysis, and histopathological evaluations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality patterns in male and female rats exposed to RF were compared with those found in gender-matched sham control animals. No significant alteration in body weight was observed with the simultaneous combined RF exposure. Most RF-exposed rats showed no significant alteration, based on urinalysis, haematology, blood biochemistry, or histopathology. However, some altered parameters of the complete blood count and serum chemistry were seen in RF-exposed rats. The total tumour incidence was not different between sham-exposed and RF-exposed animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that one-year chronic exposure to CDMA (849 MHz) and WCDMA (1.95 GHz) RF simultaneously at 2.0 W/kg for 45-min RF exposure periods (total, 4 W/kg) did not increase chronic illness in rats, although there were some altered parameters in the complete blood count and serum chemistry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeung-Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hae-June
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seon Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pack
authors.forename: Nam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation