title: Human antibody responses to the Anopheles salivary gSG6-P1 peptide: a novel tool for evaluating the efficacy of ITNs in malaria vector control.
abstract: To optimize malaria control, WHO has prioritised the need for new indicators to evaluate the efficacy of malaria vector control strategies. The gSG6-P1 peptide from gSG6 protein of Anopheles gambiae salivary glands was previously designed as a specific salivary sequence of malaria vector species. It was shown that the quantification of human antibody (Ab) responses to Anopheles salivary proteins in general and especially to the gSG6-P1 peptide was a pertinent biomarker of human exposure to Anopheles. The present objective was to validate this indicator in the evaluation of the efficacy of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs). A longitudinal evaluation, including parasitological, entomological and immunological assessments, was conducted on children and adults from a malaria-endemic area before and after the introduction of ITNs. Significant decrease of anti-gSG6-P1 IgG response was observed just after the efficient ITNs use. Interestingly, specific IgG Ab level was especially pertinent to evaluate a short-time period of ITNs efficacy and at individual level. However, specific IgG rose back up within four months as correct ITN use waned. IgG responses to one salivary peptide could constitute a reliable biomarker for the evaluation of ITN efficacy, at short- and long-term use, and provide a valuable tool in malaria vector control based on a real measurement of human-vector contact.
authors.affiliation: UR016 Contrôle et Caractérisation des Populations de Vecteurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cotonou, Benin. papa-makhtar.drame@ird.fr
authors.forename: Papa Makhtar
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Drame
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poinsignon
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Besnard
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cornelie
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Mire
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Foumane
authors.forename: Maria Adelaide
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dos-Santos
authors.forename: Mbacké
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sembène
authors.forename: Filomeno
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simondon
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Remoue
mesh_terms: D000810:Angola; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000378:metabolism*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry; D008288:Malaria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010455:Peptides; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C552919:gSG6-P1 peptide, human