title: [The correlation analysis between environmental factors, bone morphogenetic protein-4 and transforming growth factor beta-3 polymorphisms in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of interactions among environmental factors, bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) and transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β(3)) polymorphisms on nonsyndromic cleft lip and cleft palate (NSCLP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of environmental exposures were collected with questionnaires. Genotypes were determined with techniques of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interactions between genes, environmental factors and NSCLP were analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The interactions were validated by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation between three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with NSCLP. The developmental accident of NSCLP had higher risk in the interaction between BMP4 T538C, maternal passive smoking and infection in first trimester pregnancy, as well as in the interaction of six factors between TGF-β(3) G15572-, maternal passive smoking, infections, multivitamin supplement in the first trimester pregnancy, paternal smoking and high risk drinking before realizing pregnancy than in other interactions of environmental factors. The results could be validated by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NSCLP is induced by the interactions between genes and environmental risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Jian-yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rong-sheng
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Ze-qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xin-qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hong-yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yuan-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3