title: Correlation to estimate emission rates for soil-applied fumigants.
abstract: The emission rates [ER (μg m⁻² s⁻¹)] for subsurface injections and surface chemigations for 15 fumigant applications were combined with the physicochemical properties of the fumigants [vapor pressure, VP (Pa); water solubility, S(w) (mg L⁻¹); soil adsorption coefficient, K(oc) (mL g⁻¹)] and with application conditions [application rate, AR (kg ha⁻¹); depth of application, d (cm)]. This resulted in the regression Ln ER = 3.598 + 0.9400 Ln R [R = (VP × AR)/(S(w) × K(oc) × d)], which can be used to estimate emissions for new applications. Emission rates derived from the linear correlation were used as input to an atmospheric dispersion model to estimate concentrations of fumigants in air at various downwind distances, and the results were compared with concentration values measured in the field near sources. The fumigant correlation along with an atmospheric dispersion model can be used as a rapid screening method by regulatory and enforcement agencies for exposure and risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. jwoodrow@unr.edu
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Woodrow
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Seiber
authors.forename: Glenn C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D005651:Fumigation; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D055548:Vapor Pressure; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water