title: Copy number alterations in urothelial carcinomas: their clinicopathological significance and correlation with DNA methylation alterations.
abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the genetic backgrounds underlying the clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial carcinomas (UCs). Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis using a 244K oligonucleotide array was performed on 49 samples of UC tissue. Losses of 2q33.3-q37.3, 4p15.2-q13.1 and 5q13.3-q35.3 and gains of 7p11.2-q11.23 and 20q13.12-q13.2 were correlated with higher histological grade, and gain of 7p21.2-p21.12 was correlated with deeper invasion. Losses of 6q14.1-q27 and 17p13.3-q11.1 and gains of 19q13.12-q13.2 and 20q13.12-q13.33 were correlated with lymph vessel involvement. Loss of 16p12.2-p12.1 and gain of 3q26.32-q29 were correlated with vascular involvement. Losses of 5q14.1-q23.1, 6q14.1-q27, 8p22-p21.3, 11q13.5-q14.1 and 15q11.2-q22.2 and gains of 7p11.2-q11.22 and 19q13.12-q13.2 were correlated with the development of aggressive non-papillary UCs. Losses of 1p32.2-p31.3, 10q11.23-q21.1 and 15q21.3 were correlated with tumor recurrence. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis based on copy number alterations clustered UCs into three subclasses: copy number alterations associated with genome-wide DNA hypomethylation, regional DNA hypermethylation on C-type CpG islands and genome-wide DNA hypo- and hypermethylation were accumulated in clusters A, B(1) and B(2), respectively. Tumor-related genes that may encode therapeutic targets and/or indicators useful for the diagnosis and prognostication of UCs should be explored in the above regions. Both genetic and epigenetic events appear to accumulate during urothelial carcinogenesis, reflecting the clinicopathological diversity of UCs.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagashio
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
authors.forename: Yae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology