title: Investigational pharmacology for low back pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Review and reinterpretation of existing literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review article summarizes the anatomy and pathogenesis of disease processes that contribute to low back pain, and discusses key issues in existing therapies for chronic low back pain. The article also explains the scientific rationale for investigational pharmacology and highlights emerging compounds in late development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the diverse and complex nature of chronic low back pain continues to challenge clinicians, a growing understanding of chronic low back pain on a cellular level has refined our approach to managing chronic low back pain with pharmacology. Many emerging therapies with improved safety profiles are currently in the research pipeline and will contribute to a multimodal therapeutic algorithm in the near future. With the heterogeneity of the patient population suffering from chronic low back pain, the clinical challenge will be accurately stratifying the optimal pharmacologic approach for each patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
authors.forename: Avinash K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhandary
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chimes
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Malanga