title: Trace elements and toxic heavy metals play a role in Buerger disease and atherosclerotic peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to define the roles of trace elements and toxic heavy metals in Buerger disease and atherosclerotic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five subjects who were identical in demographic charecteristics were selected for the study; 25 with Buerger disease, 25 with PAOD, 25 healthy volunteers. Serum selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe),whole blood cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), erythrocyte and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Se and Zn levels were significantly low in patients with Buerger disease compared to patients with PAOD and controls (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). Serum levels of Fe and Zn were also significantly low in patients with PAOD compared to controls (p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively). In contrast, Cu and Pb levels in Buerger disease group were significantly high compared to PAOD and control groups (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). Erythrocyte GSH and GSH-Px levels were significantly lower in patients with Buerger disease compared to patients with PAOD and controls (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively), while erythrocyte and plasma MDA levels were significantly higher (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the levels of trace elments and toxic heavy metals and oxidative stress influence the disease process in Buerger disease more than PAOD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. canerkvc@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altan
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Akgün
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kiziler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aydemir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Güzel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Besirli
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*; D014421:Turkey; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc