title: Evaluation of surface roughness of microhybrid and nanofilled composites after pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the surface roughness patterns of two resin-based composite restorative materials, a microhybrid (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) and a nanofilled (Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE), subjected to a regimen that simulated dynamic pH-cycling and toothbrushing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve standardized cylindrical specimens of each resin-based composite material were prepared, finished, and mechanically polished. The experimental units were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen followed by 50,000 toothbrushing cycles, after which the surface roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM surface roughness was evaluated at three intervals: (1) immediately after specimen preparation (baseline), (2) after pH-cycling, and (3) after simulated toothbrushing. The results were then analyzed using a split-plot design and followed by linear regression and a Tukey's test at a significance level of p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained indicated that simulated toothbrushing provoked a remarkable increase in surface roughness for both types of composite resins tested (p=0.0031). However, pH-cycling did not alter the surface of the composite under the conditions of this experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that simulated toothbrushing was capable of increasing the surface roughness of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and the nanofilled (Filtek Supreme) composites tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composites is significantly increased after toothbrushing, although pH-cycling, as tested in this study, does not appear to affect the morphology of either composite material.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Alves Pinto Moura
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Penteado
authors.forename: Josealdo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tonholo
authors.forename: José Ginaldo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.forename: Milton Fernando de Andrade
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Celso da Silva
authors.initials: Cda S
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: Marcos Augusto do
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rego
authors.forename: Priscila Christiane Suzy
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liporoni
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C474035:Filtek Supreme; C444701:Filtek Z250; D014100:Toothpastes; D014867:Water