title: Noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning in rats increases antioxidant activities in cerebral tissue during severe ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the protection offered by noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning (NDLIP) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The delayed protection offered by NDLIP was estimated in light of changes in the neural behavior marker and cerebral tissue antioxidative ability. Neurological functions were studied by observing neural behavior. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in cerebral tissue and malonaldehyde (MDA) content were detected using a spectrophotometer. Mn-SOD mRNA was measured by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral infarct size was diminished in the early cerebral ischemia preconditioning (ECIP)+I/R and NDLIP+I/R groups compared with the I/R group (P < 0.05). The cortical and hippocampal antioxidant enzyme activity and Mn-SOD expression were increased in the ECIP+I/R and NDLIP+I/R groups. In contrast, the cortical and hippocampal XOD activity and MDA content decreased in the ECIP+I/R and NDLIP+I/R groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NDLIP decreased cerebral infarct size, increased cerebral antioxidative ability after I/R injury, and decreased peroxidative damage. The antioxidative protection offered by NDLIP was as effective as that offered by ECIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Heng-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xue-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yan-Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jian-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Wei-Zhen
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yan-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian-Shi
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase