title: A novel immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of trichloropyridinol, a biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos.
abstract: We present a novel portable immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor (IEB) for simple, rapid, and sensitive biomonitoring of trichloropyridinol (TCP), a metabolite biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Our new approach takes the advantage of immunochromatographic test strip for a rapid competitive immunoreaction and a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode for a rapid and sensitive electrochemical analysis of captured HRP labeling. Several key experimental parameters (e.g. immunoreaction time, the amount of HRP labeled TCP, concentration of the substrate for electrochemical measurements, and the blocking agents for the nitrocellulose membrane) were optimized to achieve a high sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Under optimal conditions, the IEB has demonstrated a wide linear range (0.1-100 ng/ml) with a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/ml TCP. Furthermore, the IEB has been successfully applied for biomonitoring of TCP in the rat plasma samples with in vivo exposure to organophosphorus insecticides like Chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon). The IEB thus opens up new pathways for designing a simple, rapid, clinically accurate, and quantitative tool for TCP detection, as well as holds a great promise for in-field screening of metabolite biomarkers, e.g., TCP, for humans exposed to organophosphorus insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Donglai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhexiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jordan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Timchalk
authors.forename: Fengquan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuehe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D004867:Equipment Design; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D011728:Pyridones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D007306:Insecticides; D011728:Pyridones; C009618:O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate; C012587:3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos