title: Efficient synthesis of trisaccharide saponins and their tumor cell killing effects through oncotic necrosis.
abstract: To investigate the relationship of cytotoxicity and saponins with varied aglycones, based on the structure of indioside E 1, a natural derived anti-tumor active ingredient from Chinese medicinal plant Solanum indicum L., five novel saponins 2-6 bearing the same trisaccharide moiety together with 1 were efficiently synthesized via a transglycosylation strategy. MTT assay revealed the killing effects to tumor cells of the synthesized saponins are varied with the change of aglycones. Furthermore, time-lapse microscopy, LDH release, PI staining, and immunocytochemical investigations demonstrated that the cell death caused by neosaponin 2 was through oncotic necrosis involving plasma membrane perturbation and destruction of cytoskeleton.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Hong-Xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012503:Saponins; D014312:Trisaccharides; C557710:diosgenyl rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-(xylopyranosyl-(1-3))galactopyranoside