title: Evaluation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of hesperidin and naringin on the rat air pouch model of inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of hesperidin and naringin was carried out considering the rat air pouch model of inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reference dose of hesperidin (H) or naringin (N) or indomethacin (I) was administered to the rat air pouches. The pouches were induced by injecting sterile air into the intra-scapular region of the rats followed by carrageenan (AP + C) administration. Rats injected only with air (AP) served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AP + C group, showed an increase in the exudate lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), TNF-α, activity of catalase (CAT), total leukocytes and neutrophils along with tissue edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Increases in tissue nitrite, LPO, GSH, SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT were recorded. Increased CAT and SGPT with concomitant decrease in ALP were observed in serum. When treated with indomethacin (AP + C + I), all the alterations in the exudate, tissue and serum shifted towards normalcy, except LPO in exudate and nitrite in tissue, while, hesperidin (AP + C + H) or naringin (AP + C + N) treatment normalized all the alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that both naringin and hesperidin are anti-inflammatory and antioxidative in nature, but hesperidin proved to be better than indomethacin and naringin because of more pronounced pharmacological actions without tissue toxicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001, MP, India.
authors.forename: Mandipika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Hamendra Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Parmar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D006569:Hesperidin; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; C005274:naringin; D007213:Indomethacin