title: Effects of timolol-related ophthalmic solutions on cultured human conjunctival cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inhibitory effects of drugs containing timolol on the proliferation of human conjunctival cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timoptol, Timoptol XE, Rysmon TG, and Timabak solutions were used. These commercially available drugs were diluted to 1/30, 1/100, and 1/300, and their effects on cell morphology, cell count, and cell activity were investigated. The effects of drugs containing benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as well as those of the Rysmon TG vehicle alone were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1/30 dilution, cells treated with Timoptol and Timoptol XE showed cell deformation. Timoptol and Timoptol XE also caused a significant decrease in the number of cells at 1/100 and 1/30 dilutions. Cell activity decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after the addition of either Timoptol or Timoptol XE. Rysmon TG and Timabak showed significantly higher cell activity than Timoptol or Timoptol XE at both 1/100 and 1/30 dilutions. The cell count increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the BAK-free group, while cell activity decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the cultures in the BAK-containing group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with Timoptol and Timoptol XE, Rysmon TG and Timabak showed milder toxicity on human conjunctival cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. mekawase@gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Wenzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimazawa
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000633:toxicity; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000633:toxicity; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D013999:Timolol