title: Selective extraction of triazine herbicides based on a combination of membrane assisted solvent extraction and molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction.
abstract: A selective extraction technique based on the combination of membrane assisted solvent extraction and molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for triazine herbicides in food samples was developed. Simazine, atrazine, prometon, terbumeton, terbuthylazine and prometryn were extracted from aqueous food samples into a hydrophobic polypropylene membrane bag containing 1000μL of toluene as the acceptor phase along with 100mg of MIP particles. In the acceptor phase, the compounds were re-extracted onto MIP particles. The extraction technique was optimised for the type of organic acceptor solvent, amount of molecularly imprinted polymers particles in the organic acceptor phase, extraction time and addition of salt. Toluene as the acceptor phase was found to give higher triazine binding onto MIP particles compared to hexane and cyclohexane. Extraction time of 120min and 100mg of MIP were found to be optimum parameters. Addition of salt increased the extraction efficiency for more polar triazines. The selectivity of the technique was demonstrated by extracting spiked cow pea and corn extracts where clean chromatograms were obtained compared to only membrane assisted solvent extraction or only molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. The study revealed that this combination may be a simple way of selectively extracting compounds in complex samples.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chimuka
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Pinxteren
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Billing
authors.forename: Ecevit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Jan Åke
authors.initials: JÅ
authors.lastname: Jönsson
mesh_terms: D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014227:Triazines