title: Decision making for the extent of thyroidectomy in the patient with atypical cytologic results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to identify additional preoperative factors that could reliably be used to aid in determining the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  tertiary care academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  two hundred consecutively treated patients who underwent thyroid surgery after having a fine-needle aspiration biopsy procedure yielding a specimen that met the criteria for atypical cytologic features.
  
  
  METHODS
  final histopathologic diagnosis of malignant vs benign disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the final diagnosis was benign in 42.5% of patients and malignant in 57.5%. The presence of microcalcifications within the nodule on ultrasonography (US) was significantly associated with a higher risk of malignant disease (relative risk = 1.31, P = .04). When examined individually, age, sex, family history of thyroid malignant disease, exposure to head and neck irradiation, nodule size, rim enhancement on US, and intranodular vascularity on US were not significantly associated with an increased risk of malignant disease. Mulivariate stepwise logistic regression modeling was used to identify a model that could reliably predict a higher probability of malignant disease. The final model determined that patients with microcalcifications on US and a nodule of 2.0 cm or larger had a 74.3% risk of malignant disease vs a 47.5% risk in patients with no microcalcifications and a nodule smaller than 2.0 cm. This difference was statistically significant. When the predicted probabilities of malignant disease were compared with the observed probabilities, the goodness-of-fit test revealed no significant difference (P = .95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  microcalcifications and nodule size can be used to risk-stratify patients with an atypical fine-needle aspiration biopsy result and aid in determining the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Ste 401, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
authors.forename: Manish D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Aadil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Spiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eski
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macmillan
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult