title: Case report: transesophageal echocardiography detected severe regional wall motion abnormalities signifying failed reimplantation of an anomalous left main coronary artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anomalous coronary arteries comprise a spectrum ranging from benign to fatal. The most ominous lesion that occurs is the left main coronary artery (LMCA) originating from the opposite aortic sinus. This defect usually presents as sudden death in a healthy young adult immediately after exercise. We report a case of reimplantation of an anomalous LMCA, discovered in a 15-yr-old girl during investigations for atypical chest pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) confirmed that the anomalous LMCA originated from the right aortic sinus. The anomalous LMCA was reimplanted to the left aortic sinus, but the patient could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass because of severe hypotension. The TEE demonstrated severe regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) in the territory of the LMCA with akinesis of the septal, antero-septal, anterior, and lateral walls. Using TEE, flow could not be seen in the reimplanted LMCA, hence, the differential diagnosis was established as failed reimplantation of the LMCA, coronary air embolism, or poor myocardial preservation, but the latter two causes were extremely unlikely. Surgical inspection of the reimplanted LMCA did not reveal a correctable problem. A left internal mammary artery to proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery graft was completed with resolution of the previous RWMA. Recovery of function in the lateral wall confirmed retrograde flow from the LAD into the circumflex artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transesophageal echocardiography was critical in rapidly determining the cause of hemodynamic instability following this uncommon operation. Despite the availability of newer techniques to detect and quantify RWMA, the assessment of wall motion and contractility remains subjective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800710, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0710, USA. dgd6n@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Duncan G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Randal S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Thiele
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012092:Replantation