title: Iron deficiency increases blood manganese level in the Korean general population according to KNHANES 2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present data from Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008 on the distribution of blood manganese (Mn) levels and their associations with iron deficiency in a representative sample of the adult Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on data obtained in KNHANES 2008, which was conducted for three years (2007-2009) using a rolling sampling design that involves a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-cluster survey of a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population in South Korea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geometric means (GMs) of blood Mn in the low serum ferritin group in women, men, and all participants were significantly higher than in the normal group. GMs of blood Mn in the low-normal serum ferritin groups in women and all participants were significantly higher than in the normal group. In addition, multiple regression analysis after controlling for covariates including gender, age, regional area, education level, and smoking and drinking status showed that blood Mn was significantly higher in the low ferritin group in women, men, and all participants compared with the normal group, whereas blood Mn was significantly higher in the low-normal ferritin group only in women and all participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that iron deficiency increases blood Mn level in the general population. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to show an association between blood Mn level and ferritin level in a representative sample of the adult population such as that evaluated in KNHANES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008345:Manganese