title: Inducible COX-2-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: Resveratrol is a naturally occurring trihydroxyl-diphenylethylene compound that has been shown experimentally to have beneficial effects in the treatment of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Resveratrol induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in these cells and activates important signal transducing proteins including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 in cancer cells. Resveratrol also causes nuclear accumulation of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and of the oncogene suppressor protein, p53. We have studied the molecular basis of the anticancer actions of resveratrol using human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cells. Our findings include the following: (i) nuclear accumulation of COX-2 in resveratrol-treated cells is blocked by the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059; (ii) an inhibitor of COX-2 activity, NS398, prevents accumulation of ERK1/2, COX-2, activated p53 and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO-1) in the nucleus; (iii) apoptosis, quantitated by nucleosome enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the nuclear abundance of the pro-apoptotic protein, BcL-xs, were inhibited by NS398. This finding implicates nuclear COX-2 in p53-mediated apoptosis induced by resveratrol. Sumoylation is important to stabilization of p53 and a COX-2-SUMO-1 interaction suggests sumoylation of COX-2 in resveratrol-treated cells and (iv) chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed binding of induced nuclear COX-2 to the promoter region of PIG3 and Bax, pro-apoptotic gene targets of transcriptionally active p53. Nuclear accumulation of activated ERK1/2 and sumolyated COX-2 are essential to resveratrol-induced pSer-15-p53-mediated apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Cassie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jualang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebuyira
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Westfall
authors.forename: Heng-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: SuFan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pin-Yung
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Hung-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000077185:Resveratrol; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D013267:Stilbenes; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000077185:Resveratrol