title: A study of ACE and ADD1 polymorphism in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is a common cerebrovascular accident. ACE and ADD1 gene are known to be associated with vascular complications leading to stroke susceptibility. The present study was carried out to evaluate the relative frequency of ACE and ADD1 common polymorphisms in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 386 CT or MRI proven stroke patients were included; 193 each had ischemic stroke and ICH. The locations and type of stroke were noted. ACE- I/D (rs4646994) and ADD1 (rs4961) gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genotype and allele frequencies of ACE and ADD1 polymorphisms were compared between patients and controls as well as between ischemic stroke and ICH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE (DD) genotype was significantly higher in ischemic stroke (37.8%) and ICH (33.7%) compared to controls (11.7%). D allele was also more frequent in ischemic stroke (57.3%) and ICH (56.7%) compared to controls (38.3%). ADD1 (WW) genotype and W allele frequencies were not significantly different in ischemic stroke, ICH and controls. In contrast, we found a synergistic role of ACE (DD)*ADD1(GW) interaction showing a positive association in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that ACE (DD) genotype and D allele significantly increase the susceptibility to ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Jayantee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalita
authors.forename: Bindu I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Somarajan
authors.forename: Bishwanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Balraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Usha K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D000099291:Adducins