title: Engineered cartilage using primary chondrocytes cultured in a porous cartilage-derived matrix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cell growth, matrix accumulation and mechanical properties of neocartilage formed by human or porcine articular chondrocytes on a porous, porcine cartilage-derived matrix (CDM) for use in cartilage tissue engineering.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the physical properties, cell infiltration and matrix accumulation in different formulations of CDM and selected a CDM made of homogenized cartilage slurry as an appropriate scaffold for long-term culture of human and porcine articular chondrocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CDM scaffold supported growth and proliferation of both human and porcine chondrocytes. Histology and immunohistochemistry showed abundant cartilage-specific macromolecule deposition at day 28. Human chondrocytes migrated throughout the CDM, showing a relatively homogeneous distribution of new tissue accumulation, whereas porcine chondrocytes tended to form a proteoglycan-rich layer primarily on the surfaces of the scaffold. Human chondrocyte-seeded scaffolds had a significantly lower aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability at day 28.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that a scaffold derived from native porcine articular cartilage can support neocartilage formation in the absence of exogenous growth factors. The overall characteristics and properties of the constructs depend on factors such as the concentration of CDM used, the porosity of the scaffold, and the species of chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Nai-Chen
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Tai-Horng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D016062:Porosity; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans