title: Cardioprotective effect of Nerium oleander flower against isoproterenol-induced myocardial oxidative stress in experimental rats.
abstract: Nerium oleander Linn (NOL) an evergreen shrub belonging to the Apocynaceae family has been reported to have a wide spectrum of bioactivities. In in vitro study, the free radical scavenging potential of the hydroethanolic extract of N oleander Linn (ENO) flower and its fractions (glycosidic and nonglycosidic) were studied using 2, 2(')-azino-di [3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS(*+) ) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) scavenging assay. ENO exhibited better radical scavenging activities than its fractions. Furthermore, the cardioprotective role of ENO (10, 30, 100 mg/kg, per oral [po]) was tested against isoproterenol-induced myocardial toxicity (ISO, 120 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously [sc], for 2 days at 48 hours interval) in experimental rats when compared to propranolol (5 mg/kg, po) which was the standard. Pretreatment with ENO (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and propranolol for 2 weeks followed by ISO challenge in rats prevented the elevation of marker enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK-MB and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma. In addition, pretreatment with ENO and propranolol significantly attenuated the lipid peroxidation by maintaining the levels of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione and nitrite), which was also confirmed histologically. Taken together, the current study indicates that the hydroalcoholic extract of N oleander Linn flowers aid in cardioprotection probably by improving the antioxidant defense system during experimental myocardial necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Veeraraghavan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gayathri
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ananthi
authors.forename: Chandranayagam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chandronitha
authors.forename: Ganapathy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakshmisundaram
authors.forename: Raman Lakshmi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Hannah R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Vasanthi
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009336:Necrosis; D030007:Nerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007545:Isoproterenol