title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in total hip replacement.
abstract: We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss and transfusion in total hip replacement (THR). The data were evaluated using the generic evaluation tool designed by the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group. We identified 11 clinical trials which were suitable for detailed extraction of data. There were no trials that used TXA in revision THR. A total of seven studies (comprising 350 patients) were eligible for the blood loss outcome data. The use of TXA reduced intra-operative blood loss by a mean of 104 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) -164 to -44, p = 0.0006, heterogeneity I(2) 0%), postoperative blood loss by a mean of 172 ml (95% CI -263 to -81, p = 0.0002, heterogeneity I(2) 63%) and total blood loss by a mean of 289 ml (95% CI -440 to -138, p < 0.0002, heterogeneity I(2) 54%). TXA led to a significant reduction in the proportion of patients requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (risk difference -0.20, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.11, p < 0.00001, I(2) 15%). There were no significant differences in deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection rates or other complications among the study groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK. msukeik@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sukeik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alshryda
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid