title: Aerosol delivery of small hairpin osteopontin blocks pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastasis to the lung may be the final step in the breast cancer-related morbidity. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and surgery are somewhat successful, however, metastasis-related breast cancer morbidity remains high. Thus, a novel approach to prevent breast tumor metastasis is needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aerosol of lentivirus-based small hairpin osteopontin was delivered into mice with breast cancer twice a week for 1 or 2 months using a nose-only inhalation system. The effects of small hairpin osteopontin on breast cancer metastasis to the lung were evaluated using near infrared imaging as well as diverse molecular techniques. Aerosol-delivered small hairpin osteopontin significantly decreased the expression level of osteopontin and altered the expression of several important metastasis-related proteins in our murine breast cancer model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerosol-delivered small hairpin osteopontin blocked breast cancer metastasis. Our results showed that noninvasive targeting of pulmonary osteopontin or other specific genes responsible for cancer metastasis could be used as an effective therapeutic regimen for the treatment of metastatic epithelial tumors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong-Nam
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minai-Tehrani
authors.forename: Seung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Soon-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Seong-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hu-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Bitna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Duyeol
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chan-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Kee-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Jong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Myung-Haing
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D053495:Osteopontin