title: [Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter: report of two cases and review of literature].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of two cases of synchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. In case 1, a 68-year-old man with hematuria for a month, imaging modalities revealed a right renal pelvis tumor and a right distal ureter tumor. The patient underwent nephroureterectomy and excision of the bladder cuff. Case 2, a 60-year-old man with the complaint of lower abdominal pain and left flank pain for a month, was diagnosed as left distal ureteral stone in another hospital. Ureterolithotomy was performed and a ureteral tumor was found at the lower site of the stone intraoperatively. The pathological report demonstrated SCC, and the patient was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. We found a left renal mass invading the left hemicolon during surgery, and nephroureterectomy was performed with a bladder cuff excision, left hemicolon resection, and also complete lymph node dissection. Neither of patients received adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderately differentiated SCC was reported in both of renal pelvis and ureter in case 1 and the tumor invaded the subepithelial connective tissue in the renal pelvis and superficial muscle in the ureter. In case 2, moderately differentiated SCC of the left renal pelvis with colon metastasis and poorly differentiated SCC of the ureter was reported with two retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. The two patients died from tumor recurrence and metastasis 5 and 6 months after the surgery, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter are rare and has high likeliness of early recurrence and metastasis, often with poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. chenzhuangfei@126.com
authors.forename: Zhuang-fei
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shao-bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yao-dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shan-chao
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiang-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Ze-rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zheng-fei
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology