title: Dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia) is resistant to three-factor (elevated CO2, temperature and UV-B-radiation) climate change.
abstract: Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 ), temperature (T) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation may affect plant growth and secondary chemistry in different directions, but the effect of the combination of the three factors has seldom been tested. Here, we grew four dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia) clones under combinations of ambient or elevated CO2, T and UV-B radiation in top-closed chambers for 7 wk. Elevated UV-B had no effects on growth or phenolic compounds, and there were no significant interactions between UV-B, CO2 and T. CO2 alone increased most growth parameters, but the magnitude of the effect varied among the clones. Total phenolics increased at elevated CO2 , whereas they decreased at elevated T. The responses varied between the clones. The results imply that dark-leaved willow are fairly resistant to the applied three-factor climate change, probably because of high constitutive defense. However, the interactions between clone and climate change factors implies that some clones are more susceptible than the species as a whole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paajanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Julkunen-Tiitto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nybakken
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrelius
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tegelberg
authors.affiliation: Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Joensuu Game and Fisheries Research, Yliopistonkatu 6, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pusenius
authors.affiliation: Vantaa Research Unit, The Finnish Forest Research Institute, PO Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rousi
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kellomäki
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057231:Climate Change; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D032108:Salix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D020156:Salicylic Acid