title: Whole body, long-axis rotational training improves lower extremity neuromuscular control during single leg lateral drop landing and stabilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor neuromuscular control during sports activities is associated with non-contact lower extremity injuries. This study evaluated the efficacy of progressive resistance, whole body, long-axis rotational training to improve lower extremity neuromuscular control during a single leg lateral drop landing and stabilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either Training or Control groups. Electromyographic, ground reaction force, and kinematic data were collected from three pre-test, post-test trials. Independent sample t-tests with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons were used to compare group mean change differences (P≤0.05/21≤0.0023).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training group gluteus maximus and gluteus medius neuromuscular efficiency improved 35.7% and 31.7%, respectively. Training group composite vertical-anteroposterior-mediolateral ground reaction force stabilization timing occurred 1.35s earlier. Training group knee flexion angle at landing increased by 3.5°. Training group time period between the initial two peak frontal plane knee displacements following landing increased by 0.17s. Training group peak hip and knee flexion velocity were 21.2°/s and 20.1°/s slower, respectively. Time period between the initial two peak frontal plane knee displacements following landing and peak hip flexion velocity mean change differences displayed a strong relationship in the Training group (r(2)=0.77, P=0.0001) suggesting improved dynamic frontal plane knee control as peak hip flexion velocity decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified electromyographic, kinematic, and ground reaction force evidence that device training improved lower extremity neuromuscular control during single leg lateral drop landing and stabilization. Further studies with other populations are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, 210 East Gray St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA. john.nyland@louisville.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: David N M
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Caborn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012399:Rotation; D013997:Time Factors