title: The manifold actions of endocannabinoids on female and male reproductive events.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have highlighted the ever growing use of illegal drugs among teenagers. The negative effects of marijuana (a Cannabis sativa extract) on reproductive health are poorly known among young people, although chronic exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive constituent of marijuana, impairs human reproductive potential by disrupting menstrual cycle, suppressing oogenesis and impairing embryo implantation and development, in women, and by increasing ejaculation problems, reducing sperm count and motility, and generating loss of libido and impotence, in men. Endocannabinoids, their metabolic enzymes and target receptors form the so called "endocannabinoid system" and they have been demonstrated to respond to fertility signals. In addition, they interfere with hormones, cytokines and other signalling molecules in both female and male reproductive events. In this review, we shall summarize the current knowledge on the endocannabinoid system, and on the multifaceted roles played by endocannabinoids in reproduction along the evolutionary axis from invertebrates to mammals. Furthermore, we shall discuss the potential use of distinct elements of the endocannabinoid system for the diagnosis and/or treatment of human infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Battista
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pirazzi
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccarrone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000188:drug therapy; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000187:drug effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; C078814:anandamide