title: Quantitative determination of fluorochemicals in municipal landfill leachates.
abstract: Twenty-four fluorochemicals were quantified in landfill leachates recovered from municipal refuse using an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction, dispersive-carbon sorbent cleanup, and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The method was applied to six landfill leachates from four locations in the US as well as to a leachate generated by a laboratory bioreactor containing residential refuse. All seven leachates had the common characteristic that short-chain (C(4)-C(7)) carboxylates or sulfonates were greater in abundance than their respective longer-chain homologs (≥ C(8)). Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates were the most abundant (67 ± 4% on a nanomolar (nM) basis) fluorochemicals measured in leachates; concentrations of individual carboxylates reaching levels up to 2800 ng L(-1). Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates were the next most abundant class (22 ± 2%) on a nM basis; their abundances in each of the seven leachates derived from municipal refuse were greater for the shorter-chain homologs (C(4) and C(6)) compared to longer-chain homologs (C(8) and C(10)). Perfluorobutane sulfonate concentrations were as high as 2300 ng L(-1). Sulfonamide derivatives composed 8 ± 2.1% (nM basis) of the fluorochemicals in landfill leachates with methyl (C(4) and C(8)) and ethyl (C(8)) sulfonamide acetic acids being the most abundant. Fluorotelomer sulfonates (6:2 and 8:2) composed 2.4 ± 1.3% (nM basis) of the fluorochemicals detected and were present in all leachates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
authors.forename: Carin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Huset
authors.forename: Morton A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barlaz
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Barofsky
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C108042:perfluorobutane