title: Prevalence of periimplant disease in partially edentulous patients: a practice-based cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the prevalence rates of periimplant mucositis and periimplantitis in partially edentulous patients in a private dental practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 89 patients were collected (52 female, 37 male, age at time of implant placement: 51.8 ± 10.3 years). All patients had been treated with dental implants of the same type and fixed superstructures between January 1999 and June 2006 (observational period: 68.2 ± 24.8 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient-related prevalence rate of periimplant mucositis (probing depth ≥ 4 mm and bleeding on probing [BOP]) was over all 44.9%. The respective rates in non-smokers without periodontal history were 30.4% and in smokers with periodontal history 80%. The multiple logistic regression analysis identified a significant association of mucositis with the independent variable "smoker" (odds ratio [OR] 3.77; P = 0.023). The patient-related prevalence rate of periimplantitis (probing depth ≥ 5 mm, BOP/pus, radiographic bone loss) was 11.2% (smokers with periodontal history: 53.3%, non-smokers: 2.8%). No periimplant disease was diagnosed in non-smoking patients without periodontal history and with a good compliance after treatment. Statistical analysis identified a significant association of periimplantitis with "smoker" (OR: 31.58; P<0.001) and "compliance" (OR: 0.09; P = 0.011). Periodontal history in general showed no significant association with periimplantitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking and compliance are important risk factors for periimplant inflammations in partially edentulous patients.
authors.affiliation: Dental Practice, Hanau and Alzenau, Germany. rinke@ihr-laecheln.com
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinke
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohl
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziebolz
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eickholz
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000209:etiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology; D011331:Private Practice; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants