title: Prevalence of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in humans and animals in France and substances involved.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anticoagulant rodenticides have been used for over 50 years to control rodent populations. Since their first introduction, resistance developed in rodents, and second-generation products, more active but also more toxic, have been marketed. These compounds are currently being reviewed under European Regulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this work is to describe anticoagulant poisoning based on retrospective data from French human and animal poison control centers. Cases from 2004 to 2007 were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the proportion of anticoagulant exposure reported to the Lyon poison control center appeared very limited and mostly occurred in young children, with no or very limited clinical severity. Some cases also occurred after intentional use of anticoagulants in adults. Circumstances of exposure are predominantly accidental in man (77%). In animals, both domestic and wild species, anticoagulant exposure seems more common, and often more accompanied by clinical signs. Among domestic species, dogs represent over 60% of the cases: in wildlife hares and rabbits account for almost 50% of the submitted cases, followed by predators and scavengers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rodenticides involved are representative of the market share of anticoagulants, for human and domestic animal exposures. In wildlife, bromadiolone and chlorophacinone are by far the most important products, being the only ones registered for field use. There is no report of mortality in the human data, and less than 1% of all exposure cases in domestic animals were fatal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Vetagro Sup-Campus vétérinaire. p.berny@vetagro-sup.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berny
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velardo
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulce
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'amico
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lasseur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000506:poisoning*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D011039:Poison Control Centers; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D012378:Rodenticides