title: Growth to age 18 months following prenatal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid differs by maternal gravidity in Mexico.
abstract: Little is known about the long-term effects of DHA intake during pregnancy. Offspring of primagravid Mexican women who received 400 mg/d DHA from wk 20 of gestation through delivery were heavier and had larger head circumferences at birth than children whose mothers received placebo; no effect was observed in offspring of multigravidae. We have followed these children (n = 739; 76% of the birth cohort), measuring length, weight, and head circumference at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 mo. At 18 mo, intent-to-treat differences between placebo and DHA, adjusted for maternal height and child sex and age at measurement, were: length, -0.21 cm (95% CI = -0.58, 0.15); weight, -0.03 kg (95% CI =-0.19, 0.13); and head circumference, 0.02 cm (95% CI = -0.18, 0.21) (all P > 0.05). There was heterogeneity of associations by maternal gravidity for weight (P < 0.08), length (P < 0.02), and head circumference (P < 0.05). Among offspring of primagravid women, length at 18 mo was increased by 0.72 cm (95% CI = 0.11, 1.33) following DHA supplementation, representing 0.26 length-for-age Z-score units; among offspring of multigravidae, the estimate was -0.13 cm (95% CI = -0.59, 0.32) (P > 0.5). Maternal DHA supplementation during the second half of gestation may enhance growth through 18 mo of children born to primagravid women.
authors.affiliation: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Aryeh D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Reynaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.forename: Lynnette M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flores-Ayala
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids