title: Sphenoorbital meningioma: surgical technique and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the surgical technique used for removal of sphenoorbital meningiomas in the authors' practice and to review the operative outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the senior author's practice between 1994 and 2009 revealed 39 patients (mean age 48 years) eligible for this study. Clinical presentation, surgical technique, postoperative outcome, and follow-up data are presented. Surgical technique is detailed, with an emphasis on aggressive removal consisting of drilling of the hypertrophied sphenoid bone, orbital wall, and anterior clinoid process, followed by tumor removal and a wide resection of the involved dura. A simple dural closure without reconstruction of the orbital roof or the lateral wall of the orbit is also described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross-total resection was achieved in 15 cases (38.5%), near-total resection with small residual in the cavernous sinus or periorbita in 20 cases (51.3%), and subtotal resection in 4 cases (10.3%). Postoperative complications included trigeminal hypesthesia in 9 patients [corrected], oculomotor palsy in 3 patients [corrected], and seizure in 2 patients. Seven patients had recurrence within the mean follow-up period of 40.7 months [corrected]. Preoperative visual deficits were present in 21 patients (53.8%). Of these, 14 (66.7%) experienced visual recovery to normal levels postoperatively.Statistical analyses revealed preoperative severe visual deficit and sphenoid bone hypertrophy as an independent risk factor and an independent favorable factor, respectively, for a favorable visual outcome. Proptosis was resolved (≤ 2 mm) in 73.5% of the authors' patients. No patient had postoperative enophthalmos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the authors' practice, surgery for sphenoorbital meningiomas consists of resection of the orbital/sphenoid intraosseous, intraorbital, and intradural tumor components. The authors believe that aggressive removal of the orbital/sphenoid intraosseous tumor is critical for a favorable visual outcome and tumor control. Furthermore, satisfactory cosmetic results can be achieved with simple reconstruction techniques as described.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sade
authors.forename: Joung H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020433:Trigeminal Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology