title: In vivo safety of trypan blue use in vitreoretinal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate "in vivo" safety of trypan blue (TB) in patients undergoing TB-assisted internal limiting membrane or epiretinal membrane peeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study including 21 patients (21 eyes) with full-thickness macular hole and/or epiretinal membrane undergoing TB-assisted internal limiting membrane/epiretinal membrane peeling. Main outcome measures included distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, amplitude of P50 and N95 of the pattern electroretinogram, and fundus autofluorescence; these were assessed preoperatively, at 6 months (n = 21) and 12 months (n = 10) postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant improvement in distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, P50, and N95 amplitude at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution distance visual acuity and near visual acuity improved from baseline by 0.31 (SD 0.37) and 0.17 (SD 0.31) at 6 months, respectively, and by 0.4 (SD 0.25) and 0.35 (SD 0.28) at 12 months, respectively. The mean P50 and N95 component amplitudes improved by 28% compared with baseline at 6 months (P50 0.4 [SD 0.8]; N95 0.53 [SD 1.07]) and by 63% at 12 months (P50 0.9 [0.85]; N95 1.04 [1.34]). Autofluorescence did not demonstrate damage to the retinal pigment epithelium attributable to TB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No deleterious effects of TB were observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Grampian University Hospitals-NHS Trust Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ehab A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abdelkader
authors.forename: Vikki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: McBain
authors.forename: Mrinal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Neil W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rehman Siddiqui
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lois
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D057586:Vitreoretinal Surgery
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014343:Trypan Blue