title: The impact of different housing systems on egg safety and quality.
abstract: A move from conventional cages to either an enriched cage or a noncage system may affect the safety or quality, or both, of the eggs laid by hens raised in this new environment. The safety of the eggs may be altered either microbiologically through contamination of internal contents with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) or other pathogens, or both, or chemically due to contamination of internal contents with dioxins, pesticides, or heavy metals. Quality may be affected through changes in the integrity of the shell, yolk, or albumen along with changes in function, composition, or nutrition. Season, hen breed, flock age, and flock disease-vaccination status also interact to affect egg safety and quality and must be taken into account. An understanding of these different effects is prudent before any large-scale move to an alternative housing system is undertaken.
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, USA. Pete.Holt@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dewulf
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Huwe
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waltman
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Willian
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000382:microbiology; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D012941:Social Responsibility