title: Children from Baffin Island have a disproportionate burden of tuberculosis in Canada: data from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (1998-2008).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) provides services to children in Baffin Island, through the Baffin Island Pediatric Health Initiative. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in that region. The objective of our study was to describe the origin and clinical characteristics of patients with TB disease at CHEO, since the inception of the Baffin Island Pediatric Health Initiative.
  
  
  METHODS
  All charts with a discharge diagnosis of TB disease during the first 10 years of the Baffin Island program were reviewed. Patients meeting a pre-determined case definition were included in analyses. A standard medical record abstraction form was used for patient data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients met our case definition. Seven (35%) were Canadian-born children from Baffin Island. Seven resided in Ontario, 4 in Quebec, and 2 were visiting from other countries. All 7 children residing in Ontario were born in African countries. Endothoracic disease occurred in 16 patients (80%), including 9 with primary pulmonary TB, and 3 with sputum smear positive "adult-type" disease. Extrathoracic disease was present in 6 children (30%), including 3 with CNS disease. Three children had disease in 2 separate sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While Baffin Island makes up 1% of the hospital catchment population, they contributed 35% of TB patients, and the only TB death. While TB in foreign-born children is due in part to epidemics abroad, the problem in Baffin Island is a reflection of disease burden and transmission within Canada.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada. mclar018@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D020957:Nunavut / Q000453:epidemiology; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000382:microbiology; D020306:Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System / Q000208:ethnology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000208:ethnology