title: Validation of the Spanish version of the Kansas city cardiomyopathy questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is specifically designed to evaluate quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the Spanish version of the KCCQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  The multicenter study involved 315 patients with CHF. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 24 and 26. The KCCQ, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were administered. Reliability was assessed in stable patients (n=163) by examining test-retest and internal consistency measures between weeks 24 and 26. Validity was evaluated at baseline (n=315) by determining how KCCQ scores varied with New York Heart Association functional class and by comparing scores with those on similar domains of the MLHFQ and SF-36. Responsiveness to change was assessed in patients who experienced significant clinical improvement between baseline and week 24 (n=31) by determining the effect size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability coefficients ranged between 0.70 and 0.96 for the different domains. Mean KCCQ scores varied significantly with New York Heart Association functional class (P<.001). Correlations with comparable domains on the other questionnaires were acceptable (e.g. for physical limitation, they were between 0.77 and 0.81). The changes observed at 24 weeks in the majority of KCCQ scores in the subsample that improved corresponded to a moderate effect size (i.e. 0.4-0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the KCCQ has good metric properties (i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness), which make it suitable for use in evaluating quality of life in Spanish CHF patients.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital del Mar (Parc de Salut Mar), Barcelona, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comín-Colet
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garin
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lupón
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manito
authors.forename: Marisa G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Crespo-Leiro
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Bueno
authors.forename: Montse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Remei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artigas
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elosua
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires