title: Manganese encephalopathy: an under-recognized condition in the intensive care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Manganese encephalopathy is a potential complication of parenteral nutrition. Lack of early recognition leads to unnecessary testing and to continued exposure to manganese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the clinical and imaging findings of a patient with manganese encephalopathy in whom the diagnosis was delayed due to lack of recognition of the characteristic imaging findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manganese encephalopathy has protean clinical and imaging findings that can easily be overlooked.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Department, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. chalela@musc.edu
authors.forename: Julio A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chalela
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonillha
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neyens
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese