title: Pressure-volume relationships in patients with transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis secondary to V122I mutations and wild-type transthyretin: Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloid Study (TRACS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ATTR cardiac amyloidosis can result from a mutated variant of transthyretin (eg, V122I) or wild-type variant (ATTRwt). We evaluated pressure-volume (PV) indices at baseline and over time to further characterize abnormal pump function in these subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine subjects (18 with ATTRwt and 11 with ATTRm (V122I) had 2-dimensional echocardiograms with complete Doppler measures at baseline and every 6 months for up to 2 years. PV indices were derived from echocardiographic measures of ventricular volume coupled with sphygmomanometer-measured pressure and Doppler estimates of filling pressure. The end-systolic and end-diastolic PV relations and the area between them as a function of end-diastolic pressure, the isovolumic PV area (PVA(iso)), were calculated. Clinical, demographic, and PV indices were compared between V122I and ATTRwt subjects and between survivors and nonsurvivors at baseline and over time. Cox proportional hazards model identified correlates for mortality. Stroke volume decline was associated with alterations in ventricular-vascular coupling and a decrease in ventricular capacitance with significant decrement in ejection fraction (56±12% to 48±14%, P=0.0001) over 18 months. PVA(iso) was lower in V122I subjects compared with wild-type at baseline and declined over time. Twelve (41%) subjects died or underwent a cardiac transplant after a mean follow-up of 478 days (range, 31 to 807). Multivariable survival analysis demonstrated that initial ejection fraction (a measure of ventricular-vascular coupling) <50% was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 40.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ATTR cardiac amyloidosis secondary to a V122I mutation and wild-type transthyretin, PV analysis reveals alterations that are associated with reductions in the ability of the ventricle to perform work and, ultimately, with reduced survival in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Cardiovascular Research Laboratory for the Elderly, Columbia University, New York, NY 10034, USA.
authors.forename: Taslima
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helmke
authors.forename: Ayan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ruberg
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Packman
authors.forename: Kin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: Mathew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D001706:Biopsy; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000235:genetics; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011228:Prealbumin