title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is inconsistent in several previous studies. Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of PPARD +294T > C (rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 609 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 573 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the PPARD +294T > C polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < 0.001 for all). The frequency of T and C alleles was 77.50% and 22.50% in Bai Ku Yao, and 72.43% and 27.57% in Han (P < 0.01); respectively. The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes was 60.59%, 33.83% and 5.53% in Bai Ku Yao, and 52.18%, 40.50% and 7.32% in Han (P < 0.05); respectively. The subjects with CC genotype in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C and ApoB levels and lower the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB than the subjects with TT and TC genotypes in females but not in males. The C allele carriers in Han had higher serum TC levels in males (P < 0.01) and ApoB levels in females (P < 0.05) than the C allele noncarriers. Serum TC and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in Han (P < 0.05 for each) but not in Bai Ku Yao. Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in both ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the association of PPARD +294T > C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. The discrepancy between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different PPARD +294T > C polymorphism or PPARD gene-environmental interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Rui-Xing
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Dong-Feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xi-Jiang
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Lynn Htet Htet
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: De-Zhai
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Xiong
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry; D012907:Smoking; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D047494:PPAR delta; D014280:Triglycerides