title: Targeting and anchoring Tudor in the pole plasm of the Drosophila oocyte.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Germline formation is a highly regulated process in all organisms. In Drosophila embryos germ cells are specified by the pole plasm, a specialized cytoplasmic region containing polar granules. Components of these granules are also present in the perinuclear ring surrounding nurse cells, the nuage. Two such molecules are the Vasa and Tudor proteins. How Tudor localizes and is maintained in the pole plasm is, however, not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, the process of Tudor localization in nuage and pole plasm was analyzed. The initial positioning of Tudor at the posterior pole of stage 9 oocytes was found to occur in the absence of a structurally detectable nuage. However, in mutants for genes encoding components of the nuage, including vasa, aubergine, maelstrom, and krimper, Tudor was detached from the posterior cortex in stage 10 oocytes, suggesting a prior passage in the nuage for its stability in the pole plasm. Further studies indicated that Valois, which was previously shown to bind in vitro to Tudor, mediates the localization of Tudor in the pole plasm by physically interacting with Oskar, the polar granule organizer. An association between Tudor and Vasa mediated by RNA was also detected in ovarian extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data challenge the view that the assembly of the polar granules occurs in a stepwise and hierarchical manner and, consequently, a revised model of polar granule assembly is proposed. In this model Oskar recruits two downstream components of the polar granules, Vasa and Tudor, independently from each other: Vasa directly interacts with Oskar while Valois mediates the recruitment of Tudor by interacting with Oskar and Tudor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Genetics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany. joel.anne@izb.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anne
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009866:Oogenesis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C000602673:Krimp protein, Drosophila; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C091675:osk protein, Drosophila; C071597:tud protein, Drosophila; C497416:vls protein, Drosophila; C088269:vas protein, Drosophila; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases