title: PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human herpesviruses are frequently associated with orofacial diseases in humans (HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8), some can also cause systemic disease (CMV and HHV-8). The transmission of these viruses occurs by contact with infected secretions, especially saliva. Human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with an increased risk of HHVs and related diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This work aimed to detect HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8 DNA in saliva of HIV-infected patients from Teresina, northeast Brazil, by PCR and compare these findings with age and sex matched HIV-seronegative individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in prevalence was verified between HHV detection in the saliva of HIV-seropositive individuals and controls. The individual frequencies of these viruses in these two populations were different. HIV seropositivity correlated positively with the presence of CMV (OR: 18.2, p= 0.00032) and EBV (OR: 3.44, p= 0.0081). No association between CD4 counts and the prevalence of HHVs in the saliva was observed; however, a strong association was determined between seropositivity and the presence of multiple HHV DNAs in saliva (OR: 4.83, p = 0.0028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the asymptomatic salivary shedding of HHVs is a common event between HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, and, especially for HIV-seropositive patients, saliva is a risk factor for the acquisition/transmission of multiple HHVs.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Microbiology Department, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Silene Sousa
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Ellida de Aguiar
authors.initials: Ede A
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: Samira da Silva
authors.initials: Sda S
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: Henrique Igor Gomes
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: Rodrigo Alves de Souza
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.forename: Maria José dos Santos
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique Nery
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Luiz Cosme Cotta
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Malaquias
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe Leomil
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral