title: [Validation of an improved Demons deformable registration algorithm and its application in re-contouring in 4D-CT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the efficiency and accuracy of an improved Demons deformable registration algorithm and evaluate its application in contour recontouring in 4D-CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  To increase the additional Demons force and reallocate the bilateral forces to accelerate convergent speed, we propose a novel energy function as the similarity measure, and utilize a BFGS method for optimization to avoid specifying the numbers of iteration. Mathematical transformed deformable CT images and home-made deformable phantom were used to validate the accuracy of the improved algorithm, and its effectiveness for contour recontouring was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improved algorithm showed a relatively high registration accuracy and speed when compared with the classic Demons algorithm and optical flow based method. Visual inspection of the positions and shapes of the deformed contours agreed well with the physician-drawn contours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deformable registration is a key technique in 4D-CT, and this improved Demons algorithm for contour recontouring can significantly reduce the workload of the physicians. The registration accuracy of this method proves to be sufficient for clinical needs.
authors.affiliation: Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. zhenjimmy@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Ling-hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wen-ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shu-xu
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography