title: A prospective, randomised EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the oncologic outcome of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low-stage renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) can safely be performed with slightly higher complication rates than radical nephrectomy (RN), but proof of oncologic effectiveness is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare overall survival (OS) and time to progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1992 to January 2003, when the study was prematurely closed because of poor accrual, 541 patients with small (≤5 cm), solitary, T1-T2 N0 M0 (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer [UICC] 1978) tumours suspicious for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a normal contralateral kidney were randomised to NSS or RN in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group (EORTC-GU) noninferiority phase 3 trial 30904.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomised to NSS (n=268) or RN (n=273) together with limited lymph node dissection (LND).
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to event end points was compared with log-rank test results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Median follow-up was 9.3 yr. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed 10-yr OS rates of 81.1% for RN and 75.7% for NSS. With a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.16), the test for noninferiority is not significant (p=0.77), and test for superiority is significant (p=0.03). In RCC patients and clinically and pathologically eligible patients, the difference is less pronounced (HR=1.43 and HR=1.34, respectively), and the superiority test is no longer significant (p=0.07 and p=0.17, respectively). Only 12 of 117 deaths were the result of renal cancer (four RN and eight NSS). Twenty-one patients progressed (9 after RN and 12 after NSS). Quality of life and renal function outcomes have not been addressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both methods provide excellent oncologic results. In the ITT population, NSS seems to be significantly less effective than RN in terms of OS. However, in the targeted population of RCC patients, the trend in favour of RN is no longer significant. The small number of progressions and deaths from renal cancer cannot explain any possible OS differences between treatment types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Hendrik.VanPoppel@uz.leuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Poppel
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Da Pozzo
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Vsevolod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matveev
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borkowski
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombel
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Eila
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marreaud
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collette
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sylvester
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009399:Nephrons / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult