title: Anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia paniculata bark extract against acute and chronic inflammation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Terminalia paniculata Roxb. (Family-Combretaceae) is a wild tree commonly used in traditional ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammation of parotid glands and in menstrual disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the folk use of Terminalia paniculata on pharmacological grounds to evaluate the scientific basis of anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia paniculata was studied against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema, air pouch inflammation and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. The aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (TPW) was administered at the concentrations of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPW showed significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the edema volume in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Further, TPW (400mg/kg) also reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration (50.92 ± 5.71%) and myeloperoxidase activity (49.31 ± 5.24%) in air pouch exudates. TPW (200mg/kg) exhibits anti-rheumatic and analgesic activities by improving the altered haematological milieu (ESR, CRP, RF, WBC, RBC and Hb) and also by inhibiting the flexion scores and radiographic changes in CFA-induced arthritis. This extract also had significant (p<0.05) effects on the occurrence of secondary lesions compared to CFA control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Terminalia paniculata bark may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of chronic inflammation and arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Sahil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talwar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nandakumar
authors.forename: Pawan G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Punit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Jayesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mudgal
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: Chamallamudi Mallikarjuna
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lobo
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029766:Terminalia
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002351:Carrageenan; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D009195:Peroxidase