title: Immunostimulating activity by polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus (PFIO). Additionally, the signaling pathway of PFIO-mediated macrophage activation was investigated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We found that PFIO was capable of promoting NO/ROS production, TNF-α secretion and phagocytic uptake in macrophages, as well as cell proliferation, comitogenic effect and IFN-γ/IL-4 secretion in mouse splenocytes. PFIO was able to induce the phosphorylation of three MAPKs as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in activation of RAW264.7 macrophages. PFIO also induced the inhibition of TNF-α secretion by anti-TLR2 mAb, consequently, PFIO might be involved in TNF-α secretion via the TLR2 receptor. In addition, our results showed that oral administration of PFIO suppressed in vivo growth of melanoma tumor in tumorbearing mice. In conclusion, our experiments presented that PFIO effectively promotes macrophage activation through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PFIO may potentially regulate the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Pil
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Jong Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Duck Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Keun Eok
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Cheol
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Eock Kee
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry*; D007114:Immunization; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D008934:Mitogens; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases