title: Acute and chronic effects of smoking on arterial stiffness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) are used to evaluate arterial distensibility. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the acute and chronic effects of smoking on arterial stiffness as measured by baPWV and CAVI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten male smokers were studied to evaluate the acute effect of smoking on arterial stiffness. To elucidate the chronic effect of smoking on arterial stiffness, 160 male active smokers were analyzed. CAVI and baPWV were calculated by measuring the pulse volume record, blood pressure (BP), and vascular length from heart to ankle. CAVI and baPWV were measured using a VaSera VS-1000. In the acute study, baPWV and CAVI increased immediately after smoking 1 cigarette. In the chronic study, baPWV and CAVI significantly correlated with mean BP (MBP) and the Brinkman index. In multiple regression analysis, baPWV independently correlated with MBP, and CAVI independently correlated with the Brinkman index, but not with MBP. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves of baPWV and CAVI to predict Brinkman index ≥500 demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve of CAVI was higher than that of baPWV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking causes a significant increase in arterial stiffness as measured by baPWV and CAVI. CAVI correlated with the Brinkman index, which suggests that CAVI is a useful index of the degree of arterial stiffness caused by smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubozono
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Kiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kubozono
authors.forename: Chuwa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D004548:Elasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016909:Tibial Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology