title: Staphylococcal surface display in combinatorial protein engineering and epitope mapping of antibodies.
abstract: The field of combinatorial protein engineering for generation of new affinity proteins started in the mid 80s by the development of phage display. Although phage display is a prime example of a simple yet highly efficient method, manifested by still being the standard technique 25 years later, new alternative technologies are available today. One of the more successful new display technologies is cell display. Here we review the field of cell display for directed evolution purposes, with focus on a recently developed method employing Gram-positive staphylococci as display host. Patents on the most commonly used cell display systems and on different modifications as well as specific applications of these systems are also included. General strategies for selection of new affinity proteins from cell-displayed libraries are discussed, with detailed examples mainly from studies on the staphylococcal display system. In addition, strategies for characterization of recombinant proteins on the staphylococcal cell surface, with an emphasis on an approach for epitope mapping of antibodies, are included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kronqvist
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rockberg
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hjelm
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhlén
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ståhl
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löfblom
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D018604:Epitope Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D010330:Patents as Topic; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins