title: Measuring stigma in people with lung cancer: psychometric testing of the cataldo lung cancer stigma scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to develop an instrument to measure the stigma perceived by people with lung cancer based on the HIV Stigma Scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  psychometric analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  online survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  186 patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  an exploratory factor analysis with a common factor model using alpha factor extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  lung cancer stigma, depression, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  four factors emerged: stigma and shame, social isolation, discrimination, and smoking. Inspection of unrotated first-factor loadings showed support for a general stigma factor. Construct validity was supported by relationships with related constructs: self-esteem, depression, social support, and social conflict. Coefficient alphas ranging from 0.75-0.97 for the subscales (0.96 for stigma and shame, 0.97 for social isolation, 0.9 for discrimination, and 0.75 for smoking) and 0.98 for the 43-item Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale (CLCSS) provided evidence of reliability. The final version of the CLCSS was 31 items. Coefficient alpha was recalculated for the total stigma scale (0.96) and the four subscales (0.97 for stigma and shame, 0.96 for social isolation, 0.92 for discrimination, and 0.75 for smoking).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the CLCSS is a reliable and valid measure of health-related stigma in this sample of people with lung cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the CLCSS can be used to identify the presence and impact of lung cancer stigma and allow for the development of effective stigma interventions for patients with lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing-Gerontology, University of California, San Francisco, USA. janine.cataldo@nursing.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Janine K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cataldo
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slaughter
authors.forename: Thierry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.forename: Voranan L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Pongquan
authors.forename: Won Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013240:Stereotyping; D055815:Young Adult