title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of the dimeric pyrrolobenzodiazepine SJG-136 in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dimeric pyrrolobenzodiazepine SJG-136 (NSC 694501, SG2000) has potent in vitro antiproliferative activity and in vivo antitumor activity associated with binding in the minor groove of DNA and formation of covalent interstrand DNA cross-links. The pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of SJG-136 and as well as the feasibility of using the Comet assay to measure in vivo interstrand DNA cross-links, was assessed in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  SJG-136 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were characterized in rats following single-dose administration of 15 and 50 μg/kg or multiple-dose administration of 25 μg/kg/day for 5 days. DNA damage was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the Comet assay. SJG-136 oxidative metabolism was characterized in rat liver microsomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SJG-136 half-life, clearance and volume of distribution values were 9 min, 190 ml/min/m(2), and 1780 ml/m(2), respectively. SJG-136 did not accumulate in plasma during treatment with 25 μg/kg/day for 5 days. Treatment with SJG-136 produced the anticipated DNA interstrand cross-links, as well as DNA strand breaks, in rat PBMCs. Oxidative metabolism of SJG-136 in rat liver microsomes was catalyzed by CYP3A isoforms and produced a previously unreported monomeric metabolite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma concentrations of SJG-136 associated with pharmacological activity and in vitro antiproliferative activity were achieved with doses that were tolerated by rats. CYP3A isoforms are the predominant P450s catalyzing SJG-136 metabolism. The comet assay detects DNA damage in PBMCs from rats treated with SJG-136 and is being used in clinical trials to monitor in vivo lesions produced by SJG-136.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Buhrow
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kuffel
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Spanswick
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Thurston
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ames
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001570:Benzodiazepinones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D006207:Half-Life; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: C423343:1,1'-((propane-1,3-diyl)dioxy)bis(7-methoxy-2-methylidene-1,2,3,10,11,11a-hexahydro-5H-pyrrolo(2,1-c)(1,4)benzodiazepin-5,11-dione); D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001570:Benzodiazepinones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011758:Pyrroles; D004247:DNA