title: Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry for studying protein structure and dynamics.
abstract: Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a key technique for monitoring structural and dynamic aspects of proteins in solution. This approach relies on the fact that exposure of a protein to D(2)O induces rapid amide H → D exchange in disordered regions that lack stable hydrogen-bonding. Tightly folded elements are much more protected from HDX, resulting in slow isotope exchange that is mediated by the structural dynamics ("breathing motions") of the protein. MS-based peptide mapping is a well established technique for measuring the mass shifts of individual protein segments. This tutorial review briefly discusses basic fundamentals of HDX/MS, before highlighting a number of recent developments and applications. Gas phase fragmentation strategies represent a promising alternative to the traditional proteolysis-based approach, but experimentalists have to be aware of scrambling phenomena that can be encountered under certain conditions. Electron-based dissociation methods provide a solution to this problem. We also discuss recent advances that facilitate the applicability of HDX/MS to membrane proteins, and to the characterization of short-lived protein folding intermediates. It is hoped that this review will provide a starting point for novices, as well as a useful reference for practitioners, who require an overview of some recent trends in HDX/MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. konerman@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Konermann
authors.forename: Jingxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yu-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D017510:Protein Folding; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D006859:Hydrogen