title: Individualized higher dose of 70-75 Gy using five-fraction robotic stereotactic radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether robotic stereotactic radiotherapy of 70-75 Gy delivered in five fractions results in an improved therapeutic ratio, compared with three fractions, in the treatment of peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which case doses of up to 85 Gy in five fractions may be feasible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2006 and May 2010, 20 patients (9 female, 11 male, aged 65 to 88) were treated using the CyberKnife® Robotic Radiosurgery System for NSCLC with doses ranging from 67 Gy to 75 Gy based on location, histopathological type, grade of histopathological differentiation, tumor diameter/volume, and normal tissue constraints, with the doses being delivered in five fractions over 5 to 8 days. Tumor diameters ranged from 1.5 cm to 3.4 cm (median: 2.5 cm). Patients with Stage I to IV NSCLC were treated, and the results and observations were analyzed for clinical characteristics and outcomes including toxicity. All patients, except one who had refused surgery, had co-morbid conditions that precluded a lobectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients were followed every three months by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Mean follow-up was 23 months (range: four to 58 months). Local control was achieved in all treated tumors. Three patients expired, and three developed new regional metastases, none of which was within the planning target volume (PTV). The remainder of the patients demonstrated no evidence of recurrence or continued growth detectable by PET/CT. There was no toxicity above Grade 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to treat peripheral NSCLC with individualized maximal tolerable doses ranging from 67 Gy to 75 Gy in five fractions chosen on the basis of location, histopathological type, grade of histopathological differentiation, tumor diameter/volume, and normal tissue constraints.
authors.affiliation: CyberKnife Center of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. brow5417@bellsouth.net
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hevezi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Monterroso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed