title: Increasing incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A and emergence of two vaccine escape recombinant ST695 strains in Liguria, Italy, 7 years after implementation of the 7-valent conjugated vaccine.
abstract: Two serotype 19A (ST695) Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine escape recombinant strains attributable to capsular switching events were detected by a laboratory surveillance system that is an integral part of a vaccination program begun in Liguria, Italy, in May 2003, an Italian administrative region with long-lasting high coverage, an unusual occurrence in Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of an occurrence of capsular switching outside the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa 16100, Italy. filippo.ansaldi@unige.it
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ansaldi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canepa
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Florentiis
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bandettini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durando
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Icardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000276:immunology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009154:Mutation; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines