title: Changes on craniofacial structures in children with growth-hormone-deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the growth of craniofacial structures in growth-hormone deficiency (GHD) children during growth-hormone therapy (GHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sample of 46 subjects (n = 14 girls, 32 boys) aged 4-18 years was obtained. They were categorized into two paired groups: the reference group, for comparing the cephalograms, consisted in 23 healthy subjects, and the study group (23 patients) with GHD under GHT. Differences between groups were assessed by independent t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The boys showed smaller measurements for all facial structures presenting significant differences in total mandibular length (Co-Pg p < 0.03), lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me p < 0.03) and total anterior facial height (N-Me p < 0.02) as well as retrognathic facial type. In girls the posterior cranial base length was shortened (S-Ba 29.14 ± 3.02 mm) and show a high mandibular plane angle (40 ± 5.50°) a wide relation anterior maxillo-mandibular (5.86 ± 1.57°) with a statistical difference (p < 0.05 and p < 0.04) compared with the reference group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest considering the cephalometric morphology at the beginning of GHT.
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Regional 6, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad. Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. risafl@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salas-Flores
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: González-Pérez
authors.forename: Ricardo Leopoldo
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Barajas-Campos
authors.forename: Betzabe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone