title: Highly reactive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies differentiate demyelinating diseases from viral encephalitis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) may be implicated in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) inducing demyelination in the animal model of MS. In adults reported anti-MOG antibody frequencies have been variable across a number of studies and can also be detected in controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure antibodies against MOG in paediatric patients with demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system and in controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum antibodies against MOG and myelin basic protein were measured by ELISA, flow cytometry (FACS) and in the liquid phase in 11 children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 22 children with MS, seven children with acute viral encephalitis and 13 healthy controls. The serostatus of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-MOG antibodies, measured either by ELISA or FACS were exclusively detected in children with demyelination. In ADEM these antibodies were highly reactive. Anti-MBP reactivity was detectable equally in all groups. The presence of either autoantibodies did not associate with EBV serostatus, age, gender or disease course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study independently corroborates recently published results of seroprevalence and specificity of the assay. Due to their low sensitivity anti-MOG antibodies will not serve as disease-specific biomarkers, but could help to support the diagnosis of ADEM in difficult cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lalive
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maurey
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikaeloff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tardieu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiendl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroeter
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kieseier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D008297:Male; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology*; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; C499048:MBP protein, human; C571326:MOG protein, human; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors