title: A video-intervention to improve clinician attitudes toward patients with sickle cell disease: the results of a randomized experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinician attitudes toward patients are associated with variability in the quality of health care. Attitudes are typically considered difficult to change, and few interventions have attempted to do so. Negative attitudes toward adults with sickle cell disease have been identified as an important barrier to the receipt of appropriate pain management for this patient population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the effect of a video-intervention designed to improve clinician attitudes toward adults with sickle cell disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 8-minute video depicting a clinician expert and patients discussing challenges in seeking treatment for sickle cell pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized post-test only control group design was used to assess the impact of the intervention on the attitudes of 276 nurses and housestaff working at a large, urban, academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Attitudes toward adult sickle cell patients assessed using 5- and 6-point Likert-scale items. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify underlying attitudinal domains and develop scales. Examples of the negative and positive attitudes assessed include clinician estimates of the percentage of SCD patients that exaggerate pain (negative) or make clinicians glad they went into medicine (positive).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, the intervention group exhibited decreased negative attitudes (Difference in means = -8.9, 95%CI [-14.2, -3.6]; Cohen's d = 0.41), decreased endorsement of certain patient behaviors as "concern-raising" (Difference in means = -7.8, 95%CI [-13.1, -2.5]; Cohen's d = 0.36), and increased positive attitudes toward sickle cell patients (Difference in means = 6.6, 95% CI [0.6, 12.6]; Cohen's d = 0.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the attitudes of clinicians toward sickle cell patients may be improved through a short and relatively easy to implement intervention. Whether the attitudinal differences associated with our intervention are sustainable or are linked to clinical outcomes remains to be seen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. chaywood@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Carlton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanzkron
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Rochelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massa
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ratanawongsa
authors.forename: Mary Catherine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000379:methods*