title: [Comparison between clinical and surgical-pathological TNM staging in patients with lung cancer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The accuracy of clinical TNM staging correlates with appropriate treatment in patients with lung cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the agreement between clinical and surgical-pathological staging in patients with lung cancer and analyze its cause in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty patients with lung cancer treated surgically from 2000 were enrolled randomly. Clinical and surgical-pathological staging of them were made respectively according to the International System for Staging Lung Cancer newly revised by UICC. Then concordance was determined between the two staging results with Kappa value, and difference in coincident rate was analyzed among subgroups of T staging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For T staging, the agreement was excellent (Kappa value=0.729), however, the coincident rate of T3 or T4 was significantly lower than that in T1 or T2 group (P < 0.01). The agreement of N staging was poor (Kappa value=0.108), followed by a disappointed conformity of TNM staging (Kappa value=0.287).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical T staging based on CT can indicate the location and size of primary tumor precisely. But the borderline may be difficult to estimate when tumor site is near chest wall or mediastinum, so some patients with clinical T4 still have chances to receive complete resection. The conformity of N staging is rather poor. The key point to improve the accuracy of clinical TNM staging should be to seek more reliable techniques for evaluating N status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Tianyou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Kejie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhicheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang