title: Hemorrhagic complications after Whipple surgery: imaging and radiologic intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the radiologic patterns, sites of bleeding, and vascular interventional techniques used in the management of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic complications occur in fewer than 10% of patients after Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy but account for as many as 38% of deaths. Bleeding typically occurs from the stump of the gastroduodenal artery, but other sites of bleeding are increasingly recognized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Great George St., Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puppala
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kessel
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed