title: PML protein analysis using imaging flow cytometry.
abstract: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) can be promptly diagnosed by detecting abnormal diffuse staining patterns of PML bodies in abnormal promyelocytes using immunofluorescence microscopy. However, this technique is subjective, with low sensitivity. Using samples from 18 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (including four with APML), the authors investigated whether imaging flow cytometry could be a viable alternative to this current technique and improve sensitivity levels. Bone marrow/peripheral blood cells were stained with an antibody to PML, and data were acquired on an ImageStream (Amnis Corporation, Seattle, Washington, USA). Using the modulation feature for data analysis, the authors demonstrated that this technique could successfully identify cases of APML. Imaging flow cytometry, by analysing greater numbers of cells and with the potential to include disease-specific antigens, increases the sensitivity of the current immunofluorescence technique. Imaging flow cytometry is an exciting technology that has many possible applications in the diagnosis of haematological malignancies, including the potential to integrate modalities.
authors.affiliation: Haemato-Oncology Diagnostics Service, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. lizz.grimwade@addenbrookes.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Lizz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grimwade
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gudgin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bloxham
authors.forename: Mike A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Wendy N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Erber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C070576:PML protein, human