title: Educational intervention to improve breast health knowledge among women in Jordan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Jordan and on average 70% of the cases present at advanced stages. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a public educational campaign conducted by the Jordan Breast Cancer Program to improve breast health knowledge among Jordanian women and to relate their knowledge to breast health practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The campaign was conducted in five governorates in Jordan with a total of 105 public group lectures about breast cancer focusing on early detection. The total number of participants was 2,554 women with a median age of 37 years (range: 15-73 years). Median number of women per lecture was 24 (range: 9-38). Before the lectures, the women answered a structured questionnaire about their knowledge and practices. After the intervention 2,418 of them filled a post-test questionnaire with the same content. Correct answers on the 15 knowledge questions yielded a maximum score of 15. Determinants of breast health practices were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean knowledge score increased significantly from 10.9 in the pre-test to 13.5 in the post-test (p<0.001). The percentage with a minimum of 14 correct answers to the 15 questions increased from 18 to 63% (p<0.001). Adequate breast health practices were generally low but increased significantly with increasing age and attendance at a previous lecture on breast cancer. Breast health practices were also higher among married women and housewives, and significantly associated with older age and greater breast health knowledge (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group educational lectures appeared effective for improving breast health knowledge among Jordanian women. However, even with the noticeable level of knowledge at the baseline, there were low breast health practices among the study participants. This necessitates further in-depth research to explore womens experiences and socio-cultural barriers to breast health seeking behaviour in Jordan.
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Health (IHCAR), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. hana.taha@ki.se
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: Vanja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaouni
authors.forename: Lennarth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: Raeda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Qutob
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahlström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016504:Breast Self-Examination; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult