title: Genomic profiling of HMGN1 reveals an association with chromatin at regulatory regions.
abstract: The interaction of architectural proteins such as the linker histone H1 and high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins with nucleosomes leads to changes in chromatin structure and histone modifications and alters the cellular transcription profile. The interaction of HMG proteins with chromatin is dynamic. However, it is not clear whether the proteins are constantly and randomly redistributed among all the nucleosomes or whether they preferentially associate with, and turn over at, specific regions in chromatin. To address this question, we examined the genome-wide distribution of the nucleosome binding protein HMGN1 and compared it to that of regulatory chromatin marks. We find that HMGN1 is not randomly distributed throughout the genome. Instead, the protein preferentially localizes to DNase I hypersensitive (HS) sites, promoters, functional enhancers, and transcription factor binding sites. Our results suggest that HMGN1 is part of the cellular machinery that modulates transcriptional fidelity by generating, maintaining, or preferentially interacting with specific sites in chromatin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuddapah
authors.forename: Dustin E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Schones
authors.forename: Kairong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Tae-Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Artem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barski
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rochman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bustin
authors.forename: Keji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D024241:HMGN1 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007438:Introns; D009707:Nucleosomes; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D017931:DNA Primers; D024241:HMGN1 Protein; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor; C494698:YY1 protein, human; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I