title: The approach to the difficult urethral catheterization among urology residents in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of different approaches to the difficult urethral catheterization (DUC) among urology residents (UR) in the United States (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  An email invitation to participate in an online survey regarding DUC was sent to 267 UR and to 22 urology program coordinators for them to forward to their residents. 142 UR completed the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the initial unsuccessful attempt by a nurse, 92% of UR attempted a catheter prior to resorting to other modalities. The most common choice of the first catheter was a Coude (76%) size 18F (51%). For situations where multiple sizes and types of catheters (12-20F) were used without success, 3 scenarios were proposed: 1) Catheter passed the bulbomembranous urethra (BMU) and patient had previous history of transurethral resection of the prostate or radical retropubic prostatectomy, 2) Catheter passed the BMU and no urologic history, 3) Catheter did not pass the BMU and no urologic history. Flexible cystoscopy was used in 74%, 62% and 63%; blind passage of a glidewire was second with 15%, 23% and 20%; and blind use of filiforms and followers was chosen in 7%, 9% and 9% of the scenarios respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common approach to the DUC among UR in the US involves using an 18F Coude catheter first. After trying one or more urethral catheters, UR most commonly resort to flexible cystoscopy as opposed to the blind placement of glide wires or filiforms/followers.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68114, USA. cvillanueva.uro@gmail.com
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hemstreet
mesh_terms: D057785:Catheters; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000628:therapy; D014572:Urology