title: CD133 negative cancer stem cells in glioblastoma.
abstract: Glioblastomas (GBM) are paradigmatic for the investigation of cancer stem cells (CSC) in solid tumors. Recently, the discovery of CD133- CSC in addition to CD133+ CSC has substantially added to our understanding of the complexity of GBM CSC. This review gives an overview on our current knowledge on CD133- cells in GBM and describes five different hypothesizes on the nature of CD133- cells in GBM. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge on tumorigenic CD133- CSC, list available markers, describe the current controversies on the origin of CD133- CSC, and discuss how the heterogeneity of CSC may correspond to the molecular heterogeneity of GBM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen, Medical School, Aachen, Germany. Christoph.Beier@gmx.de
authors.forename: Christoph P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beier
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053631:Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C507941:IL2RG protein, human; D053631:Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit