title: Parvovirus B19 infection in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human pathogenic parvovirus B19 (B19) has recently been detected in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) tissues at a high frequency in two studies of a Chinese cohort. We wanted to extend these data to include another cohort and expand the thyroid tumor tissue types assessed. In particular, we were interested to find whether B19 also infects anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most aggressive human cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Commercially available thyroid tumor tissue arrays were used to detect B19 capsid protein by immunohistochemistry in various types of thyroid tumors and disorders. The arrays were representative of the four main types of thyroid tumors, as well as other thyroid autoimmune disorders such as HT and Graves' disease, and adenomas, goiters, lymphomas, and normal thyroid tissue. In total, at least 12 different types of thyroid conditions as well as normal tissue were represented, many with multiple subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one of the 24 (88%) PTC tumors, 3 of the 3 ATC/undifferentiated tumors, and 3 of the 3 HT tissue samples were positive for B19 capsid protein by immunohistochemistry. The localization of the protein differed based on pathological disease type, with a nuclear to cytoplasmic shift seen from unaffected to tumor tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We extend the data available on B19 detection in the thyroid to show a high correlation of virus in another cohort of PTC and HT at the protein level. We also show, for the first time, B19 infection of much more highly aggressive ATC/undifferentiated tumors. Nuclear to cytoplasmic shift in B19 protein in cancer tissue suggests a possible link between B19 and thyroid cancer pathogenesis/progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clare-Salzler
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002277:Carcinoma; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D065646:Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000821:virology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins