title: Phospholipase Cdelta3 regulates RhoA/Rho kinase signaling and neurite outgrowth.
abstract: Phospholipase Cδ3 (PLCδ3) is a key enzyme regulating phosphoinositide metabolism; however, its physiological function remains unknown. Because PLCδ3 is highly enriched in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, we examined the role of PLCδ3 in neuronal migration and outgrowth. PLCδ3 knockdown (KD) inhibits neurite formation of cerebellar granule cells, and application of PLCδ3KD using in utero electroporation in the developing brain results in the retardation of the radial migration of neurons in the cerebral cortex. In addition, PLCδ3KD inhibits axon and dendrite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons. PLCδ3KD also suppresses neurite formation of Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells induced by serum withdrawal or treatment with retinoic acid. This inhibition is released by the reintroduction of wild-type PLCδ3. Interestingly, the H393A mutant lacking phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolyzing activity generates supernumerary protrusions, and a constitutively active mutant promotes extensive neurite outgrowth, indicating that PLC activity is important for normal neurite outgrowth. The introduction of dominant negative RhoA (RhoA-DN) or treatment with Y-27632, a Rho kinase-specific inhibitor, rescues the neurite extension in PLCδ3KD Neuro2a cells. Similar effects were also detected in primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, the RhoA expression level was significantly decreased by serum withdrawal or retinoic acid in control cells, although this decrease was not observed in PLCδ3KD cells. We also found that exogenous expression of PLCδ3 down-regulated RhoA protein, and constitutively active PLCδ3 promotes the RhoA down-regulation more significantly than PLCδ3 upon differentiation. These results indicate that PLCδ3 negatively regulates RhoA expression, inhibits RhoA/Rho kinase signaling, and thereby promotes neurite extension.
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo.
authors.forename: Zen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kouchi
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo.
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inanobe
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo,; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, and.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: the Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: the Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignal, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo,. Electronic address: kfukami@ls.toyaku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukami
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000201:enzymology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051606:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016501:Neurites / Q000201:enzymology*; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054803:Phospholipase C delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; D051606:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1; C496762:Grk1 protein, mouse; D054803:Phospholipase C delta; C518029:Plcd3 protein, mouse; C526380:RhoA protein, mouse; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein