title: Use of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters to assess the chronic effects of a fungicide propiconazole on a freshwater teleost.
abstract: Blood is an indicator of physiological condition of an animal. Therefore, the chronic effects of propiconazole, a triazole fungicide present in aquatic environment, on hematology of rainbow trout were investigated in this study. Fish were exposed at various concentrations of PCZ (0.2, 50 and 500 μg L(-1)) for 7, 20 and 30 d. Multiple biomarkers were measured, including hematological indices (hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells count, hematocrit, leukocyte count, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, mean erythrocyte volume and mean color concentration) and plasma biochemical parameters (ammonia, glucose, total proteins, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Through principal component analysis and integrated biomarker response assessment, influence extent induced by PCZ-stress of each test group was distinguished. Additional, all parameters measured in this study displayed different dependent patterns to PCZ concentrations and exposure time by two-way ANOVA. The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure of PCZ has altered multiple physiological indices in fish hematology and CK activity may be an early biomarker of PCZ toxicity; however, before these parameters are used as special biomarkers for monitoring residual PCZ in aquatic environment, more detailed experiments in laboratory need to be performed in the future.
authors.affiliation: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic. zhihuali06@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velisek
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grabic
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolarova
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randak
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000097:blood*; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045950:propiconazole; D000641:Ammonia; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase