title: Weight loss induced by 6-month lifestyle intervention improves early endothelial activation and fibrinolysis in obese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent obesity is associated with an increased risk of adult obesity and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess the effect of weight loss after 6-month lifestyle intervention in obese adolescents on biomarkers of endothelial activation and fibrinolytic system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five obese adolescents aged 10 to 16 years were assigned to a 6-month lifestyle intervention and 61 completed the programme. We examined the effect of the intervention on adhesion molecules (selectin E, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1) and fibrinolytic parameters [plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen]. Thirty-six lean adolescents were studied only at baseline as a comparison group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with lean participants, obese adolescents at baseline demonstrated significantly higher levels of triglycerides, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, PAI-1 and fibrinogen. After 6-month lifestyle intervention, those obese adolescents with decreased standard deviation score-body mass index (SDS-BMI) displayed significant decreases in insulin (19.2 ± 11.2 vs. 26.8 ± 13.2 mU/L, P≤ 0.01), homeostasis model assessment (4.24 ± 3.19 vs. 6.58 ± 4.08, P≤ 0.01), selectin E (100.2 ± 60.9 vs. 116.0 ± 69.0 ng/mL, P≤ 0.01) and PAI-1 (39.6 ± 38.0 vs. 51.8 ± 25.6 ng/mL, P≤ 0.05) with respect to the baseline levels. No changes in these parameters were observed in the obese adolescents with stable or increased SDS-BMI. The changes of triglycerides after intervention in subgroup with decreased SDS-BMI were significantly greater than those in subgroup with stable SDS-BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated increased endothelial activation and impairment of the fibrinolytic system in early life, which is in part reversible by a 6-month lifestyle intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infántil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: del-Río-Navarro
authors.forename: G T M
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Alcántara
authors.forename: J J L
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sienra Monge
authors.forename: J A P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ontiveros
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Olivos
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lopéz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villafaña
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)