title: Factors associated with surgery for active endocarditis in congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the recent progress of cardiac surgery, the indications for surgical intervention during the active phase of infective endocarditis have not yet been established in patients with congenital heart diseases due to the limited number of such patients. The present study aims to determine the surgical indications for active infective endocarditis in congenital heart diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational cohort multi-center study on infective endocarditis with congenital heart diseases was conducted from January 1997 to December 2001 in Japan and 239 patients were registered. Sixty-one (26%) of the 239 patients had undergone surgical therapy for active infective endocarditis, which was defined as cardiac surgery during administration of intravenous antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7 deaths (11%). A univariate regression analysis revealed that the factors significantly associated with the need for surgical intervention for active IE were the lack of diagnosis of cardiac disorders before the onset of infective endocarditis, aortic valve infective endocarditis, perivalvular abscess, presence of heart failure, and change of antibiotics. A stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of a perivalvular abscess, heart failure and a change in the antibiotics were independent determinant factors for the need for surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery should therefore be considered even during the active phase in patients with congenital heart diseases and infective endocarditis, when they develop associated with heart failure, a perivalvular abscess, or the need for a change in antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatrics, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara City, Japan. murat@seagreen.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult