title: Magnetic resonance angiography of fetal vessels: feasibility study in the sheep fetus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to perform fetal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in utero in a sheep model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Images of the great vessels, the heart, and the tracheal tree were performed on four pregnant ewes with a 1.5-T scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). MRA was achieved in utero using a nontriggered free-breathing three-dimensional balanced fast field echo (FFE) technique. All obtained MRA images were evaluated in consensus on a three-point scale by two radiologists with 9 and 4 years of experience in fetal MRI, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fetal heart frequencies were between 130 and 160 bpm. The aorta from the aortic bulb to the bifurcation as well as some of the main aortic branches could be depicted. The pulmonary trunk and arteries, the superior and inferior caval veins, and the subsegmental branches of the trachea could also be visualized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nontriggered MRA of the fetal great vessels with images of the tracheal tree allowed an excellent evaluation of anatomical structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 52 Martinistrasse, Hamburg, 20246, Germany. j.yamamura@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schnackenburg
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kooijmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hecher
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wedegärtner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000196:embryology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D007089:Image Enhancement; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000196:embryology; D012756:Sheep; D014132:Trachea / Q000196:embryology; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000196:embryology*