title: [Clinical analysis of 322 cases of non-epileptic cerebral palsy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical features of non-epileptic seizures associated with cerebral palsy (CP) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1 198 children with CP (age: 9 months to 6 years) were enrolled. The children with paroxysmal events were monitored by 24 hrs video-EEG (VEEG) to make sure the seizures were epileptic or non-epileptic. The symptoms, age, CP types and EEG features were observed in children with non-epileptic CP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and seventy-eight children (48.24%) presented paroxysmal events. The seizures were epileptic in 231 children (19.28%) and non-epileptic in 322 cases (26.88%). In the 322 cases of non-epileptic CP, the paroxysmal events were of various kinds, including non-epileptic seizure tonic, seizure shake head, shrug shoulder or head hypsokinesis, cry or scream, panic attacks, sleep myoclonic and stereotyped movement. One hundred and fifty-eight (49.1%) out of the 322 children demonstrated nonspecific EEG abnormalities. One hundred and eleven children (34.5%) were misdiagnosed as epilepsy in primary hospitals. The CP children less than one year old showed higher frequency of non-epileptic seizures than the age groups over 1 year and 3 to 6 years. The frequency of non-epileptic seizures was the highest in children with spastic CP (168 cases, 52.2%), followed by dyskinetic CP (69 cases, 21.4%) and mixed type CP (65 cases, 20.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paroxysmal events in children with CP partially are non-epileptic seizures and it is important to differentiate non-epileptic from epileptic seizures. The frequencies of non-epileptic seizures may be associated with a child's age and CP type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. Email: jiayanjie2002@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Deng-Na
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Guo-Hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hua-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Hong-Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lin-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis