title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy ducks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome administered IV, IM, or PO to healthy ducks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six 2-month-old Muscovy ducks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ducks were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 12 birds each for a single IV, IM, or PO administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected before and at various intervals after each administration. Cefquinome concentration was determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography at 268 nm with a UV detector, and pharmacokinetics were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disposition of cefquinome following IV or IM administration was best described by a 2-compartment model. After IV administration, mean ± SD elimination halflife was 1.57 ± 0.06 hours, clearance value was 0.22 ± 0.02 L/kg·h, and apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 0.41 ± 0.04 L/kg. After IM administration, elimination half-life was 1.79 ± 0.13 hours, peak concentration time was 0.38 ± 0.06 hours, peak drug concentration was 9.38 ± 1.61 μg/mL, and absolute mean ± SD bioavailability was 93.28 ± 13.89%. No cefquinome was detected in plasma after PO administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that cefquinome was absorbed quickly and had excellent bioavailability after IM administration, but absorption after PO administration was poor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liguo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xianyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Binghu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yahong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; C068212:cefquinome