title: Effect of severe dietary magnesium deficiency on systemic bone density and removal torque of osseointegrated implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effect of severe magnesium (Mg) dietary deficiency on systemic bone density and biomechanical resistance of bone tissue to the removal torque of osseointegrated implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 45 rats; each received a titanium implant in their tibial metaphysis. After 60 days, the animals were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to their dietary Mg: the control group received the recommended content of Mg, group Mg1 received a 75% reduction in dietary Mg content, and group Mg2 was fed a diet with a 90% reduction in Mg content. Animals were sacrificed 150 days after implant placement. Serum concentrations of Mg were measured and the effect of Mg deficiency on systemic bone density was evaluated by densitometry of the lumbar vertebrae and femur. Biomechanical characteristics were measured by resistance of the bone tissue to removal of the implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower Mg serum concentrations were found for the Mg1 and Mg2 groups; however, densitometric analysis and torque evaluations showed a statistically significant difference only in the Mg2 group (P < .05). There was a statistically significant difference in removal torque between the Mg2 group and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that a severe deficiency of Mg decreased the systemic bone density and removal torque of osseointegrated implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil. s-orrico@foar.unesp.br
authors.forename: Ricardo Andres Landazuri
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Del Barrio
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giro
authors.forename: Maria Montosa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Belluci
authors.forename: Rosa Maria Rodrigues
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Silvana Regina Perez
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Orrico
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D020878:Device Removal; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016348:Osseointegration; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D008274:Magnesium