title: Presenting features and treatment outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia arising after multiple sclerosis.
abstract: We report the clinical features and treatment outcome of 33 patients with multiple sclerosis who developed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Thirty patients were previously exposed to mitoxantrone. The median latency period between treatment initiation and acute promyelocytic leukemia diagnosis was 32 months. The PML-RARA bcr1 iso-form was identified in 87% of cases. Twenty-nine (90%) patients achieved hematologic remission after all-trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy (n = 31) or arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid. Consolidation included modified chemotherapy or arsenic trioxide. At a median follow up of 26 months, 23 patients are in complete remission, 4 relapsed and one developed secondary leukemia. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse and overall survival were 23% and 68%, respectively. Although treatment heterogeneity and suboptimal post-remission therapy must be taken into account, overall results and development of secondary leukemia in one patient suggest that effective and less toxic agents like arsenic trioxide warrants further investigation in this context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopathology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ammatuna
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montesinos
authors.forename: Syed Khizer
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Safaa M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.forename: Maximillian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hubmann
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagoni
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grimwade
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lo-Coco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents