title: Chronic variable stress alters inflammatory and cholinergic parameters in hippocampus of rats.
abstract: In the present study we investigated the effect of chronic variable stress (CVS) on some parameters of the immune system, including levels of cytokines [interleukin 1β (IL-1 β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α)] and chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) in the hippocampus of rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity was also evaluated. Sixty-day old Wistar rats were submitted to different mild stressors for 40 days. After the last stress section, the cytokines and MCP-1 were determined by immunoassay and acetylcholinesterase activity by colorimetric method. Results showed that chronic stress significantly increased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but did not alter the levels of MCP-1. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activity was increased in the hippocampus of rats subjected to CVS. These findings suggest that inflammation and cholinergic dysfunction may be, at least in part, important contributors to the neurological dysfunction observed in some depressed patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tagliari
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tagliari
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Aline A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalmaz
authors.forename: Angela T S
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wyse
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase