title: Reproducibility of different screening classifications in ultrasonography of the newborn hip.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasonography of the hip has gained wide acceptance as a primary method for diagnosis, screening and treatment monitoring of developmental hip dysplasia in infants. The aim of the study was to examine the degree of concordance of two objective classifications of hip morphology and subjective parameters by three investigators with different levels of experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 207 consecutive newborns (101 boys; 106 girls) the following parameters were assessed: bony roof angle (α-angle) and cartilage roof angle (β-angle) according to Graf's basic standard method, "femoral head coverage" (FHC) as described by Terjesen, shape of the bony roof and position of the cartilaginous roof. Both hips were measured twice by each investigator with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer (SONOLINE G60S® ultrasound system, SIEMENS, Erlangen, Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean kappa-coefficients for the subjective parameters shape of the bony roof (0.97) and position of the cartilaginous roof (1.0) demonstrated high intra-observer reproducibility. Best results were achieved for α-angle, followed by β-angle and finally FHC. With respect to limits of agreement, inter-observer reproducibility was calculated less precisely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher measurement differences were evaluated more in objective scorings. Those variations were observed by every investigator irrespective of level of experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany. peterlei@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Christian D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Peterlein
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Schüttler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lakemeier
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Timmesfeld
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Görg
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs-Winkelmann
authors.forename: Markus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schofer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006615:Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography