title: Pleural mesothelioma in New Caledonia: associations with environmental risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High incidences of malignant mesothelioma (MM) have been observed in New Caledonia. Previous work has shown an association between MM and soil containing serpentinite.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the spatial and temporal variation of MM and its association with environmental factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the 109 MM cases recorded in the Cancer Registry of New Caledonia between 1984 and 2008 and performed spatial, temporal, and space-time cluster analyses. We conducted an ecological analysis involving 100 tribes over a large area including those with the highest incidence rates. Associations with environmental factors were assessed using logistic and Poisson regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest incidence was observed in the Houaïlou area with a world age-standardized rate of 128.7 per 100,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 70.41-137.84]. A significant spatial cluster grouped 18 tribes (31 observed cases vs. 8 expected cases; p = 0.001), but no significant temporal clusters were identified. The ecological analyses identified serpentinite on roads as the greatest environmental risk factor (odds ratio = 495.0; 95% CI, 46.2-4679.7; multivariate incidence rate ratio = 13.0; 95% CI, 10.2-16.6). The risk increased with serpentinite surface, proximity to serpentinite quarries and distance to the peridotite massif. The association with serpentines was stronger than with amphiboles. Living on a slope and close to dense vegetation appeared protective. The use of whitewash, previously suggested to be a risk factor, was not associated with MM incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of serpentinite on roads is a major environmental risk factor for mesothelioma in New Caledonia.
authors.affiliation: Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Equipe de Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques, Noumea, New Caledonia. fbaumann@live.fr
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurizot
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mangeas
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ambrosi
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douwes
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robineau
mesh_terms: D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine / Q000633:toxicity*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009510:New Caledonia; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine