title: Presence of in-home caregiver and health outcomes of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the presence of in-home caregivers is associated with changes in the health outcomes of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Geriatric medical center and academic respiratory clinic in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling adults with COPD and their caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures (pulmonary function tests, distance on the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), and frequencies of emergency visits and hospitalizations of those living alone (group A), those living with one caregiver (group B), and those living with two or more caregivers (group C) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred eighty-nine participants (315 men and 74 women; mean age 73.3) were enrolled. Mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 57.5%. The numbers of participants allocated into the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease stages I, II, III, and IV were 105, 107, 122, and 55, respectively. Group A had 87 participants; group B, 125; and group C, 177. Instrumental ADL scores were highest in group A (P < .001), whereas 6MWT distance was longest in group B and shortest in group A. The frequency of emergency visits was highest in group A (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants with COPD living alone were higher functioning in terms of instrumental ADLs, but they had less exercise capacity and more-frequent emergency visits than participants in the in-home caregiver groups and no difference in hospitalizations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Oncology, Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motegi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gemma
authors.forename: Kozui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014041:Tokyo; D016896:Treatment Outcome