title: Women smokers' experiences of an age-appearance anti-smoking intervention: a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate women's experiences of engaging in an age-appearance anti-smoking intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten 18- to 34-year-old women gave accounts of their experiences after engaging in an age-appearance facial morphing anti-smoking intervention in interviews (n= 7) and a focus group (n= 3), and 37 women gave their accounts while they were engaged in the intervention. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis broadly informed by the procedures of Grounded Theory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were very concerned about the impact of ageing on their faces in general, and in particular the additional impact of smoking on their skin. Women were concerned about other people's reactions to them as older smokers with wrinkled skin, and many experienced a physical shock reaction (including reports of nausea) to seeing how they would age if they continued to smoke. They reported that seeing their own face aged on the computer screen increased their perceived risk of skin wrinkling. Women reported being highly motivated to quit smoking as a result of the intervention, and many reported that they would take active steps to quit having seen how they would look if they continued to smoke. This was linked with increased perceived personal responsibility for quitting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results are discussed in relation to suggestions for anti-smoking interventions aimed at women in the 18- to 34-year-old age group. It is concluded that interventions incorporating age-appearance morphing techniques are likely to be effective in helping women to take active steps to quit smoking.
authors.affiliation: Psychology, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, England ST4 2DE, UK. s.c.grogan@staffs.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: Keira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Flett
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clark-Carter
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Giri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajaratnam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009042:Motivation; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult