title: Combined amylin-leptin treatment lowers blood pressure and adiposity in lean and obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the cardiovascular effects of combined amylin (AMN) and leptin (LEP) treatment in lean and obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were instrumented for telemetry and given LEP (300 μg kg(-1) day(-1)), AMN (100 μg kg(-1) day(-1)), AMN+LEP or vehicle (VEH; 0.9% normal saline) via a subcutaneous mini-osmotic pump for 7 days. The VEH group was subdivided into ad libitum fed and pair-fed to the amount of food AMN+LEP animals ate daily. Rats were housed in metabolic chambers for analysis of cardiovascular physiology and metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway (FBNF1; Harlan; age=3-5 months; n=72) rats were placed on standard rodent chow (LEAN, n=41) or moderately high-fat diet (OBESE; n=31) to produce obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMN+LEP potently reduced food intake (LEAN: 57% OBESE: 59%) and abdominal fat mass (LEAN: 56% OBESE: 41%). Pair-fed rats displayed bradycardia and metabolic suppression. In contrast, AMN+LEP increased heart rate and oxygen consumption above levels in LEP or AMN-treated rats. LEP reduced blood pressure in both lean and obese rats but AMN had no effect. LEP-induced reductions in blood pressure were not altered by AMN+LEP treatment. Thus, AMN+LEP treatment decreased food intake, body fat and blood pressure in lean and obese rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the potent anti-adiposity actions of AMN+LEP are due in part to prevention of the bradycardia and metabolic suppression typically observed with negative energy balance. Furthermore, the hypotensive actions of peripheral LEP treatment are observable in spite of the potent AMN+LEP activation of anorexic and thermogenic mechanisms in the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Overton
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D020738:Leptin