title: Effect of Ethiopian multiflora honey on fluconazole-resistant Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of AIDS patients.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of Ethiopian multiflora honey against Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of AIDS patients. Oral rinses were obtained from 13 AIDS patients and cultured on CHROMagar plates at 37°C for 48 hours. Candida species were identified by microbiological and molecular techniques. The antifungal effect of the honey sample on Candida was investigated by an agar dilution technique. Susceptibility of the Candida species to fluconazole was tested following a semi-modified microdilution method. Growth of both fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida species was inhibited with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 35-40% (v/v) honey. The MFC of different Candida species was not significantly different (P > 0.05). From the total of 25 Candida isolates tested for susceptibility, 11 (44%), eight (32%) and six (24%) of the isolates were sensitive (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] < 8 µg/mL), susceptible (dose-dependent: MICs 16-32 µg/mL) and resistant (MICs > 64 µg/mL) to fluconazole, respectively. Ethiopian multiflora honey has antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of AIDS patients. This supports the existing folkloric practice of using honey to treat oral lesions. Nevertheless, identification of the bioactive agents in honey, their clinical evaluation and pharmacological standardization are crucial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Gondar, Gondar. andargachewmulu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tekleselassie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Belyhun
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anagaw
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alemayehu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelaw
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biadglegne
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desalegn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yifiru
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiruneh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isogai
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005002:Ethiopia; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole