title: Enhancement of immunogenicity of a virosome-based avian influenza vaccine in chickens by incorporating CpG-ODN.
abstract: Influenza virosomes are virus-like particles, representing a platform for vaccine development. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of avian influenza virosomes with or without inclusion of recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (rChIFN-γ) or CpG-ODN in chickens. Immunization with virosomes adjuvanted with CpG-ODN elicited the highest haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres, as well as IgG and IgA serum antibody responses. Moreover, Virosomes+CpG-ODN formulation induced an antigen-specific spleen cell proliferation and IFN-γ expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that virus-specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses may be induced in chickens immunized with virosomes and these responses can be enhanced by incorporating CpG-ODN in the virosome vaccine formulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario, Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Canada.
authors.forename: Amirul Islam
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Payvand
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parvizi
authors.forename: Leah R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behboudi
authors.forename: Shayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharif
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome; D007371:Interferon-gamma