title: Automated experimental system capturing three behavioral components during murine forced swim test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An automated experimental system applying a commercially available video image analyzer was developed for the simultaneous detection and measurement of three behavioral components; immobility, swimming (horizontal movements) and climbing (vertical movements) that occur in the murine forced swim test (FST). The system was validated using four typical antidepressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  System validity was confirmed by demonstrating no significant difference in 6 min time course of control group and imipramine-dosed group (30 mg/kg) between manual examinations and automated digital analysis for all the three behaviors (i.e., correlation coefficients were 0.96, 0.83 and 0.94 for immobility, swimming and climbing, respectively). The effects of acute single treatment with four antidepressants in clinical use, i.e., imipramine, desipramine, bupropion and fluvoxamine were evaluated at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg using the system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2-4 min time span analysis, all four antidepressants reduced immobility and increased climbing significantly, desipramine and bupropion increased swimming significantly, while imipramine and fluvoxamine did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The automated experimental system enabled efficient and accurate analysis of the three murine behaviors during FST at once. Climbing could be more sensitive parameter to detect anti-depressant-like effect than immobility in this system.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, 42 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuratani
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000494:pharmacology; D003891:Desipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004867:Equipment Design; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007099:Imipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D016642:Bupropion; D016666:Fluvoxamine; D007099:Imipramine; D003891:Desipramine