title: Are minimally invasive procedures harder to acquire than conventional surgical procedures?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is frequently suggested that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is harder to acquire than conventional surgery. To test this hypothesis, residents' learning curves of both surgical skills are compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents had to be assessed using a general global rating scale of the OSATS (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills) for every procedure they performed as primary surgeon during a 3-month clinical rotation in gynecological surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine postgraduate-year-4 residents collected a total of 319 OSATS during the 2 years and 3 months investigation period. These assessments concerned 129 MIS (laparoscopic and hysteroscopic) and 190 conventional (open abdominal and vaginal) procedures. Learning curves (in this study defined as OSATS score plotted against procedure-specific caseload) for MIS and conventional surgery were compared using a linear mixed model. The MIS curve revealed to be steeper than the conventional curve (1.77 vs. 0.75 OSATS points per assessed procedure; 95% CI 1.19-2.35 vs. 0.15-1.35, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basic MIS procedures do not seem harder to acquire during residency than conventional surgical procedures. This may have resulted from the incorporation of structured MIS training programs in residency. Hopefully, this will lead to a more successful implementation of the advanced MIS procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. E.Hiemstra @ lumc.nl
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: Wendela
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kolkman
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: le Cessie
authors.forename: Frank Willem
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000193:education; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education; D059032:Learning Curve; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*