title: Zoonotic linkage and variation in Cryptosporidium parvum from patients in the United Kingdom.
abstract: Relationships between patient exposure risks and variation within the Cryptosporidium parvum 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene were explored in samples isolated from human cases of cryptosporidiosis (n=69) in England and Wales. GP60 family IIa predominated (n=56), followed by IId (n=9). One case was IIc, a newly named genotype IIcA5G3j, and isolates from three cases did not amplify with the GP60 primers. Cases with GP60 family IIa were more likely than IId to have visited a farm, or had contact with farm animals or with their faeces in the 2 weeks prior to illness. Within GP60 family IIa, genotypes IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA17G1R1 predominated (22 cases each); nine other IIa genotypes accounted for 12 cases. The IId genotypes were mainly IIdA17G1 and IIdA18G1 (3 each). Cases with IIaA17G1R1 were particularly linked to zoonotic exposures: visiting a farm or having farm animal contact in the 2 weeks prior to illness. These findings provide further evidence of zoonotic pathways for the transmission of C. parvum isolates.
authors.affiliation: UK Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK. rachel.chalmers@wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hadfield
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elwin
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins