title: Gastric metaplasia of the duodenum: in vivo diagnosis by endomicroscopy and its relationship with functional dyspepsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric metaplasia (GM) of the duodenum is difficult to assess because of its patchy distribution, and the role of GM in functional dyspepsia (FD) is not clear. The aims of this study were to determine if endomicroscopy could identify GM of the duodenum and whether GM has associations with FD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 51 patients with FD and 25 asymptomatic controls were enrolled. Confocal laser endomicroscopy was performed to evaluate villi changes in vivo. Targeted biopsy specimens were then compared with histopathological results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of the endomicroscopy diagnosis of GM during endoscopy was 92.8%, and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 86.2%, 97.4%, 89.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. The mean κ-value for interobserver agreement was 0.89. GM in the duodenal bulb was more frequent in patients with FD than in the controls (33.3% vs 12%, P<0.05), especially in patients with epigastric pain syndrome (47.6% vs 12%, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endomicroscopy is useful for identifying GM, and GM might be related to FD. These findings could have potential applicability for duodenal screening, and suggest a possible targeting therapy in FD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Meng
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiu-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Cheng-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yan-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult