title: Predictors of bleeding from stable pelvic fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stable pelvic fractures (SPFs) that do not need operative fixation are only infrequently associated with significant bleeding (SigBleed). Our hypothesis is that simple indicators, easily detectable at the bedside, can alert the clinician about the likelihood of bleeding and the need for closer monitoring or early intervention in patients with SPFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic level 1 trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients with SPFs admitted to our academic level 1 trauma center from January 1, 2002, to June 30, 2007, were reviewed. Stable pelvic fractures were defined as fractures not requiring external or internal fixation. SigBleed was defined as the need for blood transfusion and/or intervention for bleeding control within the first 24 hours after admission. The patients were divided into group A, which included patients without SigBleed; group B, which included patients with SigBleed of a nonpelvic cause; and group C, which included patients with SigBleed caused by the SPF. The 3 groups were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Significant bleeding from SPFs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 391 patients with SPFs, 280 (72%) were in group A, 90 (23%) were in group B, and 21 (5%) were in group C. Compared with group A patients, those in group C were older and had a lower hematocrit and systolic blood pressure on admission. They also had longer hospital stays and a higher mortality. The following independent predictors of SigBleed from SPF were identified: hematocrit of 30% or lower (odds ratio [OR], 43.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.78-197.32; P < .001); presence of pelvic hematoma on computed tomographic scan (OR, 39.37; 95% CI, 4.58-338.41; P < .001); and systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or lower (OR, 18.352; 95% CI, 1.98-169.87; P = .01). When all independent predictors were present, 100% of the patients had SigBleed; when all were absent, no one had SigBleed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of SigBleed due to SPFs is low (5% in this study) and independently predicted by an admission hematocrit of 30% or lower, the presence of a pelvic hematoma on computed tomographic scan, and systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or lower.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bramos
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Velmahos
authors.forename: Umar M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fikry
authors.forename: R Malcolm
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Yuchiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006400:Hematocrit; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014193:Trauma Centers