title: Silver acetate interactions with nicotine and non-nicotine smoke components.
abstract: Oral topical silver-containing formulations were marketed in the 1970s and 1980s as smoking deterrents, based on the finding that when using such formulations, an unpleasant taste occurs upon smoking. This approach has not been widely adopted, however, in part because of a lack of efficacy data. The advent of new pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation renews the possibility that such a taste aversion approach may be a useful adjunct to smoking cessation treatment. This study explored the basic mechanistic question of whether topical oral silver acetate solution interacts with nicotine as opposed to non-nicotine smoke constituents. We recruited 20 smoking volunteers to rate nicotine-containing or denicotinized cigarettes, as well as the Nicotrol nicotine vapor inhaler and sham (air) puffs. In two sessions, subjects rated the sensory and hedonic qualities of puffs after rinsing their mouths with either silver acetate solution or deionized water (placebo). Silver acetate relative to placebo solution substantially reduced liking and satisfaction ratings for the usual brand and denicotinized cigarettes; in contrast, for the nicotine inhaler these ratings were unaffected by the silver-based treatment. These results support the conclusion that silver acetate not only renders the taste of cigarette smoke less appealing, but also that the compound appears to interact selectively with non-nicotine smoke constituents. Moreover, these data suggest silver acetate would be compatible with buccal nicotine delivery systems (e.g., nicotine lozenge or gum). Combined use of taste aversion with nicotine replacement therapy could provide the smoker with additional assistance to resist relapse. Further exploration is warranted of the use of silver-based preparations as a short-term adjunct to smoking cessation treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Center for Nicotine and Smoking Cessation Research, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA. rose0003@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Jed E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Frédérique M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Behm
authors.forename: Thangaraju
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murugesan
authors.forename: F Joseph
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: McClernon
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013649:Taste; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D018030:Silver Compounds; C103100:silver acetate; D009538:Nicotine