title: Closed reduction of distal forearm fractures by pediatric emergency physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine if there exist differences in length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department (ED) and need for reintervention to restore alignment after distal forearm fracture reduction by pediatric emergency physicians (EPs) versus postgraduate year 3 or 4 orthopedic residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective trial at a busy urban pediatric ED, children with closed distal forearm fractures that met predefined criteria for manipulation were randomized to treatment by a postgraduate year 3 or 4 orthopedic resident or by a pediatric EP who had received focused training in forearm fracture reduction. Prereduction, postreduction, and follow-up radiographs were evaluated by an attending pediatric orthopedic surgeon who was unaware of the assigned group. The following outcomes were assessed: LOS during the initial ED encounter, adequacy of alignment immediately postreduction and at follow-up visits after discharge from the ED, the need for remanipulation, unscheduled ED visits, and radiographic healing at 6-8 weeks after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 103 children were randomized into the pediatric EP (52 patients, mean age 9.1 years) and orthopedic resident (51 patients, mean age 9.7 years) groups. Patients in the two groups were similar in age, involvement of the physes, degree of angulation, percentage of displacement, and need for procedural sedation. The mean LOS in the ED was 4.5 hours in the pediatric EP group versus 5.0 hours in the orthopedic resident group (difference in means -0.5 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.26 to 0.37 hours). Remanipulation was required in 4 of 48 (8.3%) in the pediatric EP group versus 6 of 48 (12.5%) in the orthopedic resident group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.16 to 2.67). Unscheduled ED visits for cast-related problems occurred in 6 of 51 (11.8%) in the pediatric EP group and 4 of 52 (7.7%) in the orthopedic resident group (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.38 to 6.39). None of these patients with unscheduled ED visits developed compartment syndrome or required admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Length of stay in the ED and clinical outcomes after closed reduction of forearm fractures by trained pediatric EPs are comparable to those after closed reduction by orthopedic residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, USA. shehma@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Shehma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pershad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*