title: VGluT2 and NMDAR1 expression in cells in the inflammatory infiltrates in experimentally induced myositis: evidence of local glutamate signaling suggests autocrine/paracrine effects in an overuse injury model.
abstract: It is not known whether a glutamate signaling system is involved in muscle inflammation (myositis). In the present study, we examined this question in the soleus muscle in a laboratory model of myositis resulting from repetitive overuse induced by electrical stimulation and injection of pro-inflammatory substances. Sections of rabbit soleus muscle with an induced myositis, i.e., exhibiting infiltration of inflammatory cells, were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporter VGluT2 and the glutamate receptor NMDAR1. In situ hybridization for demonstration of VGluT2 mRNA was also performed. Specific reactions for both VGluT2 and NMDAR1 could be observed immunohistochemically in the same cells. In situ hybridization demonstrated the occurrence of VGluT2 mRNA in the cells. Double staining showed that the VGluT2 reactions were detectable in cells marked with T cell/neutrophil marker and in cells expressing eosinophil peroxidase. These data suggest the occurrence of previously unknown glutamate-mediated autocrine/paracrine effects within the inflammatory infiltrates during the development of muscle inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Section for Anatomy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spang
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorentzon
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forsgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D047209:Eosinophil Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries; D009220:Myositis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047209:Eosinophil Peroxidase; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2