title: Novel methodology to characterize electromagnetic exposure of the brain.
abstract: Due to the greatly non-uniform field distribution induced in brain tissues by radio frequency electromagnetic sources, the exposure of anatomical and functional regions of the brain may be a key issue in interpreting laboratory findings and epidemiological studies concerning endpoints related to the central nervous system. This paper introduces the Talairach atlas in characterization of the electromagnetic exposure of the brain. A hierarchical labeling scheme is mapped onto high-resolution human models. This procedure is fully automatic and allows identification of over a thousand different sites all over the brain. The electromagnetic absorption can then be extracted and interpreted in every region or combination of regions in the brain, depending on the characterization goals. The application examples show how this methodology enhances the dosimetry assessment of the brain based on results obtained by either finite difference time domain simulations or measurements delivered by test compliance dosimetry systems. Applications include, among others, the detailed dosimetric analysis of the exposure of the brain during cell phone use, improved design of exposure setups for human studies or medical diagnostic and therapeutic devices using electromagnetic fields or ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Zeughausstr. 43, 8004, Zürich, Switzerland. crespo@speag.com
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crespo-Valero
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christopoulou
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zefferer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achermann
authors.forename: Konstantina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nikita
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D011874:Radiometry