title: [Palliative care and end-of-life patients in emergency situations. Recommendations on optimization of out-patient care].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At the end of life acute exacerbations of medical symptoms (e.g. dyspnea) in palliative care patients often result in emergency medical services being alerted. The goals of this study were to discuss cooperation between emergency medical and palliative care structures to optimize the quality of care in emergencies involving palliative care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  For data collection an open discussion of the main topics by experts in palliative and emergency medical care was employed. Main outcome measures and recommendations included responses regarding current practices related to expert opinions and international literature sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the essential points of consensus the following recommendations for optimization of care were named: (1) integration of palliative care in the emergency medicine curricula for pre-hospital emergency physicians and paramedics, (2) development of outpatient palliative care, (3) integration of palliative care teams into emergency medical structures, (4) cooperation between palliative and emergency medical care, (5) integration of crisis intervention into outpatient palliative emergency medical care, (6) provision of emergency plans and emergency medical boxes, (7) provision of palliative crisis cards and do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders, (8) psychosocial aspects concerning palliative emergencies and (9) definition of palliative patients and their special situation by the physician responsible for prior treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prehospital emergency physicians are confronted with emergencies in palliative care patients every day. In the treatment of these emergencies there are potentially serious conflicts due to the different therapeutic concepts of palliative medical care and emergency medical services. This study demonstrates that there is a need for regulated criteria for the therapy of palliative patients and patients at the end of life in emergency situations. Overall, more clinical investigations concerning end-of-life care and unresponsive palliative care patients in emergency medical situations are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany. christoph.wiese@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: C H R
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vagts
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kampa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: I-U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Grom
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gerth
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Zausig
mesh_terms: D003419:Crisis Intervention; D004501:Education, Medical; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000592:standards*; D010361:Patients; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012944:Social Support; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000592:standards*; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome