title: Lower urinary tract conditions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: correlation of symptoms based on validated scoring systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether certain voiding problems have a higher incidence in patients with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity compared to age matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Conners Parent Rating Scale-revised for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and lower urinary tract symptom score to evaluate voiding problems. A total of 62 children with attention deficit disorder and 124 healthy controls were enrolled. We evaluated uroflowmetry patterns in both groups. Residual urine volumes and Bristol stool scale were noted. We examined the correlation between total Conners Parent Rating Scale-revised and lower urinary tract symptom score in patients with attention deficit disorder. Additionally we analyzed each index of the Conners Parent Rating Scale-revised separately in terms of correlation with symptom subgroups for lower urinary tract symptom scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ± SD total lower urinary tract symptom score was 11.1 ± 2.9 in patients with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and 3.2 ± 1.3 in controls, a difference that was statistically significantly (p <0.001). With the exception of constipation, mean scores of all lower urinary tract symptom subindices were significantly higher in patients with attention deficit disorder compared to controls. Symptoms evaluated in lower urinary tract symptom score were mostly correlated with attention deficit disorder index of the Conners Parent Rating Scale-revised. If a child with attention deficit disorder has a high index in the Conners Parent Rating Scale-revised, he or she is more likely to have urgency. Also, if a child with attention deficit disorder has a high hyperactivity subscale score, he or she is more likely to have enuresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Voiding problems are more common in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity than in age matched controls. Urgency and enuresis are the outstanding problems in children with attention deficit disorder. Simultaneous use of the Conners Parent Rating Scale-revised and lower urinary tract symptom score questionnaire should be encouraged in patients with attention deficit disorder to allow a structured and quantitative evaluation of these overlapping problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burgu
authors.forename: Ozgu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
authors.forename: Kagan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gurkan
authors.forename: Runa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: Tarkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soygur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014563:Urodynamics