title: An integrated instrument for rapidly deforming living cells using rapid pressure pulses and simultaneously monitoring applied strain in near real time.
abstract: Because many types of living cells are sensitive to applied strain, different in vitro models have been designed to elucidate the cellular and subcellular processes that respond to mechanical deformation at both the cell and tissue level. Our focus was to improve upon an already established strain system to make it capable of independently monitoring the deflection and applied pressure delivered to specific wells of a commercially available, deformable multiwell culture plate. To accomplish this, we devised a custom frame that was capable of mounting deformable 6 or 24 well plates, a pressurization system that could load wells within the plates, and a camera-based imaging system which was capable of capturing strain responses at a sufficiently high frame rate. The system used a user defined program constructed in Labview(®) to trigger plate pressurization while simultaneously allowing the deflection of the silicone elastomeric plate bottoms to be imaged in near real time. With this system, up to six wells could be pulsed simultaneously using compressed air or nitrogen. Digital image capture allowed near-real time monitoring of applied strain, strain rate, and the cell loading profiles. Although our ultimate goal is to determine how different strain rates applied to neurons modulates their intrinsic biochemical cascades, the same platform technology could be readily applied to other systems. Combining commercially available, deformable multiwell plates with a simple instrument having the monitoring capabilities described here should permit near real time calculations of stretch-induced membrane strain in multiple wells in real time for a wide variety of applications, including high throughput drug screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Goforth
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Satin
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Love
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002462:Cell Membrane; D002470:Cell Survival; D004867:Equipment Design; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D018511:Systems Integration; D013997:Time Factors