title: Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003-2006.
abstract: Dietary supplement use has steadily increased over time since the 1970s; however, no current data exist for the U.S. population. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to estimate dietary supplement use using the NHANES 2003-2006, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Dietary supplement use was analyzed for the U.S. population (≥1 y of age) by the DRI age groupings. Supplement use was measured through a questionnaire and was reported by 49% of the U.S. population (44% of males, 53% of females). Multivitamin-multimineral use was the most frequently reported dietary supplement (33%). The majority of people reported taking only 1 dietary supplement and did so on a daily basis. Dietary supplement use was lowest in obese adults and highest among non-Hispanic whites, older adults, and those with more than a high-school education. Between 28 and 30% reported using dietary supplements containing vitamins B-6, B-12, C, A, and E; 18-19% reported using iron, selenium, and chromium; and 26-27% reported using zinc- and magnesium-containing supplements. Botanical supplement use was more common in older than in younger age groups and was lowest in those aged 1-13 y but was reported by ~20% of adults. About one-half of the U.S. population and 70% of adults ≥ 71 y use dietary supplements; one-third use multivitamin-multimineral dietary supplements. Given the widespread use of supplements, data should be included with nutrient intakes from foods to correctly determine total nutrient exposure.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA. baileyr@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Regan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Jaime J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gahche
authors.forename: Cindy V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Lentino
authors.forename: Johanna T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Jody S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sempos
authors.forename: Mary Frances
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Picciano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D010936:Plant Extracts