title: Continuous infusion versus single bolus popliteal block following major ankle and hindfoot surgery: a prospective, randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Popliteal sciatic nerve blockade is a commonly used technique employed in the management of postoperative pain following foot and ankle surgery. Recent studies have shown that for outpatient surgery, for moderately painful procedures, a continuous infusion of local anesthesia via an in-dwelling catheter for 48 to 72 hours leads to reduced opiate analgesic requirements and improved pain and patient satisfaction scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of a continuous infusion of bupivacaine verses normal saline via a popliteal catheter after a single bolus popliteal block for 72 hours after major ankle and hind foot surgery was performed in 54 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average pain scores overall were low (range, 1.1 to 3.6 on a Visual Analogue Scale of 0 to 10) throughout the study period. Statistically significantly lower pain scores with significantly less requirement for supplementary opiate analgesic agents were seen in the treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the statistically significant findings, with such low pain scores in both groups, we believe it remains debatable whether the extra time and cost involved warrants the use of a continuous popliteal blockade over a single bolus injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: James Df
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Calder
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000842:Ankle / Q000601:surgery; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009407:Nerve Block; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine