title: Laparoendoscopic Pfannenstiel nephrectomy using conventional laparoscopic instruments--preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the feasibility of the laparoendoscopic Pfannenstiel nephrectomy using conventional laparoscopic instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since March 2009, laparoscopic nephrectomy through a Pfannenstiel incision has been performed in selected patients in our service. The Veress needle was placed through the umbilicus which allowed carbon dioxide inflow. One 5 mm (or 10 mm) trocar was placed at the umbilicus for the laparoscope, to guide the placement of three trocars over the Pfannenstiel incision. Additional trocars were placed as follows: a 10 mm in the midline, a 10 mm ipsilateral to the kidney to be removed (2 cm away from the middle one), and a 5 mm contralateral to the kidney to be removed (2 cm away from the middle one). The entire procedure was performed using conventional laparoscopic instruments. At the end of the surgery, trocars were removed and all three incisions were united into a single Pfannenstiel incision for specimen retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five nephrectomies were performed following this technique: one atrophic kidney, one kidney donation, two renal cancers and one bilateral renal atrophy. Median operative time was 100 minutes and median intraoperative blood loss was 100 cc. No intraoperative complications occurred and no patients required blood transfusion. Median length of hospital stay was 1 day (range 1 to 2 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the Pfannenstiel incision for laparoscopic nephrectomy seems to be feasible even when using conventional laparoscopic instruments, and can be considered a potential alternative for traditional laparoscopic nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Cruz Vermelha Hospital, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anibal W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Luciano C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stunitz
authors.forename: Jarbas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Alcides J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Branco Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome