title: Improving schoolchildren's knowledge of methods for the prevention and management of low back pain: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: METHODS
  Cluster randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a very simple education campaign among community-dwelling 8-year-old schoolchildren.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Information has a positive effect on low back pain (LBP) prevention and management. There is sparse evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of education campaigns focusing on LBP among young schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified random sample of 12 schools was randomized to an intervention and a control group. Eight-year-old schoolchildren from these schools were given a questionnaire on LBP prevention and management at baseline, and 15 and 98 days later. On day 8, teachers in the intervention group gave the schoolchildren a Comic Book of the Back, while no intervention was carried out in the control group. After adjusting by possible confounders, generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were developed to calculate the probability of "success" (a score over 80% of the maximum possible one).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six schools (231 children, 46.5%) were assigned to the control group, and 6 (266 children, 53.5%) to the intervention one. At baseline, the percentage of correct answers was above 73% in both groups, with 8 as a median total score in the control group and 7 in the intervention group. GEE showed that the odds ratio for success in the intervention group, when compared with the control group, was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.03-2.52, P = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The handing out of a Comic Book of the Back slightly improves children's knowledge of appropriate methods for the prevention and management of LBP, and the effect remains significant 3 months after intervention.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Científico. Fundación Kovacs, Palma de Mallorca. Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Malén
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliver-Frontera
authors.forename: María N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Plana
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Royuela
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muriel
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gestoso
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors