title: Performance of supraglottic airway devices and 12 month skill retention: a randomized controlled study with manikins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Airway management for successful ventilation by laypersons and inexperienced healthcare providers is difficult to achieve. Bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation requires extensive training and is performed poorly. Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have been successfully introduced to clinical resuscitation practice as an alternative. We evaluated recently introduced (i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™) and established SADs (LMA-Unique™, LMA-ProSeal™) and BVM used by laypeople in training sessions on manikins.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled study, 267 third-year medical students participated with informed consent and IRB approval. After brief standardized training, each participant applied all devices in a randomized order. Success of device application and ventilation was recorded. Without further training, skill retention was assessed in the same manner 12 months later. Outcome parameters were the number of application attempts, application time, tidal volume and gastric inflation rate recorded at successful attempts, and subjective ease-of-use rating by the participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™ were the most successful in the first attempt at both assessments and in the subjective ease-of-use rating. The shortest application time was found with BVM (8 ± 5s in 2008 vs. 9 ± 5s in 2009) and i-gel (10 ± 3s vs. 12 ± 5s). Tidal volumes were disappointing with no device reaching 50% volume within the recommended range (0.4-0.6L). Gastric inflation rate was highest with BVM (18% vs. 20%) but significantly lower with all SADs (0.4-6%; p < 0.001 for 2008 and 2009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SADs showed clear advantages over BVM. Compared with LMA-Unique™ and LMA-ProSeal™, i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™ led to higher first-attempt success rates and a shorter application time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Control, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. henrik.fischer@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hochbrugger
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fast
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinlechner
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koinig
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eisenburger
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frantal
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greif
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management / Q000295:instrumentation; D008348:Manikins; D008397:Masks; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D013337:Students, Medical; D013997:Time Factors