title: Chronic periodontitis and C-reactive protein levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to analyze the relationship between chronic periodontitis and C-reactive protein (CRP) by considering associated variables in individuals with or without cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 359 individuals of both sexes (aged ≥40 years) was assessed. Among these individuals, 144 subjects were admitted to the hospital because of a first occurrence of acute myocardial infarction; 80 subjects were in the hospital for reasons other than acute myocardial infarction; and 135 subjects were living in the community. A questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Complete clinical periodontal examinations and anthropometric assessments were performed. CRP levels, plasma glucose levels, lipid profiles, and blood tests were performed to investigate any conditions that might have suggested infection and/or inflammation. CRP evaluations were performed using nephelometry. Individuals were considered to have periodontal disease if they simultaneously presented at least four teeth with one or more sites with probing depth ≥4 mm, clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm, and bleeding on probing. Procedures for descriptive analyses and logistic regression were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the chronic periodontitis group, mean CRP levels were higher than those in the group without chronic periodontitis (2.6 ± 2.6 mg/L versus 1.78 ± 2.7 mg/L, respectively). The final model showed that individuals with chronic periodontitis were more likely to have high CRP levels (adjusted odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 3.93) considering the effects of age, schooling level, sex, smoking, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, chronic periodontitis is associated with elevated plasma CRP levels, even after controlling for several potential confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaac Suzart
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gomes-Filho
authors.forename: Julita Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Freitas Coelho
authors.forename: Simone Seixas
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: da Cruz
authors.forename: Johelle Santana
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.forename: Camila Oliveira
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Teixeira de Freitas
authors.forename: Naiara Silva
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Aragão Farias
authors.forename: Ruany
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amorim da Silva
authors.forename: Milena Novais
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Silva Pereira
authors.forename: Thiago Lopes
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Maurício Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol