title: Assessment and modulation of neural plasticity in rehabilitation with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
abstract: Despite intensive efforts to improve outcomes after acquired brain injury, functional recovery is often limited. One reason for this limitation is the challenge in assessing and guiding plasticity after brain injury. In this context, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive tool of brain stimulation, could play a major role. TMS has been shown to be a reliable tool for measuring plastic changes in the motor cortex associated with interventions in the motor system, such as motor training and motor cortex stimulation. In addition, as illustrated by the experience in promoting recovery from stroke, TMS is a promising therapeutic tool to minimize motor, speech, cognitive, and mood deficits. In this review, we will focus on stroke to discuss how TMS can provide insights into the mechanisms of neurologic recovery and how it can be used for measurement and modulation of plasticity after an acquired brain insult.
authors.affiliation: Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.forename: Kayleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fregni
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods