title: Lead induces oxidative stress and phenotypic markers of apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: In the present work, the mode of cell death induced by Pb in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Yeast cells Pb-exposed, up to 6 h, loss progressively the capacity to proliferate and maintained the membrane integrity evaluated by the fluorescent probes bis(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid trimethine oxonol) and propidium iodide. Pb-induced death is an active process, requiring the participation of cellular metabolism, since the simultaneous addition of cycloheximide attenuated the loss of cell proliferation capacity. Cells exposed to Pb accumulated intracellularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), evaluated by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The addition of ascorbic acid (a ROS scavenger) strongly reduced the oxidative stress and impaired the loss of proliferation capacity in Pb-treated cells. Pb-exposed cells displayed nuclear morphological alterations, like chromatin fragmentation, as revealed by diaminophenylindole staining. Together, the data obtained indicate that yeast cells exposition to 1 mmol/l Pb results in severe oxidative stress which can be the trigger of programmed cell death by apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Superior Institute of Engineering from Porto Polytechnic Institute, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jurrian Vanden
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bussche
authors.forename: Eduardo V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010641:Phenotype; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: C110400:2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; D002843:Chromatin; D005452:Fluoresceins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007854:Lead; D003513:Cycloheximide; D001205:Ascorbic Acid