title: In vitro evaluation of color replication of metal ceramic specimens using visual and instrumental color determinations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It remains unclear whether or not the performance of intraoral colorimetric devices is accurate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color replication of metal ceramics using an intraoral colorimeter and visual shade determination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five metal ceramic specimens were prepared to match 5 different shades (A1, B1, C3, D3, A3.5) of the Vitapan Classical shade guide. Five clinicians determined the shades of the specimens using the same shade guide. The shade determination was based on the agreement of at least 3 of the 5 observers. Instrumental shade determinations were made with an intraoral colorimeter (ShadeEye NCC) to obtain results in terms of the Vitapan Classical shade guide. Based on these shade determinations, 50 additional metal ceramic specimens (25 visually determined and 25 instrumentally determined) were prepared. The master (initial) and definitive (additional) specimens were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. L*, a*, b* values of each specimen were measured, and the color difference between the master and definitive specimens was calculated. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the color difference (ΔE) values (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual shade determination produced lower ΔE values than instrumental shade determination. The differences between ΔE values of different shade determination methods were significant for master specimens of the shades B1 and A3.5 (P=.02). The ΔE value calculated from the result of instrumental determination of shade B1 (ΔE=2.97) was within the clinically acceptable limit (ΔE=3.5), whereas the ΔE value for A3.5 (4.03) exceeded the limit for clinical acceptability. The ΔE values for C3 exceeded the acceptable limit for both shade determination methods (ΔE>3.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Color replication of metal ceramic specimens using visual shade determination was more accurate compared to instrumental shade determination. The replication of the high-value shades (A₁-B₁) was observed to be reliable with both shade determination methods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA. vslsrn@gmail.com
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karaagaclioglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C080305:Vita VMK 595; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C022088:silicon carbide