title: Level and origin of 129I and 137Cs in lichen samples (Cladonia alpestris) in central Sweden.
abstract: Lichen is a symbiosis between algae and fungi. They have for decades been used as bioindicators for atmospheric deposition of heavy metals, organic compounds and radioactive elements. Especially the species Cladonia alpestris and Cladonia rangiferina are important for the food chain lichen-reindeer-man. The concentration of (129)I was determined in lichen samples (Cladonia alpestris) contaminated by fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests explosions and the Chernobyl accident. The samples were collected at Lake Rogen District (62.3°N, 12.4°E) in central Sweden in the periods 1961-1975 and 1987-1998, and analysed with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at CNA (Seville) to study its distribution in different layers. Data on the (137)Cs activity measured previously were also included in this study. The (129)I concentration ranged from (0.95 ± 0.13) × 10(8) at g(-1) in 1961 in the uppermost layer to (14.2 ± 0.5) × 10(8) at g(-1) in 1987 in deepest layer. The (129)I/(137)Cs atom ratio ranged between 0.12 and 0.27 for lichen samples collected in the period 1961-1975, indicating weapons tests fallout. For lichen samples collected between 1987 and 1998 the behaviour of (137)Cs concentrations reflected Chernobyl fallout. The concentrations of the two radionuclides followed each other quite well in the profile, reflecting the same origin for both. From the point of view of the spatial distribution in the lichen, it appears that (129)I was predominantly accumulated in the lowest layer, the opposite to (137)Cs for which the highest amounts were detected systematically in the topmost layer of lichen. This vertical distribution is important for radioecology because lichen is the initial link in the food chain lichen-reindeer-man, and reindeer only graze the upper parts of lichen carpets.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Unit, Avenida Tomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de Cartuja, Seville, Spain. jm_gomez@us.es
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gómez-Guzmán
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: López-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pinto-Gómez
mesh_terms: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D047852:Chernobyl Nuclear Accident; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes