title: A randomized study of a novel Zen dialogue method for producing spiritual and well-being enhancement: implications for end-of-life care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that a novel Zen dialogue-based method can bring about significant improvements in spiritual, meditation, and well-being parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pretest-posttest design was used with participants being randomly assigned to either treatment or no treatment group at the Zen Center. The participants were 14 females and 2 males within each group with no prior formal Zen or meditation training. Those participants in the treatment group received intensive interaction for 1 day with an experienced Zen teacher using a dialogue method to induce a deep meditative state without instruction in formal meditation sitting practice. The outcome was measured with multiple previously standardized instruments designed to assess meditation states, well-being, and spirituality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups for all parameters measured. In addition, the meditative state measure suggested qualities consistent with deep meditation experiences. The results justify further investigation of the technique as a rapid spiritual intervention tool particularly for clients facing end-of-life issues.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Health Sciences Center MEG Lab & College of Nursing, 729 Arapeen Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. Michael.johnson@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009736:Nursing Process; D011594:Psychometrics; D026443:Spiritual Therapies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000451:nursing*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome