title: Coreceptors and HIV-1 pathogenesis.
abstract: The major HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, mediate virus entry into CD4+ cells and are therefore a critical component of the HIV-1 life cycle. Alterations in coreceptor preference as well as the efficiency and mechanism of interaction between HIV-1 and CCR5 and/or CXCR4 has a significant influence on viral tropism, progression of disease, and response to coreceptor antagonists. In addition, these alterations influence the susceptibility of CD4+ T-cell, monocyte, and dendritic cell subsets to infection and therefore, are important for several facets of HIV-1 pathogenesis including the establishment of latent reservoirs, trafficking, and transmission. This review highlights recent literature that has advanced our understanding of the role of coreceptors in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. gorry@burnet.edu.au
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gorry
authors.forename: Petronela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ancuta
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4