title: Influence of metals on cytokines production in connection with successful implantation therapy in dentistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In most of patients in need of implantation treatment in the oral cavity, implants heal well, nevertheless, there are some individuals, in whom titanium implants fail for reasons, which remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of our study was to determine if there is a difference between metal influenced IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines production in patients with successfully healed implants compared to those, whose implant therapy was unsuccessful.
  
  
  METHODS
  The two study groups included 12 patients with failed dental titanium implants and 9 patients with successfully healed implants. In the subjects, cytokine production was established after lymphocyte cultivation with mercury, nickel and titanium antigens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1β levels were significantly increased in all patients after stimulation with titanium and in patients with accepted implants compared to patients with failed implants after the stimulation with mercury and titanium. Titanium caused significantly increased IL-6 production in all patients. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also significantly increased after the stimulation with titanium. Significantly increased TNF-α levels were found in patients with accepted implants as compared to patients with failed implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased production of IL-1β a IL-6 cytokines in reaction to titanium and increased production of TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines in reaction to mercury, which is very often present in the form of amalgam in the oral cavity of persons in need of implant therapy, can play an important role in immune reactions during implant healing process. In patients with failed titanium implants, decreased production of these cytokines may participate in implant failure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Research, 1st Faculty of Medicine and GUH, Prague, Czech Republic. podzimek@vus.cz
authors.forename: Stepan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Podzimek
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomka
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Himmlova
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matucha
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prochazkova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000276:immunology; D008670:Metals / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000276:immunology; D014025:Titanium / Q000276:immunology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015921:Dental Implants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008670:Metals; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009532:Nickel; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014025:Titanium; D008628:Mercury