title: A new estradiol-dienogest oral contraceptive marks "The Pill's" 50th anniversary.
abstract: Oral contraceptive pills were first approved by the Food and Drug Administration 50 years ago. Discovery of the physiology of reproduction and demonstration of the ability to inhibit ovulation with ovarian extracts laid the early groundwork for the development of contraceptives. Later, characterization of the hormones controlling ovulation and synthesis of progestins allowed production of oral contraceptives. Modern estrogen and progestin pills have undergone significant changes since their initial introduction. New formulations have been developed, doses have been lowered, and extended use introduced. The Food and Drug Administration has recently approved a new oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate and dienogest. This pill contains an orally active estradiol in combination with a progestin with strong endometrial activity. The decreasing estrogen dose combined with an increasing progestin dose decreases the risk of break through bleeding when compared to previous estradiol valerate formulations. The contraceptive efficacy and a tolerability of this new pill are similar to currently marketed low dose combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lisa.keder@osumc.edu
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Keder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017277:Drug Approval; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011372:Progestins; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; C023635:dienogest; D004958:Estradiol; D009277:Nandrolone