title: Coffee, tea and their additives: association with BMI and waist circumference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to perform a detailed analysis how: i) the frequency of coffee/tea consumption and ii) the use of additives in coffee/tea is associated with measures of total and abdominal obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  3,823 participants of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. Obesity was assessed by BMI and waist circumference (WC). Coffee and tea consumption and use of additives were assessed by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coffee consumption was not related to BMI or WC in either gender. However, men who drank ≥2 cups of tea per day had lower BMI (25.9 vs. 28.0 kg/m(2)) and WC (95.2 vs. 101.32 cm) values than men who never drank drink tea (p ≤ 0.05). The associations between tea consumption and BMI or WC were no longer significant after adjustment for additive use. Coffee/tea drinkers who used artificial sweeteners had larger (p ≤ 0.05) BMIs than coffee/tea drinkers who did not use sweeteners (28.2 vs. 27.1 kg/m(2) in men, 28.4 vs. 27.1 kg/m(2) in women).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency of coffee/tea consumption was not associated with measures of obesity because additive use explained the association between tea consumption and obesity in men. Artificial sweetener use within coffee/tea was associated with higher BMI.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. Danielle.Bouchard@usherbroooke.ca
authors.forename: Danielle R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013662:Tea