title: The effects of orthodontic movement on a subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of gingival recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to report on the five-year follow-up of a case involving treatment of gingival recession with a subepithelial connective tissue graft prior to orthodontic tooth movement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Gingival recession has a global prevalence that varies from 3 to 100 percent depending on the population studied and the method of analysis. In addition, the frequency of recession seems to be positively correlated with age. Planned orthodontic tooth movement is not necessarily an etiological factor for gingival recession, so long as it does not move the tooth out of its alveolar process. When the tooth is shifted without adequate biomechanical control, bone dehiscence can develop, and the recession can occur as a consequence of the orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 19.6-year-old female patient was referred for orthodontic treatment due to severe anterior-inferior dental crowding and a mandibular right lateral incisor in linguoverson and 4.0 mm of gingival recession on the labial surface. Normal gingival architecture was restored with a subepithelial connective tissue graft used to cover the 4.0 mm defect, after which orthodontic treatment repositioned the malposed incisor into its correct occlusal alignment. Individualized torque was applied to the mandibular right central incisor during the orthodontic treatment. The patient was reevaluated five years after completion of the orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the five-year recall appointment, the patient exhibited normal tooth alignment and generalized normal gingival architecture; however, 2 mm of gingival recession was noted on the graft site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case demonstrated that periodontal surgical correction of facial gingival recession with a subepithelial graft may be performed prior to initiating orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Dentistry Program of Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. tanakaom@gmail.com
authors.forename: Orlando Motohiro
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Ana Leticia Rocha
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Gabriela Molina
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia Galacini
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Añez
authors.forename: Ivan Pedro
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Taffarel
mesh_terms: D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000601:surgery*; D005893:Gingivoplasty / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult