title: Knowledge and information needs of young people with epilepsy and their parents: Mixed-method systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young people with neurological impairments such as epilepsy are known to receive less adequate services compared to young people with other long-term conditions. The time (age 13-19 years) around transition to adult services is particularly important in facilitating young people's self-care and ongoing management. There are epilepsy specific, biological and psycho-social factors that act as barriers and enablers to information exchange and nurturing of self-care practices. Review objectives were to identify what is known to be effective in delivering information to young people age 13-19 years with epilepsy and their parents, to describe their experiences of information exchange in healthcare contexts, and to identify factors influencing positive and negative healthcare communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information Coordinating Centre systematic mixed-method approach was adapted to locate, appraise, extract and synthesise evidence. We used Ley's cognitive hypothetical model of communication and subsequently developed a theoretical framework explaining information exchange in healthcare contexts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young people and parents believed that healthcare professionals were only interested in medical management. Young people felt that discussions about their epilepsy primarily occurred between professionals and parents. Epilepsy information that young people obtained from parents or from their own efforts increased the risk of epilepsy misconceptions. Accurate epilepsy knowledge aided psychosocial adjustment. There is some evidence that interventions, when delivered in a structured psycho-educational, age appropriate way, increased young people's epilepsy knowledge, with positive trend to improving quality of life. We used mainly qualitative and mixed-method evidence to develop a theoretical framework explaining information exchange in clinical encounters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a paucity of evidence reporting effective interventions, and the most effective ways of delivering information/education in healthcare contexts. No studies indicated if improvement was sustained over time and whether increased knowledge was effective in improving in self-care. Current models of facilitating information exchange and self-care around transition are not working well. There is an urgent need for further studies to develop and evaluate interventions to facilitate successful information exchange, and follow young people over time to see if interventions showing early promise are effective in the medium to long-term.
authors.affiliation: Room 1021, 1st Floor, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan LL18 5UJ, UK. SheilaALewis@aol.com
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noyes
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mackereth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult