title: Guar gum, xanthan gum, and HPMC can define release mechanisms and sustain release of propranolol hydrochloride.
abstract: The objectives were to characterize propranolol hydrochloride-loaded matrix tablets using guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as rate-retarding polymers. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation using these polymers alone and in combination, and physical properties of the granules and tablets were studied. Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastric and intestinal media. Rugged tablets with appropriate physical properties were obtained. Empirical and semi-empirical models were fit to release data to elucidate release mechanisms. Guar gum alone was unable to control drug release until a 1:3 drug/gum ratio, where the release pattern matched a Higuchi profile. Matrix tablets incorporating HPMC provided near zero-order release over 12 h and erosion was a contributing mechanism. Combinations of HPMC with guar or xanthan gum resulted in a Higuchi release profile, revealing the dominance of the high viscosity gel formed by HPMC. As the single rate-retarding polymer, xanthan gum retarded release over 24 h and the Higuchi model best fit the data. When mixed with guar gum, at 10% or 20% xanthan levels, xanthan gum was unable to control release. However, tablets containing 30% guar gum and 30% xanthan gum behaved as if xanthan gum was the sole rate-retarding gum and drug was released by Fickian diffusion. Release profiles from certain tablets match 12-h literature profiles and the 24-h profile of Inderal(®) LA. The results confirm that guar gum, xanthan gum, and HPMC can be used for the successful preparation of sustained release oral propranolol hydrochoride tablets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Akhlaq
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mughal
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Steven Henry
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Neau
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose; D011433:Propranolol; C007894:guar gum; D007785:Lactose; C002563:xanthan gum