title: [Interactive effect of spent mushroom compost and rhamnolipids to enhance the efficiency of alfalfa remediation of aged PAHs contaminated soil].
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of the most widespread organic pollutants, which distributed widely in soil and sediment. Pot experiment was conducted to improve efficiency of phytoremediation using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in aged PAHs contaminated soil by introducing spent mushroom compost and rhamnolipids. Plant biomass, PAHs concentrations, number of soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial functional diversity were determined after 60 days of alfalfa growth. The results showed that within 60 days, removal ratio of PAHs in treatment of alfalfa alone (AL) reached to 14.43%, while removal ratio of PAHs in treatments of "GZ + RH0.5, + AL" and "GZ + RH1.0 + AL" reached to 32.64% and 36.95%, which were 115.45% and 156.06% higher than that of phytoremediation. Contrasted to the control, the treatment of "GZ + RH1.0 + AL" had more plant biomass than others, shoot and root dry weight were 1.05 g/pot and 0.20 g/pot, respectively. During the process of phytoremediation, the number of soil bacteria and fungi were greatly increased by "GZ + RH1.0 + AL" and reached to 31.37 x 10(6) CFU x g(-1) and 5.86 x 10(6) CFU x g(-1), especially the number of PAHs-degrading bacteria reached to 39.57 x 10(5) MPN x g(-1), which were 29 times more than control treatment and 4 times more than treatment of alfalfa alone (AL). Moreover, soil dehydrogenase activity and the functional diversity of soil microbial community were increased significantly by the treatment of "GZ + RH1.0 + AL", respectively. Therefore, interaction of spent mushroom compost and rhamnolipids to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency had satisfied results in removal aged PAHs from an agricultural soil, the feasibility of this method needed to be further proved by large-area scale field experiment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. zhangj79@issas.ac.cn
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xian-Gui
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xuan-Zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000378:metabolism*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006017:Glycolipids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C418382:rhamnolipid