title: 4D traction force microscopy reveals asymmetric cortical forces in migrating Dictyostelium cells.
abstract: We present a 4D (x; y; z; t) force map of Dictyostelium cells crawling on a soft gel substrate. Vertical forces are of the same order as the tangential ones. The cells pull the substratum upward along the cell, medium, or substratum contact line and push it downward under the cell except for the pseudopods. We demonstrate quantitatively that the variations in the asymmetry in cortical forces correlates with the variations of the direction and speed of cell displacement.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, F-69000, France. helene.ayari@univ-lyon1.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delanoë-Ayari
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rieu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D005453:Fluorescence; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers