title: A high accumulation of hair minerals in Mongolian people: 2(nd) report; influence of manganese, iron, lead, cadmium and aluminum to oxidative stress, Parkinsonism and arthritis.
abstract: It was previously reported that the hair of Mongolian people showed very high accumulation of manganese (Mn), which may increase oxidative stress. This study (2(nd) report), indicated that not only Mn but other minerals had also accumulated at high levels in hair. It describes the influence of these minerals on oxidative stress, Parkinson's disease-like symptom (Parkinsonism) and arthritis, these diseases being prevalent in Mongolia.
  
  
  METHODS
  299 subjects were enrolled (including 21; Parkinsonism and 25; arthritis) from Ulaanbaatar and 5 other areas in Mongolia. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The minerals accumulated in scalp hair were measured by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. As a control, 81 healthy Japanese subjects were enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mongolian subjects showed high accumulated levels of Mn, iron, lead, cadmium and aluminum accumulations in hair, as compared with Japanese subjects. These levels were correlated with urinary 8-OHdG levels. The subjects with Parkinsonism and arthritis demonstrated higher levels in these minerals than healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High accumulations of these minerals may increase oxidative stress in Mongolian people, and induce Parkinsonism and arthritis through the high oxidative stress. The high accumulations of these minerals may be induced by eating large amounts of sheep meat. In addition, sandy wind pollution may also contribute to it.
authors.affiliation: Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan. komatsu@eiyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Terue
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Ulziiburen
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chimedregzen
authors.forename: Baatar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Purvee
authors.forename: Jugder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otgon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001168:Arthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008986:Mongolia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D015995:Prevalence; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D012987:Soil; D002104:Cadmium; D014867:Water; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron