title: Electroconvulsive therapy and suicide among the mentally ill in England: a national clinical survey.
abstract: We aimed to determine the number and characteristics of psychiatric patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) who had subsequently died by suicide. Data were collected on an 8-year (1999-2006) sample of suicide cases in England who had been in recent contact with mental health services. Of 9752 suicides, 71 (1%) were being treated with ECT at the time of death. Although the number of patients who received ECT had fallen substantially over time, the rate of suicide in these individuals showed no clear decrease and averaged 9 deaths per year, or a rate of 10.8 per 10,000 patients treated. These suicide cases were typically older, with high rates of affective disorder and previous self-harm. They were more likely to be an in-patient at the time of death than other suicide cases. Nearly half of the community cases who had received ECT had died within 3 months of discharge. Our results demonstrated that the fall in the use of ECT has not affected suicide rates in patients receiving this treatment. Services appear to acknowledge the high risk of suicide in those receiving ECT. Improvements in care of these severely ill patients may include careful discharge planning and improved observation of in-patients in receipt of ECT.
authors.affiliation: School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Isabelle.m.hunt@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Isabelle M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Windfuhr
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Swinson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.forename: Nav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013405:Suicide