title: [HIV-1 co-receptor usage of patients experienced anti-retroviral therapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate HIV-1 co-receptor usage in patients experienced anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Anhui and Henan province of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 HIV-1 infected individuals who have experienced ART and 109 un-experienced ART patients from Anhui and Henan province, which were called as treatment group and treatment-negative group, were selected as study subjects. HIV-1 strains were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of whole blood from patients. HIV-1 p24 in the culture supernatant was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. HIV-1 co-receptor usage was identified using Ghost cell lines expressing CD4 and the chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 45 HIV strains from the treatment group, 22 (48.9%) strains used CCR5 as a co-receptor (R5 tropic strain), 21 (46.7%) strains used CXCR4/CCR5 as a co-receptor (X4/R5 duel tropic strain), and 2 (4.4%) used only CXCR4 as a co-receptor (X4 tropic strain). In 109 strains from treatment-negative group, 96 (88.1%) strains used CCR5 as a co-receptor (R5 tropic strain), 13 (11.9%) strains used CCR5/CXCR4 as a co-receptor use (X4/R5 strain). A significant difference was found between two groups in X4 co-receptor usages (χ(2) = 27.30, P < 0.05). Furthermore, after treated with AZT + DDI + NVP, the HIV-1 CXC4/CCR5 utilization was 59.09% (13/22), meanwhile after treated with D4T + DDI + NVP, the HIV-1 CXC4/CCR5 utilization was 43.48% (10/23), which the difference was not statistical significant (χ(2) = 1.10, P = 0.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1 CXCR4/CCR5 co-receptor utilization was higher in ART patients than treatment-negative patients.
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shui-ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei-si
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yu-lei
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yi-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Li-ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D015728:Receptors, HIV