title: Preemptive analgesic effectiveness of oral ketorolac plus local tramadol after impacted mandibular third molar surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare preemptive analgesia of oral ketorolac plus submucous local placebo with oral ketorolac plus submucous local tramadol after impacted mandibular third molar surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Patients were randomized into two treatment groups (n = 15 per group): group A, oral ketorolac 10 mg, 30 minutes before surgery plus submucous local placebo (1 mL saline solution); group B, oral ketorolac 10 mg, 30 minutes before surgery plus submucous local tramadol (50 mg diluted in 1 mL saline solution). We evaluated the intensity of pain, time for the first analgesic rescue medication, and total analgesic consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity, number of patients requiring analgesic rescue medication, number of patients in each group not requiring analgesic rescue medication, and total analgesic consumption showed statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preemptive use of oral ketorolac plus submucous local tramadol is an alternative treatment for acute pain after surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar.
authors.affiliation: Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Isiordia-Espinoza
authors.forename: Amaury J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pozos-Guillén
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rider
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Herrera-Abarca
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Urizar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000601:surgery*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014147:Tramadol; D020910:Ketorolac