title: Patient-related factors and complications after arthroscopic tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) has been reported to provide reliable pain relief and require little postoperative rehabilitation. Complications such as cosmetic deformity, decrease in elbow flexion strength, decrease in supination strength, and fatigue discomfort have been reported after tenotomy of the LHBT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the complications of arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHBT in the shoulder-specifically, cosmetic deformity, decreased elbow flexion strength, and a cramplike arm pain-and to identify the patient-related factors that affect the rate of complications after tenotomy, such as, age, sex, involvement of the dominant arm, and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  In sum, 132 patients were evaluated. They had a mean age of 63 years (range, 26 to 82 years) at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up of 21 months (range, 12 to 53 months). The presence of so-called Popeye deformity, a cramplike arm pain at resisted elbow flexion, and strength of elbow flexion were evaluated. The development of each complication was compared by age, sex, involvement of the dominant arm, and BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 132 patients, 60 (45%) had Popeye deformity, and it was significantly more frequent in men (76%) than women (31%) (P < .001). However, statistical analysis showed no difference in Popeye deformity frequency by age, arm dominance, or BMI. Male sex was found to be the only risk factor associated with the development of Popeye deformity, with an odds ratio of 10.21 versus women (95% confidence interval, 3.97 to 26.27; P < .001). Ten patients (8%) complained of a cramplike arm pain. Elbow flexion strength decreased in 60 patients (45%), although no intergroup differences were found for elbow flexion strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study showed a 45% prevalence of Popeye deformity and 8% cramplike arm pain on exertion after tenotomy of the LHBT. Among patient factors such as sex, age, dominant arm relation, and body mass index, the male sex was the only factor correlated with occurrence of a Popeye deformity. Other factors did not show any correlation with deformity, elbow flexion strength, and cramplike arm pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kang
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Jae Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome