title: The use of etoricoxib and celecoxib for pain prevention after periodontal surgery: a double-masked, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative pain is an adverse effect of periodontal surgeries and may therefore be prevented or minimized. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and etoricoxib, on pain prevention after periodontal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this double-masked, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, and randomized clinical trial, 56 open-flap debridement surgeries were performed. The groups received three different protocols 1 hour before surgery: 1) 200 mg celecoxib (and another 200 mg 12 hours after the first dose); 2) 120 mg etoricoxib; or 3) placebo. Pain intensity and discomfort were assessed up to 2 days after surgery using the visual analog scale and the four-point verbal rating scale, respectively. Patients were instructed to take 750 mg acetaminophen as a rescue medication if necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity levels in the etoricoxib group were lower than in the placebo group at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-hour periods after surgery (Kruskal-Wallis test; P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between celecoxib and etoricoxib. Discomfort in the celecoxib group was significantly lower than in the placebo group only at the 3-hour period (P = 0.03). Rescue medication intake was significantly less frequent in the etoricoxib group than in the placebo and celecoxib groups (analysis of variance; P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that a single etoricoxib dose is not superior to two split doses of celecoxib when used for pain prevention after open-flap debridement surgery.
authors.affiliation: Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joao Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: Fábio André
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gibson Luiz
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pilatti
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068579:Celecoxib; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003646:Debridement; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000077613:Etoricoxib; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010919:Placebos; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D010919:Placebos; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000068579:Celecoxib; D000077613:Etoricoxib