title: Quantifying fenbendazole and its metabolites in self-medicating wild red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus using an HPLC-MS-MS approach.
abstract: On red grouse estates in the UK the nematode parasite Trichostrongylus tenuis is often controlled by application of grit medicated with the anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ). To date, assessment of the efficacy has been inhibited by the inability to quantify uptake of FBZ by the birds. We have developed a simple and sensitive HPLC-MS-MS method for detecting and quantifying FBZ and its metabolites from a 300 mg sample of red grouse liver. This method could be used to improve the efficacy of medicated grit treatment by allowing the identification of conditions and application methods that optimize the uptake of FBZ. With the necessary modifications, our method will also be applicable to other wildlife species where self-medication is used for parasite control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. aileen.adam@glasgow.ac.uk
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Lucy M I
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Lukas F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Paul C D
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D005273:Fenbendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046094:Galliformes; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D005273:Fenbendazole