title: Markers of bladder cancer State of the art.
abstract: Biomarkers are increasingly being applied to the clinical management of patients with bladder cancer. The biomarkers in current clinical use focus on bladder cancer detection. Biomarkers for prognosis and as intermediate endpoints for chemoprevention are being evaluated in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the performance characteristics of current clinical markers and other markers that are currently under evaluation.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 110, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney