title: Effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning and cerebral metabolites in HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: We explored the possible augmenting effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) history on HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) associated neurocognitive complications. HIV-infected participants with self-reported history of definite TBI were compared to HIV patients without TBI history. Groups were equated for relevant demographic and HIV-associated characteristics. The TBI group evidenced significantly greater deficits in executive functioning and working memory. N-acetylaspartate, a putative marker of neuronal integrity, was significantly lower in the frontal gray matter and basal ganglia brain regions of the TBI group. Together, these results suggest an additional brain impact of TBI over that from HIV alone. One clinical implication is that HIV patients with TBI history may need to be monitored more closely for increased risk of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder signs or symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennema-Notestine
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCutchan
authors.forename: J Hampton
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgello
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate