title: Tetherin and its viral antagonists.
abstract: Restriction factors comprise an important layer of host defense to fight against viral infection. Some restriction factors are constitutively expressed whereas the majority is induced by interferon to elicit innate immunity. In addition to a number of well-characterized interferon-inducible antiviral factors such as RNaseL/OAS, ISG15, Mx, PKR, and ADAR, tetherin (BST-2/CD317/HM1.24) was recently discovered to block the release of enveloped viruses from the cell surface, which is regarded as a novel antiviral mechanism induced by interferon. Here, we briefly review the history of tetherin discovery, discuss how tetherin blocks virus production, and highlight the viral countermeasures to evade tetherin restriction.
authors.affiliation: McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.
authors.forename: Björn D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kuhl
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wainberg
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D014771:Virion / Q000502:physiology; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2