title: The effect of a carbohydrate beverage on the physiological responses during prolonged load carriage.
abstract: Effects of a carbohydrate beverage on the physiological responses to load carriage were examined. Ten fit male participants (age: 28 ± 9 years, body mass: 81.5 ± 10.5 kg, VO(2max): 55.0 ± 5.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) completed two test conditions in random order, walking on a treadmill (6.5 km h(-1)) for 120 min, carrying a 25-kg backpack. At 0 and 60 min of exercise participants consumed 250 mL of a placebo (flavoured water) (PLA) or 6.4% carbohydrate (CHO) beverage. There were no differences in VO(2,) respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate or EMG activity of m. rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m. semitendinosus and m. biceps femoris between conditions at minute 5 of exercise. The increase in VO(2) between minutes 5 and 120 was less during CHO than PLA (8 ± 5 vs. 14 ± 6%, P = 0.036). RER decreased during PLA, from 0.96 ± 0.05 at minute 5 to 0.87 ± 0.04 at minute 120 (P < 0.001), but not during CHO (P = 0.056). Heart rate increased between minutes 5 and 120 during PLA (16 ± 10%, P < 0.001) and CHO (12 ± 6%, P < 0.001), with no difference between conditions (P = 0.251). EMG peak RMS did not change between minutes 7 and 107 during PLA or CHO for the leg muscles. However, individual responses in EMG were highly variable (i.e. both increases and decreases in RMS). It was concluded that carbohydrate intake during load carriage reduced the VO(2) drift, which could be partially attributed to higher carbohydrate oxidation rates. Despite muscle fatigue/damage previously being identified as a cause of VO(2) drift, it appears that carbohydrate had no effect on neuromuscular responses during load carriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 6PE, UK. sam@optimalperformance.co.uk
authors.forename: Sam D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Blacker
authors.forename: Neil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Joanne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fallowfield
authors.forename: Mark E T
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects; D010919:Placebos; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D010919:Placebos