title: Oxygen (O2) kinetics during early recovery from peak exercise in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the oxygen (O(2)) kinetics during early recovery from peak exercise in patients with Type 2 diabetes and to examine whether oxygen O(2) recovery is associated with fasting glucose and HbA(1c) in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine participants (52 men) aged 51.8 ± 7.1 years (mean ± SD) were divided into three groups: normal weight (BMI ≤ 25.0 kg/m(2)), overweight/obese without diabetes (BMI ≥ 26 kg/m(2)) and overweight/obese with Type 2 diabetes. Participants were assessed for their aerobic power (VO(2peak)) on a cycle ergometer, provided a fasting blood sample and underwent a series of anthropometric measurements. Early recovery period was measured for 60 s from cessation of exercise and expressed as percentage of VO(2peak) (higher percentage represents slower recovery).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed for age between the three study groups. Both the overweight/obese groups without diabetes and with Type 2 diabetes had higher BMI than the normal weight group, with no significant differences between overweight/obese participants without diabetes and those with diabetes. Participants with Type 2 diabetes had lower VO(2peak) than overweight/obese participants without diabetes and normal weight individuals (19.6 ± 4.8, 22.6 ± 5.4 and 25.7 ± 5.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively, P < 0.004 for overall trends). Participants with Type 2 diabetes also had slower recovery in oxygen O(2) kinetics after exercise, compared with both normal weight and overweight/obese individuals without diabetes (56.5 ± 7.7, 49.2 ± 7.2, 47.7 ± 7.4%, P < 0.004 for overall trends). Multiple regression analysis revealed that percentage of oxygen O(2) recovery was a stronger predictor than VO(2peak), BMI or age for fasting glucose and HbA(1c).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with Type 2 diabetes have lower VO(2peak) and prolonged oxygen O(2) recovery from peak exercise. However, only prolonged oxygen O(2) recovery was associated with fasting glucose and HbA(1c).
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. itamar.levinger@vu.edu.au
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jerums
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selig
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin