title: Prevalence of genital Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Gardnerella, and human papillomavirus in Japanese men with urethritis, and risk factors for detection of urethral human papillomavirus infection.
abstract: To analyze the risk factors for HPV infection in the urethra, we examined the prevalence of various microorganisms, for example Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Gardnerella vaginalis, and human papillomavirus (HPV) in Japanese male patients with urethritis, and investigated their sexual backgrounds. Rubbed samples obtained from the distal urethra and questionnaires regarding sexual activity and demographic information were collected from 176 participants. N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, U. parvum, G. vaginalis, and HPV were detected in 19, 26, 18, 12, 12, 8.5, 14, and 20%, respectively, of all cases in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that more than 4 sexual partners within the last year and presence of N. gonorrhoeae and/or C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium infections were independent risk factors for urethral HPV infection, with odds ratios of 3.85 (95% CI 1.49-9.94) and 2.41 (95% CI 1.03-5.61), respectively. It is likely that urethral HPV detection is associated with current sexual activity and the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and/or M. genitalium infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan. kshigehara0415@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigehara
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furubayashi
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konaka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.forename: Eitetsu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namiki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014526:Urethritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology