title: Enzyme-immobilized nanofiltration membrane to mitigate biofouling based on quorum quenching.
abstract: Recently, enzymatic quorum quenching (in the form of a free enzyme or an immobilized form on a bead) was successfully applied to a submerged membrane bioreactor with a microfiltration membrane for wastewater treatment as a novel approach to control membrane biofouling. In this study, a quorum quenching enzyme (acylase) was directly immobilized onto a nanofiltration membrane to mitigate biofouling in a nanofiltration process. In a flow cell experiment, the acylase-immobilized membrane with quorum quenching activity prohibited the formation of mushroom-shaped mature biofilm due to the reduced secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The acylase-immobilized membrane maintained more than 90% of its initial enzyme activity for more than 20 iterative cycles of reaction and washing procedure. In the lab-scale continuous crossflow nanofiltration system operated at a constant pressure of 2 bar, the flux with the acylase-immobilized nanofiltration (NF) membrane was maintained at more than 90% of its initial flux after a 38-h operation, whereas that with the raw NF membrane decreased to 60% accompanied with severe biofouling. The quorum quenching activity of the acylase-immobilized membrane was also confirmed by visualizing the spatial distribution of cells and polysaccharides on the surface of each membrane using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) image analysis technique.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Chan
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyung-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: Sang-Ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chung-Hak
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D057219:Biofouling; D019149:Bioreactors; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005374:Filtration; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011312:Pressure; D053038:Quorum Sensing
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D008567:Membranes, Artificial