title: Angiogenesis and parasitic helminth-associated neovascularization.
abstract: Successful metazoan parasitism, among many other factors, requires a supply of nutrients and the removal of waste products. There is a prerequisite for a parasite-defined vasculature. The angiogenic mechanism(s) involved presumably depend on the characteristics of the tissue- and vascular system-dwelling, parasitic helminths. Simplistically, 2 possibilities or a combination of both have been considered in this review. The multifactorial induction of parasitic helminth-associated neovascularization could arise through, either a host-, a parasite- or a host-/parasite-dependent, angiogenic switch. Most studies appear to support the first and third hypotheses, but evidence exists for the intrahepatic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the intravascular trematode Schistosoma mansoni for the second inference. In contrast, the nematode anti-coagulant protein NAPc2 from adult Ancylostoma caninum is also an anti-angiogenic factor.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany. roger.d.dennis@googlemail.com
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000722:Ancylostoma / Q000472:pathogenicity; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002589:Cestoda / Q000472:pathogenicity; D048210:Echinococcus multilocularis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D006376:Helminths / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009348:Nematoda / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000469:parasitology*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014200:Trematoda / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents