title: [The effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure in patients with early diabetic kidney disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure (REE) and the relationships among REE, smoking, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study of 31 smokers and 40 non-smokers with early stage of diabetic kidney disease (stage III) were performed to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on REE. REE/fat free mass (FFM), biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inflammation high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, TNFα were also measured in these subjects. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-smokers, REE/FFM in smokers group was significantly increased by 15.96% (P = 0.001). Pearson analysis showed that smoking was significantly correlated with REE/FFM (t = 0.395, P = 0.001). There were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers in MDA, SOD and hs-CRP (P < 0.05). But no difference between two groups in adiponectin and TNFα (P > 0.05). No significant relationships between REE/FFM and MDA, SOD, hs-CRP, adiponectin, TNFα was found (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic smoking can lead to increased REE, arouse oxidative stress and inflammatory in patients with early stage of diabetic kidney disease. However, there is no relationship between increased REE due to smoking and oxidative stress and inflammatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-he
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Li-bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hai-peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein