title: Evaluation of a transgenic mouse model of multiple sclerosis with noninvasive methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ND4 transgenic mouse model of multiple sclerosis using noninvasive methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of neurologic/behavioral abnormalities was made using pattern electroretinogram (PERG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optic coherence tomography (OCT), and end point histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrophysiologic (PERG) recordings demonstrated functional deficits in vision commensurate with neurologic/behavioral abnormalities. In ND4 mice, the authors found PERG abnormalities preceded neurologic/gait abnormalities. MRI demonstrated subtle structural changes that progressed over time in correlation with behavioral abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ND4 mouse model has been evaluated using well-defined parameters of noninvasive methods (PERG, MRI, and OCT), enabling objective identification of functional and structural deficits and their correlation with neurologic/gait abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Mabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enriquez-Algeciras
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Tsung-Han
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Padgett
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Porciatti
authors.forename: Sanjoy K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*