title: The role of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients: a clinicopathological and molecular study of 46 cases.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in the etiopathogenesis of oral (OSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients (NSNDP). Twenty-four OSCCs and 22 OPSCCs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for p16(INK4a) protein (p16) expression and by chromogene in situ hybridization (CISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HR-HPV DNA presence. The series included 23 males and 23 females aged 35-93 years. p16 expression was seen in 7 out of 24 (29%) OSCCs and in 22 out of 22 (100%) OPSCCs. Using CISH, HR-HPV DNA was observed in 6 out of 24 (25%) OSCCs and in 21 out of 22 (95%) OPSCCs. HPV DNA was found in 3 out of 24 (13%) OSCCs and in 18 out of 22 (82%) OPSCCs using PCR. HPV 16 and 33 were detected in 16 and in two cases, respectively. Compared with OSCCs, OPSCCs more frequently showed basaloid morphology (p < 0.0001), lymph node involvement (p = 0.0063), diffuse p16 expression (p < 0.0001), HR-HPV DNA presence using both CISH and PCR (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001), and better outcome. The sensitivity and specificity of p16 expression for HR-HPV DNA presence detected by CISH were 0.89 and 0.95, respectively, and 0.95 and 0.85 for PCR detected HPV DNA. The sensitivity and specificity of CISH for PCR detected presence of HPV DNA were 1.00 and 0.73, respectively. Our study is the first larger study analyzing OSCC and OPSCC in NSNDP. Our results indicate that unlike OSCC, a vast majority of OPSCCs may be associated with HR-HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. lacoj@lfhk.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laco
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vosmikova
authors.forename: Vendula
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novakova
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Celakovsky
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dolezalova
authors.forename: Lubos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tucek
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nekvindova
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosmik
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cermakova
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral