title: [Experimental study on establishment of physiological micturition reflex arc for atonic bladder after spinal cord injury].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of establishment of physiological micturition reflex arc by simultaneously reconstructing the sensory and the motorial nerve of atonic bladder after spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight 1-year-old Beegle male canine were selected, weighing 7-12 kg. The left side was the experimental side, while the right side was the control side. Epidural microanastomosis of vertebral canal of the left L7 ventral root to S2 ventral root and L7 dorsal root to S2 dorsal root was performed to reconstruct the sensory and the motorial function of atomic bladder. The right side was used as a control without treatment. The new motor-to-motor, and sensory-to-sensory physiological bladder reflex pathway were established after 12 months of axonal regeneration. Then S1-4 segmental spinal cord was destroyed for preparation of complete paraplegia. The electrophysiological examination and the bladder pressure were detected before and after paraplegia. The canine micturition was observed for 3 months after paraplegia. Neurohistological observation was performed after canine sacrifice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 8 canine, 7 canine survived. After paraplegia, canines displayed urinary incontinence and frequent micturition at first, nocturnal continence was achieved gradually without frequent micturition after 1 month. Urinary infection at different degrees occurred in 3 canines and was controlled after Norfloxacin was administered orally. The bladder pressure increased to (1.00 +/- 0.13) kPa, (0.90 +/- 0.12) kPa after trains of stimulation (300 mV, 0.3 ms, 20 Hz, 5 seconds) of S2 dorsal root at the experimental side before and after paraplegia respectively, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). It increased to (1.90 +/- 0.10) kPa after the same train of stimulation of S2 dorsal root at control side. There was significant difference between the experimental side and the control side (P < 0.01). Single stimulation (300 mV, 0.3 ms) of the S2 dorsal root at the experimental side resulted in evoked potentials recorded from the left S2 ventral root before and after paraplegia. Before and after paraplegia, the amplitudes of the evoked potentials were (0.68 +/- 0.11) mV and (0.60 +/- 0.08) mV respectively, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). It was (1.21 +/- 0.13) mV while stimulating at the control side. There was significant difference between the experimental side and the control side (P < 0.01). Neurofibra of L7 dorsal and ventral root grew into S2 dorsal and ventral root on tissue slice under light microscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the bladder physiological micturition reflex arc is feasible by anastomosis of sacral dorsal and ventral root below injured spinal plane with the suprasacral survival dorsal and ventral root above the plane respectively for restoration of atonic bladder after spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Suqian, Drum Tower Hospital Group of Nanjing, Suqian Jiangsu 223800, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yucheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Aixiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhongqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D012018:Reflex; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014554:Urination