title: Analysis on migration and activation of live macrophages on transparent flat and nanostructured titanium.
abstract: The immunotoxicity of implanted nanostructured titanium is a paramount issue for vascular, dental and orthopedic applications. However, it has been unclear whether implanted surface nanostructures can inhibit or aggrevate inflammatory responses. Herein, macrophage activation, as evidence of migration, on transparent flat and nanostructured titanium correlated with pro-inflammatory protein synthesis and cytokine release. Through the real-time monitoring of initial cytoskeleton variations, this study identified that macrophage movement was restricted on nanostructured titanium compared to flat titanium surfaces. Furthermore, nanostructured titanium elicited secretion of fewer pro-inflammatory enzyme molecules and cytokines, as well as reduced nitric oxide production. All results collectively indicated that initial macrophage activation can be mitigated by nanoscale surface topography alone, without modification of surface chemistry or stiffness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University Medical School, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jungil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sangwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yeon-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Jonghan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Tae-Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dongwoo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017155:Wettability / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014025:Titanium; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases