title: Health inequalities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: lower healthy life expectancy in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated deprivation and inequalities in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by location in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a health survey of 576 adults in 2006. Census tracts were stratified by income level and categorization as a slum. We determined health status by degree of functional limitation, according to the approach proposed by the World Health Organization. We calculated healthy life expectancies by Sullivan's method with abridged life table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found the worst indicators in the slum stratum. The life expectancy at birth of men living in the richest parts of the city was 12.8 years longer than that of men living in deprived areas. For both men and women older than age 65 years, healthy life expectancy was more than twice as high in the richest sector as in the slum sector.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis detailed the excess burden of poor health experienced by disadvantaged populations of Rio de Janeiro. Policy efforts are needed to reduce social inequalities in health in this city, especially among the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Informações em Saúde, Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technologic Information in Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. celials@cict.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Célia Landmann
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Szwarcwald
authors.forename: Jurema Corrêa
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: da Mota
authors.forename: Giseli Nogueira
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Damacena
authors.forename: Tatiana Guimarães Sardinha
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D019352:Censuses; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008017:Life Expectancy; D015993:Life Tables; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population