title: Amino Acid substitutions in matrix, fusion and hemagglutinin proteins of wild measles virus for adaptation to vero cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wild-type measles virus (MV) is isolated in B95a but not in Vero cells. Through an adaptation process of wild-type MV to Vero cells, several amino acid substitutions were reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six strains were adapted to Vero cells and membrane (M), fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) genes were sequenced. Cell fusion was assessed and recombinant MVs were constructed, having wild-type H or M gene with or without mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No F gene substitution was noted. Amino-acid substitutions at positions 481 from Asn to Tyr (N481Y) and 546 from Ser to Gly (S546G) were observed in the H protein. Glu at position 89 of the M protein was substituted for Gly (E89G) and two mutations were noted at positions 62 (S62R) and 83 (S83P) in M protein. Recombinant viruses with mutation(s) detected in Vero-adapted strains induced a cytopathic effect and grew well in Vero cells, but those with the wild type did not. Recombinant viruses with mutation(s) demonstrated lower viral growth in B95a cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substitutions of E89G, S62R and S83P of the M protein were newly observed through adaptation to Vero cells, besides the mutations described in previous reports, with varying adaptation for each strain.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory for Measles, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ji Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komase
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D014709:Vero Cells; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; C032397:hemagglutinin protein G, measles virus