title: The effect of smoking status on the plasma concentration of prolactin already elevated by risperidone treatment in schizophrenia patients.
abstract: Smoking prevalence for schizophrenic patients is higher than for the general population. Inter-individual variability in hyperprolactinemia induced antipsychotics particularly risperidone can be explained by smoking status to some extent. We therefore studied the effects of smoking status on the plasma concentration of prolactin. Subjects included 154 schizophrenia patients (61 males, 93 females) who had received 3 mg of risperidone twice daily for at least 4 weeks. Sample collections were conducted 12 h after the bedtime dosing. The plasma concentrations of prolactin in the females were significantly higher than in the males (117.6±69.3 ng/ml vs. 52.9±30.7 ng/ml, p<0.001). The mean (±SD) plasma concentrations of prolactin did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers in the males (59.5±31.2 ng/ml vs. 47.6±29.3 ng/ml, not significant (ns)), but there was a significant difference in the females (100.2±59.1 vs. 134.0±74.6, ng/ml, p<0.05). Multiple regression analyses including gender, plasma drug concentration and age revealed that the plasma concentration of prolactin positively correlated with gender (standardized beta=0.452, p<0.001) and negatively with age (standardized beta=-0.171, p<0.05) and smoking status (standardized beta=-0.232, p<0.01). These findings suggest that smoking status has an impact on prolactin concentration during risperidone treatment. However, further study is required to determine whether these findings have clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui-Furukori
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukori
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchimine
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011388:Prolactin; D018967:Risperidone