title: Asialoglycoprotein receptor interacts with the preS1 domain of hepatitis B virus in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The preS1 domain of the large envelope protein has been identified as an essential viral structure involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) attachment. However, the cellular receptor(s) for HBV has not yet been identified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify a cell-surface receptor for HBV, which could elucidate the molecular mechanism of HBV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen proteins interacting with the preS1 region of HBV. Their interaction was verified by yeast cotransformation, coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay, while their intracellular and tissue localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) interacted specifically and directly with the preS1 domain of HBV in vivo and in vitro. The levels of expression of preS1 and ASGPR in the liver were similar and correlated with each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASGPR is a candidate receptor for HBV that mediates further steps of HBV entry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tian-yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yun-ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ying-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lie-xiu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-qin
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ying-ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shu-lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D053585:Virus Attachment
chemical_list: D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C050806:presurface protein 1, hepatitis B surface antigen