title: Nutrient intakes and dysglycaemia in populations of West African origin.
abstract: Examining the relationship between glucose intolerance and dietary intake in genetically similar populations with different dietary patterns and rates of type 2 diabetes may provide important insights into the role of diet in the pathogenesis of this disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between dietary variables and dysglycaemia/type 2 diabetes among three populations of African origin. The study design consists of a cross-sectional study of men and women of African descent aged 24-74 years from Cameroon (n 1790), Jamaica (n 857) and Manchester, UK (n 258) who were not known to have diabetes. Each participant had anthropometric measurements and underwent a 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Habitual dietary intake was estimated with quantitative FFQ, developed specifically for each country. The age-adjusted prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Cameroon was low (1·1 %), but it was higher in Jamaica (11·6 %) and the UK (12·6 %). Adjusted generalised linear and latent mixed models used to obtain OR indicated that each 1·0 % increment in energy from protein, total fat and saturated fats significantly increased the odds of type 2 diabetes by 9 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·16) %, 5 (95 % CI, 1·01, 1·08) % and 16 (95 % CI 1·08, 1·25) %, respectively. A 1 % increase in energy from carbohydrates and a 0·1 unit increment in the PUFA:SFA ratio were associated with significantly reduced odds of type 2 diabetes. The results show independent effects of dietary factors on hyperglycaemia in African origin populations. Whether modifying intake of specific macronutrients helps diabetes prevention needs testing in randomised trials.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Sciences Research Group, Core Technology Facility (3rd Floor), University of Manchester Medical School, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. simon.anderson@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Novie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Younger
authors.forename: Adrian H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: Marshall K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tulloch-Reid
authors.forename: Wiyumile P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Simukonda
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mbanya
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balkau
authors.forename: Sangita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Agatha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanya
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: Rainford
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.forename: J Kennedy
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000354:Africa, Western / Q000208:ethnology; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007563:Jamaica / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins