title: Toxicological responses of Cyprinus carpio exposed to the herbicide penoxsulam in rice field conditions.
abstract: Cyprinus carpio fish were exposed to penoxsulam (Ricer) in field conditions. The experiment in the rice field was carried out for 7, 21 and 72 days. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant profile were studied. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the brain was increased after 7 days and reduced after 21 and 72 days of the experiment in the rice field. The AChE activity in muscle was reduced only after 72 days of exposure. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive species were increased in the liver, brain and muscle at 7 days of the trial, reduced at 21 days in the brain and unaltered after 72 days of exposure in muscle. However, an increase in this parameter in the brain and liver was observed. Liver glutathione S-transferase was reduced at 7 days, unchanged at 21 days and increased after 72 days of exposure. Catalase of the liver changed only in the second experimental period, when it was reduced. Liver protein carbonyl was reduced at 7 days and increased at 21 and 72 days of exposure. This study shows long-term effects of rice herbicide at environmentally relevant concentrations on toxicological parameters in different tissues (brain, muscle and liver) of Cyprinus carpio.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clasen
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lucia Loro
authors.forename: Charlene Cavalheiro
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.forename: Candida
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toni
authors.forename: Luis Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Avila
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanella
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D012275:Oryza; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014529:Uridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D006540:Herbicides; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C504402:penoxsulam; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C029684:thiobarbituric acid; D014529:Uridine