title: Assessment of tumoricidal efficacy and response to treatment with 18F-FDG PET/CT after intraarterial infusion with the antiglycolytic agent 3-bromopyruvate in the VX2 model of liver tumor.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on tumor glucose metabolism as imaged with (18)F-FDG PET/CT at multiple time points after treatment and compare them with those after intraarterial control injections of saline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three New Zealand White rabbits implanted intrahepatically with VX2 tumors were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: 14 rabbits were assigned to the treatment group (TG) and 9 to the saline control group (SG). All animals were infused with 25 mL of either 1.75 mM 3-BrPA or saline over 1 h via a 2-French catheter, which was secured in the hepatic artery. For PET/CT, the animals were injected with 37 MBq of (18)F-FDG at 1 d before treatment and 2 h, 24 h, and 1 wk after treatment. Tumor size, tumor and liver maximal standardized uptake value (SUV(max)), and tumor-to-background ratios were calculated for all studies. Seven TG and 5 SG animals were sacrificed at 1 wk after treatment for histopathologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intense (18)F-FDG uptake was seen in untreated tumors. A significant reduction in tumor SUV(max) was noted in TG animals, when compared with SG animals, at 1 wk after treatment (P = 0.006). The tumor-to-liver background ratio in the TG animals, compared with the SG animals, was significantly reduced as early as 24 h after treatment (P = 0.01) and remained reduced at 1 wk (P = 0.003). Tumor SUV(max) increased from the baseline levels at 7 d in controls (P = 0.05). The histopathologic analysis of explanted livers revealed increased tumor necrosis in all TG samples. There was a significant inverse correlation (r(2) = 0.538, P = 0.005) between the percentage of tumor necrosis on histopathology and tumor SUV(max) on (18)F-FDG PET at 7 d after treatment with 3-BrPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraarterial injection of 3-BrPA resulted in markedly decreased (18)F-FDG uptake as imaged by PET/CT and increased tumor necrosis on histopathology at 1 wk after treatment in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor. PET/CT appears to be a useful means to follow antiglycolytic therapy with 3-BrPA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0817, USA.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liapi
authors.forename: Jean-Francois H
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vali
authors.forename: Afsheen A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prieto-Ventura
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.forename: Josephina A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vossen
authors.forename: Shanmugasudaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganapathy-Kanniappan
authors.forename: Shanmugasudaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganapathy
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wahl
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D011773:Pyruvates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C017092:bromopyruvate