title: Association between nasal shedding and fever that influenza A (H3N2) induces in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Avian origin canine influenza virus was reported in Korea. The dog to dog contact transmission of the avian origin canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 and CIV H3N8 was shown by experimental contact transmission. This study was focused on viral excretion and fever in order to elucidate the epidemiological associations which might be helpful to control the disease transmissions in CIV outbreak in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  An influenza seronegative 10-week-old Beagle dog was experimentally inoculated with the canine influenza virus A/canine/01/2007, subtype H3N2. Eight hours after inoculation, the infected dog was cohoused with seven uninfected Beagle dogs. Clinical signs including fever were recorded for 14 days post inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infected dog and four of seven contact dogs in the study showed clinical signs (sneezing, nasal discharge and coughing) during the study. Viral shedding occurred in all of the animals tested and began on 1 to 6 DPI in dogs with clinical signs. Elevated body temperatures above 39.5 °C (geometric mean temperature of 39.86 °C ± 0.49) were observed in all symptomatic dogs. The mean viral titer during fever was 2.99 log EID₅₀/ml, which was significantly higher than the viral titer detected in the non fever.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show that contact dogs with a canine influenza infected dog shed different levels of virus in their nasal excretions and demonstrate that clinical signs, including fever, significantly correlate with the viral shedding.
authors.affiliation: Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-806, Korea.
authors.forename: Daesub
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hyoungjoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kwonil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Minjoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Hyekwon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sangyoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dongjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Jinsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jongman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bongkyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bokyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype; D007723:Korea; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D017201:Virus Shedding