title: A pilot study of the accuracy of onsite immunoassay urinalysis of illicit drug use in seriously mentally ill outpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study investigated the accuracy of onsite immunoassay urinalysis of illicit drug use in 42 outpatients with co-occurring substance use disorders and serious mental illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Up to 40 urine samples were submitted by each participant as part of a larger study investigating the efficacy of contingency management in persons with co-occurring disorders. Each sample was analyzed for the presence of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, marijuana, and opiates or their metabolites using onsite qualitative immunoassays. One onsite urinalysis was randomly selected from each participant for confirmatory gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement between immunoassay and GC-MS was calculated. Agreement was high, with 98% agreement for amphetamine, methamphetamine, opiate, and marijuana. Agreement for cocaine was 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this pilot study support the use of onsite immunoassay screening cups as an assessment and outcome measure in adults with serious mental illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that onsite urinalysis screenings may be a helpful assessment tool for measuring clinical and research outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. mikemcd@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: McDonell
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugar
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rainey
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Srebnik
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roll
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods