title: Safety of 1000 CT-guided steroid injections with air used to localize the epidural space.
abstract: Historically, ESIs were performed without any imaging guidance, resulting in erroneous placement in up to 30% of injections. Fluoroscopic imaging is now used to guide most procedures. Recently, several reports have described the use of CT to guide ESIs instead of fluoroscopy. CT provides the ability to use air as contrast to localize the epidural space. This retrospective review will discuss findings in 1000 CT-guided ESIs with air localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pochert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D003287:Contrast Media; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D013256:Steroids