title: Influence of orthodontic adhesives and clean-up procedures on the stain susceptibility of enamel after debonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of the type of orthodontic adhesive system, such as conventional acid-etching (CE) and self-etching primers (SEPs), on the stain susceptibility of enamel surface after debonding. Effects of clean-up procedures on the enamel surface were also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types and four brands of adhesive systems were investigated using 135 human premolars. Unbonded teeth were used as controls. Three-dimensional scanning of the enamel surface was performed before bracket bonding, after debonding, and after clean-up procedures. The color of each tooth was measured before bracket bonding and again after debonding and clean-up procedures. This was followed by methylene blue staining. The stain susceptibility of the enamel surface was measured after finishing only (F-condition) and after finishing/polishing (FP-condition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After debonding, the amount of residual adhesive resins in CE materials was greater than that in SEP materials. For the F-condition, staining color change in SEP materials was significantly higher than that in CE materials. For the FP-condition, staining color change in both CE and SEP materials was not different from those of the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SEP system would show less stain susceptibility if the thin residual adhesive resin layer after debonding is removed by polishing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Yong-Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Yul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yae-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000269:Adhesives / Q000009:adverse effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003775:Dental Polishing; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000009:adverse effects; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000009:adverse effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D008751:Methylene Blue