title: Dimensional changes of peri-implant soft tissue over 2 years with single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the peri-implant soft tissue dimensions after insertion of single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients were accepted according to well-defined inclusion criteria and randomized to porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) or all-ceramic groups. Follow-up was at: Baseline (B), Crown Insertion (CI), 1-year (1Y), and 2-year (2Y). The following parameters were statistically analysed: distance implant shoulder to marginal peri-implant mucosa (DIM), papilla height (PH), width of keratinized mucosa (KM), crestal bone level (CBL), full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and probing pocket depth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between groups measurements for DIM, PH, KM, CBL, FMPS, and FMBS showed no statistically significant differences except the distal CBLs to adjacent tooth. DIM (mid-facial) decreased from B to CI remaining stable at 1Y and 2Y (p-value 0.0014). DIM mesial and distal aspects significantly increased from B to CI showing signs of stability at the 2Y. PH between B and CI increased at the mesial site and at the distal site, thereafter, peri-implant soft tissues were stable at the 2Y.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insertion of an implant crown affects the peri-implant mucosa morphology by an apical displacement at the mid-facial aspect and coronal at mesial and distal sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. german_gallucci@hsdm.harvard.edu
authors.forename: German O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Gallucci
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grütter
authors.forename: Sung-Kiang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Urs C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Belser
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C070870:In-Ceram; D000537:Aluminum Oxide