title: Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments produced with a new manufacturing technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance was increased for nickel-titanium instruments produced by a new manufacturing technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty K3 tip size 25, 0.06 taper (SybronEndo) nickel-titanium rotary instruments were randomly selected and divided into two groups (n = 20). One group served as control, being the commercially available instruments produced with a traditional grinding process (K3). The second group of instruments (K4 prototypes) were then subjected to a proprietary thermal treatment after the grinding process. Finally, each group was randomly divided into two subgroups of 10 instruments each, to perform the stiffness test and the cyclic fatigue test. All data were recorded and subjected to statistical evaluation using Student's t-test. Significance was set at the 95% confidence level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the stiffness test, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted between K3 and K4 prototype instruments. K4 prototype instruments were significantly more flexible when compared to K3 instruments (59.3 ± 4.3 vs. 98.1 ± 6.4 g cm(-1) ). For the cyclic fatigue test, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted between K3 and K4 prototype instruments. K4 prototype instruments demonstrated a significant increase in the mean number of cycles to failure (NCF) when compared to K3 instruments (1198 ± 279 vs. 542 ± 81 NCF).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new manufacturing technique resulted in the K4 prototype instruments having enhanced mechanical properties, compared to K3 instruments, manufactured with a traditional grinding process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Department of Endodontics, KSU University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambarini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plotino
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al-Sudani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Testarelli
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009532:Nickel; D018583:Pliability; D011897:Random Allocation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium