title: Redox signaling in cardiac myocytes.
abstract: The heart has complex mechanisms that facilitate the maintenance of an oxygen supply-demand balance necessary for its contractile function in response to physiological fluctuations in workload as well as in response to chronic stresses such as hypoxia, ischemia, and overload. Redox-sensitive signaling pathways are centrally involved in many of these homeostatic and stress-response mechanisms. Here, we review the main redox-regulated pathways that are involved in cardiac myocyte excitation-contraction coupling, differentiation, hypertrophy, and stress responses. We discuss specific sources of endogenously generated reactive oxygen species (e.g., mitochondria and NADPH oxidases of the Nox family), the particular pathways and processes that they affect, the role of modulators such as thioredoxin, and the specific molecular mechanisms that are involved-where this knowledge is available. A better understanding of this complex regulatory system may allow the development of more specific therapeutic strategies for heart diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, London SE5 9PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Celio X C
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Narayana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anilkumar
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Ajay M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling / Q000502:physiology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013879:Thioredoxins; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D010100:Oxygen