title: Novel jojoba oil-based emulsion gel formulations for clotrimazole delivery.
abstract: Jojoba oil-based emulgel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of various gelling agents, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934 P and combination of both. The prepared emulgels were physically evaluated for their stability after temperature cycle test, centrifugation and long-term shelf storage for 1 year at room temperature. The in vitro release at 37 °C was studied to define the effect of the concentration and type of the gelling agent. A comparison between the formulated emulgels and two commercially available products, Candistan® and Canesten® creams, was carried out to judge their efficacy and stability. The prepared emulgels exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior with little or no thixotropy. Four emulgels showed excellent stability as they demonstrated consistent rheological model under different treatment conditions. The in vitro release test showed variation in the extent of percent drug released. The drug release from the commercial preparation was lower than some of the prepared emulgel formulae. One formula containing combination of the two gelling agents (HPMC and Carbopol 934 P), showed excellent stability and high extent of clotrimazole release was microbiologically evaluated against Candida albicans using cylinder and plate method. The selected formula showed superior antimycotic activity compared to the commercially available formulation. Further in vivo animal studies for the obtained stable formula is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. mostafashahin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.forename: Seham Abdel
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hady
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Nahed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mortada
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004304:Dosage Forms; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D005782:Gels; D014885:Waxes; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; C034743:jojoba wax; D008747:Methylcellulose; D003022:Clotrimazole; C453622:carbopol 934P