title: Non-histone nuclear factor HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-motility group box (HMGB)-1 is the focus of recent cancer research. HMGB1 plays a critical role in cancer development, progression, and metastasis by activation of cancer cells, enhancement of tumor angiogenesis, and suppression of host anti-cancer immunity. HMGB1 is a relevant target for cancer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review aims to overview the biological feature and diverses role in cancer of HMGB1. HMGB1 is a non-histone chromosomal protein, a secretory protein binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products in cancer cells and monocyte-lineage immune cells, and a DNA presenting chaperon for toll-like receptors. HMGB1 enhances proliferation, motility, invasion and survival of cancer cells. In contrast, HMGB1 induces apoptosis in monocyte-lineage immune cells and inhibits tumor-infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells, lymph node sinus macrophages and liver Kupffer cells to attenuate anti-cancer immune responses and anti-metastatic organ defense. Then the novel techniques for inhibiting HMGB1 are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various techniques targeting HMGB1 are subjected to trial. HMGB1 targeting is a potential therapeutic techniqueagainst cancer development, progression, and especially metastasis. Technical breakthroughs in application of HMGB1 targeting to human diseases are now urgently required.
authors.affiliation: Nara Medical University, Department of Molecular Pathology, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuniyasu
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D006657:Histones; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors