title: Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy and placenta weight: evidence from a national cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study in a large-scale cohort with prospective data the associations between psychosocial stress during pregnancy and placenta weight at birth. Animal data suggest that the placenta is involved in stress-related fetal programming.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We defined a priori two types of psychosocial stress during pregnancy, life stress (perceived burdens in major areas of life) and emotional symptoms (e.g. anxiety). We estimated the associations of maternal stress during pregnancy with placenta weight at birth, controlled for length of gestation, by predicting gestational age- and sex-specific z-scores of placenta weight through multiple regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders (N = 78,017 singleton pregnancies). Life stress (per increase in stress score by 1, range: 0-18) during pregnancy was associated with increased placenta weight at birth (z-score, reported in 10(-3); B, 14.33; CI, 10.12-18.54). In contrast, emotional symptoms during pregnancy were not associated with placenta weight at birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal life stress but not emotional symptoms during pregnancy was associated with increased placenta weight at birth; yet, the association-estimate was rather small. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the role of the placenta in the regulation of intrauterine processes in response to maternal stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tegethoff
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Andrea H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meinlschmidt
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002138:Calibration; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009929:Organ Size; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D014599:Uterus / Q000503:physiopathology*