title: Glutathione S-transferase M1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the possible effects of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms on the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study included a total of 120 patients with AMD (65 with dry-type AMD and 55 with wet-type AMD) and 198 disease-free controls. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and GSTP1 polymorphism was detected by real-time PCR assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTM1-null genotype was significantly associated with the development of AMD (p = 0.01, OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.14-2.91). Stratification by AMD subtypes revealed a significant relationship between GSTM1-null genotype and dry-type AMD (p = 0.02, OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.10-3.53). In a stepwise regression model, only GSTM1-null genotype was significantly associated with the development of AMD (p = 0.01, OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.11-2.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms of GST may have a role in the development of AMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Görgün
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ünal
authors.forename: Melda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yenerel
authors.forename: Bahadır
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Batar
authors.forename: Beril
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Küçümen
authors.forename: Umut Aslı
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Dinç
authors.forename: Gülgün S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Tümer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulus
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yüksel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005838:Genotype; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007208:Indocyanine Green; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human