title: Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: a study of university and college students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a widely used self-report measure of adult personality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 586 Japanese university and college students with the 125-item version of the Japanese TCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factor structure of the TCI scales was similar to that reported in other languages. Depression was positively correlated with Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance but inversely correlated with Persistence, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness. Good Self-Image in the framework of adult attachment was correlated positively with Self-Directedness but inversely with Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence. Good Other-Image in the framework of adult attachment was positively correlated with Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness. The scores of the TCI scales were stable over a time span of 1.5 to 2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Japanese version of the TCI may be a valid and reliable measure of temperament and character, at least among the adolescent and young adult population.
authors.affiliation: Jiyugaoka Sanno College School of Business Administration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002605:Character; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult