title: Impact of parenting practices on parent-child relationships in children with specific learning disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parents of children with specific learning disability (SpLD) undergo stress in coping up with their child's condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the parenting practices of parents having a child with newly diagnosed SpLD and to analyze their impact on parent-child relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study in our clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2007 to January 2008, 150 parents (either mother or father) of children consecutively diagnosed as having SpLD were enrolled. Parenting practices and parent-child relationships were measured by the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Parent Form (APQ-PF) and the Parent Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pearson correlation coefficients between subscales of APQ-PF and PCRQ were computed. Multiple regression analysis was carried out for statistical significance of the clinical and demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents who were: (i) "involved" in parenting had a good "personal relationship and disciplinary warmth," (ii) practicing "positive parenting" had good "warmth, personal relationship and disciplinary warmth," (iii) "poorly supervising" their child's activities lacked "warmth and personal relationship," (iv) practicing "inconsistent discipline' had a higher "power assertion" and (v) practicing "corporal punishment" lacked "warmth" and had a higher "power assertion and possessiveness" in their relationships with their child. Parent being poorly educated or currently ill and child having all three types of SpLD present concomitantly or a sibling or a sibling with a chronic disability or being in class standard IX to XI were variables that independently predicted a poor parenting or parent-child relationship subscale score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has identified parenting practices that need to be encouraged or excluded for improving parent-child relationships. Initiating these measures would help in the rehabilitation of children with SpLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Learning Disability Clinic, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, India. karandesunil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karande
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuril
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires