title: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from black garlic extract prevents TNFα-induced monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs by suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, reactive oxygen species generation and NF-κB activation.
abstract: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a common Maillard reaction product; the reaction occurs during heat-processing and the preparation of many types of foods and beverages. Although 5-HMF has been proposed to have harmful effects, recently, its beneficial effects, including antioxidant, cytoprotective and antitumor effects have become increasingly apparent. It was found recently that a chloroform extract of aged black garlic shows antiinflammatory properties when administered to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study investigated the antiinflammatory potential of 5-HMF purified from the chloroform extract of aged black garlic in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with 5-HMF strongly suppressed TNF-α-induced cell surface and total protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as well as their mRNA expression. In addition, 5-HMF significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species formation, and markedly reduced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Furthermore, 5-HMF significantly inhibited NF-κB transcription factor activation in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. The data provide new evidence of the antiinflammatory properties of 5-HMF in support of its potential therapeutic use for the prevention and management of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis through mechanisms involving the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression and NF-κB activation in vascular endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Whan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eun Na
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Kyeong
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Da-Jung
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bong-Seon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Tak
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002460:Cell Line; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde