title: The Americleft study: an inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 3. Analysis of craniofacial form.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare craniofacial morphology for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 6 and 12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four North American cleft palate centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 148 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the four centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 148 preorthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs were scanned, scaled, digitized, and coded to blind the examiners to radiograph origin. On each radiograph, 18 (angular and ratio) cephalometric measurements were performed. Measurement means, by center, were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found for sagittal maxillary prominence among the four centers. The most significant difference was seen between Center B (lowest SNA) and Center C (highest SNA). Similar differences were seen at the soft tissue level, with Center C showing a significantly larger ANB angle compared with Centers B and D. Center C was also shown to have statistically greater mean soft tissue convexity than Centers B, D, and E. The mean nasolabial angle in Center B was significantly more acute than in Centers C, D, and E. No statistically significant differences were seen for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences were seen among the centers for hard and soft tissue maxillary prominence, but not for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations. A modest but statistically significant (p < .001) negative correlation was found between Goslon scores and ANB angle (r = -.607).
authors.affiliation: SickKids Hospital, Department of Orthodontics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daskalogiannakis
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hathaway
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.forename: Ross E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Semb
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies