title: Occlusion of surgical opening of the ventricular system with fibrinogen-coated collagen fleece: a case collection study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implantation of 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) wafer for malignant glioma is not recommended in the case of surgical opening of the ventricular system during microsurgical tumor resection because the wafer material may dislocate from the resection cavity into the ventricular system and cause obstructive hydrocephalus. TachoSil is an adhesive collagen fleece used in different surgical disciplines that provides an air- and liquid-tight seal closing communications between the ventricular system and the resection cavity after tumor removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occlusion of ventricular defects with TachoSil after microsurgical glioma resection was performed in two patients with newly diagnosed and seven patients with recurrent malignant glioma prior to BCNU wafer implantation into the resection cavity. Early postoperative cranial computed tomography (CCT)/MRI and follow-up MRI at 3 months' intervals were performed with a median follow-up of 10.4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The collagen fleece was identified as a linear structure hypodense/hypointense to white matter on postoperative CT/MRI separating the resection cavity from the ventricular lumen in all cases. In no case did early CCT/MRI or follow-up MRI reveal wafer material within the ventricular system. In no case did signs of obstructive hydrocephalus occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sealing of the ventricular system using a fibrinogen-coated collagen fleece effectively separates the resection cavity from the ventricular system and allows implantation of BCNU wafers into the resection cavity. No morphological evidence for wafer material dislocation into the ventricular system or obstruction of CSF pathways was found in nine patients who received 41 follow-up MRI over 10.4 months of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neurological Medicine, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. cbock@gmx.de
authors.forename: Hans Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohnen
authors.forename: Naureen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keric
authors.forename: Sven Rainer
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kantelhardt
authors.forename: Alf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015503:Surgical Sponges; D013917:Thrombin; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004343:Drug Implants; C518955:TachoSil; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013917:Thrombin; D002330:Carmustine