title: Complications using intermaxillary fixation screws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The most important part of facial bone fracture treatment is immobilization. Bandaging of the fractured mandible was the first immobilization device used in ancient Greece. Since then, various methods with different shapes and uses were introduced in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma patients. Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) with bone screws was first used in 1981. This technique has advantages, including quickness, ease of use, less trauma, and reduced risk of needle-stick injury. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study on 73 patients requiring IMF, the complications of IMF screws were analyzed. Complications were divided into 2 groups: dental and nondental. Follow-up examinations consisted of clinical and panoramic radiographic examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 24 teeth (6.5%) in 13 patients (17.8%), dental complications occurred. No dental treatment was needed in 4 patients (5.5%). The site at which dental complications occurred during operation in the majority of cases was the anterior mandible. Nondental complications occurred in 63 screws (16.9%) in 39 patients (54.2%). The most common complication was screw loosening. Screw soft tissue coverage occurred in 21 screws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of IMF screws is simple and decreases the time required for surgery, but because of their complications, they still require punctuality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Mahmood
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parhiz
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008338:Mandibular Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000293:injuries; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries