title: Efficient tetanus toxoid immunization on vitamin D supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D mediates immunomodulatory functions, and its deficiency has been associated with an increased prevalence of immunological diseases. The supplementation of vitamin D might be therapeutically beneficial, for example, in lupus erythematosus patients. However, its affect on established recall immune responses is undefined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 32 individuals were randomized in a placebo controlled, double-blind setting, and received vitamin D (daily 2000 IU) for 10 weeks followed by tetanus toxoid (TT) booster immunization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During vitamin D supplementation the median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration increased to 80.3 nM, which as expected decreased in the placebo group to 29.1 nM during the ultraviolet-deprived winter months. The TT-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) boost efficiency was marginal higher in the vitamin D group (P = 0.04). The increase of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlated with the increase of TT-IgG serum concentrations. The induction of specific serum IgA and specific antibody secreting cells was comparable between both groups. Accordingly, the TT-specific and polyclonally triggered T-cell cytokine profiles were stable as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D supplementation was successful and booster immunization induced efficiently specific antibodies titers.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drozdenko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Unterwalder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: H-D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dörner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radbruch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worm
mesh_terms: D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008178:Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D