title: Clinical uses of the medicinal leech: a practical review.
abstract: The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is an excellent example of the use of invertebrates in the treatment of human disease. Utilized for various medical indications since the ancient times, the medicinal leech is currently being used in a narrow range of well-defined and scientifically-grounded clinical applications. Hirudotherapy is most commonly used in the setting of venous congestion associated with soft tissue replantations and free flap-based reconstructive surgery. This is a comprehensive review of current clinical applications of hirudotherapy, featuring a comprehensive search of all major medical search engines (i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, ScientificCommons) and other cross-referenced sources. The authors focus on indications, contraindications, practical application/handling of the leech, and therapy-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Porshinsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Beery Ii
authors.forename: S P A
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stawicki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D047709:Hirudo medicinalis; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000628:therapy*; D024763:Leeching; D012092:Replantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply