title: New fin-line devices for radiofrequency exposure of small biological samples in vitro allowing whole-cell patch clamp recordings.
abstract: The development and analysis of three waveguides for the exposure of small biological in vitro samples to mobile communication signals at 900 MHz (GSM, Global System for Mobile Communications), 1.8 GHz (GSM), and 2 GHz (UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is presented. The waveguides were based on a fin-line concept and the chamber containing the samples bathed in extracellular solution was placed onto two fins with a slot in between, where the exposure field concentrates. Measures were taken to allow for patch clamp recordings during radiofrequency (RF) exposure. The necessary power for the achievement of the maximum desired specific absorption rate (SAR) of 20 W/kg (average over the mass of the solution) was approximately P(in)  = 50 mW, P(in)  = 19 mW, and P(in)  = 18 mW for the 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2 GHz devices, respectively. At 20 W/kg, a slight RF-induced temperature elevation in the solution of no more than 0.3 °C was detected, while no thermal offsets due to the electromagnetic exposure could be detected at the lower SAR settings (2, 0.2, and 0.02 W/kg). A deviation of 10% from the intended solution volume yielded a calculated SAR deviation of 8% from the desired value. A maximum ±10% variation in the local SAR could occur when the position of the patch clamp electrode was altered within the area where the cells to be investigated were located.
authors.affiliation: University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Ouardi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streckert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Münkner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006199:Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011846:Radio Waves; D013696:Temperature