title: Aging linked to type 2 diabetes increases oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
abstract: Oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation are physiopathological mechanisms related to diabetes and aging. We evaluated the additive effect of diabetes and aging on OxS and inflammation in a cross-sectional comparative study of 228 subjects: (1) 56 healthy adults (mean age, 47 ± 7 years); (2) 60 diabetic adults (mean age, 52 ± 6 years); (3) 40 healthy elderly adults (mean age, 67 ± 7 years); and (4) 72 diabetic elderly adults (mean age, 68 ± 7 years). We measured levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidants, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The results indicate that diabetes is a risk factor for subjects with high serum levels of TNF-α (odds ratio [OR] = 12.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.0-28; p < 0.001); this correlation becomes stronger when it is also associated with aging (OR = 14; 95% CI, 3.7-53.7; p < 0.05). Likewise, we observed that diabetes is an independent risk factor for OxS (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8; p < 0.05), and a stronger factor in older patients (OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.5; p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that aging, in concert with diabetes, exerts an additive effect on OxS and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Gerontología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F., México. mendovic@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Víctor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Núñez
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosado-Pérez
authors.forename: Edelmiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santiago-Osorio
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Rosa Elba
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Galván-Duarte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein