title: The X protein of HBV induces HIV-1 long terminal repeat transcription by enhancing the binding of C/EBPβ and CREB1/2 regulatory proteins to the long terminal repeat of HIV-1.
abstract: Due to share the route of transmission, the prevalence of co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is high with chronic HBV infection affecting nearly 10% of HIV-infected patient world wide, which has become a significant global health problem. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with HBV/HIV-1 co-infection are largely unclear. In this study, we provided evidence that HBV induces HIV-1 transcription through its X protein (HBx). We further explored the mechanism by which HBx activates HIV-1 transcription. Our results showed that C/EBP and CRE cis-regulatory elements in the long terminal repeats (LTR) of HIV-1 are required for the activation of HIV-1 transcription mediated by HBx. We also demonstrated that HBx regulates HIV-1 transcription through stimulating the binding of transcriptional regulatory proteins C/EBPβ, CREB1, and CREB2 to HIV-1 LTR and that co-activator CBP is required for such regulation. These findings provide new insights into our understanding the effect of HBx on the activation of HIV-1 transcription and also provide evidence of the potential role of HBV in HIV-1 replication during the course of HBV/HIV-1 co-infection.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and Chinese-French Liver Disease Research Institute at Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Ishaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Musarat
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Chengliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yingle
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein