title: Attenuation of vascular dementia by sodium butyrate in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia, which is strongly associated with diabetes. Diabetes and dementia have become a major public health concern worldwide. At this point of time, it is very important to find the possible pharmacological agents which may be useful in management and therapy of dementia including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, etc.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes induced vascular dementia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes and subsequent endothelial dysfunction and dementia were induced in rats by administration of single dose of STZ. Drug treatment was started after 1 month of STZ administration and treatment was continued until the end of the study. Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed for testing learning and memory. Endothelial function was measured on isolated aortic rings using student physiograph. Serum glucose, body weight, serum nitrite/nitrate, aortic superoxide anion generation, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity were also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  STZ treatment produced endothelial dysfunction, impairment of learning and memory, reduction in body weight and serum nitrite/nitrate, and increase in serum glucose, aortic and brain oxidative stress (increased superoxide anion, TBARS, and decreased GSH levels), and brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Treatment of sodium butyrate attenuated diabetes induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial function, and various biochemical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium butyrate may be considered as potential pharmacological agent for the management of diabetes induced vascular dementia.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India. bhupeshresearch@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bhupesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002087:Butyrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002087:Butyrates; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D009573:Nitrites; D013481:Superoxides; D013311:Streptozocin; D002802:Cholinesterases; D005978:Glutathione