title: Clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of non-HIV-related primary pulmonary cryptococcosis in China: report of 43 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the clinicopathologic and ultrastructural features of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  43 cases of PC were observed by light microscopy and histochemical staining, including mucicarmine (MC), Alcian blue (AB), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Grocott methenamine-silver (GMS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on 11 fresh and 8 formalin-fixed specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detective rate of Cryptococcus neoformans (CN) by MC, AB, PAS, GMS staining, and TEM was 61.3% (19/31), 62.2% (23/37), 85.7% (30/35), 79.1% (34/43), and 89.5% (17/19), respectively. All CN detected by TEM had a capsule. Most of them possessed simple structure with undeveloped cellular organelles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electron microscopy has a high rate of detecting CN. A combination of histochemical staining and electron microscopy can make an accurate diagnosis of PC.
authors.affiliation: Tongji Hospital, Tongji, University School of Medicine, Pathology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Benfang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Meifang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: Xuyou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult