title: Treadmill exercise suppresses muscle cell apoptosis by increasing nerve growth factor levels and stimulating p-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in the soleus of diabetic rats.
abstract: We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise performed regularly for 6 weeks on the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1,2, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and caspase-3 in the soleus of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: (1) normal control group (NCG; n = 8), (2) normal exercise group (NEG; n = 8), (3) diabetes control group (DCG; n = 8), and (4) diabetes exercise group (DEG; n = 8). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg dissolved in 0.05 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Rats were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The protein level of NGF significantly increased in the NEG and DEG (p < 0.001), whereas the levels of tyrosine kinase A and p75 receptors significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001). The levels of t-PI3-K, p-PI3-K, and p-CREB, and the p-CREB/t-CREB ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001, respectively). The p-PI3-K/t-PI3-K ratio significantly increased in the DEG (p < 0.001). The p-Erk1/t-Erk1 ratio significantly increased in the NEG (p < 0.001), whereas the p-Erk2/t-Erk2 ratio significantly decreased in the DCG and DEG (p < 0.001). The caspase-3 level significantly increased in the DCG compared with that in the DEG (p < 0.001). These results suggest that treadmill exercise increases NGF levels and accelerates p-PI3-K activation in order to suppress apoptotic cell death in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Sung-Lim
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Chan-Kyoung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sang-Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hyun-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005080:Exercise Test; D008297:Male; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3