title: Xenoestrogenic compounds promote capacitation and an acrosome reaction in porcine sperm.
abstract: There is growing evidence that endocrine disruptors bind to hormone receptors; since these receptors are present on the sperm membrane, sperm are potentially a useful model for examining estrogenic activities of endocrine disruptors. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of two xenoestrogenic compounds (genistein and 4-tert-octylphenol) to those of two steroids (estrogen and progesterone) and heparin on in vitro capacitation and the acrosome reaction in a porcine sperm model. Porcine sperm were incubated with various concentrations (0.001-100 μM) of each chemical for 15 or 30 min, and then capacitation and the acrosome reaction were assessed using chlortetracycline. Estrogen and progesterone were considerably more potent than the other chemicals in stimulating capacitation. Estrogen stimulated sperm capacitation at all tested concentrations after 15 min of incubation (P < 0.05), whereas progesterone stimulated sperm capacitation at all tested concentrations after 15 and 30 min (P < 0.05). The effect of genistein on sperm capacitation was comparable with that of estrogen, and it was the most potent in stimulating the acrosome reaction. Genistein stimulated the acrosome reaction at all tested concentrations after 30 min (P < 0.05). However, 4-tert-octylphenol had the least effect on capacitation and the acrosome reaction. In summary, since all chemicals studied effectively altered capacitation and the acrosome reaction, it was concluded that porcine sperm could be a useful model for in vitro screening of potential endocrine disruptors. It was noteworthy that concurrent comparisons to steroids increased the ability to determine estrogenic characteristics of the tested chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Korea.
authors.forename: El-Sayed A
authors.initials: el-SA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Yoo-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Dong-Ha
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Buom-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Myung-Geol
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D019833:Genistein; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol