title: A structured observational method to assess dermal exposure to manufactured nanoparticles DREAM as an initial assessment tool.
abstract: Preliminary results of inventories of exposure scenarios for nanomaterials have indicated possible dermal exposure. Within the NANOSH project focused on occupational safety and health aspects of nanotechnology a shortened version of the observational DeRmal Exposure AssessMent (DREAM) method was used as an initial method to assess dermal exposure. A total of 45 tasks (such as bagging, dumping, and cleaning) involving different manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) such as carbon nanotubes, fumed silica, and cerium oxide, were observed in industrial and research facilities. In 39 tasks potential dermal exposure (that is, exposure of the skin and clothing) was likely to occur. Exposure resulted from different routes, including direct contact with MNPs as well as the deposition or transfer of MNPs. The survey showed it is both feasible and useful to assess the potential dermal exposure using shortened DREAM questionnaires.
authors.affiliation: TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, Netherlands. birgit.vanduuren@tno.nl
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Duuren-Stuurman
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelzer
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moehlmann
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berges
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.forename: Derk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brouwer
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects