title: Hormone response element binding proteins: novel regulators of vitamin D and estrogen signaling.
abstract: Insights from vitamin D-resistant New World primates and their human homologues as models of natural and pathological insensitivity to sterol/steroid action have uncovered a family of novel intracellular vitamin D and estrogen regulatory proteins involved in hormone action. The proteins, known as "vitamin D or estrogen response element-binding proteins", behave as potent cis-acting, transdominant regulators to inhibit steroid receptor binding to DNA response elements and is responsible for vitamin D and estrogen resistances. This set of interactors belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family of previously known pre-mRNA-interacting proteins. This review provides new insights into the mechanism by which these novel regulators of signaling and metabolism can act to regulate responses to vitamin D and estrogen. In addition the review also describes other molecules that are known to influence nuclear receptor signaling through interaction with hormone response elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. tlisse@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lisse
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewison
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D051078:Platyrrhini; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology*; D030181:Vitamin D Response Element
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014807:Vitamin D