title: Fronto-orbital advancement using an en bloc frontal bone craniectomy.
abstract: Fronto-orbital advancement is a procedure commonly performed in craniofacial centers for coronal and metopic suture synostosis. Several variations of the technique have been reported.
  
  
  
  To describe our modifications to the anterior cranioplasty procedure and the results of our surgical series.
  
  
  
  Using our craniofacial database, we retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients undergoing fronto-orbital advancement for craniosynostosis. The same team of neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons performed all procedures. Demographic data, operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and clinical outcome were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Of 248 patients treated for craniosynostosis, a total of 70 patients underwent fronto-orbital advancement. Nineteen presented with metopic, 26 with unilateral coronal, 17 with bilateral coronal, and 8 with multiple synostosis. Median age at surgery was 6.5 months. Mean operative time was 210 minutes; mean blood loss was 167 mL; and length of stay was 4.5 days. A positive correlation was found between operative time and blood loss (r = 0.1, P < .01) and age at surgery and blood loss (r = 0.3, P < .0001). There was a minor morbidity rate of 2.9%. A good reconstruction was obtained in all patients using our en bloc fronto-orbital advancement without any midline osteotomies at a mean follow-up of 15 months.
  
  
  
  A team approach and the application of a standardized surgical technique should make it safer to operate in young children, shorten the surgical time, and lead to a reduction in blood loss. Reconstructing the frontal bone as an entire unit yielded excellent correction for coronal and metopic synostosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5327, USA. raphaelg@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Looby
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schendel
authors.forename: Michael S B
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors