title: Fusarium oxysporum degradation and detoxification of a new textile-glycoconjugate azo dye (GAD).
abstract: Degradation and detoxification of textile dyes are of interest due to the huge environmental impact of such chemicals. An isolate of Fusarium oxysporum was used to degrade and to detoxify a new chemical class of textile dyes called Glycoconjugate Azo Dye (GAD). After 6 d of growth in a liquid batch culture, the fungus degraded the dye and the culture medium at the end of incubation period showed a ˜100% detoxification compared to the initial dye solution. Increasing the initial fungal inoculum, the dye was totally decolourized after 24 h of incubation. The degradation ability was found to be common among various isolates of F. oxysporum suggesting this as a specific trait of this species. Degrading rate was enhanced in concomitancy to the glucose depletion and the beginning of the stationary phase of growth, suggesting that the shift from the primary to the secondary metabolism may be the trigger of the degradation pathway. The Daphnia magna acute toxicity test demonstrated a strong detoxification of GAD-4 by F. oxysporum, resulting in non-toxic metabolite production. Fusarium oxysporum could, therefore, be taken into consideration to develop new remediation strategies of textile effluents.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Coltivazione e Difesa delle Specie Legnose G. Scaramuzzi, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Aimone
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porri
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baroncelli
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guglielminetti
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarrocco
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guazzelli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catelani
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazzichi
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vannacci
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013783:Textile Industry
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D007220:Industrial Waste