title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children with chronic granulomatous disease.
abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by fever, cytopenias, splenomegaly, and hemophagocytosis by macrophages activated by high cytokine levels. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by recurrent infections, hyperinflammation, and excessive cytokine release. This may predispose patients with CGD to developing HLH during an infection. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CGD, treated at our institution between 1999 and 2008. Three out of 17 patients developed HLH. Patients with CGD may be at increased risk for developing HLH. Remission of HLH was achieved after treatment with antimicrobials, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin This approach to treatment appears to be effective.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Chintan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hofstra
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Coates
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D013256:Steroids