title: A system for implanting laboratory mice with light-activated microtransponders.
abstract: The mouse is the most commonly used laboratory animal, accounting for up to 80% of all mammals used in research studies. Because rodents generally are group-housed, an efficient system of uniquely identifying individual animals for use in research studies, breeding, and proper colony management is required. Several temporary and permanent methods (for example, ear punching and toe clipping) are available for labeling research mice and other small animals, each with advantages and disadvantages. This report describes a new radiofrequency identification tagging method that uses 500-μm, light-activated microtransponders implanted subcutaneously into the ear or tail of mice. The preferred location for implanting is in the side of the tail, because implantation at this site was simple to perform and was associated with shorter implantation times (average, 53 versus 325 s) and a higher success rate (98% versus 50%) compared with the ear. The main benefits of using light-activated microtransponders over other identification methods, including other radiofrequency identification tags, is their small size, which minimizes stress to the animals during implantation and low cost due to their one-piece (monolithic) design. In addition, the implantation procedure uses a custom-designed 21-gauge needle injector and does not require anesthetization of the mice. We conclude that this method allows improved identification and management of laboratory mice.
authors.affiliation: PharmaSeq, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Maryann C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gruda
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craelius
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davidowitz
authors.forename: Wesley M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kopacka
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Efrain
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuspiel
authors.forename: Wlodek
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mandecki
mesh_terms: D000823:Animal Identification Systems / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D057233:Radio Frequency Identification Device / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*