title: Physicochemical properties of biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol-agar films from the red algae Hydropuntia cornea.
abstract: Agar obtained from the red alga Hydropuntia cornea was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in order to produce biodegradable films. In this study, we compare the properties of biopolymeric films formulated with agars extracted from H. cornea collected at different seasons (rainy and dry) in the Gulf of Mexico coast and PVOH as synthetic matrix. The films were prepared at different agar contents (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and their optical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties analyzed. The tensile strength of PVOH-agar films increased when agar content was augmented. The formulation with 50% agar from rainy season (RS) had a significant higher tensile strength when compared to those from dry season (DS; p < 0.05). Tensile modulus also displayed an increasing trend and likewise, for 50% and 75% agar blends from RS showed higher values than those from DS (p < 0.05). In contrast, elongation at break decreased as the agar content increased, independently of the season. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images of PVOH-agar 75% biofilms from RS showed a homogeneous structure with good interfacial adhesion between the two components. The changes evidenced in the FTIR spectrum of this blend suggest that hydrogen bonding is taking place between the agar ether linkages (C-O-C) and the hydroxyl groups (OH) of the PVOH. Based on the above mentioned results, blends of PVOH and 75% agar from H. cornea collected in rainy season showed good properties for applications in the biodegradable packaging industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Resources, Cinvestav, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310, A.P. 73, Mérida, Yuc, Mexico.
authors.forename: Tomás J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Madera-Santana
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robledo
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Freile-Pelegrín
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008800:Mexico; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019064:Product Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D000362:Agar; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol