title: Fungal lipochitooligosaccharide symbiotic signals in arbuscular mycorrhiza.
abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a root endosymbiosis between plants and glomeromycete fungi. It is the most widespread terrestrial plant symbiosis, improving plant uptake of water and mineral nutrients. Yet, despite its crucial role in land ecosystems, molecular mechanisms leading to its formation are just beginning to be unravelled. Recent evidence suggests that AM fungi produce diffusible symbiotic signals. Here we show that Glomus intraradices secretes symbiotic signals that are a mixture of sulphated and non-sulphated simple lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs), which stimulate formation of AM in plant species of diverse families (Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Umbelliferae). In the legume Medicago truncatula these signals stimulate root growth and branching by the symbiotic DMI signalling pathway. These findings provide a better understanding of the evolution of signalling mechanisms involved in plant root endosymbioses and will greatly facilitate their molecular dissection. They also open the way to using these natural and very active molecules in agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR 441/2594 INRA-CNRS, B.P. 52627, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan CEDEX, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maillet
authors.forename: Véréna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poinsot
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puech-Pagès
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haouy
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gueunier
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cromer
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giraudet
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Formey
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niebel
authors.forename: Eduardo Andres
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Driguez
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bécard
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dénarié
mesh_terms: D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C023023:lipid-linked oligosaccharides