title: Magnetic resonance measurements of high-velocity particle motion in a three-dimensional gas-solid spouted bed.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging has been used to measure particle velocities, exceeding 1 m s⁻¹ in a two-phase granular system, namely, a spouted bed. The measurements are complicated due to the high voidage, i.e., low particle density, in the region of the highest particle velocity. However, applying gradient shapes which allow fast switching and, thus, short encoding and observation times in combination with a short echo time enable these measurements. It was found that the profile of the particle velocity is nonparabolic. Based on these measurements it was possible to confirm observations made in numerical simulations that there must be a continuous momentum exchange between the annulus region and the spout along the entire length of the spout.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute of Energy Technology, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 27, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sederman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gladden