title: New phenolic grape skin products from Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir.
abstract: Anthocyanins and their related compounds were extracted from grape skins of Pinot noir, using 50% aqueous methanol, and purified by solid phase extraction chromatography using XAD-7 resin to obtain a pigment-rich fraction. This fraction was subjected to multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography (MLCCC) using a quaternary solvent system consisting of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water acidified with 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (2:2:0.1-1.8:5) (v/v/v/v) in a step gradient elution to separate anthocyanin oligomers from grape anthocyanins. In the process of the characterization of the MLCCC fractions by electrospray mass spectrometry, two noncolored anthocyanin derivatives were found and characterized on the basis of their mass spectral data. As a result, these compounds have been tentatively identified as coupling products between both hydrated malvidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, with 2-S-glutathionyl caffeoyl tartaric acid (GRP). It is therefore proposed that grape skins contain this new class of coupling product, and a possible chemical pathway for their formation is suggested.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kneknopoulos
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Skouroumounis
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Dennis K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; C480521:peonidin 3-glucoside; C458419:malvidin-3-glucoside; D005978:Glutathione; C515101:caftaric acid