title: Treatment of diffuse diabetic macular oedema using steroid eye drops.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of treatment of diffuse diabetic macular oedema (DME) with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Durezol™) in eyes before vitrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled patients with diffuse DME for whom more than 3 months had passed since prior treatment. Nineteen eyes in 15 subjects were treated with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% four times daily for the first month and then twice daily for 2 months (treatment group). As a control group, 22 eyes in 11 subjects with DME were selected from subjects who underwent the steroid responder test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the treatment group, the mean visual acuity (VA) (±SD) was 0.38 ± 0.25 logMAR and mean retinal thickness was 461.1 ± 109.9 μm at baseline. After 1 month of treatment, the mean VA had improved to 0.29 ± 0.25 (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = 0.30), while mean retinal thickness had decreased to 372.1 ± 70.0 μm (p = 0.006). The rate of effective improvement in retinal thickness was 42% and that of VA was 26%. In the control group, changes in neither VA nor retinal thickness were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eye drop therapy using difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% is a useful and effective treatment modality without surgical intervention or severe side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan. nakano-ygt@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sakiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano Goto
authors.forename: Teiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirii
authors.forename: Sachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D005477:Fluprednisolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004655:Emulsions; D005477:Fluprednisolone; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C015808:difluprednate