title: Does metabolic syndrome impair sexual function in middle- to old-aged women?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, there are few studies dealing with the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on female sexual function, and the association between MS and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in middle- to old-aged women remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of MS on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2009 to January 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study of sexually active women (≥ 40 years old) who visited a health-screening clinic. Comprehensive history taking, anthropometric measurement, laboratory testing, and questionnaire administration were performed for each of the total 773 women enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess the key dimensions of female sexual function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of enrolled subjects was 48 (40-65) years, and the rates of MS and FSD were 12.2% (94/773) and 54.7% (423/773), respectively. We found that the demographics of women with and without MS (P < 0.05) differed significantly from one another in terms of age, menopausal status, body mass index, educational status, household income, and urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms, although their frequency of FSD was similar (52.1% vs. 55.1%). After adjusting clinical confounders, we found that only the pain domain score was significantly different between women with MS and without MS, while the total FSFI score and other constituent domain scores showed little difference between the two groups. However, in the multivariate logistic regression model, MS and most of its components were not associated with FSD; only age, menopausal status, smoking, depression, and symptomatic UI proved to be independent risk factors for FSD (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that MS may have little impact on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women. Further studies with population-based and longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Mie
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Seong
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Myung Jae
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D019529:Sexuality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health