title: Good clinical teachers likely to be specialist role models: results from a multicenter cross-sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical educational reform includes enhancing role modelling of clinical teachers. This requires faculty being aware of their role model status and performance. We developed the System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ) to generate individualized feedback on previously defined teaching qualities and role model status for faculty in (non) academic hospitals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (i) To examine whether teaching qualities of faculty were associated with their being seen as a specialist role model by residents, and (ii) to investigate whether those associations differed across residency years and specialties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional questionnaire survey amongst 549 Residents of 36 teaching programs in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. The main outcome measure was faculty being seen as specialist role models by residents. Statistical analyses included (i) Pearson's correlation coefficients and (ii) multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations to assess the (adjusted) associations between each of five teaching qualities and 'being seen as a role model'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  407 residents completed a total of 4123 evaluations of 662 faculty. All teaching qualities were positively correlated with 'being seen as a role model' with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.49 for 'evaluation of residents' to 0.64 for 'learning climate' (P<0.001). Faculty most likely to be seen as good role models were those rated highly on 'feedback' (odds ratio 2.91, 95% CI: 2.41-3.51), 'a professional attitude towards residents' (OR 2.70, 95% CI: 2.34-3.10) and 'creating a positive learning climate' (OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.97-3.04). Results did not seem to vary much across residency years. The relative strength of associations between teaching qualities and being seen as a role model were more distinct when comparing specialties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good clinical educators are more likely to be seen as specialist role models for most residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality and Process Innovation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.j.lombarts@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Kiki M J M H
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lombarts
authors.forename: Maas Jan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Heineman
authors.forename: Onyebuchi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Arah
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005178:Faculty; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009426:Netherlands; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010820:Physicians; D013038:Specialization; D013337:Students, Medical