title: Adult testicular granulosa cell tumor: a review of the literature for clinicopathologic predictors of malignancy.
abstract: Adult testicular granulosa cell tumors are rare sex cord-stromal tumors of which only 28 have been previously reported. As compared with their ovarian counterparts, these tumors may follow a more aggressive course because the proportion of malignant cases is higher. To date, there are no clinical or pathologic features that definitively predict malignancy. We reviewed all prior case reports for features that may predict their malignant potential. Tumor size greater than 5.0 cm is the only feature statistically associated with malignancy. Mitotic count, tumor necrosis, patient age, and the presence of gynecomastia do not, at present, predict benign versus malignant behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont and Fletcher Allen Health Care, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Joshua.Hanson@vtmednet.org
authors.forename: Joshua Anspach
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Abiy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ambaye
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor