title: Association of low serum creatinine, abnormal lipid profile, gender, age and ethnicity with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Trinidad and Tobago.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of low serum creatinine, abnormal lipid profile and demographic variables with type 2 diabetic Trinidadian subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a cohort of 1122 diabetic and non-diabetic patients from clinics in Trinidad. Variables measured included demographics, HbA1(c), serum creatinine, lipid profile values and diabetic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 476 males (61.6% diabetic) and 646 females (50.3% diabetic). Most patients (59.2%) were Indo-Trinidadian, 23.4% were Afro-Trinidadian and 13.5% were of 'mixed' and 'other' categories. The majority (55.1%) of the patients were diabetic and diabetics were older than non-diabetics (p=0.000). Abnormal lipid profile OR=0.728, CI (0.532, 0.994), serum creatinine categories OR=1.520, CI (1.317, 1.754), gender OR=0.690, CI (0.533, 0.892) and age groups OR=1.305, CI (1.185, 1.437) were useful predictors of type 2 diabetes. Ethnicity was not a useful predictor: OR=1.007, CI (0.869, 1.168). Serum creatinine (mean) was found to be lower in diabetics aged 21-50 than in their non-diabetic counterparts. However, above 50 years old, the reverse was true. Serum creatinine means were higher in males than in females (p=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal lipid profile, gender, age and serum creatinine are associated with type 2 diabetes. While age and gender are non-modifiable risk factors, steps should be taken to monitor and control the serum creatinine and lipid profile values of diabetics and non-diabetics.
authors.affiliation: The University of the West Indies, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Trinidad and Tobago. Shivananda.Nayak@sta.uwi.edu
authors.forename: B Shivananda
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.forename: Shivanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bujhawan
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cabral-Samaroo
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cadan
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Buchoon
authors.forename: Lystra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Budhram
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Surujpaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teelucksingh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D003404:Creatinine