title: Adalimumab in ankylosing spondylitis: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease that has prominent effects on the spine and peripheral joints. In addition, extraarticular manifestations such as enthesitis and acute anterior uveitis may be clinically important. In recent years, the therapy of AS has changed, largely due to the introduction of inhibitors of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Adalimumab, a human monoclonal antibody specifically for TNF, is the most recent of the TNF blocking agents that have been approved for the treatment of active, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-refractory patients with AS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the evidence for the therapeutic value of adalimumab in ankylosing spondylitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  There is clear evidence that adalimumab, administered 40 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks, substantially improves the signs and symptoms of NSAID-refractory, active AS when compared with placebo treatment. There is ample evidence that adalimumab causes significant improvements in physical health status and overall AS-specific, health-related quality of life and physical functioning, which consequently leads to better work productivity. There is substantial evidence that adalimumab improves spinal and sacroiliac joint inflammation in AS patients. Initial results from clinical trials suggest that there is no increased risk of serious infections or malignancies in adalimumab-treated patients with AS. The most common adverse events were injection-site reactions. Limited economic evidence suggests that adalimumab 40 mg may be cost effective when used according to current valid treatment guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adalimumab is an effective treatment for patients with active AS.
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovative Therapy, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hennigan
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh