title: [Clinical features of urological malignancies with paraneoplastic syndromes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical features of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) in patients with renal, prostate and bladder cancer and conduct a brief prognostic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2010, 464 patients of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) confirmed by operation and pathology were reviewed retrospectively. And 562 cases of patients with prostate cancer and 647 with bladder cancer from 2005 to 2010 were also analyzed respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all cases, 156(33.6%)patients were diagnosed with PNS manifesting with anemia, hypertension, fever, polycythemia, Stauffer's syndrome, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, leukocytosis and hypercalcemia, etc. Two prostate cancer patients had the elevated levels of calcemia and blood glucose respectively. However, no specific clinical presentation in bladder cancer was found to be associated with PNS in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RCC is the most frequent urological malignancy with PNS. But prostate cancer with PNS is very uncommon and bladder cancer is extremely rare. Most paraneoplastic signs predicate a poor prognosis for the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Quan-Zong
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Han-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Wei-Gang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Guang-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hui-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*