title: Stratification of Archaeal communities in shallow sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China.
abstract: Microorganisms are known to play fundamental roles in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the coastal environments. To get to know the composition and ecological roles of the archaeal communities within the sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China, the diversity and vertical distribution of archaea in a sediment core was reported based on the 16S rRNA and mcrA genes for the first time. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that archaea were present at 10(6)-10(7) 16S rRNA gene copies/g (wet weight) in the sediment core, and the proportion of mcrA versus 16S rRNA gene copies varied from 11 to 45%. 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed and analyzed for the top layer (0-6 cm), middle layer (18-24 cm), sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ, 32-42 cm), and bottom layer (44-50 cm) sediments. The results indicated that Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG) was the main component in the sediments. The MCG archaea could be further divided into six subgroups: MCG-A, B, C, D, E, and F. On the other hand, mcrA sequences from methanogens related to the order Methanomicrobiales and ANME-2 methanotrophs were detected in all sediment layers. Taken together, our data revealed a largely unknown archaeal community in which MCG dominated within the Pearl River estuarine sediments, while methanogens and methane-oxidizing archaea putatively involving in methane metabolism, were also found in the community. This is the first important step towards elucidating the biogeochemical roles of these archaea in the Pearl River Estuary.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lijing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jinquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Fengping
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000382:microbiology; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019642:RNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D019642:RNA, Archaeal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; C060629:endodeoxyribonuclease McrA; D008697:Methane