title: Promoting self-efficacy and outcome expectations to enable adherence to resistance training after cardiac rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistance training offers clinical and functional benefits to cardiac patients, yet exercise adherence after cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is problematic. This study examined effects of an intervention targeting self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and adherence to upper-body resistance exercise after CR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac patients (N = 40) were randomly allocated to receive either standard exercise recommendations (wait-list control) or an intervention involving a theory-based instructional manual and Thera-Band resistive bands for upper-body resistance exercise. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later. Participation in resistance exercise was measured at 4 weeks postbaseline and at 3-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention group reported higher levels of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and resistance exercise volume compared with the control group at the 4-week follow-up. Adherence differences were sustained at 3-month follow-up, with some support that self-efficacy for adhering to resistance training mediated the effects of the intervention on follow-up exercise training frequency. Findings support the use of a theory-based motivational manual and Thera-Band resistive bands to increase self-efficacy and outcome expectations for, and adherence to, resistance training after CR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Millen
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bray
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006040:Goals; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009864:Ontario; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016896:Treatment Outcome