title: Candida albicans and C. tropicalis Isolates from the Expired Breathes of Captive Dolphins and Their Environments in an Aquarium.
abstract: Genotypes of Candida spp. isolated from exhalation of 20 dolphins, 11 water samples from captive pools, and 24 oral cavities of staff members in an aquarium using a combination of multiple drug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 5.8s-ITS 2 regions of ribosomal RNA gene (ITS rDNA) sequences were studied. The holding ratios of the dolphins, captive pools, and staff members were 70, 90, and 29%, respectively. Isolated pathogenic yeast species common to the dolphins and environments were Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. Identical genotypes in both Candida spp. based on the combination of MDR1 and ITSrDNA were found in some dolphins, between a dolphin and a staff, among dolphins and environments, and among environments. The results indicated the diffusion and exchange of pathogenic yeasts at the aquarium among dolphins and environments. The isolates at the aquarium showed higher rates of resistance to azole antifungals compared to reference isolates.
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Eiko Nakagawa
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Itano
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Senzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchida