title: Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: using evidence-based knowledge to guide the advanced practice nurse in developing formal policy and practice guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide advanced practice nurses (APNs) with the best available evidence for implementation of policies and procedures to allow family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the acute care environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive review of research-based articles from Ebsco Host, CINAHL, Pre-CINAHL, and Medline Plus, as well as statement alerts from nursing credentialing bodies, and practice guidelines were reviewed. Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort and Lewin's Three Step Change Theory provide a framework for implementation of formal policies and procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Best available evidence showed more support in favor of allowing families at the bedside during CPR. Implementation of policies and procedures allowing family presence enables facilities to change and grow in a holistic and family-oriented atmosphere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this evidence-based knowledge the APN will be able to disseminate information to facilitate collaborative change in current practices surrounding staff education, decision making, and self-governance. The APN can then address controversial changes when developing formal policies and procedures, which will increase patient satisfaction and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Spalding University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Doolin
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Lesley G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Ann A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kleinpell
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D022143:Family Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D009742:Nursing Theory; D016134:Organizational Policy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011368:Professional-Family Relations