title: Total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge.
abstract: The risk (including bioavailability and eco-toxicity) of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni) in liquefaction residues (LR) of sewage sludge (SS) was estimated, according to both the speciation of heavy metals and the local environmental characteristics. The amount of organic matters in LR was lower than that in SS, resulting in a smaller calorific value, while the total content of heavy metals in LR nearly doubled. High residual rates of heavy metals (about 80%) indicated that the heavy metals in SS were concentrated into LR after liquefaction. The comparisons of sequential extraction results between SS and LR showed that after liquefaction, the mobile and easily available heavy metal fractions (acid soluble/exchangeable and reducible fractions) were mainly transformed into the relatively stable heavy metal fractions (oxidizable and residual fractions). The bioavailability and eco-toxicity of heavy metals in LR were relieved, though the total concentrations of heavy metals increased.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China. yxz@hnu.cn
authors.forename: Xingzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chunfei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Huina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaokai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhantao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage