title: Selected aspects of the oral environment in cleft palate patients--a problem evidently beyond dentists' scope.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oral cavity is a specialized ecosystem composed of dentition and mucosa exposed to the effects of saliva and gingival liquid. Its structure provides advantageous conditions for various microorganisms, both aerobic streptococci and anaerobic bacilli. The dynamic balance of the oral cavity ecosystem can be threatened by various factors. Lip and palatal clefts are the most frequent disorders in embryonic facial development. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and oral cavity hygiene in patients with cleft palate treated orthodontically are significantly different compared with patients without these congenital malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 200 patients aged 6-21 who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of cleft palate and treatment method. Group C (control) consisted of 50 orthodontically untreated patients with occlusal dental defects. The performed studies consisted of 2 parts: the clinical-laboratory part and statistical analysis. Clinical-laboratory part
  
  
  RESULTS
  High bacteria levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in saliva of patients were comparably frequent between groups, but there were statistically significant differences in inter-group comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the orthodontic treatment changes the oral environment, control of proper hygienic behavior is an essential element of health education. Introduction of preventive programs is also very important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, ul. Krakowska 26, Wrocław.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antoszewska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kawala
authors.forename: Liwia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult