title: Residual stress measurement in veneering ceramic by hole-drilling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mismatch in thermal expansion properties between veneering ceramic and metallic or high-strength ceramic cores can induce residual stresses and initiate cracks when combined with functional stresses. Knowledge of the stress distribution within the veneering ceramic is a key factor for understanding and predicting chipping failures, which are well-known problems with Yttria-tetragonal-zirconia-polycrystal based fixed partial dentures. The objectives of this study are to develop a method for measuring the stress profile in veneering ceramics and to compare ceramic-fused-to-metal compounds to veneered Yttria-tetragonal-zirconia-polycrystal ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hole-drilling method, often used for engineering measurements, was adapted for use with veneering ceramic. Because of the high sensitivity needed in comparison with industrial applications, a high sensitivity electrical measurement chain was developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All samples exhibited the same type of stress vs. depth profile, starting with compressive at the ceramic surface, decreasing with depth and becoming tensile at 0.5-1.0mm from the surface, and then becoming slightly compressive again. The zirconia samples exhibited a stress depth profile of larger magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hole drilling method was shown be a practical tool for measuring residual stresses in veneering ceramics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University Hospital of Liège, ULg, 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium. a.mainjot@chu.ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: Amélie K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mainjot
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Schajer
authors.forename: Alain J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vanheusden
authors.forename: Michaël J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sadoun
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003801:Dental Veneers; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014159:Transducers; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D017680:Potassium Compounds; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium