title: [Essential blepharospasm: literature review].
abstract: Essential blepharospasm is a focal distonia characterized by involuntary, spasmodic, bilateral contractions of eyelid protractors. This is a rare disease, which diagnosis is frequently late and symptoms may progress until functional blindness. In this article, we perform a review and describe the most important features of the disease, including historical aspects, epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Plástica Ocular, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. agbnicoletti@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: André Gustavo Bombana
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Lísia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Tatiana Rizkallah
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matayoshi
mesh_terms: D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans