title: Pathogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancers in organ transplant recipients.
abstract: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common human cancer, with an incidence of more than 1.2 million per year in the USA. The risk for the development of NMSCs increases by approximately 10-250 fold in chronically immune suppressed organ transplant recipients (OTRs). Solar UVB is the most common etiologic factor in the development of this neoplasm, both in immune competent and immune suppressed populations. This review provides a description of NMSC in OTRs. It also provides an account of the various immunologic and non-immune-dependent mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of NMSCs in OTRs. Finally, this review addresses possible strategies for the prevention of this cancer, particularly focusing on the aspects that may be incorporated to prevent negative effects of chemopreventive chemicals on graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA. mathar@uab.edu
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Athar
authors.forename: Stephanie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Levy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kopelovich
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Elmets
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065108:Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D065108:Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; D012176:Retinoids