title: Hemispherical focal macular photopic negative response and macular inner retinal thickness in open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in open-angle glaucoma the focal macular photopic negative response and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements of retinal thicknesses in the superior and inferior macula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 63 eyes of 63 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 41 normal eyes of 41 volunteers. Photopic negative responses were recorded using a spotlight (diameter of 15 degrees of circle), projected onto the whole or superior or inferior macula. Ganglion cell complex (nerve fiber + ganglion cell + inner plexiform layers) thickness was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean photopic negative response amplitude over the entire macula was significantly (P < .001) decreased compared with that of controls in eyes with early (n = 24; to 62.1%), moderate (n = 21; to 57.2%), and severe (n = 18; to 49.3%) open-angle glaucoma, but not significantly different among eyes with various stages of glaucoma. Mean ganglion cell complex thickness was significantly (P < .001) decreased compared with that of controls in eyes with early (86.0%), moderate (78.3%), and severe (71.2%) glaucoma, and thinning correlated positively with glaucoma severity (P < .001). Mean photopic negative response amplitude correlated significantly (P < .001) with ganglion cell complex thickness over the whole, superior, and inferior macular areas (r = 0.57 to 0.74). In 16 eyes without visual field defect in the inferior hemifield, mean photopic negative response amplitude was 56.5% of normal (P < .001), and mean ganglion cell complex thickness in the superior macula was 92.1% of normal (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focal macular photopic negative response amplitude correlates with ganglion cell complex thickness, but decreases more abruptly in early glaucoma compared with ganglion cell complex thickness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hangai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Nagahisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields