title: Serologic tests for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa).
abstract: New tools to detect exposure of free-range Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) to pathogenic mycobacteria would be valuable for improved disease surveillance and wildlife management. Two hundred sera from wild boar of known Mycobacterium bovis infection status were used to evaluate test suitability for the detection of antibodies against M. bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (or cross-reacting members of the M. avium complex). Two traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were evaluated using M. bovis purified protein derivative (bPPD) and paratuberculosis protoplasmatic antigen 3 (PPA3) as antigens, respectively, and a new point-of-care test format for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) that uses the innovative dual-path platform (DPP TB) test. The effect of individual factors (sex, age, lesions) on the diagnostic performance of the serologic tests was also determined. Although the DPP had a sensitivity of 89.6% and a specificity of 90.4%, for bPPD, the sensitivity was 79.2% and the specificity 100%. Both tests had a kappa agreement of 0.80. Sixty-five of 68 (95.6%) wild boar sera with antibodies against the PPA3 antigen corresponded to known M. bovis-infected wild boar. Significant differences were not observed in the bPPD and DPP readings among lesion categories or between age classes. A slight sex-related difference in sensitivity toward males in the DPP was found, but it was not detected in the bPPD enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results support the use of antibody-based diagnostic tests for both large-scale and individual bTB testing of Eurasian wild boar and suggest that wild boar cannot be used as sentinels for infections caused by M. avium complex members.
authors.affiliation: IREC National Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boadella
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lyashchenko
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenwald
authors.forename: Javan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaroso
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: Joseba M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gortázar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial