title: The patient-reported Clinicians' Cultural Sensitivity Survey: a field test among older Latino primary care patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-reported measures of clinicians' cultural sensitivity are important to assess comprehensively quality of care among ethnically diverse patients and may help address persistent health inequities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Create a patient-reported, multidimensional survey of clinicians' cultural sensitivity to cultural factors affecting quality of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a comprehensive conceptual framework, items were written and field-tested in a cross-sectional telephone survey. Multitrait scaling and factor analyses were used to develop measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latino patients age ≥50 from primary care practices in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five items hypothesized to assess clinicians' sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validity and reliability of cultural sensitivity measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine of 35 items measuring 14 constructs were retained. Eleven measures assessed sensitivity issues relevant to all participants: complementary and alternative medicine, mind-body connections, causal attributions, preventive care, family involvement, modesty, prescription medications, spirituality, physician discrimination due to education, physician discrimination due to race/ethnicity and staff discrimination due to race/ethnicity. Three measures were group specific: two to limited English proficient patients (sensitivity to language needs and discrimination due to language) and one to immigrants (sensitivity to immigrant status). Twelve multi-item scales demonstrated adequate reliability (alpha ≥0.68 except for Spanish discrimination due to education) and evidence of construct validity (item-scale correlations for all scales >0.40 except for sensitivity to immigrant status). Two single-item measures demonstrated sufficient construct validity to retain for further development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Clinicians' Cultural Sensitivity Survey can be used to assess the quality of care of older Latino patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118-1944, USA. anapoles@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nápoles
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santoyo-Olsson
authors.forename: Georgianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farren
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olmstead
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gregorich
authors.forename: Anita L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations