title: Ultra-trace determination of lead(II) in water using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by solid-phase extraction to a small piece of cellulose acetate type membrane filter.
abstract: A simple and inexpensive preconcentration technique has been developed for the ultra-trace determination of lead(II) using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The lead(II) complex with dicyclohexano-18-crown 6-ether (DC18C6) was extracted to a small piece of cellulose acetate-type membrane filter (2 × 5 mm) merely by vigorously eccentric stirring for 120 min under the coexistence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at around pH 7. The extraction medium was inserted into a graphite cuvette for the determination of lead(II) by ETAAS. A linear relation was obtained for the range of 0.1-5.0 ng in 10 ml of lead(II) standard solution (r = 0.998). The detection limit was found to be 0.03 ng of lead(II) in 10 ml (0.003 µg l(-1)) of water sample. The proposed method was applied to the ultra-trace determination of lead(II) in river water, underground water, tap water, and snow fall samples.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan. mizu@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: Mirai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shida
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D043844:Crown Ethers / Q000737:chemistry; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012914:Snow / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D043844:Crown Ethers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C002570:dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6; D007854:Lead; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C005062:acetylcellulose; D002482:Cellulose