title: Antioxidant status in rats after long-term intake of anthocyanins and ellagitannins from blackberries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study reported the effects of the daily intake of anthocyanins and ellagitannins (ET) extracted from blackberries on the markers for oxidative status in healthy rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phenolic compounds were administered from three different extracts: an aqueous extract of blackberry (BJ) and its two derived fractions: anthocyanin-enriched (AF) and ET-enriched (EF) fractions. After 35 days’ administration, the AF and EF extracts signiﬁcantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels and increased glutathione levels in the liver,kidney and brain. Plasma antioxidant capacity increased only in the group that received AF. Antioxidant enzyme activity and expression did not follow a pattern of response varying according to the tissues and extracts. A signiﬁcant increase in the catalase activity was observed only in the plasma of the groups administered anthocyanin-containing extracts,which were the BJ and AF groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was signiﬁcantly increased in the liver and brain after EF treatment, and the highest increase in its expression was observed in the livers and brains of rats that received AF and EF, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that long-term intake of anthocyanin and ET through diet affects antioxidant enzymeactivity and expression, and enhances oxidative markers in healthy rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química, Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neuza Ma
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hassimotto
authors.forename: Franco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lajolo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; C029684:thiobarbituric acid