title: Impacted foreign bodies in orbital region: review of nine cases.
abstract: Orbital injuries with a foreign body may result in severe structural and functional damage to the eye or orbital contents. Management and prognosis depend on the composition and location of the foreign body and whether there is secondary infection. Metallic objects and glass are the most frequently encountered and well-tolerated, whereas organic foreign bodies can elicit an inflammatory reaction and lead to serious complications. Despite the modern imaging methods, it is often difficult to identify and locate organic intraorbital foreign bodies. This paper presents a review of nine cases of impacted foreign bodies in the orbital region and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of this kind of injury. The following data were collected: age, gender, etiology of injury, occurrence of fracture, anatomical location of fracture, type of object, signs and symptoms, type of imaging exam used, approach, transoperative complication and occurrence of death. Foreign body injuries in the orbital region can be treated with a combination of clinical suspicion, basic knowledge and diagnostic tests and depend on the skill and experience of the surgeon, thereby decreasing the surgical risk of iatrogenic injury in relation to the inherent risk of retaining an organic intraorbital foreign body.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago de Santana
authors.initials: Tde S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Auremir Rocha
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Hécio Henrique Araújo de
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Almeida Júnior
authors.forename: Edwaldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dourado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology