title: INTERMEDIUM-C, a modifier of lateral spikelet fertility in barley, is an ortholog of the maize domestication gene TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1.
abstract: The domestication of cereals has involved common changes in morphological features, such as seed size, seed retention and modification of vegetative and inflorescence architecture that ultimately contributed to an increase in harvested yield. In barley, this process has resulted in two different cultivated types, two-rowed and six-rowed forms, both derived from the wild two-rowed ancestor, with archaeo-botanical evidence indicating the origin of six-rowed barley early in the domestication of the species, some 8,600-8,000 years ago. Variation at SIX-ROWED SPIKE 1 (VRS1) is sufficient to control this phenotype. However, phenotypes imposed by VRS1 alleles are modified by alleles at the INTERMEDIUM-C (INT-C) locus. Here we show that INT-C is an ortholog of the maize domestication gene TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1) and identify 17 coding mutations in barley TB1 correlated with lateral spikelet fertility phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comadran
authors.forename: Arnis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Druka
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: William T B
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macaulay
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bonar
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Udda
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Jerome D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Franckowiak
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Close
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Muehlbauer
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waugh
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins