title: Gestational influences on the pharmacokinetics of gestagenic drugs: a combined in silico, in vitro and in vivo analysis.
abstract: During preclinical development of a gestagenic drug, a significant increase of the total plasma concentration was observed after multiple dosing in pregnant rabbits, but not in (non-pregnant) rats or monkeys. We used a PBPK modeling approach in combination with in vitro and in vivo data to address the question to what extent the pharmacologically active free drug concentration is affected by pregnancy induced processes. In human, a significant increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and an induction of hepatic CYP3A4 as well as plasma esterases is observed during pregnancy. We find that the observed increase in total plasma trough levels in rabbits can be explained as a combined result of (i) drug accumulation due to multiple dosing, (ii) increase of the binding protein SHBG, and (iii) clearance induction. For human, we predict that free drug concentrations in plasma would not increase during pregnancy above the steady state trough level for non-pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. pilari@mi.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilari
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Preusse
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huisinga
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011372:Progestins / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D011372:Progestins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A