title: Behavior of inorganic elements during sludge ozonation and their effects on sludge solubilization.
abstract: The behavior of inorganic elements (including phosphorus, nitrogen, and metals) during sludge ozonation was investigated using batch tests and the effects of metals on sludge solubilization were elucidated. A decrease of ∼ 50% in the ratio of sludge solubilization was found to relate to a high iron content 80-120 mgFe/gSS than that of 4.7-7.4 mgFe/gSS. During sludge ozonation, the pH decreased from 7 to 5, which resulted in the dissolution of chemically precipitated metals and phosphorus. Based on experimental results and thermodynamic calculation, phosphate precipitated by iron and aluminum was more difficult to release while that by calcium released with decrease in pH. The release of barium, manganese, and chrome did not exceed 10% and was much lower than COD solubilization; however, that of nickel, copper, and zinc was similar to COD solubilization. The ratio of nitrogen solubilization was 1.2 times higher than that of COD solubilization (R(2)=0.85). Of the total nitrogen solubilized, 80% was organic nitrogen. Because of their high accumulation potential and negative effect on sludge solubilization, high levels of iron and aluminum in both sewage and sludge should be considered carefully for the application of the advanced sewage treatment process with sludge ozonation and phosphorus crystallization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan. suipz@z05.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Pengzhe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagare
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuno
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001464:Barium / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D008670:Metals; D012722:Sewage; D001464:Barium; D010758:Phosphorus; D008345:Manganese; D010126:Ozone; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D009584:Nitrogen