title: Immunobiology and therapeutic applications of protein c/protein s/thrombomodulin in human and experimental allotransplantation and xenotransplantation.
abstract: Protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and thrombomodulin (TM) constitute a well-established, physiologically important anticoagulant pathway, but they also possess significant antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties through their ability to regulate macrophage activation. In vivo and in vitro data concerning these antiinflammatory actions are reviewed, with an emphasis on changes in the levels of these proteins during allograft and xenograft rejection, and potential therapeutic applications arising from their exogenous administration, or genetic engineering to maintain their expression, posttransplantation. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 1997;7:174-183). © 1997, Elsevier Science Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.; Sandoz Center for Immunobiology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bach