title: Maturation and fertilization of nonhuman primate oocytes are compromised by oral administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if oral administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor affects oocyte nuclear maturation and fertilization in nonhuman primates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory research study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical school.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Monkeys received gonadotropins to stimulate multiple follicular development. An ovulatory dose of hCG was administered either alone or with oral celecoxib, a COX2 inhibitor. Oocytes were retrieved 36 hours later and exposed to sperm in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocytes were assessed for nuclear status at retrieval, resumption of meiosis in vitro, and success of in vitro fertilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with hCG alone yielded oocytes that were primarily (72.9%) at the meiosis II (MII) stage of nuclear maturation; few oocytes were obtained at the germinal vesicle and germinal vesicle breakdown stages. Treatment with hCG and celecoxib yielded fewer mature (MII) oocytes (35.6%) and more oocytes at less mature stages compared with oocytes from monkeys treated with hCG alone. The majority (68.3 ± 15.9%) of MII oocytes from monkeys treated with hCG alone fertilized in vitro, compared with only 11.0 ± 5.9% of MII oocytes from monkeys treated with hCG and celecoxib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of a COX2 inhibitor reduced the rate of oocyte nuclear maturation and the success of in vitro fertilization. Drugs of this class may block multiple essential steps in female reproduction and be effective contraceptives for women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA. duffydm@evms.edu
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: VandeVoort
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human