title: In-mouth mechanisms leading to flavor release and perception.
abstract: During eating, foods are submitted to two main oral processes-chewing, including biting and crushing with teeth, and progressive impregnation by saliva resulting in the formation of a cohesive bolus and swallowing of the bolus. Texture influences the chewing behavior, including mastication and salivation, and in turn, these parameters influence texture perception and bolus formation. During this complex mouth process, flavor compounds are progressively released from the food matrix. This phenomenon is mainly dependent on the food texture, the composition and in-mouth breakdown, and on saliva impregnation and activity, but an individual's anatomical and physiological aspects characteristics should also be taken into account. This article reviews the knowledge and progresses on in-mouth processes leading to food breakdown and flavor release and affecting perception. Relationships between food texture and composition, food breakdown, oral physiology, and flavor release are developed and discussed. This review includes not only the mechanical aspects of oral physiology but also the biological aspects such as the influence of saliva composition, activity, and regulation on flavor perception. In vitro and in silico approaches are also described.
authors.affiliation: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup, Dijon, France. salles@dijon.inra.fr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salles
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chagnon
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guichard
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laboure
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morzel
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Semon
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarrega
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yven
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D005502:Food; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology*; D012472:Salivation; D013649:Taste; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents