title: Interactions between novel terpenes and main components of rat and human skin: mechanistic view for transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism(s) of percutaneous absorption of propranolol hydrochloride (PHCL) across rat and human cadaver skin using seven novel terpenes with reference to marker terpene 1,8-cineole. In-vitro skin permeation studies were carried out via rat and human skin models. The mechanism of skin permeation of PHCL by terpenes was evaluated by FTIR, DSC, activation energy measurement and histopathological examination. Amongst the new terpenes, 1,4-cineole was found to be most effective enhancer for diffusion of PHCL through rat skin (ER=3.07) and human cadaver skin (ER=2.42) as compared to control. FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of skin treated with aforesaid terpenes indicated that permeation occurred due to the disruption of lipid bilayers. No apparent skin irritation (erythema, edema) was observed on treatment of skin with terpenes, the irritation was higher with the β-citronellene and rose oxide. It was concluded that 1,4-cineole can be successfully used as potential permeation enhancer for PHCL. It enhanced the absorption of hydrophilic drug by extraction and disruption of lipid bilayers and keratin denaturation of stratum corneum.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, M.B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahad
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mujeeb
authors.forename: Asgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000009:adverse effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D013729:Terpenes; D011433:Propranolol; C058951:1,4-cineole