title: [Applied anatomical research of location of bone tunnel for posterolateral corner reconstruction of knee].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain the anatomical data of the insertions of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), popliteus tendon (PT), and popliteofibular ligament (PFL) for the posterolateral corner of the knee (PLC) reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty human cadaveric knees were chosen to observe the structure of PLC, including 14 males and 16 females with an average age of 55 years (range, 45-71 years ). The insertions of LCL, PT, and PFL were identified, then the distances from the centers of the insertions to specific bony landmarks were measured, which were lateral epicondyle, the most proximal point on the styloid process and the most anterior point on the anterior surface of the fibular head. Normalization processing of the actual numerical values from each knee was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The center of the LCL insertion was at the site of (1.27 +/- 3.10) mm proximal and (2.99 +/- 1.29) mm posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the femur respectively, and the center of the PT insertion was at the site of (8.85 +/- 3.38) mm distal and (3.83 +/- 1.95) mm posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the femur respectively. The center of the LCL insertion was at the site of (10.56 +/- 2.17) mm distal and (7.51 +/- 1.81) mm anterior to the nearest point of the fibular styloid respectively, and the center of the PFL insertion was at the sites of (1.31 +/- 0.55) mm distal and (0.49 +/- 1.36) mm anterior to the nearest point of the fibular styloid respectively. The cross-sectional area of the insertions of femur was (44.96 +/- 13.29) mm2 for the LCL and (52.52 +/- 11.93) mm2 for the PT, respectively; the cross-sectional area of the insertions of fibula was (35.93 +/- 11.21) mm2 for the LCL and (14.71 +/- 6.91) mm2 for the PFL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LCL, PT, and PFL have a consistent pattern of insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Ruian Zhejiang 325200, PR China. zzw_gk@126.com
authors.forename: Zhangwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chunyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Licheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guojing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xindong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology