title: Evaluating self-reported pressure ulcer prevention measures in persons with spinal cord injury using the revised Skin Management Needs Assessment Checklist: reliability study.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate, evaluate the reliability and cross-culturally adapt the Skin Management Needs Assessment Checklist (SMnac), a questionnaire evaluating the knowledge on pressure ulcer (PU) prevention measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  138 persons with SCI, mean age 45.9 years, mean time since injury 94 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in two stages. First, the questionnaire went through a forward-backward translation process and was cross-culturally adapted, according to a validated methodology for self-reported measures. Then, the test-retest reliability was evaluated on a population of persons with SCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standardized back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation led to the revised Smack grid, with the addition of seven items representing an update of PU prevention measures. The reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.899).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The revised SMnac is an adaptation of the SMnac, including therapeutic education frameworks and the latest PU prevention practices. It appears to be a reliable tool for assessing the knowledge and benefits of PU prevention in persons with SCI. Further studies are needed to explore its validity and responsiveness to change.
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Caremeau, Nîmes, France. a.gelis@propara.languedoc-mutualite.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gélis
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Daures
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benaim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colin
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelissier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fattal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057189:Checklist; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult