title: Electrosynthesized polymers for biosensing.
abstract: This tutorial review briefly surveys the chronological evolution of biosensor concepts based on electrogenerated polymers. The most common procedures of biomolecule immobilization are classified as direct electropolymerization, physical entrapment, covalent linkage, and anchoring by affinity interactions via electropolymerized films. These are discussed, and recent bioanalytical applications are described. The discussion emphasizes the use of templates for controlling the formation of nanowires and composite polymers. Recent advances in the design of three-dimensional biological architectures are also highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5250, Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Serge.Cosnier@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cosnier
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holzinger
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers