title: Primary endoscopic repair of intermediate laryngeal clefts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, small laryngeal clefts may be closed endoscopically, while larger clefts necessitate an open anterior approach. We report the presentation, evaluation and outcome following endoscopic surgical repair of a series of laryngeal clefts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of children treated in a tertiary referral centre between 2003 and 2008. The presenting symptoms, patient demographics, cleft type, surgical outcome and complications were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven children underwent primary endoscopic repair of their laryngeal clefts (four Benjamin-Inglis type III clefts and three type II clefts). Presenting symptoms included stridor, cough and cyanosis with feeds, swallowing problems, weak cry, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infection. Treatment was ultimately successful in six of the seven children; treatment was ongoing for the remaining child, who underwent subsequent revision surgery via an open approach. Two children went on to require a second endoscopic repair, and two underwent an open repair of a residual defect. One child required a tracheostomy for failed extubation in the post-operative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic repair is a safe, useful technique in the management of laryngeal clefts. Laryngeal clefts must be excluded in a child presenting with persistent aerodigestive tract symptoms, as described here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK. steve_broomfield@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Broomfield
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rothera
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome