title: Effect of preloading on hemodynamic of the patient undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypotension and bradycardia after conduction of spinal anaesthesia are common side effects because of sympathetic blockade. Efforts to prevent these complications have been attempted like preloading with crystalloids, colloids or use of vasopressors. The role of volume preloading to prevent hemodynamic changes associated with spinal anaesthesia has been recently questioned.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of volume preload on changes of patient's hemodynamic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Quasi- experimental design was used to conduct the study. Taking written informed consent, 40 patients of age group 18-45 years and ASA grade I and II undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia in operation theatre of Dhulikhel Hospital were selected as the sample of the study and allocated randomly to 2 groups. Group I did not receive volume preload and Group II received preload of 1000 ml of Ringer's lactate solution within 30 minutes immediately before giving the spinal anaesthesia. An observational checklist was used to collect demographic, intraoperative and post-operative records of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings revealed that the hemodynamic changes occurred in all patients. The decrease in SBP, MBP and DBP from baseline was statistically significant at all points of time (p = 0.000). The decrease in HR from baseline was not statistically significant at all points of time (p>0.05). The overall incidence of hypotension was 50%, among which 9 (45%) were from without preload group and 11 (55%) were from with preload group. The incidence of hypotension was similar in groups, sexes and surgical conditions (General Surgery, Gynae/Obs and Orthopaedics). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of findings, it is concluded that volume preloading had no effect on the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia after spinal anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Kavre, Nepal. docjeevan@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranjit
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Marahatta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate