title: Olive oil mill wastewater toxicity in the marine environment: alterations of stress indices in tissues of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
abstract: This study investigated the impact of olive mill wastewater (OMW) as a pollutant of the marine environment, via the detection of stress indice alterations in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Due to the absence of data concerning the levels of OMW in the receiving waters, mortality test (96h) was first performed in order to estimate the range of OMW concentration where no mortality occurs. OMW concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% (v/v) showed no increased mortality and thus were used for the determination of pre-pathological alterations in tissues of mussels. In particular, mussels exposed to either 0.1 or 0.01% (v/v) OMW for 5 days showed significant alterations of stress indices in their tissues. Specifically, decreased neutral red retention (NRR) assay time values, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, as well as a significant increase of micronucleus (MN) frequency and DNA damage were detected in haemolymph/haemocytes and gills, compared with values measured in tissues of control mussels. The results of the present study showed that OMW disposal into the marine environment could induce pre-pathological alterations in marine organisms, before severe disturbances, such as disease, mortality, or population changes occur.
authors.affiliation: Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece. sdailianis@upatras.gr
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Danellakis
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ntaikou
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kornaros
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailianis
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D006115:Greece; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009499:Neutral Red / Q000494:pharmacology; D031658:Olea / Q000633:toxicity; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009499:Neutral Red; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase