title: Effects of folic acid supplementation to rations differing in the concentrate to roughage ratio on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow at the duodenum, and on serum and milk variables of dairy cows.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary folic acid (FOL) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, duodenal nutrient flow, serum and milk variables, and on B-vitamin concentration in serum. The study was divided into two experiments: in Exp. 1 the forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio of the diet (DM basis) was 34:66 (high concentrate, HC), while in Exp. 2 the F:C ratio was 66:34 (high forage, HF). In addition, the cows received 0 or 1 g FOL/d. In Exp. 1, two German Holstein cows equipped with cannulas in the dorsal sac of the rumen and in the proximal duodenum were dry and five were lactating (186 +/- 144 days in milk); in Exp. 2 four cows were dry and four were lactating (165 +/- 57 days in milk). In cows fed the HC diet, FOL supplementation decreased the ruminally-fermented organic matter. Thus, less energy was available for ruminal microorganisms, which resulted in a reduced microbial crude protein flow at the duodenum. Feeding the HF diet, FOL supplementation only increased the apparent ruminal digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF). With the HF diet, FOL had no influence on the serum levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, urea, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, pyridoxic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide or nicotinic acid, whereas supplementing FOL to the HC diet lowered the serum glucose and riboflavin levels. In both experiments, the supplementation of FOL had no effects on milk composition. Folic acid supplementation to both diets increased the concentrations of serum 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate. However, no beneficial effects to dairy cows were obvious. Therefore, to achieve certain results, studies with a higher number of non-fistulated cows would be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ragaller
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebzien
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bigalke
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Südekum
authors.forename: Liane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hüthera
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flachowsky
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004386:Duodenum; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012417:Rumen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D005492:Folic Acid