title: Elicitation of Streptomyces coelicolor with dead cells of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus in a bioreactor increases production of undecylprodigiosin.
abstract: Since microorganisms normally co-exist with other species in nature, they have developed complex metabolic and physiological responses as a result of such interspecies interactions. We utilized some of these interactions by introducing heat-killed cells of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus to Streptomyces coelicolor cultures and, as a result, stimulated undecylprodigiosin production. Undecylprodigiosin is not only an antibiotic; it has also been attributed with antitumor activities, but, in a defined medium, pure cultures of S. coelicolor produced only low concentrations. Elicitation with B. subtilis increased the maximum undecylprodigiosin concentration by threefold and S. aureus by fivefold compared with the pure culture of S. coelicolor. Growth and glucose consumption of elicited S. coelicolor, however, remained similar to those observed in the pure culture. Furthermore, another positive outcome of the elicitation with both B. subtilis and S. aureus was the earlier onset of undecylprodigiosin production by 24 h compared with the pure culture of S. coelicolor. This is the first time that such a phenomenon has been seen in 2 L bioreactors. Our work supports the use of biotic elicitation in order to enhance the production of secondary metabolites for industrial-scale applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Khalid Jaber Kadhum
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Luti
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mavituna
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D019149:Bioreactors; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D011353:Prodigiosin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D048372:Streptomyces coelicolor / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C047347:undecylprodigiosin; D011353:Prodigiosin