title: Protective effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne against 1-methyl-4-phenylpridinium ion and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity in cellular model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Chrysanthemum indicum Linn. (CI) has been used in Oriental medicine for several centuries. In the present study, the effect of CI extract was evaluated against 1-methyl-4-phenylpridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Cell viability, oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species, expression of Bcl-2/Bax, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteolysis were evaluated using SH-SY5Y cells. Production of iNOS, prostaglandin E(2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, expression of cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) and type-1 (COX-1) were examined in activated BV-2 microglia. At 1, 10 and 100 μg, CI inhibited cell loss, decreased the reactive oxygen species production, regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibited PARP proteolysis in MPP(+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, CI suppressed the production of prostaglandin E(2,) expression of cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2), blocked IκB-α degradation and activation of NF-κB p65 in BV-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The molecular mechanisms involved by CI might involve its inhibitory actions both on neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammatory NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathway. The present investigation scientifically supports the long history and safe usage of CI as an important functional food with potential benefits in ameliorating deleterious conditions seen in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Su
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Sushruta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppula
authors.forename: Byung-Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Kug
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium