title: Cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter anisotropy and diffusivity in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was conducted to evaluate simultaneously gray matter changes and white matter changes in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter anisotropy and diffusivity changes in schizophrenic patients (n = 21) were assessed relative to age-, gender-, and parental socioeconomic status-matched healthy controls (n = 21). We used a newly described semi-automated method (FreeSurfer version 4.5) to determine cortical thickness and gray matter volume and used the tract-based spatial statistics method to evaluate white matter anisotropy and diffusivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Schizophrenic patients showed a significant decrease in hippocampal volume compared with healthy controls. No significant thickness deficits or anisotropy and diffusivity changes were found in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls. Stepwise multivariate analysis revealed that hippocampal volume was positively related to duration of illness in schizophrenic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that hippocampal volume is smaller in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls and that progressive hippocampal volume loss occurs in the early course of illness in schizophrenic patients but not in the more chronic stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. tanomizu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gonoi
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index