title: Serum PARC/CCL-18 concentrations and health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no accepted blood-based biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC/CCL-18) is a lung-predominant inflammatory protein that is found in serum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether PARC/CCL-18 levels are elevated and modifiable in COPD and to determine their relationship to clinical end points of hospitalization and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  PARC/CCL-18 was measured in serum samples from individuals who participated in the ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) and LHS (Lung Health Study) studies and a prednisolone intervention study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum PARC/CCL-18 levels were higher in subjects with COPD than in smokers or lifetime nonsmokers without COPD (105 vs. 81 vs. 80 ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.0001). Elevated PARC/CCL-18 levels were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization or mortality in the LHS cohort and with total mortality in the ECLIPSE cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum PARC/CCL-18 levels are elevated in COPD and track clinical outcomes. PARC/CCL-18, a lung-predominant chemokine, could be a useful blood biomarker in COPD.
authors.affiliation: UBC James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6 Canada. don.sin@hli.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Don D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Annelyse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duvoix
authors.forename: S F Paul
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Xuekui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Edwin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Connett
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Anthonisen
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tashkin
authors.forename: Bartolome R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Locantore
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Macnee
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tal-Singer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lomas
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C111792:CCL18 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D011239:Prednisolone