title: Waterpipe smoking in Kuwait.
abstract: A nonrandom sampIe of 2972 Kuwaitis answered a questionnaire about smoking behaviour and beliefs. More than one-third (35%) were nonsmokers, 45% smoked only the waterpipe, 12% only cigarettes and 8% both waterpipe and cigarettes. Compared with cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers were more likely to be female and to be unskilled manual workers than professionals or students. Waterpipe smokers started the habit at an older age on average than cigarette smokers. Most waterpipe smokers smoked only 1 bowl per day, and smoked mostly at coffee houses. Factor analysis of beliefs about waterpipe smoking resulted in 4 groups of beliefs which explained 50% of the variance. The results are discussed in terms of public health policy and possible risk reduction strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, University of Kuwait, Kuwait.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Shell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water