title: Temporal envelope compensation for robust phoneme recognition using modulation spectrum.
abstract: A robust feature extraction technique for phoneme recognition is proposed which is based on deriving modulation frequency components from the speech signal. The modulation frequency components are computed from syllable-length segments of sub-band temporal envelopes estimated using frequency domain linear prediction. Although the baseline features provide good performance in clean conditions, the performance degrades significantly in noisy conditions. In this paper, a technique for noise compensation is proposed where an estimate of the noise envelope is subtracted from the noisy speech envelope. The noise compensation technique suppresses the effect of additive noise in speech. The robustness of the proposed features is further enhanced by the gain normalization technique. The normalized temporal envelopes are compressed with static (logarithmic) and dynamic (adaptive loops) compression and are converted into modulation frequency features. These features are used in an automatic phoneme recognition task. Experiments are performed in mismatched train/test conditions where the test data are corrupted with various environmental distortions like telephone channel noise, additive noise, and room reverberation. Experiments are also performed on large amounts of real conversational telephone speech. In these experiments, the proposed features show substantial improvements in phoneme recognition rates compared to other speech analysis techniques. Furthermore, the contribution of various processing stages for robust speech signal representation is analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. ganapathy@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Sriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganapathy
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Hynek
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hermansky
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D010700:Phonetics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013997:Time Factors