title: [Pleuro-pneumonectomy in the treatment of pulmonary carcinoma complicated with diffuse pleural metastasis and malignant pleural effusion].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the international standard in TNM staging of pulmonary carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma complicated with diffuse pleural metastasis and malignant pleural effusion belongs to IIIB stage. In the past, non-operative therapy was employed, but both the therapeutic efficacy and the quality of life of patients were poor. The purpose of this study is to find out a complex treatment for this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total pleuro-pneumonectomy was performed in 55 cases of patients with pulmonary carcinoma complicated with diffuse pleural metastasis and malignant pleural effusion from December 1978 to February 2003. The patients were followed up postoperatively, and the quality of life and survival period of them were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the cases, only 2 patients died of operation. Satisfactory recovery and remarkable relief of symptoms such as short breath, dyspnea and chest pain were found in all the other patients. After a follow-up period of 1-25 years, local recurrence was found in 6 cases (11.3%), and distant metastasis in 42 cases (79.2%). A total of 48 patients died of tumor, with survival period ranging from 5-40 months (average survival period: 15 months; median survival period: 14 months), and 5 patients were still alive in good health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Patients appropriated for operation should be carefully selected in case that postoperative complications influence their smooth recovery; (2) Tumor tissues should be removed as clear as possible; (3) During the operation, close attention should be paid to the protection of incisions; (4) Removal of the tumor tissues can reduce the tumor load, effectively clean the immunosuppressive factors in malignant pleural effusion, and break the immunity block status, which provides basis for the following comprehensive therapy; (5) The quality of life of the patients can be improved and the median survival period can be prolonged by the operation; (6) The long-term survival rate of patients is still unsatisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Naikang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Yu'e
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaomai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang