title: Epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in dairy herds from Costa Rica.
abstract: Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in almost all areas of livestock production of Costa Rica. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in dairy farms of Costa Rica by the recombinant truncated MSP-5 (rMSP-5) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples were obtained from 733 cattle from 20 commercial dairy herds of Costa Rica. The overall seroprevalence was 37.2% and herd seroprevalence ranged from 20.0 to 72.0%. The age-specific seroprevalence was 49.3% in young and 33.4% in adult animals. The main risk factors associated with seroprevalence were season of occurrence of clinical cases (rainy season) (OR=22.8), presence of tabanids (OR=9.5) and stable flies (OR=6.2), stable flies control measures (OR=3.2), non-use of ear tattoos (OR=2.8), interval of veterinary visit (≤ 60 days) (OR=2.7), altitude of the farms (<800 masl) (OR=2.6) and age (<2 years) (OR=1.8). The results indicated that exposure of cattle to Anaplasma marginale is common in dairy herds of Costa Rica and endemic instability situation probably is due to inadequate vector control.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Parasitologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros SN, Recife, CEP 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil. bianque01@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soto-Barrientos
authors.forename: E S P
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: C A N
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D042322:Anaplasma marginale / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D003364:Costa Rica / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013987:Ticks / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; C111578:major surface protein 5, Anaplasma