title: Fueling the fire in acute kidney injury: endothelial cells collect their Toll.
abstract: Chen et al. demonstrate endothelial expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the outer medulla of the kidney early in the course of ischemic acute kidney injury. Furthermore, they provide data that support the hypothesis that activation of endothelial TLR4 in the early extension phase of AKI by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules released from injured tubules results in endothelial activation. This activation can serve to amplify inflammation and tubular damage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and the Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. tsutton2@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Pierre C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagher
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4