title: A role for ΔFosB in calorie restriction-induced metabolic changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calorie restriction (CR) induces long-term changes in motivation to eat highly palatable food and, in body weight regulation, through an unknown mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a period of CR and refeeding, mice were assessed by behavioral and metabolic studies and for levels of the transcription factor ΔFosB. The ΔFosB levels were then increased specifically in nucleus accumbens (NAc) with viral-mediated gene transfer, and behavioral and metabolic studies were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that accumulation of ΔFosB in the NAc shell after CR in mice corresponds to a period of increased motivation for high fat reward and reduced energy expenditure. Furthermore, ΔFosB overexpression in this region increases instrumental responding for a high fat reward via an orexin-dependent mechanism while also decreasing energy expenditure and promoting adiposity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ΔFosB signaling in NAc mediates adaptive responses to CR.
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vialou
authors.forename: Huxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perello
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahgoub
authors.forename: Hana G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Augustus J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Heena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pranav
authors.forename: Saendy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yangisawa
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zigman
authors.forename: Joel K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Elmquist
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nestler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lutter
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009042:Motivation / Q000235:genetics; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000235:genetics; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D002245:Carbon Dioxide