title: [Standardized male circumcision with Shang Ring reduces postoperative complications: a report of 351 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of standardized male circumcision with Shang Ring in reducing postoperative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed standardized male circumcision with Shang Ring for 351 males aged 4-58 (mean 31) years, 46 with phimosis and 305 with redundant prepuce, and observed the complications, including postoperative bleeding, infection, edema, and wound dehiscence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main complications included infection (5 cases, 1.42%), mild edema (9 cases, 2.56%), moderate edema (5 cases, 1.42%), and wound dehiscence (6 cases, 1.71%), but no postoperative bleeding was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the standard protocol of circumcision with Shang Ring, well-trained male circumcision providers can significantly reduce postoperative complications and enhance the patient's satisfaction. Normalized training of the circumcision providers is essential for the popularization of standardized male circumcision with Shang Ring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexual Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China. yifengpeng@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Yi-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Ben-Hai
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*