title: Nogo-B is associated with cytoskeletal structures in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reticulon Nogo-B participates in cellular and immunological processes in murine macrophages. Since leukocytes are an essential part of the immune system in health and disease, we decided to investigate the expression of Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C in different human immune cell subpopulations. Furthermore, we analyzed the localization of Nogo-B in human monocyte-derived macrophages by indirect immunofluorescence stainings to gain further insight into its possible function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe an association of Nogo-B with cytoskeletal structures and the base of filopodia, but not with focal or podosomal adhesion sites of monocyte-derived macrophages. Nogo-B positive structures are partially co-localized with RhoA staining and Rac1 positive membrane ruffles. Furthermore, Nogo-B is associated with the tubulin network, but not accumulated in the Golgi region. Although Nogo-B is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, it can also be translocated to large cell protrusions or the trailing end of migratory cells, where it is homogenously distributed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two different Nogo-B staining patterns can be distinguished in macrophages: firstly we observed ER-independent Nogo-B localization in cell protrusions and at the trailing end of migrating cells. Secondly, the localization of Nogo-B in actin/RhoA/Rac1 positive regions supports an influence on cytoskeletal organization. To our knowledge this is the first report on Nogo-B expression at the base of filopodia, thus providing further insight into the distribution of this protein.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. markus.reindl@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schanda
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stefanova
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gredler
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bandtlow
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reindl