title: Accurate measurement of body weight and food intake in environmentally enriched male Wistar rats.
abstract: Laboratory animals are crucial in the study of energy homeostasis. In particular, rats are used to study alterations in food intake and body weight. To accurately record food intake or energy expenditure it is necessary to house rats individually, which can be stressful for social animals. Environmental enrichment may reduce stress and improve welfare in laboratory rodents. However, the effect of environmental enrichment on food intake and thus experimental outcome is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of environmental enrichment on food intake, body weight, behavior and fecal and plasma stress hormones in male Wistar rats. Singly housed 5-7-week-old male rats were given either no environmental enrichment, chew sticks, a plastic tube of 67 mm internal diameter, or both chew sticks and a tube. No differences in body weight or food intake were seen over a 7-day period. Importantly, the refeeding response following a 24-h fast was unaffected by environmental enrichment. Rearing, a behavior often associated with stress, was significantly reduced in all enriched groups compared to controls. There was a significant increase in fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) in animals housed with both forms of enrichment compared to controls at the termination of the study, suggesting enrichment reduces hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in singly housed rats. In summary, environmental enrichment does not influence body weight and food intake in singly housed male Wistar rats and may therefore be used to refine the living conditions of animals used in the study of energy homeostasis without compromising experimental outcome.
authors.affiliation: Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kylie E L
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Eleanor K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kerton
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Kirsty L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001835:Body Weight; D002149:Energy Intake; D004777:Environment; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012107:Research Design; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A