title: Colloidal quasicrystals with 12-fold and 18-fold diffraction symmetry.
abstract: Micelles are the simplest example of self-assembly found in nature. As many other colloids, they can self-assemble in aqueous solution to form ordered periodic structures. These structures so far all exhibited classical crystallographic symmetries. Here we report that micelles in solution can self-assemble into quasicrystalline phases. We observe phases with 12-fold and 18-fold diffraction symmetry. Colloidal water-based quasicrystals are physically and chemically very simple systems. Macroscopic monodomain samples of centimeter dimension can be easily prepared. Phase transitions between the fcc phase and the two quasicrystalline phases can be easily followed in situ by time-resolved diffraction experiments. The discovery of quasicrystalline colloidal solutions advances the theoretical understanding of quasicrystals considerably, as for these systems the stability of quasicrystalline states has been theoretically predicted for the concentration and temperature range, where they are experimentally observed. Also for the use of quasicrystals in advanced materials this discovery is of particular importance, as it opens the route to quasicrystalline photonic band gap materials via established water-based colloidal self-assembly techniques.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zielske
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perlich
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deloudi
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steurer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Förster