title: Comparison of MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differentiation between malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) is important but sometimes difficult, especially in elderly cancer patients. The authors investigated the findings of MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT for the differentiation of VCFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 and 2008, the authors evaluated and treated 102 VCFs in 96 patients. The final diagnosis, based on biopsy results or clinical follow-up, was benign fracture in 67 lesions in 65 patients and malignant fracture in 35 lesions in 31 patients. Magnetic resonance images were obtained in all patients, and FDG-PET/CT was performed in 17 patients in the benign fracture group and 20 in the malignant fracture group. The prevalence of 3 significant MR imaging findings (posterior cortical bulging, epidural mass formation, and pedicle enhancement) and the presence of radiotracer uptake on FDG-PET/CT were evaluated in the 2 groups. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) on FDG-PET/CT was compared between the 2 groups, and diagnostic threshold value was sought to confirm malignancy. The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT was compared in the differentiation of malignant from benign VCFs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posterior cortical bulging was seen in 26 (74%) of 35 malignant lesions and 30 (45%) of 67 benign ones, epidural mass formation in 27 (77%) of the malignant lesions and 25% of the benign ones, and pedicle enhancement in 30 (91%) of the 33 malignant lesions and 18 (39%) of the 46 benign ones evaluated with Gd-enhanced MR imaging. These differences were statistically significant for each feature. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting malignancy were, respectively, 74% and 55% for posterior cortical bulging, 77% and 74% for epidural mass formation, and 90% and 61% for pedicle enhancement. Simultaneous occurrence of 3 significant features was found in 21 (64%) of the 33 malignant and 8 (17%) of the 46 benign lesions for which complete MR imaging data were available and showed sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 83%. The presence of radiotracer uptake on FDG-PET/CT was seen in all 20 (100%) of the 20 malignant lesions and 12 (71%) 17 of the benign lesions evaluated by FDG-PET/CT and showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 29%. There was a significant difference in mean (± SD) SUV(max) for the malignant (6.29 ± 3.50) and benign (2.38 ± 1.90) lesions (p < 0.001). The most reliable threshold for SUV(max) was found to be 4.25, which yielded a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When MR imaging findings are equivocal, FDG-PET/CT can be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic method for differentiating malignant from benign VCFs. In comparison with MR imaging, FDG-PET/CT showed slightly higher sensitivity and lower specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Ik
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ung-Kyu
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18