title: Synergistic growth-inhibitory effects of fenretinide with either cisplatin or paclitaxel on human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the growth-inhibitory effects of cisplatin, paclitaxel and fenretinide on human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3) and to determine whether fenretinide can synergy with the first two drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3) was cultured. Different concentrations of cisplatin, paclitaxel and fenretinide were added into cells. The LD50 concentration of each drug was measured. The number of viable cells was determined by MTT (dimethyl thiozolyl-2',5'-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The interactions between fenretinide-cisplatin and fenretinide-paclitaxel were represented as percent inhibition of viable cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LD50 concentrations of cisplatin, paclitaxel and fenretinide were 1.5 microg/ml, 27 nmol/ml and 0.4 micromol/ml, respectively. The percent inhibition of viable cells of cisplatin was 35%, 70% and 74% (at 1, 2 and 2.5 microg/ml), paclitaxel was 5%, 9% and 43% (at 5, 10 and 20 nmol/ml) and fenretinide was 9%, 12% and 25% (at 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 micromol/ml), respectively. The growth-inhibitory effects of the cisplatin-fenretinide combination: 1+0.025, 2+0.05 and 2.5+0.1 and paclitaxel-fenretinide combination: 5+0.025, 10+0.05 and 20+0.1 were 100% with statistically significance. These combinations of fenretinide with either cisplatin or paclitaxel demonstrated the synergistic growth-inhibitory effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combinations of fenretinide with either cisplatin or paclitaxel demonstrated the synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. From our results, we expected that the using of fenretinide in combination with cisplatin or paclitaxel can possibly lower the dosage of these drugs. Therefore, the side effects and toxicities of drugs could be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. imchutin@medicine.psu.ac.th
authors.forename: Chutinat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: ImAim
authors.forename: Saibua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chicharoen
authors.forename: Prasit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reungrairatanaroj
authors.forename: Tippawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liabsuetrakul
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D017313:Fenretinide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin