title: Protective effect of Garcinia against renal oxidative stress and biomarkers induced by high fat and sucrose diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity became major health problem in the world, the objective of this work was to examine the effect of high sucrose and high fat diet to induce obesity on antioxidant defense system, biochemical changes in blood and tissue of control, non treated and treated groups by administration of Garcinia cambogia, and explore the mechanisms that link obesity with altered renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were fed a standard control diet for 12 week (wk) or a diet containing 65% high sucrose (HSD) or 35% fat (HFD) for 8 wk and then HFD group divided into two groups for the following 4 wks. One group was given Garcinia+HFD, the second only high fat, Also the HSD divided into two groups, 1st HSD+Garcinia and 2nd HSD. Blood and renal, mesenteric, Perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues were collected for biochemical assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFD and HSD groups of rats showed a significant increase in feed intake, Body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). Also there were significant increases in weights of mesenteric, Perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues in HFD and HSD groups.HFD and HSD affect the kidney by increasing serum urea and creatinine levels and decreased level of nitric oxide (NO) and increased blood glucose, low density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were significantly decreased in HFD while there were significant increases in HSD and HSD+G groups p ≤ 0.05 compared with control. Moreover, renal catalase activities and MDA levels were significantly increased while NO level was lowered. These changes improved by Garcinia that decreased the oxidative stress biomarkers and increased NO level.There were significant positive correlations among BMI, kidney functions (Creatinine and urea), TG and Oxidative markers (renal MDA and catalase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rats fed a diet with HFD or HSD showed, hypertriglyceridemia, increased LDL production, increased oxidative stress and renal alteration. Moreover, suggesting association between lipid peroxidation, obesity and nephropathy, while Garcinia ameliorated the damaging effects of the HFD or HSD and decreased feed intake, MDA level and decreased oxidative stress in renal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Vete, Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. kaamin10@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kamal A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Hamdy H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abd Eltawab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D029761:Garcinia cambogia; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase