title: Antiplatelet effects of Spatholobus suberectus via inhibition of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vine stem of Spatholobus suberectus is a widely used blood-activating and stasis-dispelling medicine for the treatment of diseases related to blood stasis syndrome in traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the clinical effects of Spatholobus suberectus against blood stasis syndromes using in vitro and in vivo platelet aggregation studies and to investigate its exact mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We extracted vine stems of Spatholobus suberectus, using 95% EtOH (SSE) and investigated its antiplatelet activity on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). For the mechanism study, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) assay using flow cytometric analysis and a thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) assay were performed. In addition, we investigated the effects of SSE in a thromboembolic mouse model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSE significantly inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in human PRP concentration-dependently without affecting plasma clotting time. It also significantly inhibited fibrinogen binding to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor and partly inhibited the formation of TXA(2). In the in vivo study, oral administration of SSE dose-dependently suppressed the death of thromboembolism model mice induced by intravenous injection of collagen plus epinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSE showed antiplatelet activity without anticoagulant effects mainly through the inhibition of fibrinogen binding to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor. Our current results support the clinical usage of SSE in the East Asian region treating atherothrombotic diseases and may represent a new natural source to develop antiplatelet agents.
authors.affiliation: Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Daechi-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-501, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Beom-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: In-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Youngmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sungho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Woochang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Deok-Sang
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Wookyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyoungyoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Jong-In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hye Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Jae-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lew
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine; D007887:Fabaceae; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018547:Plant Stems; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000187:drug effects; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D005340:Fibrinogen; D003094:Collagen; D004837:Epinephrine