title: Chlorine disinfection of blended municipal wastewater effluents.
abstract: Blending is used in the wastewater industry to manage wet-weather events. Wastewater is treated through primary clarification, with flows in excess of the hydraulic capacity of the secondary system being directed to effluent disinfection. Before disinfection, the primary clarified effluent is "blended" with effluents that have been treated through the secondary system. The combined or "blended" effluents are then disinfected before being discharged to receiving waters. This study evaluated the effectiveness of chlorine to disinfect blended effluents. Experiments were conducted at bench-scale on primary and secondary effluents and three ratios of primary to secondary effluent (1:9, 3:7, and 5:5) from three publicly owned treatment works. Results from this study found that blending 10% or more primary effluent with secondary reduces the efficacy of chlorine disinfection, and coliphage survived chlorine disinfection better than bacterial indicator organisms. A simple empirical model for predicting indicator organism densities following chlorine disinfection was developed using data from this research.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. boczek.laura@epa.gov
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Boczek
authors.forename: Clifford H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meckes
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D054879:Halogenation; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine