title: Valuing pharmacogenetic testing services: a comparison of patients' and health care professionals' preferences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study compared the preferences of patients and health-care professionals for the key attributes of a pharmacogenetic testing service to identify a patient's risk of developing a side effect (neutropenia) from the immunosuppressant, azathioprine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A discrete choice experiment was posted to a sample of patients (n=309) and health-care professionals (HCPs) (n=410), as part of the TARGET study. Five attributes, with four levels each, described the service as follows: level of information given; predictive ability of the test; how the sample is collected; turnaround time for a result; who explains the test result. Data from each sample were first analyzed separately and responses were compared by 1) identifying the impact of the scale parameter, and 2) estimating marginal rates of substitution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final analysis included 159 patients and 138 HCPs (50% & 34% response rates). Estimated attribute coefficients from the patient and HCP sample differed in size, after taking into account the impact of the scale parameter. Patients and HCPs had similar preferences for predictive accuracy of the test and were willing to wait 2 days for a 1% improvement in test accuracy. Patients preferred to obtain more information and were willing to wait 19 days compared to 8 days for HCPs for providing higher levels of information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients demanded accurate and timely information from health-care professionals about why it was necessary to have a pharmacogenetic test and what the test results mean. In contrast, health-care professionals appear to focus more exclusively or entirely upon the predictive accuracy and waiting time for a test result.
authors.affiliation: The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. katherine.payne@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fargher
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tricker
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D033142:Genetic Services; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D057240:Patient Preference; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D001379:Azathioprine