title: [Knowing better--does pride lead to persisting with superfluous procedures?].
abstract: Hubris, or pride, is one of the seven cardinal sins, which can manifest itself in over-confidence, incorrect heuristics and biased reasoning. If a tendency to 'know better' leads to performing superfluous procedures, it is an expression of Hubris. Superfluous procedures can be defined as "generally accepted procedures the effectiveness of which can be invalidated on the basis of scientific knowledge". If such superfluous procedures are carried out as a result of pride they can lead to a waste of money, time and resources and may even harm the patient. Superfluous procedures cover the entire spectrum of medical screening, diagnosis and treatment. Carrying out superfluous procedures such as unnecessary referrals or requesting unnecessary diagnostic tests simply to placate the patient is unwarranted. A return to economically viable and worthwhile healthcare can be brought about by thinking in terms of surplus value for the patient and by recognising, admitting and combating Hubris.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Swinkels
authors.forename: Piet J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bakkeren
authors.forename: Dirk T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ubbink
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010465:Perception; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*