title: Clinical characteristics, vascular function, and inflammation in women with angina in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis: the Dallas Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  we sought to evaluate the relationship between angina and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in women, and among women without CAC, the associations between angina and clinical, vascular, and inflammatory factors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  angina in women without coronary atherosclerosis is associated with significant morbidity, yet its determinants are poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  women ages 30 to 65 years from the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic probability sample of Dallas County residents, who completed a Rose angina questionnaire and had complete data for CAC by computed tomography were selected for this analysis. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and aortic compliance by magnetic resonance imaging were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  among the 1,480 women in this cohort (mean age 45 years, 49% African-American), angina was present in 6.9% but was not associated with CAC (19% CAC prevalence with angina vs. 15% without, p = 0.2). Among women without CAC, angina was related to variables reflecting obesity and insulin resistance and was independently associated with African-American ethnicity, premature family history of myocardial infarction, and waist circumference (all p < 0.05). Such women with angina also had higher levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (668 vs. 592 ng/ml, p = 0.02) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (1,106 vs. 968 ng/ml, p = 0.01) and reduced aortic compliance (mean 22 vs. 26 ml/mm Hg, p = 0.007) than such women without angina. Conversely, there was no difference in C-reactive protein or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels for women with and without angina (p = not significant, each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  angina among women in the general population is common and is not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Additionally, angina in the absence of subclinical atherosclerosis is not related to many traditional atherosclerotic risk factors but is associated with clinical, inflammatory, and vascular factors that reflect endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness, suggesting a distinct vascular etiology and alternative potential therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: DonaldW. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Kamakki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Divijani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puttagunta
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Darren K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Lemos
authors.forename: Alice Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002118:Calcium