title: High-level expression of podoplanin in benign and malignant soft tissue tumors: immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis.
abstract: Podoplanin is a 38 kDa mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein that was first identified in rat glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes). It is expressed in normal lymphatic endothelium, but is absent from vascular endothelial cells. D2-40 is a commercially available mouse monoclonal antibody which binds to an epitope on human podoplanin. D2-40 immunoreactivity is therefore highly sensitive and specific for lymphatic endothelium. Recent investigations have shown widespread applications of immunohistochemical staining with D2-40 in evaluating podoplanin expression as an immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis and prognosis in various tumors. To determine whether the podoplanin (D2-40) antibody may be useful for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, 125 cases, including 4 kinds of benign tumors, 15 kinds of malignant tumors and 3 kinds of tumor-like lesions were immunostained using the D2-40 antibody. Total RNA was extracted from frozen tumor tissue obtained from 41 corresponding soft tissue tumor patients and 12 kinds of soft tissue tumor cell lines. Quantitative real-time PCR reactions were performed. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses demonstrated the expression of the podoplanin protein and mRNA in the majority of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions examined, with the exception of alveolar soft part sarcoma, embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor and lipoma, which were completely negative for podoplanin. Since it is widely and highly expressed in nearly all kinds of soft tissue tumors, especially in spindle cell sarcoma, myxoid type soft tissue tumors and soft tissue tumors of the nervous system, podoplanin is considered to have little value in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 757-1, Asahimachi-dori, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogose
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ariizumi
authors.forename: Guidong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umezu
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D051677:Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008080:Liposarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018241:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000098853:Podoplanin
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C117468:PDPN protein, human; D000098853:Podoplanin