title: [Evaluation of homogeneity and density of root canal filling with four obturation techniques].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the homogeneity and density of root canal filling with four obturation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty extracted single root teeth were randomly divided into four groups with 10 teeth each. Under simulated clinical conditions, the root canals were shaped with Nickle titanium rotary files (Protaper) using crown-down technique and were filled with warm vertically condensed gutta-percha (group A), core carrier technique-thermafil (group B), guttaflow (group C) and conventional cold laterally condensed gutta-percha (group D). Roots were sectioned at four levels. The cross-sections were photographed through a microscope, the photos were analysed, and the percentage of gutta-percha filled area (PGFA) was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall PGFA values were (96.5 ± 3.6)%, (95.6 ± 3.9)%, (86.5 ± 5.7)% and (81.5 ± 4.2)% for groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The differences between these groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Group A and B were significantly higher than group C and D (P < 0.01). The PGFA in group D was significantly lower than that in other groups (P < 0.01). The average PGFA in both group A and B was higher than that of group C and D at apical and middle level (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warm vertical condensation and thermafil produce significantly higher PGFA than guttaflow and cold lateral condensation technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stamatology, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ben-xiang
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D009532:Nickel; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; C515718:GuttaFlow; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium