title: Infants perceived as "fussy" are more likely to receive complementary foods before 4 months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to assess early infant-feeding patterns in a cohort of low-income black mothers and to examine associations between maternal perception of infant temperament and complementary feeding (CF) before 4 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used cross-sectional data from the 3-month visit (n = 217) of the Infant Care, Feeding and Risk of Obesity Study to assess relationships between early feeding of solids or juice and 6 dimensions of perceived infant temperament. Descriptive statistics were used to assess infant-feeding patterns, and logistic regression models were fit for each diet-temperament relationship found significant in the bivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven percent of the infants were fed solid foods at 3 months, 25% were fed juice, and 6% were exclusively breastfed. In multivariable analyses, 2 dimensions of perceived infant temperament were associated with early feeding of solid foods (distress-to-limitations odds ratio [OR]: 1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-3.44]; activity-level OR: 1.75 [95% CI: 1.07-2.85]), whereas 1 dimension, low-intensity pleasure, was associated with early feeding of juice (OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.34-0.78]). Maternal characteristics significantly associated with early CF included breastfeeding, obesity, and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-income black mothers may represent a priority population for interventions aimed at improving adherence to optimal infant feeding recommendations. That maternal perceptions of several domains of perceived infant temperament are related to early CF suggests that this is an important factor to include in future observational research and in the design of interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA. wasser@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wasser
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borja
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davis Goldman
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slining
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adair
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D007225:Infant Food / Q000009:adverse effects; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology; D010465:Perception; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult