title: Canine spinal nephroblastoma: long-term outcomes associated with treatment of 10 cases (1996-2009).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report clinical outcome associated with treatment of canine spinal cord nephroblastoma (CSN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n=10) with histopathologically confirmed CSN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of dogs with CSN were reviewed and clinicopathologic, diagnostic imaging, treatment, outcome, and survival data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSN resulted in clinical signs of chronic, progressive T3-L3 myelopathy in young, large breed dogs, with an overrepresentation of German Shepherd Dogs (n=4). All CSN were located between T9 and L2. Dogs treated with cytoreductive surgery (n=6) or radiotherapy (1) survived longer (median, 374 days; range, 226-560 days) than dogs treated palliatively (3; median, 55 days; range, 38-176 days). Tumors confined to an intradural-extramedullary (ID-EM) location were associated with superior survival (n=6; median, 380 days; range, 176-560 days) than tumors with intramedullary (IM) involvement (n=4; median, 140 days; range, 38-269 days). Treatment resulted in temporary improvement in neurologic function in 9 dogs, including all dogs treated surgically, but local disease progression resulted in death of 8 dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this observational study suggest that surgical cytoreduction and radiotherapy are effective at improving survival in dogs with CSN, and that ID-EM tumors may be associated with a more favorable prognosis than IM neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Francois-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Liebel
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rossmeisl
authors.forename: Otto I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D018450:Disease Progression; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*