title: Photothermal treatment of glioma; an in vitro study of macrophage-mediated delivery of gold nanoshells.
abstract: One of the major factors that limits the treatment effectiveness for gliomas is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which protects infiltrating glioma cells from the effects of anti-cancer agents. Circulating monocytes/macrophages (Ma) have a natural ability to traverse the intact and compromised BBB and loaded with anti cancer agents could be used as vectors to target tumors and surrounding tumor infiltrated tissue. Nanoshells (NS) are composed of a dielectric core (silica) coated with an ultrathin gold layer which converts absorbed near-infrared light (NIR) to heat with an extremely high efficacy and stability. We have investigated the effects of exposure to laser NIR on multicell human glioma spheroids infiltrated with empty (containing no nanoshells) or nanoshell loaded macrophages. Our results demonstrated that; (1) macrophages could efficiently take up bare or coated (PEGylated) gold NS: (2) NS loaded macrophages infiltrated into glioma spheroids to the same or, in some cases, to a greater degree than empty Ma; (3) NIR laser irradiation of spheroids incorporating NS loaded macrophages resulted in complete growth inhibition in an irradiance dependent manner, and (4) spheroids infiltrated with empty macrophages had growth curves identical to untreated control cultures. The results of this study provide proof of concept for the use of macrophages as a delivery vector of NS into gliomas for photothermal ablation and open the possibility of developing such regimens for patient treatment.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
authors.forename: Seung-Kuk
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Amani Riad
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Makkouk
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krasieva
authors.forename: Chung-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Steen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirschberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005910:Glioma / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008264:Macrophages / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051379:Mice; D057145:Nanoshells; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*