title: Cu/Zn ratios are associated with nutritional status, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune abnormalities in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the relationship of the plasma copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio with nutritional status, inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune function in peritoneal dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory parameters were measured in patients (n=45) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n=30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant negative correlations of the Cu/Zn ratio with nutrition-related parameters (body mass index [BMI], creatinine, hemoglobin, and albumin) and antioxidant (vitamin C and E) levels and positive correlations of the Cu/Zn ratio with the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and oxidation products (malondialdehyde [MDA] and protein carbonyl). The Cu/Zn ratio was negatively correlated with the percentages of B- and T-lymphocyte subsets and the ratio of CD4/CD8 antigens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In peritoneal dialysis patients, elevated Cu/Zn ratios are associated with malnutrition, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupted immune status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Pei-Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Maw-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Der-Yun
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hsiung
authors.forename: Chia-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013624:Taiwan; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid