title: Modulatory effect of fatty acids on fungicidal activity, respiratory burst and TNF-α and IL-6 production in J774 murine macrophages.
abstract: The reported effects of different families of fatty acids (FA; SFA, MUFA, n-3 and n-6 PUFA) on human health and the importance of macrophage respiratory burst and cytokine release to immune defence led us to examine the influence of palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA on macrophage function. We determined fungicidal activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine production after the treatment of J774 cells with non-toxic concentrations of the FA. PA had a late and discrete stimulating effect on ROS production, which may be associated with the reduced fungicidal activity of the cells after treatment with this FA. OA presented a sustained stimulatory effect on ROS production and increased fungicidal activity of the cells, suggesting that enrichment of diets with OA may be beneficial for pathogen elimination. The effects of PUFA on ROS production were time- and dose-dependently regulated, with no evident differences between n-3 and n-6 PUFA. It was worth noting that most changes induced after stimulation of the cells with lipopolysaccharide were suppressed by the FA. The present results suggest that supplementation of the diet with specific FA, not classes of FA, might enable an improvement in host defence mechanisms or a reduction in adverse immunological reactions.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Division LIM 51, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Room 3189, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. thais@emercli.fm.usp.br
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martins de Lima-Salgado
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coccuzzo Sampaio
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cury-Boaventura
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D056747:Immunomodulation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha