title: Diaphragmatic mobility in healthy subjects during incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and with a volume-oriented device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the diaphragmatic mobility of healthy subjects during incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device, during incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device, and during diaphragmatic breathing. To compare men and women in terms of diaphragmatic mobility during these three types of breathing exercises.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the pulmonary function and diaphragmatic mobility of 17 adult healthy volunteers (9 women and 8 men). Diaphragmatic mobility was measured via ultrasound during diaphragmatic breathing and during the use of the two types of incentive spirometers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diaphragmatic mobility was significantly greater during the use of the volume-oriented incentive spirometer than during the use of the flow-oriented incentive spirometer (70.16 ± 12.83 mm vs. 63.66 ± 10.82 mm; p = 0.02). Diaphragmatic breathing led to a greater diaphragmatic mobility than did the use of the flow-oriented incentive spirometer (69.62 ± 11.83 mm vs. 63.66 ± 10.82 mm; p = 0.02). During all three types of breathing exercises, the women showed a higher mobility/FVC ratio than did the men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device and diaphragmatic breathing promoted greater diaphragmatic mobility than did incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device. Women performed better on the three types of breathing exercises than did men.
authors.affiliation: Ciências. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.. wellpsy@usp.br
authors.forename: Wellington Pereira dos Santos
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Yamaguti
authors.forename: Eliana Takahama
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panazzolo
authors.forename: Corina da Cunha
authors.initials: Cda C
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.forename: Giovanni Guido
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Cerri
authors.forename: André Luis Pereira
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013147:Spirometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult