title: Effect of enamel matrix derivative on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells grown on the titanium implant surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is widely used in promoting periodontal regeneration, but the mechanisms underlying its effects are not entirely clear. In particular, the effect of EMD on osseointegration of dental implants and its application in the treatment of peri-implantitis are still debatable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EMD on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts grown on the Ti implant surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were seeded on coarse-grit-blasted and acid-etched surface Ti implant disks and stimulated with various EMD concentrations. Cell proliferation/viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMD inhibited the proliferation/viability of MG-63 cells. Furthermore, EMD significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production in MG-63 cells grown on Ti surfaces. Finally, EMD enhanced mRNA expression level of OPG and did not influence that of RANKL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of EMD in the dental implantolology may have a positive effect on implant osseointegration, and further studies are required to improve clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Oleh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andrukhov
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laky
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulm
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matejka
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dard
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rausch-Fan
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015921:Dental Implants; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D015921:Dental Implants; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase