title: Effects of high-intensity resistance training and low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on bone markers in older men.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of different resistance training protocols on bone marker concentrations in older men. Thirty-seven healthy older male subjects were assigned to one of three groups: high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT, age = 57.5 ± 0.8); low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction (LI-VRT, age = 59.9 ± 1.0); and control (CON, age = 57.0 ± 1.1). Blood samples were collected before and after 6 weeks of resistance training to measure the changes in bone formation [bone alkaline phosphatase, (Bone ALP)] and resorption (C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type-I collagen, CTX) marker concentrations. A significant main effect for time was detected in Bone ALP to CTX ratio for the exercise groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant group effect for percentage changes in serum Bone ALP (21% for LI-VRT, 23% for HI-RT, and 4.7% for CON) and post hoc analysis identified significant increases in serum Bone ALP concentrations in LI-VRT (p = 0.03) and HI-RT (p = 0.02) when compared with CON. The exercise groups had significantly (p < 0.01) greater strength increases in all upper body and leg exercises compared with CON with no significant differences between the exercise groups except for leg extension strength (HI-RT > LI-VRT, p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of Bone ALP and Bone ALP to CTX ratio improved in both resistance training protocols, suggesting increased bone turnover with a balance favoring bone formation. Therefore, despite using low mechanical load, LI-VRT is a potentially effective training alternative to traditional HI-RT for enhancing bone health in older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas at Brownsville/Texas Southmost College, 80 Fort Brown, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA. murat.karabulut@utb.edu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bemben
authors.forename: Vanessa D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Sherk
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bemben
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D003250:Constriction; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase