title: LysM-type mycorrhizal receptor recruited for rhizobium symbiosis in nonlegume Parasponia.
abstract: Rhizobium-root nodule symbiosis is generally considered to be unique for legumes. However, there is one exception, and that is Parasponia. In this nonlegume, the rhizobial nodule symbiosis evolved independently and is, as in legumes, induced by rhizobium Nod factors. We used Parasponia andersonii to identify genetic constraints underlying evolution of Nod factor signaling. Part of the signaling cascade, downstream of Nod factor perception, has been recruited from the more-ancient arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis. However, legume Nod factor receptors that activate this common signaling pathway are not essential for arbuscular endomycorrhizae. Here, we show that in Parasponia a single Nod factor-like receptor is indispensable for both symbiotic interactions. Therefore, we conclude that the Nod factor perception mechanism also is recruited from the widespread endomycorrhizal symbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Op den Camp
authors.forename: Arend
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Streng
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Mita
authors.forename: Qingqin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polone
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jetty S S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ammiraju
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kudrna
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Untergasser
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bisseling
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geurts
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D017343:Genes, Plant; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055170:Plant Root Nodulation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020579:Sinorhizobium / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis; D034401:Ulmaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases