title: Mycobacterium bovis (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) bacteremia in immunocompetent neonates following vaccination.
abstract: We describe four cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteremia diagnosed in immunocompetent neonates, who presented with high fever and/or jaundice within 72 h after Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. All neonates were hospitalized, and none received anti-mycobacterial therapy. All recovered completely and remain healthy 2-3.5 years later. Genotyping of one available isolate identified the pathogen as Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The similar clinical presentations and close temporal association between BCG vaccination and illness suggest that all four neonates likely had BCG bacteremia. BCG bacteremia shortly following vaccination among healthy neonates has not been previously described and merits further study to determine its frequency and clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi 10110, Thailand. somsakt@th.cdc.gov
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thamthitiwat
authors.forename: Nongnush
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Baggett
authors.forename: Leonard F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Peruski
authors.forename: Wannachai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kiatkulwiwat
authors.forename: Veerachai
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panumatrasmee
authors.forename: Jay K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Sriprapa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nateniyom
authors.forename: Pasakorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akarasewi
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Maloney
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine