title: Influence of retirement and work stress on headache prevalence: a longitudinal modelling study from the GAZEL Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine trajectories of headache in relation to retirement and to clarify the role of work stress and stress-prone personality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Headache prevalence during the 7 years before and after retirement was measured by annual questionnaires from GAZEL cohort comprising French national gas and electricity company employees (n = 12,913). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for headache during pre- peri- and post-retirement were calculated. The role of effect modifiers (work stress, type A or hostile personality) was tested by multiplicative interactions and synergy indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An 11-13% reduction in headache prevalence was found during pre- and post-retirement, whereas decline was much steeper (46%) during the retirement transition. In absolute terms, the decline was greater among persons with high work stress or stress-prone personality than among other participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retirement is associated with a decrease in headache prevalence, particularly among persons with a high amount of work stress or proneness to over-react to stress.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland. noora.sjosten@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Noora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sjösten
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh-Manoux
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dartigues
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zins
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010551:Personality; D015995:Prevalence; D012179:Retirement / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires