title: Effect of orthodontic bonding steps on the initial adhesion of mutans streptococci in the presence of saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that orthodontic bonding has no effect on the initial adhesion of mutans streptococci (MS) in the presence of saliva.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydroxyapatite (HA) and orthodontic adhesive (AD) disks were prepared to a uniform size. HA disks were etched with 37% phosphoric acid (HE, etched group). Some of the HE disks were coated with Transbond XT primer and light cured (HP, primed group). Transbond Plus SEP was applied to a third set of HA disks, dried, and light cured (SEP, self-etching primer group). Adhesion assays were performed using two MS strains in the presence of fluid-phase or surface-adsorbed unstimulated whole saliva (UWS). The MS adhesion patterns were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS adhesion was influenced by the bonding steps and the presence of UWS. UWS treatment decreased MS adhesion. However, surface-adsorbed UWS resulted in slightly less inhibition of MS adhesion than fluid-phase UWS. MS adhesion was significantly greater for HE than for the other groups. There were interaction effects between the UWS treatment and surface groups. MS adhesion to HP and AD was significantly diminished in the presence of surface-adsorbed or fluid-phase UWS compared with adhesion to HA, HE, or SEP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. Our results suggest that MS adhesion is significantly influenced by the bonding procedure used, and the application of conventional primers for the bracket bonding can inhibit MS adhesion to tooth surfaces in the presence of UWS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Hyung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bum-Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ja-Ryeong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung-Yub
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Sug-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017886:Durapatite; D006801:Humans; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D012463:Saliva; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C477790:Transbond XT; C516047:Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer; D017886:Durapatite