title: Test battery designed to quickly and safely assess diverse indices of neuromuscular function after unweighting.
abstract: Adequately describing the functional consequences of unweighting (e.g., bed rest, immobilization, spaceflight) requires assessing diverse indices of neuromuscular function (i.e., strength, power, endurance, central activation, force steadiness). Additionally, because unweighting increases the susceptibility of muscle to damage, testing should consider supplementary safety features. The purpose of this study was to develop a test battery for quickly assessing diverse indices of neuromuscular function. Commercially available exercise equipment was modified to include data acquisition hardware (e.g., force plates, position transducers) and auxiliary safety hardware (e.g., magnetic brakes). Ten healthy, ambulatory subjects (31 ± 5 years, 173 ± 11 cm, 73 ± 14 kg) completed a battery of lower- and upper-body neuromuscular function tests on 3 occasions separated by at least 48 hours. The battery consisted of the following tests, in order: (1) knee extension central activation, (2) knee extension force steadiness, (3) leg press maximal strength, (4) leg press maximal power, (5) leg press power endurance, (6) bench press maximal strength, (7) bench press force steadiness, (8) bench press maximal power, and (9) bench press power endurance. Central activation, strength, rate of force development, maximal power, and power endurance (total work) demonstrated good-to-excellent measurement reliability (SEM = 3-14%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.87-0.99). The SEM of the force steadiness variables was 20-35% (ICC = 0.20-0.60). After familiarization, the test battery required 49 ± 6 minutes to complete. In conclusion, we successfully developed a test battery that could be used to quickly and reliably assess diverse indices of neuromuscular function. Because the test battery involves minimal eccentric muscle actions and impact forces, the potential for muscle injury has likely been reduced.
authors.affiliation: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas, USA. bspiering@fullerton.edu
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Spiering
authors.forename: Stuart M C
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ajitkumar P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mulavara
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Roxanne E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinka
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guilliams
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ploutz-Snyder
authors.forename: Jacob J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bloomberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*