title: Modular values and weak values of quantum observables.
abstract: The concept of a modular value of an observable of a pre- and postselected quantum system is introduced. It is similar in form and in some cases has a close connection to the weak value of an observable, but instead of describing an effective interaction when the coupling is weak, it describes a coupling of any strength but only to qubit meters. The generalization of the concept for a coupling of a composite system to a multiqubit meter provides an explanation of some current experiments.
authors.affiliation: Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kedem
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaidman