title: Acute onset of brain atrophy and dementia in a patient with small cell lung cancer: a case report.
abstract: A 59-year-old man who was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), achieved a complete response to the induction chemoradiotherapy and received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (25 Gy at 250 cGy per fraction) in October 2008. Three months later, he complained of anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, and short-term memory loss and developed dementia and systemic muscle weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging in April and July 2009 revealed the progression of the diffuse brain atrophy without evidence of the metastasis of SCLC. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome was suspected because anti-Hu antibody was detected in his serum and cerebrospinal fluid, but the adverse effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were also suspected as the cause of his neurological disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Minamiku, Okayama 7028055, Japan. michikoasano@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Nobukazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gemba
authors.forename: Sae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Katsuichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D016879:Salvage Therapy