title: The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance in normal subjects: COMPASS.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate whether augmentation of macular pigment (MP) enhances visual performance (VP). 121 normal subjects were recruited. The active (A) group consumed 12 mg of lutein (L) and 1mg of zeaxanthin (Z) daily. MP optical density (MPOD) was assessed by customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. VP was assessed as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity (CS), glare disability, photostress, and subjective visual function. Subjects were assessed at baseline; 3; 6; 12 months (V1, V2, V3 and V4, respectively). Central MPOD increased significantly in the A group (p < 0.05) but not in the placebo group (p > 0.05). This statistically significant increase in MPOD in the A group was not, in general, associated with a corresponding improvement in VP (p>0.05, for all variables), with the exception of a statistically significant time/treatment effect in "daily tasks comparative analysis" (p = 0.03). At V4, we report statistically significant differences in mesopic CS at 20.7 cpd, mesopic CS at 1.5 cpd under high glare conditions, and light/dark adaptation comparative analysis between the lower and the upper MP tertile groups (p < 0.05) Further study into the relationship between MP and VP is warranted, with particular attention directed towards individuals with low MP and suboptimal VP.
authors.affiliation: Macular Pigment Research Group, Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland. jmnolan@wit.ie
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loughman
authors.forename: Mukunda C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Akkali
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: Grainne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scanlon
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beatty
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D014975:Lutein