title: Congenital spinal tumor in a patient with encephalocele and hydrocephalus: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encephalocele is a rare congenital abnormality of the central nervous system, where brain tissue protrudes from a defect in the skull. Some anomalies are associated with encephalocele. However, the association of spinal teratoma and encephalocele has not been reported in the English literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of an Iranian girl with a history of encephalocele surgery, who, at the age of four years, developed an intramedullary spinal teratoma, and discuss the pathogenesis of this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between encephalocele and spinal teratoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. nejat@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Radmanesh
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nejat
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahjoub
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Khashab