title: Dosage-dependent shift in the spore community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following application of tannery sludge.
abstract: The controlled disposal of tannery sludge in agricultural soils is a viable alternative for recycling such waste; however, the impact of this practice on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities is not well understood. We studied the effects of low-chromium tannery sludge amendment in soils on AMF spore density, species richness and diversity, and root colonization levels. Sludge was applied at four doses to an agricultural field in Rolândia, Paraná state, Brazil. The sludge was left undisturbed on the soil surface and then the area was harrowed and planted with corn. The soil was sampled at four intervals and corn roots once within a year (2007/2008). AMF spore density was low (1 to 49 spores per 50 cm(3) of soil) and decreased as doses of tannery sludge increased. AMF root colonization was high (64%) and unaffected by tannery sludge. Eighteen AMF species belonging to six genera (Acaulospora, Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Paraglomus, and Ambispora) were recorded. At the sludge doses of 9.0 and 22.6 Mg ha(-1), we observed a decrease in AMF species richness and diversity, and changes in their relative frequencies. Hierarchical grouping analysis showed that adding tannery waste to the soil altered AMF spore community in relation to the control, modifying the mycorrhizal status of soil and selectively favoring the sporulation of certain species.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise L C
authors.initials: DLC
authors.lastname: Mescolotti
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, CEP 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martines
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Y H
authors.initials: MYH
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Regional de Blumenau, FURB, Caixa Postal 1507, CEP 89012-900, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sidney L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stürmer
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. ejbncard@esalq.usp.br.
authors.forename: Elke J B N
authors.initials: EJBN
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000254:growth & development*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development*; D013633:Tanning; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage