title: Antimicrobial activity of Citrox bioflavonoid preparations against oral microorganisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Citrox is a formulation of soluble bioflavonoids obtained from citrus fruits. The non-toxic and antimicrobial properties of natural bioflavonoids are well documented, and consequently there has been interest in the therapeutic application of these substances.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the antimicrobial activity of two Citrox formulations (BC30 and MDC30) with different bioflavonoid combinations against a range of oral microorganisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antimicrobial activity of both formulations was tested against 14 bacterial species and six Candida species. The two Citrox formulations (dilution range 0.007-8% v/v) were firstly evaluated by determining the in vitro Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against planktonic microorganisms in a broth microdilution assay. Secondly, the ability of the same serial dilutions to inhibit microbial growth was assessed in a modified microtitre biofilm assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Citrox formulations exhibited antimicrobial activity. The BC30 formulation demonstrated greater activity than MDC30 and significantly inhibited growth of all bacterial species and most candidal species tested at a concentration of 1% (v/v) in both the broth and the biofilm assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioflavonoid preparations of Citrox have a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms, and as such have the potential to be used within therapeutic preparations for the control of the oral microflora.
authors.affiliation: Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY. hoopersj@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: M A O
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D002957:Citrus; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts