title: Radiological findings in acute Haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess pulmonary thin-section CT findings in patients with acute Haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thin-section CT scans obtained between January 2004 and March 2009 from 434 patients with acute H. influenzae pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with concurrent infection diseases, including Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=76), Staphylococcus aureus (n=58) or multiple pathogens (n=89) were excluded from this study. Thus, our study group comprised 211 patients (106 men, 105 women; age range, 16-91 years, mean, 63.9 years). Underlying diseases included cardiac disease (n=35), pulmonary emphysema (n=23), post-operative status for malignancy (n=20) and bronchial asthma (n=15). Frequencies of CT patterns and disease distribution of parenchymal abnormalities, lymph node enlargement and pleural effusion were assessed by thin-section CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CT findings in patients with H. influenzae pulmonary infection consisted mainly of ground-glass opacity (n=185), bronchial wall thickening (n=181), centrilobular nodules (n=137) and consolidation (n=112). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung parenchyma (n=108). Pleural effusion was found in 22 patients. Two patients had mediastinal lymph node enlargement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings in elderly patients with smoking habits or cardiac disease may be characteristic CT findings of H. influenzae pulmonary infection.
authors.affiliation: Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult