title: Efficacy of middle meningeal artery embolization in the treatment of refractory chronic subdural hematoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no established treatment procedures for repeatedly recurring chronic subdural hematoma (CSH). In this study, we discussed the efficacy of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization in preventing recurrence of CSH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed superselective angiography of MMA in four patients who suffered from repeated recurrence of CSH. After angiography, we performed embolization of MMA with endovascular procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, superselective angiography of MMA revealed diffuse abnormal vascular stains that seemed to represent the macrocapillaries in the outer membrane of CSH. In all the patients, there were no recurrences or enlargements of CSH after the embolization of the MMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMA embolization can be an effective adjuvant procedure in preventing the recurrence of CSH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1-1 Higashitsukurimichi, Aomori 030-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mino
authors.forename: Shinjitsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Misaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohama
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Midorikawa
authors.forename: Mitsuomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaimori
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Michiaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishijima