title: [Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among injecting drug users].
abstract: In Hungary, there is a need for widely accessible HIV and HCV testing and counseling for injecting drug users. Theoretically, free and confidential rapid HIV and HCV testing would be the most suitable for this purpose. Low threshold agencies, such as needle and syringe programs, would provide ideal premises for such a testing system, Here, participants would be able to undergo regular testing every six months. Making rapid testing widely available raises the following three main issues: 1. validity of the testing results (or: the verification of positive rapid test results), 2. circumstances of taking blood (or: legislation regarding drawing blood), and 3. cost effectiveness (or: how important is it to prevent an HIV epidemic). The authors propose the establishment of a system that offers screening using rapid tests and which would be an expansion of a currently existing system of HIV and HCV testing based on finger prick blood. The current system would thus serve as a means to verify the results of the rapid tests. At the same time, there is a need to obtain permission from a public health body to enable in needle and syringe programs the provision of rapid testing and testing of blood using finger pricks. In many countries, test results are given to injecting drug users not by doctors but by trained social workers - such a system could also be established in Hungary. If preventing an HIV epidemic in Hungary is a priority, then wide access to rapid HIV testing is justified. Widely accessible free and confidential rapid HIV and HCV testing and counseling - combined with screening and verification using finger prick blood - may function not only as a testing and counseling service but also as a good quality public health monitoring system. Such a system, however, requires regular financial support from the government.
authors.affiliation: Európai Kábítószer- és Kábítószerfüggőség-megfigyelő Központ (EMCDDA), Cais do Sodré 1249-289, Lisszabon, Portugália. anna.gyarmathy@emcdda.europa.eu
authors.forename: V Anna
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Gyarmathy
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rácz
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011634:Public Health / Q000639:trends; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies