title: Carbon nanohorns accelerate bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defect.
abstract: A recent study showed that carbon nanohorns (CNHs) have biocompatibility and possible medical uses such as in drug delivery systems. It was reported that some kinds of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes were useful for bone formation. However, the effect of CNHs on bone tissue has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CNHs on bone regeneration and their possible application for guided bone regeneration (GBR). CNHs dispersed in ethanol were fixed on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane by vacuum filtration. Cranial defects were created in rats and covered by a membrane with/without CNHs. At two weeks, bone formation under the membrane with CNHs had progressed more than under that without CNHs and numerous macrophages were observed attached to CNHs. At eight weeks, there was no significant difference in the amount of newly formed bone between the groups and the appearance of macrophages was decreased compared with that at two weeks. Newly formed bone attached to some CNHs directly. These results suggest that macrophages induced by CNHs are related to bone regeneration. In conclusion, the present study indicates that CNHs are compatible with bone tissue and effective as a material for GBR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. tkasai@den.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yudasaka
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Atsuro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008264:Macrophages; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon