title: Gamma Knife surgery in patients harboring orbital cavernous hemangiomas that were diagnosed on the basis of imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate clinical outcomes and tumor control in patients harboring orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCHs) that had been diagnosed based on findings of imaging studies and treated by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2008, 23 patients harboring OCHs that had been diagnosed on the basis of imaging findings were treated using GKS; complete follow-up data are available in all cases. The median treatment volume was 1.5 cm³ (range 0.15-10.10 cm³), the median tumor margin dose was 15 Gy (range 12-20 Gy), and the median follow-up period was 12 months (range 6-120 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in tumor size was found in 20 patients, and no tumor progression was observed after GKS. Eleven of 14 patients whose visual function had been adversely affected prior to treatment had improved visual acuity at the last assessment. Side effects of the procedure included orbital pain in 3 patients and chemosis in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary experience, GKS proved to be an effective treatment for OCHs diagnosed on the basis of imaging findings. Additional follow-up is necessary, and the long-term side effects of the procedure still need to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Gamma Knife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University 2nd Hospital, Tianjin, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Desheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yipei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult