title: The origins of hot plasma in the solar corona.
abstract: The Sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, is heated to millions of degrees, considerably hotter than its surface or photosphere. Explanations for this enigma typically invoke the deposition in the corona of nonthermal energy generated by magnetoconvection. However, the coronal heating mechanism remains unknown. We used observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Hinode solar physics mission to reveal a ubiquitous coronal mass supply in which chromospheric plasma in fountainlike jets or spicules is accelerated upward into the corona, with much of the plasma heated to temperatures between ~0.02 and 0.1 million kelvin (MK) and a small but sufficient fraction to temperatures above 1 MK. These observations provide constraints on the coronal heating mechanism(s) and highlight the importance of the interface region between photosphere and corona.
authors.affiliation: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Organization ADBS, Building 252, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. bdp@lmsal.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Pontieu
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Hansteen
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Tarbell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boerner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-Sykora
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schrijver
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Title