title: Evaluation of metalloprotease inhibitors on hypertension and diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: This study examined the effects of two new selective metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitors, XL081 and XL784, on the development of renal injury in rat models of hypertension, Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). Protein excretion rose from 20 to 120 mg/day in Dahl S rats fed a high-salt diet (8.0% NaCl) for 4 wk to induce hypertension. Chronic treatment with XL081 markedly reduced proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, but it also attenuated the development of hypertension. To determine whether an MMP inhibitor could oppose the progression of renal damage in the absence of changes in blood pressure, Dahl S rats were fed a high-salt diet (4.0% NaCl) for 5 wks to induce renal injury and then were treated with the more potent and bioavailable MMP inhibitor XL784 either given alone or in combination with lisinopril and losartan. Treatment with XL784 or the ANG II blockers reduced proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis by ~30% and had no effect on blood pressure. Proteinuria fell from 150 to 30 mg/day in the rats receiving both XL784 and the ANG II blockers, and the degree of renal injury fell to levels seen in normotensive Dahl S rats maintained from birth on a low-salt diet. In other studies, albumin excretion rose from 125 to >200 mg/day over a 4-mo period in 12-mo-old uninephrectomized T2DN rats. In contrast, albumin excretion fell by >50% in T2DN rats treated with XL784, lisinopril, or combined therapy. XL784 reduced the degree of glomerulosclerosis in the T2DN rats to a greater extent than lisinopril, and combined therapy was more effective than either drug alone. These results indicate that chronic administration of a selective MMP inhibitor delays the progression, and may even reverse hypertension and diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. rroman@umc.edu
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yakes
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahly-Vernon
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Roman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases