title: The role of serotonin in the NMDA receptor antagonist models of psychosis and cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence that agents which preferentially affect serotonin (5-HT) attenuate the ability of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor non-competitive antagonists (NMDA-RA), e.g., phencyclidine (PCP), dizocilpine (MK-801), and ketamine, to stimulate locomotor activity (LA), and to impair novel object recognition (NOR).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NMDA-RA-induced increased LA and impairment of NOR are widely used models of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs (APDs), and the identification of novel treatments. Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in attenuating these effects of NMDA-RA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Selective 5-HT(2A) inverse agonists, e.g., M100907 and ACP-103, and atypical APDs, which are more potent 5-HT(2A) than D(2) antagonists, e.g., clozapine and lurasidone, are more effective than selective D(2) receptor antagonists to attenuate NMDA-RA-induced increased LA. 5-HT(2A) inverse agonists alone are not effective to improve NMDA-RA-impaired NOR, but augment the effects of atypical, but not typical APDs, to improve NOR. The 5-HT(1A) receptor partial agonist tandospirone alone and the 5-HT(1A) agonist effects of atypical APDs may substitute for, or contribute to, the effects of D(2) and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism to reverse the NMDA-RA impairment in NOR. 5-HT(6) and 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists may also attenuate these NMDA-RA-induced behaviors. 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist, but not neutral antagonists, block NOR in naïve rats and the effects of atypical APDs to restore NOR in PCP-treated rats, suggesting the importance of the constitutive activity of 5-HT(2C) receptors in NOR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple 5-HT receptors contribute to effective treatments to reverse adverse effects of NMDA-RA which model psychosis and cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. herbert.meltzer@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Herbert Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Masakuni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Bill W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Massey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012701:Serotonin