Successful periodontal ligament regeneration by periodontal progenitor preseeding on natural tooth root surfaces.
The regeneration of lost periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone is the purpose of periodontal tissue engineering. The goal of the present study was to assess the suitability of 3 odontogenic progenitor populations from dental pulp, PDL, and dental follicle for periodontal regeneration when exposed to natural and synthetic apatite surface topographies. We demonstrated that PDL progenitors featured higher levels of periostin and scleraxis expression, increased adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and pronounced elongated cell shapes on barren root chips when compared with dental pulp and dental follicle cells. When evaluating the effect of surface characteristics on PDL progenitors, natural root surfaces resulted in elongated PDL cell shapes, whereas PDL progenitors on synthetic apatite surfaces were rounded or polygonal. In addition, surface coatings affected PDL progenitor gene expression profiles: collagen I coatings enhanced alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression levels and laminin-1 coatings increased epidermal growth factor (EGF), nestin, cadherin 1, and keratin 8 expression. PDL progenitors seeded on natural tooth root surfaces in organ culture formed new periodontal fibers after 3 weeks of culture. Finally, replantation of PDL progenitor-seeded tooth roots into rat alveolar bone sockets resulted in the complete formation of a new PDL and stable reattachment of teeth over a 6-month period. Together, these findings indicate that periodontal progenitor cell type as well as mineral surface topography and molecular environment play crucial roles in the regeneration of true periodontal anchorage.
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Smit Jayant
SJ
Dangaria
Yoshihiro
Y
Ito
Xianghong
X
Luan
Thomas G H
TG
Diekwisch
D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D003795:Dental Sac / Q000166:cytology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008963:Molar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D001031:Apatites; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins
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