Pathways of extrapelvic spread of pelvic disease: imaging findings.
The complex extraperitoneal anatomy of the pelvis includes various outlets for the transit of organs and neurovascular structures to the rest of the body. These outlets include the greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen, inguinal canal, femoral triangle, obturator canal, anal and genitourinary hiatuses of the pelvic floor, prevesical space, and iliopsoas compartment. All of these structures serve as conduits for the dissemination of malignant and benign inflammatory diseases from the pelvic cavity and into the soft-tissue structures of the abdominal wall, buttocks, and upper thigh. Knowledge of the pelvic anatomy is crucial to understand these patterns of disease spread. Cross-sectional imaging provides important anatomic information and depicts the extent of disease and its involvement of surrounding extrapelvic structures, information that is important for planning surgery and radiation therapy.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex., USA. tchers1977@gmail.com
Cher Heng
CH
Tan
Raghunandan
R
Vikram
Piyaporn
P
Boonsirikamchai
Silvana C
SC
Faria
Chusilp
C
Charnsangavej
Priya R
PR
Bhosale
D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography