Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1): A multifunctional regulator of normal and abnormal physiology.
Since its initial identification and cloning in 2002, Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1), also known as metadherin (MTDH), 3D3 and LYsine-RIch CEACAM1 co-isolated (LYRIC), has emerged as an important oncogene that is overexpressed in all cancers analyzed so far. Examination of a large cohort of patient samples representing diverse cancer indications has revealed progressive increase in AEG-1 expression with stages and grades of the disease and an inverse relationship between AEG-1 expression level and patient prognosis. AEG-1 functions as a bona fide oncogene by promoting transformation. In addition, it plays a significant role in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, all important hallmarks of an aggressive cancer. AEG-1 is also implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes, such as development, inflammation, neurodegeneration, migraine and Huntington's disease. AEG-1 is a highly basic protein with a transmembrane domain and multiple nuclear localization signals and it is present in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum. In each location, AEG-1 interacts with specific proteins thereby modulating diverse intracellular processes the combination of which contributes to its pleiotrophic properties. The present review provides a snapshot of the current literature along with future perspectives on this unique molecule.
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Byoung Kwon
BK
Yoo
Luni
L
Emdad
Seok-Geun
SG
Lee
Zao-zhong
ZZ
Su
Prasanna
P
Santhekadur
Dong
D
Chen
Rachel
R
Gredler
Paul B
PB
Fisher
Devanand
D
Sarkar
D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009857:Oncogenes; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C483039:MTDH protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
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