Role of organic cation transporters in drug-induced toxicity.
BACKGROUND
Membrane transporters are important determinants of in vivo drug disposition, therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Many commonly used drugs are organic cations and substrates of organic cation transporters (OCTs). These transporters have a large binding site containing partially overlapping interaction domains for different substrates and are specifically distributed around the body. Consequently, drug interactions with these transporters can result in specific toxicity.


METHODS
This review describes the general properties of OCT and illustrates their importance for the development of important drug toxicities using the examples of metformin and cisplatin. Additionally, this review discusses the role of OCT polymorphisms in the modulation of these toxic effects.


CONCLUSIONS
Understanding how drugs interact with membrane transporters is pivotally important in explaining the mechanisms of specific toxicities and also in designing new drugs or new therapeutic protective protocols by specific competition at the transporter. Defining the pharmacogenomics of these transporters will be essential to personalized medicine, enabling physicians to choose drugs for patients based on efficacy, availability, cost, safety, tolerability and convenience.
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 3a, 48149 Münster, Germany. gciari@uni-muenster.de
Giuliano
G
Ciarimboli
D001665:Binding Sites; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations