Yersinia enterocolitica outer protein T (YopT).
Pathogenic Yersinia strains evade the innate immune responses of the host by producing effector proteins (Yersinia outer proteins (Yops)), which are directly injected into mammalian cells by a type III secretion system (TTSS). One of these effector proteins (YopT) disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of the host cell. YopT is a cysteine protease which cleaves Rho proteins directly upstream of the post-translationally modified cysteine. Thereby, it releases the GTPases from the membrane leading to their inactivation. Besides a biochemical characterisation of the molecular mechanism and substrate specificity also delivery into host cells with chaperone binding and guidance to the injection apparatus and the patho-physiological role of YopT have been studied and are summarised in this review.
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Str. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Gudula.Schmidt@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
Gudula
G
Schmidt
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003603:Cytotoxins; C116117:YopT protein, Yersinia; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins