Oxidative damage and OGG1 expression induced by a combined effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and lead acetate in human hepatocytes.
Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is a widely used nanomaterial that can cause biological damage through oxidative stress. At low concentrations, TiO(2) can interact with lead acetate (PbAc) to produce different toxic responses, compared with TiO(2) or PbAc alone. In this study, we utilized the following as indicators of toxic responses in human embryo hepatocytes (L02): reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the DNA adducts 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase homolog 1 (OGG1). These were used to evaluate the oxidative stress of TiO(2) (at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg mL(-1)) mixed with PbAc (1 μg mL(-1)) on L02 cells without photoactivation. Compared with the negative control (1‰ dimethyl sulfoxide), TiO(2) mixed with PbAc induced increased release of ROS (at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μg mL(-1) TiO(2)), intracellular SOD activity (at 0.1 and 0.01 μg mL(-1) TiO(2)), GSH levels (at 0.01-1 μg mL(-1) TiO(2)), 8-OHdG levels (at 1 and 10 μg mL(-1) TiO(2)), OGG1 expression (at 0.001-1 μg mL(-1) TiO(2)), and cytotoxicity (at 0.1, 1, and 10 μg mL(-1) TiO(2)) in L02 cells. There were no significant changes in ROS, GSH, SOD, 8-OHdG, or OGG1 levels when L02 cells were treated with TiO(2) alone or PbAc alone. These findings indicate that TiO(2) and PbAc in combination induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in L02 cells in the absence of photoactivation.
MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Hairong
H
Du
Xiaoling
X
Zhu
Chuangang
C
Fan
Song
S
Xu
Youjie
Y
Wang
Yikai
Y
Zhou
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D014025:Titanium; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C479058:oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione; C008261:lead acetate