Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related cognitive impairment-Part 1.
In this article, the challenges faced by several noted population studies for Alzheimer dementia in operationalizing current clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reviewed. Differences in case ascertainment, methodological biases, cultural and educational influences on test performance, inclusion of special populations such as underrepresented minorities and the oldest old, and detection of the earliest symptomatic stages of underlying AD have been considered. Classification of Alzheimer dementia may be improved by the incorporation of biomarkers for AD if the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the biomarkers are established and if they are appropriate for epidemiological studies, as may occur should a plasma biomarker be developed. Biomarkers for AD could also facilitate studies of the interactions of various forms of neurodegenerative disorders with cerebrovascular disease, resulting in "mixed dementia".
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. rpm2@columbia.edu
Richard
R
Mayeux
Christiane
C
Reitz
Adam M
AM
Brickman
Mary N
MN
Haan
Jennifer J
JJ
Manly
M Maria
MM
Glymour
Christopher C
CC
Weiss
Kristine
K
Yaffe
Laura
L
Middleton
Hugh C
HC
Hendrie
Lauren H
LH
Warren
Kathleen M
KM
Hayden
Kathleen A
KA
Welsh-Bohmer
John C S
JC
Breitner
John C
JC
Morris
D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018672:Community Health Planning; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000592:standards*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
D015415:Biomarkers
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