The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) may affect sunscreen performance.
In the past several years, there has been a trend in the sunscreen/cosmetics industry to replace micron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles with nanoscale materials. The increased use of nanoscale TiO(2) has resulted in questions about these and other nanoproducts. This study examines the effects of using nanoscale TiO(2) on ultraviolet (UV) attenuation in simple to complex sunscreen formulations. UV light attenuation, product stability, and potential damage to the skin barrier were examined with both nanoscale and microscale TiO(2) particles. Results indicate that none of the formulations decreased the barrier function of the skin and the best UV attenuation occurs when the TiO(2) particles are stabilized with a coating and evenly distributed such as with non-agglomerated coated nanoscale materials. This indicates that nanoscale TiO(2) may have better efficacy while lacking toxicity.
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. nakissa.sadrieh@fda.hhs.gov
K M
KM
Tyner
A M
AM
Wokovich
D E
DE
Godar
W H
WH
Doub
N
N
Sadrieh
D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium