What principles should govern the use of managed entry agreements?
BACKGROUND
To ensure rapid access to new potentially beneficial health technologies, obtain best value for money, and ensure affordability, healthcare payers are adopting a range of innovative reimbursement approaches that may be called Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs).


METHODS
The Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Policy Forum sought to identify why MEAs might be used, issues associated with implementation and develop principles for their use. A 2-day deliberative workshop discussed key papers, members' experiences, and collectively addressed four policy questions that resulted in this study.


RESULTS
MEAs are used to give access to new technologies where traditional reimbursement is deemed inappropriate. Three different forms of MEAs have been identified: management of budget impact, management of uncertainty relating to clinical and/or cost-effectiveness, and management of utilization to optimize performance. The rationale for using these approaches and their advantages and disadvantages differ. However, all forms of MEA should take the form of a formal written agreement among stakeholders, clearly identifying the rationale for the agreement, aspects to be assessed, methods of data collection and review, and the criteria for ending the agreement.


CONCLUSIONS
MEAs should only be used when HTA identifies issues or concerns about key outcomes and/or costs and/or organizational/budget impacts that are material to a reimbursement decision. They provide patient access and can be useful to manage technology diffusion and optimize use. However, they are administratively complex and may be difficult to negotiate and their effectiveness has yet to be evaluated.
Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway. marianne.klemp@kunnskapssenteret.no
Marianne
M
Klemp
Katrine B
KB
Frønsdal
Karen
K
Facey
D020811:Biomedical Technology; D004493:Education; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D013997:Time Factors