Endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans: association with age and habitual exercise.
Advancing age is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Endothelial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation with aging may predispose older arteries to greater ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Because coronary artery ischemia cannot be induced safely, the effects of age and habitual endurance exercise on endothelial I/R injury have not been determined in humans. Using the brachial artery as a surrogate model of the coronary arteries, endothelial function, assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), was measured before and after 20 min of continuous forearm occlusion in young sedentary (n = 10, 24 ± 2 yr) and middle-aged (n = 9, 48 ± 2 yr) sedentary adults to gain insight into the effects of primary aging on endothelial I/R injury. Young (n = 9, 25 ± 1 yr) and middle-aged endurance-trained (n = 9, 50 ± 2 yr) adults were also studied to determine whether habitual exercise provides protection from I/R injury. Fifteen minutes after ischemic injury, FMD decreased significantly by 37% in young sedentary, 35% in young endurance-trained, 68% in middle-aged sedentary, and 50% in middle-aged endurance-trained subjects. FMD returned to baseline levels within 30 min in young sedentary and endurance-trained subjects but remained depressed in middle-aged sedentary and endurance-trained subjects. Circulating markers of antioxidant capacity and inflammation were not related to FMD. In conclusion, advancing age is associated with a greater magnitude and delayed recovery from endothelial I/R injury in humans. Habitual endurance exercise may provide partial protection to the endothelium against this form of I/R injury with advancing age.
Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. allison.devan@colorado.edu
Allison E
AE
Devan
Daniel
D
Umpierre
Michelle L
ML
Harrison
Hsin-Fu
HF
Lin
Takashi
T
Tarumi
Christopher P
CP
Renzi
Mandeep
M
Dhindsa
Stacy D
SD
Hunter
Hirofumi
H
Tanaka
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
D000975:Antioxidants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
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