Canine bacterial urinary tract infections: new developments in old pathogens.
Uncomplicated bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur commonly in dogs. Persistent or recurrent infections are reported less frequently. They typically occur in dogs with an underlying disease and are sometimes asymptomatic, especially in dogs with predisposing chronic disease. Escherichia coli is the organism most frequently cultured in both simple and complicated UTIs. Organisms such as Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. are less common in uncomplicated UTI, but become increasingly prominent in dogs with recurrent UTI. The ability of bacteria to acquire resistance to antimicrobials and/or to evade host immune defence mechanisms is vital for persistence in the urinary tract. Antimicrobial therapy limitations and bacterial strains with such abilities require novel control strategies. Sharing of resistant bacteria between humans and dogs has been recently documented and is of particular concern for E. coli O25b:H4-ST131 strains that are both virulent and multi-drug resistant. The epidemiology of complicated UTIs, pathogenic traits of uropathogens and new therapeutic concepts are outlined in this review.
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
Mary F
MF
Thompson
Annette L
AL
Litster
Joanne L
JL
Platell
Darren J
DJ
Trott
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents