Outbreak of infections by hepatitis B virus genotype A and transmission of genetic drug resistance in patients coinfected with HIV-1 in Japan.
The major routes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Japan has been mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and blood transfusion. However, HBV cases transmitted through sexual contact are increasing, especially among HIV-1-seropositive patients. To understand the molecular epidemiology of HBV in HBV/HIV-1 coinfection, we analyzed HBV genotypes and HIV-1 subtypes in HBV/HIV-1-coinfected patients at Nagoya Medical Center from 2003 to 2007. Among 394 HIV-1-infected Japanese men having sex with men (MSM) who were newly diagnosed during the study period, 31 (7.9%) tested positive for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. HBV sequence analyses were successful in 26 cases, with 21 (80.7%) and 5 (19.3%) cases determined as genotypes A and C, respectively. Our finding that HBV genotype A was dominant in HIV-1-seropositive patients alerts clinicians to an alternative outbreak of HBV genotype A in the HIV-1-infected MSM population and a shift in HBV genotype from C to A in Japan. The narrow genetic diversity in genotype A cases suggests that genotype A has been recently introduced into the MSM population and that sexual contacts among MSM were more active than speculated from HIV-1 tree analyses. In addition, we found a lamivudine resistance mutation in one naïve case, suggesting a risk of drug-resistant HBV transmission. As genotype A infection has a higher risk than infection with other genotypes for individuals to become HBV carriers, prevention programs are urgently needed for the target population.
Department of Infection and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Nakaku, Nagoya 4600001, Japan.
Seiichiro
S
Fujisaki
Yoshiyuki
Y
Yokomaku
Teiichiro
T
Shiino
Tomohiko
T
Koibuchi
Junko
J
Hattori
Shiro
S
Ibe
Yasumasa
Y
Iwatani
Aikichi
A
Iwamoto
Takuma
T
Shirasaka
Motohiro
M
Hamaguchi
Wataru
W
Sugiura
D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral
J Med Virol. 2005 May;76(1):33-9
15779048
Intervirology. 2004;47(1):32-40
15044834
Hepatology. 2002 Aug;36(2):464-73
12143057
Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Mar;20(3):381-7
12644558
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007 Apr;23(4):525-31
17506609
Gastroenterology. 2003 Aug;125(2):292-7
12891527
Antiviral Res. 2007 Jul;75(1):75-82
17194486
World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7;13(1):14-21
17206751
J Gen Virol. 2001 Apr;82(Pt 4):883-892
11257194
Top HIV Med. 2009 Dec;17(5):138-45
20068260
N Engl J Med. 1976 Apr 1;294(14):746-9
943694
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Aug;18(8):943-9
12859724
PLoS Biol. 2006 May;4(5):e88
16683862
J Clin Microbiol. 2009 May;47(5):1476-83
19297602
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Sep;48(9):3498-507
15328117
J Med Virol. 2006 Jan;78(1):44-52
16299716
Hepatology. 2001 Sep;34(3):590-4
11526547
Intervirology. 2003;46(6):329-38
14688448
J Med Virol. 2001 Aug;64(4):435-40
11468727
Intervirology. 2004;47(6):289-309
15564741
BMC Evol Biol. 2007 Nov 08;7:214
17996036
Antivir Ther. 2005;10(6):727-34
16218172
J Med Virol. 2005 Sep;77(1):39-46
16032734
Hepatology. 1998 Jun;27(6):1670-7
9620341
J Virol. 2006 Nov;80(21):10307-14
17041211
Infection. 2006 Aug;34(4):201-7
16896578
Hepatology. 2003 Jul;38(1):96-103
12829991
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2007 Dec;31(12):1088-94
18176363
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 May;15 Suppl:E11-5
10921375
Jpn J Cancer Res. 2000 Mar;91(3):361
10809604
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Mar;65(3):548-55
20051475
J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):3773-8
9557659