Threshold of visual perception of facial asymmetry in a facial paralysis model.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the degree of facial asymmetry required to trigger conscious perception in the observer in a simulated model of facial paralysis.


METHODS
A model of unilateral facial paralysis was created using the face of a participant without facial paralysis. Digital morphing software was used to create progressive asymmetry of the brow, oral commissure, and combined brow and oral commissure based on the typical sequelae seen in facial paralysis. Volunteers naive to the goals of the study repeatedly were shown a series of photographs of faces without facial paralysis, with the manipulated image interspersed within the series.


RESULTS
At least 3 mm of facial asymmetry of the oral commissure, brow, or both was required before participants detected the asymmetry. With longer display intervals, participants tended to detect a smaller degree of asymmetry.


CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first study directed at determining the amount of facial asymmetry required to trigger conscious perception of patients' facial paralysis in the naive observer. The pilot data and the discussion herein provide insight into the processes of visual perception of facial asymmetry and may be useful to surgeons for patient counseling and in setting surgical goals.
Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Eugene A
EA
Chu
Tarik Y
TY
Farrag
Lisa E
LE
Ishii
Patrick J
PJ
Byrne
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000523:psychology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D010781:Photography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception