Dissecting the role of the S1P/S1PR axis in health and disease.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic sphingophospholipid generated from the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SPHKs). S1P has been experimentally demonstrated to modulate an array of cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell survival, cell invasion, vascular maturation, and angiogenesis by binding with any of the five known G-protein-coupled sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors (S1P1-5) on the cell surface in an autocrine as well as a paracrine manner. Recent studies have shown that the S1P receptors (S1PRs) and SPHKs are the key targets for modulating the pathophysiological consequences of various debilitating diseases, such as cancer, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and other related illnesses. In this article, we recapitulate these novel discoveries relative to the S1P/S1PR axis, necessary for the proper maintenance of health, as well as the induction of tumorigenic, angiogenic, and inflammatory stimuli that are vital for the development of various diseases, and the novel therapeutic tools to modulate these responses in oral biology and medicine.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2010, Australia.
J J
JJ
Aarthi
M A
MA
Darendeliler
P N
PN
Pushparaj
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020555:GTP-Binding Protein Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D020078:Neurogenic Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
D020555:GTP-Binding Protein Regulators; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; D013110:Sphingosine; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate