Ingested (oral) SST inhibits EAE.
BACKGROUND
Ingested immunoactive proteins type I interferon, soluble immune response suppressor peptide 1-21 and melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibit clinical attacks and inflammation in acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).


OBJECTIVE
We examined whether another immunoactive protein, somatostatin (SST), would have similar anti-inflammatory effects on EAE after oral administration.


METHODS
B6 mice were immunized with MOG peptide 35-55 and gavaged with control saline or SST during ongoing disease. Splenocytes from mock-fed or SST-fed mice were adoptively transferred into active MOG peptide 35-55-immunized recipient mice during ongoing disease.


RESULTS
In actively fed mice, increased Th2-like cytokines in both the spleen and the central nervous system (CNS) inhibited active disease. In recipients of donor cells from SST-fed donors, reduction of Th1 and Th17 and induction of Th2-like IL-4 cytokines in both the spleen and CNS inhibited disease. T(reg) cells were increased threefold in actively fed spleen cells that are responsible for protection against disease after adoptive transfer.


CONCLUSIONS
Ingested (orally administered) SST can inhibit clinical disease, inhibit CNS inflammation by decreasing Th17 and Th1-like cytokines and increasing Th2-like cytokines in the CNS via induction of T(reg) cells.
Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA. staley.a.brod@uth.tmc.edu
Staley A
SA
Brod
Zachary M
ZM
Hood
D000284:Administration, Oral; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; C571327:Mog protein, mouse; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D010455:Peptides; D013004:Somatostatin