Subjective social status and health in young people.
Health inequalities according to objective socioeconomic position (SEP), have been well-documented. Yet, in young people the associations are negligible. Recently, research on the association of subjective social status (SSS), and adult health has begun to accumulate. Studies on young people are rare and describe societies with large income inequalities. Here, we investigated the association between SSS and health, while controlling for own and familial SEP. The study population consisted of 15-year-olds (N = 2369) who have grown up in a context of low social inequalities. Data were derived from surveys carried out in 2004 in 29 secondary schools in Helsinki. The SSS was measured with an indicator specific to and validated for adolescents (a societal ladder). Outcome measures were self-rated health, health complaints, presence of limiting longstanding illness (LLI) and GHQ-12 caseness (indicating psychiatric morbidity). The SSS associated strongly with all health measures. Adjusting for objective socioeconomic measures attenuated the associations; although they all remained statistically significant apart from LLI among girls. The subjective assessment contributes to health inequalities in young people largely independent of objective SEP. Subjective ratings most probably capture aspects of social hierarchy that are more subtle and less well represented than in conventional measures.
Department of Social and Health Policy and Economics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. sakari.karvonen@thl.fi
Sakari
S
Karvonen
Ossi
O
Rahkonen
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice; D011594:Psychometrics; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012923:Social Class; D012938:Social Perception; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires