Etiology, prevention, and treatment of dermal filler complications.
The availability of dermal fillers for multiple cosmetic indications has led to a dramatic increase in their application. Although fillers are generally regarded as safe tools for soft tissue augmentation, complications can occur. Therefore, to describe and review the complications associated with the currently-available dermal filling agents, the authors conducted a literature review in peer-reviewed journals and present the reported complication rates. They also describe current strategies to avoid, diagnose, and manage complications if they do occur.
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75038, USA.
Steven H
SH
Bailey
Joel L
JL
Cohen
Jeffrey M
JM
Kenkel
D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015595:Skin Aging