Design and validation of a portable, inexpensive and multi-beam timing light system using the Nintendo Wii hand controllers.
OBJECTIVE
Commercial timing light systems (CTLS) provide precise measurement of athletes running velocity, however they are often expensive and difficult to transport. In this study an inexpensive, wireless and portable timing light system was created using the infrared camera in Nintendo Wii hand controllers (NWHC).


METHODS
System creation with gold-standard validation.


METHODS
A Windows-based software program using NWHC to replicate a dual-beam timing gate was created. Firstly, data collected during 2m walking and running trials were validated against a 3D kinematic system. Secondly, data recorded during 5m running trials at various intensities from standing or flying starts were compared to a single beam CTLS and the independent and average scores of three handheld stopwatch (HS) operators. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess validity. Absolute error quartiles and percentage of trials in absolute error threshold ranges were used to determine accuracy.


RESULTS
The NWHC system was valid when compared against the 3D kinematic system (ICC=0.99, median absolute error (MAR)=2.95%). For the flying 5m trials the NWHC system possessed excellent validity and precision (ICC=0.97, MAR<3%) when compared with the CTLS. In contrast, the NWHC system and the HS values during standing start trials possessed only modest validity (ICC<0.75) and accuracy (MAR>8%).


CONCLUSIONS
A NWHC timing light system is inexpensive, portable and valid for assessing running velocity. Errors in the 5m standing start trials may have been due to erroneous event detection by either the commercial or NWHC-based timing light systems.
Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Australia. raclark@unimelb.edu.au
Ross A
RA
Clark
Kade
K
Paterson
Callan
C
Ritchie
Simon
S
Blundell
Adam L
AL
Bryant
D003201:Computers; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012420:Running; D019876:Sports Equipment; D018910:Video Games; D016138:Walking