In vitro comparison of the pullout strength of 3 anterior double-screw fixation techniques with different screw angulations.
OBJECTIVE
The pullout resistance of double-screw fixation systems in anterior spine surgery has been shown to be dependent on screw length as well as on screw angulation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pullout strength of anterior double-screw systems with different angulations.


METHODS
The authors conducted a comparative pullout test of converging, parallel, and diverging angulations of double-screw systems in human cadavers. Twenty-four human vertebral bodies from T-11 to L-1 were harvested from 8 donors, dissected from surrounding tissue, and matched to 3 different fixation groups. Three systems were tested: VentroFix, with near parallel screw direction; the Hopf Anterior Fixation System (HAFS), with converging screw angulation; and the ART anterior system, with diverging screw angulation.


RESULTS
The mean (± SD) pullout strength of the VentroFix system was 699 ± 214 N, whereas the HAFS resisted to 591 ± 372 N. The ART anterior system with diverging screws demonstrated a pullout resistance of 810 ± 273 N. There was no significant difference amongst the pullout forces of the 3 groups (p > 0.05). In the HAFS and the ART anterior group, a weak correlation of pullout strength and bone mineral density measured by quantitative CT was found (r = 0.59 and r = 0.62, respectively), whereas the pullout force of the VentroFix system was not correlated with bone mineral density (r = 0.33).


CONCLUSIONS
The in vitro pullout resistance of anterior double-screw systems does not appear to depend on screw angulation.
Department for Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Klinikum Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier, Germany. sebastian.fuerderer@gmx.de
Sebastian
S
Fuerderer
Jan
J
Vonhoegen
Oliver
O
Coenen
Joern
J
Michael
Juergen
J
Koebke
Peer
P
Eysel
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed