Melanin synthesis inhibitors from Balanophora fungosa.
Tyrosinase, trypsin, and tryptase are known to play important roles in melanin production of human skin. This paper describes the study of the inhibitory effect of Balanophora fungosa on melanin. The 50% EtOH extract obtained from B. fungosa indicated an inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity with an IC(50) value of 15 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract resulted in the isolation of four known compounds. Their structures were identified as 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-HHDP-β-d-glucopyranose (1), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (2), caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranose (3), and abietin (4) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and comparison of their spectral data with those in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 prevented pigmentation of melanin in a three-dimensional cultured human skin model. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 indicated inhibitory activities against trypsin and tryptase.
Okinawa Industrial Technology Center, 12-2 Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa 901-2213, Japan. ogitkyuk@pref.okinawa.lg.jp
Takayuki
T
Ogi
Maki
M
Higa
Susumu
S
Maruyama
D031111:Balanophoraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma; D008954:Models, Biological; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053802:Tryptases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008543:Melanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D053802:Tryptases