Controlling biofilm formation, prophage excision and cell death by rewiring global regulator H-NS of Escherichia coli.
The global regulator H-NS of Escherichia coli controls genes related to stress response, biofilm formation and virulence by recognizing curved DNA and by silencing acquired genes. Here, we rewired H-NS to control biofilm formation using protein engineering; H-NS variant K57N was obtained that reduces biofilm formation 10-fold compared with wild-type H-NS (wild-type H-NS increases biofilm formation whereas H-NS K57N reduces it). Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that H-NS K57N represses biofilm formation through its interaction with the nucleoid-associated proteins Cnu and StpA and in the absence of these proteins, H-NS K57N was unable to reduce biofilm formation. Significantly, H-NS K57N enhanced the excision of defective prophage Rac while wild-type H-NS represses excision, and H-NS controlled only Rac excision among the nine resident E. coli K-12 prophages. Rac prophage excision not only led to the change in biofilm formation but also resulted in cell lysis through the expression of toxin HokD. Hence, the H-NS regulatory system may be evolved through a single-amino-acid change in its N-terminal oligomerization domain to control biofilm formation, prophage excision and apoptosis.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
Seok Hoon
SH
Hong
Xiaoxue
X
Wang
Thomas K
TK
Wood
D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D001433:Bacteriolysis; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000821:virology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D015202:Protein Engineering; D014775:Virus Activation
D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C529458:FimG protein, E coli; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins
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