Morphological and molecular alterations in 1,2 dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.
The dimethyhydrazine (DMH) or azoxymethane (AOM) model is a well-established, well-appreciated, and widely used model of experimental colon carcinogenesis. It has many morphological as well as molecular similarities to human sporadic colorectal cancer (CC), which are summarized and discussed in this paper. In addition, the paper combines present knowledge of morphological and molecular features in the multistep development of CC recognized in the DMH/AOM rat model. This understanding is necessary in order to accurately identify and interpret alterations that occur in the colonic mucosa when evaluating natural or pharmacological compounds in DMH/AOM rat colon carcinogenesis. The DMH/AOM model provides a wide range of options for investigating various initiating and environmental factors, the role of specific dietary and genetic factors, and therapeutic options in CC. The limitations of this model and suggested areas in which more research is required are also discussed.
Institute of Pathology, Medical Experimental Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia. martina.perse@mf.uni-lj.si
Martina
M
Perše
Anton
A
Cerar
D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000633:toxicity; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D009626:Terminology as Topic
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D001397:Azoxymethane
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol. 1978 Dec 21;29(3):211-23
104430
Carcinogenesis. 2000 Jun;21(6):1149-55
10837003
J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):624-30
1991846
Dis Colon Rectum. 1998 Apr;41(4):490-505
9559635
Int J Cancer. 2005 Aug 10;116(1):9-15
15751047
Int J Cancer. 2008 Apr 1;122(7):1675-8
18058797
Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 1;65(1):121-9
15665287
Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 15;67(2):445-9
17234750
Cancer Res. 2001 Dec 1;61(23):8435-40
11731424
Cancer Res. 2000 Aug 15;60(16):4602-9
10969813
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009;2009:358230
19809520
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:828045
20625420
Int J Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;125(1):249-52
19358283
Digestion. 2002;66(3):131-44
12481159
Cancer Res. 1997 Oct 15;57(20):4507-10
9377561
Cancer Sci. 2004 Jun;95(6):475-80
15182426
Cytobios. 1993;73(293):73-88
8319499
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1984;108(1):129-34
6430908
Invest New Drugs. 2010 Jun;28(3):251-9
19300909
Cancer Res. 1998 Mar 15;58(6):1130-4
9515795
Anticancer Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6A):3771-5
19189663
Cancer Res. 1991 Oct 1;51(19):5270-4
1913650
Gastroenterology. 1988 Aug;95(2):343-8
3391364
Mutat Res. 2002 Sep 30;506-507:137-44
12351153
Carcinogenesis. 2004 Feb;25(2):277-81
14604897
Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jan;23(1):201-5
11756242
Cancer Lett. 1995 Sep 4;96(1):63-70
7553609
Int J Cancer. 2001 May 15;92(4):609-15
11304699
Carcinogenesis. 1998 Jan;19(1):147-55
9472706
Cancer Res. 2000 Jul 1;60(13):3323-7
10910031
Cancer Res. 2003 May 15;63(10):2388-92
12750256
Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1787-90
9065402
Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):1874-8
11280741
Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2007 Aug;99(8):463-6
18020863
Planta Med. 2008 Oct;74(13):1602-7
18604780
Mol Carcinog. 1997 Jun;19(2):137-44
9210960
Mutat Res. 2008 Feb 29;650(2):123-31
18155637
Carcinogenesis. 1993 Sep;14(9):1777-81
8403199
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002 Mar;35(3):351-5
11887213
Pharmacol Rep. 2009 Sep-Oct;61(5):909-16
19904015
Invest New Drugs. 2009 Feb;27(1):21-30
18496650
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jun;21(2):203-11
12148579
Cell Signal. 2008 Oct;20(10):1697-704
18555664
Cancer Lett. 1999 Jun 1;140(1-2):99-104
10403547
Toxicol Lett. 2000 Mar 15;112-113:395-402
10720758
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:150960
20617134
Cancer Lett. 1995 Jun 29;93(1):55-71
7600544
Carcinogenesis. 2009 Feb;30(2):183-96
19037092
Br J Cancer. 1998 Jun;77(12):2148-51
9649126
Gastroenterology. 1996 Apr;110(4):1259-62
8613017
Cancer Lett. 2000 Dec 20;161(2):185-93
11090968
Cancer Res. 1995 Nov 1;55(21):4743-6
7585496
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Nov 25;1756(2):83-96
16219426
Mutat Res. 2004 May;566(3):191-208
15082237
Cell. 2008 Jul 25;134(2):215-30
18662538
Cancer Res. 1998 Jan 1;58(1):42-6
9426055
J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Feb;21(2):77-88
20122631
Cancer Lett. 2005 Mar 18;220(1):67-74
15737689
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan;40(1):61-7
15841716
Cancer Lett. 2000 Jan 1;148(1):33-7
10680590
Pflugers Arch. 2000;440(5 Suppl):R55-7
11005612
Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2007 Aug;99(8):438-9
18020858
World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov 21;14(43):6632-5
19034964
Carcinogenesis. 1999 Feb;20(2):185-91
10069452
Carcinogenesis. 2000 Sep;21(9):1753-6
10964108
J Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep 1;98(3):207-13
18623110
CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Mar-Apr;55(2):74-108
15761078
Pharmacol Rep. 2006 Mar-Apr;58(2):229-35
16702625
Cancer Res. 1991 Mar 1;51(5):1564-7
1997197
Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 9;95(7):889-95
16969348
J Carcinog. 2009;8:5
19332896
Mol Carcinog. 2003 Apr;36(4):195-203
12669311
Carcinogenesis. 2000 Jul;21(7):1319-27
10874009
Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Jun 30;155(1-2):1-9
15904905
Carcinogenesis. 2000 Jun;21(6):1117-20
10836998
Gan. 1983 Feb;74(1):21-7
6301917
World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Dec;9(12):2642-9
14669304
Int J Cancer. 2009 Aug 1;125(3):541-7
19431205
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Dec;11(12):1653-62
12496057
BMC Cancer. 2010 May 11;10:194
20459814
Biomaterials. 2009 Feb;30(6):1184-96
19046599
Carcinogenesis. 1992 Nov;13(11):2081-5
1423879
J Gastroenterol. 2002;37(3):186-93
11931531
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Aug 05;27:26
18681964
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Feb;278(2):G266-72
10666051
Cancer Sci. 2004 Oct;95(10):792-7
15504245
Int J Cancer. 2008 Jan 1;122(1):117-23
17847023
Cancer Lett. 1997 Feb 26;113(1-2):9-16
9065795
Oncogene. 1999 Sep 20;18(38):5325-33
10498885
Cancer Res. 1986 Oct;46(10):5068-71
3756864
Cancer Lett. 1987 Oct 30;37(2):147-51
3677050
Eur Surg Res. 1999;31(3):272-80
10352356
Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2005;10(3):535-51
16217561
Carcinogenesis. 1999 Dec;20(12):2345-50
10590231
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1984;104:27-43
6396831
Cancer Res. 2001 Nov 15;61(22):8085-8
11719432
Nutr Cancer. 1983;5(2):78-86
6647041
Cancer Lett. 1997 Jun 3;116(1):15-9
9177452
Int J Cancer. 2009 Jun 1;124(11):2750-3
19173288
Eur J Cancer. 2005 Sep;41(13):1911-22
16084718
J Nutr. 2007 Nov;137(11 Suppl):2576S-2579S
17951506
Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 Jul;8(14):1313-7
19502780
Gastroenterology. 2003 Mar;124(3):762-77
12612914
Am J Pathol. 1993 Jun;142(6):1695-700
8506941
Xenobiotica. 1990 May;20(5):501-13
2112289
Carcinogenesis. 1997 Mar;18(3):465-72
9067543