Myocyte enhancer factor-2 interacting transcriptional repressor (MITR) is a switch that promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells by inactivating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2.
EZH2, a catalytic subunit of Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is a histone lysine methyltransferase that methylates lysine 27 of histone H3, resulting in gene silencing. It has been shown that EZH2 plays a pivotal role in fostering self-renewal and inhibiting the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, which are mutually exclusive. However, it is not clear whether the molecular events of EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing may coordinate differentiation between osteoblasts and adipocytes. Disruption of the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis is associated with many diseases; thus, identifying a switch that determines the fate of MSC is critical. In this study, we used EZH2-ChIP-on-chip assay to identify differential EZH2 targets in the two differentiation stages on a genome-wide scale. After validating the targets, we found that myocyte enhancer factor-2 interacting transcriptional repressor (MITR)/HDAC9c was expressed in osteoblasts and greatly decreased in adipocytes. We demonstrated that MITR plays a crucial role in the acceleration of MSC osteogenesis and attenuation of MSC adipogenesis through interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ-2 in the nucleus of osteoblasts, which interrupts PPARγ-2 activity and prevents adipogenesis. Together, our results demonstrated that MITR plays a master switch role to balance osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through regulation of PPARγ-2 transcriptional activity.
Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
Ya-Huey
YH
Chen
Fang-Ling
FL
Yeh
Su-Peng
SP
Yeh
Haou-Tzong
HT
Ma
Shih-Chieh
SC
Hung
Mien-Chie
MC
Hung
Long-Yuan
LY
Li
D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; C486544:HDAC9 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
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