Factors associated with decreased kidney function in HIV-infected adults enrolled in the MTCT-Plus Initiative in sub-Saharan Africa.
BACKGROUND
Pre-existing kidney disease in HIV-infected patients may necessitate dose modification of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite increasing ART availability, there are few prevalence studies of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals across multiple African countries.


METHODS
Routine laboratory data obtained before ART initiation were used to evaluate prevalence and predictors of decreased creatinine clearance (CrCl) in participants of the MTCT-Plus Initiative from 7 sub-Saharan countries. Cockcroft-Gault equation was used to estimate CrCl and logistic regression modeling to identify factors associated with CrCl <50 mL/min.


RESULTS
Of 2495 individuals evaluated, median age was 30 years (interquartile range: 27-35); 70% were women. Median CD4+ cell count was 295 (interquartile range: 173-450); 78% were World Health Organization stage 1/2. Median CrCl was 95 mL/min. Overall, 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7 to 4.1] of patients had a CrCl <50 mL/min. Age >30 years (odds ratio = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.23 to 3.45) and CD4+ count <50 cells per cubic millimeter (odds ratio = 5.4 for CD4+ <50, 95% CI: 2.5 to 11.9) were associated with CrCl <50 mL/min.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of clinically significant kidney disease was low in this relatively healthy population of HIV-infected adults, and few participants would have required ART dose reductions. These findings support recent World Health Organization guidelines to initiate ART without routine laboratory screening. Our findings suggest that available laboratory resources could be targeted to older persons and those with very low CD4+ cell count.
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital and School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. jennifer.jao@mssm.edu
Jennifer
J
Jao
Wilson
W
Lo
Patricia L
PL
Toro
Christina
C
Wyatt
Dennis
D
Palmer
Elaine J
EJ
Abrams
Rosalind J
RJ
Carter
D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine / Q000821:virology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
D003404:Creatinine