Prevalence and risk factors for giardiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in three municipalities of Southeastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil: risk factors for giardiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis.
Giardiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are parasitic diseases that are among the major health concerns observed in economically disadvantaged populations of developing countries, and have clear social and environmental bases. In Brazil, there is a lack of epidemiologic data concerning these infections in the study area, whose inhabitants have plenty of access to health care services, including good dwelling and adequate sanitary conditions. In this survey we investigated the risk factors for giardiasis and STH in three municipalities with good sanitation, situated in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the municipalities of Piau, Coronel Pacheco and Goianá, in both urban and rural areas. The fieldwork consisted of a questionnaire and the examination of 2,367 stool samples using the Hoffmann, Pons and Janer method. Of all individuals from the population sample, 6.1% were found infected with the parasitic diseases included in this work. Hookworm infection was the most prevalent disease, followed by giardiasis, trichuriasis and ascariasis. Infection was more prevalent in males (8.1%, p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 1.975) and in individuals living in rural areas (8.6%, p = 0.003; OR = 1.693). Multivariate analysis showed that variables such as inadequate sewage discharge (p < 0.001), drinking of unsafe water (p < 0.001), lack of sanitary infrastructure (p = 0.015), and host sex (p < 0.001) were the risk factors more strongly associated with infection status (95% confidence interval [CI]). In this study we demonstrate that giardiasis and STH still persist, infecting people who have good housing conditions and free access to public health care and education.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Brasileira, Universidade Federal de Juiz de, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Izabella de Oliveira
Ide O
Pinheiro
Milton Ferreira
MF
de Castro
Adalberto
A
Mitterofhe
Flávia Alves Condé
FA
Pires
Clarice
C
Abramo
Luiz Cláudio
LC
Ribeiro
Sandra Helena Cerrato
SH
Tibiriçá
Elaine Soares
ES
Coimbra
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002947:Cities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
Acta Trop. 2007 Apr;102(1):10-9
17428432
Rev Saude Publica. 2002 Feb;36(1):69-74
11887232
Adv Parasitol. 2006;62:221-61
16647972
Cad Saude Publica. 1999 Jan-Mar;15(1):173-8
10203457
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008 Jan 30;2(1):e177
18327292
Int J Parasitol. 2005 Oct;35(11-12):1319-31
16102769
Cad Saude Publica. 2007 Jun;23(6):1283-93
17546320
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008 Mar 26;2(3):e126
18365031
Parasitology. 2004 Mar;128(Pt 3):253-62
15080083
Vet J. 1999 May;157(3):295-301
10328840
Trends Parasitol. 2006 May;22(5):203-8
16545611
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Dec 01;3(12):e558
19956662
Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Aug;13(8):994-1004
18627581
Trends Parasitol. 2005 Jan;21(1):42-8
15639740
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2002;28(2):123-47
12109771
Int J Parasitol. 2000 Nov;30(12-13):1369-77
11113262
PLoS Pathog. 2009 Aug;5(8):e1000560
19696920
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Feb;68(2):228-32
12641416
Vet Parasitol. 2004 Dec 9;126(1-2):15-35
15567577
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001 Apr;96(3):303-14
11313635