Effect of a phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat®, on prostatic and urinary cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis.
BACKGROUND
Chronic inflammation in the prostate has recently been recognized as an important component of the symptom progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of cytokines/chemokines in prostate tissue and urine to identify markers of prostate inflammation in a prostatitis model and to investigate the effect of a phytotherapeutic agent, Eviprostat®, on these markers.


METHODS
Ten-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) was experimentally induced in groups 2-4 by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol for 30 days. Control rats were fed a standard diet, while animals in the Eviprostat groups were fed a diet containing 0.05 or 0.1% Eviprostat for 30 days. The levels of cytokines/chemokines in prostate tissue on the 31st day and in urine collected the day before castration and the day before removal of the prostate were determined.


RESULTS
Experimentally induced NBP increased the prostatic levels of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The levels of the chemokines CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), CXCL1/CINC-1, CXCL3/CINC-2, and CXCL5/LIX were elevated in both prostate and urine. Eviprostat significantly suppressed the increases in prostate IL-1β, TNF-α and CCL3/MIP-1α and prostatic and urinary CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL1/CINC-1.


CONCLUSIONS
Chemokines, including CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL1/CINC-1, were elevated in the prostate and urine of NBP rats, and Eviprostat potently suppressed the increases in CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL1/CINC-1. These chemokines are therefore candidate diagnostic biomarkers for nonbacterial chronic prostatic inflammation.
Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan. micsugi@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp
Mikio
M
Sugimoto
Michiko
M
Oka
Hiroyuki
H
Tsunemori
Motoki
M
Yamashita
Yoshiyuki
Y
Kakehi
D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004979:Ethamsylate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011467:Prostate / Q000276:immunology*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004979:Ethamsylate; C010152:eviprostat