Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerates inflammatory atherosclerosis in the innominate artery of ApoE deficient mice.
OBJECTIVE
Studies in humans support a role for the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in the development of inflammatory atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to determine if P. gingivalis infection accelerates inflammation and atherosclerosis in the innominate artery of mice, an artery which has been reported to exhibit many features of human atherosclerotic disease, including plaque rupture.


RESULTS
Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were orally infected with P. gingivalis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor the progression of atherosclerosis in live mice. P. gingivalis infected mice exhibited a statistically significant increase in atherosclerotic plaque in the innominate artery as compared to uninfected mice. Polarized light microscopy and immunohistochemistry revealed that the innominate arteries of infected mice had increased lipids, macrophages and T cells as compared to uninfected mice. Increases in plaque, total cholesterol esters and cholesterol monohydrate crystals, macrophages, and T cells were prevented by immunization with heat-killed P. gingivalis prior to pathogen exposure.


CONCLUSIONS
These are the first studies to demonstrate progression of inflammatory plaque accumulation in the innominate arteries by in vivo MRI analysis following pathogen exposure, and to document protection from plaque progression in the innominate artery via immunization.
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States. hayashi@bu.edu
Chie
C
Hayashi
Jason
J
Viereck
Ning
N
Hua
Alkystis
A
Phinikaridou
Andrés G
AG
Madrigal
Frank C
FC
Gibson
James A
JA
Hamilton
Caroline A
CA
Genco
D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000209:etiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D001057:Apolipoproteins E
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