Force analysis of bacterial transmission from contact lens cases to corneas, with the contact lens as the intermediary.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the probability of transmission of a Staphylococcus aureus strain from a contact lens case, to the contact lens (CL) surfaces, to the cornea, on the basis of bacterial adhesion forces measured by using atomic force microscopy (AFM).


METHODS
Adhesion forces between S. aureus strain 835 probes with rigid and soft CLs, storage cases, and porcine corneas were measured with AFM and used to calculate Weibull distributions, from which the transmission probability from one surface to another was derived. Bacterial transmission probabilities from force analyses were compared with experimentally obtained transmission data.


RESULTS
After bond-strengthening, S. aureus adhered to the surface of a lens case with a median force of 10.8 nN. Adhesion forces were different on the soft and rigid CLs (7.7 and 13.6 nN, respectively). Adhesion forces on porcine corneas amounted to 11.8 nN. Data variations were used to calculate the Weibull distribution, from which the probability of transmission from the lens case to a CL and from the CL to the cornea can be directly read. Final transmission probabilities from lens case to the cornea were slightly higher for the rigid (24%) than for the soft (19%) CL. Bacterial transmission determined experimentally increased with increasing contact times, but were within the range of the probabilities derived from Weibull analyses.


CONCLUSIONS
Probabilities of bacterial transmission from contaminated lens cases to corneas can be derived from Weibull analyses of measured forces of adhesion to the surfaces involved.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wenwen
W
Qu
Johanna M M
JM
Hooymans
Joop
J
de Vries
Henny C
HC
van der Mei
Henk J
HJ
Busscher
D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000382:microbiology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000382:microbiology*; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000635:transmission*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011336:Probability; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000635:transmission; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors