Adolescent obesity and maternal and paternal sensitivity and monitoring.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if adolescent obesity is associated with parenting characterized by lower sensitivity and lower monitoring of adolescent activities.


METHODS
We used data from 744 adolescents in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Height and weight were measured at age 15½ years and obesity defined as body mass index ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex. Maternal and paternal sensitivity were assessed by direct observation of a parent-adolescent interaction task. Maternal and paternal monitoring were assessed by parent report. Lower sensitivity and lower monitoring were each defined as the lowest quartiles. Two separate multivariate logistic regression models were created to evaluate, individually for mothers and fathers, associations of sensitivity and monitoring with adolescent obesity, controlling for adolescent sex and race, family income-to-needs ratio, and parental obesity.


RESULTS
Fourteen percent of the adolescents were obese. Lower sensitivity was associated with adolescent obesity in the maternal parenting model (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-3.86, n = 709), but not paternal parenting model (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.38-1.63, n = 460). Neither maternal nor paternal monitoring was associated with adolescent obesity (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.63-1.68; AOR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.52-2.22, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Lower maternal sensitivity, measured by direct observation of parent-adolescent interactions, was associated with adolescent obesity. Efforts to prevent and treat childhood obesity, both at the practitioner level and the community level, may be enhanced by educating parents that their reactions to their children's behaviors may have consequences related to obesity.
Division of General Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Neal.Davis@imail.org
R
R
Neal Davis
Jacqueline
J
Ashba
Danielle P
DP
Appugliese
Niko
N
Kaciroti
Robert F
RF
Corwyn
Robert H
RH
Bradley
Julie C
JC
Lumeng
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting; D010332:Paternal Behavior; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014741:Video Recording