Probing neural circuitry and function with electrical microstimulation.
Since the discovery of the nervous system's electrical excitability more than 200 years ago, neuroscientists have used electrical stimulation to manipulate brain activity in order to study its function. Microstimulation has been a valuable technique for probing neural circuitry and identifying networks of neurons that underlie perception, movement and cognition. In this review, we focus on the use of stimulation in behaving primates, an experimental system that permits causal inferences to be made about the effect of stimulation-induced activity on the resulting behaviour or neural signals elsewhere in the brain.
Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Kelsey L
KL
Clark
Katherine M
KM
Armstrong
Tirin
T
Moore
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011323:Primates / Q000502:physiology*
Neuron. 2000 Jun;26(3):703-14
10896165
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul;92(1):424-32
14973313
J Neurophysiol. 1997 May;77(5):2252-67
9163356
J Neurophysiol. 2001 Feb;85(2):804-15
11160514
Brain Res. 1983 Jun 13;269(1):145-8
6871695
J Neurophysiol. 1969 Sep;32(5):637-48
4980022
J Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul;92(1):395-407
14985414
J Neurophysiol. 1998 Oct;80(4):1713-35
9772234
Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):65-8
18094684
J Neurophysiol. 1968 Jan;31(1):14-27
4966614
J Neurophysiol. 2010 Mar;103(3):1696-704
19955285
Neuron. 2003 Nov 13;40(4):671-83
14622573
Nat Neurosci. 2008 Nov;11(11):1262-3
18849984
J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 11;26(41):10380-6
17035522
J Physiol. 1967 Aug;191(3):609-31
4963872
J Neurophysiol. 1972 Nov;35(6):915-24
4631839
Nat Neurosci. 2003 Sep;6(9):989-95
12925854
J Neurophysiol. 1980 Dec;44(6):1175-89
6778974
Neuron. 2002 May 30;34(5):841-51
12062029
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1998;21:149-86
9530495
J Neurosci. 1998 May 15;18(10):3870-96
9570816
Neuroscientist. 2003 Oct;9(5):332-42
14580118
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1950 Dec;43(6):482-9
14794830
Curr Biol. 2007 May 15;17(10):862-7
17462895
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:611-47
15217345
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2008;31:317-38
18558858
J Physiol. 1968 May;196(2):479-93
4871047
Brain. 1984 Jun;107 ( Pt 2):385-414
6722510
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 May 20;105(20):7315-20
18477698
J Neurophysiol. 1985 Jan;53(1):266-91
2983037
Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1870-4
10489359
Nature. 1996 Nov 7;384(6604):74-7
8900281
Nature. 2006 Aug 10;442(7103):692-5
16878143
Curr Biol. 2010 May 11;20(9):824-8
20381351
Nature. 2000 Oct 26;407(6807):1003-7
11069179
Exp Brain Res. 1983;49(3):381-92
6641836
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Apr;32(2-3):413-48
10760550
Brain. 1984 Sep;107 ( Pt 3):727-49
6478176
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Aug;96(2):512-21
16835359
Nat Neurosci. 2006 May;9(5):682-9
16604069
Vision Res. 1972 Nov;12(11):1795-808
4627952
Nat Neurosci. 2010 Oct;13(10):1283-91
20818384
Neuron. 2000 Apr;26(1):273-8
10798410
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 30;98(3):1273-6
11158629
J Neurosci. 2002 Nov 1;22(21):9475-89
12417672
Nature. 2006 Nov 2;444(7115):56-60
17057705
Brain Res. 1975 Nov 21;98(3):417-40
1102064
Neuron. 2007 Nov 8;56(3):541-51
17988636
Neuron. 1999 Sep;24(1):67-77, 111-25
10677027
J Neurophysiol. 1984 Jan;51(1):16-31
6693933
J Neurophysiol. 1983 Jan;49(1):45-63
6827303
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 29;104(22):9499-504
17517599
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1980;40(4):713-27
7435271
Neuron. 2009 Aug 27;63(4):508-22
19709632
J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 31;24(13):3260-7
15056705
J Neurosci Methods. 1996 Mar;65(1):1-17
8815302
J Neurophysiol. 2002 Feb;87(2):802-18
11826048
Brain Res. 1978 Oct 13;154(2):366-70
99211
Nat Neurosci. 2006 Apr;9(4):562-8
16501567
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1999 Apr;9(2):189-94
10322191
J Neurophysiol. 1985 Sep;54(3):714-34
4045546
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):6163-8
12719522
J Neurosci. 1984 Aug;4(8):2051-62
6470767
J Neurophysiol. 1977 Jul;40(4):861-78
407334
Nature. 1998 Jul 2;394(6688):72-5
9665129
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 10;102(19):6996-7001
15860578
Cereb Cortex. 1993 Sep-Oct;3(5):454-64
8260813
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):348-59
17005608
Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1355-9
18535247
J Neurophysiol. 1996 Aug;76(2):927-52
8871209
J Neurosci. 2009 Aug 26;29(34):10683-94
19710320
J Neurosci. 2004 Dec 15;24(50):11236-43
15601929
Nature. 1998 Mar 26;392(6674):387-90
9537321
J Neurosci. 2007 Jul 18;27(29):7619-30
17634356
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Feb;9(2):97-107
18200026
Nat Neurosci. 2003 Aug;6(8):891-8
12858179
J Neurophysiol. 2000 Aug;84(2):986-1005
10938322
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2004 Apr;14(2):169-77
15082321
J Neurosci. 2003 Jan 15;23(2):632-51
12533623
Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):370-3
12540901
Nature. 1990 Jul 12;346(6280):174-7
2366872
J Neurophysiol. 1993 Mar;69(3):786-99
8385195