Induction of transplantation tolerance converts potential effector T cells into graft-protective regulatory T cells.
Naturally occurring FOXP3(+) CD4(+) Treg have a crucial role in self-tolerance. The ability to generate similar populations against alloantigens offers the possibility of preventing transplant rejection without indefinite global immunosuppression. Exposure of mice to donor alloantigens combined with anti-CD4 antibody induces operational tolerance to cardiac allografts, and generates Treg that prevent skin and islet allograft rejection in adoptive transfer models. If protocols that generate Treg in vivo are to be developed in the clinical setting it will be important to know the origin of the Treg population and the mechanisms responsible for their generation. In this study, we demonstrate that graft-protective Treg arise in vivo both from naturally occurring FOXP3(+) CD4(+) Treg and from non-regulatory FOXP3(-) CD4(+) cells. Importantly, tolerance induction also inhibits CD4(+) effector cell priming and T cells from tolerant mice have impaired effector function in vitro. Thus, adaptive tolerance induction shapes the immune response to alloantigen by converting potential effector cells into graft-protective Treg and by expanding alloreactive naturally occurring Treg. In relation to clinical tolerance induction, the data indicate that while the generation of alloreactive Treg may be critical for long-term allograft survival without chronic immunosuppression, successful protocols will also require strategies that target potential effector cells.
Transplant Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Ross S
RS
Francis
Gang
G
Feng
Thanyalak
T
Tha-In
Ian S
IS
Lyons
Kathryn J
KJ
Wood
Andrew
A
Bushell
D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D007519:Isoantigens; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014019:Tissue Donors; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007519:Isoantigens
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