Occupational health problems of musicians.
Musicians, as well as other performing artists, may have their careers interrupted by, interfered with, or terminated by occupational health problems involving the neuro-musculoskeletal system. Adverse working conditions, organization, and activity may affect the health of musicians in all age groups and at all levels of performing ability. Instrument-specific health problems are related to excessive force, static loading, repetitive movement, and duration of musical performance. Important risk factors are 1) change in technique or instrument; 2) intense preparation for a performance; 3) preparation of a new and difficult repertoire; and 4) prolonged periods of performance without rest. Treatment protocols and health promotion or disease prevention programs are being developed in collaboration with the performing arts community.
J
J
Chong
M
M
Lynden
D
D
Harvey
M
M
Peebles
N Engl J Med. 1989 Jan 26;320(4):221-7
2643048
Br Med J. 1978 Apr 8;1(6117):900-3
346149
JAMA. 1984 Aug 24-31;252(8):985-9
6748213
JAMA. 1983 Apr 8;249(14):1869-72
6834581
Lancet. 1986 Sep 27;2(8509):728-31
2876196
Br J Ind Med. 1987 Jan;44(1):35-40
3814532
Ann Rheum Dis. 1981 Apr;40(2):161-3
7224687