Complications of endoscopic and radiologic investigation of biliary tract disorders.
The investigation and treatment of disorders of the human biliary tree depend considerably on invasive endoscopic and radiologic procedures. These are associated with a significant risk of complications, some of which can be fatal. This review looks at these complications through the lens of 40 years of publications in the medical literature, and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of their current classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
GI Hospitalist Program, Digestive Health Specialists, 3209 South 23rd Street, Suite 340, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA. klausmergener@aol.com
Klaus
K
Mergener
D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006431:Hemobilia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
D003287:Contrast Media
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