Screening and early detection of lung cancer.
Lung cancer with an estimated 342,000 deaths in 2008 (20% of total) is the most common cause of death from cancer, followed by colorectal cancer (12%), breast cancer (8%), and stomach cancer (7%) in Europe. In former smokers, the absolute lung cancer risk remains higher than in never-smokers; these data therefore call for effective secondary preventive measures for lung cancer in addition to smoking cessation programs. This review presents and discusses the most recent advances in the early detection and screening of lung cancer.An overview of randomized controlled computerized tomography-screening trials is given, and the role of bronchoscopy and new techniques is discussed. Finally, the approach of (noninvasive) biomarker testing in the blood, exhaled breath, sputum, and bronchoscopic specimen is reviewed.
Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. s.vantwesteinde@erasmusmc.nl
Susan C
SC
Van't Westeinde
Rob J
RJ
van Klaveren
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor