Assessing the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of secondary metabolites produced by several fungal biological control agents with the Ames assay and the VITOTOX(®) test.
The potential genotoxic effects of several pure secondary metabolites produced by fungi used as biological control agents (BCAs) were studied with the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay and the Vitotox test, with and without metabolic activation. A complete set of Salmonella tester strains was used to avoid false negative results. To detect possible mutagenic and/or cytotoxic effects of fungal secondary metabolites due to synergistic action, crude extracts and fungal cell extracts of the BCAs were also examined. Although the sensitivity of the methods varied depending on the metabolite used, clearly no genotoxicity was observed in all cases. The results of the two assays are discussed in the light of being used in a complementary fashion for a convincing risk-assessment evaluation of fungal BCAs and their secondary metabolites.
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistemiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece.
Vassili N
VN
Kouvelis
Chengshu
C
Wang
Anke
A
Skrobek
Katherine M
KM
Pappas
Milton A
MA
Typas
Tariq M
TM
Butt
D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics
D009153:Mutagens; D009183:Mycotoxins