Nurse burnout and its association with occupational stress in a cross-sectional study in Shanghai.
OBJECTIVE
This paper is a report of a study investigating nurse burnout and its association with occupational stressors in Shanghai, China.


BACKGROUND
Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Measuring burnout among nurses and its association with occupational stressors are important in providing appropriate intervention to reduce stress and burnout.


METHODS
In total, 527 nurses from 41 hospitals in Shanghai returned self-reported questionnaires in June 2008. Their burden of burnout was measured by the Chinese version of 'Maslach Burnout Inventory', and their stress by the Chinese version of 'job content questionnaire' and 'effort-reward imbalance questionnaire'.


RESULTS
Most nurses (74·76%) had a Demand/Control ratio higher than 1 and 27·13% had an Effort/Reward ratio higher than 1. The nurses showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, moderate level of depersonalization, and low level of reduced personal accomplishment. Linear regression analyses showed higher burden of stress and burnout among nurses at younger age, or on shift duty or from higher grade hospitals. Both the job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire models had good predictive powers of the nurses' burnout, especially the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire model is more powerful than the other in predicting two Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurses in Shanghai were suffering from high levels of burnout, which was strongly associated with work-related stress. Interventions in reducing occupational stress are needed to reduce the burden of burnout in Chinese nurses.
Pudong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Zhenyu
Z
Xie
Aolin
A
Wang
Bo
B
Chen
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000453:epidemiology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000458:organization & administration; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007587:Job Description; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012201:Reward; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology