Is cell polarity under mechanical control in plants?
Plant cells experience a tremendous amount of mechanical stress caused by turgor pressure. Because cells are glued to their neighbors by the middle lamella, supracellular patterns of physical forces are emerging during growth, usually leading to tension in the epidermis. Cortical microtubules have been shown to reorient in response to these mechanical stresses, and to resist them, indirectly via their impact on the anisotropic structure of the cell wall. In a recent study, we show that the polar localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1 can also be under the control of physical forces, thus linking cell growth rate and anisotropy by a common mechanical signal. Because of the known impact of auxin on the stiffness of the cell wall, this suggests that the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix play a crucial signaling role in morphogenesis, notably controlling the polarity of the cell, as observed in animal systems.
INRA, CNRS, ENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon Cedex, France. Olivier.Hamant@ens-lyon.fr
Olivier
O
Hamant
Elliot M
EM
Meyerowitz
Jan
J
Traas
D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D059828:Plant Cells; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000494:pharmacology
D001549:Benzamides; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D013424:Sulfanilamides; C012465:oryzalin; C057467:isoxaben
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 31;103(5):1301-6
16432192
J Cell Biol. 2001 Jun 11;153(6):1175-86
11402062
Biophys J. 2000 Jul;79(1):144-52
10866943
Curr Biol. 2003 Aug 19;13(16):1365-77
12932320
Cell. 2004 Jan 23;116(2):167-79
14744429
Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):485-92
20110992
Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):493-6
17495931
PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Oct;4(10):e1000207
18974825
Genes Dev. 2009 Feb 1;23(3):373-84
19204121
Cell. 2010 Oct 1;143(1):99-110
20887895
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;7(4):265-75
16607289
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 31;103(5):1633-8
16415160
Nature. 2003 Nov 20;426(6964):255-60
14628043
Curr Biol. 2005 Nov 8;15(21):1899-911
16271866
Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1650-5
19074340
Cell. 1997 Jan 10;88(1):39-48
9019403
Mol Syst Biol. 2010 Nov 2;6:425
21045819
Development. 2008 Oct;135(19):3175-83
18776142
Nat Rev Genet. 2009 Aug;10(8):517-30
19584811
PLoS Biol. 2010 Oct 19;8(10):e1000516
20976043
Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Jun;12(6):533-42
20453849
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 31;103(5):1627-32
16432202
Cancer Cell. 2005 Sep;8(3):241-54
16169468
J Membr Biol. 2001 Jan 15;179(2):79-102
11220366
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 21;107(38):16518-23
20823257