Cardioprotective microRNAs.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in almost every aspect of a mammalian cell's functionality, from stem cell differentiation to aging and pathogenesis; however, their role in immediate cell signaling is less defined. This has been recently demonstrated by the rapid increase or decrease of miR-21's abundance within minutes of activation or inhibition of the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) pathway, respectively, which mediates its regulation of Fas ligand and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 expression, among other targets. Conversely, AKT induces rapid downregulation of miR-199a-5p to effect upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and sirtuin 1. This suggests that posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate miRNAs' processing and/or stability to induce the rapid fluctuation in their levels. In support, a growing number of studies are showing specific posttranscriptional regulation of miRNAs. The data potentially explain how AKT, and plausibly other signaling pathways, can specifically and promptly modulate a gene's translation while circumventing the need for transcription during transient signaling events.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. abdellma@umdnj.edu
Maha
M
Abdellatif
D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D035683:MicroRNAs; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D056564:Sirtuin 1
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