Treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome: molecular characteristics and therapy.
OBJECTIVE
Treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) is a serious complication of cancer treatment. Here we review recent advances in knowledge of the risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of t-MDS.


RESULTS
Recent studies have provided important new information regarding genetic risk factors that may predispose individual patients to develop t-MDS after exposure to cytotoxic therapeutic agents and that may be used to predict individuals at enhanced risk for this complication. The role of specific candidate genes associated with commonly involved genetic lesions in the pathogenesis of t-MDS has also been investigated. Finally, factors determining outcomes of transplantation treatment for this disorder have been elucidated. Hematopoietic cell transplantation provides potentially curative therapy for t-MDS, but additional improvements are necessary to improve outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Improved understanding of genetic risk factors is expected to facilitate early identification of patients at risk for t-MDS, guiding therapeutic decision making, and allowing early application of preventive or therapeutic strategies.
Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA. rbhatia@coh.org
Ravi
R
Bhatia
H Joachim
HJ
Deeg
D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
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