Breast cancer and human papillomavirus infection: no evidence of HPV etiology of breast cancer in Indian women.
BACKGROUND
Two clinically relevant high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types 16 and 18 are etiologically associated with the development of cervical carcinoma and are also reported to be present in many other carcinomas in extra-genital organ sites. Presence of HPV has been reported in breast carcinoma which is the second most common cancer in India and is showing a fast rising trend in urban population. The two early genes E6 and E7 of HPV type 16 have been shown to immortalize breast epithelial cells in vitro, but the role of HPV infection in breast carcinogenesis is highly controversial. Present study has therefore been undertaken to analyze the prevalence of HPV infection in both breast cancer tissues and blood samples from a large number of Indian women with breast cancer from different geographic regions.


METHODS
The presence of all mucosal HPVs and the most common high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 DNA was detected by two different PCR methods - (i) conventional PCR assays using consensus primers (MY09/11, or GP5+/GP6+) or HPV16 E6/E7 primers and (ii) highly sensitive Real-Time PCR. A total of 228 biopsies and corresponding 142 blood samples collected prospectively from 252 patients from four different regions of India with significant socio-cultural, ethnic and demographic variations were tested.


RESULTS
All biopsies and blood samples of breast cancer patients tested by PCR methods did not show positivity for HPV DNA sequences in conventional PCRs either by MY09/11 or by GP5+/GP6+/HPV16 E6/E7 primers. Further testing of these samples by real time PCR also failed to detect HPV DNA sequences.


CONCLUSIONS
Lack of detection of HPV DNA either in the tumor or in the blood DNA of breast cancer patients by both conventional and real time PCR does not support a role of genital HPV in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in Indian women.
Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, Sector - 39, Noida - 201 301, India.
Suresh
S
Hedau
Umesh
U
Kumar
Showket
S
Hussain
Shirish
S
Shukla
Shailja
S
Pande
Neeraj
N
Jain
Abhishek
A
Tyagi
Trivikram
T
Deshpande
Dilafroze
D
Bhat
Mohammad Muzaffar
MM
Mir
Sekhar
S
Chakraborty
Y Mohan
YM
Singh
Rakesh
R
Kumar
Kumaravel
K
Somasundaram
Alok C
AC
Bharti
Bhudev C
BC
Das
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics*; D001706:Biopsy; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral
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