Sexual violence toward children and youth in war-torn eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
BACKGROUND
The epidemic of gender-based violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has garnered popular media attention, but is incompletely described in the medical literature to date. In particular, the relative importance of militarized compared to civilian rape and the impact on vulnerable populations merits further study. We describe a retrospective case series of sexual abuse among children and youth in eastern DRC.


METHODS
Medical records of patients treated for sexual assault at HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, DRC between 2006 and 2008 were reviewed. Information extracted from the chart record was summarized using descriptive statistics, with comparative statistics to examine differences between pediatric (≤ 18 yrs) and adult patients.


RESULTS
440 pediatric and 54 adult sexual abuse cases were identified. Children and youth were more often assaulted by someone known to the family (74% vs 30%, OR 6.7 [95%CI 3.6-12], p<0.001), and less frequently by military personnel (13% vs 48%, OR 0.14 [95%CI 0.075-0.26], p<0.001). Delayed presentation for medical care (>72 hours after the assault) was more common in pediatric patients (53% vs 33%, OR 2.2 [95%CI 1.2-4.0], p = 0.007). Physical signs of sexual abuse, including lesions of the posterior fourchette, hymeneal tears, and anal lesions, were more commonly observed in children and youth (84% vs 69%, OR 2.3 [95%CI 1.3-4.4], p = 0.006). Nine (2.9%) pediatrics patients were HIV-positive at presentation, compared to 5.3% of adults (p = 0.34).


CONCLUSIONS
World media attention has focused on violent rape as a weapon of war in the DRC. Our data highlight some neglected but important and distinct aspects of the ongoing epidemic of sexual violence: sexual abuse of children and youth.
HEAL Africa, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. exo40mluc@yahoo.fr
Luc
L
Malemo Kalisya
Paluku
P
Lussy Justin
Christophe
C
Kimona
Kavira
K
Nyavandu
Kamabu
K
Mukekulu Eugenie
Kasereka Muhindo Lusi
KM
Jonathan
Kasereka Masumbuko
KM
Claude
Michael
M
Hawkes
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008889:Military Personnel; D011902:Rape / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult
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