Coexistent autoimmunity in familial type 1 diabetes: increased susceptibility in sib-pairs?
BACKGROUND
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients are at risk for additional autoimmune diseases (AID).


OBJECTIVE
To compare the characteristics of associated autoimmunity among familial (parent-offspring and sib-pair) subgroups and sporadic T1D patients.


METHODS
Data regarding AID in T1D patients and their nuclear family members were extracted from medical files of 121 multiplex T1D families (58 parent-offspring, 63 sib-pairs) and 226 sporadic controls followed between 1979 and 2008.


RESULTS
The prevalence of associated autoimmunity was similar in familial and sporadic cases (33.6 vs. 32.7%). The frequency of additional AID and percentage of patients with two or more coexistent AID were significantly higher among sib-pairs than parent-offspring (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). The median time elapsed between diagnosis of T1D and occurrence of additional autoimmunity tended to be shorter in the sib-pairs. Only in familial cases did a positive autoimmune family background predict the development of coexistent autoimmunity (OR = 2.11, CI [1.0, 4.49] p = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Among sib-pairs with T1D, the higher prevalence of additional AID, the increased number of diseases per person, and the relatively earlier appearance of associated AID suggest an increased susceptibility for coexistent autoimmunity in this subgroup. Positive family history for autoimmunity in multiplex T1D families increased their risk for co-occurrence of AID.
The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel (SCMCI), Petach Tikva, Israel.
Yael
Y
Lebenthal
Michal
M
Yackobovitch-Gavan
Liat
L
de Vries
Moshe
M
Phillip
Liora
L
Lazar
D000293:Adolescent; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D035781:Siblings
D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human
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