CMR assessment of endothelial damage and angiogenesis in porcine coronary arteries using gadofosveset.
BACKGROUND
Endothelial damage and angiogenesis are essential for atherosclerotic plaque development and destabilization. We sought to examine whether contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) using gadofosveset could show endothelial damage and neovessel formation in balloon injured porcine coronary arteries.


RESULTS
Data were obtained from seven pigs that all underwent balloon injury of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to induce endothelial damage and angiogenesis. Between one - 12 days (average four) after balloon injury, in vivo and ex vivo T1-weighted coronary CMR was performed after intravenous injection of gadofosveset. Post contrast, CMR showed contrast enhancement of the coronary arteries with a selective and time-dependent average expansion of the injured LAD segment area of 45% (p = 0.04; CI95 = [15%-75%]), indicating local extravasation of gadofosveset. Vascular and perivascular extravasation of albumin (marker of endothelial leakiness) and gadofosveset was demonstrated with agreement between Evans blue staining and ex vivo CMR contrast enhancement (p = 0.026). Coronary MRI contrast enhancement and local microvessel density determined by microscopic examination correlated (ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Contrast enhanced coronary CMR with gadofosveset can detect experimentally induced endothelial damage and angiogenesis in the porcine coronary artery wall.
Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark. fjord@mr.au.dk
Steen F
SF
Pedersen
Samuel A
SA
Thrysøe
William P
WP
Paaske
Troels
T
Thim
Erling
E
Falk
Steffen
S
Ringgaard
Won Y
WY
Kim
D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D015588:Observer Variation; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium; C109932:gadofosveset trisodium
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