Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence factors and poplar tree response in the rhizosphere.
Whole-transcriptome analysis was used here for the first time in the rhizosphere to discern the genes involved in the pathogenic response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as well as to discern the response of the poplar tree. Differential gene expression shows that 185 genes of the bacterium and 753 genes of the poplar tree were induced in the rhizosphere. Using the P. aeruginosa transcriptome analysis, isogenic knockout mutants, and two novel plant assays (poplar and barley), seven novel PAO1 virulence genes were identified (PA1385, PA2146, PA2462, PA2463, PA2663, PA4150 and PA4295). The uncharacterized putative haemolysin repressor, PA2463, upon inactivation, resulted in greater poplar virulence and elevated haemolysis while this mutant remained competitive in the rhizosphere. In addition, disruption of the haemolysin gene itself (PA2462) reduced the haemolytic activity of P. aeruginosa, caused less cytotoxicity and reduced barley virulence, as expected. Inactivating PA1385, a putative glycosyl transferase, reduced both poplar and barley virulence. Furthermore, disrupting PA2663, a putative membrane protein, reduced biofilm formation by 20-fold. Inactivation of PA3476 (rhlI) increased virulence with barley as well as haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, so quorum sensing is important in plant pathogenesis. Hence, this strategy is capable of elucidating virulence genes for an important pathogen.
Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
Can
C
Attila
Akihiro
A
Ueda
Suat L G
SL
Cirillo
Jeffrey D
JD
Cirillo
Wilfred
W
Chen
Thomas K
TK
Wood
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D032107:Populus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D058441:Rhizosphere; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors
Water Res. 2007 Jan;41(2):487-91
17123569
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):7082-7
9192695
J Bacteriol. 1994 May;176(9):2619-26
8169210
Infect Immun. 1999 Nov;67(11):5854-62
10531240
Plant Mol Biol. 2004 May;55(3):417-31
15604690
J Bacteriol. 2004 Jul;186(14):4466-75
15231778
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jul;71(7):4022-34
16000817
Eur J Immunol. 1993 Dec;23(12):3217-23
8258336
Cell. 1996 Aug 9;86(3):423-33
8756724
J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36293-300
16115870
Mol Cell. 2000 Jun;5(6):1003-11
10911994
J Microbiol. 2005 Oct;43(5):443-50
16273037
J Bacteriol. 2002 Dec;184(23):6472-80
12426334
BMC Plant Biol. 2004 Aug 18;4:14
15317655
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 May;72(5):3429-34
16672487
J Bacteriol. 1995 May;177(10):2644-53
7751272
Vitam Horm. 2005;72:203-33
16492472
J Exp Bot. 2005 Jul;56(417):1729-39
15911554
Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;1(1):9-13
11207713
Genome Res. 2005 Apr;15(4):583-9
15805499
Environ Microbiol. 2007 Feb;9(2):332-46
17222132
J Bacteriol. 2006 Jan;188(1):305-16
16352847
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 1;97(16):8815-21
10922040
Mol Cell. 2005 Jan 21;17(2):171-80
15664187
Environ Microbiol. 1999 Oct;1(5):439-46
11207764
Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1899-902
7604262
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):2408-13
10051655
Toxicol In Vitro. 2007 Feb;21(1):25-31
17011159
Mol Microbiol. 1996 Dec;22(5):991-1003
8971719
Science. 1998 Apr 10;280(5361):295-8
9535661
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):112-8
9435067
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 25;100(24):14339-44
14617778
Plant Physiol. 2004 Jan;134(1):320-31
14701912
J Cell Biol. 1999 Nov 1;147(3):683-93
10545510
J Bacteriol. 2001 Dec;183(24):7126-34
11717271
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;81(1-4):373-83
12448736
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):16983-4
15572449
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2004 Sep;17(9):986-98
15384489
EMBO J. 2003 Aug 1;22(15):3803-15
12881415
J Bacteriol. 2001 Nov;183(21):6207-14
11591663
Tree Physiol. 2003 Apr;23(6):405-11
12642242
Mol Microbiol. 2003 Oct;50(1):205-17
14507375
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4673-8
11055909
J Bacteriol. 2007 Feb;189(3):950-7
17122336
Infect Immun. 2001 Jan;69(1):508-17
11119544
Plant Physiol. 1995 Dec;109(4):1345-51
8539294
Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1837, 1839
10206887
J Bacteriol. 2003 Apr;185(7):2080-95
12644477
Cell. 1994 Jun 17;77(6):817-27
8004671
Nature. 2000 Aug 31;406(6799):959-64
10984043
Gene. 1981 Jun-Jul;14(1-2):33-50
6266929
Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1374-7
2781284
Infect Immun. 2006 Jul;74(7):4237-45
16790798
Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1596-604
16973872
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7623-7
8755525
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2004 Jan-Feb;6(1):2-4
15095128
Genetics. 1996 Jun;143(2):973-82
8725243
Science. 1993 May 21;260(5111):1127-30
8493556
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2530-5
14983043
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 29;102(48):17454-9
16301542
Plant Cell. 2005 Aug;17(8):2204-16
16006581
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 25;94(24):13245-50
9371831
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):9969-73
1946465
J Environ Qual. 2002 Mar-Apr;31(2):627-33
11931455
J Bacteriol. 2003 Apr;185(7):2066-79
12644476
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3587-90
14970327
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Jan;387(2):469-79
17139483
Nature. 2001 Oct 25;413(6858):860-4
11677611
Plant Physiol. 2004 Jun;135(2):1113-28
15181213
Cell. 1999 Jan 8;96(1):47-56
9989496
J Bacteriol. 2004 Nov;186(21):7312-26
15489443
J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(5):2164-9
17158671
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 May;18(5):385-96
15915637
Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan 1;33(Database issue):D338-43
15608211
Cell Microbiol. 2005 Mar;7(3):315-24
15679835
Infect Immun. 2007 Apr;75(4):2063-6
17283108