Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects.
OBJECTIVE
The sweet-taste receptor (T1r2+T1r3) is expressed by enteroendocrine L-cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Application of sucralose (a non-calorific, non-metabolisable sweetener) to L-cells in vitro stimulates glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion, an effect that is inhibited with co-administration of a T1r2+T1r3 inhibitor. We conducted a randomised, single-blinded, crossover study in eight healthy subjects to investigate whether oral ingestion of sucralose could stimulate L-cell-derived GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) release in vivo.


METHODS
Fasted subjects were studied on 4 study days in random order. Subjects consumed 50 ml of either water, sucralose (0.083% w/v), a non-sweet, glucose-polymer matched for sweetness with sucralose addition (50% w/v maltodextrin+0.083% sucralose) or a modified sham-feeding protocol (MSF=oral stimulation) of sucralose (0.083% w/v). Appetite ratings and plasma GLP-1, PYY, insulin and glucose were measured at regular time points for 120 min. At 120 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was measured.


RESULTS
Sucralose ingestion did not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY. MSF of sucralose did not elicit a cephalic phase response for insulin or GLP-1. Maltodextrin ingestion significantly increased insulin and glucose compared with water (P<0.001). Appetite ratings and energy intake were similar for all groups.


CONCLUSIONS
At this dose, oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY concentrations and hence, does not reduce appetite in healthy subjects. Oral stimulation with sucralose had no effect on GLP-1, insulin or appetite.
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
H E
HE
Ford
V
V
Peters
N M
NM
Martin
M L
ML
Sleeth
M A
MA
Ghatei
G S
GS
Frost
S R
SR
Bloom
D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D019894:Peptide YY; D013395:Sucrose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C026285:trichlorosucrose