Experiences with mephedrone pre- and post-legislative controls: perceptions of safety and sources of supply.
BACKGROUND
Drug scenes within several countries have changed in recent years to incorporate a range of licit psychoactive products, collectively known as "legal highs." Hundreds of different legal high products have been described in the literature. Many of these products contain synthetic stimulants that allegedly "mirror" the effects of some illicit drugs. In 2009-2010, growing concern by the UK and Irish governments focused on mephedrone, a synthetic stimulant that had become embedded within several drug scenes in Britain and Ireland. In April 2010, mephedrone and related cathinone derivatives were banned under the UK's Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Setting aside "worse case scenarios" that have been portrayed by UK and Irish media, little is known about mephedrone use from the consumer's perspective. The purpose of this paper was to (1) explore respondents' experiences with mephedrone, (2) examine users' perceptions about the safety of mephedrone, and primarily to (3) examine sources of mephedrone supply during the pre- and post-ban periods.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 adults who had used mephedrone during 2009-2010. Data collection occurred in May and June 2010, following the ban on mephedrone. A total of 20/23 respondents had used mephedrone during the post-ban period, and the vast majority had prior experience with ecstasy or cocaine. Respondents' ages ranged from 19 to 51, approximately half of the sample were female and the majority (19 of 23) were employed in full- or part-time work.


RESULTS
Most respondents reported positive experiences with mephedrone, and for some, the substance emerged as a drug of choice. None of the respondents reported that the once-legal status of mephedrone implied that it was safe to use. Very few respondents reported purchasing mephedrone from street-based or on-line headshops during the pre-ban period, and these decisions were guided in part by respondents' attempts to avoid "drug user" identities. Most respondents purchased or obtained mephedrone from friends or dealers, and mephedrone was widely available during the 10-week period following the ban. Respondents reported a greater reliance on dealers and a change in mephedrone packaging following the criminalisation of mephedrone.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings are discussed in the context of what appears to be a rapidly changing mephedrone market. We discuss the possible implications of criminalising mephedrone, including the potential displacement effects and the development of an illicit market.
School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. k.mcelrath@qub.ac.uk
Karen
K
McElrath
Christina
C
O'Neill
D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003132:Commerce; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008875:Middle Aged; D009660:Northern Ireland; D010465:Perception; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D015198:Designer Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; C548233:mephedrone