Automated cuff pressure modulation: a novel device to reduce endotracheal tube injury.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether dynamically modulating endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure, by decreasing it during each ventilatory cycle instead of maintaining a constant level, would reduce the extent of intubation-related laryngotracheal injury.


METHODS
Single-blind, randomized controlled animal study using a previously validated live porcine model of accelerated intubation-related tracheal injury.


METHODS
Animal research facility.


METHODS
Ten piglets (weight, 16-20 kg each) were anesthetized and underwent intubation using a cuffed ETT.


METHODS
The animals were randomized into the following 2 groups: 5 pigs had a novel device to modulate their cuff pressure from 25 cm H₂O during inspiration to 7 cm H₂O during expiration, and 5 pigs had a constant cuff pressure of 25 cm H₂O. Both groups underwent ventilation under hypoxic conditions for 4 hours.


METHODS
Laryngotracheal mucosal injury after blinded histopathological assessment.


RESULTS
The modulated-pressure group showed significantly less overall laryngotracheal damage than the constant-pressure group (mean grades, 1.2 vs 2.1; P < .001). Subglottic damage and tracheal damage were significantly less severe in the modulated-pressure group (mean grades, 1.0 vs 2.2; P < .001, and 1.9 vs 3.2; P < .001, respectively). There was no significant difference in glottic or supraglottic damage between the groups (P = .06 and .27, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
This novel device reduces the risk of subglottic and tracheal injury by modulating ETT cuff pressure in synchronization with the ventilatory cycle. This finding could have far-reaching implications for reducing the risk of airway injury in patients undergoing long-term intubation. Further clinical study of this device is warranted.
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. nchadha@cw.bc.ca
Neil K
NK
Chadha
Arie
A
Gordin
Igor
I
Luginbuehl
Greg
G
Patterson
Paolo
P
Campisi
Glenn
G
Taylor
Vito
V
Forte
D000818:Animals; D001331:Automation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011312:Pressure; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control