Interactions between various microbes and ginseng botanicals.
Three kinds of interactions occur between ginseng botanicals and microorganisms: a) spoilage of the botanical by various fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Eurotium species) and bacteria; b) transformation of ginsenosides into more bioactive forms by bacteria such as Intrasporangium sp. GS603, Microbacterium sp. GS514, Caulobacter leidyia, Bifidobacterium sp. Int57, Bifidobacterium sp. SJ32, Fusobacterium sp. and Bacteroides sp., and moulds (e.g., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sacchari, Paecilomyces bainier sp. 229, Rhizopus stolonifer, Myrothecium verrucaria and Acremonium strictum); and c) inhibition of certain bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum) and viruses by ginseng constituents.
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA. valerie.tournas@fda.hhs.gov
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Kohn
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Katsoudas
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts