Sublingual mucosa: A new vaccination route for systemic and mucosal immunity.
Needle-free vaccine delivery has become a global priority, both to eliminate the risk of improper and unsafe needle use and to simplify vaccination procedures. In pursuit of greater ease of vaccination, a number of needle-free delivery routes have been explored, with mucosal routes being perhaps the most prominent. Since the vaccine administration route significantly affects immune responses, numerous researchers are attempting to develop alternative vaccine delivery methods including a mucosal route. My group's recent studies demonstrate the potential of the sublingual (s.l.) route for delivering vaccines capable of inducing mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. Sublingual administration conferred effective protection against a lethal challenge with influenza virus (H1N1) or genital papillomavirus. Moreover, CCR7-CCL19/CCL21-regulated dendritic cells are responsible for activation of T and B cells following s.l. administration. This review highlights current knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of s.l. vaccination and describes how s.l. vaccination can induce both systemic and mucosal immunity.
Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. mnkweon@ivi.int
Mi-Na
MN
Kweon
D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D054415:Chemokine CCL19 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D054400:Receptors, CCR7 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D014612:Vaccines
C515460:CCL19 protein, human; C515370:CCR7 protein, human; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D014612:Vaccines