Surface phosphorylation for polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and its sulfonated derivative: surface analysis, blood compatibility and adipose derived stem cell contact properties.
Many studies have tried to look for the application of chitosan in tissue engineering since its structure is similar to glycoaminoglycans, the main components of the extracellular matrix. Previous studies had indicated that the incorporation of sulfonic or phosphonic functionalities  would be beneficial to the growth of certain cells. However, no study has explored the effect of incorporation of both above-mentioned anionic functionalities onto the chitosan structure. In this study, we have surface-phosphorylated the polyelectrolyte film formed by chitosan and water-soluble  sulfonated chitosan with the aim to incorporate phosphonic and sulfonic functionalities onto the film surface. Surface analyses by ESCA and ATR-FT-IR have shown that these two functional groups have been successfully grafted onto the surface, and that the ratio of P/S was dependent upon  the weight ratio of phosphorylation agents added. Blood compatibility evaluation indicated that phosphorylated polyelectrolyte complexes extended the plasma recalcification time as compared to non-treated chitosan and direct-phosphorylated chitosan film. In addition, these phosphorylated polyelectrolyte  complexes showed similar or slightly less platelet reactivity than the non-phosphorylated counterpart. In contrast, significant platelet activation and adhesion were noted on the direct-phosphorylated chitosan. This implicated the incorporation of sulfonic acid onto the phosphorylated surface  can increase the platelet compatibility. An adipose-derived stem cell incubation study has demonstrated that the incorporation of both phosphonic and sulfonic acid functionalities onto the chitosan surface can enhance the stem cell growth. Therefore, the phosphorylated polyelectrolyte complexes  were not only blood compatible but also stem cell compatible, and could be a novel biomaterial in tissue-engineering applications.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
Hsi-Yi
HY
Yeh
Jui-Che
JC
Lin
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004573:Electrolytes; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014867:Water; D048271:Chitosan