Soluble CD36- a marker of the (pathophysiological) role of CD36 in the metabolic syndrome?
CD36 is a class B scavenger receptor observed in many cell types and tissues throughout the body. Recent literature has implicated CD36 in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysregulation such as found in obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Genetic variation at the CD36 loci have been associated with obesity and lipid components of the metabolic syndrome, with risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Recently, non-cell bound CD36 was identified in human plasma and was termed soluble CD36 (sCD36). In this review we will describe the functions of CD36 in tissues and address the role of sCD36 in the context of the metabolic syndrome. We will also highlight recent findings from human genetic studies looking at the CD36 locus in relation to metabolic profile in the general population. Finally, we present a model in which insulin resistance, oxLDL, low-grade inflammation and liver steatosis may contribute to elevated levels of sCD36.
Molecular Genetics, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
Debby P Y
DP
Koonen
Majken K
MK
Jensen
Aase
A
Handberg
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D012995:Solubility
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein