Dopamine-based reward circuitry responsivity, genetics, and overeating.
Data suggest that low levels of dopamine D2 receptors and attenuated responsivity of dopamine-target regions to food intake is associated with increased eating and elevated weight. There is also growing (although mixed) evidence that genotypes that appear to lead to reduced dopamine signaling (e.g., DRD2, DRD4, and DAT) and certain appetite-related hormones and peptides (e.g., ghrelin, orexin A, leptin) moderate the relation between dopamine signaling, overeating, and obesity. This chapter reviews findings from studies that have investigated the relation between dopamine functioning and food intake and how certain genotypes and appetite-related hormones and peptides affect this relation.
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA. estice@ori.org
Eric
E
Stice
Sonja
S
Yokum
David
D
Zald
Alain
A
Dagher
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012201:Reward
C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D054439:Ghrelin; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D004298:Dopamine