Presence of p24-antigen associated to erythrocyte in HIV-positive individuals even in patients with undetectable plasma viral load.
BACKGROUND
HIV adherence to erythrocytes has been demonstrated in vitro, and it has been suggested that erythrocytes may be carriers of the virus. However, the association between HIV particles or viral proteins and erythrocytes in HIV-infected individuals is still to be elucidated.


RESULTS
HIV-positive participants (n =112) were classified into two groups according to values of three plasma viral loads (pVL) determined during the 12-month period prior to the study. The first group included 71 individuals with detectable pVL, whereas the second group included 41 individuals with undetectable pVL. Plasma viral load, erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen and p24-antigen in plasma were determined at the moment of the study. A total of 51 out of the 71 patients with detectable pVL showed erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen whereas 13 showed p24-antigen in plasma. Twenty-two out of the 51 patients with erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen showed pVL<10,000 copies/ml and undetectable p24-antigen in plasma. The data indicates that the amount of erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen was not related to p24-antigen in plasma or pVL levels in this group. Among the 41 patients with prior undetectable pVL, eight presented detectable pVL and erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen at the moment of the study. The other 33 showed undetectable pVL and five of these presented erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen. A positive relationship was found between the presence of erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen and the detectable pVL at the moment of the study (p<0.00001). Even more, in another series of assays, a detectable viral load associated to erythrocytes was determined and it was always accompanied by erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen detection.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the presence of erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen in HIV-infected individuals. Since erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen is not always related to pVL or p24-antigen in plasma, erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen showed viral expression not represented in plasma. Therefore, the determination of erythrocyte-associated p24-antigen may contribute to better understand the kinetics and/or evolution of HIV infection.
Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, National Reference Center for AIDS, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mgarcia@fmed.uba.ar
Maria Noé
MN
Garcia
Maria Sol
MS
dos Ramos Farias
Maria Mercedes
MM
Avila
Roberto Daniel
RD
Rabinovich
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000821:virology*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D019562:Viral Load
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24
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