Articular cartilage in the knee: current MR imaging techniques and applications in clinical practice and research.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most important imaging modality for the evaluation of traumatic or degenerative cartilaginous lesions in the knee. It is a powerful noninvasive tool for detecting such lesions and monitoring the effects of pharmacologic and surgical therapy. The specific MR imaging techniques used for these purposes can be divided into two broad categories according to their usefulness for morphologic or compositional evaluation. To assess the structure of knee cartilage, standard spin-echo (SE) and gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences, fast SE sequences, and three-dimensional SE and GRE sequences are available. These techniques allow the detection of morphologic defects in the articular cartilage of the knee and are commonly used in research for semiquantitative and quantitative assessments of cartilage. To evaluate the collagen network and proteoglycan content in the knee cartilage matrix, compositional assessment techniques such as T2 mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage (or dGEMRIC), T1ρ imaging, sodium imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging are available. These techniques may be used in various combinations and at various magnetic field strengths in clinical and research settings to improve the characterization of changes in cartilage.
Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Imaging Core Laboratory, 820 Harrison Ave, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA. michelcrema@gmail.com
Michel D
MD
Crema
Frank W
FW
Roemer
Monica D
MD
Marra
Deborah
D
Burstein
Garry E
GE
Gold
Felix
F
Eckstein
Thomas
T
Baum
Timothy J
TJ
Mosher
John A
JA
Carrino
Ali
A
Guermazi
D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
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