Cyst fluid interleukin-1beta (IL1beta) levels predict the risk of carcinoma in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.
OBJECTIVE
Biomarkers for high-grade dysplasia in patients with radiographically identified intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) have not been described. We hypothesized that dysplasia in IPMN invokes an immunogenic/proinflammatory microenvironment that can be identified by cyst fluid cytokine levels.


METHODS
Pancreatic cyst fluid aspirates were collected at resection (2005-2009). Samples were grouped into low-risk [low-grade (n = 6) or moderate dysplasia (n = 15)] and high-risk groups [high-grade dysplasia (n = 13) or carcinoma (n = 6)]. Cytokine expression was determined using a multiplex sandwich immunoassay. Differences in cytokine expression were evaluated using the 2-sample t test. Sample classification was performed using a logistic regression adjusting for sample covariates.


RESULTS
IL5 and IL8 concentrations were higher in the cyst fluid from patients in the high-risk group than the low-risk group. Interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations were also higher in the cyst fluid from patients with high-grade dysplasia or cancer (n = 19) than those with low- or moderate-grade dysplasia (n = 21, 539 ± 255 pg/mL vs. 0.2 ± 0.1 pg/mL; P < 0.0001). IL1β remained a significant predictor of high-risk cysts after multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference in levels of IL2, IL4, IL10, IL12, IL13, TNF-α, or IFN-γ between the groups. That IL1β levels identified cysts at a high risk of malignancy was confirmed in an independent validation set.


CONCLUSIONS
Cyst fluid levels of IL1β can differentiate low- from high-risk IPMN. This study introduces IL1β as a potential biomarker for validation in larger clinical studies.
Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. amaker@uic.edu
Ajay V
AV
Maker
Nora
N
Katabi
Li-Xuan
LX
Qin
David S
DS
Klimstra
Mark
M
Schattner
Murray F
MF
Brennan
William R
WR
Jarnagin
Peter J
PJ
Allen
D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism*; D020420:Cyst Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012372:ROC Curve
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016209:Interleukin-8
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