Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae clinically isolated in Surabaya, Indonesia.
The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 6 clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Surabaya, Indonesia in 2009 were examined. The DNA fingerprints obtained suggested that these isolates were not from a single clone. Furthermore, all isolates produced cholera toxin and possessed the classical type of toxin B subunit gene, thus meaning that this is the first report of the occurrence of El Tor variants of V. cholerae in Indonesia. Although all isolates were sensitive to almost all antibiotics tested, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, and had no mutation in the gyrA and parC genes, they nevertheless possessed the class 1 integron that is a molecular vehicle for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes, suggesting that they have the potential to acquire the genetic element for drug resistance.
Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Tomoyuki
T
Nishibori
Garry Cores
GC
de Vries
Dadik
D
Rahardjo
Eddy Bagus
EB
Wasito
Ismoedijanto
I
De
Shouhiro
S
Kinoshita
Yoshitake
Y
Hayashi
Hak
H
Hotta
Masato
M
Kawabata
Toshiro
T
Shirakawa
Yoshio
Y
Iijima
Ro
R
Osawa
D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D002772:Cholera Toxin