Multi-modal proteomic analysis of retinal protein expression alterations in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy.
BACKGROUND
As a leading cause of adult blindness, diabetic retinopathy is a prevalent and profound complication of diabetes. We have previously reported duration-dependent changes in retinal vascular permeability, apoptosis, and mRNA expression with diabetes in a rat model system. The aim of this study was to identify retinal proteomic alterations associated with functional dysregulation of the diabetic retina to better understand diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and that could be used as surrogate endpoints in preclinical drug testing studies.


RESULTS
A multi-modal proteomic approach of antibody (Luminex)-, electrophoresis (DIGE)-, and LC-MS (iTRAQ)-based quantitation methods was used to maximize coverage of the retinal proteome. Transcriptomic profiling through microarray analysis was included to identify additional targets and assess potential regulation of protein expression changes at the mRNA level. The proteomic approaches proved complementary, with limited overlap in proteomic coverage. Alterations in pro-inflammatory, signaling and crystallin family proteins were confirmed by orthogonal methods in multiple independent animal cohorts. In an independent experiment, insulin replacement therapy normalized the expression of some proteins (Dbi, Anxa5) while other proteins (Cp, Cryba3, Lgals3, Stat3) were only partially normalized and Fgf2 and Crybb2 expression remained elevated.


CONCLUSIONS
These results expand the understanding of the changes in retinal protein expression occurring with diabetes and their responsiveness to normalization of blood glucose through insulin therapy. These proteins, especially those not normalized by insulin therapy, may also be useful in preclinical drug development studies.
Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Heather D
HD
VanGuilder
Georgina V
GV
Bixler
Lydia
L
Kutzler
Robert M
RM
Brucklacher
Sarah K
SK
Bronson
Scot R
SR
Kimball
Willard M
WM
Freeman
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D001786:Blood Glucose; D005136:Eye Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger
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