Sexual orientation, handedness, sex ratio and fetomaternal tolerance-rejection.
Fraternal birth order (FBO) appears as a prenatal cause of 15% of homosexual males (gays) through mnemonic maternal anti-male factors. Non-right-handed men seem to be protected from homosexuality. Four hypotheses are proposed: (1) androgenic factors of non-right-handedness neutralize anti-male factors; (2) non-right-handedness and homosexuality are lethal or produce mental impairment; (3) non-right-handed male embryos are insensitive to anti-male factors; (4) mothers of non-right-handed fetuses do not produce anti-male factors. Studies of the sex ratio (SR) of older and younger siblings show: (1) a significant heterogeneity in the SR of siblings of right or non-right handed heterosexual men and women; (2) lesbians are born among siblings with high SR; (3) siblings of right-handed gays show a higher SR than non-right-handed gays that present a low SR. Based on our discovery of maternal tolerance-rejection processes, associated with genetic systems (ABO, Rh), where zygotes or embryos different from their mother induce better pregnancy and maternal tolerance than do those that share antigens with their mothers, I propose a new explanation for sexual relationships, sexual orientation, handedness and sibling SR. Lesbian embryos could induce tolerance from mothers with anti-female factors. Non-right-handedness could induce maternal tolerance, or change the maternal compatibility of "gay" embryos. Alternatively, gay embryos could be poor inducers of maternal tolerance towards male traits.
Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile. cvalenzu@med.uchile.cl
Carlos Y
CY
Valenzuela
D001722:Birth Order; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012725:Sexual Behavior