Ritonavir-induced acute kidney injury: kidney biopsy findings and review of literature.
Ritonavir therapy is not generally considered nephrotoxic. We report a case of acute kidney injury secondary to ritonavir, with kidney biopsy demonstrating extensive acute tubular injury. This is the first report of a kidney biopsy and pathology in acute kidney injury associated with ritonavir. A review of published medical literature on the topic is also presented.
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224-2780, USA. tshafi@jhmi.edu
T
T
Shafi
M J
MJ
Choi
L C
LC
Racusen
L A
LA
Spacek
C
C
Berry
M
M
Atta
D M
DM
Fine
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D057915:Drug Substitution; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine; D019438:Ritonavir
JAMA. 2008 Aug 6;300(5):555-70
18677028
Am J Med. 1998 Nov;105(5):457
9831435
Clin Infect Dis. 1999 May;28(5):1180-1
10452668
Mol Pharmacol. 1999 Aug;56(2):383-9
10419558
Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 15;42(2):283-90
16355343
Lancet. 1996 Sep 7;348(9028):693
8782789
Autoimmunity. 1994;18(3):205-11
7858105
AIDS. 1997 May;11(6):836-8
9143629
Lancet. 1997 Jun 14;349(9067):1745-6
9193391
N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 9;336(2):138
8992345
Clin Nephrol. 2009 Jul;72(1):38-45
19640386
Am J Kidney Dis. 1995 Feb;25(2):228-34
7847349