Effect of volitional relaxation and motor imagery on F wave and MEP: do these tasks affect excitability of the spinal or cortical motor neurons?
OBJECTIVE
To test if simple motor imagery, like thumb abduction, preferentially influences the excitability of the spinal or cortical motoneurons.


METHODS
Ten healthy subjects underwent two separate experiments, each consisting of recording F waves and MEPs from abductor pollicis brevis (APB) in three consecutive sessions: (1) baseline, (2) after immobilizing APB for 3 h, and (3) after brief muscle exercise. During the immobilization, the subjects were instructed to volitionally relax APB in experiment 1 (relaxation task), and mentally simulate thumb abduction without actual movement in experiment 2 (imagery task).


RESULTS
Relaxation task suppressed both MEPs and F waves. Motor imagery reduced this suppression, restoring F waves nearly completely (94%) and MEPs only partially (77%). Hence, the rest-induced decline of MEPs in part results from cortical modulation. In contrast, statistical analysis revealed no differences in imagery-induced recovery of motoneuron excitabilities whether assessed by F wave or MEP. Thus, increased excitability of spinal motoneurons responsible for F-wave changes also accounts for recovery of MEPs.


CONCLUSIONS
Volitional relaxation depresses the spinal and cortical motoneurons, whereas mental simulation counters rest-induced suppression primarily by restoring spinal excitability.


CONCLUSIONS
The present findings help elucidate physiologic mechanisms underlying motor imagery.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu Oko-cho, Nankoku-shi, Kochi 783-8505, Japan. reif565@yahoo.co.jp
R
R
Fujisawa
J
J
Kimura
S
S
Taniguchi
H
H
Ichikawa
M
M
Hara
H
H
Shimizu
H
H
Iida
T
T
Yamada
T
T
Tani
D000328:Adult; D000870:Anterior Horn Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013933:Thumb / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology