Failure of interior residual sprays as protection against mosquitoes in military-issued two-man tents.
Most studies on interior (or indoor) residual spraying (IRS) have been targeted on permanent/semipermanent structures. We measured the utility of a portable field bioassay, which can be set up quickly to determine the best chemical repellent or irritant for use as an IRS during an emergency or military situation when displaced persons are temporarily housed in tents. If the bioassay were used over an extended period of time, it would also offer a unique way to monitor vector susceptibility and would be able to determine which chemical is most efficient in individual populations. In total, 2193 mosquitoes belonging to seven species in five genera were collected over the study period. No statistical differences were found between any of the treatments, control, and standard tents utilizing the 4 x 4 Latin square design. Therefore, we conclude that IRS with these tested chemicals in military-issued two-person tents are not effective or significant at stopping mosquito entrance. Further studies on implementation of a portable, field bioassay should include utilizing different mosquito traps in the bioassay and looking at the difference between contact irritants and spatial repellents in different-sized tents, as spatial repellency may be more important in smaller-sized tents.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20851, USA.
Meredith G
MG
Morrow
Richard N
RN
Johnson
Jorge
J
Polanco
David M
DM
Claborn
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D009033:Culicidae; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008887:Military Medicine; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D026023:Permethrin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014481:United States
D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D026023:Permethrin; C052570:cyfluthrin; C037304:cyhalothrin