Birth prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the San Francisco Bay area by demographic and ascertainment source characteristics.
Using standardized methods for multi-source surveillance, we calculated the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children born in a racially diverse region in 1994 or 1996 as 4.7/1000 live births. Children with ASD before age 9 were identified through chart abstraction at health-related sources; three-quarters were being served by the state-wide Department of Developmental Services. In adjusted models, we found a male:female ratio of 6:1, a doubling of ASD prevalence among children of older mothers (40+), and lower prevalence with lower paternal education. Children of Black or Hispanic mothers had lower prevalence than those of White, non-Hispanic mothers, but these differences were attenuated after adjustment. Prevalence in children of Asian mothers was similar to Whites. Potential under-counting is discussed.
Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA. gayle.windham@cdph.ca.gov
Gayle C
GC
Windham
Meredith C
MC
Anderson
Lisa A
LA
Croen
Karen S
KS
Smith
John
J
Collins
Judith K
JK
Grether
D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology
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