The characteristics of inguinal hernia recurrence in the modern era and the long-term outcomes after re-operation.
BACKGROUND
Re-operative hernia surgery has become more technically challenging due to the use of mesh. In addition, there has been a paucity of clinical studies. A common recommendation has been to avoid the previous site and to use a different approach.


METHODS
In this study of 218 patients, the anatomical characteristics of inguinal hernia recurrences were studied in relation to the previous technique of repair, including Mesh (n = 100), Laparoscopic (n = 61) and Shouldice (n = 57).


RESULTS
The most common site of recurrence was direct (58.5%) in all three groups. Femoral recurrences were significantly lower in the Laparoscopic group. Indirect and multiple recurrences were significantly lower in the Shouldice group. The operative time in the Mesh group was significantly longer due to the dissection required of the previous mesh. A pro-peritoneal mesh repair was performed for the re-operation in 13.8%, while a Shouldice repair was performed in the others. The overall follow-up rate was 75.2% for a mean of 4.8 years. The re-recurrence rate was 1.8%.


CONCLUSIONS
The distinct patterns of recurrence reflect the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different techniques of repair and present the anatomical and technical basis for future improvements. A safe and durable repair of an inguinal hernia recurrence can be achieved through an anterior trans-inguinal approach.
Université de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.
G
G
Chan
C-K
CK
Chan
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
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