Ivabradine: recent and potential applications in clinical practice.
BACKGROUND
published data indicate that heart rate is an independent strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in men and women of all ages, with and without cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, ventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular dysfunction. Ivabradine is a pure heart-rate-lowering agent with well-documented antianginal and anti-ischemic properties comparable to well-established anti-anginal agents.


METHODS
this short review explores recent results with ivabradine, a new medication that lowers heart rate by selectively inhibiting the I (f) current. This review also describes future potential applications.


CONCLUSIONS
measurement of heart rate represents an important component of the assessment of patients with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure, and should be viewed in the same light as other risk factors, because a high heart rate has direct detrimental effects not only on myocardial ischemia but also on the progression of atherosclerosis, ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular function. Ivabradine has anti-ischemic and antianginal efficacy equivalent to that of β-blockers and calcium channel antagonists in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris. Recently ivabradine has been shown to improve cardiac outcomes in stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients who have heart rates of ≥ 70 bpm and in patients with stable angina.
Intensive Cardiology Care Unit, San Camillo De Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia (FG), Italia. griccioni@hotmail.com
Graziano
G
Riccioni
D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D000077550:Ivabradine; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
D001552:Benzazepines; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D000077550:Ivabradine