Amelioration of experimental colitis by a novel nanoselenium-silymarin mixture.
BACKGROUND
Silymarin has intracellular antioxidant property and inhibits activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in low concentrations and reduces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 levels, cyclooxygenase (COX), and angiogenesis. Selenium is one of the necessary trace element nutrients for human and animals. Selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) have more bioavailability with less toxicity.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the combination effect of silymarin and nano-Se on inhibition of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the experimental colitis.


METHODS
Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis. After TNBS instillation, rats were distributed into six groups, containing silymarin and nano-Se alone or in combination, dexamethasone, negative control with no treatment and the last one was normal sham rats. All drugs were administered for 7 days. Colon samples were scored macroscopically and microscopically. The levels of activated NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC), and the antioxidant power of the colon homogenates were determined.


RESULTS
A significant decrease in NF-κB activity in treated groups was observed. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, lipid peroxidation, and PC were reduced and an improvement in antioxidant power of treated groups was seen. Combination of silymarin and nano-Se were more effective than each one alone in improvement of NF-κB, TNF-α, antioxidant power, and lipid peroxidation values, although this difference was not significant in other factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Co-administration of silymarin and nano-Se with a good antioxidant profile and inhibition of NF-κB is a possible candidate for better management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
Amir Ebrahim
AE
Miroliaee
Hadi
H
Esmaily
Amanollah
A
Vaziri-Bami
Maryam
M
Baeeri
Ahmad Reza
AR
Shahverdi
Mohammad
M
Abdollahi
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012838:Silymarin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; D012643:Selenium