Novel core promoter elements and a cognate transcription factor in the divergent unicellular eukaryote Trichomonas vaginalis.
A highly conserved DNA initiator (Inr) element has been the only core promoter element described in the divergent unicellular eukaryote Trichomonas vaginalis, although genome analyses reveal that only ∼75% of protein-coding genes appear to contain an Inr. In search of another core promoter element(s), a nonredundant database containing 5' untranslated regions of expressed T. vaginalis genes was searched for overrepresented DNA motifs and known eukaryotic core promoter elements. In addition to identifying the Inr, two elements that lack sequence similarity to the known protein-coding gene core promoter, motif 3 (M3) and motif 5 (M5), were identified. Mutational and functional analyses demonstrate that both are novel core promoter elements. M3 [(A/G/T)(A/G)C(G/C)G(T/C)T(T/A/G)] resembles a Myb recognition element (MRE) and is bound specifically by a unique protein with a Myb-like DNA binding domain. The M5 element (CCTTT) overlaps the transcription start site and replaces the Inr as an alternative, gene-specific initiator element. Transcription specifically initiates at the second cytosine within M5, in contrast to characteristic initiation by RNA polymerase II at an adenosine. In promoters that combine M3 with either M5 or Inr, transcription initiation is regulated by the M3 motif.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1489, USA.
Alias J
AJ
Smith
Lorissa
L
Chudnovsky
Augusto
A
Simoes-Barbosa
Maria G
MG
Delgadillo-Correa
Zophonias O
ZO
Jonsson
James A
JA
Wohlschlegel
Patricia J
PJ
Johnson
D000465:Algorithms; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000378:metabolism; D017125:Genes, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020506:Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics
D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020506:Untranslated Regions
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