Community reinforcement approach plus vouchers among cocaine-dependent outpatients: twelve-month outcomes.
The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) plus vouchers treatment in a cohort of Spanish cocaine-dependent outpatients, and to examine the maintenance of treatment effects after the voucher intervention was discontinued. Sixty-four adult outpatients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions, CRA plus vouchers or standard care. The vouchers program was implemented from weeks 1 to 24. Among patients assigned to the CRA plus vouchers condition, 65.5% completed 12 months of treatment versus 28.6% of those assigned to the standard care condition (p = .003). At the 12-month assessment, 58.6% of patients assigned to the CRA plus vouchers condition were abstinent, compared with 25.7% in the standard care condition (p = .008); furthermore, 34.5% of patients assigned to the CRA plus vouchers condition achieved twelve months of continuous cocaine abstinence, versus 17.1% in the standard care condition. Those treated in the CRA plus vouchers condition also achieved greater improvements in psychosocial functioning than those treated in the standard care condition. Overall, these results reveal an extension of the effectiveness of the CRA plus vouchers treatment to a community sample of cocaine-dependent outpatients, while also supporting the maintenance of treatment effects for 6 months after completion of the voucher program.
Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Spain. secades@uniovi.es
Roberto
R
Secades-Villa
Olaya
O
García-Rodríguez
Gloria
G
García-Fernández
Emilio
E
Sánchez-Hervás
José R
JR
Fernandez-Hermida
Stephen T
ST
Higgins
D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000652:urine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013030:Spain; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014040:Token Economy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D003042:Cocaine