Vulnerability of the fetal primate brain to moderate reduction in maternal global nutrient availability.
Moderate maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy occurs in both developing and developed countries. In addition to poverty, maternal dieting, teenage pregnancy, and uterine vascular problems in older mothers are causes of decreased fetal nutrition. We evaluated the impact of global 30% maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) on early fetal baboon brain maturation. MNR induced major cerebral developmental disturbances without fetal growth restriction or marked maternal weight reduction. Mechanisms evaluated included neurotrophic factor suppression, cell proliferation and cell death imbalance, impaired glial maturation and neuronal process formation, down-regulation of gene ontological pathways and related gene products, and up-regulated transcription of cerebral catabolism. Contrary to the known benefits from this degree of dietary reduction on life span, MNR in pregnancy compromises structural fetal cerebral development, potentially having an impact on brain function throughout life.
Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
Iwa
I
Antonow-Schlorke
Matthias
M
Schwab
Laura A
LA
Cox
Cun
C
Li
Kristina
K
Stuchlik
Otto W
OW
Witte
Peter W
PW
Nathanielsz
Thomas J
TJ
McDonald
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000196:embryology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D010215:Papio / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
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