Interactions of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.
The immune system can be divided into the innate and adaptive arms. Historically, most of the research into the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and other types of chronic arthritis focused on the adaptive immune system. Recently, the pendulum has shifted, and much current work in SpA focuses on innate immunity. Herein, I summarise evidence demonstrating that both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of SpA, propose a mechanism in which both arms interact to maintain chronic arthritis, and discuss potential research directions.
Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA. matthew.stoll@utsouthwestern.edu
M L
ML
Stoll
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*
Tissue Antigens. 2002 Oct;60(4):299-308
12472659
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Dec;40(12):1359-64
11752505
Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 May;64(5):722-9
15539415
Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 May;62(5):455-9
12695160
Nat Immunol. 2009 May;10(5):471-9
19349988
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;649:71-84
19731621
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9150-4
3480535
J Rheumatol. 2004 Feb;31(2):390-2
14760812
Hum Immunol. 2006 Oct;67(10):826-32
17055360
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Apr;49(4):621-31
20083539
Prion. 2009 Jan-Mar;3(1):15-26
19363299
J Intern Med. 2007 Jun;261(6):511-28
17547708
Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2478-81
17665431
J Rheumatol. 2007 Feb;34(2):368-70
17143969
J Rheumatol. 2007 May;34(5):1040-50
17444593
Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Feb;62(2):420-9
20112406
Nat Genet. 2010 Feb;42(2):123-7
20062062
Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 Feb;123(2):315-22
11207664
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Jul;6(7):399-405
20517295
Cancer Res. 2007 May 1;67(9):3989-93
17483307
Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jul;60(7):1977-84
19565478
J Clin Invest. 1996 Feb 1;97(3):621-32
8609216
Medicine (Baltimore). 1976 Sep;55(5):401-12
957999
J Immunol. 2004 Feb 1;172(3):1935-44
14734779
J Rheumatol. 2007 Feb;34(2):374-9
17183618
J Clin Invest. 2008 Jun;118(6):2269-80
18497880
Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Apr;69(4):733-6
19433412
Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jun;54(6):1795-804
16729282
Dig Liver Dis. 2004 Jul;36(7):467-70
15285526
Br J Rheumatol. 1988;27 Suppl 2:95-105
3042080
Ann Rheum Dis. 1980 Dec;39(6):545-9
7458430
Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Oct;48(10):2903-15
14558097
J Immunol. 1999 Mar 1;162(5):3053-62
10072558
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1997 Sep-Oct;15(5):475-9
9307853
Medicine (Baltimore). 1959 Sep;38:243-62
13846113
J Immunol. 2001 Feb 15;166(4):2878-86
11160357
J Rheumatol. 1998 Apr;25(4):743-7
9558179
J Rheumatol. 2004 May;31(5):920-4
15124251
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 Jul-Aug;27(4 Suppl 55):S10-4
19822039
Arthritis Res. 2001;3(3):189-95
11299060
Rheumatol Int. 2011 Feb;31(2):191-5
20012053
Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):603-6
11385577
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan;1183:211-21
20146717
Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jul;54(7):2321-5
16918024
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;649:57-70
19731620
Cell. 2010 Mar 19;140(6):845-58
20303875
Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun;69(6):949-54
20444753
J Rheumatol. 2004 Oct;31(10):1962-72
15468361
Ann Rheum Dis. 1982 Dec;41(6):579-86
6756321
Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Jun;41(6):1054-63
9627015
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Dec;41(12):1395-401
12468819
Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Oct;38(2):83-100
18166219
Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Feb;58(2):401-12
18240209
Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jun;48(6):1667-75
12794835
Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1992 Feb;18(1):11-21
1561398
J Rheumatol. 2010 Sep;37(9):1907-10
20595269
Digestion. 2004;70(1):49-54
15308872
N Engl J Med. 1973 Apr 5;288(14):704-6
4688372
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;22(2):126-32
20084006
Mol Med. 1997 Apr;3(4):260-72
9131588
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006 Aug;8(4):275-82
16839506
Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Oct;75(4):587-95
15309690
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):1839-43
19687225
Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Dec 15;61(12):1762-4
19950316
J Immunol. 2004 Oct 15;173(8):4859-66
15470026
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007 Jul;23(4):365-9
17545770
Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Sep 15;59(9):1270-8
18759257
Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr;60(4):955-65
19333939
Nat Genet. 2008 Aug;40(8):955-62
18587394
Eur J Immunol. 2006 Nov;36(11):2939-50
17048271
Arthritis Rheum. 1987 Mar;30(3):306-18
3566822
Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):599-603
11385576
Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Apr;22(4):429-37
16838143
J Rheumatol. 2003 Jan;30(1):105-13
12508398
Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Jul;3(7):382-90
17599072
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 Sep-Oct;27(5):800-6
19917163
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Jul;48(7):748-54
19454607
Lancet. 1973 Apr 28;1(7809):904-7
4123836
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;649:263-76
19731636
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan;40(1):15-23
11157137
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):1883-97
19652016
J Exp Med. 1990 May 1;171(5):1635-47
2185331
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 Jul-Aug;27(4 Suppl 55):S15-9
19822040
Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jul;48(7):2011-8
12847695
Scand J Rheumatol. 1991;20(3):153-8
2068536
CA Cancer J Clin. 1976 Mar-Apr;26(2):119-21
816431
Rheumatol Int. 1997;16(5):187-9
9032817
J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37573-81
12122005
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec;42(12):1440-4
17852860
J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;24(1):109-14
9002020
Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Mar;64 Suppl 2:ii58-60
15708939
Immunol Today. 1990 Apr;11(4):137-42
2187471
PLoS Genet. 2009 Jun;5(6):e1000528
19543369
Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Sep;63(9):1041-5
15066864
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;649:300-9
19731639
Pediatr Res. 2009 May;65(5 Pt 2):38R-45R
19190531
J Rheumatol. 1975 Sep;2(3):308-13
1185743
Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1227-36
15818699
Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1973;3(1):55-78
4581554
Hum Immunol. 1999 Jun;60(6):479-91
10408797
Immunol Today. 1994 Aug;15(8):367-73
7916950
Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Feb;62(2):316-9
20112362
Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Jul;65(7):919-23
16284098
J Rheumatol. 2009 Sep;36(9):1963-70
19648303
J Rheumatol. 1995 Dec;22(12):2279-84
8835562
Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Mar;58(3):730-3
18311807
Nat Genet. 2010 Apr;42(4):332-7
20228799
Ann Rheum Dis. 1989 Feb;48(2):99-103
2467628
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Jul;34(7):2052-9
15214053
Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Feb;64(2):296-8
15208175
J Immunol. 2005 Apr 15;174(8):4985-90
15814728
J Rheumatol. 1995 Apr;22(4):680-3
7791163
J Immunol. 2005 Aug 15;175(4):2438-48
16081815
Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Mar;54(3):974-85
16508980
Gastroenterology. 1989 Feb;96(2 Pt 1):339-44
2637670
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Sep;45(9):1129-32
16522678
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 Jul-Aug;27(4 Suppl 55):S26-32
19822042
Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Nov;60(11):3263-8
19877036
J Rheumatol. 1990 Mar;17(3):335-40
2332855
Nat Immunol. 2001 Apr;2(4):279-81
11276193
Mol Cell Proteomics. 2008 Jan;7(1):170-80
17934211
N Engl J Med. 1989 Jan 26;320(4):216-21
2643047
Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Nov;32(6):493-6
4202498
Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol. 2008 Jan-Jun;67(1-2):30-5
19284164
J Exp Med. 1995 Oct 1;182(4):1153-8
7561688
Lancet. 1995 Jun 17;345(8964):1542-4
7791441
Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:621-68
19302049
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 May;46(5):763-71
17259653
Int Immunol. 2001 Dec;13(12):1541-50
11717195
Br J Rheumatol. 1989 Oct;28(5):410-3
2571386
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010 Jul;22(4):368-74
20485176
Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Apr;66(4):562-3
17360787
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Dec;41(12):1419-23
12468823
Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Dec;63(12):1594-600
15345498
Nat Immunol. 2006 Jan;7(1):103-12
16299505
J Immunol. 1994 May 15;152(10):5109-19
8176227
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 30;103(22):8441-6
16698931
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Jul;15(7):1090-100
19253307
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Aug;40(8):920-7
11511762
Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Oct;44(10):2224-34
11665962
Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jun;54(6):1805-13
16736521
Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Apr;65(4):423-32
16126792
J Rheumatol. 2009 Apr;36(4):797-800
19228651
Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Nov;32(6):479-86
4760472
J Rheumatol. 1991 Oct;18(10):1542-51
1765980
Arthritis Rheum. 2009 May;60(5):1317-23
19404951
Ann Rheum Dis. 1985 Nov;44(11):766-71
4062389
Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2482-91
17665450
J Pathol. 2002 Mar;196(3):343-50
11857499
J Immunol. 1999 Dec 15;163(12):6665-70
10586062
Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Oct;68(10):1520-7
19454404
Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun;69(6):1243-6
19854717
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 Jan;14(1):32-9
17924558
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Feb;47(2):142-4
18160421
Arch Med Res. 2007 Feb;38(2):190-5
17227728
Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jun 15;69(12):2853-60
15222650
J Clin Invest. 2002 Aug;110(4):515-26
12189246
J Rheumatol. 2001 Oct;28(10):2155-9
11669149
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Jan;41(1):31-7
11792877
J Rheumatol. 1993 Sep;20(9):1567-72
8164217