Meta-analysis of non-tumour doses for radiation-induced cancer on the basis of dose-rate.
OBJECTIVE
Quantitative analysis of cancer risk of ionising radiation as a function of dose-rate.


METHODS
Non-tumour dose, D(nt), defined as the highest dose of radiation at which no statistically significant tumour increase was observed above the control level, was analysed as a function of dose-rate of radiation.


RESULTS
An inverse correlation was found between D(nt) and dose-rate of the radiation. D(nt) increased 20-fold with decreasing dose-rate from 1-10(-8) Gy/min for whole body irradiation with low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Partial body radiation also showed a dose-rate dependence with a 5- to 10-fold larger D(nt) as dose rate decreased. The dose-rate effect was also found for high LET radiation but at 10-fold lower D(nt) levels.


CONCLUSIONS
The cancer risk of ionising radiation varies 1000-fold depending on the dose-rate of radiation and exposure conditions. This analysis explains the discrepancy of cancer risk between A-bomb survivors and radium dial painters.
Radiation Effects Association, Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. tanooka-h@wind.ocn.ne.jp
Hiroshi
H
Tanooka
D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Radiat Res. 1979 Nov;80(2):303-16
388507
Adv Space Res. 2003;31(11):2389-401
14696589
Radiology. 1954 Oct;63(4):562-70
13204618
Radiat Res. 1991 Jan;125(1):98-101
1986405
Radiat Res. 1988 Feb;113(2):362-74
3340740
Radiat Res. 1979 Nov;80(2):325-42
504579
Exp Hematol. 2007 Apr;35(4 Suppl 1):37-46
17379086
Radiat Res. 1983 Mar;93(3):506-15
6344126
Radiat Res. 1973 Feb;53(2):235-40
4695224
Radiat Res. 1978 Apr;74(1):152-8
674562
Radiat Res. 1993 May;134(2):244-6
8488257
Radiat Res. 1977 Sep;71(3):528-46
897081
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 25;100(24):13761-6
14610281
Radiat Res. 1979 Dec;80(3):464-73
160056
Radiat Res. 1983 May;94(2):359-73
6344131
Radiat Res. 1990 Feb;121(2):120-41
2305030
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2006 Mar;44(4):245-51
16468064
Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1983 Aug;44(2):197-206
6603439
Radiat Res. 1978 Nov;76(2):368-83
287126
Health Phys. 2011 Mar;100(3):296-9
21595074
Radiat Res. 2000 May;153(5 Pt 1):557-69
10790277
Radiat Res. 2009 Mar;171(3):290-301
19267556
Radiat Res. 2000 Mar;153(3):289-94
10669550
Radiat Res. 1982 Nov;92(2):307-19
7163481
Int J Radiat Biol. 1998 May;73(5):535-41
9652811
J Radiat Res. 1991 Dec;32 Suppl 2:46-53
1823366
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1972 Oct;49(4):1131-7
5084123
Radiat Res. 1999 Dec;152(6 Suppl):S145-8
10564957
Radiat Res. 1970 Mar;41(3):467-91
4908840
Radiat Res. 1999 Dec;152(6 Suppl):S19-22
10564929
Lancet. 2004 Jan 31;363(9406):345-51
15070562
Radiat Res. 1976 Oct;68(1):115-31
967967
Radiat Res. 1993 Nov;136(2):178-89
8248474
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Oct;77(4):933-9
3531658
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1952 Aug;13(1):185-208
14946508
Radiat Res. 1978 Nov;76(2):384-401
287127
Radiat Res. 1984 Mar;97(3):587-97
6233627
Radiat Res. 1999 Dec;152(6 Suppl):S31-3
10564932
Radiat Res. 1993 Aug;135(2):178-88
8367589
Health Phys. 1984 Jun;46(6):1241-58
6327574
Radiat Res. 1979 Nov;80(2):317-24
504578
Int J Radiat Biol. 2001 May;77(5):541-51
11382332
Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Aug;9(8):596-604
19629073
Br J Cancer. 1969 Jun;23(2):452-63
5788054
Radiat Res. 1975 Jun;62(3):478-87
1129442
Radiat Res. 2005 Feb;163(2):153-8
15658890
Mutat Res. 2007 Jun 1;619(1-2):124-33
17397880
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Sep 2;84(17):1318-25
1495101
Prog Nucl Energy 6 Biol Sci. 1959;2:199-209
24546375
Radiat Res. 1994 Mar;137(3):361-70
8146280
Arch Toxicol. 2009 Mar;83(3):203-25
19247635