Phagocytic responses of peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils are different in rats following prolonged exercise.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effects of exhausting long-duration physical exercise (swimming) sessions of different durations and intensities on the number and phagocytic capacity of macrophages and neutrophils in sedentary rats.


BACKGROUND
Exercise intensity, duration and frequency are important factors in determining immune response to physical effort. Thus, the effects of exhausting long-duration exercise are unclear.


METHODS
Wistar rats were divided into two groups: an untreated group (macrophage study) and oyster glycogen-treated rats (neutrophil study). In each group, the animals were subdivided into five groups (10 rats per group): unexercised controls, an unadapted low-intensity exercise group, an unadapted moderate-intensity exercise group, a preadapted low-intensity exercise group and a preadapted moderate-intensity exercise group. All exercises were performed to exhaustion, and preadaptation consisted of 5, 15, 30 and 45 min sessions.


RESULTS
Macrophage study: the number of peritoneal macrophages significantly decreased (9.22 ± 1.78 x 10(6)) after unadapted exercise but increased (21.50 ± 0.63 x 10(6)) after preadapted low-intensity exercise, with no changes in the moderate-intensity exercise group. Phagocytic capacity, however, increased by more than 80% in all exercise groups (low/moderate, unadapted/preadapted). Neutrophil study: the number of peritoneal neutrophils significantly decreased after unadapted (29.20 ± 3.34 x 10(6)) and preadapted (50.00 ± 3.53 x 10(6)) low-intensity exercise but increased after unadapted (127.60 ± 5.14 x 10(6)) and preadapted (221.80 ± 14.85 x 10(6)) moderate exercise. Neutrophil phagocytic capacity decreased by 63% after unadapted moderate exercise but increased by 90% after corresponding preadapted sessions, with no changes in the low-intensity exercise groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Neutrophils and macrophages of sedentary rats respond differently to exercise-induced stress. Adaptation sessions reduce exercise-induced stress on the immune system.
Health Science Faculty, Methodist University of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Clílton K O
CK
Ferreira
Jonato
J
Prestes
Felipe F
FF
Donatto
Rozangela
R
Verlengia
James W
JW
Navalta
Cláudia R
CR
Cavaglieri
D000818:Animals; D006003:Glycogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
D006003:Glycogen
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