2D luminescence imaging of pH in vivo.
Luminescence imaging of biological parameters is an emerging field in biomedical sciences. Tools to study 2D pH distribution are needed to gain new insights into complex disease processes, such as wound healing and tumor metabolism. In recent years, luminescence-based methods for pH measurement have been developed. However, for in vivo applications, especially for studies on humans, biocompatibility and reliability under varying conditions have to be ensured. Here, we present a referenced luminescent sensor for 2D high-resolution imaging of pH in vivo. The ratiometric sensing scheme is based on time-domain luminescence imaging of FITC and ruthenium(II)tris-(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). To create a biocompatible 2D sensor, these dyes were bound to or incorporated into microparticles (aminocellulose and polyacrylonitrile), and particles were immobilized in polyurethane hydrogel on transparent foils. We show sensor precision and validity by conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments, and we show the versatility in imaging pH during physiological and chronic cutaneous wound healing in humans. Implementation of this technique may open vistas in wound healing, tumor biology, and other biomedical fields.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany. stephan@schreml.de
Stephan
S
Schreml
Robert J
RJ
Meier
Otto S
OS
Wolfbeis
Michael
M
Landthaler
Rolf-Markus
RM
Szeimies
Philipp
P
Babilas
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002460:Cell Line; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D049449:Luminescence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D014945:Wound Healing
D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010618:Phenanthrolines; C518776:ruthenium II tris (bathophenanthroline disulfonate); D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
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