Evaluation of effective dose from a RANDO phantom in videofluorography diagnostic procedures for diagnosing dysphagia.
OBJECTIVE
Videofluorography (VF) is useful for diagnosing dysphagia; however, few reports have investigated appropriate effective doses for VF. The present study aimed to estimate the effective radiation dose in VF for diagnosis of dysphagia.


METHODS
Radiation doses to tissues and organs were measured using the anthropomorphic RANDO woman phantom as an equivalent to the human body. Effective doses were estimated according to the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60 in 1990 and IRCP 103 in 2007. The tissues measured were those recommended by ICRP 60 and ICRP 103 including gonads (ovaries and testes), red bone marrow and tissues in which excessive radiation commonly causes malignant tumours including lung, thyroid gland, stomach, large intestine, liver, oesophagus, bladder, breast, bone marrow, skin, brain and salivary gland. Skin dose was also measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters.


RESULTS
Using ICRP 103, the effective dose was estimated as 118.1 μSv at a tube voltage of 50 kV and 82.4 μSv at 45 kV. However, using ICRP 60 the effective dose for 1 min of VF was estimated at 62.4 μSv and 47.2 μSv under the same exposure conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
Using ICRP 103, the effective dose for VF per examination at a total estimation time of 1 min was estimated as approximately 2.5-8.3 times that observed for digital panoramic radiography and 1/12 to 3 times depending on the measurement device for cone beam CT (CBCT). This value can be decreased in the future using a smaller irradiation field and decreased time for examination in VF in the future.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan. iwai@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
K
K
Iwai
K
K
Hashimoto
K
K
Nishizawa
K
K
Sawada
K
K
Honda
D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010779:Photofluorography / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D014743:Videotape Recording
Ann ICRP. 2007;37(2-4):1-332
18082557
J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Sep;139(9):1237-43
18762634
Clin Chest Med. 1993 Sep;14(3):479-90
8222564
Dysphagia. 1998 Spring;13(2):113-5
9513308
Dysphagia. 1998 Fall;13(4):223-7
9716754
Health Phys. 1989 Jan;56(1):111-5
2909497
Br J Radiol. 2009 Jan;82(973):35-40
18852212
Dysphagia. 1997 Summer;12(3):125-32
9190097
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Nov;81(11):1520-6
11083359
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006 Jul;35(4):219-26
16798915
Clin Radiol. 2002 Jul;57(7):614-6
12096861
Dysphagia. 1997 Fall;12(4):180-7
9294936
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983 Aug;64(8):371-3
6882177
Br J Radiol. 2004 Aug;77(920):654-6
15326042
Dysphagia. 2007 Jan;22(1):13-5
17024550
Pediatr Radiol. 2000 Apr;30(4):236-42
10789901
Eur J Radiol. 2009 Jul;71(1):42-8
18448296