The Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan was Effective at Reducing Dietary Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Blood Glucose Levels in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
BACKGROUND
The typical Korean diet includes rice, which is usually served in a rice bowl. We investigated the effects of a meal plan using rice bowls of varying sizes on dietary energy intake (EI), body weight (BW), and blood glucose levels.


METHODS
Forty-two obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to use either a 200 mL small rice bowl (SB), a 380 mL regular rice bowl (RB), or to a control group (C). Both intervention groups were asked to reduce their EI by 500 kcal/day for 12 weeks and simple instructions for using the assigned bowl were provided. Dietary EI and proportion of macronutrients (PMN) were estimated from 3-day dietary records.


RESULTS
Reduction of EI was more prominent in the SB group compared to the RB and C group, although EI decreased significantly from baseline in all groups. Carbohydrate and fat intakes of the SB group were decreased greater than those of the RB and C group. However, changes in PMN were not significant across the 3 groups. Reduction of BW and HbA1c levels in the SB group was more prominent compared to the C group. Although, BW and HbA1c were decreased significantly from baseline in both bowl groups. There was no statistical difference between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The small rice bowl-based meal plan was effective at reducing EI, BW, and blood glucose levels, and the observed reductions in EI, carbohydrate, and fat intake were greater than those of the regular rice bowl-based meal plan.
Diabetes Center, Eulji Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Hee Jung
HJ
Ahn
Kyung Ah
KA
Han
Hwi Ryun
HR
Kwon
Kyung Wan
KW
Min
Diabetes Care. 2003 Sep;26(9):2500-4
12941709
Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Dec 15;146(12):1046-55
9420529
Appetite. 2007 Nov;49(3):652-60
17540474
Korean Diabetes J. 2010 Jun;34(3):166-73
20617077
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;59(3):411-8
15674301
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(1):35-42
16500876
Diabetes Care. 2004 Aug;27(8):2067-73
15277443
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1 Suppl):236S-241S
16002828
Ann Intern Med. 1995 Apr 1;122(7):481-6
7872581
Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33 Suppl 1:S11-61
20042772
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1207-13
12450884
Obes Res. 2000 Jan;8(1):43-8
10678258
Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jun 25;167(12):1277-83
17592101
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):962-8
15159224
J Nutr. 2005 Apr;135(4):905-9
15795457
Korean Diabetes J. 2010 Apr;34(2):86-94
20548840