Anti-inflammatory effects of yerba maté extract (Ilex paraguariensis) ameliorate insulin resistance in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of yerba maté extract upon markers of insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. The mice were introduced to either standard or high fat diets. After 12 weeks on a high fat diet, mice were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment conditions, water or yerba maté extract at 1.0 gkg(-1). After treatment, glucose blood level and hepatic and soleus muscle insulin response were evaluated. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated by ELISA, liver tissue was examined to determine the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Our data show improvements in both the basal glucose blood levels and in the response to insulin administration in the treated animals. The molecular analysis of insulin signalling revealed a restoration of hepatic and muscle insulin substrate receptor (IRS)-1 and AKT phosphorylation. Our data show that the high fat diet caused an up-regulation of the TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS genes. Although after intervention with yerba maté extract the expression levels of those genes returned to baseline through the NF-κB pathway, these results could also be secondary to the weight loss observed. In conclusion, our results indicate that yerba maté has a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, these data demonstrate that yerba maté inhibits hepatic and muscle TNF-α and restores hepatic insulin signalling in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity.
Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
Demétrius P
DP
Arçari
Waldemar
W
Bartchewsky
Tanila W
TW
dos Santos
Karim A
KA
Oliveira
Carlorine C
CC
DeOliveira
Érica M
ÉM
Gotardo
José
J
Pedrazzoli
Alessandra
A
Gambero
Lucio F C
LF
Ferraz
Patricia de O
Pde O
Carvalho
Marcelo L
ML
Ribeiro
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt