Infectivity period of mice inoculated with human adenoviruses.
Due to non-productive infections, mice are not a good model to study some human adenoviruses. However, mice provide an excellent model to study the metabolic effects of human adenovirus, Ad36. Research interest in Ad36 is increasing rapidly, and consequently an increase in the use of mice as a model is anticipated. However, little is known about the transmission potential of Ad36 from infected mice to other laboratory animals or personnel. While underestimating the infectivity could promote inadvertent spread of Ad36, overstating it could drain valuable laboratory resources and animals. Therefore, we determined the duration of infectivity in female C57BL/6J mice that were experimentally infected with human adenoviruses Ad36 or Ad2. Other uninfected mice were co-housed for one week with the experimentally-infected animals, four or eight weeks postinfection. Additionally, uninfected mice were housed in the cages of mice that were infected with Ad36, 12 weeks earlier. The presence of viral DNA in tissues was used to indicate infection of mice. Although experimentally-infected mice harboured viral DNA at least up to 12 weeks, the horizontal transmission of infection was observed in co-housed mice only up to four weeks postinfection. Thus, Ad36-infected mice should be considered potentially infective for eight weeks and appropriate handling and barrier containment should be used. After eight week postinfection, horizontal transmission appears unlikely. This information may provide guidelines for animal handling, and experimental design using Ad36, which may increase safety for laboratory personnel and reduce the number of mice required for experiments.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Rashmi
R
Krishnapuram
Heather
H
Kirk-Ballard
Aamri
A
Zuberi
Nikhil V
NV
Dhurandhar
D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015047:Zoonoses
D017931:DNA Primers
Diabetes. 2008 Sep;57(9):2321-31
18599527
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):220-1
20010727
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Dec;28(12):1521-7
15467779
Vaccine. 2010 Jan 22;28(4):950-7
19925902
Int J Obes (Lond). 2009 Dec;33(12):1402-9
19786969
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1996;39(1):57-67
8738606
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Jan;34(1):89-93
19823186
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Nov;14(11):1905-13
17135605
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Feb;34(2):302-8
19901952
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Mar;32(3):397-406
17984979
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Aug;24(8):989-96
10951537
Diabetes. 2008 Jul;57(7):1805-13
18420488
J Virol. 1991 Jun;65(6):3192-202
2033670
J Gen Virol. 1978 Jul;40(1):45-61
211182
J Nutr. 2002 Oct;132(10):3155-60
12368411
Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Mar;29(3):281-6
15611785
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):R190-4
16166204
Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Jan;31(1):78-86
16652125
Liver Int. 2010 Feb;30(2):184-90
19840251
Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Jun;29(6):603-6
15738934
J Infect Dis. 1984 Jul;150(1):92-7
6086773
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Sep;34(9):1355-64
20440297
Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Jan;31(1):87-96
16703005
Adv Food Nutr Res. 2007;52:61-102
17425944
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jul 7;744(1):1-8
10985560
Arch Virol. 2008;153(11):2097-102
18830560
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Jul;25(7):990-6
11443497
Virus Res. 2010 May;149(2):152-61
20109503
J Gen Virol. 2009 Dec;90(Pt 12):2849-2854
19656960
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1651-5
1848005
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Apr;17(4):657-64
19165154