Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas.
Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) are a very attractive option for the treatment of hospital wastewater and elimination of pharmaceuticals in high density urban areas. The present investigation showed that, depending on the substance, between 19% and 94% of the level of antibiotics found in the environment originate from hospitals. Because of their ecotoxic potential, hospital wastewaters can have a significant impact on the environment. The segregation of these wastewaters and their separate treatment at the source can reduce the entry of drugs in waterways and enable water reuse after adequate polishing treatment processes.
RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 52066 Aachen, Germany. beier@isa.rwth-aachen.de
S
S
Beier
C
C
Cramer
S
S
Köster
C
C
Mauer
L
L
Palmowski
H Fr
HF
Schröder
J
J
Pinnekamp
D019149:Bioreactors; D006761:Hospitals; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014507:Urbanization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical