Application of photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence to cancer biomarker microarrays.
We report on the use of photonic crystal surfaces as a high-sensitivity platform for detection of a panel of cancer biomarkers in a protein microarray format. The photonic crystal surface is designed to provide an optical resonance at the excitation wavelength of cyanine-5 (Cy5), thus providing an increase in fluorescent intensity for Cy5-labeled analytes measured with a confocal microarray scanner, compared to a glass surface. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is undertaken on a microarray platform to undertake a simultaneous, multiplex analysis of 24 antigens on a single chip. Our results show that the resonant excitation effect increases the signal-to-noise ratio by 3.8- to 6.6-fold, resulting in a decrease in detection limits of 6-89%, with the exact enhancement dependent upon the antibody-antigen interaction. Dose-response characterization of the photonic crystal antibody microarrays shows the capability to detect common cancer biomarkers in the <2 pg/mL concentration range within a mixed sample.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Cheng-Sheng
CS
Huang
Sherine
S
George
Meng
M
Lu
Vikram
V
Chaudhery
Ruimin
R
Tan
Richard C
RC
Zangar
Brian T
BT
Cunningham
D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002138:Calibration; D007118:Immunoassay; D057230:Limit of Detection; D017785:Photons; D011327:Printing; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
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