Transport behavior of hairless mouse skin during constant current DC iontophoresis I: baseline studies.
The fluxes of charged and nonionic molecules across hairless mouse skin (HMS) were induced by direct current iontophoresis and used to characterize the transport pathways of the epidermal membrane. Experimental data were used to determine permeability coefficients from which the effective pore radii (Rp) of the transport pathways were calculated. Permeants used in these experiments were nonionic permeants (urea, mannitol, and raffinose), monovalent cationic permeants (sodium, tetraethylammonium, and tetraphenylphosphonium ions), and monovalent anionic permeants (chloride, salicylate, and taurocholate ions). The Rp estimates obtained by the anionic permeant pairs were 49, 22, and 20 Å for the chloride/salicylate (Cl:SA), chloride/taurocholate (Cl:TC), and salicylate/taurocholate (SA:TC) pairs, respectively; with the cationic permeant pairs, the Rp values obtained were 19, 30, and 24 Å for the sodium/tetraethylammonium (Na:TEA), sodium/tetraphenylphosphonium (Na:TPP), and the tetraethylammonium/tetraphenylphosphonium (TEA:TPP) pairs, respectively. Rp estimates for HMS obtained from nonionic permeant experiments ranged from 6.7 to 13.4 Å. When plotted versus their respective diffusion coefficients, all of the permeability coefficients for the cationic permeants were greater than those of the anionic permeants. Additionally, the magnitudes of permeability coefficients determined in the current study with HMS were of the same order of magnitude as those previously determined in our laboratory using human epidermal membrane under similar iontophoresis conditions.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267. mark.liddell1@gmail.com.
Mark R
MR
Liddell
S Kevin
SK
Li
William I
WI
Higuchi
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D007477:Ions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D010539:Permeability; D011887:Raffinose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D007477:Ions; D008353:Mannitol; D014508:Urea; D011887:Raffinose