Pathologic pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia.
Pathologic hyperplasia of various pancreatic endocrine cells is rare but has been long known. β cell hyperplasia contributes to persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, which is commonly caused by mutations in the islet ATP-sensitive potassium channel, and to non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia in adults, which may or may not be associated with bariatric surgery. α cell hyperplasia may cause glucagonoma syndrome or induce pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. An inactivating mutation of the glucagon receptor causes α cell hyperplasia and asymptomatic hyperglucagonemia. Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia has been described without a clearly-characterized clinical syndrome and hyperplasia of other endocrine cells inside the pancreas has not been reported to our knowledge. Based on morphological evidence, the main pathogenetic mechanism for pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia is increased endocrine cell neogenesis from exocrine ductal epithelium. Pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia should be considered in the diagnosis and management of hypoglycemia, elevated islet hormone levels, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Further studies of pathologic pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia will likely yield insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Debra
D
Ouyang
Deepti
D
Dhall
Run
R
Yu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D004703:Endocrine System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000235:genetics
D054086:KATP Channels; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon
Endocrinology. 2000 Jun;141(6):1926-9
10830272
Mod Pathol. 1998 May;11(5):444-9
9619597
Dig Dis Sci. 1991 Jul;36(7):933-42
2070707
Diabetes. 1977 Jul;26(7):632-42
194808
Arch Surg. 1994 Mar;129(3):329-32
8129611
Diabetes Care. 2006 Jul;29(7):1554-9
16801578
Am J Surg Pathol. 2009 May;33(5):739-48
19238077
J Gastrointest Surg. 1998 Nov-Dec;2(6):533-6
10457311
Surgery. 2000 Dec;128(6):937-44;discussion 944-5
11114627
Pancreas. 2008 May;36(4):428-31
18437091
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1989 Mar;18(1):185-201
2645126
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 22;104(21):8681-2
17517662
Gut. 2007 May;56(5):606-7
17440178
J Clin Pathol. 2006 Oct;59(10):1087-90
17021132
Am J Pathol. 1998 Jul;153(1):223-31
9665483
Am J Surg Pathol. 2005 Apr;29(4):524-33
15767809
Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2000 Nov-Dec;3(6):532-47
11000331
Endocr Dev. 2009;14:95-113
19293578
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;94(3):709-28
19088155
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3989-92
12915697
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;92(3):1118-28
17179192
Ann Surg. 1974 Jul;180(1):130-5
4365152
Lancet. 1978 Dec 16;2(8103):1280-2
82783
Diabetes Metab. 2000 Nov;26(5):337-51
11119013
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2003;19:71-89
14570564
N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 21;353(3):249-54
16034010
World J Surg. 1984 Aug;8(4):561-74
6207668
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;94(1):213-7
18957496
J Surg Oncol. 1980;14(1):11-20
6991821
Oncologist. 2009 May;14(5):456-67
19411317
J Gastroenterol. 1998 Feb;33(1):125-8
9497235
Endocr Pathol. 1999 Winter;10(4):299-304
12114766
Physiol Rev. 2005 Oct;85(4):1255-70
16183912
J Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Feb;38(1-2):193-206
17293440
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 30;98(3):1118-23
11158604
Yonsei Med J. 2000 Jun;41(3):426-9
10957903
Hum Pathol. 1997 Feb;28(2):149-53
9023394
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2002 Oct;12(5):540-7
12200159
Pancreas. 2007 Nov;35(4):372-5
18090246
Am J Clin Pathol. 1983 Jan;79(1):14-24
6336883
Pancreas. 2003 May;26(4):402-5
12717275
World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 21;14(35):5377-84
18803349
Endocr Pathol. 2007 Fall;18(3):150-5
18058264
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2006;22:311-38
16824015
Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2003 Jul-Aug;6(4):322-33
14692646
Pathobiology. 2007;74(5):279-84
17890894
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 4;100(3):1438-43
12552113
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1851-5
20133462
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 May;84(5):1582-9
10323384
Am J Pathol. 1938 Mar;14(2):125-134.5
19970380
Diabetologia. 1984 Apr;26(4):282-9
6376236
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;599:133-8
17727257
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jan 18;290(2):839-43
11785978
JAMA. 1967 May 29;200(9):757-61
5337105
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000 Mar;82(2):F108-12
10685982
N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 21;353(3):300-2
16034017
J Formos Med Assoc. 2005 May;104(5):363-6
15959605
Endocr Relat Cancer. 2003 Dec;10(4):427-36
14713255
Diabetes. 2009 Feb;58(2):403-11
18984743
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Nov;65(5):566-78
17054456
Can J Surg. 1999 Feb;42(1):55-8
10071589
Pancreas. 2009 Nov;38(8):941-6
19657311
Am J Surg Pathol. 1989 Sep;13(9):766-75
2669541
World J Surg. 2006 May;30(5):670-9
16555022
Diabetologia. 2005 Nov;48(11):2236-40
16195867
Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 May;30(5):560-74
16699310
J Endocrinol. 2004 Apr;181(1):11-23
15072563
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;36(4):851-65, vi
17996794
World J Surg. 1984 Aug;8(4):583-9
6148809