title: Larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 in response to neurotransmitter blockers and tetraethylammonium.
abstract: The metamorphic response of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, rauwolscine, idazoxan, atenolol and butoxamine, and to tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) was investigated through a series of bioassays. Chlorpromazine, amitriptyline and idazoxin inhibited larval metamorphosis induced by 10⁻⁴ M epinephrine. The concentration that inhibited metamorphosis by 50% (IC₅₀) for chlorpromazine and amitriptyline was 1.6 x 10⁻⁶ M and 6.6 x 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. Idazoxan was less effective with an IC₅₀ of 4.4 x 10¹³ M. Moreover, these three inhibitors showed no toxicity at any of the concentrations tested. The larval metamorphic response to K+ was not inhibited by 10⁻³ M tetraethylammonium chloride after 96 h. Thus, the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine and amitriptyline are inhibitors of larval metamorphosis, and will be useful tools for antifouling studies.
authors.affiliation: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. jlyang@shou.edu.cn
authors.forename: Jin-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-Yang
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Cyril Glenn
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Satuito
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019789:Tetraethylammonium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D019789:Tetraethylammonium