title: Surveillance of nosocomial infections in a Mexican community hospital. How are we doing?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the nosocomial infection (NI) rate obtained from a retrospective review of clinical charts with that from the routine nosocomial infection surveillance system in a community hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a randomized sample of clinical charts.Results were compared to standard surveillance using crude and adjusted analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 440 discharges were reviewed, there were 27 episodes of NIs among 22 patients. Cumulated incidence was 6.13 NI per 100 discharges. Diarrhea, pneumonia and peritonitis were the most common infections. Predictors of NI by Cox regression analysis included pleural catheter (HR 16.38), entry through the emergency ward, hospitalization in the intensive care unit (HR 7.19), and placement of orotracheal tube (HR 5.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency of NIs in this community hospital was high and underestimated. We identified urgent needs in the areas of training and monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: María-Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Corona
authors.forename: Laura-Elizabeth
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ramírez-López
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Báez-Saldaña
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferreyra-Reyes
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Guerrero
authors.forename: Bulmaro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cano-Arellano
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cruz-Hervert
authors.forename: Norma Araceli
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Téllez-Vázquez
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verduzco-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jaramillo-Cosme
authors.forename: Eleazar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luna-Téllez
authors.forename: Samuel Ponce
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: de León-Rosales
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006753:Hospital Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity