title: Treatment and posttreatment outcomes induced by the Mandibular Advancement Repositioning Appliance; a controlled clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the treatment and posttreatment dentoskeletal effects induced by the Mandibular Advancement Repositioning Appliance (MARA) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treated sample consisted of 23 consecutively treated patients at prepubertal or pubertal stages, as assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation method. A control group of untreated Class II subjects was generated from published normative growth data. Lateral cephalograms were digitized and superimposed via cephalometric software at three different times: T1, pretreatment; T2, post-MARA treatment; and T3, at least 1 year after T2. The T1-T2, T2-T3, and T1-T3 changes in the treated group were compared to those in the control group with independent-sample Student's t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of MARA were assessed after the active phase of the treatment (T1-T2). Mandibular elongation in length (Co-Gn, +2.2 mm) was evident together with lower incisor proclination (IMPA, +5.8 mm). A relapse tendency for IMPA was noticed after removing the appliance (IMPA, -2.1° during T2-T3). Significant skeletal effects (Co-Gn, +2.0 mm) and headgear effects on the maxilla (SNA, -1.2°) were significant in the long term (T1-T3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MARA appliance provides an effective correction of Class II malocclusion, which is maintained at a posttreatment observation with a moderate skeletal effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Luis Tomas Huanca
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ghislanzoni
authors.forename: Douglas Edward
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Toll
authors.forename: Efisio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Defraia
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020247:Myofunctional Therapy; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome