title: Enhanced laser thermal ablation for the in vitro treatment of liver cancer by specific delivery of multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with human serum albumin.
abstract: The main goal of this investigation was to develop and test a new method of treatment for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present a method of carbon nanotube-enhanced laser thermal ablation of HepG2 cells (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line) based on a simple multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) carrier system, such as human serum albumin (HSA), and demonstrate its selective therapeutic efficacy compared with normal hepatocyte cells. Both HepG2 cells and hepatocytes were treated with HSA-MWCNTs at various concentrations and at various incubation times and further irradiated using a 2 W, 808 nm laser beam. Transmission electron, phase contrast, and confocal microscopy combined with immunochemical staining were used to demonstrate the selective internalization of HSA-MWCNTs via Gp60 receptors and the caveolin-mediated endocytosis inside HepG2 cells. The postirradiation apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells treated with HSA-MWCNTs ranged from 88.24% (for 50 mg/L) at 60 sec to 92.34% (for 50 mg/L) at 30 min. Significantly lower necrotic rates were obtained when human hepatocytes were treated with HSA-MWCNTs in a similar manner. Our results clearly show that HSA-MWCNTs selectively attach on the albondin (aka Gp60) receptor located on the HepG2 membrane, followed by an uptake through a caveolin-dependent endocytosis process. These unique results may represent a major step in liver cancer treatment using nanolocalized thermal ablation by laser heating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Third Surgery Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. cornel.iancu@umfcluj.ro
authors.forename: Cornel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mocan
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bele
authors.forename: Anamaria Ioana
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Orza
authors.forename: Flaviu A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tabaran
authors.forename: Cornel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catoi
authors.forename: Rares
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stiufiuc
authors.forename: Ariana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stir
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matea
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agoston-Coldea
authors.forename: Florin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaharie
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mocan
mesh_terms: D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009336:Necrosis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C065610:sialoglycoprotein gp60; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate