title: Cerebral infarction along the distribution of perforating arteries during aneurysm surgery in a patient with pheochromocytoma--case report.
abstract: A 58-year-old woman with refractory hypertension presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Digital subtraction angiography and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a ruptured left vertebral artery (VA) aneurysm and an unruptured left middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm. The patient successfully underwent neck clipping of the left VA aneurysm. However, CT obtained just after the operation showed an asymptomatic cerebral infarction along the distribution of medial striate arteries of the right anterior cerebral artery in the caudate nucleus. The pathogenesis of the infarction was unknown. Before clipping surgery of the left MCA aneurysm, detailed examinations to find the cause of her refractory hypertension were performed. Laboratory tests revealed plasma serum level of norepinephrine at 15,521 pg/ml (normal range 100-450 pg/ml). Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pheochromocytoma in the right adrenal gland. After preoperative management of the pheochromocytoma, the neck of the left MCA aneurysm was successfully clipped. When the patient awakened from anesthesia, she noticed right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. CT showed cerebral infarction along the distribution of lenticulostriate arteries of the left MCA in the putamen. Her symptoms gradually improved, and the pheochromocytoma was removed by laparoscopic surgery. Sustained severe hypertension and depletion of blood volume resulting from excess catecholamine release from the pheochromocytoma may have caused the complications. Hypervolemic fluid infusion and maintenance of normotensive blood pressure during surgery may avoid such ischemic events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. tsuzuki@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nobusuke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawashiro
authors.forename: Terushige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Takamoto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shima
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D020243:Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012086:Reoperation; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery