title: Bacterial screening by flow cytometry offers potential for extension of platelet storage: results of 14 months of active surveillance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial contamination is currently the major infectious hazard of platelet transfusion in developed countries. It has been demonstrated that a significant transfusion risk remains, in particular with older platelet concentrates (PCs). In 2009, the shelf life of PCs was therefore reduced in Germany to 4 days after the day of production according to Vote 38. The aim of the present study was the application and implementation of a recently developed flow cytometry-based rapid screening method (BactiFlow) for bacterial contamination at the end of PC shelf life as a routine in-process control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 472 apheresis-derived PCs were tested using the BactiFlow flow cytometric assay to detect and count bacteria based on esterase activity in viable bacterial cells, while the BacT/Alert automated culture system served as the reference method. The automation potential of the flow cytometric assay was analysed by applying the semi-automated BactiFlow ALS system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An algorithm was developed for use in routine blood bank operations to extend the storage period of PCs. Two of the 472 apheresis PCs tested were positive in culture and identified as Propionibacterium species. One PC was positive for Staphylococcus aureus by both methods. All remaining specimens were tested negative by both methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that routine bacterial testing of PCs was successfully implemented and the established algorithm proved efficient. The BactiFlow flow cytometric assay is the first rapid screening method which is suitable for a routine application combined with a high sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engemann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleesiek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreier
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000382:microbiology*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D013997:Time Factors