title: Novel modalities in the treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer.
abstract: Mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene are a well-described mechanism of resistance to monoclonal antibodies that target the epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with metastatic and nonoperable colorectal cancer. Treatment options in this population are limited to conventional chemotherapy regimens and antiangiogenesis compounds. Numerous strategies have been proposed in preclinical models as being effective in the presence of KRAS mutations. As basic and translational research further unravels the complex interactions and regulation points in the pathways downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor, more drugs become available for clinical testing. Indeed, there are many ongoing clinical trials that focus on the safety and efficacy of novel compounds in patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer. This is a review of the literature with regard to the rationale of various approaches on this topic and also a summary of the current active clinical trials limited to patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimou
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syrigos
authors.forename: Muhammad Wasif
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C117307:KRAS protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins