title: Characterization of a liposome-based formulation of oxaliplatin using capillary electrophoresis: encapsulation and leakage.
abstract: A capillary electrophoresis-based method to characterize a PEGylated liposomal drug formulation of the anti-cancer agent oxaliplatin was developed. Pharmaceutical characterization in terms of determination of the free and total oxaliplatin concentrations in the liposomal formulation was successfully performed allowing calculation of the percentage of encapsulated drug and encapsulation efficiency. The trapping efficiency was likewise calculated. The capillary electrophoresis method allowed liposome characterization in the intended formulation media (sucrose solution with low electrolyte concentration), and the attained results were consistent with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements. Accelerated drug leakage studies were initiated by the sonication of the PEGylated formulation, using an ultrasound probe, subsequently the drug leakage was determined by capillary electrophoresis. The results obtained with the PEGylated liposomes demonstrate that capillary electrophoresis may be a useful tool for the characterization of liposomal drug formulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Tam T T N
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vermehren
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gammelgaard
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostergaard
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D008081:Liposomes; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000737:chemistry; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: C519184:1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol 2000); D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C051388:1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; C010942:1,2-distearoyllecithin