title: Brain redox imaging.
abstract: Nitroxyl contrast agents (nitroxyl radicals, also known as nitroxide) are paramagnetic species, which can react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to lose paramagnetism to be diamagnetic species. The paramagnetic nitroxyl radical forms can be detected by using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI), Overhauser MRI (OMRI), or MRI. The time course of in vivo image intensity induced by paramagnetic redox-sensitive contrast agent can give tissue redox information, which is the so-called redox imaging technique. The redox imaging technique employing a blood-brain barrier permeable nitroxyl contrast agent can be applied to analyze the pathophysiological functions in the brain. A brief theory of redox imaging techniques is described, and applications of redox imaging techniques to brain are introduced.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Murali C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Krishna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010539:Permeability; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C039900:nitroxyl