title: Treatment of HIV-associated nephropathies.
abstract: In patients with HIV, the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved life expectancy. At the same time, this increase in life expectancy has been associated with a higher frequency of chronic kidney disease due to factors other than HIV infection. Besides HIV-associated nephropathy, a number of different types of immune complex and non-immune complex-mediated processes have been identified on kidney biopsies, including vascular disease (nephrosclerosis), diabetes, and drug-related renal injury. In this setting, renal biopsy needs to be considered in order to obtain the correct diagnosis in individual patients with HIV and kidney impairment. Many issues regarding the optimal treatment of the different pathological processes affecting the kidneys of these patients have remained unresolved. Further research is needed in order to optimize treatment and renal outcomes in patients with HIV and kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: New Kasr Al-Aini Teaching Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Usama
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Elewa
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rizza
authors.forename: Fernando C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Fervenza
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents