title: Comparative studies of vertebrate aldehyde dehydrogenase 3: sequences, structures, phylogeny and evolution. Evidence for a mammalian origin for the ALDH3A1 gene.
abstract: Mammalian ALDH3 genes (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, ALDH3B1 and ALDH3B2) encode enzymes of peroxidic and fatty aldehyde metabolism. ALDH3A1 also plays a major role in anterior eye tissue UV-filtration. BLAT and BLAST analyses were undertaken of several vertebrate genomes using rat, chicken and zebrafish ALDH3-like amino acid sequences. Predicted vertebrate ALDH3 sequences and structures were highly conserved, including residues involved in catalysis, coenzyme binding and enzyme structure as reported by Liu et al. [27] for rat ALDH3A1. Phylogeny studies of human, rat, opossum, platypus, chicken, xenopus and zebrafish ALDH3-like sequences supported three hypotheses: (1) the mammalian ALDH3A1 gene was generated by a tandem duplication event of an ancestral vertebrate ALDH3A2 gene; (2) multiple mammalian and chicken ALDH3B-like genes were generated by tandem duplication events within genomes of related species; and (3) vertebrate ALDH3A and ALDH3B genes were generated prior to the appearance of bony fish more than 500 million years ago.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. r.holmes@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hempel
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C480021:ALDH3A1 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; C038828:long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase; C520012:ALDH3B1 protein, human