title: Cardiovascular and renal anomalies in Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency and type of cardiovascular (CV) and renal/collecting system (R/CS) abnormalities seen in a sample of patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) and to verify the proportion of those anomalies detected only after diagnosis was established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 130 patients with TS diagnosed in an outpatient setting between 1989 and 2006. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.9 years. Data were obtained by personal history of CV and R/CS disorders and by results of echocardiogram and ultrasonography of the kidneys and collecting system performed after diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25.6% of patients who underwent echocardiograms presented CV abnormalities. Among them, mitral regurgitation (21.4%), bicuspid aortic valve (19%) and aortic coarctation (19%) were the most frequent. R/CS anomalies were found in 29.3% of patients who underwent ultrasonography. Among them, duplication of the collecting system and hydronephrosis (25% each) and horseshoe kidney (21.2%) were the most frequent. In about 80% of cases there was no previous knowledge of these anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of CV and R/CS abnormalities found in this study was similar to that of previous studies, but most were found in routine exams after TS diagnosis. Thus, early detection of associated anomalies depends on early detection of TS.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP.
authors.forename: Annelise Barreto
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra Júnior
authors.forename: Maria Tereza Matias
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Antonia Paula Marques
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Faria
authors.forename: Sofia Helena Valente de Lemos
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Andréa Trevas Maciel
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007621:Karyotyping; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult