title: Access to primary mental health care for hard-to-reach groups: from 'silent suffering' to 'making it work'.
abstract: Equitable access to primary care for people with common mental health problems in the UK remains problematic. The experiences of people from hard-to-reach groups offer important insights into barriers to accessing care. In this study, we report on secondary analysis of qualitative data generated within seven previously-reported studies. Thirty-three of ninety-two available transcripts were re-analysed using a new heuristic of access, generated to frame narrative-based comparative case analysis. The remaining transcripts were used to triangulate the findings via a process of collaborative analysis between a secondary researcher, naïve to research findings of the original studies, and primary researchers involved in data generation and analysis within the original studies. This method provided a rich body of 'fine grain' insights into the ways in which problem formulation, help-seeking, use of services and perceptions of service quality are interlinked in a recursive and socially embedded matrix of inequitable access to primary mental health care. The findings indicate both extensive commonalities between experiences of people from different 'hard-to-reach groups', and considerable diversity within each group. An idiographic generalisation and aggregation of this variety of experiences points to one main common facilitator (communicated availability of acceptable mental health services) and two main common barriers (lack of effective information and multiple forms of stigma) to equitable access to primary mental health care. We conclude that there is a need to provide local care that is pluralistic, adaptive, holistic, resonant and socially conscious in order to ensure that equitable access to mental health services can become a reality.
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovandžić
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chew-Graham
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: Saadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aseem
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gask
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dowrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000458:organization & administration; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018582:Sick Leave; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult