title: Disorders of sexual development: an overview of 18 years experience in the pediatric Endocrinology Department of Ankara University.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disorders of sexual development (DSD) occur when the appearance of the internal and/or external genitalia is at variance with normal development for either sex. We reviewed the characteristics of patients with DSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eight children aged from newborn to 19 years with DSD from 1990 to 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  46,XY DSD (52.4%) was more common than 46,XX DSD (34.6%) and gonadal differentiation disorders (12.99%). Thirty-six (33.02%) patients were diagnosed with androgen resistance syndrome, 41 (37.61%) had 5alpha-reductase deficiency, 23 (21.10%) had testosterone synthesis disorders. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was the most frequent underlying cause of 46,XX DSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are many difficult aspects in the diagnosis and management of DSD. Gender assessment teams of endocrine centers need a multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, genetic counseling, and psychosocial support of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ocal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berberoğlu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Siklar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bilir
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yağmurlu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tükün
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soygür
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gültan
authors.forename: V Tonyukuk
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Gedik
mesh_terms: D058489:46, XX Disorders of Sex Development / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D058490:Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014421:Turkey