title: Passive smoke exposure is associated with perioperative adverse effects in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of respiratory adverse events during general anesthesia in children passively exposed to cigarette smoke (PSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, double blinded, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room and recovery room of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 385 children who underwent elective surgery during general anesthesia from June to November, 2008. PSE was identified by using the child's caregivers' information. Respiratory adverse events were recorded during anesthesia and post-anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technique of anesthesia induction and management, distribution of patients' age, gender, surgical procedures, and perioperative analgesic methods were similar in the PSE and non-PSE groups. Respiratory adverse events were reported in 58 patients (15.1%): 50 patients (21.4%) were in the PSE and 8 patients (5.3%) were in the non-PSE group (P = 0.00). The frequency of laryngospasm during anesthesia (P = 0.03) and hypersecretions in the recovery room (P = 0.00) were significantly increased in the PSE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and who undergo general anesthesia seem to have an increased risk of respiratory complications in the recovery period rather than during anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe/Kocaeli 41380, Turkey. hostentulay@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tulay Hosten
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Seyidov
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elemen
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tugay
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toker
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution