title: Impact of prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide and permethrin on 36-month neurodevelopment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent pesticide-monitoring results suggest that a shift in residential pesticide exposure from organophosphorus insecticides to pyrethroid insecticides has occurred. Pyrethroid insecticides are potential neurodevelopmental toxicants and have not been evaluated for developmental toxicity. Our objective was to explore the association between prenatal exposure to permethrin (a common pyrethroid) and piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid synergist) and 36-month neurodevelopment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants is this study were part of a prospective cohort of black and Dominican mothers and newborns living in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We examined 36-month cognitive and motor development (using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition) as a function of permethrin levels measured in maternal and umbilical cord plasma collected on delivery and permethrin and piperonyl butoxide levels measured in personal air collected during pregnancy. All models were controlled for gender, gestational age, ethnicity, maternal education, maternal intelligence, quality of the home environment, and prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and chlorpyrifos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prenatal exposure to permethrin in personal air and/or plasma was not associated with performance scores for the Bayley Mental Developmental Index or the Psychomotor Developmental Index. After data adjustment, children more highly exposed to piperonyl butoxide in personal air samples (>4.34 ng/m(3)) scored 3.9 points lower on the Mental Developmental Index than those with lower exposures (95% confidence interval: -0.25 to -7.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide was negatively associated with 36-month neurodevelopment.
authors.affiliation: Sergievsky Center, New York, NY, USA. mh2180@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Megan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Camann
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boyd Barr
authors.forename: Virginia A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Whyatt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000009:adverse effects; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide