title: Three years of paediatric regulation in the European Union.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the Paediatric Regulation has already succeeded in addressing the needs of the paediatric population both quantitatively with respect to paediatric development plans and trials, and qualitatively with respect to the content of the plans. The Paediatric Regulation No 1901/2006 entered into force in Europe on 26 January 2007, with the aim to improve the development of medicinal products, to address the lack of age-appropriate formulations and to provide information on efficacy, safety and dosing for the paediatric population. The Regulation requires applications for marketing authorisations to be accompanied by either a product-specific waiver or a paediatric investigation plan, to be agreed by the Paediatric Committee (PDCO) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of the applications for Paediatric Investigation Plans (PIPs) and Waivers submitted to the EMA, from 2007 until end of 2009, was performed. The content of scientific opinions adopted by the Paediatric Committee was compared to the proposals submitted by industry, and the paediatric clinical trials registered in the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials (EudraCT) database were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increasing paediatric medicine development can be expected following the adoption of this legal framework. The highest number of PIPs was in the fields of endocrinology (13.4%), oncology (11%) and infectious (10.8%) and cardiovascular diseases (7.1%), but most therapeutic areas now benefit from paediatric development. A large number of PIPs include measures for the development of age-appropriate formulations (23%), and most include studies on dosing, efficacy and safety to cover the respective paediatric subsets, including the mostly neglected neonates (26%). In many proposals (38%), however, the PDCO had to request major modifications to the proposed PIPs to ensure that the results will meet the needs, in particular by requesting better methodology. The proportion of paediatric trials as a percentage of all clinical trials has moderately increased (from 8.2 to 9.4% of all trials), and this may reflect the fact that paediatric trials are generally deferred (82%) until after adult development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first analysis of the general impact of the Paediatric Regulation on the development of medicinal products in Europe. Three years after the implementation of the Paediatric Regulation, we were able to identify that the PIPs address the main gaps in knowledge on paediatric medicines. The key objective of the Paediatric Regulation, namely, the availability of medicines with age-appropriate information, is going to be achieved. It is clear also that modifications of the initial proposals as requested by the PDCO are necessary to ensure the quality of paediatric developments. The impact on the number of clinical trials performed remains modest at this point in time, and it will be of high interest to monitor this performance indicator, which will also inform us whether paediatric medicine research takes place in Europe or elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Medicines, Human Medicines Special Areas Sector, European Medicines Agency, 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK.
authors.forename: Thorsten M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Olski
authors.forename: Simona F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lampus
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gherarducci
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saint Raymond
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations