title: A molecular signature of an arrest of descent in human parturition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to identify the molecular basis of an arrest of descent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human myometrium was obtained from women in term labor (TL; n = 29) and arrest of descent (AODes; n = 21). Gene expression was characterized using Illumina HumanHT-12 microarrays. A moderated Student t test and false discovery rate adjustment were applied for analysis. Confirmatory quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot were performed in an independent sample set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred genes were differentially expressed between women with an AODes compared with those with TL. Gene Ontology analysis indicated enrichment of biological processes and molecular functions related to inflammation and muscle function. Impacted pathways included inflammation and the actin cytoskeleton. Overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor-1a, interleukin -6, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in AODes was confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified a stereotypic pattern of gene expression in the myometrium of women with an arrest of descent. This represents the first study examining the molecular basis of an arrest of descent using a genome-wide approach.
authors.affiliation: Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Adi L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tarca
authors.forename: Sorin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Draghici
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Nhan-Chang
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hotra
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusanovic
authors.forename: Deug-Chan
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chong Jai
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sonia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric