title: No effect of 2008/09 seasonal influenza vaccination on the risk of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza infection in England.
abstract: This study reports effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) against confirmed pandemic influenza infection in England using a retrospective test-negative case-control study. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age, swabbing-week and region. On univariable and multivariable analysis adjusted for underlying clinical risk factors, cases were no more or less likely than controls to be vaccinated with 2008-09 or 2007-08 season TIV. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness for the former was -6% (-43% to 22%). Vaccine effectiveness did not differ significantly by age-group or hospitalisation status. There was no evidence prior vaccination with TIV significantly altered subsequent risk of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 infection.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, UK. Richard.Pebody@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pebody
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waight
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malkani
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines