title: Celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: clinical and HLA-genotyping results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased prevalence of celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATD) in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) has been widely reported. Such an association may lead to adverse effects on the growth, bone metabolism and fertility, and response to therapy may become difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical findings and HLA typing results in patients with T1D associated with CD or ATD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association of CD and ATD was evaluated in 38 children with T1D aged 1.5-16.8 years who had been followed for 48.3±28 months. Diagnosis of CD was based on positivity for serum endomysial IgA antibody and histopathological findings of intestinal biopsy specimens. Thyroid autoimmunity was assessed by antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and with diagnostic ultrasonographic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATD was detected in 31.5%, and CD-in 7.8% of T1D patients. Subjects with CD showed either no symptoms or suggestive problems such as short stature, hepatosteatosis, pubertal delay and difficulties in the control of diabetes. Patients with ATD had no clinical symptoms. DQ8 was the most prominent finding in CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is essential that patients with T1D, regardless of presence or absence of symptoms, should be investigated for CD and ATD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey. aycaergur@superonline.com
authors.forename: Ayça Törel
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ergür
authors.forename: Gönül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oçal
authors.forename: Merih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berberoğlu
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adıyaman
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sıklar
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aycan
authors.forename: Olcay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Evliyaoğlu
authors.forename: Aydan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kansu
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Girgin
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ensari
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens