title: Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor and tumor necrosis factor-α is correlated in bladder tumor and is related to tumor angiogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenesis is a pivotal process on which solid tumor growth is substantially dependent. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is the most potent natural anti-angiogenic factor, which has seldom been studied in bladder tumor, and whose functioning pathway remains unclear. We have thus investigated PEDF expression in relation to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and microvessel density (MVD) with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibodies of PEDF and TNF-α were examined by Western blotting before immunohistochemistry. Sixty-four urothelial tumor sections and 23 normal controls were stained and expression of PEDF, TNF-α, and MVD were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreased PEDF expression and increased TNF-α expression was noticed in tumorous tissue compared with healthy urothelium. Lower PEDF expression was related to higher tumor grade but stage. Increased TNF-α expression was noticed in recurrent, larger tumors as well as in tumors with progression in grade and stage. Expression of PEDF and TNF-α was correlated in bladder tumor. PEDF or TNF-α was correlated with MVD negatively or positively, respectively, in cancerous tissue and tumorous grouping without correlation in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expressional change of PEDF and TNF-α is in relation to angiogenesis of bladder tumor, especially in bladder cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Pao-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yuan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hao-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015843:Serpins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005136:Eye Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor