title: NDRG2-mediated Modulation of SOCS3 and STAT3 Activity Inhibits IL-10 Production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a member of the NDRG gene family. Our previous report indicated a possible role for NDRG2 in regulating the cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is an important immunosuppressive cytokine. Several pathways, including p38-MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT, are used for IL-10 production, and the JAK/STAT pathway can be inhibited in a negative feedback loop by the inducible protein, SOCS3. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NDRG2 gene expression on IL-10 signaling pathway that is modulated via SOCS3 and STAT3.
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated NDRG2-overexpressing U937 cell line (U937-NDRG2) and treated the cells with PMA to investigate the role of NDRG2 in IL-10 production. U937 cells were also transfected with SOCS3- or NDRG2-specific siRNAs to examine whether the knockdown of SOCS3 or NDRG2 influenced IL-10 expression. Lastly, STAT3 and SOCS3 induction was measured to identify the signaling pathway that was associated with IL-10 production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR and ELISA assays showed that IL-10 was increased in U937-mock cells upon stimulation with PMA, but IL-10 was inhibited by overexpression NDRG2. After PMA treatment, STAT3 phosphorylation was decreased in a time-dependent manner in U937-mock cells, whereas it was maintained in U937-NDRG2 cells. SOCS3 was markedly reduced in U937-NDRG2 cells compared with U937-mock cells. IL-10 production after PMA stimulation was reduced in U937 cells when SOCS3 was inhibited, but this effect was less severe when NDRG2 was inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NDRG2 expression modulates SOCS3 and STAT3 activity, eventually leading to the inhibition of IL-10 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Diseases, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Byul
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Aeyung
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyeongah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyeree
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim