title: Adapting spa typing for national laboratory-based surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Laboratory-based surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) monitors the baseline occurrence of different genotypes and identifies strains and transmission chains responsible for outbreaks. The consequences of substituting pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with spa typing as a first-line typing method were analyzed by typing 589 strains isolated between 1997 and 2006, with a focus on both short- and long-term correspondence between the PFGE and spa typing results. The study, covering these ten years, included all Finnish MRSA blood isolates and representatives of the two most prevalent MRSA strains (PFGE types FIN-4 and FIN-16) in Finland. In addition, all sporadic isolates from 2006 were included. spa typing was more expensive but approximately four times faster to perform than PFGE. Nearly 90% of FIN-4 and FIN-16 isolates showed consistent spa types, t172 and t067, respectively. spa typing predicted the PFGE result of the blood isolates by a Wallace coefficient of 0.9009, recognized internationally successful strains (t041, t067) to be common also in Finland, and identified a separate cluster of isolates, also related in time and place among the FIN-4 strains. Additional typing by another method was needed to provide adequate discrimination or to characterize isolates with a newly recognized spa type in Finland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland. anni.vainio@thl.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virolainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vuopio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmenlinna
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005387:Finland; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors