title: Field histology: Point-of-care microscopic technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard histology services in geographically remote areas are often not available or have long turn-around time, resulting in delayed diagnosis or inappropriate treatment due to incomplete diagnostic data. The use of rapid tissue processing and a portable microtome technique may offer timely, point-of-care histologic diagnosis to patients in a low resources setting, such as medical missions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present an alternative to the conventional histologic processing that will permit point-of-care histopathology service.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 21 tissue samples from a variety of sites were collected and subjected to a protocol of rapid manual tissue processing, lightweight portable field microtome sectioning, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The histologic preparations were evaluated for diagnostic quality. The scoring of the preparations was based on completeness and uniformity of the sections, integrity of architectural features, cytologic detail, staining quality, and overall adequacy for diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic quality microscopic slides were obtained from each of the 21 samples that included lesions of the skin, uterus, colon, and breast. The average preparation time, including routine hematoxylin-eosin staining, was 1.5 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We validated a point-of-care field histology technique that will be useful in settings of low resources, such as medical missions. Actual field testing of the procedure with special staining for fungi and acid-fast bacilli is the next step in the validation of the methodology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Queen’s Medical Center, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Kaumakaokalani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bryant-Greenwood
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namiki
mesh_terms: D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D010336:Pathology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems