title: [Adaptation in the small intestine: Effect of minimal enteral nutrition and probiotics on proliferation and apoptosis in the intestinal wall].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intestinal wall integrity is central to the barrier function and depends on the balance of proliferation/apoptosis. Short bowel (SB) or Parenteral Nutrition (PN) induce high bacterial translocation (BT) probably by the intestinal barrier bug. Probiotics or minimal enteral nutrition (MEN) have reduced BT in animal models.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine in two BT animal models (SB or PN) the effect of MEN or probiotics on proliferation and apoptosis rates of the intestinal wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups: 1) PN (N = 23): parenteral nutrition; 2) PNMEN (N = 16): PN + MEN (2.9 g/100 g/day standard diet); 3) RES (N = 15): 80% bowel resection and standard oral diet; 4) RESPROB (N = 17): RES + probiotics (7 X 10(9) CFU Bifidobacterium lactis). After 10 days in metabolic cages, mesenteryc lymph nodes, portal blood and peripheral blood were cultured. By immunohistochemistry, proliferation and apoptosis index were calculated as well as the proliferation-apoptosis rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BT: decreased in PNMEN (45%) and RESPROB groups (35%) versus PN (65%) and RES (67%) groups (p<0.05). Proliferation index: was better in PNMEN (12,07) and RESPROB (13,93) groups than PN (7,45) and RES (5,54) groups. (p</0.05). Apoptosis index: PNMEN group had 7,81 and PN group 14,90. (p<0,05). Proliferation-apoptosis rate: was higher in PNMEN (1,54) and RESPROB (1,67) groups than PN (0,50) ans RES (0,71) groups. (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MEN and probiotics reduce BT and improve cellular renewal by encouraging the proliferation. MEN also prevents apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián. ignacio.eizaguirre@osakidetza.net
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eizaguirre
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García Urkia
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hijona
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García Arenzana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bachiller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aldazabal
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy