title: The concept of ventricular reserve in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: an old metric that brings us one step closer in our quest for prediction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ventricular reserve is emerging a strong predictor of outcome in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. Ventricular reserve is the term used to describe the extent of increase or change in ventricular function that occurs during exercise or pharmacological stress (typically with dobutamine).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interest in ventricular reserve lies in its ability to assess viability in coronary artery disease, to predict clinical outcome and response to therapy in patients with heart failure and to screen patients for early cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this paper, we will review the emerging role of ventricular reserve in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. We will also explore the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of impaired ventricular reserve and discuss future directions of research in the field.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Palo Alto, California, USA. fhaddad@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vrtovec
authors.forename: Euan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: Haissam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Andre Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Denault
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004280:Dobutamine; D005080:Exercise Test; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011379:Prognosis; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014022:Tissue Survival; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D004280:Dobutamine