title: Development of a strategy and process parameters for a green process in counter-current chromatography: purification of tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge as a case study.
abstract: A strategy for the development of a green process using counter-current chromatography technology is presented in this paper. The strategy began with solvent system selection, followed by linear scale-up from an analytical to a preparative process with optimized operating parameters. A two-stage separation using a multi-injection method was performed with a solvent system of hexane-dichloromethane-methanol-water (4:0.75:4:1) for the 1st stage and a hexane-ethanol-water (4:2:2) for the 2nd stage. A 191.8 mg of tanshinone IIA was purified, with a 97% purity and 34.4% recovery and a 276.7 mg of cryptotanshinone was separated, with a 95% purity and 31.8% recovery from 2.1g of crude extract. Process parameters (throughput, efficiency, environmental risk factor and general process evaluation) and mass factors (mass intensity, separation mass efficiency and greenness) of a target were developed for monitoring of the counter-current chromatography process.
authors.affiliation: Modern Engineering Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ignatova
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qionglin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guoan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu Jun
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C021751:tanshinone; C037886:cryptotanshinone