title: Geographic distribution of dementia mortality: elevated mortality rates for black and white Americans by place of birth.
abstract: We hypothesized that patterns of elevated stroke mortality among those born in the United States Stroke Belt (SB) states also prevailed for mortality related to all-cause dementia or Alzheimer Disease. Cause-specific mortality (contributing cause of death, including underlying cause cases) rates in 2000 for United States-born African Americans and whites aged 65 to 89 years were calculated by linking national mortality records with population data based on race, sex, age, and birth state or state of residence in 2000. Birth in a SB state (NC, SC, GA, TN, AR, MS, or AL) was cross-classified against SB residence at the 2000 Census. Compared with those who were not born in the SB, odds of all-cause dementia mortality were significantly elevated by 29% for African Americans and 19% for whites born in the SB. These patterns prevailed among individuals who no longer lived in the SB at death. Patterns were similar for Alzheimer Disease-related mortality. Some non-SB states were also associated with significant elevations in dementia-related mortality. Dementia mortality rates follow geographic patterns similar to stroke mortality, with elevated rates among those born in the SB. This suggests important roles for geographically patterned childhood exposures in establishing cognitive reserve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. mglymour@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Glymour
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosheleva
authors.forename: Virginia G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Wadley
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manly
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People