title: Investigation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 gene polymorphisms in symptomatic gallstone disease.
abstract: Gallstone disease (GSD), which is increasingly prevalent in Taiwan, develops through a complex process involving genetic, environmental, and immune factors. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) limits T-cell proliferation. The present study looked for associations between symptomatic GSD and polymorphisms of the CTLA4 gene. For this case-control cross-sectional study among Taiwanese, 275 patients with symptomatic GSD and 852 controls were enrolled. Genotyping of CTLA4-318 C/T, +49 A/G, and CT60 A/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting or with Haploview 4.1 software. Genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype frequencies of the CTLA4 SNPs studied were equally distributed in symptomatic GSD patients and controls. No significant associations between symptomatic GSD and these 3 SNPs were observed. Our data suggest that CTLA4-318 C/T, +49 A/G, and CT60 A/G SNPs do not confer increased susceptibility to symptomatic GSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shou-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Horng-Woei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tzu-Yang
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuang-Chun
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shih-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chiung-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chien-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Horng-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yann-Jinn
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human