title: The use of nonpharmacological methods for children's postoperative pain relief: Singapore nurses' perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' use of nonpharmacological methods for school-age children's postoperative pain relief.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was conducted in 2008 with a convenience sample of 134 registered nurses from 7 pediatric wards in Singapore.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses who were younger, had less education, lower designation, less working experience, and no children of their own used nonpharmacological methods less frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses need training and education on nonpharmacological pain relief methods, particularly on methods that have been shown to be effective in prior research but that were less often used by nurses in this study: massage, thermal regulation, imagery, and positive reinforcement.
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. nurhhg@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Hong-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Tat-Leang
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Riawati
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jahja
authors.forename: Rajammal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinnappan
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vehviläinen-Julkunen
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pölkki
authors.forename: Emily Neo Kim
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Ang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012846:Singapore; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires