title: Nutritional compounds influence tissue factor expression and inflammation of chronic kidney disease patients in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nutritional compounds that potentially limit inflammation and tissue factor expression may decrease the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated cardiovascular disease. This project aimed to determine the effect of curcumin, bovine colostrum, and fish oil on inflammatory cytokine and tissue factor procoagulant activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CKD before dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with CKD before dialysis (n = 13) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 12) were cultured alone and with low and high doses of the nutritional compounds for 24 h. Cells were cultured with and without lipopolysaccharide. Supernatants were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-1β, C-reactive protein, and tissue factor procoagulant activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The production of C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, and IL-1β by PBMCs was inhibited by low- and high-dose fish oil in the CKD group (P < 0.05). Curcumin decreased secretion of IL-6 (P = 0.015) and IL-1 β (P = 0.016). Curcumin was more effective than colostrum at decreasing the procoagulant activity of PBMCs in the CKD and control groups (P < 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fish oil decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion from CKD PBMCs. In addition, the beneficial effects of curcumin were demonstrated in decreasing inflammation in vitro, often to a similar magnitude as fish oil.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia. Cecilia.Shing@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shing
authors.forename: Murray J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fassett
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coombes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003126:Colostrum; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005395:Fish Oils; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013925:Thromboplastin; D003474:Curcumin