title: Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with low-energy distal radius fractures: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with hip fractures, but the relationship has not been explored for distal radius fractures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) status in low-energy distal radius fracture patients and a group of matched controls, and examine whether observed differences in s-25(OH)D between patients and controls would remain after adjusting for bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), and smoking history.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 575 female and 72 male low-energy distal radius fracture patients (50-90 years) and 534 female and 52 male matched controls were included. The primary measure was levels of vitamin D. Secondary measures were BMD assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMI and smoking history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean s-25(OH)D was 66.5nmol/L in female patients and 78.7nmol/L in controls (p<0.001). The corresponding figures in men were 64.5 and 77.0nmol/L (p=0.017). In adjusted conditional logistic regression analyzes, s-25(OH)D <50nmol/L (OR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.47-3.64, p<0.001), and 50-75 (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.47, p=0.005) were associated with distal radius fractures in women. s-25(OH)D <50nmol/L (OR=6.27, 95% CI: 1.17-33.66, p=0.032) was associated with distal radius fractures in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with low-energy distal radius fractures in both women and men. Differences in vitamin D levels are independent of BMD, BMI or smoking history.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. jannike.oyen@kir.uib.no
authors.forename: Jannike
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: Ellen Margrete
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Apalset
authors.forename: Clara Gram
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gjesdal
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brudvik
authors.forename: Stein Atle
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.forename: Leiv M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hove
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D