title: Immune responses and protection of Aotus monkeys immunized with irradiated Plasmodium vivax sporozoites.
abstract: A non-human primate model for the induction of protective immunity against the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax malaria using radiation-attenuated P. vivax sporozoites may help to characterize protective immune mechanisms and identify novel malaria vaccine candidates. Immune responses and protective efficacy induced by vaccination with irradiated P. vivax sporozoites were evaluated in malaria-naive Aotus monkeys. Three groups of six monkeys received two, five, or ten intravenous inoculations, respectively, of 100,000 irradiated P. vivax sporozoites; control groups received either 10 doses of uninfected salivary gland extract or no inoculations. Immunization resulted in the production low levels of antibodies that specifically recognized P. vivax sporozoites and the circumsporozoite protein. Additionally, immunization induced low levels of antigen-specific IFN-γ responses. Intravenous challenge with viable sporozoites resulted in partial protection in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the Aotus monkey model may be able to play a role in preclinical development of P. vivax pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. alejovi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jordán-Villegas
authors.forename: Anilza Bonelo
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Perdomo
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: María R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Fabián
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arévalo-Herrera
authors.forename: Sócrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D016645:Aotidae; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma