title: Microarray analysis on human neuroblastoma cells exposed to aluminum, β(1-42)-amyloid or the β(1-42)-amyloid aluminum complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A typical pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the appearance in the brain of senile plaques made up of β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles. AD is also associated with an abnormal accumulation of some metal ions, and we have recently shown that one of these, aluminum (Al), plays a relevant role in affecting Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, employing a microarray analysis of 35,129 genes, we investigated the effects induced by the exposure to the Aβ(1-42)-Al (Aβ-Al) complex on the gene expression profile of the neuronal-like cell line, SH-SY5Y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microarray assay indicated that, compared to Aβ or Al alone, exposure to Aβ-Al complex produced selective changes in gene expression. Some of the genes selectively over or underexpressed are directly related to AD. A further evaluation performed with Ingenuity Pathway analysis revealed that these genes are nodes of networks and pathways that are involved in the modulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis as well as in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aβ-Al appears to be largely involved in the molecular machinery that regulates neuronal as well as synaptic dysfunction and loss. Aβ-Al seems critical in modulating key AD-related pathways such as glutamatergic transmission, Ca(2+) homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gatta
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fincati
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalle Carbonare
authors.forename: Stefano L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sensi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zatta
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000535:Aluminum; D002118:Calcium