title: The suppression of prion propagation using poly-L-lysine by targeting plasminogen that stimulates prion protein conversion.
abstract: Poly-l-lysine (PLL), a homopolymer of amino acid l-lysine (LL), has been frequently used for drug delivery. Here, we report that PLL is an effective agent to inhibit propagation of prions that cause fatal and incurable neurologic disorders in humans and animals, termed prion diseases. In our recent investigation on prion propagation facilitated by conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP) to the misfolded, disease-associated PrP (PrP(Sc)), we demonstrated that plasminogen stimulates PrP conversion as a cellular cofactor. In the current study, we targeted plasminogen using PLL and assessed its anti-prion efficacy. The results showed that PLL strongly inhibited PrP(Sc) propagation in the cell-free, cell culture, and mouse models of prion disease. These results confirm the role of plasminogen in PrP(Sc) propagation, validates plasminogen as a therapeutic target to combat prion disease, and suggests PLL as a potential anti-prion agent. Therefore, our study represents a proof-of-concept that targeting plasminogen, a cofactor for PrP conversion, using PLL results in suppression of prion propagation, which represents a successful translation of our understanding on details of prion propagation into a potential therapeutic strategy for prion diseases.
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 S. Limestone St. Lexington, KY 40536, USA. cryou2@email.uky.edu
authors.forename: Chongsuk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ryou
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Titlow
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mays
authors.forename: Younsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Sehun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011328:Prions / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018621:PrPC Proteins; D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D011328:Prions; D011107:Polylysine; D010958:Plasminogen