title: Plasmodium vivax sporozoite production in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes for vaccine clinical trials.
abstract: Vaccine development for Plasmodium vivax malaria is underway. A model to assess the protective efficacy of vaccine candidates in humans is urgently needed. Given the lack of continuous P. vivax cultures, we developed a system to infect Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes using blood from P. vivax-infected patients and determined parameters for challenge of malaria-naive volunteers by mosquito bite. Absence of co-infections in parasitized blood was confirmed by tests consistent with blood bank screening. A total of 119 experiments were conducted using batches of 900-4,500 mosquitoes fed by an artificial membrane feeding method. Optimal conditions for mosquito probing and infection were determined. Presence of oocyst and sporozoites were assessed on Days 7-8 and 14-15, respectively, and conditions to choose batches of infected mosquitoes for sporozoite challenge were established. Procedures to infect volunteers took a 2-hour period including verification of inoculum dose. Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes represent a valuable resource for P. vivax sporozoite challenge of volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. ysolarte@inmuno.org
authors.forename: Yezid
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Solarte
authors.forename: María R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arévalo-Herrera
authors.forename: Sócrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000097:blood* / Q000469:parasitology; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017780:Malaria Vaccines