title: Characterizing the composition of underarm and forearm skin using confocal raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Many studies have reported differences in skin composition as a function of body site and age. However, rarely has axilla (underarm) skin been included in these studies. This report highlights the results of a clinical study where confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to assess the differences between underarm and volar forearm skin. In the reported study, the concentration of natural moisturizing factor (NMF), urea, lactic acid, cholesterol, trans urocanic acid (t-UCA) and ceramide 3 (N-octadecanoyl-phytosphingosine) was evaluated as a function of depth, body site (underarm vs. forearm) and age. Two age groups of women were included: (i) between 20 and 30 years and (ii) older than 55 years (post-menopause). The levels of cholesterol, ceramide 3 and lactic acid were highest in the underarm regardless of the age group whereas the forearm contained higher amounts of NMF. Ceramide 3, urea and lactic acid were significantly lower for women 55 years or older in the underarm. No age-related differences were detected within the forearm site..
authors.affiliation: Colgate Palmolive Company, 909 River Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick-Liverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D002518:Ceramides / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D014560:Urocanic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents; D019344:Lactic Acid; D014508:Urea; D002784:Cholesterol; D014560:Urocanic Acid