title: Propyl gallate synthesis using acidophilic tannase and simultaneous production of tannase and gallic acid by marine Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032.
abstract: Marine Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032, recently reported by us, produce acidophilic tannase as extracellular enzyme. Here, we report the application of this enzyme for synthesis of propyl gallate by direct transesterification of tannic acid and in tea cream solubilisation besides the simultaneous production of gallic acid along with tannase under submerged fermentation by this fungus. This acidophilic tannase enabled synthesis of propyl gallate by direct transesterification of tannic acid using propanol as organic reaction media under low water conditions. The identity of the product was confirmed with thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was noted that 699 U/ml of enzyme could give 60% solubilisation of tea cream within 1 h. Enzyme production medium was optimized adopting Box-Behnken design for simultaneous synthesis of tannase and gallic acid. Process variables including tannic acid, sodium chloride, ferrous sulphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, incubation period and agitation were recognized as the critical factors that influenced tannase and gallic acid production. The model obtained predicted 4,824.61 U/ml of tannase and 136.206 μg/ml gallic acid after 48 h of incubation, whereas optimized medium supported 5,085 U/ml tannase and 372.6 μg/ml of gallic acid production after 36 and 84 h of incubation, respectively, with a 15-fold increase in both enzyme and gallic acid production. Results indicated scope for utilization of this acidophilic tannase for transesterification of tannic acid into propyl gallate, tea cream solubilisation and simultaneous production of gallic acid along with tannase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Microbial Technology Laboratory, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022, Kerala, India. beena.santhosh@gmail.com
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Beena
authors.forename: Soorej M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Basheer
authors.forename: Sarita G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bahkali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001628:Beverages; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004951:Esterification; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005511:Food Handling; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005707:Gallic Acid; D011435:Propyl Gallate; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C022711:tannase