title: GCMS-based metabolomic study in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolomics provides data about all the metabolic processes of a cell or organism. So far, the changes that occur in the levels of metabolites during the development of colitis have not been fully elucidated. Here we examined the changes of metabolite levels in the serum and colon tissue of colitis mice using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with the aim of achieving a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  To induce colitis, C57BL/6J mice were administered 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water for 5 days and were subsequently given drinking water alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 and 92 metabolites were detected in serum and colon tissue, respectively, and among the metabolites the compositions of TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids changed depending on the degree of colitis. Then, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), a multiple classification analysis, showed distinct clustering and clear separation of the groups according to the degree of colitis. Furthermore, PLS-DA loadings plots revealed that succinic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, glutamic acid, and glutamine were the main contributors to the separation of each stage of colitis. In addition, it was revealed that supplementation with glutamine, the level of which was significantly decreased in the acute phase of colonic inflammation, attenuated colitis induced by DSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that metabolomics is capable of representing the various degrees of colitis, and our findings will aid in the discovery of therapeutic agents for IBD and other inflammatory disorders by metabolomic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiumi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshie
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furumatsu
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kutsumi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005973:Glutamine; D016264:Dextran Sulfate