title: Short term effect of hubble-bubble smoking on voice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the short term effect of hubble-bubble smoking on voice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen non-dysphonic subjects (seven men and 11 women) with a history of hubble-bubble smoking and no history of cigarette smoking underwent acoustic analysis and laryngeal video-stroboscopic examination before and 30 minutes after hubble-bubble smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On laryngeal video-stroboscopy, none of the subjects had vocal fold erythema either before or after smoking. Five patients had mild vocal fold oedema both before and after smoking. After smoking, there was a slight increase in the number of subjects with thick mucus between the vocal folds (six, vs four before smoking) and with vocal fold vessel dilation (two, vs one before smoking). Acoustic analysis indicated a drop in habitual pitch, fundamental frequency and voice turbulence index after smoking, and an increase in noise-to-harmonics ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even 30 minutes of hubble-bubble smoking can cause a drop in vocal pitch and an increase in laryngeal secretions and vocal fold vasodilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. alhamdan@svclb.com
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sibai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mahfoud
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oubari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashkar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuleihan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004487:Edema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D004890:Erythema / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D049489:Stroboscopy / Q000379:methods; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult