title: Effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment used with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device in Class II patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the dental, skeletal, and soft tissue effects of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment combined with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) in Class II patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two Class II patients (mean age 12.7 ± 1.2 years) were treated consecutively with the FRD protocol and compared with a matched sample of 27 untreated Class II subjects (mean age 12.8 ± 1.3 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken before therapy and at the completion of comprehensive therapy. The mean duration of comprehensive treatment was 2.4 ± 0.4 years. Statistical comparisons were carried out with the Student's t-test (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate was 87.5%. The FRD group showed a significant restraint in the sagittal skeletal position of the maxilla (also at the soft tissue level), a significant increase in mandibular length, and a significant improvement in maxillo-mandibular sagittal skeletal relationships. The treated group exhibited a significant reduction in overjet and a significant increase in molar relationship. The lower incisors were significantly proclined and intruded, while the lower first molars moved significantly in a mesial and vertical direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FRD protocol is effective in correcting Class II malocclusion with a combination of skeletal (mainly maxillary) and dentoalveolar (mainly mandibular) modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. lorenzo.franchi@unifi.it
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvetro
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giuntini
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masucci
authors.forename: Efisio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Defraia
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome