title: Measuring communicative performance with the FAPCI instrument: preliminary results from normal hearing and cochlear implanted children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop preliminary "growth curves" of Functioning after Pediatric Cochlear Implantation (FAPCI) scores using a cross-sectional sample of normal hearing children and to compare these curves to trajectories of FAPCI scores in children receiving cochlear implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantile regression was used to develop growth curves from the FAPCI scores of a cross-sectional sample of 82 normal hearing children (age range 7 months-5 years). Trajectories of FAPCI scores from a longitudinal cohort of 75 children with cochlear implants (age range 1-5 years) were compared to these growth curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FAPCI scores were positively associated with increasing age in normal hearing children with a rapid increase in scores observed at earlier ages followed by a plateau at age 3 years. FAPCI trajectories for cochlear-implanted children varied with age at implantation and did not reach a plateau until age 5-6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal hearing children demonstrated increasing FAPCI scores with age, and these preliminary growth curves allow for the interpretation of a cochlear-implanted child's FAPCI scores in comparison to normal hearing children. Additional research using a larger, longitudinal cohort of normal hearing children will be needed to develop definitive normative FAPCI trajectories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Nae-Yuh
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Niparko
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000601:surgery*; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States; D014705:Verbal Behavior