title: Problematic standard errors and confidence intervals for skewness and kurtosis.
abstract: Many statistics packages print skewness and kurtosis statistics with estimates of their standard errors. The function most often used for the standard errors (e.g., in SPSS) assumes that the data are drawn from a normal distribution, an unlikely situation. Some textbooks suggest that if the statistic is more than about 2 standard errors from the hypothesized value (i.e., an approximate value for the critical value from the t distribution for moderate or large sample sizes when α = 5%), the hypothesized value can be rejected. This is an inappropriate practice unless the standard error estimate is accurate and the sampling distribution is approximately normal. We show distributions where the traditional standard errors provided by the function underestimate the actual values, often being 5 times too small, and distributions where the function overestimates the true values. Bootstrap standard errors and confidence intervals are more accurate than the traditional approach, although still imperfect. The reasons for this are discussed. We recommend that if you are using skewness and kurtosis statistics based on the 3rd and 4th moments, bootstrapping should be used to calculate standard errors and confidence intervals, rather than using the traditional standard. Software in the freeware R for this article provides these estimates.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. dwright@fiu.edu
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Herrington
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001525:Behavioral Sciences / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results