title: Caries risk and periodontitis in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable variation in studies on the oral health of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aims of this investigation are to study the caries risk profile using the Cariogram computer program and the periodontal disease severity in patients with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 127 participants (54 test and 73 control) were included. Participants were asked about their general health and daily habits. Clinical examinations, radiographs, and salivary sampling were performed. Cariologic data were entered into the computer program for risk-profile illustration. The onset of CAD conditions was also documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, participants with CAD consumed less sugar, used fluoride toothpaste less frequently, and had significantly less favorable periodontal parameters (P <0.005). Generally, differences in cariologic parameters between the two groups were not significant. Significantly more participants with CAD exhibited low salivary-secretion rates than controls. The actual chance (percentage) of avoiding new cavities according to the Cariogram was low in the test and control groups (31% and 40%, respectively; P <0.05). Only gingival recession was correlated with the onset of CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Test and control groups had a relatively high caries risk. More severe periodontal disease was observed in participants with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hani T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Kindy
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosalli
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heijl
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000150:complications; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000150:complications; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D014100:Toothpastes; D005459:Fluorides