title: Implications of dimorphism, population variation, and secular change in estimating population affinity in the Iberian Peninsula.
abstract: Morphometric cranial variation among Spanish samples was compared to a 19th century Portuguese sample using both traditional and three-dimensional approaches. The Spanish samples included the regional 19th century Oloriz collection and the local 16-17th century Villanubla and Vallolid sample from northwestern Spain. Results suggest moderate variation among the samples and suggest that varying patterns of regional variation, sexual dimorphism and secular change represent important factors to be considered in the evaluation of population affinity using craniometric approaches.
authors.affiliation: NC State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Raleigh, NC 27695-8107, USA. ann_ross@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ubelaker
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kimmerle
mesh_terms: D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D002508:Cephalometry; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013030:Spain; D044465:White People / Q000266:history