title: Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to formulate practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Task Force consisted of Endocrine Society-appointed experts, a methodologist, and a medical writer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  One group meeting, several conference calls, and e-mail communications enabled consensus. Committees and members of The Endocrine Society, The European Society of Endocrinology, and The Pituitary Society reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of these guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practice guidelines are presented for diagnosis and treatment of patients with elevated prolactin levels. These include evidence-based approaches to assessing the cause of hyperprolactinemia, treating drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, and managing prolactinomas in nonpregnant and pregnant subjects. Indications and side effects of therapeutic agents for treating prolactinomas are also presented.
authors.affiliation: Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melmed
authors.forename: Felipe F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kleinberg
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Montori
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schlechte
authors.forename: John A H
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy