title: Optimal dose of propofol for intubation after sevoflurane inhalation without neuromuscular blocking agent in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to determine the optimal dose of propofol for excellent intubating conditions in children without neuromuscular blockade at various alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three children, aged 0.5-5 years, were randomized to three groups of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (ETsevo) 3%, 3.5%, and 4%. Inhalation anesthesia was started with sevoflurane 7% in 100% oxygen. When the patients became unconscious, inspired concentration was adjusted to obtain the target ETsevo for each group. When ETsevo reached the target concentration, a predetermined dose of propofol was given and tracheal intubation was performed. The proper dose of propofol was determined using the 'up-and-down' method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median dose (95% confidence intervals) of propofol for excellent tracheal intubating conditions in 50% of children were 1.25 mg/kg (0.84-1.75) at ETsevo of 3%, 0.76 mg/kg (0.35-1.21) at 3.5%, and 0.47 mg/kg (0.26-1.09) at 4%. The frequency of adverse effects was not different between groups during induction and recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol 1.5-2 mg/kg provides excellent intubating conditions at 3-4% ETsevo in children without using any neuromuscular blocking agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kil
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015742:Propofol