title: Using 0.45% saline solution and a modified dosing regimen for infusing N-acetylcysteine in children with paracetamol poisoning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration is recommended to all patients judged to be at risk of developing hepatotoxicity following paracetamol overdose. However, it has been shown that standard i.v. dosing can cause symptomatic hyponatraemia in children. We describe a case series using 0.45% NaCl plus 5% dextrose for infusing i.v. NAC in children with paracetamol poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of medical records of patients treated with NAC using 0.45% saline plus 5% dextrose, and a novel two-stage dosing regimen between January 2003 and July 2006 were undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 patients (20 male and 20 female) who received NAC in 0.45% sodium chloride (NaCl) with 5% dextrose were identified. Mean age was 9 years 6 months (95% CI 4 years 4 months to 15 years 1 month) and the range 3 months to 17 years. All patients had NAC infused in a two-stage infusion regimen (150 mg/kg bolus over 1 h followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/h for 20 h). The serum sodium was measured in all 40 patients with a mean of 140 (range of 133 to 152 mmol/L). Repeat sodium was measured in 35 cases, with a mean of 140 mmol/L (range from 134 to 149 mmol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the use of saline-containing solutions to administer NAC as an alternative to 5% dextrose, and suggest that a two-stage infusion regimen should be further investigated with prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia. ed.oakley@southernhealth.org.au
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Conor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deasy
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018718:Home Infusion Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D010343:Patient Admission; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000082:Acetaminophen; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose; D000111:Acetylcysteine