title: Survey results of pain treatments in adults with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to identify the types and frequencies of pain treatments used by individuals with cerebral palsy, examine the perceived effectiveness of these treatments, and identify the types of healthcare providers that were accessed for pain-related services.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 83 adults (mean [SD] age, 40.3 [13.6] yrs) with cerebral palsy indicated their pain location and intensity during the past 3 mos. Next, they indicated their use of 24 different pain treatments and the effectiveness of each. Finally, participants indicated the frequency of pain-related healthcare visits to specific providers over the past 6 mos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the participants, 63% reported experiencing chronic pain and rated their pain intensity over the past week as 5.1 of 10, on average. The most common pain locations were the lower back, hips, and legs. Physical interventions (e.g., physical therapy, strengthening) were the most common pain treatments reportedly used and were rated as moderately effective. Many other treatments were also used, and participants sought pain-related care from a variety of providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although participants reportedly accessed pain care from a variety of providers and perceived that several types of treatments were effective, many of the treatments rated as effective were rarely used or provided. Future research using clinical trial methods would further elucidate the specific pain treatments that are most beneficial for adults with cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Adam T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002684:Chiropractic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics