title: Adverse effect of pioglitazone in military personnel and their families: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) whether administered alone or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, or insulin, are often accompanied by an increase in weight and/or plasma volume. Several studies have shown the adverse effect of weight gain and edema with rosiglitazone. But there was less data with pioglitazone, especially in military personnel and their families.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors prospectively recorded the adverse events in 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent administration with pioglitazone 15 mg once daily between June 2005 to May 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain was reported in 30/40 of patients (75%). The mean weight gain was 2.25 +/- 2.23 kg and the median was 2 kg. The slightly lower proportion of patients, 21/40 (52.5%) developed edema and some of them were associated with weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in body weight and edema. This finding may lead to increase the risk of myocardial infarction in military personnel and their families, especially those who had underlying disease of congestive heart failure, which was not included in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thishnapha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vudhironarit
authors.forename: Yupin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benjasuratwong
authors.forename: Supen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patarakitvanit
authors.forename: Supatta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Temboonkiat
authors.forename: Nisamanee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satyapan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004487:Edema; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone