title: Recurrent leishmaniasis in kidney transplant recipients: report of 2 cases and systematic review of the literature.
abstract: The characteristics of 8 episodes of leishmaniasis with atypical manifestations in 2 Italian kidney transplant recipients are analyzed and contextualized among those of 52 other episodes of leishmaniasis observed in 19 transplant recipients found through a systematic review of the international literature. In all the patients, the initial episode was visceral leishmaniasis, which was associated with mucocutaneous involvement in 2 cases. With the exception of 1 case of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, 2 episodes of Leishmania endophthalmitis, and 3 episodes of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, all the recurrences were characterized by visceral involvement. The potential role of polymerase chain reaction in monitoring the infection, the importance of a long follow-up, the potential benefit of chemoprophylaxis, and the therapeutic challenges are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wissing
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Del Marmol
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remmelink
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nilufer Broeders
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nortier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbellino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abramowicz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cascio
mesh_terms: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007897:Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012008:Recurrence; D014059:Tongue / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan