title: Cellular functions of Ufd2 and Ufd3 in proteasomal protein degradation depend on Cdc48 binding.
abstract: The chaperone-related AAA ATPase Cdc48 (p97/VCP in higher eukaryotes) segregates ubiquitylated proteins for subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome or for nonproteolytic fates. The specific outcome of Cdc48 activity is controlled by the evolutionary conserved cofactors Ufd2 and Ufd3, which antagonistically regulate the substrates' ubiquitylation states. In contrast to the interaction of Ufd3 and Cdc48, the interaction between the ubiquitin chain elongating enzyme Ufd2 and Cdc48 has not been precisely mapped. Consequently, it is still unknown whether physiological functions of Ufd2 in fact require Cdc48 binding. Here, we show that Ufd2 binds to the C-terminal tail of Cdc48, unlike the human Ufd2 homologue E4B, which interacts with the N domain of p97. The binding sites for Ufd2 and Ufd3 on Cdc48 overlap and depend critically on the conserved residue Y834 but are not identical. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc48 mutants altered in residue Y834 or lacking the C-terminal tail are viable and exhibit normal growth. Importantly, however, loss of Ufd2 and Ufd3 binding in these mutants phenocopies defects of Δufd2 and Δufd3 mutants in the ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) and Ole1 fatty acid desaturase activation (OLE) pathways. These results indicate that key cellular functions of Ufd2 and Ufd3 in proteasomal protein degradation require their interaction with Cdc48.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández-Sáiz
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stapf
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchberger
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074405:Valosin Containing Protein
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C099944:DOA1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C000614177:CDC48 protein, S cerevisiae; C000614178:VCP protein, human; D000074405:Valosin Containing Protein; C114683:UFD2 protein, S cerevisiae