title: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effect of (S)-5-OH-DPAT following controlled delivery with transdermal iontophoresis.
abstract: The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the active (S)-enantiomer of the potent dopamine (DA) agonist 5-hydroxy-2-(N,N,-di-n-propylamino)tetralin (5-OH-DPAT) were investigated in a novel anesthetized animal model. First, the relationship between current density, in vivo transport, and plasma profile was characterized. Second, the effect of the anesthetic mixture, transdermal iontophoresis, and blood sampling on the striatal DA release (PD end point) was investigated. Third, the PK-PD relationship following transdermal iontophoresis was investigated during a controlled reversible pharmacological response. Given that striatal DA levels are unaltered during experimental procedures, this rat model can be used to investigate the PK-PD relationship. The in vivo flux was linearly correlated with the current density, indicating that drug delivery can be titrated by the current density. Following transdermal iontophoresis and intravenous infusion, a strong reversible effect was observed. Compartmental modeling showed that the relationship between plasma concentration and biomarker response is best characterized by an effect compartment, rather than an indirect response model. In addition, covariate analysis suggested that the delivery rate can affect the PD efficiency. Finally, PK-PD analysis revealed that steady delivery rates are translated into continuous dopaminergic stimulation. This can be of benefit for reducing side effects in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease with 5-OH-DPAT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oliver W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Ackaert
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Graan
authors.forename: Shanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vreeken
authors.forename: Oscar E Della
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Pasqua
authors.forename: Durk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: Ben H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Westerink
authors.forename: Meindert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danhof
authors.forename: Joke A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bouwstra
mesh_terms: D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004058:Diffusion; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007478:Iontophoresis; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; C011799:5-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin; D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; D007530:Isoflurane; D004298:Dopamine