title: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury stimulates inflammatory response and enzymatic activities in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.
abstract: Brain damage from neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) plays a major role in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Using the Rice-Vannucci model of HI in rats, we verified that 8 days after HI injury, adenosine deaminase (ADA), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities increased in the left hemisphere hippocampus (HI group); however, the activity of 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT) remained unchanged. In the hematoxylin-eosin analysis (HE), we detected selective and delayed degeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and astroglial reaction accompanied by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive and vimentin-positive in the immunohistochemistry analysis in the HI group compared with the control group. We observed the selective necrosis of neurons, vascular endothelial proliferation and inflammatory response accompanied by the increase of the key enzyme of adenosine metabolism in the HI group. The increase of ADA activity, despite the 5'NT activity was not altered, indicates the predominance of ADA activity in the postischemic homeostasis of extra cellular adenosine. The presence of leukocytes into the ischemic areas displays the possible importance of the neutrophil-macrophages associated with the increase of MPO and NAG activities 8 days after HI. These findings may contribute to the evaluation of some consequences of the damage caused by neonatal HI.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: De Bona
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bertoncheli
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.forename: S C A
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Da Luz
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moretto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase; D006596:Hexosaminidases