title: Traffic exposure in a population with high prevalence type 2 diabetes--do medications influence concentrations of C-reactive protein?
abstract: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and particulate air pollution are associated with inflammatory dysregulation. We assessed the modifying effects of diabetes medications on the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and traffic exposure in adults with T2D (n = 379). CRP concentrations were significantly positively associated with residence ≤100 m of a roadway, >100 m and ≤200 m of a roadway and increased traffic density for individuals using insulin. For individuals using oral hypoglycemic medications (OHAs), CRP was significantly negatively associated with residence >100 m - ≤200 m of a roadway and multiple roadway exposure in an interaction model. Among people with diabetes, individuals on insulin appear to be most vulnerable to the effects of traffic exposure. Disease severity among insulin users may promote the pro-inflammatory response to traffic exposure, though diabetes medications may also modify the response. Possible anti-inflammatory effects of OHAs with traffic exposure merit further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. christine.rioux@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brugge
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gute
authors.forename: Mkaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwamburi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002097:C-Reactive Protein