title: Bioreactors for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Engineering bone tissue for use in orthopaedics poses multiple challenges. Providing the appropriate growth environment that will allow complex tissues such as bone to grow is one of these challenges. There are multiple design factors that must be considered in order to generate a functional tissue in vitro for replacement surgery in the clinic. Complex bioreactors have been designed that allow different stress regimes such as compressive, shear, and rotational forces to be applied to three-dimensional (3D) engineered constructs. This review addresses these considerations and outlines the types of bioreactor that have been developed and are currently in use.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. a.j.el.haj@bemp.keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: El Haj
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cartmell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*