title: [Horseshoe kidney stones: benefit of flexible ureterorenoscopy with holmium laser].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aim to assess the outcome of the flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser in treating horseshoe kidney (HSK) stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed retrospectively the records of 18 patients with HSK stone (18 renal units) who underwent F-URS using holmium laser from December 2004 to October 2009. The mean age was 37.7±6.9 years. The F-URS used after the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) failure in eight patients (44.4%) and four patients (22.2%) had PCNL failure. The follow up visit range were between 4 and 6 weeks with plain radiograph (KUB) and renal ultrasound or non contrast computed tomography scan (NCCT). Success rate was defined as stone free or residual fragment less than 3 mm. Use of auxiliary procedures like ESWL were considered as treatment failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients, three females and 15 males with mean age was 37.7±6.9 years with HSK calculi underwent ureteroscopic management. The presenting symptoms were renal colic, urinary tract infection or hematuria. We found different HSK stone location (11 mixed calyceal, three mixed pelvic and calyceal and four pelvic). The average stone burden was 15.5±7.3 mm and the mean operative time was 112±9.4 minutes. All over procedures were 27, with mean average of 1.5 procedures per patient. The success rate was 89%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The F-URS with holmium laser is an efficient minimal invasive procedure in treating HSK stones.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Urologie, Hôpital Universitaire Tenon, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75010 Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chouaib
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Merlet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil-Diez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Traxer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018666:Ureteroscopy