title: A distance education course in statistics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the learning outcomes of an online, distance education course in statistics for doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lectures for the course were produced by the course faculty, converted into digital format (mp4), placed within the college's course management system, and video streamed to students. The course required students to interact with the course content using workbooks and simulations and with the instructor via VoIP examination reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A quasi-experimental study involving 4 groups of students was conducted. Second-year (P2) students were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups and asked to complete a precourse survey that contained: demographic information only (group 1); demographic items plus 10 items assessing statistics knowledge (group 2); or demographic items plus 20 items assessing statistics knowledge (group 3). At the end of the course, all students were given the same 20 items on the final examination (postcourse survey instrument). A control group consisting of randomly selected first-year (P1) students completed the 20-item precourse survey instrument. P1 and P2 students' scores on the 20-item precourse survey were not significantly different. Students who had taken a statistics course before entering the PharmD program scored higher on the precourse survey. P2 students in all 3 study groups had similar scores on the final examination (postcourse survey) (p = 0.43).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students can be taught the basic principles of statistics and how to use statistics to read the pharmacy and medical literature entirely online. This study has significant implications for how classes traditionally taught in the classroom might be taught at a distance using innovative instructional technologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida-Gainesville, FL, USA. doug.ried@swosu.edu
authors.forename: L Douglas
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ried
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003479:Curriculum; D020375:Education, Distance / Q000379:methods*; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000193:education*; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D055815:Young Adult