title: High-sensitivity visualisation of contaminants in heparin samples by spectral filtering of 1H NMR spectra.
abstract: A novel application of two-dimensional correlation analysis has been employed to filter (1)H NMR heparin spectra distinguishing acceptable natural variation and the presence of foreign species. Analysis of contaminated heparin samples, compared to a dataset of accepted heparin samples using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis of their 1-dimensional (1)H NMR spectra, allowed the spectral features of contaminants to be recovered with high sensitivity, without having to resort to more complicated NMR experiments. Contaminants, which exhibited features distinct from those of heparin and those with features normally hidden within the spectral mass of heparin could be distinguished readily. A heparin sample which had been pre-mixed with a known contaminant, oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), was tested against the heparin reference library. It was possible to recover the (1)H NMR spectrum of the OSCS component through difference 2D-COS power spectrum analysis of as little as 0.25% (w/w) with ease, and of 2% (w/w) for more challenging contaminants, whose NMR signals fell under those of heparin. The approach shows great promise for the quality control of heparin and provides the basis for greatly improved regulatory control for the analysis of heparin, as well as other intrinsically heterogeneous and varied products.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Via Giuseppe Colombo, 81 Milano 20133, Italy.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaudesi
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mulloy
authors.forename: Giangiacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torri
authors.forename: Helena B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: Edwin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006493:Heparin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates