title: Effect of aqueous and lipophilic mullet (Mugil cephalus) Bottarga extracts on the growth and lipid profile of intestinal Caco-2 cells.
abstract: The importance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake has long been recognized in human nutrition. Although health benefits, n-3 PUFA are subject to rapid and/or extensive oxidation during processing and storage, resulting in potential alteration in nutritional composition and quality of food. Bottarga, a salted and semi-dried mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) ovary product, is proposed as an important source of n-3 PUFA, having high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work, we investigated the extent of lipid oxidation of grated bottarga samples during 7 months of storage at -20 °C and room temperature under light exposure. Cell viability, lipid composition, and lipid peroxidation were measured in intestinal differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers after 6-48 h of incubation with lipid and hydrophilic extracts obtained from bottarga samples at different storage conditions. The storage of bottarga did not affect the n-3 PUFA level, but differences were observed in hydroperoxide levels in samples from different storage conditions. All tested bottarga extracts did not show a toxic effect on cell viability of differentiated Caco-2 cells. Epithelial cells incubated with bottarga oil had significant changes in fatty acid composition but not in cholesterol levels with an accumulation of EPA, DHA, and 22:5. Cell hydroperoxides were higher in treated cells, in relation to the oxidative status of bottarga oil. Moreover, the bottarga lipid extract showed an in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of a colon cancer cell line (undifferentiated Caco-2 cells).
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. anrosa@unica.it
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atzeri
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deiana
authors.forename: M Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loru
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Incani
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabboi
authors.forename: M Assunta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dessì
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis; D057141:Food, Preserved; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010053:Ovary / Q000737:chemistry; D023701:Smegmamorpha
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids