title: [Deimination or citrullination, a post-translational modification with many physiological and pathophysiological facets].
abstract: Deimination or citrullination, is a post-translational modification with many facets. It is involved in several basic cellular processes, including gene regulation, embryonic development and terminal differentiation, and also in various pathophysiological mechanisms linked to severe human diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Deimination, the calcium-dependent enzymatic conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline, induces a decrease in the charge of the modified proteins with major consequences on their conformation, stability and/or interactions, and therefore on their functions. Five isotypes of peptidylarginine deiminases (1-4 and 6), exist in humans with a variable tissue expression. These highly conserved enzymes are closely regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, probably including auto-deimination.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5165 CNRS/ Université Paul Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, place du Docteur Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. marie-claire.mechin@ udear.cnrs.fr
authors.forename: Marie-Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Méchin
authors.forename: Rachida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nachat
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coudane
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adoue
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serre
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D002956:Citrulline / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000201:enzymology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D000080065:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 6; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D002118:Calcium; D002843:Chromatin; D002956:Citrulline; D006867:Hydrolases; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D000080065:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 6; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases; C523190:PADI6 protein, mouse