title: Accumulation of sulfonamide resistance genes in arable soils due to repeated application of manure containing sulfadiazine.
abstract: Two soils were amended three times with pig manure. The abundance of sulfonamide resistance genes was determined by quantitative PCR 2 months after each application. In both soils treated with sulfadiazine-containing manure, the numbers of copies of sul1 and sul2 significantly increased compared to numbers after treatments with antibiotic-free manure or a control and accumulated with repeated applications.
authors.affiliation: Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Department of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heuer
authors.forename: Qodiah
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Solehati
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zimmerling
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleineidam
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schloter
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Focks
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thiele-Bruhn
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008372:Manure; D054892:Metagenome; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008372:Manure; C091882:Sul1 protein, E coli; C491369:Sul2 protein, bacteria; D013411:Sulfadiazine