title: Mid-trimester amniotic fluid interleukins (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-18) as possible predictors of preterm delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Strong evidence implicates chronic intraamniotic inflammation in the etiology of preterm delivery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-18 concentrations in women undergoing mid-trimester amniocentesis can identify those at risk for preterm labor or preterm rupture of membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted to compare mid-trimester concentrations of amniotic fluid IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-18 in women delivering at term or preterm. Out of 362 women included in the study, 38 presented with preterm labor. Thirty-eight women with term delivery, matched for chronological and gestational age served as controls. Women with abnormal fetal karyotypes or major anomalies were excluded. IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-18 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Conditional logistic regression was applied in the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1β was found to be positively and significantly associated with preterm delivery. Specifically, for every unit increase in IL-1β, women were on average 7.2 (OR: 7.2, CI: 1.94-26.77, p=0.003) times more likely to deliver preterm. IL-18 levels as well as gender were significantly associated with preterm delivery. Specifically, for every unit increase in IL-18, women were on average 1% less likely to have a preterm delivery (OR: 0.99, CI: 0.98-0.99, p=0.04). On the other hand, IL-10 was not significantly associated with preterm delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mid-trimester IL-1β concentrations are positively associated with preterm delivery. Therefore, IL-1β, determined on the occasion of mid-trimester amniocentesis could possibly serve as a marker of preterm delivery. In contrast, IL-10 and IL-18 concentrations are not elevated in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and probably cannot serve this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puchner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iavazzo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gourgiotis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutsikou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baka
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hassiakos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kouskouni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malamitsi-Puchner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Creatsas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D016015:Logistic Models; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016753:Interleukin-10