title: Infants versus older children fitted with cochlear implants: performance over 10 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of cochlear implants (CIs) in infants versus children operated at later age in term of spoken language skills and cognitive performances.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present prospective cohort study focuses on 19 children fitted with CIs between 2 and 11 months (X=6.4 months; SD=2.8 months). The results were compared with two groups of children implanted at 12-23 and 24-35 months. Auditory abilities were evaluated up to 10 years of CI use with: Category of Auditory Performance (CAP); Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-R); Test of Reception of Grammar (TROG) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR). Cognitive evaluation was performed using selected subclasses from the Griffiths Mental Development Scale (GMDS, 0-8 years of age) and Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (LIPS-R, 8-13 years of age).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infant group showed significantly better results at the CAP than the older children from 12 months to 36 months after surgery (p<.05). Infants PPVT-R outcomes did not differ significantly from normal hearing children, whereas the older age groups never reached the values of normal hearing peers even after 10 years of CI use. TROG outcomes showed that infants developed significantly better grammar skills at 5 and 10 years of follow up (p<.001). Scores for the more complex subtests of the GMDS and LIPS-R were significantly higher in youngest age group (p<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates improved auditory, speech language and cognitive performances in children implanted below 12 months of age compared to children implanted later.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, University of Verona, Italy. lillicolletti@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colletti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandalà
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zoccante
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colletti
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome