title: Lumbar disc degeneration induces persistent groin pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Prospective study of 212 patients with groin pain but without low back pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate discogenic groin pain without low back pain or radicular pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients feel low back pain originating from discogenic disease. It has been reported that the rat lower lumbar discs are innervated mainly by L2 dorsal root ganglion neurons. Thus, it is possible that patients feel referred groin pain corresponding to the L2 dermatome originating from intervertebral discs; however, the referred pain has not been fully clarified in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 5 patients with groin pain alone for investigation. The patients suffered from groin pain and showed disc degeneration only at 1 level (L4-L5 or L5-S1) on magnetic resonance imaging. Patients did not show any hip joint abnormality on radiography or magnetic resonance imaging. To prove that their groin pain originated in degenerated intervertebral discs, we evaluated changes in groin pain after infiltration of lidocaine into hip joints and examined pain provocation on discography, pain relief by anesthetic discoblock, and finally anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were negative for hip joint block, positive for pain provocation on discography, and positive for pain relief by anesthetic discoblock. Furthermore, bony union was achieved 1 year after anterior interbody fusion surgery in all patients, and visual analogue scale score of groin pain was significantly improved at 1 year after surgery in all patients (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study, we diagnosed discogenic groin pain, using magnetic resonance imaging, infiltration of lidocaine into the hip joint, pain provocation on discography, pain relief by anesthetic discoblock, and lumbar surgery. It is important to consider the existence of discogenic groin pain if patients do not show low back pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtori
authors.forename: Takana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koshi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaso
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Sumihisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orita
authors.forename: Yawara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Nobuyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuniyoshi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasuchika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamoda
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sainoh
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyone
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006119:Groin / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies