title: Immediate break-down of blood retinal barrier by infusion of triolein emulsion observed by fluorescein angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate immediate changes in the blood retinal barrier (BRB) after the infusion of triolein emulsion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triolein emulsion was infused into the carotid artery of 12 cats to induce experimental fat embolism. The injection of fluorescein dye into the carotid artery followed immediately. Early retinal vascular flow was recorded by a fluorescein angiography (FA) video, and then a FA photograph was obtained up to 30 min after the injection. Leakage of the dye in the choroidal or retinal vessels was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early phase, multifocal non-perfuse areas were noted in all cats due to embolism by triolein emulsion, which was released by blood perfusion in the late phase. Perfusion defects persisted in the retina of five cats and in the choroid of four cats. Leakage of the dye through the retinal vessels was seen in five cats (42%) in the early phase and in nine cats (75%) in the late phase. In the choroid, leakage of the dye was seen in seven cats (58%) in the early phase and in all cats (100%) in the late phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inner and outer BRB was opened immediately after infusion of triolein emulsion into the carotid artery. Embolism by triolein emulsion was readily resolved due to the liquid nature of triolein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
authors.forename: In Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hak Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Woon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Seon Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002415:Cats; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004620:Embolism, Fat / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004655:Emulsions; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D014304:Triolein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D014304:Triolein