title: In vivo viability of stored red blood cells derived from riboflavin plus ultraviolet light-treated whole blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel system using ultraviolet (UV) light and riboflavin (Mirasol System, CaridianBCT Biotechnologies) to fragment nucleic acids has been developed to treat whole blood (WB), aiming at the reduction of potential pathogen load and white blood cell inactivation. We evaluated stored red blood cell (RBC) metabolic status and viability, in vitro and in vivo, of riboflavin/UV light-treated WB (IMPROVE study).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study compared recovery and survival of RBCs obtained from nonleukoreduced WB treated using three different UV light energies (22, 33, or 44 J/mL(RBC)). After treatment, WB from 12 subjects was separated into components and tested at the beginning and end of component storage. After 42 days of storage, an aliquot of RBCs was radiolabeled and autologously reinfused into subjects for analysis of 24-hour recovery and survival of RBCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven subjects completed the in vivo study. No device-related adverse events were observed. By Day 42 of storage, a significant change in the concentrations of sodium and potassium was observed. Five subjects had a 24-hour RBC recovery of 75% or more with no significant differences among the energy groups. RBC t(1/2) was 24 ± 9 days for the combined three groups. Significant correlations between 24-hour RBC recovery and survival, hemolysis, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and CO(2) levels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that key RBC quality variables, hemolysis, and ATP concentration may be predictive of their 24-hour recovery and t(1/2) survival. These variables will now be used to assess modifications to the system including storage duration, storage temperature, and appropriate energy dose for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Hoxworth Blood Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA. jose.cancelas@uc.edu
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cancelas
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rugg
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: P Gayle
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: D Nicole
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Worsham
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marschner
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Raymond P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Goodrich
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D001769:Blood; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012256:Riboflavin