title: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy in early-stage endometrial cancer using an intrauterine manipulator: is it a bias for frozen section analysis? Case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the systematic use of an intrauterine manipulator influences the accuracy of frozen section analysis in early-stage endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred fourteen consecutive women with early-stage endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and December 2009, 314 women with early-stage endometrial cancer underwent staging at laparoscopy (case group) or laparotomy (control group). All women in the case group underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy using an intrauterine manipulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive predictive value of frozen section analysis for myometrial infiltration, histotype, and grade of differentiation was 97.2%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively. The correct diagnosis rate was of 85.7%. The accuracy of frozen section analysis, rate of correct diagnosis, and rate of tumor vascular invasion did not seem to be significantly modified by systematic use of an intrauterine manipulator for total laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with total abdominal hysterectomy in early-stage endometrial cancer staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frozen section analysis of early-stage endometrial cancer is highly accurate, and systematic use of an intrauterine manipulator does not represent a bias for correct evaluation of the specimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. francesco.fanfani@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fanfani
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Zannoni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallotta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vizzielli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lecca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009215:Myometrium / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging