title: Characterization of water distribution and activities of enzymes during germination in magnetically-exposed maize (Zea mays L) seeds.
abstract: Magnetic seed treatment is one of the physical pre-sowing seed treatments to enhance the performance of crop plants. In our earlier experiment, we found significant increase in germination and vigour characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds subjected to magnetic fields. Among various combinations of magnetic field (MF) strength and duration, best results were obtained with MF of 100 mT for 2 h and 200 mT for 1 h exposure. The quicker germination in magnetically-exposed seeds might be due to greater activities of germination related enzymes, early hydration of membranes as well as greater molecular mobility of bulk and hydration water fractions. Thus, in the present study, changes in water uptake during imbibition and its distribution and activities of germinating enzymes during germination were investigated in maize seeds exposed to static magnetic fields of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h respectively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The magnetically-exposed seed showed higher water uptake in phase II and III than unexposed seed. The longitudinal relaxation time T1 of seed water showed significantly higher values and hence greater molecular mobility of cellular water in magnetically-exposed seeds as compared to unexposed. Component analysis of T2 relaxation times revealed the early appearance of hydration water with least mobility and higher values of relaxation times of cytoplasmic bulk water and hydration water in magnetically-exposed over unexposed seeds. Activities of alpha-amylase, dehydorgenase and protease during germination were higher in magnetically-exposed seeds as compared to unexposed. The quicker germination in magnetically-exposed seeds might be due to greater activities of germination related enzymes, early hydration of membranes as well as greater molecular mobility of bulk and hydration water fractions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India. khaliananta@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Ananta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vashisth
authors.forename: Shantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000528:radiation effects; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases