title: The prevalence and predictors of an abnormal ankle-brachial index in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine ankle-brachial index (ABI) abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  An ABI was obtained in 2,240 patients in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Trial. ABIs were classified as: normal, 0.91-1.3; low, ≤ 0.9; high, >1.3; or noncompressible artery (NC). Baseline characteristics were examined according to ABI and by multivariate analysis. RESULTS ABI was normal in 66%, low in 19%, and high in 8% of patients, and 6% of patients had NC. Of the low ABI patients, 68% were asymptomatic. Using normal ABI as referent, low ABI was independently associated with smoking, female sex, black race, hypertension, age, C-reactive protein, diabetes duration, and lower BMI. High ABI was associated with male sex, nonblack race, and higher BMI; and NC artery was associated with diabetes duration, higher BMI, and hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABI abnormalities are common and often asymptomatic in patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD.
authors.affiliation: Ocala and Munroe Regional Medical Center, Ocala, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Premranjan P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J Dawn
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Manuel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lombardero
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woodhead
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venkitachalam
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Tsapatsaris
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Piemonte
authors.forename: Rodrigo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.forename: Martin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nesto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors