title: Foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak in an Austrian healthcare facility caused by asymptomatic, norovirus-excreting kitchen staff.
abstract: An outbreak of norovirus GGII.4 2006b affected an Austrian 600-bed healthcare facility from 15 to 27 March 2009. A total of 204 patients, residents and staff fitted the outbreak case definition; 17 (8.3%) were laboratory-confirmed. Foodborne origin was suspected in the 114 patient and resident cases with onset 15-18 March. A case-cohort study was performed to test the hypothesis that consumption of dishes offered on 14, 15 and 16 March (risk days) was associated with increased risk of infection. Data on food exposure of 62% (317/510) of the patient and resident cohort were available for a simultaneous retrospective cohort study. The case-cohort analysis revealed that consumption of sliced cold sausage offered on 15 March [odds ratio (OR): 3.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-14.1], a meat dish with salad (adjusted OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.19-4.08) and a rolled spinach pancake (adjusted OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.27-3.71) on 16 March were independent risk factors. It is likely that one of the five asymptomatic excretors among the kitchen staff on duty on the risk days was the source of food contamination. The case-cohort study design was found to be a valid alternative to the retrospective cohort study design for the investigation of a suspected foodborne outbreak in a large cohort.
authors.affiliation: Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Competence Center for Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lederer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mikula
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allerberger
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005522:Food Services; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006268:Health Facilities; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000821:virology; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000821:virology; D000078329:Workforce