title: Predictors of catheter-related bladder discomfort in the post-anaesthesia care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is often reported to be stressful and resistant to conventional opioid therapy in the post anaesthesia care unit (PACU). Tolterodine or oxybutynin or gabapentin given orally 1 hour before induction reduce the incidence and severity of CRBD postoperatively. Nevertheless, side effects may occur with these drugs. Thus, preadministration of these different drugs should be selective in patients with predictors of moderate or severe CRBD. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of early postoperative CRBD in post-anesthesia care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed a prospective observational study in two teaching hospitals. Consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia necessitating intraoperative urinary catheterization were included during a 6-month period. Bladder discomfort was assessed with a simple four-step severity scale: no pain; mild pain (revealed only by interviewing the patient); moderate (a spontaneous complaint by the patient) and severe discomfort (agitation, loud complaints and attempt to remove the bladder catheter). Predictors of CRBD were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  164 patients were included, of which 47% complained of CRBD (mild CRBD: 20%; moderate or severe CRBD: 27%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the diameter of the Foley catheter superior than 18 G Fr (OR=2.2, CI95 [1.0-5.1], P=0.06) and male gender (OR=3.2, CI95 [1.0-10.5], P<0.06) to be independent predictors of moderate or severe CRBD in the PACU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observational study identified the incidence and predictive factors of moderate and severe CRBD in the PACU. Future studies are warranted to assess the impact of preoperative antimuscarinic drugs or Gabapentin on males or patients with 18 G Fr Foley catheters.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, centre hospitalo-universitaire Henri-Mondor, faculté Paris-XII, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binhas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Motamed
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hawajri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yiou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult