title: The reduction of food web robustness by parasitism: fact and artefact.
abstract: A robust food web is one which suffers few secondary extinctions after primary species losses. While recent research has shown that a food web with parasitism is less robust than one without, it still remains unclear whether the reduction in robustness is due to changes in network complexity or unique characteristics associated with parasitism. Here, using several published food webs, simulation experiments with different food web models and extinction scenarios were conducted to elucidate how such reduction can be achieved. Our results show that, regardless of changes in network complexity and preferential parasitism, the reduction in food web robustness is mainly due to the life cycle constraint of parasites. Our findings further demonstrate that parasites are prone to secondary extinctions and that their extinctions occur earlier than those involving free-living species. These findings suggest that the vulnerable nature of parasites to species loss makes them highly sensitive indicators of food web integrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsuan-Wien
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kwang-Tsao
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Chester Wai-Jen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Hsieh
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wei-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D020387:Food Chain; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions