title: Dentofacial characteristics of women with oversized mandible and temporomandibular joint internal derangement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To analyze dentofacial characteristics of temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJ ID) in orthodontic patients with oversized mandible (skeletal Class III pattern).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 66 women whose mandibular body length to anterior cranial base ratio is greater than 1.12. They were divided into three groups based on magnetic resonance images of bilateral TMJs: bilateral normal disk position (BN), bilateral disk displacement with reduction (DDR), and bilateral disk displacement without reduction (DDNR). Thirty-five cephalometric variables regarding their lateral cephalograms were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate differences in dentofacial morphology among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with TMJ ID had a clockwise rotation of the ramus, with backward position of mandible, labial tipping of mandibular incisors, and protrusion of upper and lower lips. However, TMJ ID did not significantly influence vertical skeletal relationships. Most of the significant dentofacial changes were found between BN and DDR, and dentofacial changes between DDR and DDNR were minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that dentofacial changes associated with TMJ ID begin to appear when TMJ ID develops to DDR from BN in patients with oversized mandible.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Chongro-Ku, Seoul, Korea, South Korea.
authors.forename: Beom-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Il-Hyung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sug-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000473:pathology; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult