title: Evergreens favored by higher responsiveness to increased CO₂.
abstract: Physical CO(2) diffusion from sub-stomatal cavities to the chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place is an important limitation of photosynthesis largely neglected in research related to global climate change. This limitation is particularly important in leaves with robust structures such as evergreen sclerophylls. In these leaves, photosynthesis is less sensitive to changes in stomatal openness, which is considered to be the primary limitation of photosynthesis. In this review we state that, because of large limitations in internal diffusion in C(3) plants, photosynthesis and the intrinsic efficiency of the use of plant water responds more strongly to elevated levels of CO(2) in leaves with more robust structures. This provides an additional explanation for the current apparent expansion of evergreen sclerophylls in many Earth ecosystems, and adds a new perspective to research of the biological effects of increasing atmospheric CO(2).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
authors.forename: Ulo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Niinemets
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flexas
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peñuelas
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D002980:Climate; D004058:Diffusion; D017753:Ecosystem; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide