title: Effects of estradiol-drospirenone on ocular and nasal functions in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hormones may have an impact on the incidence and course of dry-eye syndrome, and also nasal obstruction, especially in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drospirenone 2 mg + estradiol 1 mg (Angeliq®, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany) on ocular functions and nasal airflow in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. A questionnaire on ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was administered; after routine ophthalmologic examination, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer tests were performed. Intraocular pressure was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer. Nasal airflow resistance values were measured using rhinomanometry. Participants were submitted to oral daily treatment with drospirenone 2 mg + estradiol 1 mg. The duration of the study was 6 months and the participants were studied in the basal condition and after 6 months of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OSDI score and intraocular pressure were significantly higher before treatment than after treatment (p<0.001); however, the results of the TBUT and Schimer test were significantly lower (p<0.05). Rhinomanometric values were better during drospirenone 2 mg + estradiol 1 mg therapy than those observed at baseline (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral daily treatment with drospirenone 2 mg + estradiol 1 mg reduces the risks for ocular diseases and nasal obstruction in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coksuer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozcura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oghan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haliloglu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coksuer
mesh_terms: D000736:Androstenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000517:prevention & control; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000736:Androstenes; D004338:Drug Combinations; C488382:estradiol-drospirenone combination; D004958:Estradiol