title: Immunoinhibitory adapter protein Src homology domain 3 lymphocyte protein 2 (SLy2) regulates actin dynamics and B cell spreading.
abstract: Appropriate B cell activation is essential for adaptive immunity. In contrast to the molecular mechanisms that regulate positive signaling in immune responses, the counterbalancing negative regulatory pathways remain insufficiently understood. The Src homology domain 3 (SH3)-containing adapter protein SH3 lymphocyte protein 2 (SLy2, also known as hematopoietic adapter-containing SH3 and sterile α-motif (SAM) domains 1; HACS1) is strongly up-regulated upon B cell activation and functions as an endogenous immunoinhibitor in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of SLy2 function have been elusive. We have generated transgenic mice overexpressing SLy2 in B and T cells and have studied the biological effects of elevated SLy2 levels in Jurkat and HeLa cells. Our results demonstrate that SLy2 induces Rac1-dependent membrane ruffle formation and regulates cell spreading and polarization and that the SLy2 SH3 domain is essential for these effects. Using immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy, we provide evidence that the actin nucleation-promoting factor cortactin is an SH3 domain-directed interaction partner of SLy2. Consistent with an important role of SLy2 for actin cytoskeletal reorganization, we further show that SLy2-transgenic B cells are severely defective in cell spreading. Together, our findings extend our mechanistic understanding of the immunoinhibitory roles of SLy2 in vivo and suggest that the physiological up-regulation of SLy2 observed upon B cell activation functions to counteract excessive B cell spreading.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Holleben
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gohla
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Iritani
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beer-Hammer
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D009479:Neuropeptides; C107953:RAC1 protein, human; C484602:Rac1 protein, mouse; C435526:SAMSN1 protein, human; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein