title: Endovascular therapy for cardiac catheterization associated strokes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is one of the most feared complications after cardiac catheterization. Endovascular treatment combining mechanical and pharmacological therapy has been reported as an effective treatment option in selected patients with acute stroke due to large-vessel occlusion. Little is known about safety and clinical outcome when this approach is utilized in cardiac catheterization associated strokes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed clinical and radiological characteristics and outcomes in the endovascular acute stroke treatment databases from two University Hospitals from July 2006 to December 2008 (Cleveland Clinic Foundation) and September 1999 and December 2008 (UPMC Presbyterian hospital), respectively. Of a total of 419 acute stroke interventions, 14 (3.34%) were identified as strokes during or immediately after cardiac catheterization. The mean age was 71 ± 7 years; eight were women (57.1%). Mean National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 17 (±7.6). Four patients underwent intravenous thrombolysis followed by intraarterial intervention. Median time to treatment was 240 minutes from last time seen normal (range 66-1,365 minutes). Seven patients (50%) had a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]≤ 2). In-patient mortality was 42%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In acute strokes following cardiac catheterization, multimodal endovascular therapy is safe and feasible and despite a high mortality is associated with a higher than expected rate of favorable outcomes compared to the natural history of the disease. Despite a significant proportion of patients developing symptoms in hospitals where neurointerventions are available, the median time to treatment was longer than expected. Future efforts should focus on faster implementation of recanalization therapies for this form of acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Aitziber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aleu
authors.forename: Muhammad Vbv S
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Ridwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Jankowitz
authors.forename: Nirav A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: Mouhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jumaa
authors.forename: Syed F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Tudor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jovin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator