title: Increased prothrombin, apolipoprotein A-IV, and haptoglobin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Huntington's disease.
abstract: Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by an unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion. The need for biomarkers of onset and progression in HD is imperative, since currently reliable outcome measures are lacking. We used two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to analyze the proteome profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 6 pairs of HD patients and controls. Prothrombin, apolipoprotein A-IV (Apo A-IV) and haptoglobin were elevated in CSF of the HD patients in comparison with the controls. We used western blot as a semi-quantified measurement for prothrombin and Apo A-IV, as well as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of haptoglobin, in 9 HD patients and 9 controls. The albumin quotient (Qalb), a marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, was not different between the HD patients and the controls. The ratios of CSF prothrombin/albumin (prothrombin/Alb) and Apo A-IV/albumin (Apo A-IV/Alb), and haptoglobin level were significantly elevated in HD. The ratio of CSF prothrombin/Alb significantly correlated with the disease severity assessed by Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). The results implicate that increased CSF prothrombin, Apo A-IV, and haptoglobin may be involved in pathogenesis of HD and may serve as potential biomarkers for HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yen-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yih-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mu-Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sen-Yung
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chiung-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D015415:Biomarkers; D006242:Haptoglobins; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV; D011516:Prothrombin