title: Miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with and without corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 13 adult patients (5 men, 8 women; mean age, 19 years) exhibiting Class II Division 1 malocclusion with increased overjet requiring the therapeutic extraction of the maxillary first premolars, with subsequent retraction of the maxillary canines. Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics was randomly assigned to 1 side of the maxillary arch at the canine-premolar region, and the other side served as the control. By using miniscrews as anchorage, canine retraction was initiated via closed nickel-titanium coil springs applying 150 g of force per side. The following variables were examined over a 4-month follow-up period: rate of tooth movement, molar anchorage loss, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, attachment loss, and gingival recession.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average daily rate of canine retraction was significantly higher on the corticotomy than the control side by 2 times during the first 2 months after the corticotomy surgery. This rate of tooth movement declined to only 1.6 times higher in the third month and 1.06 times higher by the end of the fourth month. No molar anchorage loss occurred during canine retraction on either the operated or the nonoperated side. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements of plaque index, probing depth, attachment loss, and gingival recession.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics can be a feasible treatment modality for adults seeking orthodontic treatment with reduced treatment times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shadw Mohammed Badr El-Din
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aboul-Ela
authors.forename: Amr Ragab
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: El-Beialy
authors.forename: Karim Mohamed Fawzy
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: Essam Mohamed Nassef
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.forename: Nagwa Helmy
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: El-Mangoury
authors.forename: Yehya Ahmed
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Mostafa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery*; D001863:Bone Screws; D003481:Cuspid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005889:Gingival Recession; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010027:Osteotomy; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss; D010512:Periodontal Index; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult