title: Use of electronic clinical documentation: time spent and team interactions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the time spent authoring and viewing documentation and to study patterns of usage in healthcare practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audit logs for an electronic health record were used to calculate rates, and social network analysis was applied to ascertain usage patterns. Subjects comprised all care providers at an urban academic medical center who authored or viewed electronic documentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate and time of authoring and viewing clinical documentation, and associations among users were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Users spent 20-103 min per day authoring notes and 7-56 min per day viewing notes, with physicians spending less than 90 min per day total. About 16% of attendings' notes, 8% of residents' notes, and 38% of nurses' notes went unread by other users, and, overall, 16% of notes were never read by anyone. Viewing of notes dropped quickly with the age of the note, but notes were read at a low but measurable rate, even after 2 years. Most healthcare teams (77%) included a nurse, an attending, and a resident, and those three users' groups were the first to write notes during an admission. Limitations The limitations were restriction to a single academic medical center and use of log files without direct observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Care providers spend a significant amount of time viewing and authoring notes. Many notes are never read, and rates of usage vary significantly by author and viewer. While the rate of viewing a note drops quickly with its age, even after 2 years inpatient notes are still viewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA. hripcsak@columbia.edu
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hripcsak
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Vawdrey
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fred
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bostwick
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004282:Documentation; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D008330:Management Audit; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012963:Sociometric Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States