title: Successful respiratory immunization with dry powder live-attenuated measles virus vaccine in rhesus macaques.
abstract: Measles remains an important cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Sustained high vaccination coverage is the key to preventing measles deaths. Because measles vaccine is delivered by injection, hurdles to high coverage include the need for trained medical personnel and a cold chain, waste of vaccine in multidose vials and risks associated with needle use and disposal. Respiratory vaccine delivery could lower these barriers and facilitate sustained high coverage. We developed a novel single unit dose, dry powder live-attenuated measles vaccine (MVDP) for respiratory delivery without reconstitution. We tested the immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques of one dose of MVDP delivered either with a mask or directly intranasal with two dry powder inhalers, PuffHaler and BD Solovent. MVDP induced robust measles virus (MeV)-specific humoral and T-cell responses, without adverse effects, which completely protected the macaques from infection with wild-type MeV more than one year later. Respiratory delivery of MVDP was safe and effective and could aid in measles control.
authors.affiliation: W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsuan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papania
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cape
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sievers
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shermer
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Godin
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winston
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers / Q000379:methods*; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014766:Viremia
chemical_list: D008458:Measles Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated