title: Etiology, pathophysiology, and most common injuries of the lower extremity in the athlete.
abstract: The majority of injuries during sport are to the lower extremity (more than 50%), most of which occur in children and young adults younger than 25 years and involve fractures, ligament injuries, or tendon injuries. This article discusses the etiology of some of the most common foot and ankle sports-related injuries. The authors focus on clinical findings, associated injuries, pathophysiology, and current trends. Many of these factors are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue.
authors.affiliation: Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 2100 Jane Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. burnsp@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lowery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult