title: Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 predicts 10-year cardiovascular and cancer mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the breakdown of amines to produce aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Serum VAP-1 correlates positively with both acute hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate whether serum VAP-1 predicts 10-year survival in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1996 and June 2003, we enrolled 661 type 2 diabetic subjects at National Taiwan University Hospital. Serum VAP-1 in the samples obtained at enrollment was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The vital status of all subjects was ascertained by linking their data with computerized death certificates in Taiwan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medium follow-up period was 10.4 years. Subjects with serum VAP-1 in the highest tertile had a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.19 (95% CI 1.17-4.11) for all-cause mortality adjusted for age, sex, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, hemoglobin A(1c), diabetes duration, total cholesterol, use of statins, abnormal ankle-brachial index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. The adjusted HRs for logarithmically transformed serum VAP-1 were 5.83 (95% CI 1.17-28.97) for cardiovascular mortality, 6.32 (95% CI 1.25-32.00) for mortality from cardiovascular and diabetic causes, and 17.24 (95% CI 4.57-65.07) for cancer mortality. There were four variables, including age, serum VAP-1, proteinuria, and eGFR, which could enhance mortality prediction significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum VAP-1 can predict 10-year all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality independently in type 2 diabetic subjects. Serum VAP-1 is a novel biomarker that improves risk prediction over and above established risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-Der
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Tien-Jyun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jung-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Mao-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Fu-Tien
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Shyang-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Chi Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Cyue-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanio
authors.forename: Lee-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)