title: LOH and copy neutral LOH (cnLOH) act as alternative mechanism in sporadic colorectal cancers with chromosomal and microsatellite instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor suppressor genes are often located in frequently deleted chromosomal regions of colorectal cancers (CRCs). In contrast to microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, only few loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies were performed in microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors, because MSI carcinomas are generally considered to be chromosomally stable and classical LOH studies are not feasible due to MSI. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technique enables LOH studies also in MSI CRC. The aim of our study was to analyse tissue from MSI and MSS CRC for the existence of (frequently) deleted chromosomal regions and tumor suppressor genes located therein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed tissues from 32 sporadic CRCs and their corresponding normal mucosa (16 MSS and 16 MSI tumors) by means of 50K SNP array analysis. MSS tumors displayed chromosomal instability that resulted in multiple deleted (LOH) and amplified regions and led to the identification of MTUS1 (8p22) as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in this region. Although the MSI tumors were chromosomally stable, we found several copy neutral LOHs (cnLOH) in the MSI tumors; these appear to be instrumental in the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene hMLH1 and a gene located in chromosomal region 6pter-p22.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that in addition to classical LOH, cnLOH is an important mutational event in relation to the carcinogenesis of MSS and MSI tumors, causing the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene without copy number alteration of the respective region; this is crucial for the development of MSI tumors and for some chromosomal regions in MSS tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. melcher_r@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melcher
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Waltraud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zopf
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herterich
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosler
authors.forename: Theodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudlich
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Taie
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenwald
authors.forename: Tiemo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katzenberger
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scholtka
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seibold
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogoll
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scheppach
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheurlen
authors.forename: Hardi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lührs
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; C474762:MTUS1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1