title: A model for overview of student learning: a matrix of educational outcomes versus methodologies.
abstract: A concise overview of an institution's aspirations for its students becomes increasingly elusive because dental education has evolving emphases on priorities like critical thinking and adapting to new technology. The purpose of this article is to offer a learner-oriented matrix that gives a focus for discussion and an overview of an institution's educational outcomes. On one axis of the matrix, common educational outcomes are listed: knowledge, technical skills, critical thinking, ethical and professional values, patient and practice management, and social responsibility awareness. On the other axis, methodologies are listed: definition, cultivation strategies, measures (summative/formative, objective/subjective), institutional coordination, and competency determination. By completing the matrix, an overview of the process by which students reach these outcomes emerges. Each institution would likely complete the matrix differently and, ideally, with active discussion. While the matrix can first be used to establish "Where are we now?" for an institution, it can also be a starting point for more extensive matrices and further discussion. Vertical and horizontal analyses of the matrix provide a unique lens for viewing the institution's learning environment.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, 300 Dental Science N, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. david-johnsen@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Marsha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cunningham-Ford
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Straub-Morarend
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Aquilino
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Solow
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McQuistan
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D003729:Dental Care; D003812:Dentist-Patient Relations; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement; D018961:Educational Technology; D004990:Ethics, Dental; D055094:Evidence-Based Dentistry / Q000193:education; D005179:Faculty, Dental; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D017145:Models, Educational; D011215:Practice Management, Dental; D012575:Schools, Dental / Q000592:standards; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012945:Social Values; D013335:Students, Dental; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013850:Thinking