title: A novel thermodynamic treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a novel thermodynamic treatment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen adult subjects (10 females, 4 males, mean age = 54.2 ± 9.6 yr) were recruited in a multi-center, feasibility clinical trial in Durham and Cary, North Carolina and Boston, Massachusetts. Inclusion criteria included: previous diagnosis of moderate to severe dry eye; dry eye symptoms for at least three months prior; daily topical lubricant use; and evidence of meibomian gland (MG) obstruction in the central five glands of both eyes lower eyelids. Exclusion criteria included: history of recent acute or chronic ocular inflammation or infection and lid surface abnormalities affecting lid function. The treatment: the device heats the palpebral surface of upper and lower eyelids while simultaneously applying graded pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid for 12 min, thereby expressing the MGs during heating. One eye was randomly selected to undergo additional manual heated expression with another treatment device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean MG secretion score, tear break-up time, corneal staining score, number of MGs yielding liquid secretion and symptom scores all improved significantly from baseline to 1 week. This was maintained through the 3-month follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in any outcome between the automated device treatment only and the additional heated manual expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of heat applied to the palpebral surface, while simultaneously expressing MGs during a single 12-minute treatment, was effective, in this feasibility study, in treating obstructive MG dysfunction and dry eye signs and symptoms for the 3-month study period.
authors.affiliation: TearScience, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Beth R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Friedland
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Blackie
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Korb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D013997:Time Factors