title: Effect of exenatide on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the effect of exenatide on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who were suboptimally controlled with metformin and/or sulfonylurea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with T2DM with inadequate glucose control were randomly divided into two groups: exenatide group (E group) (12 patients, 5 μg b.d. × 4 weeks followed by 10 μg b.d. × 12 weeks) and placebo group (P group) (11 patients). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the seven-point glucose profile, daily mean glucose, and glycemic excursion were determined. The effects of exenatide on 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exenatide treatment reduced body weight and body mass index (BMI) and improved HbA1c, the seven-point glucose profile, and daily mean glucose compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Limited glycemic excursion was found in the E group compared with the P group (P < 0.05), including a smaller SD and postprandial glucose excursion. In addition, the oxidative stress maker PGF2α was significantly reduced by exenatide treatment (P < 0.05). The inflammatory markers hs-CRP and MCP-1 were also significantly reduced in the E group compared with the P group (P < 0.05). PGF2α was significantly correlated with glycemic excursion (P < 0.05), whereas MCP-1 was significantly correlated with body weight, BMI, glycemic excursion, and HbA1c (P < 0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exenatide treatment reduced patient body weight and BMI, improved HbA1c and the seven-point glucose profile, reduced daily mean glucose, limited glycemic excursion, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients of T2DM having inadequate glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jin-dan
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Tong-xin
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Gu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiao-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Kok-Onn
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jian-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015237:Dinoprost; D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha