title: Effect of potential multimicrobe probiotic product processed by high drying temperature and antibiotic on performance of weanling pigs.
abstract: In this study, the effect of a potential multimicrobe probiotic subjected to high-temperature drying was investigated. Potential multimicrobe probiotics produced by solid substrate fermentation were dried at low (LT, 40°C for 72 h) or high (HT, 70°C for 36 h) temperature. In Exp. 1, 288 weaned pigs (BW, 6.43 ± 0.68 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of BW (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs in each pen). Dietary treatments were negative control (NC; basal diet without any antimicrobial), positive control (PC; basal diet + 0.1% chlortetracycline), basal diet with 0.3% probiotic LT, and basal diet with 0.3% probiotic HT. Diets were fed in 2 phases, phase I (d 0 to 14) and phase II (d 15 to 28); and growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD, d 28), and fecal microflora (d 14 and 28) were evaluated. Over the 28-d trial, pigs fed PC and probiotic diets had greater ADG (P < 0.001), ADFI (P < 0.05), and G:F (P < 0.01) than pigs fed NC diet. The ATTD of DM and GE was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed probiotic diets when compared with pigs fed the NC diet. At d 28, fewer Clostridia (P < 0.01) were identified in the feces of pigs fed PC and probiotic diets than pigs fed the NC diet. However, the performance, ATTD of DM and GE, and fecal Clostridia population were similar among pigs fed probiotic LT and HT diets. In Exp. 2, 288 weaned pigs (initial BW, 5.84 ± 0.18 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement on the basis of BW. The effects of 2 levels of probiotic HT (0.30 or 0.60%), each with or without antibiotic (chlortetracycline, 0 or 0.1%), on performance, ATTD, intestinal morphology, and fecal and intestinal microflora were investigated. Feeding of 0.60% probiotic HT diet improved (P < 0.05) overall ADG, ATTD of DM and GE, and Lactobacillus population in the feces and intestine, and reduced the population of Clostridium and coliforms in feces (d 14) and ileum. Inclusion of antibiotic improved (P < 0.05) the overall ADG, ADFI, and ATTD of DM at d 14 and reduced fecal Clostridium population at d 28. Increased (P < 0.05) villus height at jejunum and ileum, and villus height:crypt depth at the ileum was noticed in pigs fed 0.60% probiotic HT and antibiotic diets. In conclusion, high drying temperature had no effect on the efficacy of potential multimicrobe probiotic product. However, the probiotic product dried at high temperature was more effective at 0.60% inclusion, whereas inclusion of an antibiotic improved pig performance but did not show any interaction with probiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701 Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ingale
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents