title: Long-term prevention of stroke: a modern comparison of current carotid stenting and carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate long-term outcomes of carotid stenting (CAS) versus carotid endarterectomy (CEA) based on physician-guided indications.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The issue regarding long-term outcome of CAS versus CEA in patients with carotid stenosis is clinically relevant but remains unsettled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients (71% men, mean age 71.3 years) treated by CEA (n = 1,118) or CAS (n = 1,084) after a training phase were reviewed. Selection of treatment was based on better-suitability characteristics (morphology and clinical). Data were adjusted with propensity score analysis and stratified by symptoms, age, and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-day stroke/death rates were similar: 2.8% in CAS and 2.0% in CEA (p = 0.27). The risk was higher in symptomatic (3.5%) versus asymptomatic (2.0%) patients (p = 0.04) but without significant difference between CAS and CEA groups. Five-year survival rates were 82.0% in CAS and 87.7% in CEA (p = 0.05). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the composite of any periprocedural stroke/death and ipsilateral stroke at 5 years after the procedure were similar in all patients (4.7% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.4) and the subgroups of symptomatic (8.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.7) and asymptomatic (2.5% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.2) patients in CEA versus CAS, respectively. Cox analysis, adjusted by propensity score, identified statin treatment (p = 0.016) and symptomatic disease (p = 0.003) associated with the composite end point. There were no sex- or age-related significant outcome differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When physicians use their clinical judgment to select the appropriate technique for carotid revascularization CAS can offer efficacy and durability comparable to CEA with benefits persisting at 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Perugia, Hospital S. M. Misericordia, Italy. plderango@gmail.com
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Rango
authors.forename: Gianbattista
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parlani
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verzini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panuccio
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbante
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome