title: Sedation with sufentanil and clonidine in patients undergoing heart catheterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedation for heart catheterization has been a cause for concern. Benzodiazepines, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and opioids are used for this purpose. However, each drug has advantages and disadvantages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of sufentanil and clonidine as sedative in patients undergoing heart catheterization, observing their impact on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, the presence of side effects and satisfaction of the patient and interventional cardiologist with the examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, double-blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial involving 60 patients who received 0.1 µg/kg of sufentanil or 0.5 µg/kg of clonidine before heart catheterization. The score of sedation according to the Ramsay scale, the need for use of midazolam, side effects and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were recorded, with the data being analyzed at 06 different moments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The behavior of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate was similar in both groups, but, at moment 2, the patients in the sufentanil group (Group S) had a lower sedation score on the Ramsay scale, and the peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation was lower than in the clonidine group (Group C) at time 6. Patients in Group S had higher incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery than patients in Group C. Patient satisfaction was higher in the clonidine group. The interventional cardiologists were satisfied in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sufentanil and clonidine were effective as sedative in patients undergoing heart catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Rua Pacífico Pereira 381/1303, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. anitaperpetuacrc@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Anita Perpetua Carvalho
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Guilherme Antonio Moreira
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Jedson dos Santos
authors.initials: Jdos S
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Kleber Pimentel
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Lilian Mendes de
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Pedro Augusto Costa Rebouças de
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017409:Sufentanil; D003000:Clonidine