title: Combined effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired fasting glucose on the development of type 2 diabetes: a 4-year retrospective longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether there is a difference in the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident diabetes based on the presence of impaired fasting glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 7,849 individuals (5,409 men and 2,440 women) without diabetes, who underwent comprehensive health check-ups annually for 5 years, were categorized into four groups by the presence of impaired fasting glucose and NAFLD at baseline. The association between NAFLD and incident diabetes was evaluated separately in groups with normal and impaired fasting glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 4 years, the incidence of diabetes in the NAFLD group was 9.9% compared with 3.7% in the non-NAFLD group, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% CI 1.07-1.66). However, this higher risk for diabetes only existed in the impaired fasting glucose group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that NAFLD has an independent and additive effect on the development of diabetes under conditions of impaired insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Won Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Se Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cheol Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose