title: Effects of coating materials and size of titanium dioxide particles on their cytotoxicity and penetration into the cellular membrane.
abstract: In order to estimate the effects of the size and surface treatment (coating or non-coating) of titanium dioxide particles on their cytotoxicity and penetration into the cellular membrane, two types of non-treated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles of 20 nm (LU175) and 250 nm (LU205) were exposed to CHO cells, RBL-2H3 cells, A431 cells, B16 melanoma, NHEK(F), and NHSF, and six types of surface-treated or non-treated TiO(2) particles of 35 nm were exposed to RBL-2H3 cells and NHSF. The order of half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of LU175 was NHSF < CHO, RBL-2H3 < A431 < B16 melanoma, NHEK(F). On the other hand, LU205 showed no cytotoxicity against any cells. Surface-treated TiO(2) showed much less cytotoxicity against RBL-2H3 cells than non-treated TiO(2). Then, between 0.5 and 10 mg of LU175 or LU205 was exposed to CHO cells. After 24 hr, the amount of LU175 in cellular cytosol increased dose-dependently. On the other hand, the amount of LU205 in cellular cytosol was much less than that of LU175. The proportion of surface-treated TiO(2) in the cellular cytosol of RBL-2H3 cells differed for each coating material. These results suggested that TiO(2) has different cytotoxicities among cell lines, and that of surface-treated TiO(2) was weaker than that of non-treated TiO(2). TiO(2) located in cytosol might be the main cause of cytotoxicity.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikarashi
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002477:Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D013229:Stearic Acids; D014025:Titanium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013229:Stearic Acids; C009495:titanium dioxide; C031183:stearic acid; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D014025:Titanium