title: Tocotrienol-treated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells show down-regulation of API5 and up-regulation of MIG6 genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tocotrienols belong to the vitamin E family and have multiple anticancer effects, such as antiproliferative, antioxidant, pro-apoptosis and antimetastatic. This study aimed to identify the genes that are regulated in human breast cancer cells following exposure to various isomers of vitamin E as these may be potential targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiling was performed with MCF-7 cells at inhibitory conditions of IC(50) using Illumina's Sentrix Array Human-6 BeadChips. The expression levels of selected differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment with tocotrienol-rich palm oil fraction (TRF), α-tocopherol and isomers of tocotrienols (α, γ, and δ) altered the expression of several genes that code for proteins involved in the regulation of immune response, tumour growth and metastatic suppression, apoptotic signalling, transcription, protein biosynthesis regulation and many others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of human MCF-7 cells with tocotrienol isomers causes the down-regulation of the API5 gene and up-regulation of the MIG6 gene and the differential expression of other genes reported to play a key role in breast cancer biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Premdass
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramdas
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajihuzzaman
authors.forename: Sheela Devi
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Veerasenan
authors.forename: Kanga Rani
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Selvaduray
authors.forename: Kalanithi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nesaretnam
authors.forename: Ammu Kutty
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C108386:API5 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C484017:ERRFI1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D024508:Tocotrienols; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol