title: Feasibility of ICG fluorescence-guided sentinel node biopsy in animal models using the HyperEye Medical System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept is accepted for several types of cancers. Current methods for sentinel node detection involve radioisotopes and blue dye. They have shown good results, but some drawbacks remain. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence using the HyperEye Medical System (HEMS) was evaluated as a new method.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, nonrandomized, experimental study in four Japanese white rabbits and six Yorkshire pigs. ICG and indigo carmine were injected into the tongue, larynx, or hypopharynx, and ICG fluorescence detection was evaluated using both transcutaneous visualization of lymphatic vessels and intraoperative identification of SLNs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SLNs appeared as shining fluorescent spots with HEMS transcutaneously in rabbits, but no SLNs were detected transcutaneously in pigs. Eleven procedures identified SLNs, but one did not due to a technical problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HEMS could become useful for predicting lymph node metastasis during surgery for head and neck cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagafuji
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011817:Rabbits; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green