title: Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis in an infant with acute Streptococcus pnuemoniae meningitis: a case report.
abstract: A 10 month-old female infant presented with one day of high fever with drowsiness and seizures. Physical examination showed meningeal irritation and mild cyanosis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile revealed opening pressure of 27 cmH2O, closing pressure of 17 cmH2O, red blood cells 310 cells/microL, white blood cells 100 cells/microL of which 90 percents were lymphocytes, protein 391 mg/dl, sugar 0 mg/dL and blood sugar 74 mg/dl. Numerous gram positive diplococci were found on CSF Gram-stained smear. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed and cefotaxime 300 mg/kg/day plus vancomycin 60 mg/kg/ day were given empirically. The patient developed hypotension, poor tissue perfusion, dyspnea and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). She expired 10 hours after hospitalization. The CSF and blood culture grew out Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 and 1.5 microg/mL for penicillin and cefotaxime respectively. Atypical characteristics of CSF in bacterial meningitis may cause delay in empirical antimicrobial therapy. Gram-stained smear of CSF is helpful for rapid diagnosis and proper management.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. rudiwilai_samakoses@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rudiwilai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samakoses
authors.forename: Detchvijitr
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suwanpakdee
authors.forename: Veerachai
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Watanaveeradej
authors.forename: Pirangkool
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kerdpanich
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents