title: Multimethod imaging, staging, and spectrum of manifestations of metastatic melanoma.
abstract: The incidence of melanoma has been steadily increasing. Imaging plays an important role in tumour assessment as metastatic melanoma can involve multiple organs. Computed tomography (CT) is currently the most widely used technique for tumour staging, surveillance and assessment of therapeutic response, but ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT also play important roles in the imaging of this tumour. In this article, we review the pathways of spread, staging according to the recently updated TNM classification, pathology, typical and atypical imaging features at common and uncommon sites, and treatment of metastatic melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patnana
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bronstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szklaruk
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gershenwald
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed