title: Mechanisms of resistance to BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors.
abstract: Since the introduction of imatinib mesylate (IM) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), impressive clinical responses have been observed in the majority of patients in chronic phase. However, not all patients experience an optimal response to IM or even to the more potent, second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Furthermore, responses are not sustained in a number of patients, and it is yet unclear whether the inhibitors can be safely discontinued in patients who achieve long-term remission. The emergence of resistance to TKIs has become a significant problem that has led to extensive studies on the causal mechanisms. This review describes our current state of knowledge on why and how CML cells can develop resistance to TKIs.
authors.affiliation: Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Junia V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Melo
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl