title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with markers of disease severity and prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify potential genetic associations of five cytokine gene polymorphisms with disease severity and prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty patients with DCM were genotyped for transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1)+869 T/C (codon10 Leu→Pro), TGF-β1 +915 G/C (codon25 Arg→Pro), interleukin (IL)-6 -174G/C, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308A/G, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) +874T/A, IL-10 -1082A/G, IL-10 -819T/C and IL-10 -592A/C gene polymorphisms. In homozygous TT patients for TGF-β1 +869 T/C polymorphism mean VO(2) max was significantly higher than in CC homozygous patients (25.67±6.73ml/kg/min vs. 20.29±6.35 ml/kg/min, p = 0.046), which remained significant only for patients younger than 39 years old after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.009). C carriers of TGF-β1 +915 G/C polymorphism are 4.2 times more likely to be in a worse NYHA stage (III-IV) than non C carriers [OR: 4.25, 95% CI (1.53-11.80), p = 0.006]. Patients GG homozygous for IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism presented greater left ventricle end-systolic (p = 0.018) and end-diastolic (p = 0.04) diameters in comparison to the CC homozygous. The AA homozygote for IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphism (p = 0.02) and the combination of the TGF-β1 +869 T/C and TGF-β1 +915 G/C genotypes were associated with adverse outcome (p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific cytokine gene polymorphisms seem to be associated with worse prognosis as well as with measures of disease severity in DCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stamatis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: Fotis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kolokathis
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gkouziouta
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgiadou
authors.forename: Antigoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaidaroglou
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Karavolias
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Degiannis
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voudris
authors.forename: Dimitrios Th
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kremastinos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D007371:Interferon-gamma