title: Insights into human CD8(+) T-cell memory using the yellow fever and smallpox vaccines.
abstract: Live virus vaccines provide a unique opportunity to study human CD8(+) T-cell memory in the context of a controlled, primary acute viral infection. Yellow fever virus-17D and Dryvax are two such live-virus vaccines that are highly efficacious, used worldwide and provide long-term immunity against yellow fever and smallpox respectively. In this review, we describe the properties of virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells generated in smallpox and yellow fever vaccinees. We address fundamental questions regarding magnitude, functional quality and longevity of the CD8(+) T-cell response, which are otherwise challenging to address in humans. These findings provide insights into the attributes of the human immune system as well as provide a benchmark for the optimal quality of a CD8(+) T-cell response that can be used to evaluate novel candidate vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Rafi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Rama S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Akondy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine