title: Development of an acute obstructive hydrocephalus model in rats using N-butyl cyanoacrylate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous animal models of obstructive hydrocephalus that was frequently combined with subarachnoid inflammation are not suitable for investigating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow between ventricles and cisterns in obstructive hydrocephalus. In this study, we attempted to develop a new animal model for obstructive hydrocephalus in rats sparing subarachnoid space using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydrocephalus was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with NBCA (n=15) or with kaolin (n=10). For the NBCA model, a silicone tube was inserted through the foramen of Magendie into the fourth ventricle, into which 20 μL of a mixture of NBCA and ethiodized oil was injected. For the kaolin model, 100 μL of 20% kaolin solution was injected into the cistern magna. The rats in the NBCA and kaolin groups were sacrificed 3 and 21 days after surgery, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven rats in the NBCA group developed hydrocephalus (73.3%), with a 13.3% mortality rate. The kaolin group showed hydrocephalus in eight rats (80%), with a 20% mortality rate. The mean Evans' indices were 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.45 ± 0.04, and 0.53 ± 0.09 in the control, NBCA, and kaolin groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no remarkable arachnoid adhesion or inflammatory change of the ventricular wall in the NBCA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NBCA model seems to be a useful animal model for acute obstructive hydrocephalus with preserved subarachnoid CSF pathway. This model can be useful for studying CSF flow between ventricles and cisterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 65-207 Hangang-ro 3, Yong San gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: Taik Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004659:Enbucrilate