title: Bone grafting, orthopaedic biomaterials, and the clinical need for bone engineering.
abstract: As the population ages, the number of operations performed on bone is expected to increase. Diseases such as arthritis, tumours, and trauma can lead to defects in the skeleton requiring an operation to replace or restore the lost bone. Surgeons can use autografts, allografts, and/or bone graft substitutes to restore areas of bone loss. Surgical implants are also used in addition or in isolation to replace the diseased bone. This review considers the application of available bone grafts in different clinical settings. It also discusses recently introduced bioactive biomaterials and highlights the clinical difficulties and technological deficiencies that exist in our current surgical practice.
authors.affiliation: Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brydone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maclaine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes