title: Effects of green tea catechins on the pro-inflammatory response after haemorrhage/resuscitation in rats.
abstract: Plant polyphenols, i.e. green tea extract (GTE), possess high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity, thus being protective in various models of acute inflammation. However, their anti-inflammatory effect and a feasible mechanism in haemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R)-induced liver injury remain unknown. We investigated the effects of GTE and the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of liver injury induced by H/R, and their effects on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and neutrophil infiltration. Female Lewis rats were fed a standard chow diet (control, ctrl) or a diet containing 0·1 % polyphenolic GTE for five consecutive days before H/R. Rats were haemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 30 (sem 2) mmHg for 60 min and resuscitated. Control groups (sham_ctrl and sham_GTE) underwent surgical procedures without H/R. At 2 h after resuscitation, tissues were harvested. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and IL-6 were measured. Hepatic necrosis, ICAM-1 expression and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) infiltration were assessed. Hepatic expression of IκBα (phospho) was measured. H/R induced strong liver damage with increased necrosis and serum ALT levels. Compared with both sham groups, inflammatory markers (serum IL-6 and hepatic PMNL infiltration) were elevated after H/R (P < 0·05). Also, H/R increased IκBα phosphorylation. GTE administration markedly (P < 0·05) decreased serum ALT and IL-6 levels, hepatic necrosis as well as PMNL infiltration and the expression of ICAM-1 and phosphorylated IκBα compared with H/R. In conclusion, we observed that NF-κB activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver injury after H/R through the up-regulation of hepatic ICAM-1 expression and subsequent PMNL infiltration. GTE pre-treatment prevents liver damage in this model of acute inflammation through a NF-κB-dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospitals of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Borna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Relja
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospitals of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Töttel
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospitals of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breig
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospitals of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.affiliation: HealthEcon AG, Steinentorstrasse 19, CH-4051 Basle, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospitals of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospitals of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnert
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028241:Camellia sinensis; D002392:Catechin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D009336:Necrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002392:Catechin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase