title: Clcn4-2 genomic structure differs between the X locus in Mus spretus and the autosomal locus in Mus musculus: AT motif enrichment on the X.
abstract: In Mus spretus, the chloride channel 4 gene Clcn4-2 is X-linked and dosage compensated by X up-regulation and X inactivation, while in the closely related mouse species Mus musculus, Clcn4-2 has been translocated to chromosome 7. We sequenced Clcn4-2 in M. spretus and identified the breakpoints of the evolutionary translocation in the Mus lineage. Genetic and epigenetic differences were observed between the 5'ends of the autosomal and X-linked loci. Remarkably, Clcn4-2 introns have been truncated on chromosome 7 in M. musculus as compared with the X-linked loci from seven other eutherian mammals. Intron sequences specifically preserved in the X-linked loci were significantly enriched in AT-rich oligomers. Genome-wide analyses showed an overall enrichment in AT motifs unique to the eutherian X (except for genes that escape X inactivation), suggesting a role for these motifs in regulation of the X chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Di Kim
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonellis
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Friery
authors.forename: Baoli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Disteche
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D020856:AT Rich Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D057890:Epigenomics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005796:Genes; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009115:Muridae; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels