title: The efficacy of intranasal antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the new use of intranasal antihistamines as first-line therapies, compare and contrast this class of medication with the traditionally available medications, and discuss the potential for intranasal antihistamines to provide relief superior to second-generation oral antihistamines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review articles and original research articles were retrieved from MEDLINE, OVID, PubMed (1950 to November 2009), personal files of articles, and bibliographies of located articles that addressed the topic of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were selected for their relevance to intranasal antihistamines and their role in allergic rhinitis. Publications included reviews, treatment guidelines, and clinical studies (primarily randomized controlled trials) of both children and adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This panel was charged with reviewing the place of intranasal antihistamines in the spectrum of treatment for allergic rhinitis. Intranasal antihistamines have been shown in numerous randomized, placebo-controlled trials to be more efficacious than the oral antihistamines. Although intranasal corticosteroids are considered by some to be superior to intranasal antihistamines, multiple studies have shown an equal effect of the 2 classes of medication. Both intranasal corticosteroids and intranasal antihistamines have been shown to reduce all symptoms of allergic rhinitis. In addition, some intranasal antihistamines have a more rapid onset of action than intranasal corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The future of allergy treatment will likely involve a combination of both intranasal corticosteroids and intranasal antihistamines because of the benefits of local administration and their additive effect on efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase and Wheaton, Maryland, and George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kaliner
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006633:Histamine Antagonists