title: Stereochemistry at the forefront in the design and discovery of novel anti-tuberculosis agents.
abstract: Today, 75% of new drugs introduced to the market are single enantiomers and new techniques in asymmetric synthesis and chiral separation expedites chiral drug discovery and development worldwide. The enantiomers of a chiral drug present unique chemical and pharmacological behaviors in a chiral environment, such as the human body, in which the stereochemistry of chiral drugs determines their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological actions. Thus, it is imperative that only the pure and therapeutically active isomer be prepared and marketed. Tuberculosis (TB), a highly contagious and airborne disease that is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), currently represents one of the most threatening health problems globally. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), as well as HIV co-infection along with a lengthy treatment regimen, highlights an urgent need for the development of new anti-TB agents. Currently, new chiral anti-TB agents are being developed from some well-known anti-TB agents, high throughput screening (HTS) hits, and natural products. This review will focus on the reported chiral anti-TB agents together with the clinical importance of their chirality and stereochemistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kozikowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014943:Global Health; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001688:Biological Products