title: Application of a battery of biomarkers in mussel digestive gland to assess long-term effects of the Prestige oil spill in Galicia and the Bay of Biscay: lysosomal responses.
abstract: In order to assess the long-term lysosomal responses to the Prestige oil spill (POS), mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, were collected in 22 localities from Galicia and the Bay of Biscay (North Iberian peninsula) in July, and September 2003, April, July, and October 2004-2005 and April 2006. Lysosomal membrane stability (labilisation period, LP) and lysosomal structural changes (lysosomal volume density, Vv(L) and lysosomal surface-to-volume ratio, S/V(L)) were measured as general stress biomarkers. The most remarkable long-term effects after the POS were drastic changes in lysosomal size (lysosomal enlargement) and membrane stability (extremely low LP values) up to April-04. Later on, a recovery trend was envisaged all along the studied area after July-04, albeit membrane stability continued to be below 20 min throughout the studied period up to April-06, which indicates a "distress-to-moderate-stress" condition. Lysosomal Response Index (LRI) revealed that environmental stress was more marked in Galicia than in the Bay of Biscay, mainly in the first sampling year, although a "moderate-to-high-stress" condition persisted until July-05. Overall, although lysosomal size returned to reference values, membrane stability was not fully recovered indicating a stress situation throughout the studied period.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Zoology & Cell Biology Dept, Science & Technology Faculty, University of Basque Country, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, UPV/EHU. Sarriena auzoa Z/G, 48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
authors.forename: Larraitz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garmendia
authors.forename: Urtzi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Izagirre
authors.forename: Miren P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cajaraville
authors.forename: Ionan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marigómez
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia; D017931:DNA Primers; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D010578:Petroleum; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017931:DNA Primers; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical