title: Class 1 integrons and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from pork and humans.
abstract: In this study, 183 Salmonella enterica isolates were characterised for integrons and virulence genes. Among the isolates, 46% were positive for intI1, but no isolates carried intI2 or intI3. Eighteen class 1 integrons (21%) contained resistance gene cassettes (i.e. dfrA1-orfC, dfrA12-aadA2, bla(PSE-1) and aadA2) and five class 1 integrons with the dfrA12-aadA2 array were conjugally transferable. Two Salmonella pork isolates of serotypes Albany and Kedougou possessed Salmonella genomic island 1 variants SGI1-G and SGI1-F, respectively. Four class 1 integrons contained an atypical 3'-CS linked to the qacH-sul3 domain, and three were not a sul type. Two novel GyrA mutations (Pro-45→Ser and Met-48→Ile) and three novel ParC mutations (Ser-5→Arg, Thr-31→Met and Leu-77→Arg) were identified in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. At least 90% of the Salmonella isolates contained pagC, prgH, sitC, sipB or spaN, whereas all isolates harboured invA, msgA, spiA and tolC.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wechsiri
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wannaprasat
authors.forename: Pawin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padungtod
authors.forename: Rungtip
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chuanchuen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D037521:Virulence Factors; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase