title: Commercially produced spray-dried porcine plasma contains increased concentrations of porcine circovirus type 2 DNA but does not transmit porcine circovirus type 2 when fed to naive pigs.
abstract: The porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibody and DNA status of porcine plasma products collected during the commercial spray-drying process were evaluated. Samples evaluated included 52 pooled liquid plasma (fresh) samples collected at 14 regional abattoirs before transport to 1 of 2 spray-drying facilities, 32 pooled liquid plasma (concentrated) samples collected after arrival at the spray-drying facilities at different stages before the spray-drying process, and 32 samples in powdered form (spray-dried) collected after spray drying. All 116 samples were positive for PCV2 antibody, with PCV2 ELISA sample-to-positive ratios ranging from 9.2 to 13.6 on a DM basis. Porcine circovirus type 2 DNA (4.5 to 7.9 log(10) PCV2 copies/mL, DM basis) was present in 82.7% (43/52) of the fresh plasma samples, 71.9% (23/32) of the concentrated plasma samples and 78.1% (25/32) of the spray-dried plasma samples, with a greater prevalence of PCV2b than PCV2a. To determine the infectivity of PCV2 DNA-positive commercial spray-dried plasma, nine 10-wk-old 68-kg PCV2-naïve pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups and rooms: 1) a negative control (no plasma in the feed, not inoculated with PCV2); 2) a positive control (no plasma in the feed, inoculated with PCV2); and 3) plasma-fed pigs (4% porcine plasma in the feed for 42 d, not inoculated with PCV2). All positive control pigs became viremic by 7 d postinoculation and seroconverted by 42 d postinoculation, whereas pigs in the negative control group and in the spray-dried plasma group were PCV2 PCR negative and did not seroconvert to PCV2 for the duration of the study. The results indicate that PCV2 DNA and antibodies are commonly found in commercial spray-dried plasma. However, no evidence of infectivity of the PCV2 DNA was found in naïve pigs when commercial spray-dried plasma was included in the diet under the conditions of this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schalk
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Halbur
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opriessnig
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral