title: Effects of exercise training on high-mobility group box-1 levels after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a novel predictor of adverse postinfarction clinical outcomes, playing a crucial role in the appropriate postinfarction healing process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five postinfarction patients were enrolled in a single-center randomized study (clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT00755131). Group T patients (training, n = 37) underwent 6-month exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, whereas group C patients (controls, n = 38) were discharged with generic instructions for maintaining physical activity and a correct lifestyle. After 6 months, HMGB1 levels were significantly reduced in the total population (26.1 ± 23.5 vs. 16.2 ± 12.9 ng/mL; P = .0006). After adjusting for several confounders, linear regression analysis showed that the inclusion in the training group (β = -10.54, P = .043) was associated with marked reduction of HMGB1 levels. After 6 months, HMGB1 levels were significantly lower in trained patients compared to controls (11.7 ± 7.0 vs. 20.5 ± 15.6 ng/mL, P = .0027, respectively). In trained patients, decreased HMGB1 levels were significantly associated with the improvement in peak oxygen consumption (β = -3.879, P = .003) and heart rate recovery (β = -2.492, P = .002), and with reduced left ventricular end-diastolic volume (β = 1.412, P = .001) and wall motion score index (β = 1.138, P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in HMGB1 levels after anterior myocardial infarction was associated with exercise training and with the improvement of cardiopulmonary and autonomic function, and with favorable cardiac remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. giallauria@libero.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giallauria
authors.forename: Plinio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Mariantonietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'agostino
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrillo
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitelli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacileo
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Angri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiariello
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigorito
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein