title: Effects of isoflurane anesthesia and pilocarpine on rat parotid saliva flow.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isoflurane on unstimulated and pilocarpine-stimulated parotid saliva secretion. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 350-400 g were randomized into two groups, and the saliva flow rate and lag phase were measured at two doses of isoflurane in a crossover study design. Increasing the isoflurane concentration from 1% to 2% was associated with a 19% decrease in saliva secretion rate, and the lag to saliva secretion was increased by 155%. To clarify whether the effect of isoflurane (1.5%) on the parotid flow varied with stimulus intensity, we measured the parotid flow induced by seven different doses of pilocarpine on sham-irradiated rats and rats irradiated with single doses of 15 Gy. A maximal pilocarpine response was obtained with 1.5 mg/kg in both irradiated and sham-irradiated rats; however, the parotid flow of the irradiated rats was 50% slower than that of the sham-irradiated rats. In conclusion, 1.5% isoflurane was found to be a good compromise between proper anesthesia and isoflurane-induced inhibition of saliva secretion. Pilocarpine induces saliva secretion in a dose-dependent matter, with supra-maximal stimulation achieved using 1.5 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet. Jakob.Knudsen@rh.regionh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nauntofte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Josipovic
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Engelholm
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hyldegaard
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D010862:Pilocarpine; D007530:Isoflurane