title: Abnormal brain default-mode network functional connectivity in drug addicts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The default mode network (DMN) is a set of brain regions that exhibit synchronized low frequency oscillations at resting-state, and is believed to be relevant to attention and self-monitoring. As the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus are impaired in drug addiction and meanwhile are parts of the DMN, the present study examined addiction-related alteration of functional connectivity of the DMN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of chronic heroin users (14 males, age: 30.1±5.3 years, range from 22 to 39 years) and non-addicted controls (13 males, age: 29.8±7.2 years, range from 20 to 39 years) were investigated with independent component analysis to address their functional connectivity of the DMN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, heroin users showed increased functional connectivity in right hippocampus and decreased functional connectivity in right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left caudate in the DMN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest drug addicts' abnormal functional organization of the DMN, and are discussed as addiction-related abnormally increased memory processing but diminished cognitive control related to attention and self-monitoring, which may underlie the hypersensitivity toward drug related cues but weakened strength of cognitive control in the state of addiction.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. man@ustc.edu.cn
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xian-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chang-Xin
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ruo-Bing
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Hu-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Da-Ren
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D055030:Drug Users; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult