title: Mineral distribution of artificial dentinal caries lesions after treatment with fluoride agents in combination with saliva substitutes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some saliva substitutes have been shown to demineralize dentine in vitro. This effect is counteracted by the application of various fluorides. In contrast, remineralizing saliva substitutes might be supported by these treatments, depending on the dynamics during remineralization. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride mouthrinses or gels in combination with de-/remineralizing saliva substitutes on dentinal subsurface lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demineralized bovine dentine specimens were stored either in mineral water [saturation with respect to octacalcium phosphate (S(OCP)): 0.7], Glandosane (G, S(OCP): 0.3) or in a modified saliva substitute Saliva natura (SN, S(OCP): 1.9) for five weeks (37°C). Fluoride agents were applied twice daily for 10 min (n = 15/group): no treatment, Meridol mouthrinse, Elmex sensitive solution, ProSchmelz fluoride gel, Elmex gelée. After storage thin sections were prepared and mineral losses before and after storage were evaluated from microradiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specimens stored in G alone showed significantly higher mineral loss compared to those stored in water, SN or G in combination with any additional treatment (p < 0.05). Storage in SN and treatment with ProSchmelz fluoride gel led to significantly higher remineralization compared to all other groups (p < 0.05) and resulted in distinct mineral gain within the lesion body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the in vitro conditions chosen, use of fluoride agents in combination with a demineralizing saliva substitute resulted in reduced mineral loss. Storage in modified Saliva natura in combination with the application of ProSchmelz fluoride gel induced the most pronounced remineralization also of deeper lesion areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschoppe
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lueckel
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D003959:Diamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005782:Gels; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000139:chemically induced; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D008903:Minerals; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C059813:Meridol; C022045:octacalcium phosphate; C495399:Olaflur; D017886:Durapatite; C025105:fluorapatite; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate; D005459:Fluorides