title: Influence of magnesium status and magnesium intake on the blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess magnesium intake and magnesium status in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the parameters that best predict alterations in fasting glucose and plasma magnesium.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 51; 53.6 ± 10.5 y) selected within the inclusion factors, at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes. Magnesium intake was assessed by three 24-h recalls. Urine, plasma and erythrocytes magnesium, fasting and 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1, microalbuminuria, proteinuria, and serum and urine creatinine were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean magnesium intake (9.37 ± 1.76 mmol/d), urine magnesium (2.80 ± 1.51 mmol/d), plasma magnesium (0.71 ± 0.08 mmol/L) and erythrocyte magnesium (1.92 ± 0.23 mmol/L) levels were low. Seventy-seven percent of participants presented one or more magnesium status parameters below the cut-off points of 3.00 mmol/L for urine, 0.75 mmol/L for plasma and 1.65 mmol/L for erythrocytes. Subjects presented poor blood glucose control with fasting glucose of 8.1 ± 3.7 mmol/L, 2-h postprandial glucose of 11.1 ± 5.1 mmol/L, and HbA1 of 11.4 ± 3.0%. The parameters that influenced fasting glucose were urine, plasma and dietary magnesium, while plasma magnesium was influenced by creatinine clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium status was influenced by kidney depuration and was altered in patients with type 2 diabetes, and magnesium showed to play an important role in blood glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. cristianehermes@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Cristiane Hermes
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.forename: Lucia Fátima Campos
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Josivan Gomes
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Telma Maria Araújo Moura
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Célia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D015994:Incidence; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008274:Magnesium; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human