title: Systematic review of maintenance of behavior change following physical activity and dietary interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the past decade, there has been no systematic review of the evidence for maintenance of physical activity and/or dietary behavior change following intervention (follow-up). This systematic review addressed three questions: 1) How frequently do trials report on maintenance of behavior change? 2) How frequently do interventions achieve maintenance of behavior change? 3) What sample, methodologic, or intervention characteristics are common to trials achieving maintenance?
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of trials that evaluated a physical activity and/or dietary behavior change intervention among adults, with measurement at preintervention, postintervention, and at least 3 months following intervention completion (follow-up).
  
  
  METHODS
  Maintenance of behavior change was defined as a significant between-groups difference at postintervention and at follow-up, for one or more physical activity and/or dietary outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maintenance outcomes were reported in 35% of the 157 intervention trials initially considered for review. Of the 29 trials that met all inclusion criteria, 21 (72%) achieved maintenance. Characteristics common to trials achieving maintenance included those related to sample characteristics (targeting women), study methods (higher attrition and pretrial behavioral screening), and intervention characteristics (longer duration [>24 weeks], face-to-face contact, use of more intervention strategies [>6], and use of follow-up prompts).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maintenance of physical activity and dietary behavior change is not often reported; when it is, it is often achieved. To advance the evidence, the field needs consensus on reporting of maintenance outcomes, controlled evaluations of intervention strategies to promote maintenance, and more detailed reporting of interventions.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. b.fjeldsoe@sph.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Brianna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fjeldsoe
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eakin
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055502:Secondary Prevention