title: Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of cardiac resynchronization therapy in addition to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in patients with mild to moderate congestive heart failure had not been shown to reduce mortality until the recent RAFT trial (Resynchronization/Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial). We performed a meta-analysis including the RAFT trial to determine the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator on mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched electronic databases and other sources for reports of randomized trials using a parallel or crossover design. We included studies involving patients with heart failure receiving optimal medical therapy that compared cardiac resynchronization therapy with optimal medical therapy alone, or cardiac resynchronization therapy plus an implantable defibrillator with a standard implantable defibrillator. The primary outcome was mortality. The optimum information size was considered to assess the minimum amount of information required in the literature to reach reliable conclusions about cardiac resynchronization therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3071 reports identified, 12 studies (n = 7538) were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with optimal medical therapy alone, cardiac resynchronization therapy plus optimal medical therapy significantly reduced mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.85). Compared with an implantable defibrillator alone, cardiac resynchronization therapy plus an implantable defibrillator significantly reduced mortality (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.96). This last finding remained significant among patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II disease (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96) but not among those with class III or IV disease (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69-1.07). Analysis of the optimum information size showed that the sequential monitoring boundary was crossed, which suggests no need for further clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cumulative evidence is now conclusive that the addition of cardiac resynchronization to optimal medical therapy or defibrillator therapy significantly reduces mortality among patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ont. gawells@ottawaheart.ca
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Ratika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parkash
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Healey
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talajic
authors.forename: J Malcolm
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yetisir
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Theoret-Patrick
authors.forename: Marilynn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luce
authors.forename: Anthony S L
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic