title: Standardization of a method of prolonged thoracic surgery and mechanical ventilation in rats to evaluate local and systemic inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immediate pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response after a long-term operative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats in the experimental group were anaesthetized and submitted to tracheostomy, thoracotomy and remained on mechanical ventilation during three hours. Control animals were not submitted to the operative protocol. The following parameters have been evaluated: pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, pulmonary serum protein extravasation, lung wet/dry weight ratio and measurement of levels of cytokines in serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operated animals exhibited significantly lower serum protein extravasation in lungs compared with control animals. The lung wet/dry weight ratio and myeloperoxidase activity did not differ between groups. Serum cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were not detected in groups, whereas IL-6 was detected only in operated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental mechanical ventilation in rats with a prolonged surgical time did not produce significant local and systemic inflammatory changes and permit to evaluate others procedures in thoracic surgery.
authors.affiliation: UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Ferreira
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Ivan Felizardo Contrera
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Ricardo Kalaf
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mussi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009929:Organ Size; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009195:Peroxidase