title: Differentiated expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in experimental models and clinical neuroblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroblastoma (NB) is a solid tumor of childhood originating from the adrenal medulla or sympathetic nervous system. Somatostatin (SS) is an important regulator of neural and neuroendocrine function, its actions being mediated through five specific membrane receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the different somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in NB tumor cells that may form targets for future therapeutic development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor specimens from 11 children with stage II-IV disease were collected before and/or after chemotherapy. Experimental tumors derived from five human NB cell lines were grown subcutaneously in nude mice. Expression of SSRTs, the neuroendocrine marker chromogranin A (CgA) and SS was detected by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSTR2 was detected in 90%, SSTR5 in 79%, SSTR1 in 74%, SSTR3 in 68% whereas SSTR4 was expressed in 21% of the clinical tumors. The experimental tumors expressed SSTRs in a high but variable frequency. All clinical tumors showed immunoreactivity for CgA but not for SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequent expression of SSTRs indicates that treatment with unlabeled or radiolabeled SS analogs should be further explored in NB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. clary.georgantzi@kbh.uu.se
authors.forename: Kleopatra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Georgantzi
authors.forename: Apostolos V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tsolakis
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stridsberg
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakobson
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Christofferson
authors.forename: Eva Tiensuu
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Janson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin