title: Insufficient sleep in young patients with diabetes and their families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined sleep in families of individuals with type 1 diabetes and the relationship of sleep with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probands with type 1 diabetes diagnosed before age 18 and first- and second-degree relatives were included (n = 323). Demographic, anthropometric and clinical variables, and self-reported sleep duration and napping were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, adults (≥20 years) slept 7.5 (SD 1.5) hr, whereas children (5-11 years) and adolescents (12-19 years) slept 9.8 (SD 1.1) and 8.5 (SD 1.9) hr, respectively (p < .01). Based on national recommendations, 40.9% of participants slept insufficiently, particularly young people (vs. adults, p < .01). In age-group stratified analysis, there were no significant associations of insufficient sleep or sleep duration with obesity, diabetes status, or insulin resistance after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and gender. In all, 42% of participants reported napping regularly (≥1/week), with adolescents significantly more likely to do so (vs. adults, odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, p < .01). Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics also had higher odds of regular napping (vs. non-Hispanic Whites, OR = 3.74, p < .01 and OR = 2.52, p = .03, respectively). In adjusted analysis, leaner (vs. obese) adolescents, whether measured by body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference, were significantly more likely to nap regularly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that insufficient sleep was significantly more likely in children and adolescents compared with adults in families with type 1 diabetes. Lower adiposity was associated with regular napping in adolescents. The high prevalence of insufficient sleep in young patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives detected in the current study may have significant health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Carmela L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: Kirstie K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: Melinda L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Drum
authors.forename: Rebecca B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lipton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002641:Chicago; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D055815:Young Adult