title: Urban and rural mortality rates during heat waves in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany.
abstract: In large cities such as Berlin, human mortality rates increase during intense heat waves. Analysis of relevant data from north-eastern Germany revealed that, during the heat waves that occurred between 1990 and 2006, health risks were higher for older people in both rural and urban areas, but that, during the two main heat waves within that 17-year period of time, the highest mortality rates were from the city of Berlin, and in particular from its most densely built-up districts. Adaptation measures will need to be developed, particularly within urban areas, in order to cope with the expected future intensification of heat waves due to global climate change.
authors.affiliation: Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Climatology Chair, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina M A
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Wilfried R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Endlicher
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D057231:Climate Change; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000401:mortality*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*