title: Foraminal stenosis complicating retained broken epidural needle tip -A case report-.
abstract: Lumbar epidural anesthesia is useful in a variety of chronic benign pain syndromes, including lumbar radiculopathy, low back pain syndrome, spinal stenosis, and vertebral compression fractures. Given the increased number of epidural nerve blocks being performed, some have reported unexplained complications of a transient or permanent nature and with varying degrees of severity. However, no case has been reported of a broken epidural needle tip retained in the lumbar facet joint area. This represents the first reported case presentation of foraminal stenosis developing in a patient after a retained epidural needle tip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Secred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Wong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Yong-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cho