title: A cross-sectional survey of nonspecific low back pain among 2083 schoolchildren in China.
abstract: METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 2083 schoolchildren.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of nonspecific low back pain (LBP) among schoolchildren aged between 10 and 18 years in China.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  LBP have been a serious health problem in schoolchildren. On the basis of literature, the lifetime occurrence of nonspecific LBP in children and adolescents varies between 7% and 72%, but little is known about LBP among this demographic group in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Schoolchildren aged 10 to 18 years were sampled from two grades in an elementary school and four grades in a secondary school. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire on LBP. The questionnaire addressed demographic items, anthropometric factors and characteristics of nonspecific LBP, such as frequency, duration, nature, pain scale. Nonspecific LBP is defined as the pain in the back from the 12th ribs to the buttock area without organic factors. A total of 2235 questionnaires were distributed, of which 2100 were answered, a response rate of 93.7%. Among those answers, 2083 (977 from male students and 1106 from female students) provided measurable data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of nonspecific LBP was high, with 29.1% students suffering from this condition in the past 3 months (24.7% in boys, 33.1% in girls). In addition, an increased occurrence was observed with age. The occurrences of LBP in 10 to 14 years and 15 to 18 years were 21.5% and 38.2%, respectively. In several aspects of LBP, statistically significant differences were observed between boys and girls, including the frequency of the pain (P = 0.003), the nature of the pain (P = 0.000), the likelihood of seeking for medical assistance (P = 0.007), the impact on normal daily life (P = 0.016), and the occurrence of LBP after bending over the desk for a period of time (P = 0.024). Female students had more frequent LBP and were less willing to see a physician. In addition, more female students (45/366) had LBP accompanied with radiating pain than male students (20/241).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of LBP in Chinese schoolchildren. The occurrence of LBP increases with age in both sexes. LBP is significantly more prevalent in girls.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Humanities and Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Weiguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Chenling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Fuzhi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires