title: Physical exercise reduces circulating lipopolysaccharide and TLR4 activation and improves insulin signaling in tissues of DIO rats.
abstract: Insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with a chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the link among insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity. The current study aimed to analyze the effect of exercise on TLR4 expression and activation in obese rats and its consequences on insulin sensitivity and signaling.
  
  
  
  The effect of chronic and acute exercise was investigated on insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, TLR4 activation, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and IκB kinase (IKKβ) activity, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels in tissues of DIO rats.
  
  
  
  The results showed that chronic exercise reduced TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, both acute and chronic exercise blunted TLR4 signaling in these tissues, including a reduction in JNK and IKKβ phosphorylation and IRS-1 serine 307 phosphorylation, and, in parallel, improved insulin-induced IR, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and Akt serine phosphorylation, and reduced LPS serum levels.
  
  
  
  Our results show that physical exercise in DIO rats, both acute and chronic, induces an important suppression in the TLR4 signaling pathway in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, reduces LPS serum levels, and improves insulin signaling and sensitivity. These data provide considerable progress in our understanding of the molecular events that link physical exercise to an improvement in inflammation and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tobar
authors.forename: Eduardo R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ropelle
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.forename: Renata A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bagarolli
authors.forename: Dioze
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guadagnini
authors.forename: José B C
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carvalheira
authors.forename: Mario J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004032:Diet; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases