title: Hepatocyte differentiation of human fibroblasts from cirrhotic liver in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts have intimate relationships, and the phenotypic homology between fibroblasts and MSCs has been recently described. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic differentiating potential of human fibroblasts in cirrhotic liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phenotypes of fibroblasts in cirrhotic liver were labeled by biological methods. After that, the differentiation potential of these fibroblasts in vitro was characterized in terms of liver-specific gene and protein expression. Finally, an animal model of hepatocyte regeneration in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was created by retrorsine injection and partial hepatectomy, and the expression of human hepatocyte proteins in SCID mouse livers was checked by immunohistochemical analysis after fibroblast administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface immunophenotyping revealed that a minority of fibroblasts expressed markers of MSCs and hepatic epithelial cytokeratins as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin, but homogeneously expressed vimentin, desmin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase and fibronectin. These fibroblasts presented the characteristics of hepatocytes in vitro and differentiated directly into functional hepatocytes in the liver of hepatectomized SCID mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that fibroblasts in cirrhotic liver have the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings infer that hepatic differentiation of fibroblasts may serve as a new target for reversion of liver fibrosis and a cell source for tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sheng-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hai-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D000418:Albumins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D003893:Desmin; D005353:Fibronectins; D014746:Vimentin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins