title: Reconstruction following traumatic partial amputation of the ear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reconstruction following traumatic amputation of the external ear remains a unique challenge to the plastic surgeon. The authors report a series of ear reconstructions with autologous costal cartilage in patients following traumatic partial amputation of the ear. Technical points regarding the carving of the cartilage framework and methods of skin coverage are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty partial ear reconstructions with autologous costal cartilage were performed over a 4-year period. All patients had suffered previous traumatic amputation of part of the external auricle due to bite injuries (n = 36), road traffic accidents (n = 6), burns (n = 5), or torture (n = 3). A two-stage technique of reconstruction with autologous cartilage graft was used based on Nagata's adaptations of Brent's original technique. In nine cases, skin shortage or extensive scarring required preoperative tissue expansion (n = 4) or a temporoparietal fascial flap (n = 5) to provide adequate coverage of the cartilage framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven patients had a successful surgical outcome without complication. Two patients developed small areas of skin necrosis resulting in exposure of the cartilage framework. These healed with conservative management with minor loss of definition. One case of wound infection resulted in significant loss of definition of the construct, which required a further surgical procedure with additional costal cartilage graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the external ear with autologous costal cartilage following traumatic amputation can produce high-quality auricles consistently and is becoming the treatment of choice for such injuries, given access to a specialist center with exposure to a high volume of cases.
authors.affiliation: London, United Kingdom From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000601:surgery*; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000601:surgery*; D001734:Bites, Human / Q000601:surgery; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D004426:Ear Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery; D004431:Ear, External / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055815:Young Adult