title: Diabetes mellitus and oral mucosa alterations: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of oral mucosa alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify possible risk factors related to oral mucosa alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  146 patients with type 2 diabetes and 111 age- and gender-matched healthy controls subjects were consecutively recruited from Araraquara School of Dentistry to answer a structured questionnaire designed to collect demographic data as well as current and former history of diabetes. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was carried out by a stomatologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher prevalence of oral mucosa alterations was found in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (p<0.001), with significant difference to development conditions (p<0.0001), potentially malignant disorders (p<0.0001) and fungal infections (p<0.05). In the multiple logistic regression, diabetes (odds ratio 9.9 IC 5.11-19.16) and smoking habit (odds ratio 3.17 IC 1.42-7.12) increased the odds of oral mucosa alterations significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with diabetes mellitus not only showed an increased prevalence of oral mucosa alterations but also a significant percentage of potentially malignant disorders. These findings elucidate the necessity of regular clinical examination to ensure early diagnosis and prompt management of oral mucosa lesions in patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alliny de Souza
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Andressa Rosa Perin
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spin-Neto
authors.forename: Patrícia Oehlmeyer
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: Elaine Maria Sgavioli
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Massucato
authors.forename: Silvana Regina Perez
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Orrico
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology