title: Relation of late-life social activity with incident disability among community-dwelling older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that a higher level of social activity was associated with decreased risk of incident disability in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from older adults in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of aging. Analyses were restricted to persons without clinical dementia and reporting no need for help performing any task in the particular functional domain assessed. Participants were followed for an average of 5.1 years (SD = 2.5). Social activity, based on 6 items (visiting friends or relatives; going to restaurants, sporting events, or playing games; group meetings; church/religious services; day or overnight trips; unpaid community/volunteer work), was assessed at baseline. Disability in basic activities of daily living, mobility disability, and instrumental activities of daily living was assessed annually. Proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, and education were used to examine the association between social activity and incident disability. Fully adjusted models included terms for depression, vascular diseases and risk factors, body mass index, social networks, and self-reported physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In fully adjusted models, among 954 persons without baseline disability, the risk of developing disability in activities of daily living decreased by 43% (hazard ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.46, 0.71) for each additional unit of social activity. Social activity was also associated with decreased risk of developing mobility disability (hazard ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.54, 0.88) and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.55, 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social activity is associated with a decreased risk of incident disability in activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living, among community-dwelling older adults.
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Room 1038, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. bryan_james@rush.edu
authors.forename: Bryan D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Aron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009043:Motor Activity; D012306:Risk; D012919:Social Behavior; D058992:Social Participation; D012944:Social Support; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology