title: Outcomes of chest compression only CPR versus conventional CPR conducted by lay people in patients with out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest witnessed by bystanders: nationwide population based observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with chest compression only and conventional CPR on outcomes after cardiopulmonary arrest out of hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide population based observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide emergency medical service system in Japan. Population All consecutive patients with out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest, January 2005 to December 2007 in Japan, witnessed at the moment of collapse. Lay people attempted chest compression only CPR (n = 20,707) or conventional CPR (mouth to mouth ventilation and chest compression) (n = 19,328), and patients were transferred to hospital by ambulance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factors associated with better outcomes (assessed with χ(2), multiple logistic regression analysis, odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals): one month survival and neurologically favourable one month survival rates defined as category one (good cerebral performance) or two (moderate cerebral disability) of the cerebral performance categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional CPR was associated with better outcomes than chest compression only CPR, for both one month survival (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.29) and neurologically favourable one month survival (1.17, 1.01 to 1.35). Neurologically favourable one month survival decreased with increasing age and with delays of up to 10 minutes in starting CPR for both conventional and chest compression only CPR. The benefit of conventional CPR over chest compression only CPR was significantly greater in younger people in non-cardiac cases (P = 0.025) and with a delay in start of CPR after the event was witnessed in non-cardiac cases (P = 0.015) and all cases combined (P = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional CPR is associated with better outcomes than chest compression only CPR for selected patients with out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest, such as those with arrests of non-cardiac origin and younger people, and people in whom there was delay in the start of CPR.
authors.affiliation: Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan. ogawat@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akahane
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Seizan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006336:Heart Massage / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014838:Volunteers; D055815:Young Adult