title: The spectrum of median craniofacial dysplasia.
abstract: Given the multiple permutations in craniofacial malformations, classification of median craniofacial dysplasia or midline Tessier no. 0 to 14 clefts has been difficult and disjointed. In this review, the authors present a summary of normal embryology, prior terminology, and their proposed new classification system. Median craniofacial dysplasia has tissue agenesis and holoprosencephaly at one end (the hypoplasias), frontonasal hyperplasia and excessive tissue (the hyperplasias) at the other end, and abnormal splitting or clefting and normal tissue volume (dysraphia) occupying the middle portion of the spectrum. These three distinct subclassifications have different forms of anomalies within their groups.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles, Calif.; and Nasser City, Sohag, Egypt From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center; the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sohag University School of Medicine; and the University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Karam A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.forename: Derrick C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Henry K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Heddie O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Sedano
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saied
mesh_terms: D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology; D009626:Terminology as Topic