title: Fetal-neonatal ovarian cysts--their monitoring and management: retrospective evaluation of 20 cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neonatal ovarian cysts (NOC) are usually self-limiting structures. However, large or complex cysts may lead to severe complications. A standard guide to management, treatment and follow-up of NOC is not yet available. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the records of NOC patients from two medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 newborns with NOC were included in the study. The size and localization of the cyst, the age, the signs and symptoms at presentation, and the possible maternal and fetal-neonatal etiologic factors were recorded. Follow-up procedures and treatment modalities were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at diagnosis was 34 gestational weeks. The cysts (mean size 53±15 mm) were predominantly in the right ovary (75%) and were evaluated as large cysts in 16 (80%) of the patients. In 5 of the patients with large cysts and in 1 of the 4 patients with small cysts, the cysts were evaluated as complex cysts. Torsion of the ovary was detected in five (25%) cases and these cases were treated surgically. Patients with simple cysts were closely followed by ultrasonography until the cysts disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, there is no precise guide for the monitoring and treatment of NOCs. Surgical treatment should always be performed in a way to protect the ovaries and to ensure future fertility. In our NOC series, it has been possible to apply a non-invasive follow-up program and minimally invasive surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. mustafaaliakin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mustafa Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akın
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Akın
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özbek
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tireli
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavuncuoğlu
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akçakuş
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Güneş
authors.forename: M Adnan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurtoğlu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies