title: High-fidelity patient simulation series to supplement introductory pharmacy practice experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a high-fidelity simulation series into a 5-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum to demonstrate a hybrid model for introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourth-year pharmacy students at a satellite campus participated in a 6-week high-fidelity patient simulation series in which small groups of students worked with members of a patient care team to care for patients in the following scenarios: asthma exacerbation, acute decompensated heart failure, and infective endocarditis with a subsequent anaphylactic reaction to the antibiotic. Fourth-year pharmacy students at the main campus who did not participate in the simulation served as a comparator group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students' scores on a knowledge-based post-simulation quiz were significantly higher than scores on the presimulation quiz (p < 0.05). Knowledge retention was significantly higher among the simulation participants than students in the comparator group (p = 0.004). The majority (76%) of students felt more confident "making clinical recommendations to a healthcare provider" after completing the simulation series (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-fidelity patient simulation is an effective active-learning strategy to augment IPPEs that allows students to apply clinical skills in a realistic but low-risk patient care setting.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Kansas City, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wombwell
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caligiuri
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D010348:Patient Care Team; D016544:Patient Simulation; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods; D013339:Students, Pharmacy