title: The effect of the fibrinolytic enzyme FIIa from Agkistrodon acutus venom on acute pulmonary thromboembolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of the fibrinolytic enzyme FII(a) from Agkistrodon acutus venom on acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APT) in animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both rabbit and dog APT models were used. For the rabbit APT model, the thrombi weight before and after administration was measured. Central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured before and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after the injection of the blood clot. Partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelet count, and fibrinogen concentration were measured using auto analyzers. Plasminogen activity was measured based on chromogenic substrates. In the dog APT model, pulmonary blood flow was recorded using pulmonary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravenous administration of FIIa (0.1-5.0 mg/kg) improved the APT-induced hemodynamic derangements and reduced thrombi weight. The angiography evidence also showed that the pulmonary emboli had almost disappeared after FII(a) infusion. FII(a) (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) did not impair the coagulation pathways, although very high doses of FII(a) (5.0 mg/kg) could stimulate the production of plasminogen and result in impairment of the pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FII(a) could effectively protect against APT via degradation of thrombi with less activation of plasminogen, and may provide a novel fibrinolytic enzyme for targeting the main pathological processes of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Ji-nan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiu-xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jian-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jia-shu
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng-xin
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Guang-mei
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017836:Agkistrodon; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010958:Plasminogen; C478420:FIIa; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases