title: Clinical concomitant benefits on pelvic floor dysfunctions after sacral neuromodulation in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the concomitant clinical improvement in incomplete spinal cord injury patients (SCIPs) suffering from neurogenic bowel symptoms (NBSs), neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (NLUTSs) and neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) using sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for NBSs and NLUTSs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five SCIPs were selected. Before and during the follow-ups post-SNM, NLUTSs and NBSs were detected mainly through specific diaries. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function composed of 5 questions (IIEF5). Quality of life (QoL) was measured with the Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). During the first stage, in which a permanent electrode was inserted percutaneously into the third sacral foramina and stimulated using an external generator, patients with NBSs or NLUTSs were required to improve their symptoms by at least 50% compared with baseline before proceeding to the second stage in which the generator was placed in the patient's buttock. NED patients needed to increase their IIEF5 score by at least 25% compared with baseline (evaluated initially 3 months after the second stage) in order to continue follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen out of 37 subjects who manifested two functional pelvic dysfunctions at baseline maintained notable clinical improvement in two pelvic functions (median follow-up >3 years). Six had non-obstructive retention (NOR) and NED, six double incontinence, and two constipation with NOR. In the general and mental health domains of the SF-36, all patients improved their scores by at least 20% compared with baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNM may be beneficial to selected incomplete SCIP with concomitant pelvic functional disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Urology Spinal Unit Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. giuseppelombardi@interfree.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mencarini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Popolo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055496:Neurogenic Bowel / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult