title: The effect of very-low-calorie diet on mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral monocytes of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-grade inflammation links obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the expression profile of genes involved in inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue and peripheral monocytes (PM) of obese patients with and without T2DM at baseline and after dietary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-week intervention study with very-low-calorie diet (VLCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve obese females with T2DM, 8 obese nondiabetic females (OB) and 15 healthy age-matched females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two weeks of VLCD (2500 kJ/d).
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic parameters, circulating cytokines, hormones, and mRNA expression of 39 genes in sc adipose tissue (SCAT) and PM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both T2DM and OB group had significantly increased serum concentrations of circulating proinflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8), mRNA expression of macrophage antigen CD68 and proinflammatory chemokines (CCL-2, -3, -7, -8, -17, -22) in SCAT and complementary chemokine receptors (CCR-1, -2, -3, -5) and other proinflammatory receptors (toll-like receptor 2 and 4, TNF receptor superfamily 1A and 1B, IL-6R) in PM, with OB group showing less pronounced chemoattracting and proinflammatory profile compared to T2DM group. In T2DM patients VLCD decreased body weight, improved metabolic profile, and decreased mRNA expression of up-regulated CCRs in PM and chemokines [CCL 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10] in SCAT. VLCD markedly increased mRNA expression of T-lymphocyte attracting chemokine CCL-17 in SCAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese patients with and without T2DM have increased mRNA expression of chemotactic and proinflammatory factors in SCAT and expression of corresponding receptors in PM. Two weeks of VLCD significantly improved this profile in T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, General University Hospital and First Medical Faculty, Charles University, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mraz
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lacinova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drapalova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haluzikova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horinek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matoulek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trachta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kavalkova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svacina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haluzik
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054417:Receptors, Adipokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D018925:Chemokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054417:Receptors, Adipokine; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine