title: "Bouquet arrest", monopolar chromosomes segregation, and correction of the abnormal spindle.
abstract: According to our data, the arrest of univalents in bouquet arrangement is a widespread meiotic feature in cereal haploids and allohaploids (wide hybrids F(1)). We have analyzed 83 different genotypes of cereal haploids and allohaploids with visualization of the cytoskeleton and found a bouquet arrest in 45 of them (in 30% to 100% pollen mother cells (PMCs)). The meiotic plant cell division in 26 various genotypes with a zygotene bouquet arrest was analyzed in detail. In three of them in PMCs, a very specific monopolar conic-shaped figure at early prometaphase is formed. This monopolar figure consists of mono-oriented univalents and their kinetochore fibers converging in pointed pole. Such figures are never observed at wild-type prometaphase or in asynaptic meiosis in the variants without a bouquet arrest. Later at prometaphase, the bipolar central spindle fibers join in this monopolar figure, and a bipolar spindle with all univalents connected to one pole is formed. As a result of monopolar chromosome segregation at anaphase and normal cytokinesis at telophase, a dyad with one member carrying a restitution nucleus and the other enucleated is formed. However, such phenotype has only three genotypes among 26 analyzed with a bouquet arrest. In the remaining 23 haploids and allohaploids, the course of prometaphase was altered after the conic monopolar figure formation. In these variants, the completely formed conic monopolar figure was disintegrated into a chaotic network of spindle fibers and univalents acquired a random orientation. This arrangement looks like a mid-prometaphase in the wild-type meiosis. At late prometaphase, a bipolar spindle is formed with the univalents distributed more or less equally between two poles, similar to the phenotypes without a bouquet arrest. The product of cell division is a dyad with aneuploid members. Thus, the spindle abnormality-monopolar chromosome orientation-is corrected. In some cells the correction of the prometaphase monopolus occurs by means of its splitting into two half-spindles and their rotation along the future division axis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. shamina@mcb.nsc.ru
authors.forename: Nataliya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Shamina
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048749:Cytokinesis; D003599:Cytoskeleton; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D006238:Haploidy; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism; D008540:Meiosis; D011058:Pollen / Q000166:cytology; D049468:Prometaphase; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*