title: Vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in macular edema with central retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) influences macular edema in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 27 patients who had CRVO with macular edema and 21 patients with nonischemic ocular diseases (control group), retinal ischemia was evaluated by measuring the area of capillary nonperfusion on fluorescein angiography and macular edema was examined by optical coherence tomography. Vitreous fluid samples were obtained during pars plana vitrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vitreous level of VEGF was significantly higher in the CRVO patients than in the controls (median: 366 vs. 15.6 pg/ml, P < 0.0001), while the vitreous level of PEDF was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls (median: 17.5 vs. 28.4 ng/ml, P = 0.0298). Vitreous levels of VEGF were significantly higher in CRVO patients with retinal ischemia than in those without ischemia (P < 0.0001), while PEDF levels did not show a significant difference. Vitreous levels of VEGF and PEDF were related to the retinal thickness at the central fovea (P = 0.0059 and P = 0.0308, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF and PEDF may independently influence retinal vascular permeability in CRVO patients with macular edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan. nomahide@tymc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human