title: Associations between concentrations of vitamin D and concentrations of insulin, glucose, and HbA1c among adolescents in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine the associations between concentrations of vitamin D and concentrations of insulin, glucose, and HbA(1c) in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data for 1,941 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted concentrations of insulin were ~24% lower among male subjects with a concentration of vitamin D ≥ 75 nmol/L than among male subjects with a concentration of vitamin D <50 nmol/L (P = 0.003). Concentrations of vitamin D were inversely associated with concentrations of glucose only among Mexican American male subjects (P = 0.007). No significant associations between concentrations of vitamin D and HbA(1c) were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support an inverse association between concentrations of vitamin D and insulin primarily in adolescent male subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. eford@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D014807:Vitamin D