title: Predictors of the trajectories of self-reported sleep disturbance in men with prostate cancer during and following radiation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how self-reported ratings of sleep disturbance changed from the time of the simulation visit to four months after the completion of radiation therapy (RT) and to investigate whether specific patient, disease, and symptom characteristics predicted the initial levels of sleep disturbance and/or characteristics of the trajectories of sleep disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two radiation therapy centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 82) who underwent primary or adjuvant RT for prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in self-reported sleep disturbance were measured using the General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Trait and state anxiety were measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to answer the study aims. Self-reported sleep disturbance increased during the course of RT and then decreased following the completion of RT. Predictors of higher levels of sleep disturbance included younger age, higher levels of trait anxiety, higher levels of depressive symptoms, and higher levels of sleep disturbance at the initiation of RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbance is a significant problem in patients with prostate cancer who undergo RT. Younger men with co-occurring depression and anxiety may be at greatest risk for sleep disturbance during RT.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Marylin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Bradley E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Aouizerat
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires