title: Dietary fat intake and the risk of depression: the SUN Project.
abstract: Emerging evidence relates some nutritional factors to depression risk. However, there is a scarcity of longitudinal assessments on this relationship.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between fatty acid intake or the use of culinary fats and depression incidence in a Mediterranean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study (1999-2010) of 12,059 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 37.5 years) initially free of depression with permanently open enrolment. At baseline, a 136-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate the intake of fatty acids (saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), trans unsaturated fatty acids (TFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and culinary fats (olive oil, seed oils, butter and margarine) During follow-up participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician and/or initiated the use of antidepressant drugs. Cox regression models were used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of incident depression and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successive quintiles of fats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (median: 6.1 years), 657 new cases of depression were identified. Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for depression incidence across successive quintiles of TFA intake were: 1 (ref), 1.08 (0.82-1.43), 1.17 (0.88-1.53), 1.28 (0.97-1.68), 1.42 (1.09-1.84) with a significant dose-response relationship (p for trend = 0.003). Results did not substantially change after adjusting for potential lifestyle or dietary confounders, including adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. On the other hand, an inverse and significant dose-response relationship was obtained for MUFA (p for trend = 0.05) and PUFA (p for trend = 0.03) intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detrimental relationship was found between TFA intake and depression risk, whereas weak inverse associations were found for MUFA, PUFA and olive oil. These findings suggest that cardiovascular disease and depression may share some common nutritional determinants related to subtypes of fat intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. asanchez@dcc.ulpgc.es
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Villegas
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verberne
authors.forename: Jokin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Irala
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruíz-Canela
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids