title: Comparison of heat generation during implant drilling using stainless steel and ceramic drills.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the heat generated from implant drilling using stainless steel and ceramic drills.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 fresh bovine femoral cortical bone samples were used in this study. A constant drill load of 2.0 kg was applied throughout the drilling procedures via a drilling rig at a speed of 1,500 rpm. Two different implant drill types (stainless steel and ceramic) were evaluated. Heat was measured with type K thermocouple from 3 different depths. Data were subjected to the independent-sample t test and Pearson correlation analysis. The α level was set a priori at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximum temperatures at the depths of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm with the stainless steel drill were 32.15°C, 35.94°C, and 37.05°C, respectively, and those with the ceramic drill were 34.49°C, 36.73°C, and 36.52°C, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found at the depth of 3 mm (P = .014) whereas there was no significant difference at the depths of 6 and 9 mm (P > .05) between stainless steel and ceramic drills.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the study, although more heat was generated in the superficial part of the drilling cavity with the ceramic drill, heat modifications seemed not to be correlated with the drill type, whether stainless steel or ceramic, in the deep aspect of the cavity. Further clinical studies are required to determine the effect of drill type on heat generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey. msumer1970@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumer
authors.forename: A Ferhat
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Misir
authors.forename: N Tuba
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Telcioglu
authors.forename: Ahmet U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yenisey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013821:Thermometers; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel