title: Sodium pyruvate modulates cell death pathways in HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to half-mustard gas.
abstract: 2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) or half-mustard gas, a sulfur mustard (HD) analog, is a genotoxic agent that causes oxidative stress and induces both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Sodium pyruvate induced a necrosis-to-apoptosis shift in HaCaT cells exposed to CEES levels ≤ 1.5 mmol/L and lowered markers of DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study provides a rationale for the future development of multicomponent therapies for HD toxicity in the skin. We hypothesize that a combination of pyruvates with scavengers/antioxidants encapsulated in liposomes for optimal local delivery should be therapeutically beneficial against HD-induced skin injury. However, the latter suggestion should be verified in animal models exposed to HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37604, USA. paromov@etsu.edu
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paromov
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brannon
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.forename: Mallikarjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samala
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qui
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D009336:Necrosis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008081:Liposomes; D011773:Pyruvates; C031278:2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide; D009151:Mustard Gas