title: The PANDORA study: peripheral arterial disease in patients with non-high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: Few studies are available with sufficient sample size to accurately describe the prevalence of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients at 'non-high' cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD), as determined by using ABI, in this patient population. A non-interventional, cross-sectional, pan-European study was conducted in patients with ≥1 CV risk factor in addition to age, evaluating the prevalence of asymptomatic PAD (ABI ≤ 0.90). Secondary objectives included assessing the prevalence and treatment of CV risk factors. Patients were consecutively recruited during scheduled visits to the physician's office, or were randomly selected by the physician from a list of eligible patients. Patients with diabetes were excluded as this condition was deemed to be a secondary prevention risk. 10,287 patients were enrolled (9,816 evaluable: mean age 64.3 years; 53.5% male). Prevalence of asymptomatic PAD was 17.8% (99% CI 16.84-18.83). Factors significantly associated with asymptomatic PAD included hypertension, age, alcohol intake, family history of coronary heart disease, low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and smoking (p < 0.0001). Patients treated with statins were significantly less likely to have asymptomatic PAD than those who were not (odds ratio 0.62; 95% CI 0.50-0.76; p < 0.0001). Asymptomatic PAD was highly prevalent in patients with non-high CV risk, the majority of whom would not typically be candidates for ABI assessment. These patients should be carefully screened, and ABI measured, so that therapeutic interventions known to diminish their increased CV risk may be offered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vimercate Hospital, via Cesare Battisti 23, Vimercate (MI) 20059, Italy. Claudio.Cimminiello@aovimercate.org
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cimminiello
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kownator
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wautrecht
authors.forename: Christos P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Carvounis
authors.forename: Stefanus Eliza
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kranendonk
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kindler
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mangrella
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borghi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors