title: An in vitro comparative study determining bactericidal activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide and other oral rinses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was conducted to determine the bactericidal activity of a stabilized chlorine dioxide oral rinse (ClōSYS Oral Rinse) compared to products currently available on the market.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral bacteria associated with gingivitis and periodontitis were exposed to rinses for one minute and five minutes. The numbers of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) were measured prior to and following exposure to determine the bactericidal activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, Listerine and Crest Pro-Health demonstrated complete kill on all bacteria exposed within one minute. Breath Rx exhibited the weakest levels of bactericidal effects overall. ClōSYS and chlorhexidine rinses proved identical 100% kills against the periodontal pathogens at five minutes; in some cases, ClōSYS oral rinse achieved a higher kill at the one-minute mark over the chlorhexidine rinse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that ClōSYS Oral Rinse has potential for providing a therapeutic benefit, making it an attractive option to induce compliance in patients concerned about taste and tooth discoloration during oral health therapy.
authors.affiliation: Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. david-drake@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Alissa L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Villhauer
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D045242:Prevotella nigrescens / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D019533:Streptococcus oralis / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; C505193:Crest Pro-Health mouthrinse; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010087:Oxides; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D002710:Chlorhexidine