title: Family of CNP neuropeptides: common morphology in various invertebrates.
abstract: Neuropeptides expressed in the command neurons for withdrawal behavior were originally detected in the the central nervous system (CNS) of the terrestrial snail Helix (command neurons peptides, CNP). The family of CNP-like neuropeptides bears a C-terminal signature sequence Tyr-Pro-Arg-X. Using antisera against two of them, we have studied the CNS of various invertebrates belonging to the phyla of mollusks, annelids and insects. The immunoreactive neurons were detected in all studied species. Stained neurons were either interneurons projecting along the CNS ganglia chain, or sensory neurons, or neurohormonal cells. Beyond common morphological features, the immunoreactive cells had another similarity: the level of CNP expression depended on the functional state of the animal. Thus, the homologous neuropeptides in evolutionary distant invertebrate species possess some common morphological and functional features.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, 5A Butlerova Str, Moscow 117485, Russia. ierusalimsky@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Victor N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Ierusalimsky
authors.forename: Pavel M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Balaban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007313:Insecta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008974:Mollusca / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides