title: The free volume of poly(vinyl methylether) as computed in a wide temperature range and at length scales up to the nanoregion.
abstract: In the present work, we focus on the free volume evaluations from different points of view, including the aspect of probe sizes, temperature, and cavity threshold. The free volume structure is analyzed on structures of poly(vinyl methylether) prepared by fully atomistic molecular dynamics. At first, the temperature behavior of an overall free volume and a free volume separated into individual cavities is shown. The origin of large free volume cavities is explained. A complex view on the cavity number is provided, while a complicated behavior previously observed is now explained. The number of large cavities remained almost constant with the temperature. Oppositely, the number of small cavities related to the atomic packing changes with temperature in a distinct way for glassy and supercooled regions. The cavity number maxima determine a percolation threshold according to percolation theory. The change in polymer properties with temperature can be related to a percolation of the free volume according to the free volume theory, when proper probe radii ∼0.8 Å are used for its observation. A construction of probabilistic distribution of free volume sizes is suggested. The free volume distributions reported here are bimodal. The bimodal character is explained by two different packings--atomic and segmental--forming a prepeak and a main peak on the distribution. Further attention is dedicated to comparisons of the computed free volume sizes and the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetimes. The prepeak of the free volume distribution is probably unseen by o-Ps because of a cavity threshold limit. The effect of the shape factor on the computed o-Ps lifetimes is tested. The quasicavities obtained by redistributing the free volume maintain the ratio of the main dimensions with temperature. Finally, novel data on the cavity environment are provided, while it is suggested how these can be useful with the recent developments in the positron annihilation methods. The coordination number of large cavities with the polymer segments is around 1, as predicted in the free volume theory. Similarly to the percolation and the cavity number, the coordination number exhibits a change when explored by a suitable probe radius ∼0.8 Å. The insightful visualizations showed properties of interest investigated within the actual work.
authors.affiliation: Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. dusan_racko@ehu.es
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Račko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capponi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colmenero