title: Does Saudi school furniture meet ergonomics requirements?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this research was to study the effect of adjustable imported desk and chair combinations available in the market on student performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six sets of chairs and tables within three different activities (reading, writing, and looking to the blackboard) were the independent variables. Evaluation of back force at 5th lumbar vertebrae and the 1st sacrum (L5/S1), subjective measures of discomfort, and the mismatch between student body dimension and classroom furniture analysis were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 124 young male students (first through sixth-grade) participated in this experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed too low or too high chair and table heights relative to the students' body dimensions increased the stresses acting at L5/S1 as well as discomfort ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated there was a high level of body mismatch in desk-chair combinations even with the adjustable imported furniture available in the local market. Anthropometric data of Saudi students should be collected from different regions in the Kingdom and then design and development of desk-chair combinations could follow the development of a standard procedure to adapt to the needs of Saudi school children.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. mramadan1@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Mohamed Zaki
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ramadan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012574:Schools