title: Carotid intima-media thickness correlation with lipid profile in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia versus controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the variations in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients and its use as predictive marker for premature cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, from June 2008 to October 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Familial hypercholesterolemia was clinically diagnosed by premature coronary diseases, xanthomas, arcus cornealis and family history of premature coronary heart diseases. Controls were age matched normal individuals without hypercholesterolemia. Their lipid profile was tested after overnight fasting. CIMT was measured in mm using B-mode ultrasonography using linear probe. Student t-test was applied to compare mean CIMT of cases and the control. The mean CIMT values of the FH cases were correlated with LDL using Pearson's correlation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty cases with hypercholesterolemia gave consent to participate in the study. These patients had total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL and LDL ≥160 mg/dL as compared to twenty controls of similar age with total cholesterol ≤200 mg/dL and LDL ≤130 mg/dL. Mean CIMT for the cases was 0.77 ± 0.18 mm while mean CIMT for control was 0.59 ± 0.08 mm. The mean CIMT for the cases ranged from 0.7-1.83 mm and 0.48-0.73 mm for controls. Among the FH cases, 25% (n=11) had arterial plaques. Mean CIMT was significantly correlated to LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.725**, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, CIMT was found to be significantly increased in familial hypercholesterolemia and it correlated with raised LDL-cholesterol. Both are predictive of premature cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin University, Karachi. samiaperwaiz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Samia Perwaiz
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Khwaja Zafar
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Zia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yaqub
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL