title: Quantification of baboon thymopoiesis in porcine thymokidney xenografts by the signal-joining T-cell receptor excision circle assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplantation of vascularized donor thymic tissue along with a kidney transplant has markedly improved graft survival across the discordant pig-to-baboon xenogeneic barrier. To quantify the production of baboon T cells by the porcine thymic tissue, we recently developed an assay to measure the excised DNA products of baboon T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement (signal-joining TCR excision circles, sjTREC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis documented that TCR δREC-ψJα rearrangement occurs in baboons. Primers, specific to baboon sjTREC sequence were designed and used to quantify sjTREC molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thymic tissue using a quantitative PCR assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sjTREC levels were higher in phenotypically naïve (CD3CD45RA) T cells (650 copies/100,000 cells) than in phenotypically memory (CD3CD45RA) T cells, with sjTREC below the limit of detection (40 copies/100,000 cells). Surgical removal of the native thymus in two baboons led to a significant decrease of sjTREC in peripheral blood (from 1104 and 920 copies to 184 and 190 copies/100,000 cells, respectively), confirming the role of the thymus in maintaining the peripheral T-cell pool. In two thymectomized baboons that received porcine thymokidney xenografts, sjTREC levels remained low in the peripheral blood (<40 copies/100,000 cells), but increased to 52 and 192 copies/100,000 cells in thymic biopsies, implying that baboon thymopoiesis had begun to occur in the porcine thymic xenografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baboon sjTREC can be quantified by quantitative PCR using primers specific to baboon sequence. Initial results suggest that baboon thymopoiesis occurs in vascularized porcine thymus xenografts.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Aseda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tena
authors.forename: Prashanth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallabhajosyula
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griesemer
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D038041:Lymphopoiesis; D010215:Papio; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013934:Thymectomy; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell