title: Common skeletal growth retardation disorders resulting from abnormalities within the mesenchymal stem cells reservoirs in the epiphyseal organs pertaining to the long bones.
abstract: Among the objectives in writing the current chapter were the curiosity and the interest in allocating the sites and routes of migration of the reservoirs of the mesenchymal precartilaginous stem cells of the developing limbs in health and in disease. We chose to emphasize the events believed to initiate in these regions of stem cells, which may lead to growth retardation disorders. Thus, this narrow niche touches an enlarged scope of developmental biology angles and fields. The enclosed coverage sheds light on part of the musculoskeletal system, skeletogenesis, organogenesis of mobile structures and organs, the limbs, joints and digits (arthrology). It appears that the key role of the cartilage-bone regions is their responsibility to replenish the physis with committed chondrocytes, during the developmental, maturation and puberty periods. We shall start by outlining the framework of normal limb formation, the modalities, signals and the agents participating in this biological creation and regulation, illustrating potential sites that might deviate from normal development during the growth periods.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthopedic-Oncology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bickels
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nevo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000196:embryology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I