title: Ethnic differences in diabetes management in patients with and without comorbid medical conditions: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine ethnic disparities in diabetes management among patients with and without comorbid medical conditions after a period of sustained investment in quality improvement in the U.K.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study examined associations between ethnicity, comorbidity, and intermediate outcomes for mean A1C, total cholesterol, and blood pressure levels in 6,690 diabetes patients in South West London.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of ≥ 2 cardiovascular comorbidities was associated with similar blood pressure control among white and South Asian patients when compared with whites without comorbidity but with worse blood pressure control among black patients, with a mean difference in systolic blood pressure of +1.5, +1.4, and +6.2 mmHg, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite major reforms to improve quality, disparities in blood pressure management have persisted in the U.K., particularly among patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Policy makers should consider the potential impacts of quality initiatives on high-risk groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. ra105@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Riyadh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alshamsan
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Eszter Panna
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Vamos
authors.forename: Kamlesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khunti
authors.forename: Vasa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Curcin
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rawaf
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Millett
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008131:London
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin