title: Effect of trichomes on the predation of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) by Phytoseiulus macropilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on tomato, and the interference of webbing.
abstract: The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is an important pest of tomato in different parts of the world. Biological control of this pest on this crop has not been very successful. Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) has been used commercially for the control of T. urticae on different crops, but no information has been published on its potential to control T. urticae on tomato. The objective of this work was to compare the performance of a Brazilian population of P. macropilis on tomato with its performance on other plant species, relating the observed variation to the respective types and densities of trichomes. It has been hypothesized that the presence of the webbing produced by T. urticae could help the predator to avoid contact with trichomes and consequently to improve its performance on tomato plants. This hypothesis was also evaluated. Phytoseiulus longipes Evans was included in the work as a control, given that it has been reported to be a promising predator of Tetranychus species on tomato. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions. It was found that the performance of P. macropilis was similar to that of P. longipes and that trichomes hampered the locomotion as well as prey consumption and oviposition rate of both predators; that the presence of webbing resulted in higher levels of prey consumption and of predator oviposition; and that the presence of webbing eliminated the negative effect of trichomes of eggplants and partially eliminated the negative effect of trichomes of the 'cerasiforme' tomato variety. The observed density of trichomes in 'Carmem' one of the most common tomato varieties grown in Brazil, seems not to have interfered significantly with the prey consumption and the oviposition rate of P. macropilis. The results suggest that the latter is a promising predator of T. urticae on tomato. Complementary studies are warranted, to further evaluate the potential of P. macropilis for use as a biological control agent of this pest.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. monicamayumisato@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Monica M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Gilberto J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Marineia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Vitalis W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wekesa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000469:parasitology*; D010058:Oviposition; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D040102:Tetranychidae