title: Differential requirements for NAIP5 in activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome.
abstract: Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to infectious or noxious stimuli and activate the CASPASE-1 protease. The inflammasome containing the nucleotide binding domain-leucine-rich repeat (NBD-LRR) protein NLRC4 (interleukin-converting enzyme protease-activating factor [IPAF]) responds to the cytosolic presence of bacterial proteins such as flagellin or the inner rod component of bacterial type III secretion systems (e.g., Salmonella PrgJ). In some instances, such as infection with Legionella pneumophila, the activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome requires the presence of a second NBD-LRR protein, NAIP5. NAIP5 also is required for NLRC4 activation by the minimal C-terminal flagellin peptide, which is sufficient to activate NLRC4. However, NLRC4 activation is not always dependent upon NAIP5. In this report, we define the molecular requirements for NAIP5 in the activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome. We demonstrate that the N terminus of flagellin can relieve the requirement for NAIP5 during the activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome. We also demonstrate that NLRC4 responds to the Salmonella protein PrgJ independently of NAIP5. Our results indicate that NAIP5 regulates the apparent specificity of the NLRC4 inflammasome for distinct bacterial ligands.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, , University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Karla L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lightfield
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Norver J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Trinidad
authors.forename: Sky W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kofoed
authors.forename: John-Demian
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dunipace
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Vance
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D005408:Flagellin / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology*; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000276:immunology; D007876:Legionellosis / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051616:Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; C512299:Ipaf protein, mouse; C496806:Naip5 protein, mouse; D051616:Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein; D010455:Peptides; D005408:Flagellin