title: Nocturnal saturation and glucose tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose intolerance is common in cystic fibrosis (CF), and is associated with worsening pulmonary function and nutritional status, and increased mortality. As sleep-disordered breathing is associated with disorders of glucose metabolism, it was hypothesised that recurrent episodes of hypoxaemia during sleep, and sleep disruption, would be associated with inflammation and glucose intolerance in CF.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 children (aged 14±4 (mean±SD) years) with CF underwent polysomnography, actigraphy, measurement of serum inflammatory markers and oral glucose tolerance testing. Blood glucose area under the curve (AUC), as a cumulative measure of glucose response, was determined. Polysomnography data were compared with retrospective data from 25 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 92±14% predicted. 24 subjects underwent glucose tolerance testing, of whom 29% had impaired glucose tolerance and 4% had diabetes. The mean nocturnal oxygen saturation correlated negatively with glucose AUC at 120 min (r=-0.49, p=0.015). Partial correlations and regression models including age, body mass index, nocturnal saturation and pulmonary function indicated that nocturnal saturation accounted for the majority of the predictive power for glucose AUC (R(2)=0.24, p=0.001). There were no meaningful relationships between sleep quality, inflammation and glucose tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower oxyhaemoglobin saturation is associated with worse glucose regulation in children with CF. Further studies are needed to determine whether lower saturation negatively impacts glucose regulation or, alternatively, whether abnormalities in glucose metabolism are an early sign of pulmonary dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pulmonary Division, 9NW50, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Dharmeshkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suratwala
authors.forename: June S H
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Traylor
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010100:Oxygen