title: Prolonged QT syndrome and sedation: a case report and a review of the literature.
abstract: Prolonged QT syndrome is the most common genetic arrhythmia syndrome, and the majority of patients are undiagnosed. The syndrome is characterized by abnormally long ventricular repolarization (QT interval) on electrocardiogram, which may manifest as syncopal episodes, arrhythmias, or sudden death. Arrhythmias may be precipitated by stress or medications. There are few randomized controlled trials examining the safety of typical sedation medications in the patient with prolonged long-QT syndrome. This case describes the management of sedation in a patient with prolonged long-QT syndrome and then reviews the current literature regarding commonly utilized sedation medications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Mercy Children's Hospital, Toledo, OH, USA. cemikese@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mikesell
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Bonnie R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rachman
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001262:Atenolol; D007649:Ketamine; D008874:Midazolam