title: Pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine extended release 75  mg and desvenlafaxine 50  mg in healthy CYP2D6 extensive and poor metabolizers: a randomized, open-label, two-period, parallel-group, crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetically driven variations in the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 metabolic activity have been shown to significantly affect the pharmacokinetic behaviour of medications that are substrates of this enzyme.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer (EM) and poor metabolizer (PM) phenotypes on the pharmacokinetics of single doses of venlafaxine extended release (ER) and desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a randomized, open-label, two-period, parallel-group, crossover design. The enrolled healthy subjects participated in the study for approximately 8 weeks, which included ≤ 6 weeks of screening procedures and two separate 1-week partial inpatient confinement periods (separated by a 4-day washout period), during which venlafaxine ER or desvenlafaxine was administered and blood samples were collected. Subjects were admitted to partial inpatient confinement in a laboratory setting for the two separate study periods where each study drug was individually administered. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analyses were collected during the 120 hours following administration of each study drug. Plasma concentrations of the study drugs were measured by a third-party analyst using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Healthy subjects were recruited through newspaper advertisements and genotyped to determine their CYP2D6 metabolic phenotype (i.e. EM or PM) using internally developed and commercially available assays. Subjects were reimbursed for their participation in this study. Single, sequentially administered oral doses of the dual-acting, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibiting antidepressants venlafaxine ER (75  mg) and desvenlafaxine (50  mg) were administered. The main outcome measures were differences in the geometric means for area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(∞)) and peak plasma concentration (C(max)) between EMs and PMs. Comparisons were made using a 2-tailed Wilcoxon exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No carryover effect was observed between treatment sequence groups. There was no statistically significant difference in either C(max) or AUC(∞) of O-desmethylvenlafaxine between PMs (n = 7) and EMs (n = 7) following administration of desvenlafaxine 50  mg. However, when subjects received venlafaxine ER 75  mg, the AUC(∞) and C(max) of O-desmethylvenlafaxine (the primary active metabolite) were 445% and 434% higher, respectively, in EMs compared with PMs (p ≤ 0.001), and the AUC(∞) and C(max) of venlafaxine were 445% and 180% higher, respectively, in PMs compared with EMs (p < 0.01). In addition, the ratios of O-desmethylvenlafaxine : venlafaxine AUC(∞) and C(max) for subjects receiving venlafaxine ER 75  mg were higher for EMs (6.2 and 3.3) than PMs (0.21 and 0.22; p ≤ 0.001 for both comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to venlafaxine ER 75  mg, the pharmacokinetics of desvenlafaxine 50  mg is not significantly impacted by CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms. PMs receiving venlafaxine ER 75  mg had significantly lower O-desmethylvenlafaxine and higher venlafaxine plasma concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc, formerly Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA. Alice.Nichols@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Alice I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Focht
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sheldon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Preskorn
authors.forename: Cecelia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000069468:Desvenlafaxine Succinate; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000069468:Desvenlafaxine Succinate; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride