title: Therapeutic horseback riding:.
abstract: This paper reviews the literature on the benefits of therapeutic horseback riding and the outcomes of eleven data-based studies purpoting to validate the claims that horseback riding offers therapeutic benefits. These studies have focused on physical and psychosocial variables. The literature on the benefits of riding reported obvious beneficial effects, while the outcome studies were able to document only some of these claims. The studies generally reported some significant effects from the therapeutic intervention. An examination of the outcome studies revealed weak scientific rigor, small sample sizes, and a lack of homogeneous populations. Furthermore, use of standardized measures was limited as authors frequently relied on nonstandardized observational techniques to evaluate change. This review indicates a need for further research into both the physical and psychosocial areas with both children and adults. In addition, there is a need for research which would improve the methodological rigor, homogeneity of populations, sample size, and use of standardized measurement instruments.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Elborn College, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mackinnon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laliberte
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lariviere