title: Addison disease - diagnosis and initial management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adrenal insufficiency is a rare disease caused by either primary adrenal failure (Addison disease) or by impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Steroid replacement therapy normalises quality of life, however, adherence can be problematic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article provides information on adrenal insufficiency focusing on awareness of initial symptoms and on risk scenarios, emergency management and baseline investigations, complete investigations and long term management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early recognition of adrenal insufficiency is essential to avoid associated morbidity and mortality. Initial diagnosis and decision to treat are based on history and physical examination. Appropriate management includes emergency resuscitation and steroid administration. Initial investigations can include sodium, potassium and blood glucose levels. However, complete investigations can be deferred. Specialist advice should be obtained and long term management includes a Team Care Arrangement. For patients, an emergency plan and emergency identification are essential.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Western Australia. susanmary.o’connell@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siafarikas
mesh_terms: D000224:Addison Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones