title: Mercury concentrations are low in commercial fish species of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, but stable isotope data indicated biomagnification.
abstract: Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ(15)N) and carbon (δ(13)C), complemented by stomach content data, were used to assess the food web structure and trophic transfer of mercury (Hg) in four commercial fish species of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Tilapia zillii, and golden carp (Carassius auratus). Total mercury (THg in mg kg(-1), ww) concentrations were low, with mean values of 0.033, 0.034, 0.025, and 0.011, in C. gariepinus, T. zillii, C. auratus, and O. niloticus, respectively. The relationships between mercury concentrations against total length (TL) and total weight (TW) were positive and significant in T. zillii, C. auratus, and C. gariepinus (P<0.01), but not in O. niloticus, which even showed a decreasing tendency with increase in TL and TW. Regression of log THg vs. δ(15)N among all fish species showed a significant correlation, indicating that mercury is biomagnifying along the food web of Lake Ziway. Isotope ratios indicated that C. gariepinus occupied the highest trophic level of the food web of Lake Ziway; but contained similar THg concentrations as T. zillii, which is located at a lower trophic level, probably due to a faster growth rate of C. gariepinus, and thus an example of biodilution.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway. tariku.tadiso@bio.uib.no
authors.forename: Tariku Markos
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tadiso
authors.forename: Reidar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borgstrøm
authors.forename: Bjørn Olav
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Rosseland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism; D023681:Cichlids / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005002:Ethiopia; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020387:Food Chain; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017210:Tilapia / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008628:Mercury