title: Effects of a multimodal lifestyle intervention on body mass index in patients with bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with bipolar disorder are at increased risk of weight gain, which in turn increases the risk for somatic disease and nonadherence to maintenance therapy. Therefore, interventions addressing weight gain are expedient for the management of this disorder. We set out to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention on body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in patients with bipolar disorder undergoing mood-stabilizing pharmacologic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty outpatients with bipolar disorder undergoing mood-stabilizing treatment participated in a randomized controlled trial (waiting control group: n = 24 and multimodal lifestyle intervention group: n = 26). Groups consisted of 2 cohorts (cohort 1: March 2005-February 2006; cohort 2: September 2005-August 2006). The intervention lasted 5 months and consisted of 11 group sessions and weekly fitness training. BMI and body weight as well as cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were determined at 3 assessment points: at pretreatment baseline, at 5 months (end of treatment), and at 11 months (6-month follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the intervention significantly reduced BMI over time (P = .03), with significant and stable mean differences in BMI change between groups of 0.7 kg/m² (95% CI, 0.2-1.3) at 5 months and 0.8 kg/m² (95% CI, 0.1-1.6) at 11 months' follow-up assessment. The lifestyle intervention had no significant effect on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters (all nonsignificant). The BMI reduction was only seen in female patients (P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI in patients with bipolar disorder can be reduced with a long-lasting effect by a multimodal lifestyle intervention. However, this effect was only seen in female participants, indicating the need for gender-specific interventions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00980863.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrische Privatklinik Sanatorium Kilchberg, Kilchberg.
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gillhoff
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaab
authors.forename: Luljeta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emini
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maroni
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tholuck
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greil