title: Associations of physical activity and fitness with adipocytokines in adolescents: the AFINOS Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adipocytokines may have a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with adiponectin and leptin in adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sample of 198 adolescents (96 girls), aged 13-17-year, was selected. Participants completed anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and waist circumference) and percentage of body fat (%BF) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance. PA was measured by accelerometer for 7-day. The 20-m shuttle-run test was used to assess CRF and two MF tests (handgrip strength and standing broad jump) were used to create an MF score. A cluster score of health status (0-3 risks) was created. Serum adiponectin and plasma leptin were also determined. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex, pubertal status and waist circumference showed that PA was not significantly associated with adiponectin and vigorous PA showed a significant inverse association with leptin. Both CRF and MF were significantly and inversely associated with adiponectin and leptin. Further analyses revealed that the 'healthy' group (0 risks) had significantly lower adiponectin and leptin than 'medium-healthy' (1 risk) and 'unhealthy' (2-3 risks) status groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PA, CRF and MF are inversely and jointly associated with adiponectin and leptin concentrations in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute Frio- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition-ICTAN, Spanish National Research Council- CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gomez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gomez-Martinez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veses
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013030:Spain; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin