title: A technique of distal to proximal revision of peripheral neurostimulator leads: technical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain states is a safe and efficacious technique, being used with increasing frequency. The incidence of hardware-related complications requiring revision remains high.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors describe a technique of distal to proximal neurostimulator lead revision, which does not require the changing of generators or extension leads, and thus presumably will minimize further device-related complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors present a case series of 3 patients where the distal to proximal neurostimulator lead revision technique was utilized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technique was well tolerated in each instance and all patients reported >50% pain reduction at long-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distal to proximal neurostimulator lead revision technique quickly and safely adjusts lead position, including both lead depth and lead tip location, without a need for replacement of components or revision of the entire system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosciences Institutes, Hofstra University School of Medicine and North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mammis
authors.forename: Alon Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Mogilner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058542:Implantable Neurostimulators; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome