title: Use of calcium phosphate cement scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of macroporous tricalcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds to enable the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells from the iliac crest of an adult human donor were processed and cultured on macroporous CPC discs. Paraffin spheres sized between 100 and 250µm were used as porogens. Cells were cultured for 5, 10, and 15 days. Next, we assessed cells' behavior and morphology on the biomaterial by scanning electron microscopy. The expression levels of the BGLA and SSP1 genes and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were quantified by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique (QT-PCR) using the fluorophore SYBR GREEN(®).
  
  
  RESULTS
  QT-PCR detected the expression of the BGLA and SSP1 genes and the ALP activity in the periods of 10 and 15 days of culture. Thus, we found out that there was cell proliferation and differentiation in osteogenic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macroporous CPC, with pore sized between 100 and 250µm and developed using paraffin spheres, enables adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic cells and can be used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. tais.somacal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Taís Somacal Novaes
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Bruno Tochetto
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Primo
authors.forename: Aurelício Novaes
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Silva Júnior
authors.forename: Denise Cantarelli
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viezzer
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C018392:tricalcium phosphate