title: Exposure and effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on tree swallows nesting at Lake Johanna in east central Minnesota, USA.
abstract: Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) samples were collected at a reference lake and a nearby lake (Lake Johanna) in east central Minnesota, USA contaminated with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids. Tissues were analyzed for a suite of 13 perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) to quantify exposure and to determine if there was an association between egg concentrations of PFCs and reproductive success of tree swallows. Concentrations of perfluoroocatane sulfonate (PFOS) were elevated in all tree swallow tissues from Lake Johanna compared to tissues collected at the reference lake. Other PFCs, except for two, were elevated in blood plasma at Lake Johanna compared to the reference lake. PFOS was the dominant PFC (>75%) at Lake Johanna, but accounted for <50% of total PFCs at the reference lake. There was a negative association between concentrations of PFOS in eggs and hatching success. Reduced hatching success was associated with PFOS levels as low as 150ng/g wet weight.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., La Crosse, WI 54603, USA. Electronic address: ccuster@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., La Crosse, WI 54603, USA. Electronic address: tcuster@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA. Electronic address: hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu.
authors.forename: Heiko L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Schoenfuss
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA.
authors.forename: Beth H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Poganski
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Environmental Analysis & Outcomes, 525 Lake Avenue South, Suite 400, Duluth, MN 55802, USA. Electronic address: Laura.Solem@state.mn.us.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D060106:Lakes; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D008910:Minnesota; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical