title: Protective and curative effects of polyphenolic extracts from Ichnocarpus frutescense leaves on experimental hepatotoxicity by carbon tretrachloride and tamoxifen.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate prophylactic and curative effect of polyphenolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescense against carbon tetrachloride and tamoxifen induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Carbon tetrachloride and tamoxifen caused liver damage in rats manifested by significant rise in serum enzymes levels. Models of carbon tetrachloride and tamoxifen intoxication elicited significant declines in the reduced glutathione concomitant with significant elevations in malondialdehyde levels. The oral administration of polyphenolic extract to carbon tetrachloride and tamoxifen intoxicated ats, produced significant increments in the reduced glutathione concomitant with significant decrements in malondialdehyde and liver transaminases levels. Prophylactic and curative treatments with the polyphenolic extract generally resulted in a relatively good protection against both carbon tetrachloride and tamoxifen intoxicated rats. The histopathological changes of liver sections showed an improved histological appearance. The extract inhibits CYP monoxygenases aminopyrine-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, suggesting a plausible hepatoprotective mechanism. However prophylactic treatment with the polyphenolic extract exhibited a higher activity compared to curative treatment. The normalization of phenobarbitone induced sleeping time suggests the restoration of liver CYP enzymes. The study shows that hepatoprotective activity of polyphenol extract is by regulating the levels of hepatic microsomal drug metabolising enzymes. These results supported the use of this plant for the treatment of hepatitis in oriental traditional medicine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. ctkumarrx@gmail.com
authors.forename: Chidambaram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kumarappan
authors.forename: Madhavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.forename: Ellappan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thilagam
authors.forename: Manikam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
authors.forename: Madheswaran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thiagarajan
authors.forename: Siddan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senthil
authors.forename: Sunil C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Subhash C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mandal
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013629:Tamoxifen; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents; D013629:Tamoxifen; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; D001663:Bilirubin