title: Inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks: incidence, predictors, and impact on mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, predictors, and outcome of inappropriate shocks in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite the benefits of ICD therapy, inappropriate defibrillator shocks continue to be a significant drawback. The prognostic importance of inappropriate shocks outside the setting of a clinical trial remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2006, all recipients of defibrillator devices equipped with intracardiac electrogram storage were included in the current analysis and clinically assessed at implantation. During follow-up, the occurrence of inappropriate ICD shocks and all-cause mortality was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,544 ICD patients (79% male, age 61 ± 13 years) were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period of 41 ± 18 months, 13% experienced ≥1 inappropriate shocks. The cumulative incidence steadily increased to 18% at 5-year follow-up. Independent predictors of the occurrence of inappropriate shocks included a history of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.0, p < 0.01) and age younger than 70 years (HR: 1.8, p = 0.01). Experiencing a single inappropriate shock resulted in an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.6, p = 0.01). Mortality risk increased with every subsequent shock, up to an HR of 3.7 after 5 inappropriate shocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large cohort of ICD patients, inappropriate shocks were common. The most important finding is the association between inappropriate shocks and mortality, independent of interim appropriate shocks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Rees
authors.forename: C Jan Willem
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Borleffs
authors.forename: Mihály K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stijnen
authors.forename: Lieselot
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Erven
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schalij
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome