title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and associated risk factors in young women in Brazil, Canada, and the United States: a multicenter cross-sectional study.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and risk factors in young women from Brazil, Canada, and the USA. Cross-sectional study in 3204 healthy women, aged 15 to 25 years. Cervical samples were collected for cytology and for HPV DNA detection (SPF 10-LiPA 25 system). Serum samples were collected for the measurement of HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire. Overall, 26.6% of women had DNA detected for at least 1 HPV type. The prevalence for oncogenic HPV types was 21.7% (25% in Brazil, 16.9% in Canada, and 19.1% in the USA). HPV-16 was the most prevalent oncogenic type (5.2%). The next most common oncogenic HPV types were 51 (3.3%), 52 (3.3%), 31 (2.9%), 66 (2.3%), and 39 (2.0%). Multiple oncogenic types were detected in one-third of the infections. The prevalence of HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 infections detected by DNA and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 24.8%. The majority of women (85%) had a normal cervical cytology. Sexual behavior was the main determinant for HPV-16/18 infections and squamous intraepithelial lesions. The prevalence of HPV oncogenic infections was high and linked to sexual behavior. Strategies to reduce the burden of oncogenic HPV infection, such as prophylactic vaccination programs, are likely to impact the burden of disease due to cervical precancer and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Hospital LM de Barros, Secretaria da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ceciliaroteli@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Roteli-Martins
authors.forename: Newton S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naud
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derchain
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyring
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blatter
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shier
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.forename: Wim G V
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Quint
authors.forename: Jamiai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Issam
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuind
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral