title: Immunomodulatory effect of probiotics enriched diets on Uronema marinum infected olive flounder.
abstract: The effect of five probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus sakei, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as individual and mixed enriched diet on the seasonal prevalence, activity and intensity of Uronema marinum infection in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is reported. The growth performance, feed efficiency, blood biochemistry, survival rate, and non-specific immune response of U. marinum infected olive flounder on week 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 were quantified. The prevalence and infection intensity reached a peak from June to December and then it declined from December to March. The scuticocidal activity in the serum was significantly higher when fed with L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and S. cerevisiae diets on weeks 2-8. All enriched diets significantly enhanced the weight gain significantly between week 6 and 8; the feed efficiency registered a significantly increase from week 4 to 8 when compared to infected fish fed with control diet. Infected fish fed with L. plantarum-supplemented diet had higher survival rate than with other enriched diets. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) levels significantly increased when fed with L. plantarum, L. acidophilus or S. cerevisiae-supplemented diet. Total protein (TP) and glucose (GLU) level significantly increased with any enriched diet from week 4 to 8. The superoxide anion production and serum lysozyme activity registered a significant increase when fed with L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and S. cerevisiae-supplemented diet from week 4-8. The present study concludes that L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and S. cerevisiae-supplemented diets act as immunostimulants enhancing the growth, feed efficiency, blood biochemistry, survival rate, and non-specific immune response in U. marinum infected olive flounder.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Science & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690 756, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Man-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000469:parasitology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D005432:Flounder / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D016802:Oligohymenophorea / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D019936:Probiotics; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004798:Enzymes; D013481:Superoxides; D009113:Muramidase