title: Management of pediatric choroidal neovascular membranes with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents: a retrospective consecutive case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of pediatric choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) secondary to a variety of etiologies treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four pediatric patients at the Hosptial for Sick Children with CNVMs secondary to a variety of etiologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient received multiple treatments with one of the following anti-VEGF agents: pegaptanib sodium, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab. Progress was monitored by clinical exam, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of our patients was 11.5 years (range, 8-15 years). Patients were followed for a mean of 10 months (range, 4-14 months). One patient was treated with pegaptanib sodium, 2 with bevacizumab, and 1 with ranibizumab. Following treatment, 1 patient showed an improvement and 3 showed stabilization of vision with reduction of fluid on clinical exam and OCT, and cessation of leakage on the fluorescein angiogram. Patients required 2-5 injections of the anti-VEGF agent. No ocular or systemic adverse events were observed in any of our treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-VEGF agents were effective in the treatment of pediatric CNVMs in this case series. However, we do not know how these results would have differed from other treatment modalities, including observation. We did not observe any adverse side effects; however, larger studies are required to document the safety of these medications in the pediatric population where normal angiogenesis is occurring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University ofToronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Radha P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kohly
authors.forename: Rajeev H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Muni
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kertes
authors.forename: Wai-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002648:Child; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C495058:pegaptanib; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab