title: The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Indoor pollutants and allergens cause asthma symptoms and exacerbations and influence the risk of developing asthma. We review recent studies regarding the effects of the indoor environment on childhood asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to some indoor allergens and second hand smoke are causally related to the development of asthma in children. Many recent studies have demonstrated an association between exposure to indoor pollutants and allergens and airways inflammation, asthma symptoms, and increased healthcare utilization among individuals with established asthma. Genetic polymorphisms conferring susceptibility to some indoor exposures have also been identified, and recent findings support the notion that environmental exposures may influence gene expression through epigenetic modification. Recent studies also support the efficacy of multifaceted environmental interventions in childhood asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies have provided significant evidence of the association between many indoor pollutants and allergens and asthma morbidity, and have also demonstrated the efficacy of multifaceted indoor environmental interventions in childhood asthma. There is also a growing body of evidence suggesting that some indoor pollutants and allergens may increase the risk of developing asthma. Future studies should examine mechanisms whereby environmental exposures may influence asthma pathogenesis and expand the current knowledge of susceptibility factors for indoor exposures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Matsui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000276:immunology; D004391:Dust / Q000276:immunology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D004391:Dust