title: Emotional support, negative interaction and major depressive disorder among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks: findings from the National Survey of American Life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined the association between social support, negative interaction, and major depressive disorder among representative samples of racial and ethnic minority groups. This study investigates the relationship between emotional support and negative interaction with family members on lifetime major depressive disorder among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional epidemiologic data from the National Survey of American Life and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to predict lifetime history of major depressive disorder and to examine the effect of perceived emotional support and negative interaction on major depressive disorder among 3,570 African Americans and 1,621 Caribbean Blacks aged 18 and older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses found that perceived emotional support was associated with lower odds of MDD for African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. Negative interaction with family was associated with greater odds of MDD for African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. Emotional support moderated the impact of negative interaction on MDD for Caribbean Blacks, but not for African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to investigate the relationships between emotional support, negative interaction with family members and depressive disorder among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. Negative interaction was a risk factor for depression and emotional support was a protective factor.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA. klincoln@usc.edu
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support