title: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and imaging-related radiation: are we increasing the likelihood of malignancy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing use of diagnostic radiography has led to concern about the malignant potential of ionizing radiation. We aimed to quantify the cumulative effective dose (CED) from diagnostic medical imaging in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to identify which children are at greatest risk for high amounts of image-related radiation exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of pediatric IBD patients seen between January 1 and May 30, 2008 was conducted. The effective dose of radiation received from all of the radiology tests performed during the course of each patient's treatment was estimated using typical effective doses and our institution's computed tomography dose index. A CED ≥50 mSv was considered high.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete records were available for 257 of 372 screened subjects. One hundred seventy-one had Crohn disease (CD) and 86 had ulcerative colitis (UC). The mean CED was 17.56 ± 15.91 mSv and was greater for children with CD than for those with UC (20.5 ± 17.5 vs 11.7 ± 9.9 mSv, P < 0.0001). Fifteen children (5.8%) had a CED ≥50 mSv, including 14 of 171 (8.2%) with CD and 1 of 86 (1.2%) with UC (P = 0.02). In children with CD, factors associated with high CED per multivariate analysis were any IBD-related surgery (odds ratio 42, 95% confidence interval 8-223, P < 0.0001) and platelet count (odds ratio 16, 95% confidence interval 1.5-175, P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all doses of ionizing radiation have some malignancy-inducing potential, a small but important percentage of children with IBD are exposed to particularly high doses of ionizing radiation from diagnostic tests and procedures. Physicians caring for such patients must seek to limit radiation exposure whenever possible to lessen the lifetime risk of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. yoni13@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yonathan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Toba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi-Rosen
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010976:Platelet Count; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects*