title: Female type 2 diabetes mellitus mice exhibit severe ischemic brain damage.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes can impair the outcome of stroke as well as increase stroke risk; however, the sex difference in ischemic brain damage is not well known, and even less is known about the difference in diabetes. We therefore investigated the possible gender difference in brain damage after stroke associated with type 2 diabetes using a mouse model, KKAy. Female KKAy showed a much larger ischemic area compared with male KKAy. NADPH oxidase activity in the brain was also increased more in female than in male mice. Ovariectomy enhanced the ischemic area, and treatment with estradiol markedly attenuated the ischemic area to that in female KKAy, with a reduction of NADPH oxidase activity. Female and OVX mice showed improvement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) at 1 hour after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, but no significant difference in CBF of the ipsilateral penumbra and ipsilateral core 24 hours after MCA occlusion was observed among each group. Severe ischemic brain damage was observed in female KKAy compared with male KKAy. Estrogen showed a protective effect on the brain, at least partly from attenuation of oxidative stress in the female brain. These findings suggest that brain damage in diabetes mellitus might be more marked in women than in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwanami
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukuda
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Kousei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D019255:NADPH Oxidases