title: Bax inhibitor 1 in apoptosis and disease.
abstract: Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) was originally discovered as an inhibitor of Bax-induced apoptosis; this review highlights the fundamental importance of BI-1 in a wider context, including in tissue homeostasis and as a regulator of cellular stress. BI-1 has been shown to interact with a broad range of partners to inhibit many facets of apoptosis, such as reactive oxygen species production, cytosolic acidification and calcium levels as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathways. BI-1's anti-apoptotic action initially enables the cell to adapt to stress, although if the stress is prolonged or severe the actions of BI-1 may promote apoptosis. This almost universal anti-apoptotic capacity has been shown to be manipulated during infection with enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli inhibiting host cell death through direct interaction between their effector NleH and BI-1. In addition, BI-1 activity is important in a large number of cancers, promoting metastasis by modulating actin dynamics, a process dependent upon the BI-1 C-terminus and BI-1:actin interaction. Manipulation of BI-1 therefore has the potential for significant therapeutic benefit in a wide range of human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C484209:TMBIM6 protein, human; D002118:Calcium