title: Interaction of annexin A6 with alpha actinin in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annexins are calcium dependent phospholipid binding proteins that are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and implicated in various extra- and intracellular processes. In myocardial tissue, annexins A2, A5 and A6 are particularly abundant, of which the expression levels of annexin A6 has been found to be maximal. Conflicting reports from transgenic mice overexpressing annexin A6 or null mice lacking annexin A6 showed imbalances in intracellular calcium turnover and disturbed cardiac contractility. However, few studies have focussed on the signalling module of annexin A6 in the heart either in normal or in pathological state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To identify the putative binding partners of annexin A6 in the heart, ventricular extracts were subjected to glutathione S-transferase (GST)- annexin A6 pull down assay and the GST- annexin A6 bound proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The pull down fractions of ventricular extracts with GST-full length annexin A6 as well as GST-C terminus deleted annexin A6 when immunoblotted with anti sarcomeric alpha (α)-actinin antibody showed the presence of α-actinin in the immunoblot which was absent when GST-N terminus deleted annexin A6 was used for pull down. Overexpression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged full length annexin A6 showed z-line like appearance in cardiomyocytes whereas GFP-N termimus deleted annexin A6 was mostly localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of GFP-C terminus deleted annexin A6 in cardiomyocytes showed aggregate like appearance in the cytoplasm. Double immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes with anti annexin A6 and anti sarcomeric α-actinin antibodies showed perfect co-localization of these two proteins with annexin A6 appearing like a component of sarcomere. Transient knockdown of annexin A6 in cardiomyocytes by shRNA significantly enhances the contractile functions but does not affect the z-band architecture, as revealed by α-actinin immunostaining in shRNA treated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In overall, the present study demonstrated for the first time that annexin A6 physically interacts with sarcomeric α-actinin and alters contractility of cardiomyocytes suggesting that it might play important role in excitation and contraction process.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Priyam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Jae G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lifirsu
authors.forename: Woo J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Do H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017317:Annexin A6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017317:Annexin A6; D000906:Antibodies; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000185:Actinin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase