title: Modest abuse-related subjective effects of zolpidem in drug-naive volunteers.
abstract: Recent case reports suggest that the short-acting benzodiazepine-like hypnotic, zolpidem, may have abuse potential among individuals who have no personal history of abusing drugs or alcohol, particularly at doses higher than those recommended for treating insomnia. This study recruited drug-naive volunteers to assess the subjective effects of multiple doses of zolpidem (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg) administered in a within-subject double-blind design. Participants (n=11) answered computerized questionnaires (Addiction Research Center Inventory, visual analog scales, and a hypothetical Drug versus Money Choice) to address the hypothesis that a supratherapeutic dose (20 mg) would increase ratings of abuse-related subjective effects, while lower therapeutic doses (5 and 10 mg) would not. Although participants rated some effects as negative at 10 and 20 mg, the highest dose engendered predominantly positive abuse-like effects such as 'High', 'Like', and 'Good Effects'. However, no dose of zolpidem was chosen over money ($0.35-$10) when participants made hypothetical choices between them. Results suggest that although individuals without a drug abuse history are not inclined to choose zolpidem when presented with an alternative reinforcer such as money, it may possess moderate abuse potential that limits its clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. slicata@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Licata
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mashhoon
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lukas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem