title: A comparison of daily total locomotor activity between the lactation and the dry period in dairy cattle.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of farming management on the total locomotor activity (TLA) behaviour in dairy cattle. We recorded 24h/day TLA in five not pregnant Holstein Friesian cows during parts of the lactation and dry periods, by means of an activity monitoring system (Actiwatch mini®) for seven days in each period. During mild lactation (period 1) animals were milked and fed twice a day. During the dry (period 2) they were kept to graze all day. In both periods hay and water were available ad libitum. Differences between the photophase and the scotophase were evaluated with a Student t-test. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine a statistical significant effect of time. A trigonometric statistical model was used to describe the main rhythmic parameters: mean level, amplitude, acrophase and robustness of rhythm. Our results showed a circadian rhythm of daily TLA in both periods, with different percentages of robustness, and acrophase in the middle of the photophase. The different patterns of activity in the two periods were attributed to the management practise during milking period. These results could be taken in consideration during farming management for the evaluation of such systems used in livestock, with respect to production and welfare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Laboratory of Veterinary Chronophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piccione
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schembari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gianesella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgante
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D007558:Italy; D007774:Lactation; D009043:Motor Activity