title: A new naphthoquinone isolated from the bulbs of Cipura paludosa and pharmacological activity of two main constituents.
abstract: Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae) is a plant that is distributed in the north region of Brazil. Its bulbs are used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and pain. Four naphthalene derivatives have been isolated from the bulbs of this plant. Three of them have been identified as the known naphthalene derivatives, eleutherine, iso-eleutherine, and hongkonin. The structure of the fourth and new component was determined as 11-hydroxyeleutherine by extensive NMR study. In addition, the IN VIVO effect of the two major compounds, eleutherine and iso-eleutherine, was evaluated in carrageenan-induced hypernociception and inflammation in mice. Eleutherine and iso-eleutherine (1.04-34.92 µmol/kg), dosed intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.), decreased the carrageenan-induced paw oedema (i.p. - inhibitions of 36 ± 7 % and 58 ± 14 %, respectively; p.o. - inhibitions of 36 ± 7 % and 58 ± 14 %, respectively). Iso-eleutherine, but not eleutherine, significantly reduced (inhibitions of 39 ± 4 %) the plasma extravasation induced by intradermal (i.d.) injection of carrageenan. Likewise, eleutherine and iso-eleutherine (1.04-34.92 µmol/kg, i.p. or p.o.) were also effective in preventing the carrageenan-induced hypernociceptive response (i.p. - inhibition of 59 ± 4 % and 63 ± 1 %, respectively; p.o. - inhibitions of 36 ± 7 % and 58 ± 14 %, respectively). It was also suggested that the anti-inflammatory and anti-hypernociceptive effects of eleutherine or iso-eleutherine partly depend on the interference with the synthesis or activity of mast cell products, kinins, cytokine, chemokines, prostanoids, or sympathetic amines. Our findings show that two major compounds of C. paludosa contain pharmacologically active constituents that possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, justifying, at least in part, its popular therapeutic use for treating conditions associated with pain.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR) and Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Batista
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Tessele
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delle Monache
authors.forename: Nara Lins Meira
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Quintão
authors.forename: Gislaine Francieli
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Lilian Wunsch
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Greice M R S
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: Vania M M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Rui D S
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Prediger
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel Filho
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D027621:Iridaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D002351:Carrageenan; C415044:eleutherin