title: Associations between the time of conception and the shape of the lactation curve in early lactation in Norwegian dairy cattle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was carried out to determine if an association exists between the shape of the lactation curve before it is influenced by the event of conception and the time from calving to conception in Norwegian dairy cattle. Lactation curves of Norwegian Red cows during 5 to 42 days in milk (DIM) were compared between cows conceiving between 43 and 93 DIM and cows conceiving after 93 DIM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 23,049 cows, represented by one lactation each, with 219,538 monthly test days were extracted from the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System, which represents 97% of all Norwegian dairy cows. Besides veterinary treatments, these records also included information on daily milk yield at monthly test days. The data were stratified by parity groups (1, 2, and 3 and higher) and time to conception periods (43-93 DIM and >93 DIM). The sample was selected using the following selection criteria: conception later than 42 DIM, calving season July to September, no records of veterinary treatment and the level of energy fed as concentrates between 8.69 and 12.83 MJ. The shape of the lactation curves were parameterized using a modified Wilmink-model in a mixed model analysis. Differences in the parameters of the lactation curves with different conception times were evaluated using confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactation curves characterized by a low intercept and a steep ascending slope and a steep descending slope were associated with early conception across all parities. The peak milk yield was not associated with time of conception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A practical application of the study results is the use of the shape of the lactation curve in future herd management. Groups of cows with impaired reproductive performance may be identified due to an unfavorable shape of the lactation curve. Monitoring lactation curves and adjusting the feeding strategy to adjust yield therefore may be useful for the improvement of reproductive performance at herd level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway. fredrik.andersen@nvh.no
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Østerås
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reksen
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: Yrjo T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gröhn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors