title: Standardized extract of Syzygium aqueum: a safe cosmetic ingredient.
abstract: Syzygium aqueum, a species in the Myrtaceae family, commonly called the water jambu is native to Malaysia and Indonesia. It is well documented as a medicinal plant, and various parts of the tree have been used in traditional medicine, for instance as an antibiotic. In this study, we show S. aqueum leaf extracts to have a significant composition of phenolic compounds, protective activity against free radicals as well as low pro-oxidant capability. Its ethanolic extract, in particular, is characterized by its excellent radical scavenging activity of EC(50) of 133 μg mL(-1) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 65 μg mL(-1) 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 71 μg mL(-1) (Galvinoxyl), low pro-oxidant capabilities and a phenolic content of 585-670 mg GAE g(-1) extract. The extract also displayed other activities, deeming it an ideal cosmetic ingredient. A substantial tyrosinase inhibition activity with an IC(50) of about 60 μg mL(-1) was observed. In addition, the extract was also found to have anti-cellulite activity tested for its ability to cause 98% activation of lipolysis of adipocytes (fat cells) at a concentration of 25 μg mL(-1). In addition, the extract was not cytotoxic to Vero cell lines up to a concentration of 600 μg mL(-1). Although various parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicine, this is the first time it has been shown to have cosmeceutical properties. Therefore, the use of this extract, alone or in combination with other active principles, is of interest to the cosmetic industry.
authors.affiliation: Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46100 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. umadevi.palanisamy@med.monash.edu.my
authors.forename: U D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Palanisamy
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manaharan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sivapalan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Helme
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masilamani
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003358:Cosmetics; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013844:Thiazoles; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; C020338:galvinoxyl