title: Time controlled release of arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) from agarose hydrogels using layer-by-layer assembly: an in vitro study.
abstract: Experimentally induced axonal regeneration is compromised by glial scar formation arising from leptomeningeal fibroblasts cells in and around the hydrogel scaffold implanted for nerve repair. Strategies are needed to prevent such fibroblastic reactive cell layer formation for enhanced  axonal regeneration. Here, we implement the technique of layer-by-layer assembled degradable, hydrogen bonded multilayers on agarose hydrogels to incorporate an anti-mitotic drug (1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C)) within the agarose hydrogels. We show controlled release of  Ara-C under physiological conditions over a period of days. The concentrations of Ara-C released from agarose at the different time points were sufficient to inhibit fibroblast growth in vitro, while not adversely affecting the viability of the neuronal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lynam
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shahriari
authors.forename: Ilsoon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuszynski
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D050256:Antimitotic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D050256:Antimitotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020100:Hydrogels; D003561:Cytarabine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C006903:carbopol 940; D012685:Sepharose