title: Designing and usage of a low-cost penile model for male medical circumcision skills training in Rakai, Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the designing and usage of a locally made low-cost penile model used for male medical circumcision (MMC) skills training.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Rakai MMC training team has experienced a number of challenges during conduct of MMC skills training, one of which was the lack of a model to use for MMC skills training. To address this challenge, the Rakai MMC skills training team has designed and developed a low-cost penile model for use in MMC skills training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model has been successfully used to demonstrate external penile anatomy, to describe the biological mechanisms through which male circumcision (MC) prevents HIV acquisition, and for demonstration and practice of the MMC procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an initial cost of only $10 and a recurrent cost of $5, this is a cost-efficient and useful penile model that provides a simulation of normal penile anatomy for use in MC training in resource-limited settings. It has also been used as a visual aid in preoperative education of patients before receiving male circumcision. The model can be improved and scaled up to develop cheaper commercial penile models.
authors.affiliation: Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda. gkigozi@rhsp.org
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kigozi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nkale
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wawer
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anyokorit
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watya
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nalugoda
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kagaayi
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiwanuka
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mwinike
authors.forename: Nehemiah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kighoma
authors.forename: Grace K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Nalwoga
authors.forename: Gertrude F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Nakigozi
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katwalo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serwadda
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000191:economics* / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014454:Uganda