title: Chemical composition and bioactivities of the marine alga Isochrysis galbana from Taiwan.
abstract: The present study investigated the chemical composition of Isochrysis galbana Parke, a marine microalga which is widely used as a feedstock in aquaculture. From gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis the mono-sugar compositions of I. galbana were 2.1% fucose, 2.5% rhamnose, 2.7% arabinose, 8.5% xylose, 15.7% mannose, 32.7% galactose and 35.8% glucose. The polysaccharides of I. galbana were able to induce prointerleukin-1beta (pro-IL-1beta) protein expression within murine macrophages. Furthermore, five kinds of chlorophyll and one sterol were separated from the ethanolic extracts, including pheophorbide-a, ethyl pheophorbide-a, 10S-10-hydroxypheophytin-a, 10R-10-hydroxypheophytin-a, (132-R)-pheophytin-a, and brassicasterol. In addition, the major soluble components of the ethanol/n-hexane extract were 9-octadecenoic acid (E) (38.4%), hexadecanoic acid (23.3%), tetradecanoic acid (15.7%), and octadecanoic acid (7.2%), but only a few polyunsaturated fatty acids were found, such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (1.9%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (3.4%), and docosahexaenoic acid (0.2%). This is the first occasion that polysaccharides from I. galbana have been demonstrated to exert immunomodulatory properties by the induction of IL-1 within macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Greenlink Biotech Inc., Taipei 111, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hsiao-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mao-Jing
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shih-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Feng-Ling
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shih-Hsiung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Louis Kuop-Ping
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D058087:Haptophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011134:Polysaccharides