title: Three-dimensional analysis of peri-bone-implant contact of rough-surface miniscrew implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we evaluated the effects of surface modifications of miniscrew implants (MSIs) and force application on bone surrounding MSIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven skeletally mature male foxhound dogs were followed for 9 weeks; a randomized split-mouth design was used to compare 21 MSIs with sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) surfaces and 21 identical machine-surfaced MSIs. MSIs immediately loaded with 200-g nickel-titanium coil springs were compared with unloaded MSIs. Bone volume to total volume ratios of cortical and noncortical bone regions were measured at 6 to 24 μm and 24 to 42 μm from the entire MSI surface using microcomputed tomography with an isotropic resolution of 6 μm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical success of SLA-surfaced MSIs was 100%, compared with 85.7% for machine-surfaced MSIs. There was significantly (P <0.05) more bone at the coronal aspects of the SLA-surfaced than the machine-surfaced MSIs; the SLA-surfaced MSIs also showed significantly greater decreases in bone between their most coronal and apical aspects. MSIs that were loaded demonstrated significantly (P <0.05) greater decreases in surrounding bone than unloaded MSIs. The amount of bone within 6 to 24 μm of the MSIs was significantly less than that within 24 to 42 μm. Mean placement torque was higher for the SLA-surfaced (42 Ncm) than the machine-surfaced (39 Ncm) MSIs, but the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLA surface treatment and loadings have significant effects on bone surrounding the MSIs; this might be related to higher success rates and greater secondary stability.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA. [corrected]
authors.forename: Hedeki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: P Emile
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rossouw
authors.forename: Phillip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontogiorgos
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontogirogos
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Buschang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001863:Bone Screws; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004285:Dogs; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016348:Osseointegration; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D014025:Titanium