title: Outcomes of goniotomy for primary congenital glaucoma in East Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of goniotomy to treat primary congenital glaucoma in an east African population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective series using case records. For patients who underwent goniotomies in both eyes, only the first was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven children undergoing goniotomy (47/80 operated eyes analyzed). Thirty-six children (77%) were male. Mean age was 19 months (range 1-204 months, standard deviation [SD] = 35).
  
  
  METHODS
  First goniotomy was performed from the temporal side. Repeat surgery, if necessary, was performed via nasal side approach and 100% ethanol-soaked cotton-tipped swabs were used to clear the corneal epithelium when necessary for angle visualization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mmHg was considered success. Potential risk factors for failure were analyzed. Quantitative visual acuities were measured with Cardiff acuity cards and Lea tests in older children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 36 of 47 children (77%) returned for follow-up. Mean follow-up interval was 12 months (range, 1-62 months; SD = 15). A total of 28 of 47 children (60%) had >3 months of follow-up, and 11 children had >1 year of follow-up. A total of 12 of 47 eyes (26%) required repeat goniotomy. Three of these required further trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, 1 of which required eventual enucleation after failure to control IOP, enlargement, and pain. A total of 11 of 28 children (39%) with >3 months follow-up required repeat surgery. A total of 24 of 28 children (86%) with follow-up intervals of at least 3 months achieved postoperative IOPs of <21 mmHg. Mean IOPs decreased (t = 6.1, P < 0.0005) from 23.4 mmHg (SD = 5.3 mmHg) to 14.4 mmHg (SD = 7.6 mmHg). Only 1 predictor of failure to achieve successful control of IOP was identified: female gender (relative risk = 5.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-26.3). Corneas were clear in 4 of 47 eyes (8.5%) preoperatively and 32 of 41 eyes (78%) postoperatively. Of 25 children with preoperative and postoperative acuities measured, 22 (88%) recorded improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results of goniotomy in an African population with advanced disease and late presentation are reasonably encouraging. Overall results are comparable with historical drainage procedures, with the advantage of preserving conjunctiva. Further studies are justified.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation for Disability Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Richard J C
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mwende
authors.forename: Peng T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Khaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006871:Hydrophthalmos / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology