title: Influence of diet enriched with green tea on innate humoral and cellular immune response of kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus) to Vibrio carchariae infection.
abstract: Effect of diet enriched with green tea at 0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0% levels on immune responses such as non-specific humoral (lysozyme, antiprotease and complement) and cellular (myeloperoxidase content, production of reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species) and disease resistance on week 1, 2 or 4 in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus challenged with Vibrio carchariae (2.47 × 10(8) CFU ml(-1)) was quantified. At all doses green tea supplementation significantly enhanced the serum lysozyme activity from weeks 1 to 4. On the other hand, after week 2 the serum hemolytic complement activity, leucocyte myeloperoxidase content and reactive nitrogen species protection significantly increased in groups fed with 0.01 and 0.1% green tea supplementation diets. The serum antiprotease activity significantly increased in group fed with at 1.0% green tea from week 1 to 4. However, all diets except at 0.01% level resulted in a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species protection during the experimental period. Challenged groups fed with green tea enriched diet at 0.01 and 0.1% level had a higher relative percent survival than with 1.0% diet on week 1, 2 or 4. The results suggest that dietary administration of green tea supplementation at a concentration of 0.01 and 0.1% level positively enhances the non-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and disease resistance of kelp grouper E. bruneus to V. carchariae.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, College of Ocean Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013662:Tea / Q000276:immunology*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013662:Tea