title: Comparison of oral administration of lomustine and prednisolone or prednisolone alone as treatment for granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis or necrotizing encephalitis in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare oral administration of lomustine and prednisolone with oral administration of prednisolone alone as treatment for granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) or necrotizing encephalitis (NE) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 dogs with GME and 18 dogs with NE (diagnosis confirmed in 8 and 5 dogs, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of dogs with GME or NE were reviewed for results of initial neurologic assessments and clinicopathologic findings, treatment, follow-up clinicopathologic findings (for lomustine-treated dogs), and survival time. Dogs with GME or NE treated with lomustine and prednisolone were assigned to groups 1 (n = 14) and 3 (10), respectively; those treated with prednisolone alone were assigned to groups 2 (11) and 4 (8), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prednisolone was administered orally every 12 hours to all dogs. In groups 1 and 3, mean lomustine dosage was 60.3 mg/m², PO, every 6 weeks. Median survival times in groups 1 through 4 were 457, 329, 323, and 91 days, respectively (no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 or between groups 3 and 4). Within the initial 12 months of treatment, median prednisolone dosage was reduced in all groups; dosage reduction in group 1 was significantly larger than that in group 2 at 6, 9, and 12 months. Combination treatment most frequently caused leukopenia, but had no significant effect on liver enzyme activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dogs with GME and NE, oral administration of lomustine and prednisolone or prednisolone alone had similar efficacy. Inclusion of lomustine in the treatment regimen was generally tolerated well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. flegel@kleintierklinik.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flegel
authors.forename: Irene C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Boettcher
authors.forename: Kaspar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matiasek
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oevermann
authors.forename: Marcus G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Doherr
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oechtering
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henke
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D008130:Lomustine; D011239:Prednisolone