title: ADAR2 editing enzyme is a novel human immunodeficiency virus-1 proviral factor.
abstract: The adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes catalyse conversion of adenosine to inosine in dsRNA. A positive effect of ADAR1 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication has recently been reported. Here, we show that another ADAR enzyme, ADAR2, positively affects the replication process of HIV-1. We found that, analogously to ADAR1, ADAR2 enhances the release of progeny virions by an editing-dependent mechanism. However, differently from the ADAR1 enzyme, ADAR2 does not increase the infectious potential of the virus. Importantly, downregulation of ADAR2 in Jurkat cells significantly impairs viral replication. Therefore, ADAR2 shares some but not all proviral functions of ADAR1. These results suggest a novel role of ADAR2 as a viral regulator.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoinfectivology, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.affiliation: RNA Editing Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomaselli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoinfectivology, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia Anna
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ciafrè
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Farace
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michienzi
authors.affiliation: RNA Editing Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D011533:Proviruses / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase