title: Lessons learned from casualty statistics in health care system development: Afghanistan 2008-2009.
abstract: A retrospective study of Afghanistan National Army casualty rates for a 1-year period was completed to assist in health care system assessment and further development during a period of rapid force expansion. Battle and disease nonbattle injuries by Corps area were determined from data on soldier visits from all military health care facilities. The number of fielded forces in each Corps was used to calculate the populations at risk. Total manpower losses from all casualties were tabulated. The 15,336 casualties (175 per thousand fielded soldiers) resulted in the loss of 146,986 duty days (average 9.5 days per casualty). Battle casualties were 739 (8.4 per 1,000) and nonbattle casualties were 14,597(166 per 1,000) with 72% secondary to infectious diseases. Casualty rates from both battle and disease nonbattle injuries were high, but casualty rates were particularly high from infectious diseases. Rapid force expansion in developing countries requires early consideration for resourcing and implementation of preventive medicine programs.
authors.affiliation: Afghanistan National Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Kabul, Afghanistan.
authors.forename: Sayed H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zahoor
authors.forename: Juan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Ubiera
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*