title: The role of glucocorticoids in the immediate vs. delayed effects of acute ethanol exposure on cytokine production in a binge drinking model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute ethanol administration just prior to a stimulus, such as the viral mimic poly I:C, results in decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Studies have indicated that this suppression is not primarily mediated by glucocorticoids (corticosterone in mice) released in the ethanol-induced stress response. Fewer studies have been done on the effects of acute ethanol administration 12 or more hours prior to a stimulus. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of corticosterone on these effects. Also, since gender differences occur in immune responses, separate experiments were performed using male and female mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated with ethanol 15 min or 12h before stimulation by poly I:C to demonstrate immunosuppressive effects of ethanol on cytokine production. A glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor was used to manipulate corticosterone levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short-term and persistent effects of acute ethanol exposure on corticosterone and cytokine levels were nearly identical in males and females. Blocking glucocorticoid synthesis altered the inhibition of some cytokines, particularly IL-6, in females, but not in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the short-term effects of acute ethanol on poly I:C-induced cytokine production are not primarily mediated by corticosterone in male or female mice. In female mice, however, corticosterone does appear to mediate the persistent effects of acute ethanol administration on poly I:C- induced IL-6 levels. Since many IL-6 related disorders are gender associated, further research into the bidirectional effects of the HPG and HPA axes on alterations in cytokine production mediated by ethanol is warranted.
authors.affiliation: LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Mitzi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pruett
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000506:poisoning; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012737:Sex Factors; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D000431:Ethanol; D011070:Poly I-C; D003345:Corticosterone