title: Examinations on the prevalence of footpad lesions and breast skin lesions in British United Turkeys Big 6 fattening turkeys in Germany. Part I: prevalence of footpad lesions.
abstract: The present study demonstrates the prevalence of footpad lesions in turkeys and their level of expression in both live birds and in carcasses. In clinical investigations of 11,860 turkeys (5,740 males, 6,120 females) of the strain British United Turkeys Big 6, individuals of all the observed flocks showed alterations to the plantar skin. In general, the degree and severity of skin alterations were higher in the 16th week of life than in the 6th or 11th week of life. Epithelial necrosis, however, was already apparent in about 45% of individuals in the 6th week of life. At this point, deep lesions on the footpad surface were still rare findings. In the 11th week of life, such skin changes were apparent in 14.7% of males and 25.7% of hens. In general, the feet of male turkeys were less affected by footpad damage than those of females in the subsequent fattening period. In hens, the prevalence of lesions of the footpads at wk 16 of age was 60.0%, almost twice as high as in males of the same age group (33.8%). A comparison of the findings from the right and left feet showed that the state of the 2 extremities was correlated (Spearman correlation: r = 0.830). During the visual inspection of 16,200 slaughtered turkeys (7,800 males, 8,400 hens), almost all carcasses studied showed alterations to the footpad skin. Only 2.1% of males and 0.6% of females were without lesions. The most frequently observed lesions measured up to 2 cm in diameter (males: 59.2%; hens: 57.7%). Pronounced skin lesions of the footpad (males: 21.1%; females: 29.5%) and necrosis of the superficial epithelium (males: 17.5%; females: 12.1%) were less common. Foot abscesses were diagnosed only sporadically (males: 0.1%; females: 0.1%).
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. krautwald@vogelklinik.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: M-E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Krautwald-Junghanns
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ellerich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitterer-Istyagin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludewig
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fehlhaber
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petermann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014422:Turkeys