title: Characterization of new medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases adds resolution to duplications of the class I/III and the sub-class I genes.
abstract: Four additional variants of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases have been purified and functionally characterized, and their primary structures have been determined. The results allow conclusions about the structural and evolutionary relationships within the large family of MDR alcohol dehydrogenases from characterizations of the pigeon (Columba livia) and dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) major liver alcohol dehydrogenases. The pigeon enzyme turns out to be of class I type and the dogfish enzyme of class III type. This result gives a third type of evidence, based on purifications and enzyme characterization in lower vertebrates, that the classical liver alcohol dehydrogenase originated by a gene duplication early in the evolution of vertebrates. It is discernable as the major liver form at about the level in-between cartilaginous and osseous fish. The results also show early divergence within the avian orders. Structures were determined by Edman degradations, making it appropriate to acknowledge the methodological contributions of Pehr Edman during the 65 years since his thesis at Karolinska Institutet, where also the present analyses were performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cederlund
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hjelmqvist
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Jawed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shafqat
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norin
authors.forename: Wing-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Keung
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jörnvall
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D010856:Columbidae; D006224:Cricetinae; D004284:Dogfish; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020131:Genes, Duplicate; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C020145:formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione); D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases