title: Kinematic analysis of Labrador Retrievers and Rottweilers trotting on a treadmill.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate kinematic patterns in clinically normal Labrador and Rottweiler dogs trotting on a treadmill at a constant velocity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Labrador Retrievers aged from 2.2 to 5.1 years, and 10 Rottweilers aged from two to 5.9 years were used. A three-dimensional capture system was used to perform analysis of joint kinematics. Kinematic data were collected by use of a triple-camera system. The kinematic study was performed first on the right side of the dog, and then on the left side. Data were analysed by use of a motion-analysis program. Flexion and extension joint angles, angular velocity and angular acceleration were determined for the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within each group, the differences between the right and left limbs in all variables were not significant. Significant differences occurred between Labradors and Rottweilers in the following categories: angular displacement and minimum angular acceleration of the stifle (Rottweiler >Labrador); angular displacement and maximum angular velocity of the tarsus (Rottweiler >Labrador); minimum angular velocity of the shoulder (Labrador >Rottweiler); angular displacement, maximum angular acceleration, maximum angular velocity, and minimum angular velocity of the elbow (Labrador>Rottweiler); and maximum angle and maximum angular velocity of the carpus (Labrador>Rottweiler).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both breeds had similar kinematic patterns, but there were magnitude differences, especially of the elbow and stifle joints. Therefore, each breed should have a specific database.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Agostinho
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rahal
authors.forename: N S M L
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Miqueleto
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Verdugo
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Inamassu
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: El-Warrak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology