title: Thin-plate spline analysis of craniofacial morphology in subjects with adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the skeletal features of subjects with adenoid hypertrophy with those of children with tonsillar hypertrophy using thin-plate spline (TPS) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 20 subjects (9 girls and 11 boys; mean age 8.4 ± 0.9 years) with adenoid hypertrophy (AG) was compared with a group of 20 subjects (10 girls and 10 boys; mean age 8.2 ± 1.1 years) with tonsillar hypertrophy (TG). Craniofacial morphology was analyzed on the lateral cephalograms of the subjects in both groups by means of TPS analysis. A cross-sectional comparison was performed on both size and shape differences between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AG exhibited statistically significant shape and size differences in craniofacial configuration with respect to TG. Subjects with adenoid hypertrophy showed an upward dislocation of the anterior region of the maxilla, a more downward/backward position of the anterior region of the mandibular body and an upward/backward displacement of the condylar region. Conversely, subjects with tonsillar hypertrophy showed a downward dislocation of the anterior region of the maxilla, a more upward/forward position of the anterior region of the mandibular body and a downward/forward displacement of the condylar region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with adenoid hypertrophy exhibited features suggesting a more retrognathic mandible while subjects with tonsillar hypertrophy showed features suggesting a more prognathic mandible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. michela.baroni@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ballanti
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polimeni
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cozza
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity