title: Endoscopic resection of bladder cancer in patients receiving double platelet antiaggregant therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 5% of patients who have undergone coronary artery stenting require noncardiac surgery within a year of their cardiac intervention. European cardiological guidelines and recommendations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on platelet antiaggregant therapy following coronary artery stenting are for dual treatment with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, which should be continued for at least 12 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course in patients receiving double platelet antiaggregant therapy who underwent transurethral resection of bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2007 and April 2010, twelve patients receiving double antithrombotic therapy (clopidogrel+acetylsalicylic acid) underwent transurethral resection of bladder cancer. In two cases the operation was "urgent". The mean age of the patients was 71.25 years (range, 52-83 years). In nine cases the bladder cancer was newly diagnosed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients' preoperative mean hemoglobin concentration was 11.4 g/dl (range=5.2-13.4 g/dl), and on the first postoperative day it was 10.2 g/dl (range=9.6-12.6 g/dl). The mean duration of the intervention was 32 min (range=20-60 min). There were no cardiac complications in either the perioperative or the postoperative period. No patient required reintervention for hemostatic purposes. Three episodes of clot-related acute urinary retention occurred after removal of the bladder catheter, all of which were resolved with replacement of the catheter without needing reintervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high number of complications related to cardiac problems that suspension of these drugs causes, this urological intervention, carried out during dual antithrombotic therapy, was feasible and without major complications. Given the high proportion of complications due to clot-related urinary retention, it is advisable to leave the urinary catheter in place for a longer period.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carmignani
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picozzi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stubinski
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casellato
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozzini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lunelli
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arena
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015607:Stents; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin