title: The Arabidopsis trithorax-like factor ATX1 functions in dehydration stress responses via ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways.
abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms driving the responses of plants to environmental stresses are associated with specific chromatin modifications. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis trithorax-like factor ATX1, which trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. The loss of function of ATX1 results in decreased germination rates, larger stomatal apertures, more rapid transpiration and decreased tolerance to dehydration stress in atx1 plants. This deficiency is caused in part by reduced ABA biosynthesis in atx1 plants resulting from decreased transcript levels from NCED3, which encodes a key enzyme controlling ABA production. Dehydration stress increased ATX1 binding to NCED3, and ATX1 was required for the increased levels of NCED3 transcripts and nucleosomal H3K4me3 that occurred during dehydration stress. Mechanistically, ATX1 affected the quantity of RNA polymerase II bound to NCED3. By upregulating NCED3 transcription and ABA production, ATX1 influenced ABA-regulated pathways and genes. ATX1 also affected the expression of ABA-independent genes, implicating ATX1 in diverse dehydration stress-response mechanisms in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Center for Biotechnology and Center for Plant Science Innovation, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Zoya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Avramova
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fromm
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003681:Dehydration; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000254:growth & development; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006657:Histones; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D049308:Dioxygenases; C109043:9-cis-epoxy-carotenoid dioxygenase; C504056:At2g31650 protein, Arabidopsis; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D012319:RNA Polymerase II