title: Trichothecene genotypes and chemotypes in Fusarium graminearum strains isolated from wheat in Argentina.
abstract: Argentina is the fourth largest exporter of wheat in the world. The main pathogen associated with Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of wheat in Argentina is Fusarium graminearum lineage 7 also termed F. graminearum sensu stricto in the F. graminearum species complex, which can produce the Type B trichothecenes, usually deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated forms (3-ADON and 15-ADON) or nivalenol (NIV). We used a multiplex PCR assay of Tri3, Tri7, and Tri13 to determine the trichothecene genotype of 116 strains F. graminearum collected from three locations in Argentina and then verified the chemotype by chemical analysis. PCR assays and chemical analyses gave the same results for all strains that produced trichothecenes. Most strains (> 92%) had the 15-ADON genotype, with the remaining strains having the DON/NIV genotype. We observed neither the NIV nor the 3-ADON genotypes amongst the strains evaluated. The nine strains with the DON/NIV genotype produced DON when analyzed chemically. Thus, the Argentinean populations of F. graminearum are similar to those from wheat elsewhere in the world, in that all the strains produced DON/15-ADON and belong to lineage 7. However approximately 8% of the strains tested were incorrectly diagnosed as DON/NIV producers with the current multiplex PCR and were only DON producers by chemical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Immunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Marta
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reynoso
authors.forename: María Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Adriana Mabel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Sofía Noemí
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chulze
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005838:Genotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D014255:Trichothecenes; C038405:nivalenol; C046760:15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol