title: Locomotor-activated neurons of the cat. II. Noradrenergic innervation and colocalization with NEα 1a or NEα 2b receptors in the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord.
abstract: Norepinephrine (NE) is a strong modulator and/or activator of spinal locomotor networks. Thus noradrenergic fibers likely contact neurons involved in generating locomotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the noradrenergic innervation of functionally related, locomotor-activated neurons within the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord. This was accomplished by immunohistochemical colocalization of noradrenergic fibers using dopamine-β-hydroxylase or NEα(1A) and NEα(2B) receptors with cells expressing the c-fos gene activity-dependent marker Fos. Experiments were performed on paralyzed, precollicular-postmamillary decerebrate cats, in which locomotion was induced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. The majority of Fos labeled neurons, especially abundant in laminae VII and VIII throughout the thoraco-lumbar (T13-L7) region of locomotor animals, showed close contacts with multiple noradrenergic boutons. A small percentage (10-40%) of Fos neurons in the T7-L7 segments showed colocalization with NEα(1A) receptors. In contrast, NEα(2B) receptor immunoreactivity was observed in 70-90% of Fos cells, with no obvious rostrocaudal gradient. In comparison with results obtained from our previous study on the same animals, a significantly smaller proportion of Fos labeled neurons were innervated by noradrenergic than serotonergic fibers, with significant differences observed for laminae VII and VIII in some segments. In lamina VII of the lumbar segments, the degree of monoaminergic receptor subtype/Fos colocalization examined statistically generally fell into the following order: NEα(2B) = 5-HT(2A) ≥ 5-HT(7) = 5-HT(1A) > NEα(1A). These results suggest that noradrenergic modulation of locomotion involves NEα(1A)/NEα(2B) receptors on noradrenergic-innervated locomotor-activated neurons within laminae VII and VIII of thoraco-lumbar segments. Further study of the functional role of these receptors in locomotion is warranted.
authors.affiliation: The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA. bnoga@miami.edu
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Noga
authors.forename: Dawn M G
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mirta I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Riesgo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinzon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000294:innervation*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase