title: Factors affecting bacterial biofilm expression in chronic rhinosinusitis and the influences on prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression of bacterial biofilm (BF) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to find out factors affecting BF expression and the influences on its prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All specimens were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope and bacterial cultivation from a panel of 93 patients with CRS, 20 with nasal septum deviation, and 17 with nasal bone fractures as the control group. Referring to the grade classification criteria from the sinusitis-specific questionnaire Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20, patients were assessed preoperatively based on common clinical manifestations. Patients were followed up for condition improvement as assessed by visual analogue scale and nasal endoscopic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the experimental group, among all the patients, 3 were lost (lost 3.2%). Bacterial biofilm was positive in 64 (71.1%) of 90 patients. Mucosal cilia were observed in varying degrees of injury. Bacterial culture was positive in 60 (66.7%) patients. In the control group, no BF was found and no bacterium was cultured. Bacterial biofilm expression was correlated with the bacterial culture. The BF(+) patients' visual analogue scale scores 6 months and 1 year postoperation were lower than the BF(-) patients' scores (P < .05). The BF(+) patients' Lund-Kennedy scores at 6 months and 1 year postoperation were higher than the BF(-) patients' scores (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial biofilm is involved in the pathogenesis of CRS and is associated with the bacterial culture. Bacterial biofilm has a certain impact on patients' prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jinhua Center Hospital, Zhejiang Province of China, China.
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhuge
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lingxiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Huanle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult