title: Psychological well-being in parents of children with Angelman, Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study focuses on mothers and fathers of children with three rare genetic syndromes that are relatively unexplored in terms of family experience: Angelman syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Cri du Chat syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of children with Angelman syndrome (n =15), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (n = 16) and Cri du Chat syndrome (n = 18), and a matched comparison group of parents of children with autism and intellectual disabilities (n = 20) completed questionnaires on both psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression) and positive psychological functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents of children with Angelman syndrome consistently reported the highest levels of psychological distress, and parents of children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome the lowest, with parents of children with Cri du Chat syndrome and autism scoring between these two. Positive psychological functioning was similar across the four aetiology groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents of children with rare genetic syndromes are at risk for high levels of stress and mental health problems. Methodological issues and the practical applications of these results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK. g.m.griffith@bangor.ac.uk
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howlin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tunnicliffe
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D003410:Cri-du-Chat Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D003635:De Lange Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult