title: Periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients are more active in interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory responses of host cells to oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, are crucial in the development of periodontitis. Host cells, such as periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts, from periodontitis patients may respond to P. gingivalis in a different manner compared with cells from healthy persons. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory responses to viable P. gingivalis by periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients and healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients (n=14) and healthy control subjects (n=8) were challenged in vitro with viable P. gingivalis. Gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9, CD14, nuclear factor-κB1 and its putative inhibitor NF-κB inhibitor-like protein1, and of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and regulated upon activation, normal T-cel expressed, and secreted, were assessed by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periodontal ligament fibroblasts from periodontitis patients had a higher mRNA expression of TLR1, TLR4, TLR7 and CD14, and a lower expression of NFKBIL1, both before and after P. gingivalis challenge. In contrast, gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients had stronger induction of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR7 by P. gingivalis. Cytokine responses were not different between patients and control subjects. Interestingly, periodontal ligament, but not gingival, fibroblasts from P. gingivalis culture-positive persons responded more strongly to P. gingivalis than periodontal ligament fibroblasts from P. gingivalis-negative persons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts respond to P. gingivalis in a different manner and may play different roles in periodontitis. Both subsets of fibroblasts from patients appear more active in interaction with P. gingivalis. Moreover, periodontal ligament fibroblasts from P. gingivalis-positive donors are more responsive to an in vitro P. gingivalis challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Research Institute MOVE, University of Amsterdam, TheNetherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scheres
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sipos
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bosch-Tijhof
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Crielaard
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Everts
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000032:analysis; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6 / Q000032:analysis; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000032:analysis; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D016328:NF-kappa B; C120111:NFKBIL1 protein, human; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495368:TLR6 protein, human; C495348:TLR7 protein, human; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha