title: Ambulatory oxygen: why do COPD patients not use their portable systems as prescribed? A qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with COPD on long term oxygen therapy frequently do not adhere to their prescription, and they frequently do not use their ambulatory oxygen systems as intended. Reasons for this lack of adherence are not known. The aim of this study was to obtain in-depth information about perceptions and use of prescribed ambulatory oxygen systems from patients with COPD to inform ambulatory oxygen design, prescription and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative design was used, involving semi-structured face-to-face interviews informed by a grounded theory approach. Twenty-seven UK community-dwelling COPD patients using NHS prescribed ambulatory systems were recruited. Ambulatory oxygen systems comprised cylinders weighing 3.4 kg, a shoulder bag and nasal cannulae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported that they: received no instruction on how to use ambulatory oxygen; were uncertain of the benefits; were afraid the system would run out while they were using it (due to lack of confidence in the cylinder gauge); were embarrassed at being seen with the system in public; and were unable to carry the system because of the cylinder weight. The essential role of carers was also highlighted, as participants with no immediate carers did not use ambulatory oxygen outside the house.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These participants highlighted previously unreported problems that prevented them from using ambulatory oxygen as prescribed. Our novel findings point to: concerns with the lack of specific information provision; the perceived unreliability of the oxygen system; important carer issues surrounding managing and using ambulatory oxygen equipment. All of these issues, as well as previously reported problems with system weight and patient embarrassment, should be addressed to improve adherence to ambulatory oxygen prescription and enhance the physical and social benefits of maintaining mobility in this patient group. Increased user involvement in both system development and service provision planning, could have avoided many of the difficulties highlighted by this study.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruton
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donovan-Hall
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dibb
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome