title: Development of a new spatial analysis tool in mental health: identification of highly autocorrelated areas (hot-spots) of schizophrenia using a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm model (MOEA/HS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study had two objectives: (1) to design and develop a computer-based tool, called Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm/Hot-Spots (MOEA/HS), to identify and geographically locate highly autocorrelated zones or hot-spots and which merges different methods, and (2) to carry out a demonstration study in a geographical area where previous information about the distribution of schizophrenia prevalence is available and which can therefore be compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local Indicators of Spatial Aggregation (LISA) models as well as the Bayesian Conditional Autoregressive Model (CAR) were used as objectives in a multicriteria framework when highly autocorrelated zones (hot-spots) need to be identified and geographically located. A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) model was designed and used to identify highly autocorrelated areas of the prevalence of schizophrenia in Andalusia. Hot-spots were statistically identified using exponential-based QQ-Plots (statistics of extremes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficient solutions (Pareto set) from MOEA/HS were analysed statistically and one main hot-spot was identified and spatially located. Our model can be used to identify and locate geographical hot-spots of schizophrenia prevalence in a large and complicated region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MOEA/HS enables a compromise to be achieved between different econometric methods by highlighting very special zones in complex areas where schizophrenia shows a high autocorrelation.
authors.affiliation: ETEA, Department of Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. cgarcia@etea.com
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: García-Alonso
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salvador-Carulla
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Negrín-Hernández
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreno-Küstner
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology