title: Cancer incidence and mortality among workers exposed to benzidine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A historical cohort study was conducted among 997 individuals employed at a chemical production facility to investigate whether occupational exposures to benzidine and other arylamines were associated with the increased risk of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancers were identified from cancer registries, death certificates, and medical records. Exposures were evaluated using a job-exposure matrix. Workers were categorized into exposure groups to calculate cancer-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and perform survival analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SIRs for cancer of the bladder (SIR = 3.5; CI 1.7, 6.4), small intestine (SIR 18.4; CI 2.2, 66.4), and soft tissue including heart (SIR = 11.9; CI 1.4, 42.8) were elevated among workers with the highest exposures and risk increased with increasing exposures. SIRs for several additional cancers were also elevated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support previous findings of increased risk of bladder cancer among individuals exposed to benzidine and other arylamines. Workers may also have been at increased risk for cancers other than cancer of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Bladder Cancer Research Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. sbrown@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Shannon Cameron
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001560:Benzidines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002617:Chemical Industry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001560:Benzidines; C029876:benzidine