title: Defining awakening from anesthesia in infants: a narrative review of published descriptions and scales of behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A descriptive tool or validated scale of consciousness is desirable in infants to test the value of any depth of anesthesia monitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed published descriptions and scales of observed behavior that may be applicable to the study of infants during the transition from anesthesia to wakefulness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potentially useful scales were found that had been developed for the assessment and study of natural sleep, neurological state, arousal, anesthesia, sedation, coma, and pain. Scales or criteria of behavior had been developed for anesthetised children, but there were no agreed definitions or criteria specifically for anesthetised infants or neonates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Criteria for awakening of infants from anesthesia need to be developed and agreed.
authors.affiliation: Portex Unit of Anaesthesia, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK. surym@gosh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Michael R J
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sury
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bould
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D000758:Anesthesia; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D003128:Coma / Q000523:psychology; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*