title: Beverage-specific alcohol sale and cardiovascular mortality in Russia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent research evidence suggests that the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverage may have a differential effect on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality rates. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the consumption of different beverage types and CVD mortality rates in Russia across the later-Soviet and post-Soviet periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-standardized male and female CVD mortality data for the period 1970-2005 and data on beverage-specific alcohol sales were obtained Russian State Statistical Committee (Rosstat). Time-series analytical modeling techniques (ARIMA) were used to examine the relation between the sales of different alcoholic beverages and CVD mortality rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vodka consumption as measured by sales was significantly associated with both male and female CVD mortality rates: a 1 liter increase in vodka sales would result in a 5.3% increase in the male CVD mortality rate and a 3.7% increase in the female rate. The consumption of beer and wine were not associated with CVD mortality rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study suggest that public health efforts should focus on both reducing overall consumption and changing beverage preference away from distilled spirits in order to reduce cardiovascular mortality rates in Russia.
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Laboratory, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, 230009, Belarus. razvodovsky@tut.by
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Razvodovsky
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution