title: Endotoxemia and the host systemic response during experimental gingivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess endotoxemia episodes and subsequent changes in serum inflammatory biomarkers using the experimental gingivitis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 50 healthy black and white adult males and females were compared for serum concentrations of endotoxin, and serum biomarkers [neutrophil oxidative activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen] at baseline, at 3 weeks of experimental gingivitis, and after 2 weeks of recovery. Means were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotoxemia was reported in 56% of the serum samples at 3 weeks of induced gingivitis. At 2 weeks of recovery, endotoxin levels decreased to levels similar to those reported at baseline. Neutrophil oxidative activity increased significantly following 3 weeks of gingivitis versus baseline (p<0.05). In the endotoxin-negative group this increase was associated with the black subjects whereas in the endotoxin-positive group change in neutrophil activity was driven by the female subpopulation. Serum cytokines, CRP, and fibrinogen levels did not change during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experimental gingivitis was associated with endotoxemia and hyperactivity of circulating neutrophils, but not with changes in systemic levels of cytokines and acute-phase proteins. This may be attributed to the mild nature and the short duration of the induced gingivitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Wahaidi
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kowolik
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Dominique M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000276:immunology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010512:Periodontal Index; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein