title: Pain and rejection sensitivity in bipolar depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known regarding the correlates of pain in bipolar disorder. Recent neuroimaging studies support the contention that depression, as well as pain distress and rejection distress, share the same neurobiological circuits. In a recently published study, we confirmed the hypothesis that perception of increased pain during treatment-refractory depression, predominantly unipolar, was related to increased rejection sensitivity. In the present study, we aimed to test this same hypothesis for bipolar depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study analysed data from 67 patients presenting to the Black Dog Institute Bipolar Disorders Clinic in Sydney, Australia. The patients all met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder and had completed a self-report questionnaire regarding perceived pain and rejection sensitivity during depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the experience of headaches (p=0.003) as well as chest pain (p=0.004) during bipolar depression was predicted by a major increase in rejection sensitivity when depressed, i.e., state rejection sensitivity. Being rejection sensitive in general, i.e., trait rejection sensitivity, did not predict pain during depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experience of increased headaches and chest pain during bipolar depression is related to increased rejection sensitivity during depression. Research to further elucidate this relationship is required.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Gothenburg University, and Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic, Oskarsdalgatan 7, Varberg, Sweden. anna.ehnvall@lthalland.se
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehnvall
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hadzi-Pavlovic
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breakspear
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frankland
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult