title: Prevention of pulmonary complications of pneumoperitoneum in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum facilitates the visualization of abdominal organs during laparoscopic surgery. However, the associated increase in intra-abdominal pressure causes oxidative stress, which contributes to tissue injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the ability of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug Erdosteine to prevent CO2 pneumoperitoneum-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen female adult Wistar albino rats were divided into a control group (Group A, n = 7) and an Erdosteine group (Group B, n = 7). Group A received 0.5 cc/day 0.9% NaCl, and Group B received 10 mg/kg/day Erdosteine was administered by gavage, and maintained for 7 days prior to the operation. During the surgical procedure, the rats were exposed to CO2 pneumoperitoneum with an intra-abdominal pressure of 15 mmHg for 30 min. The peritoneal gas was then desufflated. The rats were sacrificed following 3 h of insufflation. Their lungs were removed, histologically evaluated, and scored for intra-alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar edema, congestion, and leukocyte infiltration. The results were statistically analyzed. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were detected in intra-alveolar hemorrhage (P < 0.05), congestion (P < 0.001), and leukocyte infiltration (P < 0.001) in Group A compared with Group B. However, the differences in alveolar edema were not statistically significant (P = 0.698).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2 pneumoperitoneum results in oxidative injury to lung tissue, and administration of Erdosteine reduces the severity of pathological changes. Therefore, Erdosteine may be a useful preventive and therapeutic agent for CO2 pneumoperitoneum-induced oxidative stress in laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Duzce University School of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey. samikarapolat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karapolat
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gezer
authors.forename: Umran
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Talha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dumlu
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karapolat
authors.forename: Ismet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozaydin
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iskender
authors.forename: Hayati
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kandis
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saritas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005100:Expectorants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005100:Expectorants; D013864:Thioglycolates; D013876:Thiophenes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C048498:erdosteine