title: Magnetization transfer helps detect intestinal fibrosis in an animal model of Crohn disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility of magnetization transfer (MT) in the identification and quantification of intestinal fibrosis in a rat model of Crohn disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The university committee on the use and care of animals approved this study (UCUCA 08592). Lewis rats injected subserosally with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) develop bowel inflammation 1 day after laparotomy (early phase) and fibrosis starting 14 days after laparotomy (late phase). The authors performed 2.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 25 rats injected with PG-PS and 13 injected with human serum albumin (HSA) (control animals). Imaging was performed before laparotomy and on a weekly basis thereafter for up to 28 days. The MT ratio in the bowel wall was calculated. Resected cecal tissue was scored for inflammation and fibrosis. Tissue fibrosis was determined with colorimetric analysis of trichrome-stained specimens. Collagen content was measured with Western blot analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with the Student t test for continuous bivariate comparisons, the Pearson correlation for continuous variables, and the Spearman correlation for ordinal variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All rats developed early inflammation, which subsided over time. Rats injected with PG-PS developed increased fibrosis in the late phase, whereas control rats did not. The mean MT ratio of rats injected with PG-PS with late-phase fibrosis was higher than that in rats with early phase inflammation (P = .017). In addition, the MT ratio of rats injected with PG-PS with late-phase fibrosis was higher than that of control animals that did not develop fibrosis in the late phase (P = .0001). The MT ratio of control animals remained unchanged over time as inflammation subsided. The MT ratio in rats injected with PG-PS showed correlation with tissue fibrosis (ρ = 0.63). The MT ratio showed correlation with tissue collagen (R = 0.74). The positive and negative predictive values of the MT ratio in the prediction of fibrosis were 92% (12 of 13 rats) and 83% (five of six rats), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that MT is sensitive to bowel wall fibrosis as occurs in Crohn strictures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, A520B MSRB I, Box 5658, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jeradler@umich.edu
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Phyllissa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmiedlin-Ren
authors.forename: Peter D R
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Golembeski
authors.forename: Alexandros D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Polydorides
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Hero K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Trevor M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Verrot
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D008280:Magnetics; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity