title: The influence of toothbrushing and coffee staining on different composite surface coatings.
abstract: The aim of our study is to evaluate the performance of surface sealants and conventional polishing after ageing procedures. Eighty circular composite restorations were performed on extracted human molars. After standardised roughening, the restorations were either sealed with one of three surface sealants (Lasting Touch (LT), BisCover LV (BC), G-Coat Plus (GP) or a dentin adhesive Heliobond (HB)) or were manually polished with silicon polishers (MP) (n = 16). The average roughness (Ra) and colourimetric parameters (CP) (L*a*b*) were evaluated. The specimens underwent an artificial ageing process by thermocycling, staining (coffee) and abrasive (toothbrushing) procedures. After each ageing step, Ra and CP measurements were repeated. A qualitative surface analysis was performed with SEM. The differences between the test groups regarding Ra and CP values were analysed with nonparametric ANOVA analysis (α = 0.05). The lowest Ra values were achieved with HB. BC and GP resulted in Ra values below 0.2 μm (clinically relevant threshold), whereas LT and MP sometimes led to higher Ra values. LT showed a significantly higher discolouration after the first coffee staining, but this was normalised to the other groups after toothbrushing. The differences between the measurements and test groups for Ra and CP were statistically significant. However, the final colour difference showed no statistical difference among the five groups. SEM evaluation showed clear alterations after ageing in all coating groups. Surface sealants and dentin adhesives have the potential to reduce surface roughness but tend to debond over time. Surface sealants can only be recommended for polishing provisional restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. brigitte.zimmerli@zmk.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmerli
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flury
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lussi
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003069:Coffee; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000295:instrumentation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000180:Acrylic Resins; C481141:BisCover; C520091:CeramX; D003069:Coffee; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C469607:OptiBond FL; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; D014100:Toothpastes; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C040415:heliobond; C030242:phosphoric acid; D012825:Silicon