title: How well does the new lung cancer staging system predict for local/regional recurrence after surgery?: A comparison of the TNM 6 and 7 systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate how well the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) 6 and TNM 7 staging systems predict rates of local/regional recurrence (LRR) after surgery alone for non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent surgery for non-small cell lung cancer at Duke between 1995 and 2005 were reviewed. Those undergoing sublobar resections, with positive margins or involvement of the chest wall, or those who received any chemotherapy or radiation therapy (RT) were excluded. Disease recurrence at the surgical margin, or within ipsilateral hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes, was considered as a LRR. Stage was assigned based on both TNM 6 and TNM 7. Rates of LRR were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox regression analysis evaluated the hazard ratio of LRR by stage within TNM 6 and TNM 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 709 patients were eligible for the analysis. Median follow-up was 32 months. For all patients, the 5-year actuarial risk of LRR was 23%. Conversion from TNM 6 to TNM 7 resulted in 21% stage migration (upstaging in 13%; downstaging in 8%). Five-year rates of LRR for stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, and IIIA disease using TNM 6 were 16%, 26%, 43%, 35%, and 40%, respectively. Using TNM 7, corresponding rates were 16%, 23%, 37%, 39%, and 30%, respectively. The hazard ratios for LRR were statistically different for IA and IB in both TNM 6 and 7 but were also different for IB and IIA in TNM 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRR risk increases monotonically for stages IA to IIB in the new TNM 7 system. This information might be valuable when designing future studies of postoperative RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. joseph.pepek@duke.edu
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pepek
authors.forename: Junzo P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chino
authors.forename: Lawrence B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: D'amico
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Onaitis
authors.forename: Neal E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ready
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hubbs
authors.forename: Jessamy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kelsey
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000145:classification / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult