title: Boiled coffee intake and subsequent risk for type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have found an inverse association between consumption of filtered coffee and incident type 2 diabetes. The effect of boiled coffee has been less studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on self-reported coffee consumption was available from health surveys conducted from 1985 to 1999. We estimated type 2 diabetes incidences from redeemed prescriptions of oral antidiabetic drugs in the period 1 January 2004 to 1 January 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With less than 1 cup/day as the reference, the relative risks associated with 1-4, 5-8, and 9 or more cups of boiled coffee per day were 0.87 (95% confidence interval = 0.80-0.95), 0.65 (0.59-0.72), and 0.65 (0.57-0.74), respectively, after adjusting for confounders. The corresponding relative risks associated with other types of coffee (mainly filtered) were 0.84 (0.79-0.90), 0.67 (0.62-0.71) and 0.62 (0.56-0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate inverse association was found between consumption of both boiled and other types of coffee at the age of 40-45 years and the risk of being prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs 5-20 years later.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. Vidar.Hjellvik@fhi.no
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hjellvik
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tverdal
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strøm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents