title: Post-conflict slowing: cognitive adaptation after conflict processing.
abstract: The aftereffects of error and conflict (i.e., stimulus or response incongruency) have been extensively studied in the cognitive control literature. Each has been characterized by its own behavioral signature on the following trial. Conflict leads to a reduced congruency effect (Gratton effect), whereas an error leads to increased response time (post-error slowing). The reason for this dissociation has remained unclear. Here, we show that post-conflict slowing is not typically observed because it is masked by the processing of the irrelevant stimulus dimension. We demonstrate that post-conflict slowing does occur when tested in pure trials where helpful or detrimental impacts from irrelevant stimulus dimensions are removed (i.e., univalent stimuli).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. tom.verguts@ugent.be
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verguts
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Notebaert
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kunde
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wühr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003118:Color Perception; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003657:Decision Making; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult