title: Intermittent palpebral oedema following surgery for nasofrontal encephalocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of intermittent palpebral oedema secondary to a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, following encephalocele surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 9-year-old girl consulted with a history of intermittent swelling of the left upper and lower eyelid. The symptoms started at the age of one. As a relevant fact in her medical history, a neurosurgical repair of a nasofrontal encephalocele at the age of 9 months was withheld. Elaborate imaging studies demonstrated a leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the preseptal periorbital soft tissues, originating from a bony defect in the medial orbital wall. The patient was treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A CSF leakage in the orbital or periorbital region is a rare finding. In the literature, similar defects have been reported after trauma or associated with neoplasia. To our knowledge, this is the first case of periorbital CSF leakage after encephalocele-surgery reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, UZ Brussel, Belgie. Natalie.schaeken@uzbrussel.be
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schaeken
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deconinck
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stadnik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathys
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology*; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013353:Subdural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed