title: Increased tissue kallikrein amidase activity in urine of patients with type 1 diabetes under insulin therapy, and in those with gestational diabetes mellitus not under insulin therapy.
abstract: Human tissue kallikrein (hK1) is reduced in hypertension, cardiovascular and renal diseases. There is little information on the participation of hK1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), type 2 DM, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of insulin and hyperglycemia on urinary hK1 activity in type 1 DM and in GDM. Forty-three type 1 DM patients (5-35 years, disease duration ≤ 5years, receiving insulin, HbA(1c)>7.6%) were selected. Forty-three healthy individuals, paired according to gender and age, were used as controls. Thirty GDM patients (18-42 years, between the 24th and 37th week of pregnancy, recently diagnosed, not under insulin therapy) were also selected. Thirty healthy pregnant (18-42years, between the 24th and 37th week of pregnancy) and 30 healthy non-pregnant women (18-42years) were selected as controls. Random midstream urine was used. hK1 amidase activity was estimated with D-Val-Leu-Arg-Nan substrate. Creatinine was determined by Jaffe's method. hK1 specific amidase activity was expressed as μM/(minmg creatinine) to correct for differences in urine flow rate. hK1 specific amidase activity was significantly higher in the urine of type 1 DM than in controls, and in the urine of GDM patients than in healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women, respectively. The data suggest that hyperglycemia, rather than insulin, is involved in the mechanism of increased hK1 specific amidase activity in both type 1 DM and GDM patients, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Faculdade Pitágoras, Ipatinga, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilmar Machado
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Carolina Antunes
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Adriana Aparecida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Janice Sepulveda
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Antônio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Oliveira
authors.forename: Anelise Impelizieri
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Ricardo Barsaglini da Silva
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Paulo Augusto Carvalho
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Amintas Fabiano de Souza
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C019665:amidase