title: Extraarticular manifestations in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis: impact of EAMs on the health-related quality of life in terms of disease activity, functional status, severity of pain, and social and emotional functioning.
abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also assess the impact of EAMs on various health-related quality of life (HRQoL) domains, including physical, social, emotional, mental functioning, and bodily pain. A total of 150 patients were included in the study. EAMs were identified clinically. Pulmonary involvement was confirmed by using pulmonary function tests (PFT) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), atlantoaxial subluxation by cervical spine X-rays. Peripheral neuropathy, rheumatoid nodules, and Sicca symptoms were picked up on clinical examination. Peripheral neuropathy was also confirmed by electroneurophysiologic studies. Patients were evaluated by Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL), and Short form-36 (SF36). The quadrivariate Disease Activity Score- 28 (DAS28) was used for measuring disease activity. Functional status was evaluated by using the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The severity of pain was documented by using 10-cm Visual Analog Scale-Pain (VAS-pain). EAMs were observed in 50 patients (33.3%). These were pulmonary involvement (28.7%), rheumatoid nodules (14.7%), Sicca Syndrome (8%), peripheral neuropathy (2.7%), and atlantoaxial subluxation (0.7%), respectively. It was not recorded any statistically significant difference in HAQ, DAS28, VAS-pain, and RAQoL scores between the patient groups with and without EAMs. Patients with EAMs scored significantly lower in physical functioning, role-physical, and role-emotional subgroups of SF36 (P < 0.01). Presence of EAMs is not directly associated with disease activity and functional status, but influences negatively HRQoL including physical and emotional functioning.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Garip
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bodur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012218:Rheumatoid Nodule / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents