title: Use of the Hypomania Checklist-32 and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for detecting bipolarity in 1051 patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use the hypomania checklist (HCL-32) and the mood disorder questionnaire (MDQ), for detecting bipolarity in depressed patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand and fifty-one patients fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for unipolar major depressive episode, single or recurrent, were studied. Patients were assessed using a structured demographic and clinical data interview, and by the Polish versions of the HCL-32 and MDQ questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypomanic symptoms exceeding cut-off criteria for bipolarity by HCL-32 were found in 37.5% of patients and, by MDQ, in 20% of patients. Patients with HCL-32 (+) or MDQ (+) differed significantly from patients with HCl-32 (-) and MDQ (-) respectively, by being less frequently married, having more family history of depression, bipolar disorder, alcoholism and suicide, earlier onset of illness, and more depressive episodes and psychiatric hospitalizations. The percentage of patients resistant to treatment with antidepressant drugs was significantly higher in HCL-32 (+) vs. HCL-32 (-) and in MDQ (+) vs. MDQ (-): 43.9% vs. 30.0%, and 26.4% vs. 12.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm a substantial percentage of bipolarity in major depressive disorder. Such patients have a number of clinical characteristics pointing on a more severe form of the illness and their depression is more resistant to treatment with antidepressants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland. rybakows@wlkp.top.pl
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pawlowski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lojko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siwek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiejna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D057189:Checklist / Q000592:standards; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D061218:Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult