title: Radiofrequency facial rejuvenation: evidence-based effect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple therapies involving ablative and nonablative techniques have been developed for rejuvenation of photodamaged skin. Monopolar radiofrequency (RF) is emerging as a gentler, nonablative skin-tightening device that delivers uniform heat to the dermis at a controlled depth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the clinical effects and objectively quantified the histologic changes of the nonablative RF device in the treatment of photoaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six individuals of Fitzpatrick skin type III to IV and Glogau class I to II wrinkles were subjected to 3 months of treatment (6 sessions at 2-week intervals). Standard photographs and skin biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after the start of treatment. We performed quantitative evaluation of total elastin, collagen types I and III, and newly synthesized collagen using computerized histometric and immunohistochemical techniques. Blinded photographs were independently scored for wrinkle improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RF produced noticeable clinical results, with high satisfaction and corresponding facial skin improvement. Compared with the baseline, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean of collagen types I and III, and newly synthesized collagen, while the mean of total elastin was significantly decreased, at the end of treatment and 3 months posttreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A limitation of this study is the small number of patients, yet the results show a significant improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the results may not be as impressive as those obtained by ablative treatments, RF is a promising treatment option for photoaging with fewer side effects and downtime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Al-Minya University, Al-Minya, Egypt.
authors.forename: Moetaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el-Domyati
authors.forename: Tarek S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: el-Ammawi
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Medhat
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moawad
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: My G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Jouni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uitto
mesh_terms: D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D004549:Elastin / Q000378:metabolism; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D004549:Elastin