title: Assessing the information desire of patients with advanced cancer by providing information with a decision aid, which is evaluated in a randomized trial: a study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a continuing debate on the desirability of informing patients with cancer and thereby involving them in treatment decisions. On the one hand, information uptake may be hampered, and additional stress could be inflicted by involving these patients. On the other hand, even patients with advanced cancer desire information on risks and prognosis. To settle the debate, a decision aid will be developed and presented to patients with advanced disease at the point of decision making. The aid is used to assess the amount of information desired. Factors related to information desire are explored, as well as the ability of the medical oncologist to judge the patient's information desire. The effects of the information on patient well-being are assessed by comparing the decision aid group with a usual care group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a randomized controlled trial of patients with advanced colorectal, breast, or ovarian cancer who have started treatment with first-line palliative chemotherapy. The trial will consist of 100 patients in the decision aid group and 70 patients in the usual care group. To collect complete data of 170 patients, 246 patients will be approached for the study. Patients will complete a baseline questionnaire on sociodemographic data, well-being measures, and psychological measures, believed to predict information desire. The medical oncologist will judge the patient's information desire. After disease progression is diagnosed, the medical oncologist offers the choice between second-line palliative chemotherapy plus best supportive care (BSC) and BSC alone. Randomization will take place to determine whether patients will receive usual care (n = 70) or usual care and the decision aid (n = 100). The aid offers information about the potential risks and benefits of both treatment options, in terms of adverse events, tumour response, and survival. Patients decide for each item whether they desire the information or not. Two follow-up questionnaires will evaluate the effect of the decision aid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study attempts to settle the debate on the desirability of informing patients with cancer. In contrast to several earlier studies, we will actually deliver information on treatment options to patients at the point of decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (RUNMC), Nijmegen, the Netherlands. l.oostendorp@ebh.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Linda J M
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Oostendorp
authors.forename: Petronella B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ottevanger
authors.forename: Winette T A
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: Peep F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Stalmeier
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents