title: Trans fat diet causes decreased brood size and shortened lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans delta-6-desaturase mutant fat-3.
abstract: Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) enter the diet through industrial processes and can cause adverse human health effects. The present study was aimed to examine the effects of dietary cis- and trans-fatty acids on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Cis- or trans-18:1n9 triglycerides (25 μM) caused no apparent changes in the numbers of viable progeny of wild-type N2 animals. However, in fat-3 mutants lacking delta-6-desaturase, the trans-isomer caused modest decreases in lifespan and progeny after three generations. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) profiles were significantly altered in fat-3 mutants compared to wild type but were not altered after exposure to dietary cis- or trans-18:1n9. Genome-wide expression analysis of fat-3 mutants revealed hundreds of changes. Several genes involved in fat metabolism (acs-2, fat-7, mdt-15) were significantly increased by cis- or trans-18:1n9 without discrimination between isomers. These results provide support for the hypothesis that dietary trans fats are detrimental to development and aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reisner
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storvik
authors.forename: Tanel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jantson
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lakso
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D052284:Clutch Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase