title: A systematic review and Number Needed to Treat analysis to guide the management of the neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the literature to identify studies from which it is possible to perform a Number Needed to Treat (NNT) analysis to identify, in a more clinically intuitive manner, neck node levels for which treatment is essential in the N0 and N+ neck with respect to the primary site of tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature review using a defined search strategy; data extraction from studies meeting the inclusion criteria; calculation of NNT for individual neck node levels with respect to primary site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6169 articles were identified from searches of Embase, Medline, The Cochrane library of randomised control trials, conference proceedings and the bibliographies of retrieved papers. Titles and abstracts were screened; from these, 219 studies were retrieved for detailed review. One hundred and ninety six papers were excluded and 23 studies were included in the final analysis. Following review of the data from these studies, and accepting a NNT cut-off of 5 we confirmed that the following lymph node levels should be treated:
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NNT is a clinically intuitive parameter to guide appropriate lymph node level treatment in patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK. sank.tandon@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sankalap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Nazia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: Shaun R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Terry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D009333:Neck