title: Suprapubic needle cystoscopy: a new technique to detect iatrogenic injuries to the lower urinary tract.
abstract: Latrogenic injury to the lower urinary tract, specifically the ureter and bladder, is a potential risk of any pelvic surgery. According to the available literature, the incidence of injury to the ureter ranges from 0.5-2.5% for routine pelvic operarions. In actuality, the incidence of ureteral injury during pelvic surgery may even be higher, as many cases are not reported, not detected or are asymptomatic. Injury to the bladder during pelvic surgery most commonly occurs in the form of inadverant laceration or placement of sutures through the bladder wall. Previous pelvic surgery, including Cesearean section, hysterectomy and bladder suspension procedures, and gynecologic conditions such as malignancy, endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease increase the risk for bladder trauma.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of OB/GYN, University of California, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ostergard