title: Rectal microbicides: can we make them and will people use them?
abstract: The results of the CAPRISA 004 and iPrEx HIV prevention studies have demonstrated that topical or systemic use of antiretroviral agents can significantly reduce the risk of HIV acquisition associated with unprotected vaginal or anal sexual intercourse. However, the effect size in these studies was relatively modest and product adherence was generally poor. These observations suggest the need for new approaches to HIV prevention, especially for high risk MSM. Rates of lubricant use are high in MSM practicing receptive anal sex. Consequently, the development of an antiretroviral rectal microbicide gel may provide a safe and effective means of preventing HIV infection with an intervention that is likely to have high acceptability among the target population. The purpose of this article is to describe the challenges and progress in the development of rectal microbicides for HIV prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Haepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave., Room B505, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. imcgowan@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McGowan
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents