title: Oxidized low-density lipoproteins in cord blood from neonates with intra-uterine growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We verified whether oxidative stress indices (oxidized low-density lipoproteins and malondialdehyde) and inflammatory biomarkers (circulating C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, serum amyloid A and soluble intercellular vascular cell adhesion molecule) are increased in the umbilical vein of placental insufficiency induced intra-uterine growth restricted neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective cohort study, involving 3 tertiary care centers, consists of 200 consecutively recruited pregnant women carrying twins. We chose the twin pregnancy model because both fetuses share the same maternal environment, thereby avoiding potential confounding factors when comparing oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. We analysed only twin pairs with one with intra-uterine growth restriction (N=38) defined as fetal growth<10th percentile with abnormal Doppler of the umbilical artery. Blood samples were taken at birth from the umbilical vein. Intra-pair comparisons on the biomarkers were performed using the Student paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed increased cord blood levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, (2.394 ± .412 vs 1.296 ± .204, p=.003) but not of malondialdehyde in growth restricted neonates when compared to their normal counterparts. Although indices of inflammation tended to be increased in cord blood from growth restricted newborns, the difference did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the twin model, intra-uterine growth restriction is associated with low-density lipoprotein oxidation without apparent dysregulation of inflammation biomarkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased oxidized low-density lipoproteins are observed in growth restricted twins compared to their co-twins with normal growth at birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Université de Montréal and Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Quebec, Canada. l.leduc@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leduc
authors.forename: Edgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delvin
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouity-Voubou
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moutquin
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fouron
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klam
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014427:Twins; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde