title: Use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increases risk for diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, have been implicated in diverticular complications. We examined the influence of aspirin and NSAID use on risk of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding in a large prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 47,210 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohort who were 40-75 years old at baseline in 1986. We assessed use of aspirin, nonaspirin NSAIDs, and other risk factors biennially. We identified men with diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding based on responses to biennial and supplementary questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented 939 cases of diverticulitis and 256 cases of diverticular bleeding during a 22-year period of follow-up evaluation. After adjustment for risk factors, men who used aspirin regularly (≥2 times/wk) had a multivariable hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.47) for diverticulitis and a HR of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.21-2.39) for diverticular bleeding, compared with nonusers of aspirin and NSAIDs. Use of aspirin at intermediate doses (2-5.9 standard, 325-mg tablets/wk) and frequency (4-6 days/wk) were associated with the highest risk of bleeding (multivariable HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.34-4.02, and multivariable HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.82-5.38, respectively). Regular users of nonaspirin NSAIDs also had an increased risk of diverticulitis (multivariable HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.40-2.11) and diverticular bleeding (multivariable HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.15-2.64), compared with men who denied use of these medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular use of aspirin or NSAIDs is associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. Patients at risk of diverticular complications should carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of using these medications.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. lstrate@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Lisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Strate
authors.forename: Yan L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004238:Diverticulitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin