title: Frequency and risk factors for sepsis resulting from neuroendovascular treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endovascular treatments are minimally invasive and rarely cause complicating infections. Although cases complicated by device infections have been reported, we could not find any studies evaluating infections following neuroendovascular treatment in particular. Therefore, we assessed the frequency of sepsis and other associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2006 to May 2008, we investigated 256 prospective neuroendovascular treatment cases at our facility. We examined the frequency of sepsis and other associated risk factors as well as organisms and the early detection tests such as various cultures and serodiagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of sepsis due to complications was 8.6% in the aggregate and 5.7% in 193 procedures without a central venous catheter and hemodialysis. All sepsis cases were successfully treated with antibiotics. However, in 2 cases, the patients developed methicillin-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS infections, which were intractable. The highest risk factors for sepsis were a large sheath size [>7 F; OR =5.03; P =0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-19.47] and meningioma embolization (OR =13.25; P =0.04; 95% CI 1.07-163.56). The degree to which experienced staff (OR =0.09; P =0.05; 95% CI 0.09-0.97) affected the incidence of sepsis was less significant. Microorganisms were isolated from half the operating field, and the risk factor, in this case, depended on inexperienced surgical staff (OR =1.98; P =0.03; 95% CI 1.07-3.67). Although we were unable to find a means to predict sepsis, we presumed antibiotic prophylaxis would be useful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of sepsis following neuroendovascular treatment is high. We should pay particular attention to the sterilization process and the operating field when undertaking neuroendovascular treatment that requires the use of a large-size sheath in patients with serious conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kenotokorozawa Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. h.ishihara@ken-o-tokorozawahosp.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okawara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maesaki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hashikita
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents