title: The importance of production frequency in therapy for childhood apraxia of speech.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explores the importance of production frequency during speech therapy to determine whether more practice of speech targets leads to increased performance within a treatment session, as well as to motor learning, in the form of generalization to untrained words.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two children with childhood apraxia of speech were treated with an alternating treatment AB design, with production frequency differing in the 2 treatments. The higher production frequency treatment required 100+ productions in 15 min, while the moderate-frequency treatment required 30-40 productions in the same time period. One child was treated 3 times weekly for 11 weeks; the other child was treated twice weekly for 5 weeks. At the conclusion of each treatment phase, 5 min of probes were administered to determine whether generalization had occurred. Maintenance data to measure performance and learning were collected after a break from treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both children showed improvement on all targets; however, the targets with the higher production frequency treatment were acquired faster, evidenced by better in-session performance and greater generalization to untrained probes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both treatment designs were effective, though frequent and intense practice of speech resulted in more rapid response to treatment in 2 children whose primary communication difficulty was childhood apraxia of speech.
authors.affiliation: Portland State University, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Denice Michelle
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Edeal
authors.forename: Christina Elke
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gildersleeve-Neumann
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption; D001072:Apraxias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000628:therapy; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010700:Phonetics; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*