title: Developmental arrest of scNT-derived fetuses by disruption of the developing endometrial gland as a result of impaired trophoblast migration and invasiveness.
abstract: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (scNT)-derived pig placenta tissues of gestational day 30 displayed avascularization and hypovascularization. Most of the cytotrophoblast-like cells of the developing scNT-derived placenta villi were improperly localized or exhibited impaired migration to their targeting loci. Id-2, Met, MMP-9, and MCM-7 were barely detectable in the cytotrophoblast cells of the scNT-derived placenta villi. Active MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was significantly down-regulated in the scNT-embryo transferred recipient uteri. scNT clones exhibited a hypermethylated pattern within the pig MMP-9 promoter region and the significance of GC box in the regulation of MMP-9 promoter activity. Marked apoptosis was observed in the developing endometrial gland of scNT-embryo transferred recipient uteri. Collectively, our data strongly indicated that early gestational death of scNT clones is caused, at least in part, by disruption of the developing endometrial gland as a result of impaired trophoblast migration and invasiveness due to the down-regulation of active MMP-9 expression.
authors.forename: Jae-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi-Rung
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyu-Chan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Keun-Kyu
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chankyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hwi-Cheul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Soo-Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Teoan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Hoi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9