title: Cytotoxicity comparison of mineral trioxide aggregates and EndoSequence bioceramic root repair materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this bench top evidence level 5 in vitro study was to compare the cytotoxic effect of 2 brands of white mineral trioxide aggregate cement (ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus), Brasseler EndoSequence Root Repair Material, and Brasseler EndoSequence Root Repair Putty by using human dermal fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cells were cultured in recommended culture conditions and exposed to the tested materials. The cytotoxic effects were recorded at an observation period of 24 hours by using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-based colorimetric assay. Results were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance with significance of p < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All materials tested demonstrated cell viability ≥ 91.8%. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in cell viability of ProRoot MTA, MTA-Angelus, and Brasseler EndoSequence Root Repair Material. However, there was a statistically significant difference negatively associated with the cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts in association with the Brasseler EndoSequence Root Repair Putty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brasseler EndoSequence Root Repair Materials were shown to have similar cytotoxicity levels to those of ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48208-2576, USA. bethann.dds@gmail.com
authors.forename: Beth Ann
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Damas
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wheater
authors.forename: Josef S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bringas
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hoen
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000633:toxicity; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D013635:Tantalum / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D015040:Zirconium / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D013635:Tantalum; D015040:Zirconium; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002710:Chlorhexidine