title: Immune reconstitution after a decade of combined antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has reversed the fatal course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HAART controls virus production and, in most cases, allows the quantitative and functional immune defects caused by HIV to be reversed. Here, we review T cell homeostatic mechanisms that drive immune recovery. These homeostatic mechanisms, as well as differences in T cell antigen exposure, explain the distinct patterns of recovery for HIV-specific T cells versus T cells specific for other pathogens. Immune restoration during HAART can, however, have adverse effects. Immune restoration syndrome occurs in some patients as a result of successful but unbalanced immunity.
authors.affiliation: UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UM-5945, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Immunitiet infection F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guihot
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgarit
authors.forename: Guislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carcelain
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Autran
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D014611:Vaccination