title: Interleukin-10 genotypes of the -1087 single nucleotide polymorphism influence sp1 expression in periodontitis lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important cytokine in immune regulation, and the -1087 IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with chronic periodontitis. The binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the -1087 position in the IL-10 promoter upregulates IL-10 gene expression, especially in patients with the GG genotype. A correlation between the -1087 GG genotype and high IL-10 and Sp1 gene expressions was found.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five individuals with severe generalized chronic periodontitis were genotyped for the -1087 IL-10 gene polymorphism. SV40 promoter factor 1/specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and IL-10 mRNA were analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The amount of Sp1-positive cells and Sp1-positive B cells, as well as the amount of Sp1 protein, in periodontitis lesions were assessed using immunohistochemistry and an in situ proximity ligation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA expression of Sp1 and IL-10 in patients with the GG genotype was four times higher than that in patients with the AA genotype. Proportions of Sp1-positive cells overall and Sp1-positive B cells were larger in patients with the GG genotype than in patients with the AA genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transcription factor Sp1 was present in large amounts in periodontitis lesions, and the local expression of Sp1 was related to the -1087 IL-10 SNP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. lena.larsson@odontologi.gu.se
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thorbert-Mros
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rymo
authors.forename: Tord
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berglundh
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006147:Guanine; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D006147:Guanine; D000225:Adenine