title: [The protective effect of glutamine on endotoxemic intestinal injury and expression of heme oxygenase-1 in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of glutamine (Glu) pretreatment on intestinal injury induced by endotoxin and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 in each group): normal control group, model group, Glu group and Glu+zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group. In model group, endotoxemia was produced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg). In Glu group, the rats received intragastrically 1 g/kg of Glu 12 hours before LPS intraperitoneal injection. In Glu+ZnPP group, the rats received 1 g/kg of Glu by gavage 12 hours before LPS intraperitoneal injection and ZnPP 10 mmol/kg intravenously via tail vein 1 hour before LPS injection. The distal ileum was harvested in full thickness 12 hours after LPS injection. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the intestine were determined, the pathologic changes were observed and expressed in Chiu grade. The expression of HO-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal control group, the Chiu grade, MPO activity, the content of TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased in model group [Chiu grade: 3.3±0.4 vs. 1.1±0.6, MPO activity (U/g): 0.40±0.08 vs. 0.26±0.07, TNF-α (ng/g): 25.2±6.9 vs. 6.5±2.8, IL-10 (ng/g): 27.6±10.2 vs. 5.7±2.9, all P<0.01], and the expression of HO-1 was decreased. Compared with model group, the Chiu grade, MPO activity, the content of TNF-α in Glu group were significantly decreased [Chiu grade: 1.6±0.5 vs. 3.3±0.4, MPO activity (U/g): 0.25±0.05 vs. 0.40±0.08, the content of TNF-α (ng/g): 13.4±3.2 vs. 25.2±6.9, all P<0.01], while the level of IL-10 (ng/g) elevated (47.3±5.5 vs. 27.6±10.2, P<0.01), and the expression of HO-1 was increased. There was no difference in above mentioned indexes between model group and Glu+ZnPP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glu pretreatment significantly ameliorates the expression of HO-1 of intestinal tissue induced by LPS in rats, and intestinal mucosa is protected with alleviation of inflammatory reaction in intestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China. qfpang@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Qing-Feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Wen-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hua-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism*; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005973:Glutamine; D016753:Interleukin-10; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C491523:Hmox1 protein, rat