title: Microsurgical endodontic retreatment of a maxillary molar with a separated file: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A separated instrument complicated orthograde endodontic retreatment of a maxillary molar tooth with apical periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tooth was treated utilizing microsurgical techniques that employed an operating microscope, ultrasonics, micro-instrumentation and mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healing was evident at a 12-month review appointment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsurgical techniques have significantly improved the outcomes for healing of periapical lesions when compared to traditional approaches to endodontic surgery. Success rates have been shown to be comparable with conventional orthograde treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Australia. w.kahler@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kahler
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000379:methods*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery*; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000601:surgery; D010484:Periapical Granuloma / Q000601:surgery; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy; D019233:Retreatment; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate