title: Phosphorylation of cAMP-specific PDE4A5 (phosphodiesterase-4A5) by MK2 (MAPKAPK2) attenuates its activation through protein kinase A phosphorylation.
abstract: cAMP-specific PDE (phosphodiesterase) 4 isoforms underpin compartmentalized cAMP signalling in mammalian cells through targeting to specific signalling complexes. Their importance is apparent as PDE4 selective inhibitors exert profound anti-inflammatory effects and act as cognitive enhancers. The p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling cascade is a key signal transduction pathway involved in the control of cellular immune, inflammatory and stress responses. In the present study, we show that PDE4A5 is phosphorylated at Ser147, within the regulatory UCR1 (ultraconserved region 1) domain conserved among PDE4 long isoforms, by MK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2, also called MAPKAPK2). Phosphorylation by MK2, although not altering PDE4A5 activity, markedly attenuates PDE4A5 activation through phosphorylation by protein kinase A. This modification confers the amplification of intracellular cAMP accumulation in response to adenylate cyclase activation by attenuating a major desensitization system to cAMP. Such reprogramming of cAMP accumulation is recapitulated in wild-type primary macrophages, but not MK2/3-null macrophages. Phosphorylation by MK2 also triggers a conformational change in PDE4A5 that attenuates PDE4A5 interaction with proteins whose binding involves UCR2, such as DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) and AIP (aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein), but not the UCR2-independent interacting scaffold protein β-arrestin. Long PDE4 isoforms thus provide a novel node for cross-talk between the cAMP and p38 MAPK signalling systems at the level of MK2.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Wolfson Link and Davidson Buildings, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
authors.forename: Kirsty F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: Derek A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Elaine V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Diana F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: David J P
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Houslay
authors.forename: J Simon C
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: Miles D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Houslay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
chemical_list: D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2