title: Nuclear protein isoforms: implications for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
abstract: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of nuclear proteins play essential roles in the regulation of gene transcription and signal transduction pathways. Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between specific nuclear protein isoforms and cellular malignant process. This communication reviews the impact of major PTM events such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation on several important nuclear proteins including p53, histones, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA), and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in the process. In addition, the implications of the PTMs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets are considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Kashif Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Kirmani
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Thirlby
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Linda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Malkas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C115163:CREB1 protein, human; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D006657:Histones; C489427:MYC protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53