title: Analysing a family-centred preoperative intervention programme: a dismantling approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this project was to identify key effective components of ADVANCE, a family-centred preoperative intervention programme, through the use of a dismantling approach. ADVANCE was previously demonstrated to be more effective than parental presence and just as effective as midazolam in reducing children's preoperative anxiety. The total programme, however, may be difficult to implement in hospitals across the country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects in this follow-up dismantling report were 96 children aged 2-10 who were part of the original study and who underwent anaesthesia and surgery. Baseline characteristics, parental adherence to the components of ADVANCE, and child and parent anxiety were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that greater parental adherence to the ADVANCE intervention was associated with lower child anxiety before surgery. The two components of ADVANCE that emerged as having a significant impact on children's anxiety were practising with the anaesthesia mask at home and parental planning and use of distraction in the preoperative holding area. In fact, not only did children experience significantly less preoperative anxiety when their parents were adherent to mask practise and use of distraction, their anxiety tended to remain stable and relatively low throughout the preoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shaping and exposure (i.e. practise with the anaesthesia mask) and parental use of distraction in the surgical setting are two beneficial components that could be included in preoperative preparation programmes that will be designed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California-Irvine, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 2150, Orange, CA 92868, USA. mfortier@uci.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Blount
authors.forename: S-M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: Z N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000523:psychology*