title: Surgical and transcatheter closure of right pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula is a very rare cardiac malformation. We sought to describe our experience with surgical and transcatheter treatment of this defect in three cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2000 and October 2009, three patients with right pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula were treated at our institute. They were all males and aged 23, 7, and 14, respectively. They presented with cyanosis with clubbing of fingers and toes in three cases, and exertional dyspnea in two. Laboratory tests showed elevated hemoglobin and decreased systemic arterial oxygen saturation. Preoperative diagnosis was made by echocardiography and cardioangiography. The fistula was closed surgically in two patients either by simple ligation without cardiopulmonary bypass or by suture of the fistula from inside the right pulmonary artery lumen under cardiopulmonary bypass. In the third patient, the fistula was occluded with an 18-mm Amplatzer septal occluder (AGA Medical, Plymouth, MN, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The systemic oxygen saturation rose up to above 96% immediately after the procedures. No operative or procedural complication and late deaths occurred. All three patients were asymptomatic on follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both surgical and transcatheter closure are safe and reliable treatment for patients with right pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula. The treatment should be individualized and performed as soon as the diagnosis is made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Wei-Guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lian-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D005402:Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult