title: The role of HDACs inhibitors in childhood and adolescence acute leukemias.
abstract: Acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood and adolescence cancer, characterized by clonal proliferation of variably differentiated myeloid or lymphoid precursors. Recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of leukemia have shown that epigenetic modifications, such as deacetylation of histones and DNA methylation, play crucial roles in leukemogenesis, by transcriptional silencing of critical genes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are potential targets in the treatment of leukaemia, and, as a consequence, inhibitors of HDACs (HDIs) are being studied for therapeutic purposes. HDIs promote or enhance several different anticancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cellular differentiation and, therefore, are in evidence as promising treatment for children and adolescents with acute leukemia, in monotherapy or in association with other anticancer drugs. Here we review the main preclinical and clinical studies regarding the use of HDIs in treating childhood and adolescence leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Lalla Seràgnoli Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, 40137 Bologna, Italy. riccardo.masetti@gmail.com
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masetti
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serravalle
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biagi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pession
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases