title: Psychometric properties and construct validity of the brief Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives in an Internet-based sample of treatment-seeking Hungarian smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both full and brief versions of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence are promising new measurement tools for studying tobacco dependence. We assessed the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM)-68 and WISDM-37.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were adult, treatment-seeking Hungarian daily smokers (N = 720) with Internet access who were also registered on a smoking cessation Web site. Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), we tested the measurement models of both WISDM-68 and WISDM-37, internal consistency of subscales of WISDM-37, and gender invariance. We tested the associations between heaviness of smoking, tobacco dependence symptoms, smoking environment, and subscales of WISDM-37.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the measurement model of WISDM-68 did not fit adequately, the measurement model of WISDM-37, including 11 correlating factors (affiliative attachment, automaticity, loss of control, cognitive enhancement, craving, cue exposure/associative processes, social/environmental goads, taste, tolerance, weight control, affective enhancement), satisfactorily represents the data. Latent structures are equal in both genders. Internal consistency of subscales of WISDM-37 ranges between 0.67 and 0.90. Tobacco dependence symptoms were significantly linked with all motives, heaviness of smoking was related significantly only to affiliative attachment, automaticity, loss of control, cognitive enhancement, craving, and tolerance, while tobacco dependence symptoms and gender were controlled. Gender was associated only with the weight control motive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurring with previous reports using other types of sample, WISDM-37 has sufficient psychometric properties and good construct validity to make it useful in measuring the multidimensional nature of tobacco dependence even in Internet-based research. Without precedent, gender equality of WISDM-37 is also supported.
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation Centre, Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajer
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urbán
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tombor
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stauder
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalabay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*