title: Lack of dietary diversity and dyslipidaemia among stunted overweight children: the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both stunting and overweight are present in children across China. Seemingly paradoxical, these two conditions can also coexist in the same child. The aim was to examine the associations between dietary food/nutrient intake and plasma lipid profiles related to stunting and overweight status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey was a family-based nationally representative cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 13,770 children aged 2-17 years. The sample size for the four exposure groups was 10,814 for children of normal height and weight, 2128 for stunted, 729 for overweight and 99 for stunted overweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with children of normal height and weight, stunted and stunted overweight children consumed more high-energy-dense foods with a lower dietary diversity score, less protein, polyunsaturated fat and Fe, and a higher molar ratio of phytate to Ca. On the contrary, overweight children tended to consume significantly less carbohydrates and more protein and fat. Overall, stunted overweight children consumed lower amounts of vegetables, fruit, white meat (poultry and fish) and more milk. The OR for prevalent dyslipidaemia were 1·32 (95% CI 1·13, 1·53), 1·76 (95% CI 1·48, 2·09) and 2·59 (95% CI 1·65, 4·07) among stunted, overweight and stunted overweight children, respectively, compared with children of normal height and weight. In addition, being overweight was significantly associated with high glucose concentrations, whereas stunting was significantly associated with having anaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited dietary diversity and intake of high-energy-dense foods were notably observed among stunted overweight children. Furthermore, being stunted and/or overweight was associated with an increased likelihood of unhealthy lipid profiles.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Road 29 Hao, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China. liyanping72@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Wedick
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yuna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ailing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Songming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Guansheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009753:Nutritive Value; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence