title: Ambient air pollution and congenital heart disease: a register-based study.
abstract: Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution has increasingly been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The evidence linking this exposure to congenital anomalies is still limited and controversial. This case-control study investigated the association between maternal exposure to ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O(3)), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the occurrence of congenital heart disease in the population of Northeast England (1993-2003). Each case and control was assigned weekly average (weeks 3-8 of pregnancy) of pollutant levels measured by the closest monitor to the mother's residential postcode. Using exposure as both continuous and categorical variables, logistic regression models were constructed to quantify the adjusted odds ratios of exposure to air pollutants and the occurrence of each outcome group. We found exposure to CO and NO to be associated with ventricular septal defect and cardiac septa malformations. CO was also associated with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis and NO with pooled cases of congenital heart disease and tetralogy of Fallot. Findings for SO(2), O(3) and PM(10) were less consistent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK. pdadvand@creal.cat
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dadvand
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pless-Mulloli
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000506:poisoning*; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000506:poisoning; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000506:poisoning; D010126:Ozone / Q000506:poisoning; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000506:poisoning; D011247:Pregnancy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000506:poisoning
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide