title: Genetics behind barbed wire: Masuo Kodani, émigré geneticists, and wartime genetics research at Manzanar relocation center.
abstract: This article explores the sociopolitical backdrop of genetics research during the politically turbulent decades of the mid-20th century that saw the persecution, displacement, and relocation of unpopular minorities in both the United States and Europe. It explores how geneticists in the United States accommodated these disruptions through formal and informal émigré networks and how the subsequent war affected their research programs and their lives. It does so by focusing on the career and life of geneticist Masuo Kodani, who, as a Japanese American, found himself conducting unexpected cytogenetics research in Manzanar, a "relocation center," or internment camp, located in the California desert, after the attack on Pearl Harbor. After the war, Kodani's subsequent career continued to be shaped by his experiences as a Japanese American and by the specific skills as a cytogeneticist that he demonstrated at a critical period in the history of 20th-century genetics. His many relocations in search of employment culminated in his work with the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission on human chromosomes, for which he is best known.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. bsmocovi@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Vassiliki Betty
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Smocovitis
mesh_terms: D001213:Asian; D003209:Concentration Camps; D036281:Genetic Research / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012108:Research Personnel; D014481:United States; D047789:World War II