title: Lamotrigine for acute and chronic pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. Some antiepileptic medicines have a place in the treatment of neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage). This updated review adds five new additional studies looking at evidence for Lamotrigine as an effective treatment for acute and chronic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine in acute and chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of lamotrigine in acute, and chronic pain (including cancer pain) were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL up to January 2011. Additional studies were sought from the reference list of the retrieved papers.
  
  
  METHODS
  RCTs investigating the use of lamotrigine (any dose, by any route, and for any study duration) for the treatment of acute or chronic pain. Assessment of pain intensity or pain relief, or both, using validated scales. Participants were adults aged 18 and over. Only full journal publication articles were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dichotomous data (ideally for the outcome of at least 50% pain relief) were used to calculate relative risk with 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis was undertaken using a fixed-effect model. Numbers needed to treat to benefit (NNTs) were calculated as the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction. For unwanted effects, the NNT becomes the number needed to harm (NNH) and was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve included studies in 11 publications (1511 participants), all with chronic neuropathic pain: central post stroke pain (1), chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain (1), diabetic neuropathy (4), HIV related neuropathy (2), mixed neuropathic pain (2), spinal cord injury related pain (1), and trigeminal neuralgia (1); none investigated lamotrigine in acute pain. The update had five additional studies (1111 additional participants). Participants were aged between 26 and 77 years. Study duration was 2 weeks in one study and at least 6 weeks in the remainder; eight were of eight week duration or longer. There is no convincing evidence that lamotrigine is effective in treating acute or chronic pain at doses of about 200-400 mg daily. Almost 10% of participants taking lamotrigine reported a skin rash.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The additional studies tripled participant numbers providing data for analysis, and new, more stringent criteria for outcomes and analysis were used; conclusions about lamotrigine's lack of efficacy in chronic pain did not change. Given availability of more effective treatments including antiepileptics and antidepressant medicines, lamotrigine does not have a significant place in therapy based on available evidence.
authors.affiliation: UK Cochrane Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Summertown Pavilion, Middle Way, Oxford, UK, OX2 7LG.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wiffen
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derry
authors.forename: R Andrew
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine