title: Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are related to plasma C-reactive protein and adiponectin in middle-aged German women and men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modulation of circulating inflammatory markers and adiponectin may link PUFA to risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated erythrocyte n-6 and n-3 PUFA in relation to plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin, and whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene (PPARG2) modified these associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 1,222 women and 758 men participating in the EPIC-Potsdam study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most notably, in both sexes, higher linoleic acid (LA) was related to lower CRP (geometric mean outcome [mg/L], quintile 1, quintile 5, p for trend ≤ 0.01 unless otherwise stated: 0.95, 0.61 [women], 0.67, 0.51 [men]) and higher adiponectin (7.9, 9.1 [women], 5.3, 6.1 [men]), whereas higher γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) were related to higher CRP (GLA: 0.63, 0.92 [women], 0.55, 0.70, p = 0.08 [men], DGLA: 0.55, 1.07 [women], 0.52, 0.76 [men]) and lower adiponectin (GLA: 8.6, 8.0 [women], 5.8, 5.4, p = 0.08 [men], DGLA: 9.2, 7.9 [women], 5.9, 5.4, p = 0.08 [men]) adjusting for age and lifestyle. The associations mostly did neither strongly nor significantly vary by PPARG2 genotype. In women, Pro12Ala appeared to interact with arachidonic acid on CRP (p = 0.04), as well as with docosatetraenoic acid on CRP (p = 0.08) and adiponectin (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that erythrocyte PUFA, particularly LA and n-6 higher unsaturated fatty acids, are related to circulating CRP and adiponectin. They do not indicate that PUFA strongly interact with the PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant on these risk markers.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enzenbach
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zietemann
authors.forename: Eugène H J M
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Matthias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schulze
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010743:Phospholipids; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid