title: Influence of attitudes on pharmacists' intention to report serious adverse drug events to the Food and Drug Administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of pharmacists' attitudes on intention to report serious adverse drug events (ADEs) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study used a mail survey to collect data from hospital and community pharmacists practicing in Texas, United States. Three and 16 items were used to measure intention and attitudes, respectively, using a seven-point bipolar scale. Pharmacists' demographic and practice characteristics, and past reporting were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 26.4% (n= 377/1500 pharmacists). Most pharmacists intended (n= 297, 78.8%) to report serious ADEs that they will encounter to the FDA through MedWatch. Overall, pharmacists held favourable attitudes towards reporting serious ADEs (mean = 24.5, SD = 6.7, possible range 1-49, neutral = 16). Pharmacists intending to report serious ADEs had more favourable attitudes than those who did not (P < 0.001). About 90% of the pharmacists believed that reporting serious ADEs would improve patient safety. However, 72.6% indicated that reporting serious ADEs was time consuming and over half (55.5%) of the respondents believed that reporting serious ADEs disrupted the normal workflow. Non-intenders held stronger beliefs that ADE reporting would disrupt the normal workflow and was time consuming compared with intenders. Years of experience, number of hours worked and practice setting were associated with pharmacists' attitudes towards reporting (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most pharmacists held moderately favourable attitudes and high intentions toward reporting serious ADEs to the FDA. This study's findings contribute to an increased understanding of individual factors that influence pharmacists' attitude and intention towards reporting serious ADEs to the FDA.
authors.affiliation: Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, VA 24631 College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A190, Austin, TX 78712, USA. pgavaza@gmail.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gavaza
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rascati
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinhardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000592:standards*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004513:Education, Pharmacy, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D060735:Pharmacovigilance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013781:Texas; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000592:standards*