title: Cannabinoid-induced delayed gastric emptying is selectively increased upon intermittent administration in the rat: role of CB1 receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cannabinoids acutely administered depress central, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. These effects might be modified upon repeated administration. Compared to the effects induced by daily administration, those induced by intermittent administration are less known. The effect of intermittent treatment with the CB1/CB2 cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) was studied in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats received saline, vehicle or WIN at 0.5 (low-WIN) or 5 (high-WIN) mg kg(-1) week(-1) for 4 weeks. WIN effects on the central nervous system (cannabinoid tetrad tests), cardiovascular function and gastrointestinal motor function were evaluated after the first and last doses, and, where appropriate, 1 week after the last dose. To determine the involvement of CB1 receptors in the chronic effect of WIN, the CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 (1 mg kg(-1)) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High- (but not low-) WIN induced the four signs of the cannabinoid tetrad, and reduced gastrointestinal motility, but did not alter cardiovascular parameters. Upon chronic intermittent administration, tolerance did not clearly develop to WIN effects. Quite the opposite, depression of gastric emptying was intensified. No effect was long-lasting. Repeated administration of AM251 was more efficacious than single administration to block WIN chronic central effects, but the opposite occurred regarding lower intestinal motility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upon intermittent administration, hypersensitization may develop to some effects (particularly delayed gastric emptying) induced by cannabinoid agonists. CB1 antagonists/inverse agonists may show different efficacy upon repeated or single administration to block cannabinoid-induced central and gastrointestinal effects. Thus, cannabinoid effects are dependent on the pattern of drug administration.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. raquel.abalo@urjc.es
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abalo
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cabezos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: López-Miranda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herradón
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Martín-Fontelles
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002186:Cannabinoids; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C103505:AM 251; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone