title: Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit: a case report.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the orbit. We report on a 72-year-old man with a past history of resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and recurrent HCC, who presented with diplopia and left painful proptosis. Head scans revealed a large and irregular mass in the left orbit that caused destruction of the orbital bone superiorly and posterolaterally. A biopsy specimens of the orbital tumor showed features of metastatic foci of hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor was surgically excised and histological findings revealed moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, resembling hepatocytes with a tendency to form trabeculae. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive reaction against low-molecular-weight keratin and α-fetoprotein. There have been only 12 previous cases of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit cited in the literature. We presented here a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. o_yasuhisa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dowaki
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobita
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor