title: Effects on markers of inflammation and endothelial cell function of three ad libitum diets differing in type and amount of fat and carbohydrate: a 6-month randomised study in obese individuals.
abstract: Diet is important for the prevention of CVD, and diets high in MUFA might be more cardioprotective than low-fat diets. We hypothesise that inflammation and endothelial cell function will be improved most favourably by a high-MUFA diet compared with a low-fat diet. This was tested in a parallel randomised intervention trial on overweight individuals (aged 28·2 (SD 4·6) years) assigned to a diet moderate in the amount of fat (35-45% of energy; >20% of fat as MUFA; MUFA diet, n 39), a low-fat (20-30% of energy) diet (LF diet, n 43) or a control diet (35 % of energy as fat, n 24) for 6 months after weight loss. Protein constituted 10-20 % of energy in all diets. Food was provided free of charge. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. vWF concentrations tended to fall on the LF diet (4·78 (SD 16·44) %; P = 0·07). Concentrations of IL-6 were reduced by the MUFA (0·37 (SD 0·74) pg/ml; P < 0·01) and LF (0·47 (SD 0·69) pg/ml; P < 0·001) diets, and CRP was reduced on all diets (MUFA: 0·48 (SD 1·93) mg/l (P < 0·01); LF: 1·46 (SD 2·89) mg/l (P < 0·001); control: 1·20 (SD 1·97) mg/l (P < 0·01)). No significant differences were observed between changes induced by the different diets. Our findings suggest that in overweight subjects after weight loss, the MUFA and LF diets have similar long-term effects on inflammation and endothelial cell function.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Thrombosis Research, Institute of Public Health, The University of Southern Denmark, c/o Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Denmark, Finsensgade 35, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. ebladbjerg@health.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Else-Marie
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bladbjerg
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Due
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stender
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jespersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats