title: Association among microalbuminuria and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) may be one of the most important factors responsible for the development of oxidative stress, which promotes the main complications in DM patients. Therefore, this study evaluated if the hyperglycemia could be related to oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid profile, and renal function in type 2 diabetes patients without clinic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasmatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum protein carbonyl (PCO), serum creatinine levels, microalbuminuria, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile were analyzed in 37 type 2 diabetic patients and 25 subjects with no diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum creatinine levels were within the reference values, but microalbuminuria presented increased levels in all the patients compared with controls (P < 0.05) and above of the reference values. The MDA, PCO, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels showed positive correlation with microalbuminuria levels. Moreover, glycated hemoglobin presented positive correlation with MDA, PCO, and microalbuminuria levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hyperglycemia could be responsible for the increase of the microalbuminuria levels and for the oxidation process in lipids and proteins in DM patients. Therefore, we suggested that the microvascular lesion is a direct consequence from hyperglycemia and an indirect one from the increased oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels could be suggested as additional biochemical evaluation to verify tissue damage in type 2 DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grotto
authors.forename: Clóvis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paniz
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roehrs
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: Mariele F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Charão
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tonello
authors.forename: Ana Paula L
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Andréia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buffon
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Solange Cristina
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers