title: Perceptions of psychosocial hazards, work-related stress and workplace priority risks in developing countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During the last few decades, major global developments in the world of work include an international trend to shift production to developing countries, with wide variations in working conditions and exposure to traditional and emerging occupational risks, such as psychosocial risks. The latter have rarely been addressed or explored in developing and economically-emerging country contexts while we find an abundant body of research from industrialized countries. The research presented, which is part of a larger study, explored the perception of multi-disciplinary experts from different regions, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the nature of psychosocial hazards, and work-related stress, as well as their views on workplace priorities that require urgent attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 experts from developing countries which were subjected to thematic analysis. A two-tiered Delphi survey was completed by 74 experts in the first round with 53 of these experts completing the survey in the second round.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychosocial hazards and work-related stress were mostly seen as interchangeable in terms of source and effect and all participants perceived them as concern to their workforce. Through the interviews and the Delphi surveys they allude to our contemporary understanding of psychosocial risks. Workplace risks of priority differed by region but primarily work-related stress, injury and accident prevention, and substance abuse and risk behaviors were reported to require urgent attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current lack of awareness and research in the area of psychosocial risks and work-related stress hampers action in developing countries. International experts should support the exchange of information and the development of interventions in workplaces in developing countries with a view to integrating these emerging risks into comprehensive occupational health and safety policy frameworks to make such approaches more effective.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, UK. lwxek1@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kortum
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leka
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D003697:Delphi Technique; D003906:Developing Countries; D005104:Expert Testimony; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016272:Occupational Health; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D017132:Workplace