title: Effect of feeding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) a diet enriched with stearidonic acid from parr to smolt on growth and n-3 long-chain PUFA biosynthesis.
abstract: Vegetable oils (VO) have become the predominant substitute for fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds; however, the resultant lower content of n-3 long-chain ( ≥ C20) PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA) in fish has put their use under scrutiny. The need to investigate new oil sources exists. The present study tested the hypothesis that in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), a high intake of stearidonic acid (SDA) from Echium oil (EO) would result in increased n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis due to a lower requirement for Δ6 desaturase. Comparisons were made with fish fed on diets containing rapeseed oil (RO) and FO in freshwater for 112 d followed by 96 d in seawater. EO fish had higher whole-carcass SDA and eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) in freshwater and prolonged feeding on the EO diet in seawater resulted in higher SDA, ETA, EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) compared with RO fish. Fatty acid mass balance of freshwater fish indicated higher biosynthesis of ETA and EPA in EO fish compared with fish fed on the other diets and a twofold increase in n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis compared with RO fish. In seawater, n-3 biosynthetic activity was low, with higher biosynthesis of ETA in EO fish and appearance of all desaturated and elongated products along the n-3 pathway. SDA-enriched VO are more suitable substitutes than conventional VO from a human consumer perspective due to the resulting higher SDA content, higher total n-3 and improved n-3:n-6 ratio obtained in fish, although both VO were not as effective as FO in maintaining EPA and DHA content in Atlantic salmon.
authors.affiliation: NCMCRS, AMC, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohamed B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Codabaccus
authors.affiliation: NCMCRS, AMC, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bridle
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D036661:Echium; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; C062895:stearidonic acid