title: Analysis of microbial communities developed on the fouling layers of a membrane-coupled anaerobic bioreactor applied to wastewater treatment.
abstract: The structure of the biofouling layers formed on a pilot-scale membrane-coupled upflow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactor (UASB) used to treat urban wastewater was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and electron-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. For comparison, control samples of the membranes were fed either UASB effluent or raw wastewater in a laboratory-scale experiment. Microbial diversity in the fouling materials was analyzed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) combined with sequence analysis of partial 16S rRNA. Significant differences in structure of the Bacteria communities were observed amongst the different fouling layers analyzed in the UASB membranes, particularly following a chemical cleaning step (NaClO), while the Archaea communities retained more similarity in all samples. The main Bacteria populations identified were evolutively close to Firmicutes (42.3%) and Alphaproteobacteria (30.8%), while Archaea were mostly affiliated to the Methanosarcinales and Methanospirillaceae. Sphingomonadaceae-related bacteria and methanogenic Archaea were persistently found as components of biofouling, regardless of chemical cleaning.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Anaerobios, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Kadiya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodelas
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cabirol
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-López
authors.forename: Adalberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noyola
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001483:Base Sequence; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S