title: Mortality by baseline CD4 cell count among HIV patients initiating antiretroviral therapy: evidence from a large cohort in Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluations of CD4 cell count and other prognostic factors on the survival of HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa are extremely limited. Funders have been reticent to recommend earlier initiation of treatment. We aimed to examine the effect of baseline CD4 cell count on mortality using data from HIV patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of patients aged at least 14 years enrolled in 10 clinics across Uganda for which The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) has data.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD4 cell count was stratified into categories (<50, 50-99, 100-149, 150-199, 200-249, 250-299, ≥300 cells/μl) and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the associations between CD4 cell count and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 315 patients were included. 1498 patients died during follow-up (6.7%) and 1433 (6.4%) of patients were lost to follow-up. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) ranged from 53.8 per 1000 patient-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 48.8-58.8] among those with CD4 cell counts of less than 50, to 15.7, (95% CI 12.1-19.3) among those with at least 300 cells/μl. Relative to a baseline CD4 cell count of less than 50 cells/μl, the risk of mortality was 0.75 (95% CI 0.65-0.88), 0.60 (95% CI 0.51-0.70), 0.43 (0.37-0.50), and 0.41 (0.33-0.51) for those with baseline CD4 cell counts of 50-99, 100-149, 150-249, and ≥250 cells/μl, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Earlier initiation of cART is associated with increased survival benefits over deferred treatment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada. edward.mills@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Celestin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bakanda
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Birungi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mwesigwa
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents