title: A 6-month comparison of toothbrushing efficacy between the horizontal Scrub and modified Bass methods in visually impaired students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the horizontal Scrub and modified Bass methods of toothbrushing in visually impaired students for 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty visually impaired students, aged 10-12 years, were recruited to a randomized controlled clinical trial. At baseline, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were assessed, and then subjects were randomly divided into the horizontal Scrub and modified Bass groups. Subjects received verbal and tactile toothbrushing instruction and used their assigned methods twice daily. They were recalled at 1 and 6 months for clinical measurement and reinforce of instruction. Significance of PI and GI over time was compared using the paired t-test and between brushing group at each time point using the t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 6-month period, there were significant reduction from baseline for the mean PI and GI in both groups (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between two methods at each time point (P > 0.05), however.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the horizontal Scrub and modified Bass methods can be effectively reduced plaque index and gingival index in visually impaired students. The efficacy of both methods was not different, however.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. aorapiwan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Apiwan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smutkeeree
authors.forename: Norawan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rojlakkanawong
authors.forename: Veeritta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yimcharoen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010512:Periodontal Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities