title: [Quercetin permeability across blood-brain barrier and its effect on the viability of U251 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the permeability of quercetin across blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its impact on the proliferation and apoptosis of U251 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BBB model was established through culture of primary brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMVEC) and primary astroglia cells (AC), which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and trans epithelial electric resistance (TEER). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine quercetin permeability across BBB. U251 cells were exposed to quercetin. MTT assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and flow cytometry (FCM) were performed to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage and cell cycle distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BBB was constructed successfully. Up to 65.54% of quercetin permeated across the BBB. Quercetin attenuated the proliferation of U251 and induced apoptosis. The FCM revealed that the U251 cells were inhibited at the G2/M point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quercetin can permeate across the BBB effectively, restraining the proliferation of U251 cells and inducing apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Si-chong
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Qi-feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Wen-ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ming-ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ruo-han
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011794:Quercetin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011794:Quercetin