title: Risk factors for auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in NICU infants compared to normal-hearing NICU controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate independent etiologic factors associated with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) in infants who have been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) compared to normal-hearing controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all infants (n = 9) with the ANSD profile admitted to the NICU of Sophia Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2009. Each patient was matched with four normal-hearing controls of the same gender and postconceptional age. The following possible risk factors were studied: birth weight, dysmorphic features, APGAR scores (at 1, 5, and 10 minutes), respiratory distress (IRDS), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, sepsis, meningitis, cerebral bleeding, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, peak total bilirubin level, furosemide, dexamethason, vancomycin, gentamycin, and tobramycin administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine infants met the ANSD criteria in one or both ears. IRDS (P = .02), meningitis (P = .04), and vancomycin administration (P = .009) were significantly increased in infants with ANSD compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In high-risk NICU infants IRDS, meningitis and vancomycin administration are associated with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.coenraad@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coenraad
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goedegebure
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Goudoever
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hoeve
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006313:Hearing Loss, Central / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D009426:Netherlands; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin