title: Female population perception of conventional laparoscopy, transumbilical LESS, and transvaginal NOTES for cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent population survey has shown a preference for transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (U-LESS) compared with natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) for cholecystectomy, assuming similar surgical risk. This study was designed to evaluate the perception and preference of women regarding conventional laparoscopy, U-LESS, and transvaginal NOTES (TV-NOTES) with particular interest to access perception.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous questionnaire on laparoscopic, U-LESS, and TV-NOTES cholecystectomy, without regards to risks or advantages, was given to female medical/paramedical staff (n=100), patients (n=100), and the general population (n=100). Women participants (median age, 35 (range, 16-79) years) were queried about preference, perception of the different accesses, and personal informations. Of the respondents, 54% had children, 79% had stable relationships, and 96% were sexually active (vaginal intercourse).
  
  
  RESULTS
  With similar operative risk, 87% preferred U-LESS, 4% TV-NOTES and 8% laparoscopy. LESS/NOTES choice was influenced by a desire of improved cosmetics (82%) and lower pain (44%). 96% had worries regarding transvaginal access, among them: dyspareunia (68%), decreased sensibility during intercourse (43%), refuse of short-term sexual abstinence (40%), and infertility (23%). Transumbilical access evocated worries in 35%: umbilical pain (19%), postoperative umbilical sensibility (15%), and incisional hernia (11%). Postoperative intercourse abstinence after TV-NOTES evocated worries in 76% (defined as 3 weeks in survey): feel less attractive (40%), less feminine (32%), tension with their intimate (35%), lover non-acceptation (20%), possible abortion of new relationship (26%), and feel less comfortable socially (16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high acceptation rate for U-LESS approach compared with TV-NOTES may be related to fears regarding postoperative sexuality and fertility. The importance of temporary postoperative sexual abstinence (vaginal intercourse) is high and may be difficult to influence. Future research on TV-NOTES should focus on the access risk to be able to scientifically reassure our patients. For now, U-LESS seems to be favor compared with TV-NOTES for cholecystectomy in female patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. pascal.bucher@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostermann
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pugin
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D057240:Patient Preference; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014472:Umbilicus; D014621:Vagina