title: Quantitative 3D profilometry and SEM analysis of the adaptation of root-end filling materials placed under an optical microscope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate by 3D profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Sealer 26 placed in root-end cavities with direct vision or under an optical microscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  The root ends of 52 root filled canine teeth were filled with MTA or Sealer 26 under direct vision or optical microscope (n=13). In each group, eight specimens were analysed by profilometry for measurement of the area and depth of gaps. In the other five specimens, gap area was measured using SEM to verify marginal adaptation and surface characteristic. Data were analysed by parametric (anova and Tukey) and non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assessment of the adaptation of both materials to dentine was not influenced by the mode of visualization, which was confirmed by both profilometry and SEM observations. The voids measured with profilometry for Sealer 26 under direct vision were significantly wider and deeper than those for MTA under direct vision (P<0.05). In SEM, significantly larger gap areas were observed with Sealer 26 (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Root-end cavities filled with MTA had smaller gaps and better marginal adaptation than Sealer 26.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Munhoz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marchesan
authors.forename: D R F
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: S R C
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Y T C
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Silva-Sousa
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sousa-Neto
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001729:Bismuth; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D003481:Cuspid; D003763:Dental Leakage; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D017640:Silicates; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C080620:Sealer 26; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D001729:Bismuth