title: Effects of attachment position and shoulder orientation during calibration on the accuracy of the acromial tracker.
abstract: The acromial tracker is used to measure scapular rotations during dynamic movements. The method has low accuracy in high elevations and is sensitive to its attachment location on the acromion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the attachment position and shoulder orientation during calibration on the tracker accuracy. The tracker was attached to one of three positions: near the anterior edge of the acromion process, just above the acromial angle and the meeting point between the acromion and the scapular spine. The scapula locator was used to track the scapula during bilateral abduction simultaneously. The locator was used to calibrate the tracker at: no abduction, 30°, 60°, 90° and 120° humerothoracic abduction. ANOVA tests compared RMS errors for different attachment positions and calibration angles. The results showed that attaching the device at the meeting point between the acromion and the scapular spine gave the smallest errors and it was best to calibrate the device at 60° for elevations ≤90°, at 120° for elevations >90° and at 90°or 120° for the full range of abduction. The accuracy of the tracker is significantly improved if attached appropriately and calibrated for the range of movement being measured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: A M J
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bull
mesh_terms: D000174:Acromion / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015588:Observer Variation; D011336:Probability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012782:Shoulder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D013696:Temperature