title: Quadruple primary malignancies of liver, bladder, lung and stomach in one patient.
abstract: Multiple primary malignancies are defined as two or more malignancies in an individual without any relationship between the tumors. Because of advances in the early detection, treatment, and supportive care for cancer, the number of cancer survivors has been gradually increasing, and this has led to an increase in the possible occurrence of subsequent malignancies. Recently, there have been reports that smoking is associated with a specific genetic mutation (the tumor suppressor gene TP53), and this genetic predisposition may be related to the development of multiple primary malignancies. Here we present a rare case of quadruple primary malignancies of the liver, bladder, lung and stomach, some of which possibly linked to smoking-related TP53 mutation. Because of its extreme rarity and the clear relationship between multiple primary malignancies and smoking-related TP53 mutation, we report this case along with a review of the relevant literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yhim
authors.forename: Hee Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Na-Ri
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Chang-Yeol
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Ho Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Kee
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*