title: Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN), Orthoss® and Gravitational Platelet Separation--System (GPS®): an effective method of treatment for pathologic fractures of bone cysts in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The different treatment strategies for bone cysts in children are often associated with persistence and high recurrence rates of the lesions. The safety and clinical outcomes of a combined mechanical and biological treatment with elastic intramedullary nailing, artificial bone substitute and autologous platelet rich plasma are evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 02/07 to 01/09 we offered all children with bone cysts the treatment combination of elastic intramedullary nailing (ESIN), artificial bone substitute (Orthoss®) and autologous platelet rich plasma, concentrated by the Gravitational Platelet Separation (GPS®)--System. All patients were reviewed radiologically for one year following the removal of the intramedullary nailing, which was possible because of cyst obliteration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cohort of 12 children (4 girls, 8 boys) was recruited. The mean patient age was 11.4 years (range 7-15 years). The bone defects (ten humeral, two femoral) included eight juvenile and four aneurysmal bone cysts. Five patients suffered from persistent cysts following earlier unsuccessful treatment of humeral bone cyst after pathologic fracture; the other seven presented with acute pathologic fractures. No peri- or postoperative complications occurred. The radiographic findings showed a total resolution of the cysts in ten cases (Capanna Grade 1); in two cases a small residual cyst remained (Capanna Grade 2). The intramedullary nails were removed six to twelve months (mean 7.7) after the operation; in one case, a fourteen year old boy (Capanna Grade 2), required a further application of GPS® and Orthoss® to reach a total resolution of the cyst. At follow-up (20-41 months, mean 31.8 months) all patients showed very good functional results and had returned to sporting activity. No refracture occurred, no further procedure was necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of elastic intramedullary nailing, artificial bone substitute and autologous platelet rich plasma (GPS®) enhances the treatment of bone cysts in children, with no resulting complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany. kaier@medinf.mu-luebeck.de.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000628:therapy*; D001858:Bone Nails; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes