title: Suppressive effects of Amarouciaxanthin A on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through down-regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα mRNA expression.
abstract: Fucoxanthin is converted to fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A in mice. It was previously reported that fucoxanthinol attenuated the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. However, the effects of amarouciaxanthin A on adipocyte differentiation have not been clarified. This study examined the effects of amarouciaxanthin A on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by comparing the effects of fucoxanthinol, isofucoxanthinol, and amarouciaxanthin B. Amarouciaxanthin A significantly decreased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, which was measured as an indicator of adipocyte differentiation. The suppressive effect of amarouciaxanthin A was stronger than that of fucoxanthinol, amarouciaxanthin B, and isofucoxanthinol. The mRNA expressions of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and glucose-transporter 4 (Glut4) in 3T3-L1 cells were markedly down-regulated by amarouciaxanthin A compared to fucoxanthinol. Furthermore, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα),, which are the key adipogenic transcriptional factors, were also decreased by amarouciaxanthin A during adipocyte differentiation. These results show that amarouciaxanthin A, which is a dominant metabolite of fucoxanthin in white adipose tissue, suppressed 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biofunctional Material Chemistry, Division of Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University , Hakkodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Mi-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizushina
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D024341:Xanthophylls; C046849:amarouciaxanthin A; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase