title: [Detection of the parameters for early atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and periodontitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe whether chronic periodontitis (CP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) have synergistic effect on atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with CP from dental clinic were enrolled in this study. According to the latest definition on MS, Twenty-six patients were diagnosed as MS by physicians. The periodontal status including plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth and attachment loss (AL) as well as missing teeth number were recorded by one periodentist. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and prevalence of atherosclerosis plaque of bilateral carotid common arteries and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) were measured by high-frequency color Doppler. Carotid IMT and FMD were chosen to reflect the early vascular change in atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AL in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group [(2.91±1.84) vs. (1.97±1.74) mm, P=0.03],IMT and prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque in carotid common arteries was higher in MS group than that in non-MS group, statistically significant on left side [left: IMT (1.00±0.45) vs. (0.80±0.26) mm, P=0.04, right: IMT (0.87±0.44) vs. (0.78±0.31) mm , P=0.23;left prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque 34.62% vs. 9.09%, P=0.02,right prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque 19.23% vs. 9.09%, P=0.26]. FMD was significantly lower in the MS group than in the control group [(7.67±5.06) vs. (11.82±7.00), P=0.02]. As general condition and CP aggravating (No/mild periodontitis plus non-MS group, Moderate/severe periodontitis plus non-MS group, No/mild periodontitis plus MS group, Moderate/severe periodontitis plus MS group), carotid IMT increasing but not significantly [left: (0.76±0.27) mm, (0.85±0.24) mm, (0.84±0.33) mm, (1.08±0.49) mm correspondingly, P=0.06; right: (0.67±0.18) mm, (0.89± 0.37) mm, (0.78±0.30) mm, (0.92±0.49) mm correspondingly, P=0.08] and FMD decreasing, almost reach the statistical significance [(13.12±6.57)%, (10.43 ±7.43)%, (9.22±5.43)%, (6.98±4.89)% correspondingly, P=0.05]. Multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting factors of gender and smoking, the patient age was significant impact factor on carotid IMT [odds ratio (OR)=0.016, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 to 0.02,P<0.01), after adjusting age, gender, smoking, MS (OR=-3.36, 95%CI-6.61 to-0.10,P=0.04) and severity of CP (OR=-2.67, 95%CI-4.70 to-0.62, P=0.01) were all significant impact factors on FMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CP and MS may have synergistic effect on the progression of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Second Stomatology Clinic, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Da Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ji Rui
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult