title: The cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for HIV-infected patients seen in clinical settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The US Health Resources and Services Administration sponsored a 5-year initiative to test three types of counseling-based interventions to reduce HIV transmission among HIV-infected patients delivered in clinical settings. We assessed the cost and cost-effectiveness of the three types of interventions at 13 sites: primary care provider-based (clinical provider); social worker or peer educator-based (specialist); and a mix of primary care and specialist-based (mixed).
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a cost-effectiveness model to calculate average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and the cost-effectiveness of the 13 sites combined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spending over all 3 years of the demonstration averaged $1004, $3173, and $3430 per client served for clinical provider, specialist, and mixed services, respectively. Unit costs declined with the volume of services provided for all three intervention types. The cost-effectiveness of the clinical provider sites was $107,656 per HIV case averted compared with no intervention. Clinical provider sites were less costly and more effective than the specialist or mixed sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the lifetime cost of HIV/AIDS care and with other effective HIV prevention interventions, the clinical provider-led interventions in this study are cost-effective. In an incremental comparison with clinical provider sites, specialist and mixed intervention sites were not cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Health Strategies International, Oakland, CA 94609, USA. emarseille@comcast.net
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marseille
authors.forename: Starley B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shade
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling / Q000191:economics; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D014481:United States