title: Event-related potential activity in the basal ganglia differentiates rewards from nonrewards: temporospatial principal components analysis and source localization of the feedback negativity.
abstract: Event-related potential studies of reward processing have consistently identified the feedback negativity (FN), an early neural response that differentiates feedback indicating unfavorable versus favorable outcomes. Several important questions remain, however, about the nature of this response. In this study, the FN was recorded in response to monetary gains and losses during a laboratory gambling task, and temporospatial principal components analysis was used to separate the FN from overlapping responses. The FN was identified as a positive deflection at frontocentral recording sites that was enhanced for rewards compared with nonrewards. Furthermore, source localization techniques identified the striatum as a likely neural generator. These data indicate that this apparent FN reflects increased striatal activation in response to favorable outcomes that is reduced or absent for unfavorable outcomes, thereby providing unique information about the timing and nature of basal ganglia activity related to reward processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2500, USA. daniel.foti@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dien
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajcak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012201:Reward