title: Search for appropriate experimental methods to create stable hind-limb ischemia in mouse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stable animal models for refractory peripheral arterial disease are not established. A standardized animal model of hind-limb ischemia is required upon searching effective treatment for this condition. The aim of the study is to verify previously used hind-limb ischemia models to find a standard method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Balb/ca mice six various methods of inducing hind-limb ischemia were applied and two weeks after operation degree of ischemic damage were examined. Six methods include V group, A group, AV group, A-strip group, AV-strip group and Prox-A group (refer the text).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Degree of ischemia was evaluated macroscopically by judging toes, foot, knee, and total hind-limb necrosis. We found that severity of damage was markedly different among different methods. Furthermore the severity of necrosis was not uniform even in the same method group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The A-strip group in which the femoral artery from the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery to the saphenous artery was stripped appears to be suitable as a stable severe ischemia model. The A group in which the femoral artery were cut just below the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery appears to be suitable as a chronic mild ischemia model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan. gotoh-ta@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanabuchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Etsuro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakana
authors.forename: Hidezo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase