title: A morphological study of the vertebral venous plexus and its connections in the Cape dune mole-rat, Bathyergus suillus (Bathyergidae).
abstract: Bathyergus suillus are subterranean rodents found in the Western Cape of South Africa, where they inhabit sandy, humid burrows. Vertebral venous plexuses around the vertebral column have been implicated in aiding the maintenance of a constant central nervous system temperature via its connections with muscles and interscapular brown adipose tissue. The morphology of the vertebral venous plexuses and its connections in B.suillus were investigated. Frozen (n = 10) animals were defrosted; the venous system injected with latex and the vertebral venous plexuses, azygos- and intercostal veins dissected along the dorsal and ventral aspects of the vertebral column. Specimens (n = 4) were used for histological serial cross sections of the thoracic vertebrae. Veins drained from the interscapular brown adipose tissue to the external vertebral venous plexus, via a dorsal vein at the spinous process of T2 which might represent the "vein of Sulzer" described in rats. The intercostal veins cranial to the level of T8 drained directly into the ventral external vertebral venous plexus instead of into the azygos vein as seen in rats. The azygos vein was situated ventrally on the thoracic vertebral bodies in the median plane as opposed to most rodents that have a left sided azygos vein. The internal vertebral venous plexus consisted of two ventrolateraly placed longitudinal veins in the spinal epidural space. Veins from the forelimbs entered the internal vertebral venous plexus directly at the levels of C7 and T1 and have not been described in other rodents. Serial histological sections, revealed no regulatory valves in vessels leading toward the internal vertebral venous plexus, allowing blood to presumably move in both directions within the vertebral venous plexus. The vertebral venous plexus of B. suillus shows similarities to that of the rat but the vessels from the forelimbs draining directly into to the internal vertebral venous plexus and the position of the azygos vein and the intercostal veins draining into the external vertebral venous plexus are notable exceptions.
authors.affiliation: Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. shk@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kotzé
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boonzaier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vorster
authors.forename: P V J M
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Hoogland
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D000818:Animals; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004210:Dissection; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019577:Mole Rats / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013019:South Africa; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology