title: Galanin receptor 3--a potential target for acute pancreatitis therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galanin participates in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). The galanin receptor (GALR) sub-types involved, however, are unclear. We aimed to determine GALRs messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in mouse pancreas, describe their localization, and ascertain if GALR2 and GALR3 are involved in AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Galanin receptor expression in murine whole pancreas, acinar, and islet cells was quantified by polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse-transcribed RNA for mRNA, Western blot analysis for protein and in situ hybridization for GALR localization. Isolated acinar cells were used to determine galanin's effect on amylase secretion. Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by caerulein injections. Mice, with and without AP, were treated with the highly selective GALR2 antagonist M871, or the specific GALR3 antagonist SNAP-37889. Indices of AP were measured at 12 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Murine pancreas expresses mRNA for GALRs. In islets the expression of all GALR are comparable, whereas in acinar cells GALR3 is predominantly expressed. Western blot analysis confirmed that the GALR proteins are expressed by acinar cells. In situ hybridization analysis confirmed that GALR3 mRNA is present in islet and acinar cells, while mRNA for GALR1 and 2 is confined to islets. Galanin did not influence basal and caerulein-stimulated amylase release from acinar cells. M871 treatment reduced some, whereas SNAP-37889 treatment reduced all indices of AP (by 40-80%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Galanin receptor mRNA and protein are expressed in mouse pancreas, with GALR3 mRNA predominating. GALR3 antagonism reduced the severity of AP whereas GALR2 antagonism was less effective. GALR3 is a potential target for treatment of AP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazargan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zotti
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Sukocheva
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peiris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schloithe
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Carati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toouli
authors.forename: G T P
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Saccone
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019004:Galanin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C510288:1-phenyl-3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)-1H-indol-2-one; D007211:Indoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3; D019004:Galanin; D009195:Peroxidase; D000681:Amylases