title: Weight gain measures in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive gestational weight gain have significant implications for the health of both mother and child. Our objective was to detail gestational weight gain in women in relationship to GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected by retrospective reviews of medical records in women who delivered between January and December 2007 at the Laval University Medical Center (Quebec, Canada). The analysis included 294 women (55 GDM and 239 controls) for whom gestational weight gain was calculated by the difference between maternal weight measured at delivery, or at the last prenatal visit (≥37th week), and prepregnancy self-reported weight. Gestational weight gain and rate of weight gain were also calculated for each trimester and until GDM screening. Gestational weight gain was compared to the 2009 recommendations by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Women with GDM were diagnosed and treated according to the Canadian Diabetes Association guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain in the first trimester was significantly higher in GDM patients compared to controls (3.40 ± 0.42 vs. 1.87 ± 0.16 kg, p ≤ 0.01) and was above IOM recommendations, whereas weight gain in the third trimester was significantly lower in GDM patients compared to controls (4.11 ± 0.36 vs. 6.35 ± 0.18 kg, p ≤ 0.0001). Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and first trimester weight gain were both significant and independent predictors of GDM (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.17, and OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.42, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First trimester gestational weight gain may need more clinical attention, as it has been identified as an independent and significant risk factor for GDM independent of traditional risk factors, including preconception obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Morisset
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchernof
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veillette
authors.forename: S John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weisnagel
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robitaille
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015430:Weight Gain; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult