title: Evidence to practice: treatment of anxiety in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  What treatment improves social interactions and reduces reports of anxiety symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a co-occurring anxiety disorder?
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials suggest that cognitive behavior therapy in tandem with direct instruction of social skills using applied behavior analysis intervention components may be effective for treating anxiety in individuals with high functioning ASD. For individuals with ASD, an anxiety disorder, and an intellectual disability, systematic desensitization may be effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention should emphasize teaching social skills. Reinforcers (ie, rewards based upon the client's interests) should be used to encourage participation in therapy. Treatment should incorporate visual aides and family involvement. Intervention components involving abstract concepts, visualization, and discussions of emotions are less useful given difficulties in abstract reasoning and communication inherent to ASD.
authors.affiliation: Texas State University-San Marcos, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El Zein
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delaune
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amidon