title: Effect of whitening toothpastes on tooth staining using two different colour-measuring devices--a 12-week clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of two whitening toothpastes on stain removal, using two different spectrophotometeric devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised, double-blind clinical trial, 150 participants with tooth discolouration were assigned to use one of three toothpastes containing: hydroxyapatite, calcium peroxide and no active ingredient (placebo). They were examined at baseline and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two methods of colour measurement were used: Vita Easyshade (Vita 3D-master scale) and Degudent Shadepilot (Classical Vitashade scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant improvement was observed after using the two spectrophotometeric methods. However, a subjective lighter tooth colour and less staining were perceived by the participants in all three groups (not significant). Moreover, there was a significant improvement in the gingival and plaque index in all three groups after the 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite or calcium peroxide did not produce any reduction in tooth staining compared with a placebo fluoride toothpaste.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raoufi
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color / Q000592:standards; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010545:Peroxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D014100:Toothpastes; C403632:calcium peroxide; D017886:Durapatite