title: Effect of Yerbimat herbicide on lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, and histological damage in gills and liver of the freshwater fish Goodea atripinnis.
abstract: The use of herbicides for agricultural and aquatic weed control has increased worldwide. These substances are potentially toxic pollutants because they induce the production of reactive oxygen species for biological systems and exert oxidative stress in nontarget organisms living in the treated aquatic systems. Recent evidence suggests differences in the toxicity of glyphosate in the form of an active ingredient compared to the toxicity of glyphosate in combination with surfactants, such as those found in commercial formulations. In Mexico, one of the most widely used glyphosate-based herbicides is Yerbimat, which has agricultural as well as aquatic weed control applications. However, there are no aquatic toxicity data, particularly regarding native fish. Therefore, we determined the acute toxicity of commercial-formulation Yerbimat in a static bioassay at 96 h (LC(50)). We also determined its toxicity at 96 h in sublethal concentrations to assess the lipid peroxidation levels (LPX), catalase activity, hepatic glycogen content, and histological damage in the liver and gills of the fish Goodea atripinnis associated with chronic exposure (75 days). The LC(50) was 38.95 ± 0.33 mg/L. The results of the short-term exposure study indicate that Yerbimat can potentially induce oxidative stress in G. atripinnis, because LPX was increased in the gills and liver. Catalase activity was reduced in the gills but increased in the liver, whereas hepatic glycogen was depleted. Chronic exposure was associated with histopathological damage in the gills and liver, some of which was irreversible. Yerbimat represents a potential risk for aquatic biota; therefore, we recommend that its application be carefully considered.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Histología, Departamento de Morfología, ENCB, IPN, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Santo Tomás, Mexico, DF 11340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Ordoñez
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uría-Galicia
authors.forename: Ricardo Arturo
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Picos
authors.forename: Angela Georgina Sánchez
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Yoseline Hernández
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Trejo
authors.forename: Jacinto Elías
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sedeño-Díaz
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-López
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008800:Mexico; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D023701:Smegmamorpha; D013048:Specimen Handling; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D002374:Catalase; D005998:Glycine; D006003:Glycogen; D006540:Herbicides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate