title: Effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on physical function, bone mineral density, OPG and RANKL in older women.
abstract: This study compared the effects of a resistance training protocol and a moderate-impact aerobic training protocol on bone mineral density (BMD), physical ability, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels. Seventy-one older women were randomly assigned to resistance exercise (RE), aerobic exercise (AE) or a control group (CON). Both interventions were conducted 3 times per week for 8 months. Outcome measures included proximal femur BMD, muscle strength, balance, body composition, serum OPG, and RANKL levels. Potential confounding variables included dietary intake, accelerometer-based physical activity (PA), and molecularly defined lactase nonpersistence. After 8 months, only RE group exhibited increases in BMD at the trochanter (2.9%) and total hip (1.5%), and improved body composition. Both RE and AE groups improved balance. No significant changes were observed in OPG and RANKL levels, and OPG/RANKL ratio. Lactase nonpersistence was not associated with BMD changes. No group differences were observed in baseline values or change in dietary intakes and daily PA. Data suggest that 8 months of RE may be more effective than AE for inducing favourable changes in BMD and muscle strength, whilst both interventions demonstrate to protect against the functional balance control that is strongly related to fall risk.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal. elisaamarques@msn.com
authors.forename: Elisa A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wanderley
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: João L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moreira-Gonçalves
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D004856:Postural Balance; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D055070:Resistance Training
chemical_list: D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human