title: Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale: implementation in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is a well recognized and validated triage system that prioritizes patient care by severity of illness. The aim of this study was to describe the results of Emergency Department (ED) waiting times after the implementation of the CTAS in a major tertiary care hospital emergency department outside of Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1206 charts were randomly selected and retrospectively reviewed for triage performance. The indicators were: time to triage, triage duration, waiting time to be evaluated by a physician, and proportion of patients who left without being seen by a physician. Waiting times were stratified by triage level and reported as fractile response rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The approximate time to triage was ≤ 10 minutes for 71% and ≤ 15 minutes for 82.8% of the patients. Fifty-three percent (53.5%) completed their triage process within 5 minutes. Waiting times evaluated by a physician was 100% within CTAS time objectives in category I patients, however, this was not the case for the other 4 categories. The overall left without being seen (LWBS) rate was 9.8%; 11.9% were in Level III, 20.3% in Level IV, and 67.8% in Level V. Median length of stay (LOS) was 144 minutes for the study sample as a whole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CTAS may be adapted, with achievable objectives, in hospitals outside Canada as well. Time to see physician, total LOS, and LWBS are effective markers of ED performance and the quality of triage. Registration-to-physician time (RTP) and LOS profiles, stratified by triage level, are essential indicative markers for ED performance and should be used in improving patients flow through collaborative efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, PO Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait. nelkum@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Naser B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Elkum
authors.forename: CarolAnne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Omran
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013995:Time; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*