title: Urinary levels of TGF β-1 and of cytokines in patients with prenatally detected nephrouropathies.
abstract: This study aimed to identify noninvasive biomarkers of clinically significant nephrouropathies in patients with antenatal renal and/or urinary tract alterations. Spot-urine levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in 100 patients with antenatal detected nephrouropathies. Patients were divided in idiopathic hydronephrosis (n = 47), urinary tract malformations (n  = 35), and dysplastic kidneys (n = 18). Urinary concentrations of TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α were compared between groups according to clinical and image findings. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed for the overall diagnostic accuracy of TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in discriminating infants with nephrouropathies. No significant differences in urinary TGF- β1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were found in the comparison between the groups. TGF-β1 levels tended to be higher in patients with renal hypodysplasia compared to idiopathic hydronephrosis (p = 0.07). Twenty-nine patients had reduced DMSA uptake. In these cases, absolute urinary concentration of TGF-β1 and levels standardized for creatinine were significantly higher than in patients with normal DMSA uptake, while IL6 and TNF-α did not differ between groups. Urinary cytokine measurements were not useful as a screening test for clinically significant nephrouropathies. Conversely, increased concentrations of TGF-β1 pointed out to renal damage as indicated by reduced DMSA uptake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Maria Candida F
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bouzada
authors.forename: Katia D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Leticia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Fabiana F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Juliana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Flavia F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Mauro M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Simões
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: E Silva
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000652:urine*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1