title: At the frontiers of surgery: review.
abstract: The complete surgical removal of disease is a desirable outcome particularly in oncology. Unfortunately much disease is microscopic and difficult to detect causing a liability to recurrence and worsened overall prognosis with attendant costs in terms of morbidity and mortality. It is hoped that by advances in optical diagnostic technology we could better define our surgical margin and so increase the rate of truly negative margins on the one hand and on the other hand to take out only the necessary amount of tissue and leave more unaffected non-diseased areas so preserving function of vital structures. The task has not been easy but progress is being made as exemplified by the presentations at the 2nd Scientific Meeting of the Head and Neck Optical Diagnostics Society (HNODS) in San Francisco in January 2010. We review the salient advances in the field and propose further directions of investigation.
authors.affiliation: The Head and Neck Optical Diagnostics Society Council, Head & Neck Centre, University College Hospital, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK.
authors.forename: Tahwinder
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Upile
authors.forename: Waseem K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jerjes
authors.forename: Henricus J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sterenborg
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Adel K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: Justus F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ilgner
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandison
authors.forename: Max J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.forename: Merrill A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Biel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hamdoon
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gillenwater
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mosse
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolotine
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudhoff
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: MacRobert
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leunig
authors.forename: Malini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richards-Kortum
authors.forename: Khee C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.forename: Vanderlei
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.forename: Lin-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Choo-Smith
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svanberg
authors.forename: I Bing
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolfsen
authors.forename: Irving
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bigio
authors.forename: Arjun G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Yodh
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopper
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D013502:General Surgery / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D006257:Head / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data