title: Use of sodium stearoyl lactylate and azodicarbonamide in wheat flour breads with added pea flour.
abstract: Different amounts of sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) (X(1)) and azodicarbonamide (ADA) (X(2)) were analyzed to measure their effect on breadmaking using wheat flour with incorporation of pea flour (Pisum sativum) to the dough. The objective of the present work was to optimize the physical properties of dough (Y(1)Y(2)Y(3)Y(4)), the dough consistency during mixing (Y(5)Y(6)) and the baking performance (Y(7)Y(8)Y(9)). A central composite design and second-order models for Y(i) were employed. For dough physical properties and dough consistency during mixing, the best response was found when SSL varied between 0.5 and 1.5% and ADA between 110 and 170 ppm. For responses concerning the baking performance, better values for specific volume, crumb texture scores and bread score were obtained using SSL between 0.9 and 1.4% and ADA between 50 and 80 ppm. It is concluded that for baking with wheat flour replaced at about 10% with inactivated pea flour it should be advised to use SSL at levels close to 1% with ADA between 50 and 80 ppm.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alasino
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Osella
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De La Torre
authors.forename: Hugo D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D013228:Stearates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D013228:Stearates; C004525:azodicarbonamide; C031568:stearoyl-2-lactylic acid; D012964:Sodium