title: Shade guide optimization--a novel shade arrangement principle for both ceramic and composite shade guides when identifying composite test objects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most widely used shade guide for composite materials is made of ceramic and arranged according to a non-proven method. There is a need for a composite shade guide using a scientifically based arrangement principle.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the shade tab arrangement of the Vitapan Classical shade guide and an individually made composite shade guide using both the originally proposed arrangement principle and arranged according to ΔE2000 values with hue group division.
  
  
  METHODS
  An individual composite shade guide made from Filtek Supreme XT body colors was compared to the Vitapan Classical shade guide. Twenty-five students matched color samples made from Filtek Supreme XT body colors using the two shade guides arranged after the two proposed principles--four shade guides in total. Age, sequence, gender, time, and number of correct matches were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed visually optimal composite shade guide was both fastest and had the highest number of correct matches. Gender was significantly associated with time used for color sampling but not regarding the number of correct shade matches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A composite shade guide is superior compared to the ceramic Vitapan Classical guide when using composite test objects. A rearrangement of the shade guide according to hue, subdivided according to ΔE2000, significantly reduces the time needed to take a color sample and increases the number of correct shade matches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total color difference in relation to the lightest tab with hue group division is recommended as a possible and universally applicable mode of tab arrangement in dental color standards. Moreover, a shade guide made of the composite materials itself is to be preferred as both a faster and more accurate method of determining color.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark. niels@composite-cosmetics.com
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Østervemb
authors.forename: Jette Nedergaard
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Preben
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hørsted-Bindslev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013335:Students, Dental; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C474035:Filtek Supreme; D003776:Dental Porcelain