title: Validation of an endobronchial ultrasound simulator: differentiating operator skill level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a revolutionary diagnostic procedure. There is currently no accepted method of assessing EBUS technical skill or competency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to validate a computer EBUS simulator in differentiating between operators of varying clinical EBUS experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample (n = 22) of bronchoscopists was separated into four cohorts based on previous bronchoscopy experience: group A = novice bronchoscopists, no EBUS experience (n = 4), group B = expert bronchoscopists, no EBUS experience (n = 5), group C = basic clinical EBUS training (n = 9), group D = EBUS experts (n = 4). After a standardized introduction session on the EBUS simulator, participants performed 2 simulated cases on an EBUS simulator with performance metrics measured by the simulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between groups were noted for total procedure time, percentage of lymph nodes identified and percentage of successful biopsies (p < 0.05, ANOVA). Group D performed significantly better than all other groups for total procedure time and percentage of lymph nodes identified (p < 0.05). Group C performed significantly better than groups A and B for total procedure time, percentage of lymph nodes identified and percentage of successful biopsies (p < 0.05, ANOVA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An EBUS simulator can accurately discriminate between operators with different levels of clinical EBUS experience. EBUS simulators show promise as a tool for assessing training and evaluating competency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stather
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maceachern
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rimmer
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hergott
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001980:Bronchi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000193:education; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged