title: Urinary CD14 as a potential biomarker for benign prostatic hyperplasia - discovery by combining MALDI-TOF-based biostatistics and ESI-MS/MS-based stable-isotope labeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quest for specific urinary biomarkers for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteomics studies were conducted with urines of the training set to discovering marker candidates that could differentiate BPH from normal subjects by matching results deduced from MALDI-TOF of individual samples and results deduced from nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS-based stable isotope dimethyl labeling of two pooled samples (BPH and normal). Samples were digested before analysis and such an approach takes into account the subject-to-subject variation and differential amount, as well as protein identification. Selected markers were validated by ELISA conducted on the training set and the test set as well as another set of urines collected from prostate cancer patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine marker candidates were identified from proteomics studies; CD14, prostate-specific antigen and pancreatic α-amylase precursor were further selected for ELISA validation. Urinary CD14 is among the best match with high specificity (>81%) for both training and test sets. In addition, from the study of prostate cancer patients, CD14 also allows the distinction of BPH from cancer with high specificity (84-100%) when combined with urinary prostate-specific antigen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary CD14 is suggested to have a high specificity in the diagnosis of BPH in distinction from normal as well as cancer subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hung-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bing-Yuan
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Nan-Haw
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Yen-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tzong-Shin
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tzai
authors.forename: Chin-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055292:Pancreatic alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000652:urine; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D040901:Proteomics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D055292:Pancreatic alpha-Amylases; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen