title: Sex steroids and bone health in older Chinese men.
abstract: This study examines the association between sex steroids, bone mineral density (BMD), and incident fractures in 1,489 community-living Chinese men aged 65 and over. Chinese men with low serum estradiol levels display elevated bone loss and increased risk of fractures similar to findings in Caucasians.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study examines the association between serum total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (free T), estradiol (E(2)), bioavailable estradiol (bioE(2)), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), BMD, and incident fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cohort study with 4-year follow-up in the community in Hong Kong SAR, China. One thousand four hundred eighty-nine community-living Chinese men aged 65 and over participated. Sex steroid levels and BMD were measured at baseline; BMD was repeated after 4 years of follow-up, and fracture incidence from ascertainment from hospital databases was determined over 4 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strongest age-adjusted positive association with total hip and femoral neck BMD was with bioE(2), followed by E(2). Greater bone loss occurred in the lowest quartile of E(2) and bioE(2). The lowest quartile of free T and bioE(2) and the two highest quartile of SHBG were associated with the highest percentage of participants with incident fractures. Those in the lowest quartile of E(2) and bioE(2) had approximately a 50% increased risk of incident fractures compared with the other three quartiles. This relationship remains significant for nonvertebral incident fractures (hip, radius, pelvis, and humerus) for E(2) only, but not bioE(2). Compared with the group with the three highest quartiles of TT and E(2), the group with the lowest quartile of both had approximately twice the risk of nonvertebral osteoporosis-related incident fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese men with low serum estradiol levels display elevated bone loss and increased risk of fractures similar to findings in Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. jeanwoowong@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: J C S
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vandenput
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000502:physiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol