title: Motor and sensory conduction failure in overlap of Guillain-Barré and Miller Fisher syndrome: two simultaneous cases.
abstract: We report 2 patients diagnosed simultaneously with an overlap of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), who had anti-GT1a, anti-GQ1b, anti-GD1a and anti-GD1b antibodies. There was no identifiable specific preceding infection. Both patients presented with upper and lower limb paresthesias and severe weakness, bulbar and facial weakness, ophthalmoparesis and areflexia. In one, electrophysiology demonstrated multifocal conduction blocks (CBs) and mild motor conduction velocity slowing in intermediate segments and absent sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs). The patient improved rapidly and fully recovered within 18 days from onset. CBs resolved, distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes increased and SNAPs normalized on subsequent testing. In the other patient, initial studies showed low/normal CMAPs, with absent SNAPs, without demyelinating features. This patient fully recovered within 21 days from onset. CMAPs markedly increased, SNAPs improved marginally. These 2 patients exhibited features indicative of the pathophysiological mechanism of conduction failure in motor and sensory fibers. This phenomenon relates to rapidly resolving CBs possibly induced by the transitory and limited attack of antiganglioside antibodies at the axolemma of the nodes of Ranvier not progressing to axonal degeneration. These cases widen the range of GBS subtypes in which reversible conduction failure has been described, to include overlap syndromes with MFS. The factors determining the electrophysiology, as well as the rate, degree and quality of recovery in GBS subtypes remain uncertain at the present time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK. yusuf.rajabally@uhl-tr.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Yusuf A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Rajabally
authors.forename: Ghaniah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassan-Smith
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Notturno
authors.forename: Penelope J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Eames
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayton
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uncini
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019846:Miller Fisher Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005732:Gangliosides