title: Active components from Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) for protection of amyloid β(25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy in cultured rat cortical neurons.
abstract: Not only neuronal death but also neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss underlie the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as direct causes of the memory deficit. Extracts of Siberian ginseng (the rhizome of Eleutherococcus senticosus) were shown to have protective effects on the regeneration of neurites and the reconstruction of synapses in rat cultured cortical neurons damaged by amyloid β (Aβ)(25-35), and eleutheroside B was one of the active constituents. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of constituents was conducted to explore active components from Siberian ginseng which can protect against neuritic atrophy induced by Aβ(25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions from the methanol extract of Siberian ginseng showed protective effects against Aβ-induced neuritic atrophy. Twelve compounds were isolated from the active fractions and identified. Among them, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin showed obvious protective effects against Aβ(25-35)-induced atrophies of axons and dendrites at 1 and 10 μM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yanjing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tohda
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Katsuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects; D028001:Eleutherococcus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D003374:Coumarins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005960:Glucosides; D017705:Lignans; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012855:Sitosterols; C008182:isofraxidin; C093382:isovanillin; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; C421885:eleutheroside E; D013265:Stigmasterol; C017364:hexacosanoic acid; C028305:syringin