title: Pharmacological evaluation of Copaifera multijuga oil in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Copaiba oil is an oleoresin made up of resin acids and volatile compounds, and it is obtained by tapping the trunks of trees that are members of the Copaifera L. (Leguminoseae) genus and are found in tropical parts of Latin America.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study analyzed the chemical composition of Copaifera multijuga Hayne oil and conducted preclinical trials to investigate anti-inflammatory effects and any action it may have on the central nervous system (CNS) of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chemical analysis was carried out using gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by leucocytes mobilization, by chemotaxis assay in Boyden's chamber, and by pleurisy model in rats. CNS effect was determined by plus maze and open-field assays. The statistical test applied was analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test or ANOVA followed by Duncan's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oil was composed of sesquiterpenes with the predominance of β-caryophyllene (36.0%), followed by α-copaene (18.8%), β-bisabolene (8.5%), and α-trans-bergamotene (7.0%). Data demonstrated that at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses and at a concentration of 200 μl/ml copaiba essential oil presented anti-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro based on reduced leukocyte migration to the rats' pleural cavity and to the chemotactic agent lipopolysaccharide solution, respectively. During the experiments investigating CNS effects, locomotive and exploratory activities were reduced and the animals' anxiety increased at 100 and 200 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained suggest that copaiba oil has an interesting anti-inflammatory effect and important effect on the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Feevale, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, CEP 93352-000 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tiago Oselame
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Fontanive
authors.forename: Barbara Grade
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Enzweiler
authors.forename: Laura Renata
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: de Bona
authors.forename: Thalita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Massoni
authors.forename: Miriam Anders
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Apel
authors.forename: Amélia Teresinha
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Marc François
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ardenghi
authors.forename: Edna Sayuri
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Suyenaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D007887:Fabaceae; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils