title: Fatty acid-related phylogeny of myxobacteria as an approach to discover polyunsaturated omega-3/6 Fatty acids.
abstract: In an analysis of 47 aerobic myxobacterial strains, representing 19 genera in suborders Cystobacterineae, Nannocystineae, Sorangiineae, and a novel isolate, "Aetherobacter" SBSr008, an enormously diverse array of fatty acids (FAs) was found. The distribution of straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) supports the reported clustering of strains in the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA genes. This finding additionally allows the prediction and assignment of the novel isolate SBSr008 into its corresponding taxon. Sorangiineae predominantly contains larger amounts of SCFA (57 to 84%) than BCFA. On the other hand, Cystobacterineae exhibit significant BCFA content (53 to 90%), with the exception of the genus Stigmatella. In Nannocystineae, the ratio of BCFA and SCFA seems dependent on the taxonomic clade. Myxobacteria could also be identified and classified by using their specific and predominant FAs as biomarkers. Nannocystineae is remarkably unique among the suborders for its absence of hydroxy FAs. After the identification of arachidonic (AA) FA in Phaselicystidaceae, eight additional polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) belonging to the omega-6 and omega-3 families were discovered. Here we present a comprehensive report of FAs found in aerobic myxobacteria. Gliding bacteria belonging to Flexibacter and Herpetosiphon were chosen for comparative analysis to determine their FA profiles in relation to the myxobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pistorius
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009231:Myxococcales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S