title: Health outcomes among infants born to women deployed to United States military operations during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Military professionals who deploy to combat operations may encounter hazards that could adversely affect reproductive health. Pregnant women are generally exempt from deployment to military operations; however, exposures to such environments may inadvertently occur. We investigated whether maternal deployment during pregnancy was associated with adverse health outcomes in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The United States Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry identified infants born to military service women between 2002 and 2005, and defined their health outcomes at birth and in the first year of life. Multivariable modeling was applied to investigate preterm birth and birth defects among infants, based on maternal deployment experience during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 63,056 infants born to military women from 2002 to 2005, 22,596 were born to women with deployment experience in support of the current military operations before, during, or after their pregnancy. These included 2941 infants born to women who appeared to have been deployed some time during their first trimester of pregnancy. Compared to infants born to women who deployed at other times, or never deployed, exposed infants were not more likely to be born preterm, diagnosed with a major birth defect, or diagnosed with a malignancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this exploratory analysis, infants born to women who inadvertently deployed to military operations during their pregnancy were not at increased risk of adverse birth or infant health outcomes. Future analyses should examine outcomes related to specific maternal exposures during deployment, and outcomes among the growing number of infants conceived after deployment.
authors.affiliation: United States Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055, USA. margaret.ryan@med.navy
authors.forename: Margaret A K
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Isabel G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Carter J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sevick
authors.forename: Tyler C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Gia R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gumbs
authors.forename: Ava Marie S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Conlin
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States; D059030:United States Department of Defense