title: Neurosyphilis masquerading as hemiparesis and Jacksonian epilepsy in an HIV positive patient: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurosyphilis is a common but often missed disease worldwide, mainly because it has many manifestations making its diagnosis difficult. It is often missed among HIV patients as the search for other co-infections such as toxoplasmosis often overshadows its consideration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe one of our cases of neurosyphilis in HIV, raise awareness about the reality of neurosyphilis in Africa and share our experiences in diagnosis and management of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40 year old, HIV positive female was admitted with a 2 month history of left sided facial and limb weakness followed by delirium, aphasia and Jacksonian epilepsy. She underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On examination she had a maculo-papular rash and left sided paresis. Rapid Plasma Reagin(RPR) was reactive(titre 1:16). Treponema Pallidum Haemoaggluttination Assay(TPHA) was also reactive. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed: protein 56 mg per dl, glucose 71 mg per dl, cells 14 per high power field (predominantly lymphocytes). The VDRL on the CSF was positive. The CD4 cell count was 320 per ml. She was treated with intravenous penicillin G, 4 mega-units 6 hourly for 14 days, with a very good response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurosyphilis still occurs in Uganda. It should be considered in all patients with neurological/ophthalmic illness, including those with HIV. Most cases respond well to intravenous penicillin G.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. kyebsteve@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kyebambe
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D009494:Neurosyphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010291:Paresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis; D013588:Syphilis Serodiagnosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004318:Doxycycline; D010400:Penicillin G