title: Vaginal calculus following severe form of female genital mutilation: a case report.
abstract: We present a case of vaginal calculus formation following an initial insult of female genital mutilation (FGM) and crocodile bite to the external genital. A literature review made with regards to acute and late complication of female genital mutilation. Female genital cutting existed as early as the 5th century B.C. This ritualistic practice has affected the physical, mental, and social well being of women and undermined the basic reproductive and sexual health rights of the female population. Worldwide, 85-114 million girls and young women are subjected to this dreadful practice. It is mostly practiced in Africa and Middle East. Various authors classify female genital cutting differently. The World Health Organization classifies FGM in to FOUR types. Female genital mutilation is associated with immediate, intermediate and long-term complications (1-4). The complications are strongly related to the variant of the mutilation, especially of the third and the fourth types where introcision or vaginal scraping is performed. Vaginal calculus formation is a rare phenomenon. Our patient had a total obliteration of the introitus, vaginal calculus formation and urethra-vaginal fistula, which were surgically managed and corrected
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Lukman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: Sheferaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles; D000818:Animals; D002137:Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014567:Urography; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014624:Vaginal Fistula