title: CLIC1 protein: a candidate prognostic biomarker for malignant-transformed hydatidiform moles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic biomarkers indicating malignant transformation of hydatidiform moles (HMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic approach was used to compare the protein profiles of complete benign moles (3 samples) with those of malignant-transformed moles (3 samples). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed proteins. Western blot was used to verify the results of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and immunohistology was used to explore the function of these proteins in gestational trophoblastic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen proteins, deregulated in the malignant-transformed group compared with the benign group (ratio ≥ 2; P < 0.05), were identified. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that most of these 18 proteins were involved in the processes of cell proliferation and cell survival. Among the 18 proteins, chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) was chosen for further study. Our results showed that the levels of CLIC1 expression in choriocarcinoma tissue were higher than in complete HM tissue (P < 0.01). Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 expression was increased in the tissues of malignant-transformed HMs compared with nontransformed HMs (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that CLIC1 could be a potential new prognostic biomarker for hydatidiform mole that undergoes malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. jesse_1982@163.com
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000032:analysis*; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002820:Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C501966:CLIC1 protein, human; D018118:Chloride Channels