title: Associations between dairy consumption and body weight: a review of the evidence and underlying mechanisms.
abstract: As the incidence of obesity is reaching 'epidemic' proportions, there is currently widespread interest in the impact of dietary components on body-weight and food intake regulation. The majority of data available from both epidemiological and intervention studies provide evidence of a negative but modest association between milk and dairy product consumption and BMI and other measures of adiposity, with indications that higher intakes result in increased weight loss and lean tissue maintenance during energy restriction. The purported physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of dairy constituents on adiposity are incompletely understood but may include effects on lipolysis, lipogeneis and fatty acid absorption. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates an impact of dairy constituents, in particular whey protein derivatives, on appetite regulation and food intake. The present review summarises available data and provides an insight into the likely contribution of dairy foods to strategies aimed at appetite regulation, weight loss or the prevention of weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Sciences Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
authors.forename: Anestis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dougkas
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Sciences Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Givens
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Elwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Minihane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001823:Body Composition; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015431:Weight Loss