title: New detection systems of bacteria using highly selective media designed by SMART: selective medium-design algorithm restricted by two constraints.
abstract: Culturing is an indispensable technique in microbiological research, and culturing with selective media has played a crucial role in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and the isolation of commercially useful microorganisms from environmental samples. Although numerous selective media have been developed in empirical studies, unintended microorganisms often grow on such media probably due to the enormous numbers of microorganisms in the environment. Here, we present a novel strategy for designing highly selective media based on two selective agents, a carbon source and antimicrobials. We named our strategy SMART for highly Selective Medium-design Algorithm Restricted by Two constraints. To test whether the SMART method is applicable to a wide range of microorganisms, we developed selective media for Burkholderia glumae, Acidovorax avenae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris. The series of media developed by SMART specifically allowed growth of the targeted bacteria. Because these selective media exhibited high specificity for growth of the target bacteria compared to established selective media, we applied three notable detection technologies: paper-based, flow cytometry-based, and color change-based detection systems for target bacteria species. SMART facilitates not only the development of novel techniques for detecting specific bacteria, but also our understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the targeted bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Kensaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maejima
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakizawa
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Kenro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Shigetou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namba
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D002244:Carbon