title: [The embolisation of venous malformations].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of congenital, vascular malformations is a challenge for physicians and patients. Although different therapeutic options have been described to date, their individual relevance has still to be defined. Â METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 61 patients with a venous malformation (VM, mean age 22  years), who were referred to our depart-ment during the last 5 years. The size of the VM was larger than 5  cm in 41 patients (66 %). The lower extremities were involved in 45  cases (73 %). The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent swelling (80 %), pain (63 %), varicosis (60 %) and thrombophlebitis (39 %). MR angiography with venous sequences was always performed before treatment. Depending on the localisation and the extension of the VM, different techniques of embolisation were selected: foam sclerotherapy or application of synthetic glue by direct punction, coiling of pelvic veins or arterial embolisation with glue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  42  patients (69 %) underwent a procedure because of the complaints or the extension of the VM. An embolisation was performed in 25  patients with 65  interventional sessions. The most frequent technique was foam sclerotherapy (45 ×), followed by glue injection (13 ×), pelvic -venous coiling (6 ×) and arterial embolisation with glue (1 ×). Fifteen patients (60 %) reported a very good and 8  patients a marked improvement (32 %). In two cases there was no change of the complaints. The postinterventional complications were severe pain (n = 3) and skin/fat necrosis at the toe of one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The embolisation of venous malformations is an effective therapeutic tool. Different techniques can be used to address specific localisations and morphological patterns. The com-plication rate is very low when a step-by-step -approach is used, so that a repeat intervention is feasible. However, a more specific documentation of the post-interventional changes of the VM is needed before a general recommendation can be given.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Bremen, Deutschland. letterio.barbera@klinikum-bremen-mitte.de
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult