title: Effects of dietary soy intake on maternal thyroid functions and serum anti-thyroperoxidase antibody level during early pregnancy.
abstract: Soy and its isoflavones have been suggested to suppress thyroperoxidase (TPO), induce goiter, inhibit deiodinase, and modulate immune functions. This study initially investigated the effects of dietary soy consumption on maternal thyroid functions and anti-TPO antibody (TPOAb) production during early pregnancy. Data were collected through questionnaire from 505 women enrolled during early pregnancy by random sampling in Shenyang, China. Based on soy intake frequency, the subjects were divided into three groups (frequent [three or more times per week], conventional [more than twice per month but less than three times per week], and occasional [two or fewer times per month]). Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT(4)), and TPOAb were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Additionally, the concentrations of two primary isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) and creatinine were assessed in the spot urine samples from representative subjects (about 20%) randomly selected from the three groups. The percentages of frequent, conventional, and occasional consumers were 18.6%, 62.6%, and 18.8%, respectively. No difference was found in age, medical records, family history of thyroid diseases, serum FT(4), TSH, and TPOAb levels, TPOAb-positive percentages, or prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions among the groups. Both urinary daidzein and genistein levels were significantly higher in the frequent consumers compared with the other two groups. No correlations were found between urinary isoflavone levels and serum FT(4) or TSH. Urinary isoflavone levels were not significantly different between TPOAb-positive and -negative women among the randomly selected representative subjects. On the whole, our findings suggest dietary soy consumption during early pregnancy is not associated with the development of thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chenyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chenling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Zhongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019833:Genistein / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D007529:Isoflavones; C004742:daidzein; D013972:Thyrotropin; D003404:Creatinine; D019833:Genistein; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine