title: AMID mediates adenosine-induced caspase-independent HuH-7 cell apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism underlying extracellular adenosine-induced caspase-independent apoptosis in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells is not fully understood. The present study investigated the role for apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death (AMID) in the pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  To see the implication of AMID in adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell apoptosis, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescent cytochemistry, time-laps GFP monitoring, cell cycle analysis, flow cytometry, Western blotting, cell viability assay, and TUNEL staining were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenosine upregulated AMID expression in HuH-7 cells, and translocated AMID from the cytosol into the nucleus. Adenosine induced HuH-7 cell apoptosis, and the effect was further enhanced by overexpressing AMID. Adenosine-induced HuH-7 cell apoptosis, alternatively, was inhibited by knocking-down AMID.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study provide evidence for AMID as a critical factor for adenosine-induced caspase-independent HuH-7 cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Chine.
authors.forename: Dongqin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: Sinisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dovat
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C462504:ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, human; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020169:Caspases; D000241:Adenosine