title: Management of maxillofacial wounds sustained by British service personnel in Afghanistan.
abstract: UK service personnel sustaining maxillofacial wounds in Afghanistan are stabilised in a field hospital prior to evacuation for definitive treatment at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (RCDM). Descriptive injury data were gathered from the Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009 and matched to hospital clinical records. The mean Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) scores in service personnel sustaining maxillofacial wounds alone were compared with those with injuries to all body areas. Maxillofacial wounds were present in 21% of British servicemen sustaining battle injuries, but 30% of all evacuations despite the similar mean AIS of each group. This probably reflects the complex care these injuries often require that is not possible in the field. In the field hospital, maxillofacial wounds were predominantly debrided and definitive repair was deferred until evacuated to RCDM. AIS codes are an excellent predictor of mortality from face and eye wounds but they reflect morbidity poorly. The authors propose that instead of a single AIS code, each military face and eye injury should be ascribed a second separate Occulo-Facial Functional and Aesthetic (OFFA) outcome score that more accurately predicts the aesthetic and functional parameters of these wounds.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK. johnobreeze@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breeze
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McVeigh
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
mesh_terms: D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003646:Debridement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004954:Esthetics; D005107:Explosions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D006772:Hospitals, Military / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000453:epidemiology; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology