title: Evaluation of cytoreductive efficacy of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and Doxorubicin in dogs with lymphoma by measuring the number of neoplastic lymphoid cells with real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cytoreductive efficacy of the individual components of multidrug chemotherapy for canine lymphoma is difficult to evaluate after complete remission.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cytoreductive efficacy of vincristine (VCR), cyclophosphamide (CPA), and doxorubicin (DXR) in dogs that received a 6-month modified version of the University of Wisconsin-Madison chemotherapy protocol (UW-25).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine dogs with high-grade B-cell multicentric lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene fragments from lymphoma cells were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced to prepare clone-specific primers and probes for real-time PCR. The number of lymphoma cells in peripheral blood was measured from diagnosis to week 11 of UW-25.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of lymphoma cells after the 1st administration of VCR, CPA, and DXR in weeks 1-4 was decreased in 29/29 (100%), 15/29 (51.7%), and 26/27 (96.3%) dogs, respectively. The cytoreductive efficacy of CPA was less than that of VCR and DXR. VCR, CPA, and DXR administered in weeks 6-9 were effective in 5/26 (19.2%), 5/20 (25.0%), and 14/19 (73.7%) dogs, respectively, indicating the sustained cytoreductive efficacy of DXR. CPA nonresponders were heavier and exhibited a shorter 1st remission than CPA responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using UW-25 for treatment of canine lymphoma, CPA was found to have less cytoreductive efficacy than VCR and DXR. Real-time PCR-based quantification of tumor cells is an objective marker of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto-Koshino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000662:veterinary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide