title: Synthesis of D-glucosamine quaternary ammonium derivatives and evaluation of their antifungal activity together with aminodeoxyglucose derivatives against two wood fungi Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta: structure-activity relationships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structure-activity relationships are often reported in scientific studies. These may be employed in searching for new acceptable biocides to use against harmful microorganisms, because the biocides used hitherto encounter various problems, including lack of efficiency, high toxicity and persistence. Nowadays, scientists are trying to find new, environmentally acceptable biocides to replace these earlier biocides. Different compounds from renewable materials have been studied and have shown pronounced antifungal activity against wood fungi. These include aminopolysaccharide derivatives and different quaternary ammonium polymers. A biological study carried out with these products indicated a possible relationship between amino groups and differences in biological activity observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, an amino group was successively fixed to different carbon atoms of glucose, and glucosamine was also modified by both N-alkylation and quaternisation. The impact of the amino group position on antifungal activity against two wood decay fungi was investigated. The amino group at the anomeric position showed the highest antifungal activity against both Coriolus versicolor Quel. and Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke. Furthermore, the positive impact of both N-alkylation and quaternisation on the growth of both strains was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anomeric position of the amino group and the N-alkylation and quaternisation of amino sugars considerably increase the antifungal activity of these compounds.
authors.affiliation: UMR US2B, Unité des Sciences du Bois et des Biopolymères, Université Bordeaux 1, INRA, CNRS, Talence, France.
authors.forename: Théoneste
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muhizi
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Coma
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grelier
mesh_terms: D000478:Alkylation; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055453:Coriolaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055441:Poria / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005944:Glucosamine