title: Personalized pharmacotherapy for treatment approaches focused at primary insomnia.
abstract: The treatment of primary insomnia may be complex and clinically challenging. A comprehensive multidimensional evaluation with a thorough history and physical examination coupled with appropriate testing/imaging will facilitate development of a working diagnosis. Optimal treatment strategies of challenging cases typically involve interdisciplinary team approaches (including a sleep medicine specialist) providing multimodal approaches to treatment, including nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies. A stepped care approach to treatment may serve as a useful guide for health care providers unfamiliar with sleep disturbance issues. Treatment plans based on sound medical judgment, clinical insight, and a thorough and global understanding of particular patient's comorbid conditions may lead to optimal patient-specific/patient-focused/patient centered personalized care.
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College, Department of Anesthesiology, NY, USA. smithh@mail.amc.edu
authors.forename: Howard S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Barkin
authors.forename: Stacy J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Barkin
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D056687:Off-Label Use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration