title: Implications of corn prices on water footprints of bioethanol.
abstract: Previously reported water footprints (WFPs) of corn ethanol have been estimated based on the assumption that corn ethanol feedstock could be supplied by the same states where the corn is grown. However, ethanol conversion facilities may choose out-of-state feedstock suppliers depending on the total price of feedstock they have to pay including both the corn price and transportation costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the WFPs and total water use (TWU) of corn ethanol considering an optimal allocation of corn with heterogeneous corn feedstock prices across states. The results show that the WFPs of corn ethanol are less than 100 l of water per liter of ethanol (Lw/Le) for all ethanol-producing states based on both the 2008 corn price and transportation costs for rail and truck. Results also reveal that WFPs are very sensitive to the market price of corn and that additional greenhouse gas emissions due to corn trade between states are not significant.
authors.affiliation: Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 VoTech Building, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. suhxx043@umn.edu
authors.forename: Kyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Sangwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000191:economics*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000431:Ethanol / Q000191:economics*; D018803:Models, Economic; D014186:Transportation / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States; D014867:Water; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol