title: Cytotoxicity of 5 endodontic sealers on L929 cell line and human dental pulp cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytotoxicity of five root canal sealers on L929 mouse fibroblasts and primary human dental pulp cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cylindrical specimens of AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), RoekoSeal (Coltène Whaledent, Langenau, Germany), EndoREZ (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA), Epiphany (Pentron Clinical Technologies, LLCC, Wallingford, CT, USA) and Activ GP (Brasseller Inc., USA, Savannah, GA, USA) were kept at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO(2) for thrice the length of the setting time given by the manufacturer. Extraction of specimens was performed after setting in cell growth medium for 1, 4 and 7 days. Undiluted, 50% and 25% diluted eluates were incubated with cultured cells for 24 and 72 h. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTS colorimetric bioassay. Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison test were used to compare the sealers and diluted/undiluted eluates in terms of cell viability (% of control). Friedman test and post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison test were performed to compare extraction periods. Wilcoxon test was utilized in comparing 24- and 72-h readings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Undiluted 1-day eluate of Activ GP was significantly more cytotoxic than all other sealers (P < 0.0001). Undiluted 4- and 7-day eluates of Epiphany and Activ GP were significantly more cytotoxic than the other three sealers (P < 0.0001). Diluted eluates of Activ GP and Epiphany were generally less toxic than the undiluted ones. The cytotoxicity of Epiphany significantly increased as the extraction period increased (P < 0.0001). Epiphany became more toxic with time of exposure to cells. No or minimal cytotoxicity was observed with RoekoSeal, AH Plus and EndoREZ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sealers exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity dependent on their chemical composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. mkarapinar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karapınar-Kazandağ
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Yalvaç
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ersev
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanalp
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bayırlı
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003124:Colorimetry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; C481259:EndoRez; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C528807:activ GP sealer; C486893:epiphany sealer; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C465381:roeko seal