title: Epidemiological study of sun exposure and visual field damage in children in Primorsko-Goranska County--the risk factors of earlier development of macular degeneration.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the possible harmful effects of solar exposure on visual field damage in children living in Primorsko-Goranska County. Our previous work has shown noxious influence on visual field in children with anamnesis long term exposure to sunlight. This is an extended study, including children in Novi Vinodolski and Gorski kotar. We measured possible defect in isopteric visual field and macular-meridian thresholds. In the area of island of Rab these changes were the biggest, subsequently is Novi Vinodolski and at least Gorski kotar with the smallest range of eye complicates according to exposure to sunlight. These damages correlate with the areas of great solar emission. Damages in periphery isopters of visual field have shown the characteristics of periphery defect invagination, while increased macular thresholds in complete visual field was from 5 to 15Asb. We can conclude that there is direct connection between increased sunlight and long-term exposure to sunlight on one side, and on the other side, damages of retinal perception. Increased sun exposure may represent very important factors in early occurrence and develop of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). It is recommended the children protection in summer months, as well as taking derivates of vitamin A and antioxidants. Nowadays, AMD is one of the most important causes of damaged visual field, pretend to be national problem if we don't use the adequate prevention. World Health Organization has to begin with prevention of AMD, including these risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Daily Eye Clinic Dr. Bofo Vojniković, Rijeka, Croatia. decv@decv.com
authors.forename: Bozo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vojniković
authors.forename: Svatopluk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Synek
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mićović
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Telezar
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Linsak
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000528:radiation effects