title: Agility and perturbation training techniques in exercise therapy for reducing pain and improving function in people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impairment-based exercise programs have yielded only small to moderate benefits in reducing pain and improving function in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). It has previously been proposed that adding agility and perturbation training to exercise programs for people with knee OA may improve treatment effects for pain and function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of adding agility and perturbation techniques to standard exercise therapy compared with the standard exercise program alone for people with knee OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the outpatient physical therapy clinic of a large, university-based health center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-three people with knee OA (122 women, 61 men) participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to either a group that received agility and perturbation training with standard exercise therapy or a group that received only the standard exercise program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome measures were self-reported knee pain and function, self-reported knee instability, a performance-based measure of function, and global rating of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although both groups exhibited improvement in self-reported function and in the global rating of change at the 2-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up periods, there were no differences between groups on these outcomes. There was no reduction in knee pain or improvement in performance-based function in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible that more-intense application of the interventions or application of the interventions to participants with knee OA who were at greater risk for falling may have yielded additive effects of the agility and perturbation training approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both intervention groups exhibited improvement in self-reported function and the global rating of change. Our results, however, did not support an additive effect of agility and perturbation training with standard exercise therapy in our sample of individuals with knee OA. Further study is needed to determine whether there are subgroups of individuals who might achieve an added benefit with this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 6035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15101, USA. kfitzger@pitt.edu
authors.forename: G Kelley
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Sara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: Alexandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: Chester V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Oddis
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Irrgang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000517:prevention & control; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D004856:Postural Balance; D015800:Protozoan Proteins
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C072098:aginactin protein, Dictyostelium