title: The presence of PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE DD genotypes increases the risk of early-stage AVF thrombosis in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we investigated the relationship between early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and thrombophilic factor gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients who suffered from three or more fistula thrombosis episodes in the early period after AVF operation and 33 control patients with no history of thrombosis for at least 3 years were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor V G1691A Leiden, factor V H1299R (R2), prothrombin G20210A, factor XIIIV34L, β-fibrinogen-455 G-A, glycoprotein IIIa L33P human platelet antigens (HPA-1), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C gene polymorphisms were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G genotype in the study group and 4G/4G genotype in the control group were significantly higher (p = 0.014). No significant difference was detected in terms of the 5G/5G genotype. With regard to the ACE gene polymorphism, the control group showed more ID genotype (19/33, 57.6%), whereas the study group showed more DD genotype (17/35, 48.6%). II genotype was similar in both groups (x(2) = 7.40, p = 0.025). The rate of ACE inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blockers use was 5/35 in the study group (14.3%) and 5/33 in the control group (15.2%). Individuals with PAI-1 4G/5G genotype showed 5.03 times more risk of thrombosis when compared with 4G/4G and 5G/5G genotypes [p = 0.008, OR = 5.03, 95% confidence interval (1.44:17.64)]. Individuals with ACE DD genotype showed 4.25 times more risk of thrombosis when compared with II and ID [p = 0.008, OR = 4.25, 95% confidence interval (1.404:12.83)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE DD genotypes are associated with increased risk for early AVF thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayataş
authors.forename: Gürsel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.forename: Öztürk
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.forename: Ferhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Candan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D006710:Homocysteine; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A