title: Efficiency enhancement in organic solar cells with ferroelectric polymers.
abstract: The recombination of electrons and holes in semiconducting polymer-fullerene blends has been identified as a main cause of energy loss in organic photovoltaic devices. Generally, an external bias voltage is required to efficiently separate the electrons and holes and thus prevent their recombination. Here we show that a large, permanent, internal electric field can be ensured by incorporating a ferroelectric polymer layer into the device, which eliminates the need for an external bias. The electric field, of the order of 50 V μm(-1), potentially induced by the ferroelectric layer is tens of times larger than that achievable by the use of electrodes with different work functions. We show that ferroelectric polymer layers enhanced the efficiency of several types of organic photovoltaic device from 1-2% without layers to 4-5% with layers. These enhanced efficiencies are 10-20% higher than those achieved by other methods, such as morphology and electrode work-function optimization. The devices show the unique characteristics of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices with switchable diode polarity and tunable efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.
authors.forename: Yongbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poddar
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruverman
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang