title: [Smoking and cigarette dependence among Taiwanese adolescent smokers: factors of influence].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current literature in Taiwan on adolescent smoking behavior focuses primarily on epidemiological surveys. The literature outside of Taiwan is consistent in indicating that the experience of an individual with his or her first cigarette predicts consequent smoking behavior during adolescence. Smoking behavior has been associated with cigarette dependence. However the concept of smoking behavior differs from cigarette dependence, and their predictors may vary considerably.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine predictors of regular smoking, cigarette dependence and attempts to quit amongst adolescent smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey in twelve senior high schools in central and southern Taiwan between November 2007 and May 2009. Participants (N = 370), all of who had smoked at least once during the preceding one-year period, completed a questionnaire. Logistic analyses and multiple regression were used to explore predictors of smoking behavior, cigarette dependence and quit attempts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 306 "regular" smokers. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, having friends who smoked significantly influenced regular smoking behavior. Parental nagging about participant smoking behavior was a protective factor inhibiting regular smoking. Multiple regression analysis found smoking amongst siblings and friends to be a significant predictor of cigarette dependence. Cigarette dependence was found to significantly influence the success of attempts to quit. CONCLUSION / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Family and peer groups were the most important factors of influence on adolescent smoking behavior. This finding suggests that nursing professionals should leverage family and peer support when planning and implementing smoking cessation programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, ROC. chhuang@mail.cjcu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hui-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chih-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology