title: Physical therapy assessment tools to evaluate disease progression and phenotype variability in Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy.
abstract: Dogs suffering from Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) present symptoms that are similar to human patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Phenotypic variability is common in both cases and correlates with disease progression and response to therapy. Physical therapy assessment tools were used to study disease progression and assess phenotypic variability in dogs with GRMD. At 5 (T0), 9 (T1), 13 (T2) and 17 (T3)months of age, the physical features, joint ranges of motion (ROM), limb and thorax circumferences, weight and creatine kinase (CK) levels were assessed in 11 dogs with GRMD. Alterations of physical features were higher at 13 months, and different disease progression rates were observed. Passive ROM decreased until 1 year old, which was followed by a decline of elbow and tarsal ROM. Limb and thorax circumferences, which were corrected for body weight, decreased significantly between T0 and T3. These measurements can be used to evaluate disease progression in dogs with GRMD and to help discover new therapies for DMD patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Gaiad
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: G C A
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Caromano
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miglino
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ambrósio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010341:Pathology, Veterinary / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000662:veterinary