title: Vitamin D status and mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Several studies have shown that mineral metabolism disorders play a major role in determining a higher mortality rate for end-stage renal disease patients. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients. Recently, an association between vitamin D insufficiency and cardiovascular or renal events has been found, in patients with chronic renal failure who have not started renal replacement therapy yet. To further investigate this issue, we evaluated the relationship between blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D; > or ≤30 ng/mL) and mortality or dialysis dependence in 104 incident consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5, over a period of 17 months, with a follow-up of 2 years in a cross-sectional analysis. The correlation between different levels of vitamin D and the risk of events has been estimated by using a probit model. Explanatory variables employed concerned age, sex, blood pressure, BMI, and number of co-morbid factors. The average 25-OH D concentration was of 30.13 ng/mL. During follow-up (>16 months), each patient experienced an average of 1.28 events. Vitamin D has been shown to reduce the probability of cardiovascular or renal events. Vitamin D intake for more than 12 months can reduce the probability of such events by 11.42%. Each co-morbid factor, instead, raises the probability of events by 29%. Lower probabilities of experiencing an adverse cardiovascular event might depend on higher levels of vitamin D. The influence of 25-OH D on survival in chronic kidney disease patients may be related to unrecognized factors that need to be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. dsantoro@unime.it
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gitto
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Ersilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Satta
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savica
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellinghieri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D