title: Mice lacking MSK1 and MSK2 show reduced skin tumor development in a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model.
abstract: Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK)1/2 are two kinases involved in inflammation as well as in cell transformation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of MSK1/2 in skin tumor development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSK1/2 knockout mice developed significantly fewer skin tumors compared with wild-type mice. The myeloperoxidase activity in TPA-treated skin from MSK1/2 knockout mice was significantly elevated compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β as well as the mRNA expression of TNF-α were significantly increased in MSK1/2 knockout mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide in vivo evidence that MSK1/2 signaling represents a novel tumor-promoting axis in skin carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Knud
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kragballe
authors.forename: J Simon C
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D016207:Cytokines; D011725:Pyridines; C431843:tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C485459:Rps6ka4 protein, mouse; C116919:mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1