title: Neural co-activation as a yardstick of implicit motor learning and the propensity for conscious control of movement.
abstract: Two studies examined EEG co-activation (coherence) between the verbal-analytical (T3) and motor planning (Fz) regions during a golf putting task. In Study 1, participants with a strong propensity to consciously monitor and control their movements, determined psychometrically by high scores on a movement specific Reinvestment Scale, displayed more alpha2 T3-Fz co-activation than participants with a weak propensity. In Study 2, participants who practiced a golf putting task implicitly (via an errorless learning protocol) displayed less alpha2 T3-Fz co-activation than those who practiced explicitly (by errorful learning). In addition, explicit but not implicit motor learners displayed more T3-Fz co-activation during golf putting under pressure, implying that verbal-analytical processing of putting movements increased under pressure. These findings provide neuropsychological evidence that supports claims that implicit motor learning can be used to limit movement specific reinvestment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Poolton
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: R S W
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Masters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006055:Golf / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult