title: The perinuclear actin cap in health and disease.
abstract: We recently demonstrated the existence of a previously uncharacterized subset of actomyosin fibers that form the perinuclear actin cap, a cytoskeletal structure that tightly wraps around the nucleus of a wide range of somatic cells. Fibers in the actin cap are distinct from well-characterized, conventional actin fibers at the basal and dorsal surfaces of adherent cells in their subcellular location, internal organization, dynamics, ability to generate contractile forces, response to cytoskeletal pharmacological treatments, response to biochemical stimuli, regulation by components of the linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, and response to disease-associated mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes for the nuclear lamin component lamin A/C. The perinuclear actin cap precisely shapes the nucleus in interphase cells. The perinuclear actin cap may also be a mediator of microenvironment mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, as well as a regulator of cell motility, polarization and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shyam B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Khatau
authors.forename: Dong-Hwee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wirtz
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D048430:Cell Shape; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C494847:LMNA protein, human; D034904:Lamin Type A