title: The development of the European framework for psychosocial risk management: PRIMA-EF.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents the development process of the European framework for psychosocial risk management (PRIMA-EF). It also summarises and discusses key findings of research conducted through this policy-orientated research programme.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents an overview of the development process of PRIMA-EF. The background, methods and outcomes are described and discussed. The paper summarises the key findings of PRIMA-EF and concludes by a discussion of the merit of PRIMA-EF in the area of psychosocial risk management and its intended use. PRIMA-EF has been built on a review, critical assessment, reconciliation and harmonisation of existing European approaches for the management of psychosocial risks and the promotion of mental health at the workplace. The framework has been built from a theoretical analysis of the risk management process, identifying its key elements in logic and philosophy, strategy and procedures, areas and types of measurement, and from a subsequent analysis of European risk management approaches. It is meant to accommodate all existing psychosocial risk management approaches across Europe. It also provides a model and key indicators that relate to the psychosocial risk management process both at the enterprise and macro levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experts, researchers, social partners, key European and international organisations and networks were involved throughout the development of PRIMA-EF. A number of methods were applied including literature, case study and policy reviews, interviews, surveys, focus groups and workshops. The scientific findings have been used to develop user-friendly tools for use at the enterprise and policy levels such as guidelines, indicators, guidance sheets, inventories and web-based tools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRIMA-EF is intended as a framework for harmonizing practice and current methods in the area of psychosocial risk management. It can also be used as a guidance tool for the development of further methods both in Europe and internationally as it can provide a benchmark for validation of new methods. A number of priorities have been identified on the basis of PRIMA-EF for the future of psychosocial risk management and the promotion of mental health at workplace in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, UK. Stavroula.Leka@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leka
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kortum
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D004493:Education; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D011050:Policy Making; D058028:Research Report; D012308:Risk Management; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017132:Workplace; D014944:World Health Organization