title: Vacuolar Ca(2+) uptake.
abstract: Calcium transporters that mediate the removal of Ca(2+) from the cytosol and into internal stores provide a critical role in regulating Ca(2+) signals following stimulus induction and in preventing calcium toxicity. The vacuole is a major calcium store in many organisms, particularly plants and fungi. Two main pathways facilitate the accumulation of Ca(2+) into vacuoles, Ca(2+)-ATPases and Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers. Here I review the biochemical and regulatory features of these transporters that have been characterised in yeast and plants. These Ca(2+) transport mechanisms are compared with those being identified from other vacuolated organisms including algae and protozoa. Studies suggest that Ca(2+) uptake into vacuoles and other related acidic Ca(2+) stores occurs by conserved mechanisms which developed early in evolution.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. jon.pittman@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jon K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pittman
mesh_terms: D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D002147:Calmodulin; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C027614:calcium-hydrogen antiporters; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium