title: Impact of blood volume monitoring on fluid removal during intermittent hemodialysis of critically ill children with acute kidney injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In chronic pediatric patients treated with intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), blood volume monitoring (BVM) is commonly used to assess and manage volume status during the dialysis session. Minimal data exists on its use during IHD in critically ill children with acute kidney injury (AKI). In these cases, fluid removal may be limited by hemodynamic instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a retrospective study conducted in our pediatric intensive care unit. For eligible patients, demographic data and IHD treatment characteristics were recorded including BVM use, ultrafiltration (UF) volume per session, hypotensive episodes and intradialysis interventions. Hypotensive episodes and UF per IHD session were compared between IHD sessions with BVM (BVM group) and IHD sessions without BVM (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three AKI patients with a median age of 11 years (1.8-18) and body weight of 36 kg (10-85) received 134 IHD sessions (70 with BVM and 64 without BVM). Hypotensive episodes occurred in 34% of all sessions with no significant difference between the BVM group and the control group: (95% CI: 22%, 44%) and 36% (95% CI: 24%, 48%), respectively, but UF per session was higher in the BVM group as compared to control (48 ± 27 mL/kg and 33 ± 26 mL/kg, respectively, P = 0.0001). The mean decrease in BVM did not exceed 13% over an entire dialysis session in patients without hypotension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, in our experience of IHD sessions in critically ill children with AKI, the use of BVM allowed a higher UF in those with BVM without influencing the frequency of hypotensive episodes. Applying specific guidelines on BVM use may decrease hypotensive episodes during IHD treatment in critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada. aicha.merouani.hsj@ssss.gouv.qc.ca
authors.forename: Aicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merouani
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kechaou
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Litalien
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ducruet
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jouvet
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D001810:Blood Volume; D001826:Body Fluids; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017583:Hemodiafiltration; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014462:Ultrafiltration