title: An integrative review of the current knowledge of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors in the Old Order Amish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the uniqueness of the Amish culture and evaluate the published research on cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors in the Amish.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized database search from January 1999 to January 2009 was conducted using the search terms Amish and cardiovascular.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of published research is based on the Amish in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; is genetically based; and did not make recommendations for health care practices in the Amish.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies that focus on cardiovascular disease in the Amish outside Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and that study cardiovascular health care practices of the Amish are needed to develop culturally specific educational interventions.
authors.affiliation: Bethel College, Mishawaka, IN, USA. gillumd@bethelcollege.edu
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gillum
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Staffileno
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000451:nursing; D003469:Culture; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009043:Motor Activity; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D033303:Protestantism; D012307:Risk Factors; D016746:Transcultural Nursing