title: Effects of high and low glycemic load meals on energy intake, satiety and hunger in obese Hispanic-American youth.
abstract: Some short-term pediatric studies have suggested beneficial effects of low glycemic load (LGL) meals on feelings of hunger and on energy intake. However, the effects of LGL diets have not been systematically studied in obese Hispanic children, who stand to benefit from successful interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of LGL and high-GL (HGL) meals on appetitive responses and ad libitum energy intake of obese Hispanic youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 88 obese Hispanic youth aged 7-15 years were enrolled in a community-based obesity intervention program and randomly assigned to consume meals designed as either LGL (n = 45) or HGL (n = 43). After 12 weeks, participants were admitted for a 24-hour metabolic study. Following the morning test meal, subjects serially reported hunger, fullness, and satiety using a visual analog scale. Blood insulin and glucose were measured. After 5 hours, participants were fed another test meal and given a snack platter from which to eat ad libitum. All test food was weighed and the energy, macronutrients, and glycemic load (GL) of consumed foods were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HGL group had significantly higher insulin (p = 0.0005) and glucose (p = 0.0001) responses to the breakfast meal compared with the LGL group. There were no significant between-group differences in energy consumed from the snack platter (1303 vs. 1368 kcal, p = 0.5), or in the subjective feelings of hunger (p = 0.3), fullness (p = 0.5) or satiety (p = 0.3) between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides no evidence that, for obese Hispanic youth, changing the GL of the diet affects short-term hunger, fullness, satiety, or energy intake. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01068197.
authors.affiliation: Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. nmirza@cnmc.org
authors.forename: Nazrat M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Matilde G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCarter
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Cara B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ebbeling
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yanovski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D004219:District of Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000208:ethnology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000208:ethnology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012528:Satiety Response; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin