title: Infusion of allogeneic natural killer cells in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia in relapse after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allogeneic donor natural killer (NK)-cell infusion (NK-DLI) is a promising immunotherapy for patients with hematologic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report describes the case of a patient who received a single haploidentical NK-DLI for a relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He underwent a cytoreductive, immunosuppressive regimen before NK-DLI and received high-dose interleukin-2 in vivo for 8 weeks afterward.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major adverse effect was observed. Prospective phenotypic and functional studies of the NK cells showed major expansion of infused NK cells and, more importantly, of the alloreactive KIR2DL1+KIR2DL2/DL3-NKG2A- subset, which reached 117×10(6) cells/L on Day +14 after NK-DLI, the greatest expansion of infused alloreactive NK cells reported so far. Infused NK cells conserved their lytic capacities against K562 target cells and primary AML-mismatched blasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We review the literature to clarify these data and to detail the indications for allogeneic NK-DLI, the criteria for determining the most suitable donor, the types of conditioning regimens, and the procedures for selecting and activating NK cells.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Service de Thérapie Cellulaire, and the Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. stephanienguyenquoc@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Béziat
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Norol
authors.forename: Madalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzunov
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trebeden-Negre
authors.forename: Nabih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boudifa
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bories
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debré
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vernant
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vieillard
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhédin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000637:transplantation*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous