title: Dystonias of the head and neck: An overview.
abstract: Dystonias are a group of disorders characterized by muscle contractions that can produce twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonias of the head and neck region, except for spasmodic dysphonia, are rarely described in the otolaryngology literature. Ironically, it is the otolaryngologic surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the head and neck that can be of greatest benefit for patients suffering from these disorders. Medical and surgical treatment options are available in treating this disorder. This article is intended to serve as an introduction and overview of dystonias for the otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Loyola University Medical Center, 3633 West Lake Ave., Suite 300, Glenview IL 60026, USA. scharous@comcast.net
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Charous
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comella
mesh_terms: D004421:Dystonia / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006257:Head / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology*