title: Images of photoreceptors in living primate eyes using adaptive optics two-photon ophthalmoscopy.
abstract: In vivo two-photon imaging through the pupil of the primate eye has the potential to become a useful tool for functional imaging of the retina. Two-photon excited fluorescence images of the macaque cone mosaic were obtained using a fluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope, overcoming the challenges of a low numerical aperture, imperfect optics of the eye, high required light levels, and eye motion. Although the specific fluorophores are as yet unknown, strong in vivo intrinsic fluorescence allowed images of the cone mosaic. Imaging intact ex vivo retina revealed that the strongest two-photon excited fluorescence signal comes from the cone inner segments. The fluorescence response increased following light stimulation, which could provide a functional measure of the effects of light on photoreceptors.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masella
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubra
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Merigan
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palczewska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palczewski
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams