title: Extensive submacular hemorrhage following intravitreal ranibizumab for small occult choroidal neovascular membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although intravitreal ranibizumab represents an established therapeutic approach for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the possible occurrence of adverse events remains under ongoing research. The purpose of this report is to present an incidence of an extensive submacular hemorrhage after intravitreal ranibizumab administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 72-year-old woman was referred to our retinal department for sudden visual loss in the right eye (RE). She had undergone an intravitreal ranibizumab injection 48 hours prior to her presentation. She had known AMD with a confirmed occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) for which she had been subjected to a total of 24 intravitreal injections in the RE (with monthly intervals) over the last 2 years. Clinical examination revealed an extensive submacular hemorrhage in the RE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of a submacular hemorrhage soon after ranibizumab administration in a patient with a small occult CNV. Although such a correlation cannot be established, the authors underline the possibility of such an adverse event in patients with small CNVs following a long therapeutic course involving high injection volume.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Ophthalmology Department, Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouvas
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vergados
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodossiadis
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Theodossiadis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008266:Macula Lutea; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069579:Ranibizumab