title: Momordica charantia seed extract reduces pre-adipocyte viability, affects lactate dehydrogenase release, and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: A triterpenoid containing bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seed (BMS) extract was found to reduce cultured 3T3-L1 cell viability. The 50% lethal concentration values were determined to be 0.78 ± 0.01 mg/mL at 24 hours, 0.69 ± 0.01 mg/mL at 48 hours, and 0.56 ± 0.02 mg/mL at 72 hours. 3T3-L1 cells were utilized as models of pre-adipocyte to adipocyte differentiation. BMS extract also caused a G(2)/M arrest in the cell cycle reducing cells by 23.9%, 37.7%, and 34.7% compared with the control after 72 hours of treatment at concentrations of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mg/mL respectively. BMS extract did not increase the release of lactate dehydrogenase from 3T3-L1 cells, which was unexpected. Furthermore, BMS extract reduced lipid accumulation during differentiation from pre-adipocyte to adipocyte corresponding to reduction in overall triglyceride of 32.4% after 72 hours compared with untreated control cells. BMS is an underutilized agricultural commodity that may have potential for nutraceutical and functional food development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore. chmpdg@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Popovich
authors.forename: Yiyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase