title: Safety profile of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a standardized report of complications in 3317 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies attempting to assess complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) are limited by their small numbers, short follow-up, or lack of risk factor analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document complications after RARP by strict application of standardized reporting criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2005 and December 2009, 3317 consecutive patients underwent RARP at a tertiary referral center. Median follow-up was 24.2 mo (interquartile range: 12.4-36.9).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transperitoneal RARP was performed by one of five surgeons-two experienced, three beginners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complications were captured by exhaustive review of multiple datasets, including our prospective prostate cancer database, claims data, and electronic medical and institutional morbidity and mortality records, and reported according to the Martin-Donat criteria. Complications were stratified by type (medical/surgical), Clavien classification, and timing of onset. Multivariable analysis of factors predictive of complications was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The median hospitalization time was 1 d. There were 368 complications in 326 patients (9.8%), including a transfusion rate of 2.2%. We detected 79 medical complications in 78 patients (2.4%) and 289 surgical complications in 264 patients (8.0%). There were 242 minor (Clavien 1-2) and 126 major (Clavien 3-5) complications. Two hundred ninety-nine (81.3%) complications occurred within 30 d, 17 (4.6%) within 31-90 d, and 52 (14.1%) after 90 d from surgery. On multivariable analysis, preoperative prostate-specific antigen values and cardiac comorbidity were predictive for medical complications, whereas age, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and biopsy Gleason score were predictive of surgical complications. Limitations of this study include representing results from a single high-volume referral center and not including the learning curve of the two most experienced surgeons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RARP is a safe operation, with an overall complication rate of 9.8%. Most complications occurred within 30 d of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Piyush K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sammon
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabaja
authors.forename: Mireya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dusik-Fenton
authors.forename: Ramgopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.forename: Quoc-Dien
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baize
authors.forename: Mani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome