title: Polystyrene nanoparticle trafficking across MDCK-II.
abstract: Polystyrene nanoparticles (PNP) cross rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers via non-endocytic transcellular pathways. To evaluate epithelial cell type-specificity of PNP trafficking, we studied PNP flux across Madin Darby canine kidney cell II monolayers (MDCK-II). The effects of calcium chelation (EGTA), energy depletion (sodium azide (NaN(3)) or decreased temperature), and endocytosis inhibitors methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBC), monodansylcadaverine and dynasore were determined. Amidine-modified PNP cross MDCK-II 500 times faster than carboxylate-modified PNP. PNP flux did not increase in the presence of EGTA. PNP flux at 4 °C and after treatment with NaN(3) decreased 75% and 80%, respectively. MBC exposure did not decrease PNP flux, whereas dansylcadaverine- or dynasore-treated MDCK-II exhibited ∼80% decreases in PNP flux. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed intracellular colocalization of PNP with clathrin heavy chain. These data indicate that PNP translocation across MDCK-II (1) occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and (2) is dependent on PNP physicochemical properties. We conclude that uptake/trafficking of nanoparticles (NPs) into/across epithelia depends both on properties of the NPs and on the specific epithelial cell type.
authors.affiliation: Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. fazlolla@usc.edu
authors.forename: Farnoosh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazlollahi
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angelow
authors.forename: Nazanin R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Yacobi
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marchelletta
authors.forename: Alan S L
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hamm-Alvarez
authors.forename: Zea
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Borok
authors.forename: Kwang-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crandall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D002966:Clathrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D034281:Dynamins / Q000378:metabolism; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002966:Clathrin; D011137:Polystyrenes; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D019810:Sodium Azide; D034281:Dynamins