title: Asian immigrants to the United States are less likely to donate cryopreserved embryos for research use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there are ethnic differences in the proportion of IVF patients donating excess cryopreserved embryos for use in research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  University clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred consecutive patients undergoing IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryo disposition plan reported on the cryopreservation consent form (disposal, donation for research, or donation for therapeutic use).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with Europeans or Asians born in the U.S., Asians born outside the U.S. were less likely to opt to donate excess embryos. Research donation was highly associated with interest in participation in clinical research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased donation of excess embryos for research among Asians born outside the U.S. may relate to religious, sociocultural, language, or other undescribed factors. Targeted educational strategies may be critical to the development of a diverse pool of embryos available for research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Harsha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Erica B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.forename: Sae H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Heather G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Huddleston
authors.forename: Victor Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D033001:Directed Tissue Donation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019924:Embryo Disposition / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D033041:Embryo Research; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult