title: Separation and sweeping of flavonoids by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using mixed anionic and cationic surfactants.
abstract: In this report, a novel means for the separation and sweeping of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, calycosin, ononin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside) by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using mixed anionic and cationic surfactants as modified pseudostationary phase was presented. The optimized background electrolyte consisted of 0.5% (w/v) ethyl acetate, 2.0% (w/v) SDS, 9 mM DTAC, 4.0% (w/v) 1-butanol and 10mM sodium borate or 25 mM phosphoric acid. We systematically investigated the separation and preconcentration conditions, including the concentrations of surfactant, types of sweeping, sample matrix, the effect of high salt or acetonitrile, and sample injection volume. It was found that the use of mixed surfactants significantly enhanced the separation efficiency through the change of the efficient electrophoretic mobility of analytes. Compared with normal sample injection, 185-508-fold sensitivity enhancement in terms of limit of detection was achieved through effective sweeping of large sample volume at 50 mbar pressure (up to 45% capillary length). At last, the proposed method was suitable for the determination of Radix Astragali sample.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China. caojun91@163.com
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wen-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dun
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007267:Injections; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D005419:Flavonoids; D012492:Salts; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C032159:acetonitrile