title: Removal efficiency of propolis paste dressing from the root canal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the cleaning of root canal walls after the use of experimental propolis or calcium hydroxide root canal dressings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty single-rooted teeth were used. After conventional cleaning and shaping procedures and removal of the smear layer with 17% EDTA, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the medication used (N=5): Group I (control) - No drug, Group II - Calcium hydroxide dressing, Group III - Propolis paste A70D and Group IV - Propolis paste D70D. The medications were introduced into the root canals and maintained for 7 days, then removed with a K-file and 5 mL of 1% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Finally, the canals were flushed with 2 mL of 17% EDTA for 3 min. For SEM analysis, the roots were cleaved and microphotographs from the middle third of the root canal were taken at 750x. The cleaning of the root canal walls was determined by the number of open dentinal tubules as verified with the software Image Tool 3.1. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed no statistically significant difference between the calcium hydroxide and propolis groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental propolis pastes presented acceptable physical characteristics to be used as intracanal medicaments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil. frvictorino@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Fausto Rodrigo
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Victorino
authors.forename: Clovis Monteiro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.forename: Ronald Ordinola
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.forename: Ana Regina
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Casaroto
authors.forename: Roberto Brandão
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Ivaldo Gomes de
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Mirian Marubayashi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D011429:Propolis; D004492:Edetic Acid; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide