title: Update: Systemic Diseases and the Cardiovascular System (II). The endocrine system and the heart: a review.
abstract: Normal endocrine function is essential for cardiovascular health. Disorders of the endocrine system, consisting of hormone hyperfunction and hypofunction, have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of disorders of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, with respect to the impact of endocrine dysfunction on the cardiovascular system. We also review the cardiovascular benefits of restoring normal endocrine function.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Soo S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications