title: Substitution pattern of the CArG element in human and mouse genomes.
abstract: cis-Elements CArG bound by serum response factor (SRF) are presently being intensively studied, but little is known about the substitution pattern of functional CArG elements. Here, we have performed the first evolutionary analysis of CArGome in the human and mouse genome through bioinformatic methods and statistical tests. We calculated the substitution rate at each site of the functional CArG elements. The results showed that the core sites of the functional CArG elements evolved faster than did the background DNA, indicating that these sites were likely to evolve under positive selection. Moreover, a strong TATA "motif" was evident in the core region within the functional CArG elements in both human and mouse promoters. This motif could probably be a major contribution to the formation of the spatial structure, which was important for CArG-SRF recognition. Thus, the study further revealed the sequence character and substitution pattern of CArG elements and provided useful information for the study of the SRF-binding efficiencies of CArG promoters in functional assays.
authors.affiliation: College of Drug Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. jxrain@gmail.com
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Haimei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004247:DNA; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D027602:Serum Response Element; D026362:Serum Response Factor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D026362:Serum Response Factor; D004247:DNA