title: Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation affects the ammonaemia response during exercise under ketogenic conditions.
abstract: Hyperammonaemia is related to both central and peripheral fatigue during exercise. Hyperammonaemia in response to exercise can be reduced through supplementation with either amino acids or combined keto analogues and amino acids (KAAA). In the present study, we determined the effect of short-term KAAA supplementation on ammonia production in subjects eating a low-carbohydrate diet who exercise. A total of thirteen male cyclists eating a ketogenic diet for 3 d were divided into two groups receiving either KAAA (KEx) or lactose (control group; LEx) supplements. Athletes cycled indoors for 2 h, and blood samples were obtained at rest, during exercise and over the course of 1 h during the recovery period. Exercise-induced ammonaemia increased to a maximum of 35 % in the control group, but no significant increase was observed in the supplemented group. Both groups had a significant increase (approximately 35 %) in uraemia in response to exercise. The resting urate levels of the two groups were equivalent and remained statistically unchanged in the KEx group after 90 min of exercise; an earlier increase was observed in the LEx group. Glucose levels did not change, either during the trial time or between the groups. An increase in lactate levels was observed during the first 30 min of exercise in both groups, but there was no difference between the groups. The present results suggest that the acute use of KAAA diminishes exercise-induced hyperammonaemia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22290 240, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Seixas
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Biological and Health Sciences Center, Tiradentes University, SE, Avenue Murilo Dantas, S/N, Farolândia, Aracaju, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Melquiades
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Rezende Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22290 240, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosemeire Dantas
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Governor João Alves Filho Hospital, Avenue Presidente Tancredo Neves, 7501 Novo Paraíso, Aracaju, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelia Garcez
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dória de Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22290 240, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz-Claudio
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D056352:Athletes; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D055423:Diet, Ketogenic; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007651:Keto Acids; D019344:Lactic Acid; D014508:Urea