title: [Preliminary evaluation of the insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus from Lobito (Angola), using WHO standard assay].
abstract: Field collections of the most common urban mosquito vectors Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were carried out in June 2003, March 2004 and November 2005 to gather preliminary data on the insecticide susceptibility in mosquitoes from Lobito (Angola) using the WHO standard bioassays. Bioassays were performed on F0 adults emerging from the field larval collections and on unfed adults from landing catches on volunteers. Batches of mosquitoes from three selected locations (Alto Liro, San Jao and Bela Vista) were exposed for 1 hour to several insecticides such as DDT 4%, carbosulfan 0.4%, permethrin 1%, deltamethrin 0.05% and cyfluthrin 0.15%, in order to estimate the immediate knockdown times (kdT50 and kdT95) and the mortality rate after exposure. The results revealed that mosquito susceptibility to insecticides varied depending on the insecticide, the site and the period of collection. The main local malaria vector A. gambiae (both M and S forms) was basically resistant to DDT and susceptible to all pyrethoids, regardless of the period and the site of collections. The overall mortality rate due to DDT was 73% in Alto Liro, 89% in San Jao and varied depending on the period in Bela Vista between 95% in March 2004 and 100% in November 2005. The mortality due to pyrethoids was 100% at all locations, with the kdT50 and KdT95 times ranging between 9 and 16 minutes and between 18 and 29 minutes, respectively. Concerning the C. quinquefasciatus, populations from Yard and Caponte were resistant to all insecticides tested; the mortality rate was 40% with deltamethrin and 70% with permethrin, while no lethal effect was observed with DDT or carbosulfan. In conclusion, despite its probable high resistance to DDT, the main local malaria vector A. gambiae remained fully susceptible to pyrethroids. This could forecast a good biological efficacy of the scheduled vector control interventions in Angola, based on a large-scale distribution of long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets and on the implementation of indoor residual spraying. The local vector control programme must include well-adapted IEC campaigns and full participation of the community for better management of the insecticide resistance in targeted mosquitoes and for better control of malaria vector populations.
authors.affiliation: Organisation de coordination pour la lutte contre les endémies en Afrique centrale, Oceac Yaoundé, Cameroun. jctotofr@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Besnard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Mire
authors.forename: D S I
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Foumane
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simard
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Awono-Ambene
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carnevale
mesh_terms: D000810:Angola; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D003465:Culex; D003634:DDT; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003634:DDT