title: Fluoride consumption and its impact on oral health.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries and dental fluorosis among Mexican preschoolers and school-aged children in a non-endemic zone for fluorosis and to measure its biological indicators.
  
  
  
  DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs, and CDI indexes were applied. Fluoride urinary excretion and fluoride concentrations in home water, table salt, bottled water, bottled drinks, and toothpaste were determined.
  
  
  
  Schoolchildren presented fluorosis (CDI = 0.96) and dental caries (DMFT = 2.64 and DMFS = 3.97). Preschoolers presented dmft = 4.85 and dmfs = 8.80. DMFT and DMFS were lower in children with mild to moderate dental fluorosis (DF). Variable fluoride concentrations were found in the analyzed products (home water = 0.18-0.44 ppm F, table salt = 0-485 ppm F, bottled water = 0.18-0.47 ppm F, juices = 0.08-1.42 ppm F, nectars = 0.07-1.30 ppm F, bottled drinks = 0.10-1.70 ppm F, toothpaste = 0-2,053 ppm F). Mean daily fluoride excretion was 422 ± 176 μg/24 h for schoolchildren and 367 ± 150 μg/24 h for preschoolers.
  
  
  
  Data from our study show that, despite values of excretion within an optimal fluoride intake range, the prevalence of caries was significant in both groups, and 60% of the 11- to 12-year-old children presented with dental fluorosis. In addition, variable fluoride concentrations in products frequently consumed by children were found.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, DF, C.P. 04510, Mexico. mjifarfan@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Farfán
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hernández-Guerrero
authors.forename: Lilia Adriana
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Juárez-López
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Jacinto-Alemán
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente-Hernández
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D015995:Prevalence; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014100:Toothpastes; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005459:Fluorides