title: Effects of exercise training on gingival oxidative stress in obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and gingival oxidative stress in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into three groups (n = 14/group): one control group (fed a regular diet) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet with and without exercise training [treadmill: 5 days/week]). The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks. The level of serum reactive oxidative metabolites (ROM) was measured as an indicator of circulating ROS. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and reduced-form glutathione (GSH)/oxidised-form glutathione (GSSG) ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obese rats fed a high-fat diet without exercise training showed higher serum ROM levels [Carratelli Units (CARR U)] (mean ± SD; 413 ± 64) than the control (333 ± 12) at 4 weeks (p = 0.023). Such a condition resulted in higher 8-OHdG levels (ng/mg mtDNA) (0.97 ± 0.18) (p < 0.05) and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (17.0 ± 3.1) (p < 0.05) in gingival tissues, compared to the control (0.55 ± 0.13 for 8-OHdG and 23.6 ± 5.8 for GSH/GSSG ratio) at 8 weeks. In addition, the obese rats fed a high-fat diet with exercise training showed lower serum ROM (623 ± 103) (p < 0.001) and gingival 8-OHdG levels (0.69 ± 0.17) (p = 0.012) than those without exercise training (1105 ± 95 for ROM and 0.55 ± 0.13 for 8-OHdG) at 8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity prevention by exercise training may effectively suppress gingival oxidative stress by decreasing serum ROS in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasuyama
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000473:pathology; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide