title: Subnanosecond electric pulses cause membrane permeabilization and cell death.
abstract: Subnanosecond electric pulses (200 ps) at electric field intensities on the order of 20 kV/cm cause the death of B16.F10 murine melanoma cells when applied for minutes with a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz. The lethal effect of the ultrashort pulses is found to be caused by a combination of thermal effects and electrical effects. Studies on the cellular level show increased transport across the membrane at much lower exposure times or number of pulses. Exposed to 2000 pulses, NG108 cells exhibit an increase in membrane conductance, but only allow transmembrane currents to flow, if the medium is positively biased with respect to the cell interior. This means that the cell membrane behaves like a rectifying diode. This increase in membrane conductance is a nonthermal process, since the temperature rise due to the pulsing is negligible.
authors.affiliation: Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. sxiao@odu.edu
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Siqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Vasyl
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nesin
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Karl H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schoenbach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D018274:Electroporation; D051379:Mice; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin