title: [Non-curable tumours of the female genital tract: therapeutic options in bowel stenosis and bleeding].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumours of the female genital tract are often diagnosed at an advanced stage or re-lapse after initial curative therapy. Ovarian cancer is in particular associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis or local tumour progression entailing different intestinal complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on our own results and a systemic PubMed search, different intestinal complications in non-curable tumours of the female genital tract were defined and different surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stenosis of the small bowel is often caused by direct infiltration of the tumour. Peritoneal carcinomatosis or postoperative abdominal adhesions may lead to an acute or even more often chronic recurrent obstruction. The rectum or sigmoid colon is in particular affected by stenosis caused by tumour masses within the pelvis, occurring fistulas or direct tumour infiltration which may lead to bleeding complications or a large bowel obstruction. Radiation-induced abdominal adhesions or stenosis of the small bowel as well as radiation-induced chronic proctocolitis are further common abdominal complications. Special attention with regard to a well balanced indication towards surgical, oncological or conservative management must be given in the palliative setting of the genital tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In particular the dictum of "primum nihil nocere" has to be followed in consideration of the patient's declared intention, the patient's prognosis, general condition, psychological strain as well as the expected complications.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München - Campus Großhadern, Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Angele
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spelsberg
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burges
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleespies
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000528:radiation effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007422:Intestines / Q000528:radiation effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D015607:Stents