title: Use of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions during scoliosis repair surgery with somatosensory and motor-evoked potential monitoring: a case report.
abstract: Dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions were the main anesthetic for a 15-year-old girl, who underwent scoliosis repair surgery with intraoperative wake-up test, somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), and motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. To achieve maintenance of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine and ketamine were administered concomitantly. The dexmedetomidine dose ranged from 0.9 to 1.2 microg/kg per hour throughout the case, and the ketamine dose ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 mg/kg per hour. The analgesic properties of dexmedetomidine and ketamine were complimented by the continuous fentanyl infusion at 1 to 2 microg/kg per hour. The sympatholytic properties of dexmedetomidine were balanced with the sympathomimetic properties of ketamine, and the patient required minimal vasoactive support (only 250 microg of phenylephrine was administered over the course of 12 hours of anesthetic care). This anesthetic regimen, as well as 60% nitrous oxide and 40% oxygen, provided satisfactory conditions for the intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring. This case report discusses the use of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions as an alternative to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia during scoliosis repair surgery with intraoperative SSEP and MEP monitoring.
authors.affiliation: St. Joseph Hospital School of Anesthesia for Nurses, North Providence, Rhode Island, USA. ralperovich@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rozanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penney
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D007649:Ketamine; D005283:Fentanyl