title: Comparisons of Latinos, African Americans, and Caucasians with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identify racial/ethnic differences among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in demographics, MS disease characteristics, and health services received.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed enrollment data from the Registry of the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Project to compare 26,967 Caucasians, 715 Latinos, and 1,313 African Americans with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Racial/ethnic analyses of NARCOMS data focused on descriptive characteristics, using ANOVA and chi-square tests to identify significant differences in means and frequencies among Caucasians, Latinos, and African Americans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified significant racial/ethnic differences in demographics, MS disease characteristics, and treatments. Caucasians were older when first MS symptoms were experienced (30.1 years) and at MS diagnosis (37.4 years) than Latinos (28.6 years and 34.5 years) or African Americans (29.8 years and 35.8 years). Larger proportions of Latinos reported normal function for mobility and bladder/bowel function compared to Caucasians. Larger proportions of Latinos (44.2 percent) and African Americans (45.8 percent) reported at least mild depression compared to only 38.7 percent of Caucasians. Larger proportions of Latinos never received mental health care or care from rehabilitation specialists than Caucasians or African Americans. A larger proportion of African Americans had never been treated by a neurologist specializing in MS and a smaller proportion of African Americans received care at a MS clinic than Caucasians or Latinos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the need for future analyses to determine if age, disease duration, MS symptoms, and disability levels provide additional insights into racial/ethic differences in the use of MS-related providers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Mississippi State University, PO Box PC, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA. rbuchanan@ps.msstate.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zuniga
authors.forename: Genny
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Zuniga
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chakravorty
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tyry
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vollmer
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012042:Registries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*