title: Frontal assessment battery to evaluate frontal lobe dysfunction in ALS patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of frontal lobe impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a matter of great importance, since it often causes ALS patients to decrease medication and nursing compliance, thus shortening their survival time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is a short and rapid method for assessing frontal executive functions. We investigated the applicability of the FAB as a screening method for assessing cognitive impairments in 61 ALS patients. Depending on the results of the FAB, we classified patients into two subgroups: FAB-normal and FAB-abnormal. We then performed additional evaluations of cognitive function using the Korean version of the mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE), a verbal fluency test (COWAT), and a neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). Results of these tests were compared between the two groups using Mann-Whitney U-tests, and Spearman correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationships between FAB score and disease duration and severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 61 sporadic ALS patients included in this study, 14 were classified as FAB-abnormal and 47 were classified as FAB-normal. The FAB-normal and FAB-abnormal patients performed significantly differently in all domains of the COWAT. There was no difference in behavioral disturbance, as assessed by the NPI, between the two groups. The FAB scores were found to significantly correlate with both disease duration and severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FAB shows promise as a method of screening for frontal lobe dysfunction in ALS, as it is not only quick and easy, but also reliable. Additional studies should examine how FAB performance changes as ALS progresses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Su-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jee-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Kwang-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoon-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult