title: Multidrug resistant Salmonella Concord is a major cause of salmonellosis in children in Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S. Concord in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the aetiology of febrile and diarrhoeic illness in Ethiopian children focussing on Salmonella.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric patients (n = 1,225) presenting with diarrhoea or fever from the paediatric outpatient department of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa (n = 825), and Jimma University Hospital, South West Ethiopia (n = 400), were investigated for pathogens from January to August 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parasites were detected in 337 cases, Salmonella in 65, and Shigella in 61. Serotyping of Salmonella (including 48 stored isolates) demonstrated the dominance of S. Concord:  S. Concord (85), S. Typhimurium (7), S. Paratyphi B (2), S. Haifa (1), S. Typhi (2),  S. Enteritidis (4), S. Butantan (2), S. Infantis (1), S. Pomona (1), Salmonella group M (28:y:-)  (1), and S. Oskarshamn (1). Six isolates in serogroups B and D were untypeable. Of 81 S. Concord isolates, 30% were invasive, most (86.5%) were positive for ESBL production by E-test and 70% were multiply resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethaxole, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, of which over one quarter (27%) also showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multi-drug resistant S. Concord was the major cause of salmonellosis in two regions of Ethiopia. The strain isolated was highly invasive, highly antibiotic-resistant, and represents a threat to heath care globally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Jimma, University, Ethiopia. rgetenet@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Getenet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beyene
authors.forename: Satheesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asrat
authors.forename: Yohannes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mengistu
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engers
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents