title: Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) mediated the efficacy to curcumin treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) plays an important role in the therapeutic treatment and progression of cancer. However, little is known about the effect of GRP78 expression to curcumin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we generated GRP78 knockdown cells (GRP78KD) by a short interfering RNA (siRNA) technique. The antiproliferation effects of curcumin were determined by MTT assay, TUNEL assay, and cell cycle determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that GRP78KD cells were more resistant to curcumin treatment compared with the parental cells in MTT assay. The apoptosis cell population was increased in scrambled-siRNA cells treated with curcumin compared with GRP78KD cells in cell cycle distribution and TUNEL assays. Finally, we found that knocking down GRP78 causes resistance to curcumin treatment through the suppression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the expression level of GRP78 may contribute to the therapeutic effect of curcumin on HCC cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Cheng-Jeng
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Li-Jen
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Po-Li
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hung-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Tsan-Zon
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chen-Jei
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Yuan-Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chih-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ming-Te
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D003474:Curcumin