title: Relationship between work-home conflicts and burnout among American surgeons: a comparison by sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate differences in burnout and career satisfaction between men and women surgeons and to determine the relationships among personal factors, professional characteristics, and work-home conflicts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study, with data gathered through a survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the American College of Surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Burnout and career satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of approximately 24,922 surgeons sampled, 1043 women and 6815 men returned surveys (31.5% response rate). Women surgeons were younger, less likely to be married, less likely to be divorced, and less likely to have children (all P < .001). No differences between women and men in hours worked or number of nights on call per week were observed. Women surgeons were more likely to believe that child-rearing had slowed their career advancement (57.3% vs 20.2%; P < .001), to have experienced a conflict with their spouse's/partner's career (52.6% vs 41.2%; P < .001), and to have experienced a work-home conflict in the past 3 weeks (62.2% vs 48.5%; P < .001). More women than men surgeons had burnout (43.3% vs 39.0%; P = .01) and depressive symptoms (33.0% vs 29.5%; P = .02). Factors independently associated with burnout on multivariate analysis were generally similar for men and women and included recent experience of a work-home conflict, resolving the most recent work-home conflict in favor of work, and hours worked per week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work-home conflicts appear to be a major contributor to surgeon burnout and are more common among women surgeons. Although the factors contributing to burnout were remarkably similar among women and men surgeons, the women were more likely to experience work-home conflicts than were their male colleagues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. dyrbye.liselotte@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Liselotte N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Dyrbye
authors.forename: Tait D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Shanafelt
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Balch
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Satele
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freischlag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*