title: Intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of individualized repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis) on visual acuity and central foveal thickness in patients with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) associated with various ocular inflammatory clinical entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional, and observational case series. Sixteen eyes of 15 consecutive patients diagnosed with inflammatory CNV treated with repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab were evaluated. The underlying diagnoses were toxoplasmosis (n = 4), serpiginous choroidopathy (n = 2), punctate inner choroidopathy (n = 5), multifocal choroiditis (MFC, n = 3), and scleroderma (n = 2). All patients underwent monthly optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and fluorescein angiography/indocyanine green angiography every 1 month after every injection and then every 3 months. Optical coherence tomography scans and fluorescein angiography were performed by the same experienced physician. Repeated intravitreal injections were performed when persistent/recurrent fluid on OCT and/or signs of active CNV on angiography were present. Changes in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity and central foveal thickness were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up time was 70.4 ± 24 weeks (17.6 months; range, 44-116 weeks [11-29 months]). The mean number of injections performed was 2.3, and the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 55 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.9 ± 0.4 [mean ± SD]) at baseline to 70.3 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.6 ± 0.4) at the end of the follow-up, a statistically significant change compared with baseline (P < 0.0001). The mean letter gain was 15.3 letters, and best-corrected visual acuity improved in 14 of 16 patients (88%) and remained stable in 2 patients (12.5%) without any patient demonstrating deterioration. The mean central foveal thickness (although not excessively increased at baseline) improved from 285 ± 20 μm at baseline to 233 ± 21 μm (statistically significant compared with baseline, P < 0.0001) at the end of the follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, all patients demonstrated CNV regression, and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy surrounding the regressed CNV was developed in 11 of the 16 eyes (68.8%). During the same period, no CNV recurrence was observed and no injection-related complications such as cataract, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, or exacerbation of uveitis were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our findings suggest that intravitreal injections of ranibizumab have shown promising results in visual acuity improvement and a decrease in macular thickness in patients with inflammatory CNV. Of course, further studies are needed to confirm the exact benefit and standardize the optimal treatment regimen.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouvas
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Douvali
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ntouraki
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vergados
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Georgalas
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Markomichelakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069579:Ranibizumab