title: Optimizing the extraction, separation and quantification of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in human plasma with CE-ESI-TOF-MS using cationic-coated capillaries.
abstract: In this study, the extraction and CE-ESI-TOF-MS analysis of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine and norclomipramine in human plasma has been optimized. The CE capillaries were modified with ω-iodo-alkyl ammonium salt (M7C4I coating) to reduce analyte adsorption to the silica wall. The use of a strong cation exchange (SCX) solid-phase extraction (SPE) column specifically designed for the extraction of basic drug species from biofluids gave very clean extracts with high and reproducible recoveries. The extraction recoveries were ranging between 87 and 91% with % RSD values of 0.5-1.7% (n=3). The obtained strong cation exchange-SPE extracts of the TCA in human plasma only contained the analytes of interest. The optimized CE separation conditions were obtained by adding ACN and acetic acid to the sample while using an aqueous BGE. The CE-ESI-TOF-MS analysis was performed within 6 min for all TCA analytes under the optimized condition with peak efficiencies up to 1.4 x 10⁵  plates/m and an average % RSD of the migration times of the analytes of 0.3% (n=5). The presented method can readily be used for the extraction and quantification of basic drug species in human biological fluids and in pharmaceutical formulations.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elhamili
authors.forename: Jörgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wetterhall
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002412:Cations; D003984:Dibenzazepines / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D002412:Cations; D003984:Dibenzazepines; C032159:acetonitrile