title: Interleukin-6 and the matrix metalloproteinase response in the vitreous during proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the levels of IL-6 in the vitreous of patients with RRD complicated with PVR and correlate the IL-6 levels with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1,-2,-3,-8,-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 with respect to RRD extent, duration and PVR grade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight vitreous samples from 28 eyes of 28 patients with RRD complicated with PVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional study. Twenty-eight vitreous samples from 28 eyes of 28 patients with RRD complicated with PVR were collected during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and were compared to vitreous control samples. IL-6, MMP-1,-3,-8 and TIMP-1 levels were measured using ELISA while enzymatic activity of MMP-2, and -9 was determined employing gelatin zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein IL-6 (p=0.030), MMP-1 (p=0.003), MMP-3 (p=0.003), TIMP-1 (p=0.001) levels as well as enzymatic activity of proMMP-9 (p=0.013), MMP-9 (p=0.017) and proMMP-2 (p=0.010), were significantly increased in PVR patients as compared to controls. IL-6 levels correlated with MMP-1 (p=0.002), proMMP-2 (p=0.006), MMP-3 (p=0.001) and TIMP-1 (p=0.006). Regression analysis revealed positive correlations between IL-6 and all MMPs and TIMP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking into account the previously established effect of interleukins in MMP activity, the findings of this study suggest a role of IL-6 in MMP stimulation during PVR development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chrysanthos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Symeonidis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papakonstantinou
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Androudi
authors.forename: Tryfon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rotsos
authors.forename: Eudoxia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diza
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brazitikos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karakiulakis
authors.forename: Stavros A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dimitrakos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases