title: Advance care planning in advanced cancer: can it be achieved? An exploratory randomized patient preference trial of a care planning discussion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the effectiveness of advance care planning in the United Kingdom, although policy documents recommend that it should be available to all those with life-limiting illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exploratory patient preference randomized controlled trial of advance care planning discussions with an independent mediator (maximum three sessions) was conducted in London outpatient oncology clinics and a nearby hospice. Seventy-seven patients (mean age 62 years, 39 male) with various forms of recurrent progressive cancer participated, and 68 (88%) completed follow-up at 8 weeks. Patients completed visual analogue scales assessing perceived ability to discuss end-of-life planning with healthcare professionals or family and friends (primary outcome), happiness with the level of communication, and satisfaction with care, as well as a standardized measure of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients (51%) showed preference for the intervention. Discussions with professionals or family and friends about the future increased in the intervention arms, whether randomized or preference, but happiness with communication was unchanged or worse, and satisfaction with services decreased. Trial participation did not cause significant anxiety or depression and attrition was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A randomized trial of advance care planning is possible. This study provides new evidence on its acceptability and effectiveness for patients with advanced cancer.
authors.affiliation: Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Unit, Research Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St., London, UK. l.jones@medsch.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Cate A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tookman
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D057240:Patient Preference; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom