title: Managing hepatitis B/HIV co-infected: adding entecavir to truvada (tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine) experienced patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combination emtricitabine (FTC) or lamivudine (LAM) with tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) is the recommended first-line regime for treatment in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HIV co-infection. However, in those failing to suppress, few data exist regarding further management. In HBV/HIV co-infection, there are no published data describing outcomes when entecavir (ETV) is then added to TDF-based regimes in patients no longer suppressing their HBV. We report the first series of patients using ETV with truvada-based HAART in HBV/HIV co-infected patients with previous HBV therapy failure, including inadequate suppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen HIV/HBV co-infected patients (all male, hepatitis B e antigen positive and hepatitis B e antibody negative) were commenced on ETV in addition to background truvada. All patients were previously exposed to LAM or FTC and TDF (median 53 months, range 6−123). Seven patients had LAM monotherapy prior to TDF/LAM or FTC combination; the remaining six patients were exposed to FTC or LAM and TDF combination. Median time of follow-up was 74 weeks (range 16−159) and median HBV decline was 2.53 log(10) IU/ml (range 1.28−7.36). Thirty-eight percent of patients achieved undetectable HBV DNA level by the end of the study and eight of 13 (62%) achieved normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels with median reduction −28 U/l (range −152 to 37). TDF was stopped in one patient because of renal toxicity. ETV was well tolerated with no change of estimated glomerular filtration rate during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entecavir can be considered in addition to TDF/FTC in HBV/HIV co-infected treatment-experienced patients failing to fully suppress their HBV viral load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, North Manchester General, Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Libuše
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
authors.forename: Michael B J
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Beadsworth
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vilar
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D006147:Guanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000068698:Tenofovir; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C413685:entecavir; D006147:Guanine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine