title: A tale of pseudo tail.
abstract: METHODS
  A case report.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report on an interesting case of a symptomatic human pseudo tail in a 7-year-old girl, who had a lordotic deformity of the coccyx due to partial segmentation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Caudal appendages are uncommon congenital malformations classified into two categories, true tails and pseudo tails, usually treated by surgical resection. Protrusion of the coccygeal vertebrae is considered the most common cause of pseudo tail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Summary of the surgical management, as well as an x-ray film of the coccyx 8 years postoperatively, is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total resection of the coccyx was successfully performed and all preoperative complaints of the patient were resolved shortly after the surgery. Follow-up 8 years later revealed regrowth of a small coccygeal bone, in normal alignment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Segmentation failure of the coccyx vertebrae may lead to an abnormal position of the coccyx that may interfere with daily life and therefore require coccygectomy. A newly developed coccygeal bone, in normal alignment, may be present at site after several years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Poria Medical Center, Tiberias, Israel. k_hamoud@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamoud
authors.forename: Janan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003050:Coccyx / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed