title: Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage: what radiologists need to know.
abstract: Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage (SPH), also known as Wünderlich's syndrome, is a rare urological emergency. This article reviews the most common causes of SPH and the role of imaging in establishing the correct diagnosis and in guiding the appropriate therapy. A thorough understanding of underlying etiologies, imaging appearances, optimal imaging techniques, and follow-up protocols are crucial to recognize patients with SPH due to benign disease and avoid unnecessary nephrectomies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX 79905, USA. jesus.diaz@ttuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Jesus R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Demetrios J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Agriantonis
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguila
authors.forename: Jesus E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Calleros
authors.forename: Anoop P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ayyappan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006406:Hematoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media