title: Active anterior rhinomanometry in paediatrics. Normality criteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active anterior rhinomanometry with a face mask was used to establish the lower age limit for application of the technique, define normality reference standards, and determine the most appropriate pressure for referencing the nasal resistance values.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 409 children of both sexes and aged 5-14 years were studied. The subjects were selected from among healthy children in two primary care centres and one school. The Rhinospir 164 rhinomanometer was used for the tests. Rhinomanometry was performed according to the guidelines of the International Committee on Standardization of Rhinomanometry. The SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used for the analysis of the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study sample was divided into five age groups involving intervals of two years from 5 to 14 years of age, and four body surface groups. The dependent variables studied (resistances and flows at pressure differences of 75 and 100) showed significantly different mean values according to age and body surface. All the mean ratios were over 1.4 units, i.e., the measures of each variable on one side and the other differed between 40% and 44%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1.- The lower age limit for rhinomanometry is five years. 2.- The most appropriate pressures for referencing the resistance and flow values are 75 and 100. 3.- The reference standards are established with respect to total resistance and according to subject age and body surface.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud de Alzira, Valencia, Spain. juancarlosjulia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Juliá
authors.forename: M Enriqueta
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Burchés
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martorell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012015:Reference Standards; D025363:Rhinomanometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012574:Schools; D013030:Spain