title: Carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tract: report of four cases.
abstract: Carcinoid tumors located in the biliary tree are exceedingly rare, accounting for 0.2%-2% of all gastrointestinal carcinoids. This study describes four cases of carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Four carcinoid tumors arising in the common bile duct (Case 1, 59-year-old man), gallbladder (Case 2, 49-year-old man; Case 3, 65-year-old man), and ampulla of Vater (Case 4, 52-year-old woman) were studied. All of the cases were misdiagnosed before surgery as proximal bile duct cancer, stomach cancer with liver metastasis, gallbladder cancer, and adenocarcinoma of ampulla of Vater, respectively. The clinicopathological characteristics and clinical course were reviewed. Treatment depends on the location of the tumor and the extent of the disease. Aggressive surgical therapy with a curative intention therefore offers the only chance for cure and has to be considered whenever possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyeong Geun
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seung Sam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Hwon Kyum
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed