title: Detection and quantification of spoilage and pathogenic Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis by real-time PCR.
abstract: A new primer-probe set for the detection and quantification of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis by real-time PCR (Rti-PCR) was developed. For it, forty-eight strains belonging to these species were considered. The DNA of these strains was isolated and a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene amplified. The amplicons were sequenced and the obtained sequences were aligned with reference sequences from the GenBank. For the development of the Real-Time PCR (RTi-PCR) methodology based on TaqMan probes, a primer pair and probe, specific for the studied Bacillus spp., were designed. To establish the quantification method, two RTi-PCR standard curves were constructed; one with DNA extracted from a serially-diluted B. cereus culture and a second curve with DNA extracted from a sterilised food product inoculated with serial dilutions of B. cereus. The curves exhibited R(2) values of 0.9969 and 0.9958 respectively. Linear correlations between the log(10) input DNA concentration and the threshold cycle (Ct) values were observed with a magnitude of linearity in the range of 1.65 × 10(1) CFU/mL to 1.65 × 10(6) CFU/mL for both standard curves. The specificity of the designed primers and probe was tested with DNA extracted from B. cereus, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis strains, which gave Ct values between 14 and 15, whereas non-specific amplifications of the DNA from other microbial species of food interest exhibited a Ct value above 28.5. To our knowledge, this method represents the first study about the quantification of spoilage and/or pathogenic B. cereus, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis in food products, with the aim to prevent the presence of these undesirable species in the food chain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Carballo Calero s/n, Campus Universitario Norte, E-27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Fernández-No
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guarddon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Böhme
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cepeda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calo-Mata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barros-Velázquez
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005784:Gene Amplification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S