title: Low molecular mass thiols, disulfides and protein mixed disulfides in rat tissues: influence of sample manipulation, oxidative stress and ageing.
abstract: Most of the data in studies investigating the contribution of oxidative stress to some human diseases and to ageing derive from measurements carried out in blood, on the basis of the assumption that any alteration of the hematic thiol/disulfide balance should reflect a corresponding alteration in other less accessible tissues. But it is evident that the information that can be gleaned from a direct analysis in specific tissues is largely greater. Nevertheless, the accurate measurement of disulfides is frequently hampered by the artifactual oxidation occurring during sample manipulation as a consequence of the presence of heme-proteins. Therefore, the levels of disulfide forms of low molecular mass thiols in tissues are still poorly investigated, even if their measurements could represent a powerful index of the oxidative status. Here we have used an artifact-free procedure to measure low molecular mass thiols and their disulfides in different rat tissues. Our findings suggest that disulfides are a reliable biomarker of even slight oxidative damage. In tissues of aged rats we observed that either oxidative stress or glutathione depletion alone can occur in different tissues during ageing. Interestingly, among the investigated thiols, only homocysteine showed a tendency to increase in some organs with ageing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 4, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giustarini
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dalle-Donne
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milzani
authors.forename: Ranieri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D015415:Biomarkers; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004220:Disulfides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006418:Heme; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen