title: Dislocation/separation injuries among US high school athletes in 9 selected sports: 2005-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemiology of dislocations/separations in a nationally representative sample of high school student-athletes participating in 9 sports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiologic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sports injury data for the 2005-2009 academic years were collected using an Internet-based injury surveillance system, Reporting Information Online (RIO).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative sample of 100 US high schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injuries sustained as a function of sport and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dislocation/separation rates, body site, outcome, surgery, and mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dislocations/separations represented 3.6% (n = 755) of all injuries. The most commonly injured body sites were the shoulder (54.9%), wrist/hand (16.5%), and knee (16.0%); 18.4% of dislocations/separations were recurrences of previous injuries at the same body site; 32.3% of injuries were severe (ie, student-athletes unable to return to play within 3 weeks of the injury date), and 11.8% required surgical repair. The most common mechanisms of injury were contact with another player (52.4%) and contact with the playing surface (26.4%). Injury rates varied by sport. In gender-comparable sports, few variations in patterns of injury existed. Rates were highest in football (2.10 per 10 000 athletic exposures) and wrestling (1.99) and lowest in baseball (0.24) and girls' soccer (0.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although dislocation/separation injuries represent a relatively small proportion of all injuries sustained by high school student-athletes, the severity of these injuries indicates a need for enhanced injury prevention efforts. Developing effective targeted preventive measures depends on increasing our knowledge of dislocation/separation rates, patterns, and risk factors among high school athletes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pommering
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: R Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Comstock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013177:Sports; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology