title: Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of newly synthesized fucoidan-coated nanoparticles.
abstract: The aim was to synthesize and characterize fucoidan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by anionic emulsion polymerization (AEP) and by redox radical emulsion polymerization (RREP) of isobutylcyanoacrylate using fucoidan as a new coating material. The nanoparticles were characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro on J774 macrophage and NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Cellular uptake of labeled nanoparticles was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that both methods were suitable to prepare stable formulations of fucoidan-coated PIBCA nanoparticles. Stable dispersions of nanoparticles were obtained by AEP with up to 100% fucoidan as coating material. By the RREP method, stable suspensions of nanoparticles were obtained with only up to 25% fucoidan in a blend of polysaccharide composed of dextran and fucoidan. The zeta potential of fucoidan-coated nanoparticles was decreased depending on the percentage of fucoidan. It reached the value of -44 mV for nanoparticles prepared by AEP with 100% of fucoidan. Nanoparticles made by AEP appeared more than four times more cytotoxic (IC(50) below 2 μg/mL) on macrophages J774 than nanoparticles made by RREP (IC(50) above 9 μg/mL). In contrast, no significant difference in cytotoxicity was highlighted by incubation of the nanoparticles with a fibroblast cell line. On fibroblasts, both types of nanoparticles showed similar cytotoxicity. Confocal fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that all types of nanoparticles were taken up by both cell lines. The distribution of the fluorescence in the cells varied greatly with the type of nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Santos-Magalhães
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marsaud
authors.forename: M P C
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponchel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vauthier
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004655:Emulsions; D004659:Enbucrilate; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005453:Fluorescence; D005562:Formazans / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D000459:Phaeophyceae; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D058105:Polymerization; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D005562:Formazans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C079782:MTT formazan; C007789:fucoidan; D004659:Enbucrilate