title: [Technical innovations and limitation in cardiac electrotherapy].
abstract: Coronary sinus (CS) lead positioning is one of the main determinants of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The implantation of the CS lead is faced with several technical difficulties that may prevent the achievement of a stable position and good performance of the CS lead without phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). New developments in catheter and lead technology to overcome these difficulties are presented.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin/Kardiologie, Oberhavel-Kliniken, Marwitzer Str. 91, 16761, Hennigsdorf, Deutschland. minden@oberhavel-kliniken.de
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Minden
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000639:trends*; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005544:Forecasting; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*