title: Isolation, characterization and antifungal activity of major constituents of the Himalayan lichen Parmelia reticulata Tayl.
abstract: Antifungal activity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Parmelia reticulata was evaluated against soilborne pathogenic fungi, namely, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, R. bataticola, Fusarium udum, Pythium aphanidermatum and P. debaryanum by poisoned food technique. Maximum antifungal activity was exhibited by hexane and ethyl acetate extracts against most of the test pathogens. Secondary metabolites, namely, (±)-isousnic acid, (±)-protolichesterinic acid, atranorin, evernyl, ethyl hematommate, ethyl orsellinate, methyl hematommate (3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid methyl ester), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-8-methyl-xanthen-9-one, baeomycesic acid and salazinic acid, were isolated from the above extracts and identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. When these metabolites were tested for antifungal activity against test pathogens, maximum antifungal activity was exhibited by (±)-protolichesterinic acid against R. solani (ED50=23.09 μg mL(-1)) and P. debaryanum (ED50=16.07 μg mL(-1)) and by atranorin against S. rolfsii (ED50=39.70 μg mL(-1)). The antifungal activity of protolichesterinic acid was found to be comparable to that of hexaconazole, a commercial fungicide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India.
authors.forename: Mayurika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dureja
authors.forename: Archna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Prem L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Uniyal
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laatsch
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007194:India; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial