title: Stochastic electrochemistry with electrocatalytic nanoparticles at inert ultramicroelectrodes--theory and experiments.
abstract: Collisions of several kinds of metal or metal oxide single nanoparticles (NPs) with a less catalytic electrode surface have been observed through amplification of the current by electrocatalysis. Two general types of current response, a current staircase or a current blip (or spike) are seen with particle collisions. The current responses were caused by random individual events as a function of time rather than the usual continuous current caused by an ensemble of a large number of events. The treatment of stochastic electrochemistry like single NP collisions is different from the usual model for ensemble-based electrochemical behaviour. Models for the observed responses are discussed, including simulations, and the frequency of the steps or blips investigated for several systems experimentally.
authors.affiliation: Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Seong Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fu-Ren F
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Vasily
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vorobyev
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bard