title: Preconception steroid treatment in infertile women with antithyroid autoimmunity undergoing ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination: a double-blind, randomized, prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the role of a steroid pretreatment on the pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcomes in patients positive for antithyroid antibodies who were undergoing induction of ovulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized, prospective cohort study was conducted on infertile women who met the following criteria: infertility for ≥ 1 year, age 20-38 years, no more than 2 previous assisted reproduction treatment cycles, regular spontaneous menstrual cycles, no treatments 1 month before recruitment, normal uterine cavity, and bilateral tubal patency. The patients were divided into 2 groups: a study group of infertile women with antithyroid autoimmunity (radioimmunoassay positive with titer >100 U/mL) and a control group of infertile women without antithyroid autoimmunity. The patients with antithyroid autoimmunity were randomly assigned in a blinded manner to an intervention group treated with prednisone (administered orally for 4 weeks before IUI) or a group given matching placebo. The primary objective was to compare the pregnancy and miscarriage rates among all 3 the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 98 infertile women: 48 with antithyroid autoimmunity (antibody positive) and 50 without antithyroid autoimmunity (antibody negative). The study groups were comparable for baseline characteristics (age, race, body mass index, hormonal pattern, number of smokers, previous miscarriage). In the antithyroid antibody-positive group, the pregnancy rate was 33.3% (8/24) among women treated with prednisone compared with 8.4% (2/24) among women who received placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 5.5; 95% CI, 1.13-25.76; P = 0.03). In the antibody-negative group, the pregnancy rate was 8.0% (4/50). Among the pregnancies, the miscarriage rate was 70% (7/10) versus 75% (3/4) for women with or without antithyroid antibodies, respectively (P = NS); the miscarriage rate was 75% (6/8) for women treated with prednisone versus 50% (1/2) for women taking placebo (P = 0.49). No adverse effects were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small cohort study of infertile women with antithyroid antibodies undergoing induction of ovulation and IUI, prophylactic therapy with prednisone was associated with a significantly higher rate of pregnancy compared with placebo. The miscarriage rate was not significantly different among the 3 groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turi
authors.forename: Stefano Raffaele
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Giannubilo
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanconi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mascetti
authors.forename: Andrea Luigi
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tranquilli
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D016742:Preconception Care / Q000379:methods*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone