title: Verification of monitor unit calculations for non-IMRT clinical radiotherapy: report of AAPM Task Group 114.
abstract: The requirement of an independent verification of the monitor units (MU) or time calculated to deliver the prescribed dose to a patient has been a mainstay of radiation oncology quality assurance. The need for and value of such a verification was obvious when calculations were performed by hand using look-up tables, and the verification was achieved by a second person independently repeating the calculation. However, in a modern clinic using CT/MR/PET simulation, computerized 3D treatment planning, heterogeneity corrections, and complex calculation algorithms such as convolution/superposition and Monte Carlo, the purpose of and methodology for the MU verification have come into question. In addition, since the verification is often performed using a simpler geometrical model and calculation algorithm than the primary calculation, exact or almost exact agreement between the two can no longer be expected. Guidelines are needed to help the physicist set clinically reasonable action levels for agreement. This report addresses the following charges of the task group: (1) To re-evaluate the purpose and methods of the "independent second check" for monitor unit calculations for non-IMRT radiation treatment in light of the complexities of modern-day treatment planning. (2) To present recommendations on how to perform verification of monitor unit calculations in a modern clinic. (3) To provide recommendations on establishing action levels for agreement between primary calculations and verification, and to provide guidance in addressing discrepancies outside the action levels. These recommendations are to be used as guidelines only and shall not be interpreted as requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. robin.stern@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: S Murty
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goddu
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Kwok Leung
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molineu
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003201:Computers; D006801:Humans; D010825:Physics; D011786:Quality Control; D011874:Radiometry; D016634:Radiosurgery; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D058028:Research Report; D012952:Societies; D014481:United States