title: Interactive effects of antioxidant genes and air pollution on respiratory function and airway disease: a HuGE review.
abstract: Susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution varies between individuals. Although some evidence suggests higher susceptibility for subjects carrying variants of antioxidant genes, findings from gene-pollution interaction studies conflict in terms of the presence and direction of interactions. The authors conducted a systematic review on antioxidant gene-pollution interactions which included 15 studies, with 12 supporting the presence of interactions. For the glutathione S-transferase M1 gene (GSTM1) (n=10 studies), only 1 study found interaction with the null genotype alone, although 5 observed interactions when GSTM1 was evaluated jointly with other genes (mainly NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1)). All studies on the glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val polymorphism (n=11) provided some evidence of interaction, but findings conflicted in terms of risk allele. Results were negative for glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) (n=3) and positive for heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) (n=2). Meta-analysis could not be performed because there were insufficient data available for any specific gene-pollutant-outcome combination. Overall the evidence supports the presence of gene-pollution interactions, although which pollutant interacts with which gene is unclear. However, issues regarding multiple testing, selective reporting, and publication bias raise the possibility of false-positive findings. Larger studies with greater accuracy of pollution assessment and improved quality of conduct and reporting are required.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, EURAC Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. cosetta.minelli@eurac.edu
authors.forename: Cosetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minelli
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Gurdeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sagoo
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Seif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; C447479:NQO1 protein, human; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human