title: The effect of consuming meat enriched in walnut paste on platelet aggregation and thrombogenesis varies in volunteers with different apolipoprotein A4 genotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low-fat meat (LM) has been considered adequate under a cardiovascular disease point of view. Meat enriched in walnut paste (WM) consumption produces beneficial antithrombogenic effects but with striking inter-individual variability that may be related to gene polymorphism. Variants in the APOA4 gene (APOA4) polymorphism are known to affect the cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to compare the effects of consumption of WM and LM on platelet aggregation, production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), and the TXA2/PGI2 ratio in 22 volunteers with different APOA4 polymorphism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six volunteers carried the Gln allele (APOA4-2) while 16 were homozygous for the His allele (APOA4-1). Platelet aggregation, TXA2 (measured as TXB2), PGI2 (measured as 6-keto-PGF1α), and the thrombogenic ratio (TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α) were determined at baseline and at weeks 3 and 5 for the WM and LM dietary periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platelet aggregation decreased significantly (P<0.05) more in APOA4-1 than in APOA4-2 volunteers at 3-wk WM period, while TXB2 levels dropped more in APOA4-2 than in APOA4-1 volunteers at 5-wk WM period. TXB2 levels and the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio decreased significantly more (P<0.05) after 5 wk treatment in APOA4-2 than in APOA4-1 carriers on the WM diet than on the LM counterpart. However, 6-keto-PGF1α levels increased more (P<0.05) in APOA4-1 than in APOA4-2 volunteers after the 5-wk WM period than after the 5-wk LM diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present results suggest that consumption of WM with respect to LM decrease the thrombogenic risk more in Gln carriers than in His/His.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benedi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Librelotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nus
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Muniz
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D031324:Juglans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000097:blood; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D004247:DNA; D011464:Epoprostenol