title: Gender differences in pain modulation by a sweet stimulus in adults: A randomized study.
abstract: This study aimed to examine whether or not there are gender differences in sweet stimulus-induced analgesia for cold pain in adults. In a randomized cross-over design, twenty men and 20 women held either a 24% sucrose solution or distilled water in their mouth before and while they immersed their hand in cold water and their pain response was examined. Unlike the women, when the men held the sucrose solution in their mouth, the latency of the onset of pain significantly increased, compared with the distilled water. Meanwhile, the level of pain tolerance was not significantly different for both sexes. The findings reveal that the analgesic effect of a sweet stimulus on the pain threshold is influenced by gender differences in human adults, indicating that sweet stimulus-induced analgesia has a brief analgesic effect, particularly for men. Although more research is warranted, the sweet stimulus could be put to practical application as an adjunct to acute pain management for men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki; Division of Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakeda
authors.forename: Toshizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006225:Hand; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose