title: Congenital submitral aneurysm with rupture into the left atrium: assessment by 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: We describe two cases of congenital submitral aneurysms (SMAs) in which three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) proved useful to define the spatial extent of these aneurysms. In both cases, rupture into the left atrium was accurately delineated. 3D TEE was useful in case 1 as it depicted the precise site of rupture into the left atrium as well as pseudoprolapse of the P2 segment of the mitral valve. In case 2 it also localized the rupture into the left atrium in relation to the annulus to be adjacent to the anterolateral commissure. In addition, a cleft between the A1 and A2 scallops were identified and together with failure of the leaflets to coapt enabled the mechanisms contributing to the mitral regurgitation to be elucidated. Thus, imaging from the left atrial perspective using 3D TEE provided superior spatial anatomical delineation of the rupture and its relationship to the mitral valve, as well as accurate anatomical definition of the mitral leaflets. This information provides added benefit to the surgeon in planning a transatrial surgical repair of the SMAs. 3D TEE is superior to conventional 2D TEE in defining the spatial anatomy of SMAs as well as the mechanisms contributing to mitral regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. ferande.peters@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ferande
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Rafique
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Essop
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012421:Rupture; D055815:Young Adult