title: Psychosocial outcomes in children with hemifacial microsomia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) have higher risk for psychosocial problems than children without HFM.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-six children with HFM (64% male, mean age = 6.9 years) were compared to 568 matched controls (50% male, mean age = 7.0 years) on parent and teacher measures of behavior problems and social competence, and teacher rankings of peer acceptance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents of cases and controls reported similar levels of behavior problems and social competence. Teachers reported higher frequencies of internalizing problems, lower social competence and less peer acceptance for cases. Relative to controls, teacher-rated outcomes were worse for female cases, those with younger mothers at the time of birth, those with eye anomalies, and those with one or more malformations in addition to the core features of HFM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first evidence of relatively poor psychosocial outcomes among children with HFM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, WA, USA. lynettedufton@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lynette M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dufton
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Speltz
authors.forename: Judith P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.forename: Brent R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Collett
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Werler
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000523:psychology*; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support