title: Parenteral nutrition of preterm infants with a lipid emulsion containing 10% fish oil: effect on plasma lipids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare plasma lipids in preterm infants given a new lipid emulsion containing 10% fish oil, 50% medium-chain triacylglycerols, and 40% soybean oil, compared with a standard preparation containing 50:50 medium-chain triacylglycerols: soybean oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants weighing <1250 g at birth (n=47) were randomly assigned to receive parenteral nutrition with a fish oil lipid (n=23) or soybean oil (n=24). Plasma lipid classes and plasma and red blood cell fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography in cord blood and on postnatal days 7 and 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 7, the infants receiving fish oil lipid had significantly lower plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol but similar triglyceride concentrations. They also had significantly higher phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (2.77 ± 0.08 versus 2.46 ± 0.01 mol%, P<.01) and eicosapentaenoic acid (1.58 ± 0.01 versus 0.25 ± 0.01 mol%, P<.01) as well as lower arachidonic acid (10.64 ± 0.29 versus 11.93 ± 0.29 mol%, P<.01) compared with those receiving soybean oil. Similar differences were found in red blood cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fish oil lipid emulsion was well tolerated, and infants receiving fish oil had lower plasma lipids and improved fatty acids status. The effect of these changes on inflammation, growth, and neurodevelopment should be explored.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi's Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Ascenzo
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Egidio
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bellagamba
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pompilio
authors.forename: Paola Elisa
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.forename: Paola Elena
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.forename: Virgilio Paolo
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Carnielli
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D001663:Bilirubin