title: Anti-nociceptive effects of Carpolobia lutea G. Don (Polygalaceae) leaf fractions in animal models.
abstract: Leaves from Carpolobia lutea (Polygalaceae) were screened to establish the antiulcer ethnomedicinal claim and to quantitatively isolate, elucidate the active compounds by semi-preparative HPLC. The anti-nociceptive effects of Carpolobia lutea (CL) G. Don (Polygalaceae) organic leaf extracts were tested in experimental models in mice. The anti-nociceptive mechanism was determined using tail-flick test, acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions, formalin-induced hind paw licking and the hot plate test. The fractions (ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane) and crude ethyl acetate extract of CL (770 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant inhibitions of both phases of the formalin-induced pain in mice, a reduction in acetic acid-induced writhing as well as and an elevation of the pain threshold in the hot plate test in mice. The inhibitions were greater to those produced by indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Ethyl acetate fraction revealed cinnamic and coumaric acids derivatives, which are described for the first time in literature. These cinnamalglucosides polyphenols characterised from CL may in part account for the pharmacological activities. These findings confirm its ethnomedical use in anti-inflammatory pain and in pains from gastric ulcer-associated symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. menelucky@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lucky Lebgosi
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nwidu
authors.forename: Paul Alozie
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nwafor
authors.forename: Viviane Cândida
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Clenilson Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Lourdes Campaner
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.forename: Ricardo Luiz
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nunes-de-Souza
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009549:Nigeria; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D029608:Polygalaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002934:Cinnamates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C029010:cinnamic acid