title: Is there a pelvic organ prolapse threshold that predicts bladder outflow obstruction?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there is a cutpoint of anterior vaginal wall prolapse which predicts bladder outflow obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with and without bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) were identified. Baseline characteristics, urodynamics, and exam findings were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven women with BOO were compared to 115 women without BOO. Those with obstruction were significantly older (53.9 vs. 50.0 years, p = 0.015) had higher parity (p = 0.03), significantly smaller maximum bladder capacity (359.0 vs. 426.0 ml, p < 0.0001), and were less likely to leak at smaller volumes (213.0 vs. 109.0 ml, p = 0.006) than those without obstruction. Those with obstruction also had higher measurements on Aa (p = 0.004) and Ba (p = 0.001), though receiver operator curve analysis did not reveal a clear point of anterior prolapse at which bladder outflow obstruction occurs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder outflow obstruction is associated with anterior vaginal wall prolapse, though there is no clear cutpoint of anterior prolapse which predicts obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 N State St IRD 518, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. dancz@usc.edu
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dancz
authors.forename: Begüm
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozel
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics