title: Sustaining GAVI-supported vaccine introductions in resource-poor countries.
abstract: Since 2000, GAVI provided essential support for an unprecedented increase in the use of hepatitis B (HepB) and Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) containing vaccines in resource poor countries. This increase was supported with significant funding from international donors, intended to be time-limited. To assess the sustainability of this important expansion of the global access to vaccines, we reviewed supply chains, financial resources for procurement and decision-making in countries that introduced hepatitis B or Hib vaccines with GAVI support. During the period studied, the types of vaccine products supplied fluctuated rapidly in relationship with the number of suppliers and availability of more combination products. The price of the cheaper vaccines decreased while that of pentavalent DTwP-HepB-Hib remained stable. In average, vaccine introduction was associated with an increase of national programs budget, with new vaccines representing more than half of that increase, while the part of GAVI contributions to the budget went from 25% to 46%. Less than 20% of the vaccine introductions were decided by a national advisory body. Strengthening supply chains, adjusting funding schemes and increasing national ownership will be key to the sustained use of hepatitis B and Hib vaccines and the eventual addition of other important vaccines where they are the most needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 20 Av. Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. ZUBERP@WHO.INT
authors.forename: Patrick L F
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zuber
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El-Ziq
authors.forename: Miloud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaddar
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ottosen
authors.forename: Katinka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirey
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kamara
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duclos
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007391:International Cooperation; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000639:trends*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000600:supply & distribution*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines