title: Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 2. The early life stages of the coral Acropora tenuis.
abstract: The success of early life history transitions of the coral Acropora tenuis were used as endpoints to evaluate thermal stress and the effects of wastewater discharged to a tropical marine environment. The studies assessed the effects of: (i) temperature; (ii) three signature metals of the wastewater, aluminium (Al), vanadium (V) and gallium (Ga); and (iii) the wastewater (at 27°C and 32°C) on fertilisation and larval metamorphosis. The median inhibition temperatures for fertilisation and metamorphosis were 32.8°C and 33.0°C, respectively. Fertilisation IC(50)s for Al, V and Ga were 2997, 2884 and 3430 μg L(-1), respectively. Metamorphosis IC(50)s for Al, V and Ga were 1945, 675 and 3566 μg L(-1), respectively. The wastewater only affected fertilisation and metamorphosis at moderate concentrations (IC(50)s=63% and 67%, v/v, respectively, at 27°C), posing a low risk to this species in the field. The effects of wastewater and temperature on fertilisation and metamorphosis were additive.
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia. a.negri@aims.gov.au
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Harford
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Rick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Dam
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005708:Gallium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D008669:Metallurgy; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014639:Vanadium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014639:Vanadium; D005708:Gallium; D000535:Aluminum