title: Performance of current intensive care unit ventilators during pressure and volume ventilation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intensive-care mechanical ventilators regularly enter the market, but the gas-delivery capabilities of many have never been assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 6 intensive-care ventilators in the pressure support (PS), pressure assist/control (PA/C), and volume assist/control (VA/C) modes, with lung-model mechanics combinations of compliance and resistance of 60 mL/cm H(2)O and 10 cm H(2)O/L/s, 60 mL/cm H(2)O and 5 cm H(2)O/L/s, and 30 mL/cm H(2)O and 10 cm H(2)O/L/s, and inspiratory muscle effort of 5 and 10 cm H(2)O. PS and PA/C were set to 15 cm H(2)O, and PEEP to 5 and 15 cm H(2)O in all modes. During VA/C, tidal volume was set at 500 mL and inspiratory time was set at 0.8 second. Rise time and termination criteria were set at the manufacturers' defaults, and to an optimal level during PS and PA/C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were marked differences in ventilator performance in all 3 modes. VA/C had the greatest difficulty meeting lung model demand and the greatest variability across all tested scenarios and ventilators. From high to low inspiratory muscle effort, pressure-to-trigger, time for pressure to return to baseline, and triggering pressure-time product decreased in all modes. With increasing resistance and decreasing compliance, tidal volume, pressure-to-trigger, time-to-trigger, time for pressure to return to baseline, time to 90% of peak pressure, and pressure-time product decreased. There were large differences between the default and optimal settings for all the variables in PS and PA/C. Performance was not affected by PEEP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the tested ventilators performed at an acceptable level during the majority of evaluations, but some ventilators performed inadequately during specific settings. Bedside clinical evaluation is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sulemanji
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chipman
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kacmarek
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D013990:Tidal Volume; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical