title: Prevalence of banding and bonding molar brackets in orthognathic surgery cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Orthodontic treatment in the orthognathic surgical patient commonly involves banding or bonding of erupted molars. Appliance displacement during surgery is a potentially serious complication. However, limited data exist about the prevalence of banding or bonding and the frequency of appliance failure in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of banding and bonding and appliance failure in a large cohort of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent orthognathic surgery from 2004 to 2006 at Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center were identified, and preoperative and postoperative radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. Study variables included age at time of surgery, gender, date and type of surgery, Angle classification of occlusion, type of orthodontic appliance (band or bond) on erupted molar teeth, and failure as detected from postoperative imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 1,003 patients there was a greater overall prevalence of molar bands (74.3%) than bonds (19.2%) with the vast majority (84.4%) of first molars and fewer (64.2%) second molars having banded appliances. The prevalence of bonded first and second molars was lowest in 2004 and highest in 2006. Appliance failure occurred in 19 patients (1.9%), most often involving maxillary second molars, and all were bonds. Of the 19 failed bonds, 2 were displaced into the mandibular osteotomy site and 1 was displaced into the posterior pharynx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of bonded molars in surgical patients increased from 2004 to 2006. Appliance malfunction occurred most often in bonded maxillary second molars. Although rare, failure and displacement of bonded appliances may have significant consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.forename: José Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Laureano Filho
authors.forename: Aronita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Ryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002508:Cephalometry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult