title: Are the same clinical risk factors relevant for incident diabetes defined by treatment, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare incidences and risk factors for diabetes using seven definitions, with combinations of pharmacological treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L, and HbA(1c) ≥6.5%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants aged 30-65 years from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort were followed for 9 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More men had incident diabetes as defined by FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or treatment than by HbA(1c) ≥6.5% and/or treatment: 7.5% (140/1,867) and 5.3% (99/1,874), respectively (P < 0.009); for women incidences were similar: 3.2% (63/1,958) and 3.4% (66/1,954). Known risk factors predicted diabetes for almost all definitions. Among those with incident diabetes by FPG alone versus HbA(1c) alone, there were more men (78 vs. 35%), case patients were 8 years younger, and fewer were alcohol abstainers (12 vs. 35%) (all P < 0.005). A diabetes risk score discriminated well between those with and without incident diabetes for all definitions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In men, FPG definitions yielded more incident cases of diabetes than HbA(1c) definitions, in contrast with women. An FPG-derived risk score remained relevant for HbA(1c)-defined diabetes.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Over the Lifecourse, U1018, Villejuif, France. beverley.balkau@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balkau
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soulimane
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tichet
authors.forename: Sylviane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin