title: Clinical oral findings in dialysis and kidney-transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral lesions secondary to chronic renal failure or related to immunosuppressive therapy after transplant are reported in the literature, but their prevalence is still obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate oral clinical findings in patients undergoing renal dialysis and renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients treated with dialysis (DL), 33 kidney-transplant (KT) patients, and 37 control (C) patients were examined intraorally. Oral clinical findings were diagnosed and treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 95.6% (44/46) of the DL group, 93.9% (31/33) of KT patients, and 56.7% (21/37) of the control group presented at least one pathological entity in the oral mucosa. A high prevalence of oral lesions, such as saburral tongue and xerostomia, was found in the DL and KT groups. Certain oral lesions demonstrated a predisposition toward one type of group, such as a higher prevalence of metallic taste in the DL group and gingival overgrowth in the KT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of oral lesions was significantly higher in renal patients (DL and KT groups). The most prevalent oral clinical findings were saburral tongue and xerostomia for both groups. Metallic taste was more prevalent in the DL group. Although geographic tongue was more frequent in KT patients and melanin pigmentation in the control group, the number of lesions was low for all groups. In addition, gingival overgrowth was more prevalent in the KT group; however, the difference was not significant (P = .06).
authors.affiliation: Center for Health and Bilogical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Acir José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dirschnabel
authors.forename: Alessandra de Souza
authors.initials: Ade S
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Shirley Aparecida Gonçalves
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Marina de Oliveira
authors.initials: Mde O
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.forename: Ana Maria Trindade
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grégio
authors.forename: Luciana Reis de Azevedo
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Alanis
authors.forename: Sérgio Aparecido
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ignacio
authors.forename: Paula Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Trevilatto
authors.forename: Rafaela Wassoler
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: Antonio Adilson Soares
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Maria Ângela Naval
authors.initials: MÂ
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004408:Dysgeusia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine