title: The surface of evaporated carbon films is an insulating, high-bandgap material.
abstract: The electrical conductance and the optical density of evaporated carbon films are measured as a function of the thickness of the films. The resulting data show that up to a thickness of approximately 4 nm, carbon films are optically transparent and electrically insulating. The same data also suggest that this insulating character persists near to the surface when the overall thickness is further increased. Since a support film with poor surface conductivity is undesirable for many applications in electron microscopy, we suggest that the usefulness of evaporated carbon films in electron microscopy might be further improved by doping or by other methods that improve the electrical conductivity near the surface.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Glaeser
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D049329:Nanostructures; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon