title: Original research: 'how should I touch you?': a qualitative study of attitudes on intimate touch in nursing care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although touch is essential to nursing practice, few studies have investigated patients' preferences for how nurses should perform tasks involving touch, especially intimate touch involving private and sometimes anxiety-provoking areas of patients' bodies. Some studies suggest that patients have more concerns about intimate touch from male than female nurses. This study sought to elicit the attitudes of laypersons on intimate touch provided by nurses in general and male nurses in particular.
  
  
  METHODS
  A maximum-variation sample of 24 adults was selected and semistructured interviews were conducted in four focus groups. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; thematic analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four themes emerged from the interviews: "Communicate with me," "Give me choices," "Ask me about gender," and "Touch me professionally, not too fast and not too slow." Participants said they want to contribute to decisions about whether intimate touch is necessary, and when it is they want information from and rapport with their nurses. Participants varied in their responses to questions on the nurse's gender. They said they want a firm but not rough touch and for nurses to ensure their privacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that nurses and other clinicians who provide intimate care should be more aware of patients' attitudes on touch. Further research on the patient's perspective is warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of Portland School of Nursing, OR, USA. olynn@up.edu.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Lynn
authors.forename: Lorretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krautscheid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009727:Nurses, Male; D057240:Patient Preference; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000451:nursing*; D014110:Touch; D014481:United States