title: Distinctive microRNA signature of medulloblastomas associated with the WNT signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medulloblastoma is a malignant brain tumor that occurs predominantly in children. Current risk stratification based on clinical parameters is inadequate for accurate prognostication. MicroRNA expression is known to be deregulated in various cancers and has been found to be useful in predicting tumor behavior. In order to get a better understanding of medulloblastoma biology, miRNA profiling of medulloblastomas was carried out in parallel with expression profiling of protein-coding genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  miRNA profiling of medulloblastomas was carried out using Taqman Low Density Array v 1.0 having 365 human microRNAs. In parallel, genome-wide expression profiling of protein-coding genes was carried out using Affymetrix gene 1.0 ST arrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the profiling studies identified four molecular subtypes of medulloblastomas. Expression levels of select protein-coding genes and miRNAs could classify an independent set of medulloblastomas. Twelve of 31 medulloblastomas were found to overexpress genes belonging to the canonical WNT signaling pathway and carry a mutation in CTNNB1 gene. A number of miRNAs like miR-193a, miR-224/miR-452 cluster, miR-182/miR-183/miR-96 cluster, and miR-148a having potential tumor/metastasis suppressive activity were found to be overexpressed in the WNT signaling associated medulloblastomas. Exogenous expression of miR-193a and miR-224, two miRNAs that have the highest WNT pathway specific upregulation, was found to inhibit proliferation, increase radiation sensitivity and reduce anchorage-independent growth of medulloblastoma cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression level of tumor/metastasis suppressive miRNAs in the WNT signaling associated medulloblastomas is likely to determine their response to treatment, and thus, these miRNAs would be important biomarkers for risk stratification within the WNT signaling associated medulloblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: Ratika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kunder
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.forename: Aliasgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moiyadi
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Chandrasekhar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mamidipally
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Neelam Vishwanath
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Shirsat
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D051153:Wnt Proteins