title: Cholecystokinin-cholescintigraphy in adults: consensus recommendations of an interdisciplinary panel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholecystokinin-cholescintigraphy (CCK-CS) provides a physiologic, noninvasive, and quantitative method for assessing gallbladder contraction and calculation of a gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF). At present, it is used most commonly to identify patients with suspected functional gallbladder disorder. However, the methodology of CCK infusion and normal values differ markedly among imaging centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This document represents the consensus opinion of an interdisciplinary panel that gathered to assess the current optimal method for performing CCK-CS in adults, potential uses and limitations of CCK-CS, and questions that require further investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The panel recommended the use of a single, standardized, recently described CCK-CS protocol that involves infusion of 0.02 μg/kg of sincalide over 60 minutes with a normal gallbladder ejection fraction defined as ≥38%. The panel emphasized the need for a large, multicenter, prospective clinical trial to establish the utility of CCK-CS in the diagnosis of functional gallbladder disease. Although not without controversy regarding its clinical utility, the primary indication for CCK-CS at present is the well-selected patient with suspected functional gallbladder disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agreement was reached that the adoption of this standardized protocol is critical to improve how CCK-CS is used to direct patient care and will represent an improvement over the diverse methods currently in use by eliminating the current lack of uniformity and adding both reliability and credibility to the results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA. dibaise.john@mayo.edu
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: DiBaise
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: Harvey H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ziessman
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Everson
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shamamian
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Weida
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tulchinsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin