title: Respiratory disease in neonatal cloned calves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous clinical abnormalities occur in cloned calves during the neonatal period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Describe respiratory diseases affecting cloned calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five cloned Holstein calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study of the cloned calves born at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Records of 31 cloned calves were reviewed. Twenty-five records were included. Four stillborn calves and 2 calves euthanized at birth were excluded. Twenty-two calves suffered from respiratory diseases. Nineteen calves received intranasal oxygen treatment (INO). They were tachypneic (78 breaths per minute) and 5 of them were hypoxemic (PaO₂ < 55 mmHg). Two of 19 calves remained hypoxemic despite INO. Thirteen calves were weaned from INO after a median of 70 hours and were discharged at a median of 5 days of age. Nine calves required ventilatory support: 3 from birth and 6 after INO. Five were successfully weaned from the ventilator after a median of 32 hours and were discharged at a median of 8 days of age. Three calves died and 1 was euthanized because of respiratory disease. Necropsy revealed atelectasis, pulmonary congestion, and alveolar damages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory disease occurs frequently in cloned calves. The most frequent abnormality is hypoxemia because of V/Q mismatch. It is possible to successfully support these calves by INO and mechanical ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Hopital des animaux de la Ferme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vété, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. anne-claire.brisville@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brisville
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fecteau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boysen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorval
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buczinski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blondin
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies