title: The potential impact of CD4+ T cell activation and enhanced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio on HIV-1 secretion in the lungs of individuals with advanced AIDS and active pulmonary infection.
abstract: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) provides a source of mucosal CD4(+) T cells. We investigated the physiological properties of T lymphocytes from BALF and blood and their role on the dynamic of HIV-1 replication among AIDS patients with active lung infections. Pulmonary CD4(+) T cells consist mainly of effector memory cells (CD45RO(+) and CCR7(-)) with increased expression of activation markers (HLA-DR(+) and CD69(+)) when compared to the blood counterpart. We observed a high frequency of BALF cells capable of secreting HIV-1-Ags suggesting that the local lung environment may support favorable conditions for CD4(+) T lymphocytes harboring HIV-1 DNA to initiate the viral cycle. Nevertheless, the high number of IFN-γ-producing cells and the predominance of Th1 immune response in the lung could limit the secretion of HIV-1 RNA. In conclusion, the capacity of activated CD4(+) T cells to produce HIV-1 is driven by both the level and quality of cellular activation in the lung.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1058, CHRU, Montpellier 1 University, Montpellier, France. pierrealainrubbo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pierre-Alain
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rubbo
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuaillon
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bolloré
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Foulongne
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourdin
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagot
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Perre
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desgranges
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Israël-Biet
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vendrell
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology; D056189:Viral Tropism / Q000235:genetics; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015488:HIV Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003513:Cycloheximide