title: Modified versus standard intention-to-treat reporting: are there differences in methodological quality, sponsorship, and findings in randomized trials? A cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that use the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) approach are increasingly being published. Such trials have a preponderance of post-randomization exclusions, industry sponsorship, and favourable findings, and little is known whether in terms of these items mITT trials are different with respect to trials that report a standard intention-to-treat.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine differences in the methodological quality, sponsorship, authors' conflicts of interest, and findings among trials with different "types" of intention-to-treat, we undertook a cross-sectional study of RCTs published in 2006 in three general medical journals (the Journal of the American Medical Association, the New England Journal of Medicine and the Lancet) and three specialty journals (Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, the American Heart Journal and the Journal of Clinical Oncology). Trials were categorized based on the "type" of intention-to-treat reporting as follows: ITT, trials reporting the use of standard ITT approach; mITT, trials reporting the use of a "modified intention-to-treat" approach; and "no ITT", trials not reporting the use of any intention-to-treat approach. Two pairs of reviewers independently extracted the data in duplicate. The strength of the associations between the "type" of intention-to-treat reporting and the quality of reporting (sample size calculation, flow-chart, lost to follow-up), the methodological quality of the trials (sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding), the funding source, and the findings was determined. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 367 RCTs included, 197 were classified as ITT, 56 as mITT, and 114 as "no ITT" trials. The quality of reporting and the methodological quality of the mITT trials were similar to those of the ITT trials; however, the mITT trials were more likely to report post-randomization exclusions (adjusted OR 3.43 [95%CI, 1.70 to 6.95]; P < 0.001). We found a strong association between trials classified as mITT and for-profit agency sponsorship (adjusted OR 7.41 [95%CI, 3.14 to 17.48]; P < .001) as well as the presence of authors' conflicts of interest (adjusted OR 5.14 [95%CI, 2.12 to 12.48]; P < .001). There was no association between mITT reporting and favourable results; in general, however, trials with for-profit agency sponsorship were significantly associated with favourable results (adjusted OR 2.30; [95%CI, 1.28 to 4.16]; P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the mITT trials were significantly more likely to perform post-randomization exclusions and were strongly associated with industry funding and authors' conflicts of interest.
authors.affiliation: Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Perugia, Italy. amontedori@regione.umbria.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montedori
authors.forename: Maria Isabella
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Bonacini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casazza
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Luchetta
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duca
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
authors.forename: Iosief
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abraha
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome