title: [Neurolaryngology].
abstract: The neuroanatomy of voice and speech is complex. An intricate neural network is responsible for ensuring the main functions of the larynx: airway protection, cough and Valsalva production, and providing voice. Coordination of these roles is very susceptible to disruption by neurological disorders. Neurological disorders that affect laryngeal function include Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, dystonia and essential tremor. A thorough neurological evaluation should be routine for any patient presenting with voice complaints suggestive of neurogenic cause. Endoscopic visualisation of the larynx using a dynamic voice assessment with a flexible laryngoscope is a crucial part of the evaluation and ancillary tests are sometimes performed. Otolaryngologic evaluation is important in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders that affect laryngeal function.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, España. fnunezb@telefonica.net
authors.forename: Faustino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Núñez-Batalla
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Díaz-Molina
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costales-Marcos
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno Galindo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suárez-Nieto
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009482:Neurophysiology; D010808:Physical Examination; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A