title: [The abdominal compartment syndrome - relevance and therapeutic consequences].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) has a high prevalence among critically ill patients. It is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for poor outcome. PATIENTS / MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature including explicit management instructions was performed. We report the standardised techniques for intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement as well as consensus definitions and treatment recommendations ranging from conservative measures to decompression laparotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as a sustained IAH > 20 mmHg accompanied by new organ dysfunctions. It occurs predominantly in surgical patients and is associated with a poor outcome. Organ dysfunctions related to IAH mainly concern the kidneys and -respiratory system. The mechanism of action essentially is a perfusion deficit. Clinical judgement alone does not allow a valid estimate of intra-abdominal pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients at risk the IAP should be measured. In case of IAH conservative options for lowering the pressure are mandatory. Decompression laparotomy should be considered if conservative measures fail.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Freiburg, Deutschland. stefan.utzolino@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Utzolino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Hopt
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000465:Algorithms; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors