title: Note: The intermodulation lockin analyzer.
abstract: Nonlinear systems can be probed by driving them with two or more pure tones while measuring the intermodulation products of the drive tones in the response. We describe a digital lockin analyzer which is designed explicitly for this purpose. The analyzer is implemented on a field-programmable gate array, providing speed in analysis, real-time feedback, and stability in operation. The use of the analyzer is demonstrated for intermodulation atomic force microscopy. A generalization of the intermodulation spectral technique to arbitrary drive waveforms is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Intermodulation Products AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tholén
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Forchheimer
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: Mats O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Tholén
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Haviland