title: Depression and anxiety in living kidney donation: evaluation of donors and recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychosocial status of donors before and after living kidney donor transplantation has been an important concern. Investigations of psychosocial issues in related recipients are not frequent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare psychopathologic dimensions in donors and recipients before and after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five recipients and 45 donors completed a psychosocial evaluation before and after transplantation. We applied Pearson chi-square, McNemar, Fisher, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests as well as linear and logistic regression statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before transplantation 100% of the recipients presented total anxiety, compared with 64.4% of donors, with higher anxiety levels in all dimensions (P < .001). Also, 38.7% of recipients and 16.3% of donors had moderate/serious depression (P = .029). Men showed higher levels of cognitive anxiety before transplantation (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3; P = .008). After versus before transplantation central nervous system and cognitive anxiety had diminished in recipients (P = .031; P = .035, respectively); there were higher levels of cognitive anxiety than among the donors (P = .007). Depression showed no significant changes in recipients or donors; the differences were no longer significant. There were less severely depressed recipients but an increase among severely depressed donors. Male recipients and donors showed greater cognitive anxiety (P = .02; P = .04, respectively) at both times. Female recipients presented with more severe depression (P = .036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety is an important symptom. Surgery had a positive impact to lower anxiety in recipients. Most protagonists displayed little or no depression; it was more prevalent among recipients. Donors and recipients maintained some psychopathologic symptoms after surgery. We defined vulnerable groups among these cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Lyaison-Psychiatry and Health Psychology Unit, Oporto Hospital Centre, Oporto, Portugal. lopealice@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Frade
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Henriques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged