title: Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces a global host cell response in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Chagas' disease, caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people in South and Central America. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, the most devastating manifestation of this disease, occurs in approximately one-third of infected individuals. Events associated with the parasite's tropism for and invasion of cardiomyocytes have been the focus of intense investigation in recent years. In the present study, we use murine microarrays to investigate the cellular response caused by invasion of primary murine cardiomyocytes by T. cruzi trypomastigotes. These studies identified 353 murine genes that were differentially expressed during the early stages of invasion and infection of these cells. Genes associated with the immune response, inflammation, cytoskeleton organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, apoptosis, cell cycle, and oxidative stress are among those affected during the infection. Our data indicate that T. cruzi induces broad modulations of the host cell machinery in ways that provide insight into how the parasite survives, replicates, and persists in the infected host and ultimately defines the clinical outcome of the infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricio A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Manque
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Mirian C S
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Rita C P
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rampazzo
authors.forename: Luiz Shozo
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: L Shozo
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Daniela P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Pavoni
authors.forename: Dayse T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Silva Neto
authors.forename: M Ruth
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Myrna G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: João M P
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Maria de Nazareth S L
authors.initials: Mde N
authors.lastname: Meirelles
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Buck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002598:Chagas Cardiomyopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi