title: Review of the literature regarding early intervention for children and adolescents aged 0-15 experiencing a first-episode psychiatric disturbance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to report on existing literature regarding children and adolescents younger than 16 years of age experiencing a first-episode psychiatric disturbance. Rather than providing a comprehensive list of service implications, this paper identifies some of the gaps in knowledge and practice to encourage ongoing analysis regarding better practices for early intervention for children and adolescents experiencing a first-episode psychiatric disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was conducted to identify key evidence-based literature published from 1985 to 2007 discussing various aspects of child and youth mental health in Canada, the USA, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. The review also included 'grey' literature. Categories of information include diagnoses, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, prevalence, environmental and other risk factors, and demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Understanding first-episode psychiatric disturbance for patients under the age of 16 years is limited because of a scarcity of controlled studies focusing on this population. Programme evaluations are sparse, perhaps because of the small number of specialized units servicing this population. It may be helpful to enlist early intervention psychosis programmes that have been successful in assisting young people aged 16-24 in the development of better practices and care outcomes for younger age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors highlight information that has the potential to assist in optimizing care for those youth younger than 16 years experiencing or exhibiting signs of a first-episode psychiatric disturbance.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. jleavey@hotmail.com
authors.forename: JoAnn Elizabeth
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Leavey
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flexhaug
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ehmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors