title: [Risk factors related to renal disorders in HIV-1 infected patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal disease has emerged as one of the primary comorbid conditions affecting HIV-infected patients, mainly because antiretroviral therapy has improved survival. This study aimed to detect risk factors possibly associated with altered renal function in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 254 HIV-infected patients attending an outpatient clinic at Santa Casa de Vitoria< They were interviewed and blood samples were collected for CD4 cell counts, HIV-1 viral load, glucose, lipids and creatinine measurements. Urine protein was evaluated in the first voiding urine sample. Glomerular filtration was estimated by simplified modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault formulas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and three (40.6%) patients presented some urinary abnormality, and proteinuria was the most common finding (46; 18.1% patients). Twenty-five (9.8%) patients showed estimated glomerular filtration below 60 ml/min/1.73 m² by MDRD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that low glomerular filtration was positively correlated with black race [OR 9.6 (IC95% 1.28-23.80)], arterial hypertension [OR 3.3 (IC95% 1.28-23.81)], age over fifty-one years-old [OR 3.3 (IC95%1.11-9.90)], proteinuria [OR 5.2 {IC95% 1.67-16.25}]; hematuria [OR 3.2 (1.12-9.29)] and negatively correlated with patients using zidovudine [OR 0.2 (0.04-0.78)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional risk factors for renal disease, such as black race, arterial hypertension and advancing age were correlated with low estimated glomerular filtration in the present patient sample.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Escola Superior de Ciências, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES. lauro.neto@emescam.br
authors.forename: Lauro Ferreira Silva
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pinto Neto
authors.forename: Andressa Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Juliana Alvarenga
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Nilo Fernando Rezende
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Angélica Espinosa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents