title: Blood profile of proteins and steroid hormones predicts weight change after weight loss with interactions of dietary protein level and glycemic index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Weight regain after weight loss is common. In the Diogenes dietary intervention study, high protein and low glycemic index (GI) diet improved weight maintenance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify blood predictors for weight change after weight loss following the dietary intervention within the Diogenes study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 8-week low caloric diet-induced weight loss from 48 women who continued to lose weight and 48 women who regained weight during subsequent 6-month dietary intervention period with 4 diets varying in protein and GI levels. Thirty-one proteins and 3 steroid hormones were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) was the most important predictor. Its greater reduction during the 8-week weight loss was related to continued weight loss during the subsequent 6 months, identified by both Logistic Regression and Random Forests analyses. The prediction power of ACE was influenced by immunoproteins, particularly fibrinogen. Leptin, luteinizing hormone and some immunoproteins showed interactions with dietary protein level, while interleukin 8 showed interaction with GI level on the prediction of weight maintenance. A predictor panel of 15 variables enabled an optimal classification by Random Forests with an error rate of 24±1%. A logistic regression model with independent variables from 9 blood analytes had a prediction accuracy of 92%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A selected panel of blood proteins/steroids can predict the weight change after weight loss. ACE may play an important role in weight maintenance. The interactions of blood factors with dietary components are important for personalized dietary advice after weight loss.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00390637.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. e.mariman@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Malene R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Freek G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bouwman
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Otterdijk
authors.forename: Will K W H
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Wodzig
authors.forename: Marleen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Baak
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jebb
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.forename: Andreas F H
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Handjieva-Darlenska
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunesova
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Edwin C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mariman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones