title: Water-processable polyaniline with covalently bonded single-walled carbon nanotubes: enhanced electrochromic properties and impedance analysis.
abstract: Hybrid electrochromic materials were readily synthesized via copolymerization of aniline with p-phenylenediamine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) dopant in an aqueous medium. Polyaniline (PANI)-grafted SWCNTs are formed, and they are uniformly dispersed in the PANI/PSS matrix. Impedance analysis shows that the charge-transfer resistances of the hybrids at all states are reduced drastically with increasing SWCNT loading. With 0.8 wt % SWCNTs, the charge-transfer resistances of the hybrid at +1.5 and -1.5 V are only about 20% and 12% of those of PANI/PSS, respectively, which is due to the greatly increased redox reactivity given by the enhanced electron transport in the hybrid and further doping function of the SWCNTs. The remarkable increase in redox reactivity leads to much enhanced electrochromic contrast from 0.34 for PANI to 0.47 for PANI-SWCNT-0.8%.
authors.affiliation: Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553.
authors.forename: Shanxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Pengtao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xuehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D012996:Solutions; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012996:Solutions; C416807:polyaniline; D014867:Water