title: Single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction using endoscopic posterior grafting in isolated posterior glottic stenosis in children - how we do it.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posterior glottic stenosis is a well recognised though rare condition. A wide range of treatment options have been proposed including endoscopic laser techniques and open techniques with grafting. The objective of this study was to present our experience of single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction with endoscopic technique of placement of posterior graft in isolated posterior glottic stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. The senior authors (ALT, DMA) were involved in the management of two children with isolated posterior glottic stenosis operated on as single stage reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two children in this small series had isolated posterior glottic stenosis. The aetiology in both the cases was previous prolonged intubation. Both patients underwent a successful placement of the posterior graft endoscopically, though it was a challenging task because of space constraints. None of these children required an intra-operative or post-operative tracheostomy. There were no complications in these patients. At follow up endoscopic examinations, both these patients have had their airway widened successfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction with endoscopic placement of posterior graft in cases with isolated posterior glottic stenosis is a good alternative to open surgical techniques, although is technically a challenging procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tweedie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ifeacho
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Thomas
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005931:Glottis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome