title: [Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid, determination of ioduria and iodine concentration in kitchen salt used by schoolchildren in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have pointed out that Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, is an area of borderline iodine deficiency, later becoming a region of excessive iodination. In a reevaluation of the iodine status of the city in 2007-2008, 300 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years were evaluated, from 3 schools of 3 different socioeconomic levels who were submitted to the determination of iodine concentration in urine samples and in kitchen salt and thyroid ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among boys and girls ioduria was higher in the school of highest socioeconomic level compared to the others, with a significant difference in the ages 8 and 10 years for boys with ranges : p < 0,0001 and p = 0,0106, respectively; and in the ages 8 and 9 years for girls with ranges: p = 0,0024 and p = 0,0154, respectively. Median iodine concentrations in samples of kitchen salt ranged from 26.6 to 27.8 mg iodine/kg and did not differ between the schools studied. Ultrasound evaluation revealed that 15,6% of thyroids examined were hypoechoic, suggesting that these glands may present changes in the architecture not reflected yet in their volume.
authors.affiliation: Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. mldarbo@bol.com.br
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia D'Arbo
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Gláucia C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Anderson Marliere
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Eduardo K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tomimori
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007455:Iodine