title: Racial disparities in surgical care for uterine cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of race and surgical approach for women who underwent surgical treatment for uterine cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a retrospective cohort study of discharge data from nonfederal acute care hospitals in Maryland from 2000 to 2009. Women aged 18 and older who underwent hysterectomy for uterine cancer were included in the study population. The main outcome measure was receipt of lymphadenectomy. Secondary outcomes included receipt of minimally-invasive surgical approach, in-hospital mortality and individual surgeon and individual hospital annual uterine cancer case volume. The independent variable was race. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals for each outcome of interest. Caucasians were the reference group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 5470 women who underwent hysterectomy, 2727 (49.9%) underwent lymphadenectomy and 512 (9.4%) underwent surgery through a minimally-invasive approach. After adjusting for age, payer status and APR-DRG mortality risk score, African-Americans were more likely to be operated on by high-volume surgeons (adjusted OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.09-1.49) yet were less likely to undergo minimally-invasive surgery (adjusted OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.80). For the outcome of lymphadenectomy, there was no significant difference between Caucasians and African-Americans (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.98-1.30). There was no association between race and in-hospital mortality or between race and the odds of undergoing surgery at a high-volume hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective analysis of uterine cancer patients, race is associated with likelihood of undergoing surgery through a minimally-invasive approach. Further analysis using prospectively collected data with more detail regarding peri-operative parameters is needed to further clarify possible reasons for this disparity.
authors.affiliation: Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. aimeefleury@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ibeanu
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bristow
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*