title: Response of a red clone of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid in the laboratory and greenhouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pest resurgence following a pesticide application may occur owing to a stimulatory (hormetic) response to sublethal insecticide concentrations. The objective of the present study was to examine the potential for a greenhouse-derived red clone of Myzus persicae to exhibit resurgence owing to a hormetic response following a systemic imidacloprid treatment in a bell pepper greenhouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in mortality and fecundity were observed among apterous adults exposed to sublethal imidacloprid concentrations on excised pepper leaves fed aqueous solutions of imidacloprid. Survival of first-generation progeny was negatively affected by imidacloprid exposure, yet surviving progeny exhibited no differences in development rates or fecundity from progeny of adults unexposed to imidacloprid. Aphid mortality declined most rapidly in clip cages on pepper leaves at the top of the pepper canopy as compared with leaves present at the middle or bottom of the pepper canopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imidacloprid decays rapidly in mature pepper plants, resulting in sublethal concentrations in the upper canopy in as little as 4 weeks. Sublethal insecticide concentrations have been implicated in the resurgence of pest populations; however, exposure to sublethal doses of imidacloprid are unlikely to result in pesticide-induced resurgence of the M. persicae aphid clone examined in this study.
authors.affiliation: University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada. alida.janmaat@ufv.ca
authors.forename: Alida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janmaat
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borrow
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matteoni
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002212:Capsicum / Q000469:parasitology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid