title: High white blood cell count and low estimated glomerular filtration rate are independently associated with serum level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal injury. Recent clinical studies have suggested that circulating levels of MCP-1 could be a biomarker of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events in humans. Because chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the risk factors of CVD, it is conceivable that elevated MCP-1 levels may link the increased risk of CVD in CKD patients. However, as far as we know, in addition to well-known traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, whether renal dysfunction could be independently associated with the elevation of MCP-1 levels in a general population remains unknown. Therefore, we examined here which anthropometric and metabolic variables, including renal function, could be independent correlates of circulating levels of MCP-1 in a general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that renal function was one of the independent correlates of serum MCP-1 levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 860 Japanese residents (318 males and 542 females, mean age 65.4 ± 9.8 years) in a small fishing community underwent a complete history and physical examination with determination of blood chemistries, including serum levels of MCP-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MCP-1 levels were 281.4 pg/mL. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that male sex (P<0.0001), age (P=0.03), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P<0.0001, inversely), and white blood cell count (P=0.037) were independently associated with MCP-1 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated for the first time that other than white blood cell count, eGFR was an independent correlate of serum levels of MCP-1 in a Japanese general population. Elevated MCP-1 levels may partly explain the increased risk of CVD in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Kuniko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Kinuka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsukagawa
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2