title: Barriers and facilitators of prostate cancer screening among Filipino men in Hawaii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs regarding barriers and facilitators to prostate cancer screening, and to identify potential interventional strategies to promote prostate cancer screening among Filipino men in Hawaii.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory, qualitative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based settings in Hawaii.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 Filipino men age 40 years or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group discussions were tape recorded and transcribed, and content analysis was performed for emergent themes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceptions regarding prostate cancer, barriers and facilitators to prostate cancer screening, and culturally relevant interventional strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceptions of prostate cancer included fatalism, hopelessness, and dread. Misconceptions regarding causes of prostate cancer, such as frequency of sexual activity, were identified. Barriers to prostate cancer screening included lack of awareness of the need for screening, reticence to seek health care when feeling well, fear of cancer diagnosis, financial issues, time constraints, and embarrassment. Presence of urinary symptoms, personal experience with family or friends who had cancer, and receiving recommendations from a healthcare provider regarding screening were facilitators for screening. Potential culturally relevant interventional strategies to promote prostate cancer screening included screening recommendations from healthcare professionals and cancer survivors; radio or television commercials and newspaper articles targeting the Filipino community; informational brochures in Tagalog, Ilocano, or English; and interactive, educational forums facilitated by multilingual Filipino male healthcare professionals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culturally relevant interventions are needed that address barriers to prostate cancer screening participation and misconceptions about causes of prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings provide a foundation for future research regarding development of interventional strategies to promote prostate cancer screening among Filipino men.
authors.affiliation: Queen's Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA. fconde@queens.org
authors.forename: Francisco A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Landier
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Charlene F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cuaresma
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Misola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003153:Community Health Services; D003469:Culture; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000451:nursing; D012307:Risk Factors; D016746:Transcultural Nursing / Q000379:methods*