title: EROD activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and milk as biomarkers of PAH exposure in dairy ruminants.
abstract: Presently, few biomarker-based approaches are available for the evaluation of environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants in dairy ruminants. In this study, goats (Capra hircus) were orally administered a mixture of pyrene, phenanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene daily over a 40-d period (1 or 50 mg/d). Milk and urine 1-hydroxypyrene levels, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as well as urinary levels of 2- and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were determined at 10-d intervals. 1-Hydroxypyrene excretion in milk and urine significantly increased and then achieved a plateau at 10 d. Transfer rates of 1-hydroxypyrene were calculated to be approximately 0.5 and 25% in milk and urine, respectively. Concentrations in milk and urine were proportional to the ingested doses. These results demonstrate that 1-hydroxypyrene in milk or urine may be used as a biomarker for evaluating the exposure of dairy ruminants to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over an extended exposure period. Constitutive EROD activity in lymphocytes was 0.5 ± 0.3 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein, and was significantly induced over the entire exposure time, before stabilizing after 40 d at 6.30 ± 1.3 and 18.89 ± 1.12 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein for 1 mg/d and 50 mg/d doses, respectively. Induction kinetics were calculated using a logistic-like model and approximate dose-response curves were designed. We therefore propose EROD activity in PBL as a relevant, convenient, and noninvasive biomarker of subchronic exposure of dairy ruminants to CYP450 inducing PAH.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit on Animal and Functionality of Animal Products, Nancy University-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. yann.guiavarch@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr
authors.forename: Yann P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Guiavarc'h
authors.forename: Abir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chahin
authors.forename: Marie-Antoinette
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dziurla
authors.forename: Frances T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jondreville
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rychen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003612:Dairying; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D012418:Ruminants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; C031181:phenanthrene; C030984:pyrene; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene