title: Single-centre review of radiologically guided percutaneous nephrostomy using "mixed" technique: success and complication rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A review of complication and success rates of the "mixed" technique in percutaneous nephrostomy using both the Seldinger and one-step techniques in dilated and non-dilated systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analysed 500 percutaneous nephrostomies in dilated an non-dilated systems in 353 patients from 2006 to 2007 (208 males (range 19-95 years), 127 females (range 27-91 years) and 21 children (range 3 months-16 years: 6 females, 15 males)). Percutaneous nephrostomy was considered successful if catheter was placed in renal pelvis and drained urine spontaneously. Successful percutaneous nephrostomies were classified as primary (renal system drained instantly) or postponed (drainage achieved within 24h after initial failure). Number of complications was registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 500 nephrostomies were successful within 24h (96.2% primary; 3.8% postponed). The success rate of primary nephrostomy in dilated and non-dilated systems was 98.2% and 82%, respectively. Major complications occurred in 0.45% and minor complications in 14.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous nephrostomy using the "mixed" technique is very successful in dilated systems, is not superior to other PCN techniques in non-dilated systems and has a very low rate of major complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. paulmont@rm.dk
authors.forename: Paulius
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montvilas
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solvig
authors.forename: Truls Erik Bjerklund
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide