title: [The impact of tobacco smoking on oxidative stress parameters in the blood of normal glucose tolerance persons and subjects with pre-diabetes, separately].
abstract: The aim of the study was to asses the influence of tobacco smoking on plasma oxidative stress parameters in normal glucose tolerance persons and pre-diabetic individuals, separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caucasian females and males aged 35-64, with no acute or severe chronic disorder, taking no medication, special diet nor supplementation were enrolled to the study. After receiving oral glucose tolerance test results, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were excluded, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and pre-diabetic (PreDM) persons underwent further investigation. Both groups were divided due to their positive (P) or negative (N) history of smoking. The studied subjects were determined in plasma: lipid parameters (T-C, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C), total antioxidant status, TAS (Randox, Statfax 1904 Plus) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS (Sigma, UV-160A Shimadzu) as lipid peroxidation products. They were also measured serum insulin concentration (ELISA-BioSource, Sunrise Tecan) and insulin resistance indices IR = Ins/G0'[mg/ dl] and HOMA-IR = {G0'[mmol/l]*Ins}/ 22.5 were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 6.0 program for following groups: NGT-N (n = 25: 15 F, 10 M), NGT-P (n = 21: 10 F, 11 M), PreDM-N (n = 23: 13 F, 10 M) and PreDM-P (n = 21: 7 F, 14 M).
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. NGT-P group comparing with NGT-N group presented higher concentration of fasting glucose, T-C, LDL-C, and TBARS (8.43 +/- 5.24 vs 4.81 +/- 2.58 nmol/ l). PreDM-P individuals, as compared with PreDM-N, were found decreased TAS (1.20 +/- 0.16 vs 1.42 +/- 0.19 mmol/l) and increased TBARS (10.87 +/- 6.79 vs 6.67 +/- 4.90 nmol/l), negatively correlated TAS & TBARS (R = -0.87; p = 0.0000). 2. The comparison among groups NGT-N, NGT-P, PreDM-N, PreDM-P (using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test) revealed marked increase of TAS in PreDM-N subjects and higher TBARS concentration in smokers (both NGT-P and PreDM-P). Systematical regress in plasma HDL-C and progress in TG concentrations were observed from NGT-N through NGT-P and PreDM-N to PreDM-P.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In case of increased risk for type 2 diabetes, we suggest an effective mobilization of plasma antioxidant status preventing high concentration of lipid peroxidation products, in nonsmokers only.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Biochemii Klinicznej i Medycyny Laboratoryjnej, Katedra Chemii i Biochemii Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. K. Marcinkowskiego, Poznań. ewysocka@ump.edu.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wysocka
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dziegielewska
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torliński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL