title: Epidemiology of hypospadias and treatment trends in Taiwan: a nationwide study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the rate of diagnosis and treatment trends of hypospadias in Taiwan within the first 3 years of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a subset of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, which contains data on all inpatient and outpatient medical benefit claims, for the period 1997 through 2008 for a sample of 1 million individuals randomly drawn from the population of 25.68 million who held membership in the National Health Insurance program during any part of the calendar year 2005. We analyzed claims data for all subjects who were diagnosed with hypospadias through age 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 52,705 newborns (individuals whose claims included live birth) 178 were diagnosed with hypospadias within 3 years of birth. Thus, mean incidence was 33.8 per 10,000 live male births. The hypospadias repair rate was 14.3 per 10,000 live male births. There was no significant tendency toward increase or decrease in rates of diagnoses or repairs, or proportion of severe hypospadias. There were significant associations between rates of hypospadias diagnoses and urbanization level of the community where the diagnosis was made. Approximately 54% of patients who underwent surgical repair did so after age 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nationwide incidence of hypospadias in children younger than 3 years in Taiwan is similar to that reported in previous studies. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of hypospadias are important clinical concerns that warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ya-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chang-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Hong-Chiang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shyh-Chyan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kuo-How
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends