title: Inhibitory effect of n-butylidenephthalide on neointimal hyperplasia in balloon injured rat carotid artery.
abstract: This investigation was designed to determine the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of n-butylidenephthalide (BP) from Angelica sinensis on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro and in balloon injured rat carotid artery. Treatment of cultured rat aorta SMC-derived A7r5 cells with 25-100 μg/mL BP significantly inhibited the proliferation and arrested the cell cycle in G(0)/G(1) phase. BP induced the expression and migration of Nur77 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Among signal pathways, JNK and p38 MAPK were phosphorylated after BP treatment. In vivo, the neointimal area of common carotid artery 2 weeks after balloon injury reduced significantly in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 150-300 mg/kg BP compared with the control. The proliferative activity indicated by immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 positive cells in the neointima was significantly decreased in the 60-300 mg/kg BP treatment groups. The apoptotic activity indicated by cleaved caspase-3 positive cells and Nur77 positive cells in the neointima was significantly increased in rats treated with 60-300 mg/kg BP. This study demonstrated BP inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in balloon injured rat carotid artery due to its dual effects of proliferative inhibition and apoptotic induction on SMCs. Up-regulation of Nur77 gene may partly explain the antihyperplasia activity of BP on the neointima.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Shin
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Po-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Li-Fu
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Horng-Jyh
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Harn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shiuan
authors.forename: Tzyy-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Jing-Ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jeng
mesh_terms: D029971:Angelica sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000150:complications; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006965:Hyperplasia; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D058426:Neointima / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C539820:Nr4a1 protein, rat; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053148:Caspase 3; C026105:butylidenephthalide