title: Production of volatile phenols by Pichia manshurica and Pichia membranifaciens isolated from spoiled wines and cellar environment in Patagonia.
abstract: In order to detect spoilage yeast species in wines showing off-odors, different yeast isolation protocols were evaluated. Independently of the isolation method, only Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia manshurica were detected. The spoilage capacity of P. manshurica regional isolates was evaluated in red wine and the production of volatile phenols was evidenced. To evaluate the possible source of contamination, yeasts from both grapes and cellar surfaces were obtained. Hanseniaspora uvarum and Zygoascus hellenicus were detected in both sound and damaged grapes from sunny areas. The most frequent species in cellar surfaces was Candida boidinii, Pichia membranifaciens and P. manshurica were detected in filters. The intra-specific genetic characterization of the P. manshurica isolates by mtDNA-RFLP demonstrated that the same strain was detected in both wine and filter. Most P. membranifaciens isolates produced 4-EP (maximum level of 1.895 mg/L) and particularly high levels of 4-EG (maximum level of 10.260 mg/L) were produced by P. manshurica isolates in synthetic wine-like medium. In this work the capacity of P. manshurica and P. membranifaciens species to produce volatile phenols was shown for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Patagonia Norte (IDEPA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Buenos Aires 1400, (8300) Neuquén, Argentina.
authors.forename: Julieta S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Saez
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Verónica E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Kirs
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sangorrín
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010843:Pichia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds