title: Efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of insulin sensitizers as add-on therapy in metabolic syndrome in patients with secondary sulfonylurea failure: A comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is ~25% and it is currently becoming prevalent in children also. India is estimated to have the maximum number of patients of MS in the world. As insulin resistance is an integral part of MS and the rate of secondary sulfonylurea failure (SSUF) is also high, the present study was planned to evaluate the effects of insulin sensitizers as add-on therapy in MS with SSUF.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, prospective, randomized study was conducted on 200 patients of MS with SSUF, included according to ATP III criteria, after dividing them into two groups. Group I patients were given pioglitazone 30 mg/day while group II patients were given metformin 1,000 mg/day as add-on therapy to the sulfonylurea already prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fall in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum triglycerides was higher with metformin, but rise in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was higher with pioglitazone. Only metformin caused a significant reduction in body mass index. Significant reduction in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was not seen with any therapy. Incremental cost-effective ratio was almost six-times higher with pioglitazone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among insulin sensitizers, metformin has more favorable, persistent and multifacet effects in MS with SSUF. Studies of longer duration are required for calculating reduction in the mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda - 151 109, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Rajinder Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta