title: Management of severe deformity using a combination of internal and external fixation.
abstract: This review addresses severe foot and ankle deformities and describes techniques for internal and external fixation. A combination of internal and external fixation techniques is often necessary in severe foot and ankle deformities secondary to leg length discrepancies. This article includes a thorough literature review as well as an extensive description of these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, International Center for Limb Lengthening, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA.
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thakral
authors.forename: Janet D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Conway
mesh_terms: D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016267:External Fixators; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery