title: Establishing of chemical composition of printing ink.
abstract: The subject of the examinations was primarily court tax marks of 50 and 200 PLN, which were suspected not to be genuine. Both inks on the questioned marks as well as comparative genuine marks and inks sent by the manufacturer were analyzed. No information about their chemical composition was available from manufacturer. In the examinations, infrared (IR), visible, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectrometry were used. The examinations showed that inks and glue on the marks of both values were the same as samples of those sent by the manufacturer. Discrepancies in some results were observed probably due to contamination, that is, an accidental presence of the foreign substance on the surface (e.g., sweat, saliva while sticking the marks to the surface or physical handling of the documents). It was concluded that there are original (genuine) court tax marks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31-033 Krakow, Poland. jzieba@ies.krakow.pl
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zięba-Palus
authors.forename: Beata M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Trzcińska