title: A behavioural intervention incorporating specific glycaemic index goals improves dietary quality, weight control and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A lower glycaemic index (GI) diet is associated with a reduction in glycosylated Hb (HbA(1c)) in people with diabetes. Yet, little research has been conducted to determine the effects of specific goals regarding consumption of low GI (LGI) foods on diabetes outcomes. The present study evaluated a behavioural intervention on dietary intake, weight status and HbA(1c), which included a goal to consume either six or eight servings of LGI foods daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel two-group design was used. Following the 5-week intervention, participants were randomly assigned to the group of six (n 15) or eight (n 20) servings of LGI foods daily and followed up for 8 weeks. Dietary intake was assessed using the mean of 4 d food records.
  
  
  METHODS
  A metropolitan community in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals aged 40-65 years with type 2 diabetes of ≥1 year and HbA(1c) ≥ 7·0 % were eligible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between goal difficulty groups with regard to GI servings at the end of the study. However, mean consumption of LGI foods increased by 2·05 (SE 0·47) and 1·65 (SE 0·40) servings per 4184 kJ in the six (P < 0·001) and eight (P < 0·001) LGI serving groups, respectively. For all participants combined, there were significant decreases in mean HbA(1c) (-0·58 (SE 0·21) %; P = 0·01), weight (-2·30 (SE 0·78) kg; P = 0·01), BMI (-0·80 (SE 0·29) kg/m(2); P = 0·01) and waist circumference (-2·36 (SE 0·81) cm; P = 0·01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intervention including a specific goal to consume six to eight servings of LGI foods daily can improve diabetes outcomes. Clinicians should help patients set specific targets for dietary change and identify ways of achieving those goals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, 350 Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. CMiller@ehe.osu.edu
authors.forename: Carla K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Headings
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peyrot
authors.forename: Haikady
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin