title: Nonlinear microscopy, infrared, and Raman microspectroscopy for brain tumor analysis.
abstract: Contemporary brain tumor research focuses on two challenges: First, tumor typing and grading by analyzing excised tissue is of utmost importance for choosing a therapy. Second, for prognostication the tumor has to be removed as completely as possible. Nowadays, histopathology of excised tissue using haematoxylin-eosine staining is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of surgical pathology specimens. However, it is neither applicable in vivo, nor does it allow for precise tumor typing in those cases when only nonrepresentative specimens are procured. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy allow for very precise cancer analysis due to their molecular specificity, while nonlinear microscopy is a suitable tool for rapid imaging of large tissue sections. Here, unstained samples from the brain of a domestic pig have been investigated by a multimodal nonlinear imaging approach combining coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, second harmonic generation, and two photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, a brain tumor specimen was additionally analyzed by linear Raman and Fourier transform infrared imaging for a detailed assessment of the tissue types that is required for classification and to validate the multimodal imaging approach. Hence label-free vibrational microspectroscopic imaging is a promising tool for fast and precise in vivo diagnostics of brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergner
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bielecki
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akimov
authors.forename: Bernd F M
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Romeike
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalff
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dietzek
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*