title: CD16+ monocytes in breast cancer patients: expanded by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and may be useful for early diagnosis.
abstract: Human peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, including CD14(+) CD16(-) 'classical' monocytes and CD14(+) CD16(+) 'proinflammatory' monocytes. CD16(+) monocytes are expanded in various inflammatory conditions. However, little is known about the CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes in patients with breast cancer. We detected CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes in 96 patients with breast cancer and 54 control subjects using flow cytometry. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the feasibility of CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes as an indicator for diagnosis of breast cancer. We found that the frequency of CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes showed a significantly greater increase in breast cancer patients than in controls (16·96% versus 10·84%, P < 0·0001). The area under the ROC curve for CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes was 0·805 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0·714-0·877, P = 0·0001]. Furthermore, the levels of CD16(+) monocytes were significantly negatively associated with the tumour size and pathological staging. In vitro, we showed that CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes were expanded significantly when the purified CD14(+) monocytes were exposed to Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)-7 cells-conditioned medium (MCF-CM) or, separately, to monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Neutralizing antibodies against MCP-1 inhibited the expansion of CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes by MCF-CM. Collectively, our findings indicated that MCP-1 can expand CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the CD14(+) CD16(+) monocyte may be a useful indicator in early diagnosis of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: M-X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Neckenig
authors.forename: X-W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Q-Q
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: B-F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Q-F
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: B-H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D017452:Receptors, IgG