title: Increased testicular 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) expressions in experimental rat varicocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemically, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) biochemically, which are sensitive biological markers of oxidative damage and stress, in testes with experimental varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats were randomly divided into three groups. Control group (n: 10), sham group (n: 10), varicocele group (n: 10). Of 14 rats undergoing partial ligation of the left renal vein, 10 rats had developed dilation of the left spermatic vein when evaluated 3 months after varicocele-inducing surgery. The rats were sacrificed after 3 months of the varicocele-inducing surgery. Ipsilateral and contralateral testes were examined for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) biochemically, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inducible NO synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expressions and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in both testes of varicocele group were markedly higher compared with control and sham groups (p < 0.01). There was no difference between control and sham groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regarding to our results, we suggest that varicocele may produce oxidative stress in both of testes, and we believe that this stress may play a role in male fertility.
authors.affiliation: Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tuğcu
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gedikbaşi
authors.forename: Bircan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Güner
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhri
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andican
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Ali I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Taşçi
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D003849:Deoxyguanosine