title: Nutritional intervention with fish oil provides a benefit over standard of care for weight and skeletal muscle mass in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Involuntary weight loss is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced cancer. Nutritional intervention with fish oil (FO)-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may prevent deterioration of body composition. This study compared intervention with FO with standard of care (SOC; no intervention) with regard to weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in newly referred patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer from the time of initiation to completion of first-line chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients completed the study; there were 16 in the FO group (dose of 2.2 g of EPA/day) and 24 patients in the SOC group. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were measured using computed tomography images. Blood was collected and weight was recorded at baseline and throughout chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the SOC group experienced an average weight loss of 2.3 ± 0.9 kg whereas patients receiving FO maintained their weight (0.5 ± 1.0 kg) (P = .05). Patients with the greatest increase in plasma EPA concentration after FO supplementation were found to have the greatest gains in muscle (r(2) = 0.55; P = .01). Approximately 69% of patients in the FO group gained or maintained muscle mass. Comparatively, only 29% of patients in the SOC group maintained muscle mass, and overall the SOC group lost 1 kg of muscle. No difference in total adipose tissue was observed between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutritional intervention with 2.2 g of FO per day appears to provide a benefit over SOC, resulting in the maintenance of weight and muscle mass during chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mourtzakis
authors.forename: Quincy S C
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Vickie E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Baracos
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reiman
authors.forename: Vera C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Mazurak
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D018529:Nutritional Support; D059039:Standard of Care
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids