title: Lidocaine suppository for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate analgesia using lidocaine suppositories for prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2007 to 2009, 160 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy at the Department of Urology, KBC Zagreb. 80 patients received a 60-mg lidocaine suppository intrarectally at different time points from 15 to 120 min before biopsy and 80 patients received a glycerin suppository as placebo. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between the groups, i.e. they were similar regarding patients' age, prostate-specific antigen levels, prostate volume and the incidence of diagnosis of malignancy on biopsy. The mean pain score in the lidocaine group (3 ± 1) was significantly lower than the mean pain score in the glycerin group (4.1 ± 1.3) (p < 0.001). A noticeable trend towards lower pain scores in the lidocaine group was observed with more time elapsing from placing the suppository till the biopsy and the optimal time for performing biopsy starting approximately 1 h after placing the suppository.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine suppositories are an easy-to-use, self-applicable (by the patient) and cheap method of local analgesia, with acceptable results. Possible complications related to this procedure are insignificant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care, KBC Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia. egoluza@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goluza
authors.forename: Tvrtko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hudolin
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kastelan
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peric
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murselovic
authors.forename: Hrvoje
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sosic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013488:Suppositories; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010919:Placebos; D013488:Suppositories; D008012:Lidocaine; D005990:Glycerol