title: Functional dyspepsia is associated with sleep disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional dyspepsia (FD) is highly prevalent. We evaluated sleep quality in FD patients, and quantified the relationship between disordered sleep, FD severity, and mental and physical well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were adults who met Rome III criteria for FD. Demographics, tobacco and alcohol use, exercise, level of activity, and FD symptoms were determined based on data collected from 131 patients (mean age 50 ± 15 years; 82% female and 94% Caucasian) who completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire, the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Healthy controls (n = 50; mean age = 44 ± 11 years; 92% female) answered the same questions excluding those which focused on FD symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of FD symptoms was 106 ± 98 months. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression score was higher in FD patients than in controls (P < .001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scores were higher in FD patients with moderate and severe symptoms compared with those with mild symptoms and controls (P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis associated FD (odds ratio [OR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-7.20) and female sex (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-5.7) with an increased likelihood for disordered sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FD is associated with disordered sleep. Sleep disturbances in FD patients appear to be associated with symptom severity and higher levels of anxiety. Further research is needed to determine whether disordered sleep promotes symptoms of FD.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA. brian.lacy@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Everhart
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Crowell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult