title: A pseudotype baculovirus expressing the capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus and a T-cell immunogen shows enhanced immunogenicity in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock which causes severe economic loss in cloven-hoofed animals. Vaccination is still a major strategy in developing countries to control FMD. Currently, inactivated vaccine of FMDV has been used in many countries with limited success and safety concerns. Development of a novel effective vaccine is must.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, two recombinant pseudotype baculoviruses, one expressing the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) under the control of a cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter (CMV-IE), and the other the caspid plus a T-cell immunogen coding region under a CAG promoter were constructed, and their expression was characterized in mammalian cells. In addition, their immunogenicity in a mouse model was investigated. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced by pseudotype baculovirus were compared with those of inactivated vaccine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and indirect sandwich-ELISA (IS-ELISA) showed both recombinant baculoviruses (with or without T-cell epitopes) were transduced efficiently and expressed target proteins in BHK-21 cells. In mice, intramuscular inoculation of recombinants with 1 × 109 or 1 × 1010 PFU/mouse induced the production of FMDV-specific neutralizing antibodies and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Furthermore, recombinant baculovirus with T-cell epitopes had better immunogenicity than the recombinant without T-cell epitopes as demonstrated by significantly enhanced IFN-γ production (P < 0.01) and higher neutralizing antibody titer (P < 0.05). Although the inactivated vaccine produced the highest titer of neutralizing antibodies, a lower IFN-γ expression was observed compared to the two recombinant pseudotype baculoviruses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that pseudotype baculovirus-mediated gene delivery could be a alternative strategy to develop a new generation of vaccines against FMDV infection.
authors.affiliation: Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Xujiaping No 1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China.
authors.forename: Yimei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Feipeng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Xiangtao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zaixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma