title: Comparisons of protein, lipid, phenolics, γ-oryzanol, vitamin E, and mineral contents in bran layer of sodium azide-induced red rice mutants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bran part of red rice grain is concentrated with many phytochemicals, including proanthocyanidins, oryzanol and vitamin E, that exert beneficial effects on human health, but it contains low levels of essential minerals such as Fe and Zn. In the present study, the protein, lipid, phytochemicals and mineral contents in bran samples were compared among red rice SA-586 and its NaN₃-induced mutants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plant heights of NaN₃-induced mutants were decreased. The contents of protein, lipid, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total proanthocyanidins, total γ-oryzanol, total tocopherols and total tocotrienols also varied among the tested mutants. The brans of mutants M-18, M-56 and M-50 contained more proanthocyanidins, γ-oryzanol, vitamin E than that of SA-586, respectively. M-54 accumulated more Fe content (588.7 mg kg⁻¹ bran dry weight) than SA-586 (100.1 mg kg⁻¹ bran dry weight).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The brans of M-18, M-50 and M-56 are good sources of proanthocyanidins, vitamin E and γ-oryzanol, respectively, while the bran of M-54 is rich in Fe. Thus these mutants could be used to produce high-value phytochemicals or Fe byproducts from bran during rice grain milling or as genetic resources for rice improvement programs.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung County, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Toong Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Pei Tzu
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Yi Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Chia Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Min Tze
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jih Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000032:analysis*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D019810:Sodium Azide; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D008055:Lipids; D018977:Micronutrients; D008903:Minerals; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D059808:Polyphenols; D014131:Trace Elements; D014810:Vitamin E; D019810:Sodium Azide; C013172:gamma-oryzanol