title: Spatial orientation of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) after semicircular canal plugging and canal nerve section.
abstract: We investigated spatial responses of the aVOR to small and large accelerations in six canal-plugged and lateral canal nerve-sectioned monkeys. The aim was to determine whether there was spatial adaptation after partial and complete loss of all inputs in a canal plane. Impulses of torques generated head thrusts of ≈ 3,000°/s². Smaller accelerations of ≈ 300°/s² initiated the steps of velocity (60°/s). Animals were rotated about a spatial vertical axis while upright (0°) or statically tilted fore-aft up to ± 90°. Temporal aVOR yaw and roll gains were computed at every head orientation and were fit with a sinusoid to obtain the spatial gains and phases. Spatial gains peaked at ≈ 0° for yaw and ≈ 90° for roll in normal animals. After bilateral lateral canal nerve section, the spatial yaw and roll gains peaked when animals were tilted back ≈ 50°, to bring the intact vertical canals in the plane of rotation. Yaw and roll gains were identical in the lateral canal nerve-sectioned monkeys tested with both low- and high-acceleration stimuli. The responses were close to normal for high-acceleration thrusts in canal-plugged animals, but were significantly reduced when these animals were given step stimuli. Thus, high accelerations adequately activated the plugged canals, whereas yaw and roll spatial aVOR gains were produced only by the intact vertical canals after total loss of lateral canal input. We conclude that there is no spatial adaptation of the aVOR even after complete loss of specific semicircular canal input.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. sergei.yakushin@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Sergei B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yakushin
authors.forename: Mingjia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raphan
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008954:Models, Biological; D009949:Orientation; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014725:Vestibular Nerve / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery