title: Respiratory dysfunction in patients with sepsis: protective effect of diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is a common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. In a Western population, risk of respiratory dysfunction was lower in diabetic patients with sepsis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare organ dysfunction, particularly respiratory dysfunction, between sepsis patients with and without diabetes mellitus in an Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital discharge data were collected for the period 2004 through 2008. Patients with sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and organ dysfunction were identified by using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 9th Revision, Australian Modification codes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 383 238 patients hospitalized during the 5 years, 2943 of the 9221 who had sepsis also had diabetes (31.9%).The most common organ dysfunctions in patients with sepsis were renal (31.5%), cardiovascular (19.2%), and respiratory (10.9%). Among patients with sepsis, respiratory dysfunction was less likely in patients with diabetes (9.4%) than in those without (11.6%; P = .002), but renal dysfunction was more likely in patients with diabetes (46.5%) than in those without (24.4%; P < .001). However, only 27.6% of patients with diabetes had a respiratory source of sepsis compared with 33.4% in patients without diabetes (P < .001). Among patients with sepsis, diabetes mellitus was a significant and independent predictor of respiratory dysfunction (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.98) after adjustments for age, sex, ethnicity, admission to intensive care, number of comorbid conditions, and other infection sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among an Asian population, respiratory dysfunction in patients with sepsis is less likely to develop in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. yang.yong@sgh.com.sg
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zakir-Hussain Abdul
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: Biauw Chi
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Kok Soong
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult