title: Modeling treatment-resistant depression.
abstract: Depression is a polygenic and highly complex psychiatric disorder that is currently a major burden on society. Depression is highly heterogeneous in presentation and frequently exhibits high comorbidity with other psychiatric and somatic disorders. Commonly used treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are not ideal since only a subset of patients achieve remission. In addition, the reason why some individuals respond to SSRIs while others don't are unknown. Here we begin to ask what the basis of treatment resistance is, and propose new strategies to model this phenomenon in animals. We focus specifically on animal models that offer the appropriate framework to study treatment resistance with face, construct and predictive validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin Adam
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: Eduardo David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gadient
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Denis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Alain Michel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gardier
authors.forename: Erik H F
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000378:metabolism; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors