title: Anxiety sensitivity and pain-related anxiety in the prediction of fear responding to bodily sensations: A laboratory test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present investigation sought to examine the simultaneous effects of anxiety sensitivity and pain-related anxiety on fear and anxious responding to a 10% carbon dioxide enriched air challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 247 adults (53% women; mean age=21.91 years, S.D.=8.41) recruited from the community. At the laboratory, participants were administered a structured clinical interview, completed a battery of self-report measures, and underwent a 10% carbon dioxide enriched air challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both anxiety sensitivity and pain-related anxiety were significantly and uniquely predictive of post-challenge panic attacks, total post-challenge panic attack symptoms, and intensity of cognitive panic attack symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity, but not pain-related anxiety, also was predictive of post-challenge physical panic symptoms. The observed significant effects for both anxiety sensitivity and pain-related anxiety were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by gender, age, current level of nonspecific bodily pain, and negative affectivity. Neither anxiety sensitivity nor pain-related anxiety was significantly predictive of change in anxiety focused on bodily sensations or heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that anxiety sensitivity and pain-related anxiety, although related to one another, may be independently important variables underlying fear reactivity to bodily sensations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
authors.forename: Julianna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McLeish
authors.forename: Kristin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Weibust
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology; D058748:Pain Perception; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires