title: Molecular cloning of ATR5(Emoy2) from Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, an avirulence determinant that triggers RPP5-mediated defense in Arabidopsis.
abstract: RPP5 is the seminal example of a cytoplasmic NB-LRR receptor-like protein that confers downy mildew resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we describe the cloning and molecular characterization of the gene encoding ATR5(Emoy2), an avirulence protein from the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolate Emoy2. ATR5(Emoy2) triggers defense response in host lines expressing the functional RPP5 allele from Landsberg erecta (Ler-0). ATR5(Emoy2) is embedded in a cluster with two additional ATR5-like (ATR5L) genes, most likely resulting from gene duplications. ATR5L proteins do not trigger RPP5-mediated resistance and the copy number of ATR5L genes varies among H. arabidopsidis isolates. ATR5(Emoy2) and ATR5L proteins contain a signal peptide, canonical EER motif, and an RGD motif. However, they lack the canonical translocation motif RXLR, which characterizes most oomycete effectors identified so far. The signal peptide and the N-terminal regions including the EER motif of ATR5(Emoy2) are not required to trigger an RPP5-dependent immune response. Bioinformatics screen of H. arabidopsidis Emoy2 genome revealed the presence of 173 open reading frames that potentially encode for secreted proteins similar to ATR5(Emoy2), in which they share some motifs such as EER but there is no canonical RXLR motif.
authors.affiliation: University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cevik
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byrne-Richardson
authors.forename: Kee Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woods-Tör
authors.forename: H Murat
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Jonathan D G
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beynon
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Holub
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tör
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D060467:Disease Resistance; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005796:Genes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000235:genetics*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C107295:RPP5 protein, Arabidopsis