title: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as an AIDS-defining condition in a patient with high CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.
abstract: We present the case of a 31-year-old man with acute manifestation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as an AIDS-defining disease. The patient presented with a three-day history of neurological disease, brain lesions without mass effect or contrast uptake and a slightly increased protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. A serological test for HIV was positive and the CD4+ T-cell count was 427/mm³. Histological examination of the brain tissue revealed abnormalities compatible with PML. The disease progressed despite antiretroviral therapy, and the patient died three months later. PML remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG.
authors.forename: Roberta Oliveira de Paula e
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Rafaela Cabral Gonçalves
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Fabiano
authors.forename: Moisés Salgado
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lambertucci
authors.forename: Luciana Cristina dos Santos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed