title: Bias in tensor based morphometry Stat-ROI measures may result in unrealistic power estimates.
abstract: A series of reports have recently appeared using tensor based morphometry statistically-defined regions of interest, Stat-ROIs, to quantify longitudinal atrophy in structural MRIs from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). This commentary focuses on one of these reports, Hua et al. (2010), but the issues raised here are relevant to the others as well. Specifically, we point out a temporal pattern of atrophy in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment whereby the majority of atrophy in two years occurs within the first 6 months, resulting in overall elevated estimated rates of change. Using publicly-available ADNI data, this temporal pattern is also found in a group of identically-processed healthy controls, strongly suggesting that methodological bias is corrupting the measures. The resulting bias seriously impacts the validity of conclusions reached using these measures; for example, sample size estimates reported by Hua et al. (2010) may be underestimated by a factor of five to sixteen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Stein Institute for Research on Aging, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: wes.stat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wesley K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male