title: Consequences of conceptus exposure to colony-stimulating factor 2 on survival, elongation, interferon-τ secretion, and gene expression.
abstract: Exposure of bovine conceptuses to colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) from days 5 to 7 of development can increase the percentage of transferred conceptuses that develop to term. The purpose of this experiment was to understand the mechanism by which CSF2 increases embryonic and fetal survival. Conceptuses were produced in vitro in the presence or absence of 10  ng/ml CSF2 from days 5 to 7 after insemination, transferred into cows, and flushed from the uterus at day 15 of pregnancy. There was a tendency (P=0.07) for the proportion of cows with a recovered conceptus to be greater for those receiving a CSF2-treated conceptus (35% for control versus 66% for CSF2). Antiviral activity in uterine flushings, a measure of the amount of interferon-τ (IFNT2) secreted by the conceptus, tended to be greater for cows receiving CSF2-treated conceptuses than for cows receiving control conceptuses. This difference approached significance when only cows with detectable antiviral activity were considered (P=0.07). In addition, CSF2 increased mRNA for IFNT2 (P=0.08) and keratin 18 (P<0.05) in extraembryonic membranes. Among a subset of filamentous conceptuses that were analyzed by microarray hybridization, there was no effect of CSF2 on gene expression in the embryonic disc or extraembryonic membranes. Results suggest that the increase in calving rate caused by CSF2 treatment involves, in part, more extensive development of extraembryonic membranes and capacity of the conceptus to secrete IFNT2 at day 15 of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0910, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Mauricio G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Favoreto
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carambula
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ealy
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D005865:Gestational Age; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053538:Keratin-18 / Q000235:genetics; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D007370:Interferon Type I; D053538:Keratin-18; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C020947:interferon tau; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor