title: Dyslipidaemia in patients with lupus nephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is little data on the prevalence and severity of dyslipidaemia in Asian patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Whether the dyslipidaemia in LN patients differs from subjects with comparable levels of renal impairment also remains undefined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipid profiles of 100 Chinese patients with quiescent LN (age 46.3 ± 9.3 years, 83% female, maintenance prednisolone dose 5.80 ± 2.43 mg/day) were studied and compared with 100 controls who had non-lupus non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases (CKD), matched for sex, age and renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LN patients and CKD controls had similar renal function and proteinuria, while blood pressure was higher in controls. Twenty-five percent of LN patients and 17% of controls were receiving statin treatment. Despite this, 59% of LN patients and 46% CKD controls showed abnormal lipid parameters (P = 0.066). LN patients showed higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) than controls (5.28 ± 0.12 vs 4.86 ± 0.08 mmol/L, P = 0.004; and 1.62 ± 0.12 vs 1.20 ± 0.07 mmol/L, P = 0.002, respectively). More LN patients had abnormal TC, TG or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (54%, 16% and 38%; P = 0.016, = 0.005 and = 0.021, respectively). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment was associated with lower TC, LDL-C and HDL-cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidaemia is prevalent in LN patients and is more severe than controls with a similar degree of CKD despite disease quiescence, low steroid dose and low level of proteinuria. Concomitant corticosteroid and renal impairment are likely contributing factors. HCQ treatment is associated with reduced severity of dyslipidaemia in LN patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yip Boon
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Desmond Y H
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Colin S O
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Tak Mao
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids