title: The stimulating effects of ethanol on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons projecting to the ventral pallidum and medial prefrontal cortex in female Wistar rats: regional difference and involvement of serotonin-3 receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ventral tegmental area (VTA) mediates the local stimulating effects of ethanol (EtOH) in a region-dependent manner, with EtOH administration in the posterior but not anterior VTA stimulating the mesolimbic system. The serotonin-3 (5-HT(3)) receptor has been involved in the effects of EtOH on the mesolimbic system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study tested the hypothesis that EtOH would stimulate mesopallidal and mesocortical dopamine neurons in the posterior but not anterior VTA and that the stimulating effects of EtOH in the VTA would involve activation of local 5-HT(3) receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar female rats were surgically implanted with two cannulae, one in one sub-region of the VTA for microinjection and the other in the ventral pallidum (VP) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for microdialysis. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid or EtOH (200 mg%; 44 mM) was microinjected in the anterior or posterior VTA, and extracellular dopamine was measured in the VP or mPFC with microdialysis-HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EtOH injections in the posterior but not anterior VTA significantly increased extracellular dopamine levels in the VP and mPFC. Co-injections of the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist ICS-205,930 with EtOH in the posterior VTA significantly reduced the effects of EtOH on extracellular dopamine levels in the VP and mPFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that posterior VTA dopamine neurons projecting to the VP and mPFC are stimulated by local administration of EtOH and that the local stimulating effects of EtOH are mediated, at least in part, by 5-HT(3) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-4887, USA. zding@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Zheng-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Engleman
authors.forename: Sheketha R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Zachary A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Rodd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017551:Microdialysis; D008845:Microinjections; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077526:Tropisetron; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D000431:Ethanol; D000077526:Tropisetron; D004298:Dopamine