title: Impact of multiorgan fusion imaging and interactive 3-dimensional visualization for intraventricular neuroendoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging technologies have evolved to meet the demand for improved presurgical simulations, particularly with the introduction of endoscopic surgery in the neurosurgical field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-dimensional interactive visualization method with a computer graphics model, which was created using hybrid rendering and multimodal fusion methods for neuroendoscopic surgery, and to assess whether the 2-dimensional interactive visualization method could effectively represent the microsurgical anatomical information necessary for endoscopic surgery compared with conventional 3-dimensional computer graphics models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients scheduled for neuroendoscopic surgery for intraventricular lesions were included in the study. For the 3-dimensional interactive visualization method, a hybrid model of volume and surface rendering was created from magnetic resonance images combined with computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Preoperative radiographic images were fused with the normalized mutual information method. Visibility of anatomic structures was compared between the multifusion models and nonfusion models created from only heavy-T2-weighted images that rely solely on the surface rendering method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average visibility score of the multifusion models was 97.5% (range, 95.6% to 100%), which was significantly higher than that for nonfusion models (35.9% to 64.1%; P = .002). The multifusion model represents an improved visualization method for preoperative virtual simulation for neuroendoscopic intraventricular surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our 3-dimensional imaging method is superior to conventional methods and will greatly improve the safety and effectiveness of neuroendoscopic surgical procedures for complex intraventricular lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tkin-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kin
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Kyousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunimatsu
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momose
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*