title: Relationship between fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) signal intensity and inflammatory mediator's levels in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis.
abstract: We investigated a relationship between the FLAIR signal found in mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and inflammation. Twenty nine patients were selected through clinical and MRI analysis and submitted to cortico-amygdalo-hippocampectomy to seizure control. Glutamate, TNFα, IL1, nitric oxide (NO) levels and immunostaining against IL1β and CD45 was performed. Control tissues (n=10) were obtained after autopsy of patients without neurological disorders. The glutamate was decreased in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) -MTS group (p<0.001), suggesting increased release of this neurotransmitter. The IL1β and TNFα were increased in the hippocampus (p<0.05) demonstrating an active inflammatory process. A positive linear correlation between FLAIR signal and NO and IL1β levels and a negative linear correlation between FLAIR signal and glutamate concentration was found. Lymphocytes infiltrates were present in hippocampi of TLE patients. These data showed an association between hippocampal signal alteration and increased inflammatory markers in TLE-MTS.
authors.affiliation: Neurology/Neurosurgery Department, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo Vasconcellos
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Varella
authors.forename: Joselita Ferreira Carvalho
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carrete
authors.forename: Elisa Mieko Suemitsu
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.forename: Elza Márcia Targas
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yacubian
authors.forename: Ricardo Silva
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Centeno
authors.forename: Luís Otávio Sales Ferreira
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Caboclo
authors.forename: Eduardo Ferreira de
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Castro Neto
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canzian
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.forename: Esper Abrão
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
authors.forename: Maria da Graça
authors.initials: Mda G
authors.lastname: Naffah-Mazzacoratti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D012598:Sclerosis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens