title: Double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing real versus placebo acupuncture to improve tolerance of diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy without sedation: a study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedation prior to performance of diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDE) is widespread and increases patient comfort. But 98% of all serious adverse events during EGDEs are ascribed to sedation. The S3 guideline for sedation procedures in gastrointestinal endoscopy published in 2008 in Germany increases patient safety by standardization. These new regulations increase costs because of the need for more personnel and a prolonged discharge procedure after examinations with sedation. Many patients have difficulties to meet the discharge criteria regulated by the S3 guideline, e.g. the call for a second person to escort them home, to resign from driving and working for the rest of the day, resulting in a refusal of sedation. Therefore, we would like to examine if an acupuncture during elective, diagnostic EGDEs could increase the comfort of patients refusing systemic sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center, double blinded, placebo controlled superiority trial to compare the success rates of elective, diagnostic EGDEs with real and placebo acupuncture. All patients aged 18 years or older scheduled for elective, diagnostic EGDE who refuse a systemic sedation are eligible. 354 patients will be randomized. The primary endpoint is the rate of successful EGDEs with the randomized technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real or placebo acupuncture before and during EGDE. Duration of study: Approximately 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organisation/Responsibility The ACUPEND--Trial will be conducted in accordance with the protocol and in compliance with the moral, ethical, and scientific principles governing clinical research as set out in the Declaration of Helsinki (1989) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP). The Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Center (IEZ) of the University Hospital Heidelberg is responsible for design and conduct of the trial, including randomization and documentation of patients' data. Data management and statistical analysis will be performed by the independent Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics (IMBI) and the Center of Clinical Trials (KSC) at the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The trial is registered at Germanctr.de (DRKS00000164) on December 10th 2009. The first patient was randomized on February 2nd 2010.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany. phillip.knebel@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knebel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruckner
authors.forename: Cm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plaschke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Streitberger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaible
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bopp
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome