title: Disturbed glucoregulatory response to food intake after moderate sleep restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiological studies point to a strong association between short sleep duration and the development of diabetes. We examined the hypothesis that short-term sleep loss decreases glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and, if so, how these changes relate to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) secretory activity and markers of subclinical inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a balanced, within-subject design, circulating glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, ACTH, cortisol, and IL-6 levels were closely monitored during a 15-h daytime period following 2 nights of restricted sleep (02:45-07:00) and 2 nights of regular sleep (bedtime 22:45-07:00), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-deprivation suite within a university medical center sleep laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 healthy, unmedicated normal-weight men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep restriction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-breakfast concentrations of blood parameters were unchanged following sleep manipulation (P > 0.30). However, insulin and glucose peak responses to breakfast intake at 08:00 were distinctly increased by sleep restriction in comparison to regular sleep (398.5 ± 57.4 vs. 284.3 ± 51.5 pmol/L and 6.8 ± 0.3 vs. 6.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively; all P < 0.02), while glucagon responses were blunted by sleep loss (P = 0.03). There were no differences in circulating ACTH, cortisol, and IL-6 concentrations between the 2 conditions (all P > 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate an impairment of glucose tolerance after 2 days of sleep restriction to ~4 h that appears to be primarily caused by a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Unchanged HPA secretory activity and IL-6 concentrations argue against a mediation of these effects by stress-related or inflammatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallschmid
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jauch-Chara
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilms
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schultes
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D006854:Hydrocortisone