title: Evaluation of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and first-phase insulin secretion in obese dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare beta-cell sensitivity to glucose, first-phase insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance between dogs with naturally occurring obesity of > 2 years' duration and lean dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 client-owned obese or lean dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance tests were performed with minimal model analysis on 6 obese dogs and matched controls. Glucagon stimulation tests were performed on 5 obese dogs and matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese dogs were half as sensitive to the effects of insulin as lean dogs. Plasma glucose concentrations after food withholding did not differ significantly between groups; plasma insulin concentrations were 3 to 4 times as great in obese as in lean dogs. Obese dogs had plasma insulin concentrations twice those of lean dogs after administration of glucose and 4 times as great after administration of glucagon. First-phase insulin secretion was greater in obese dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese dogs compensated for obesity-induced insulin resistance by secreting more insulin. First-phase insulin secretion and beta-cell glucose sensitivity were not lost despite years of obesity-induced insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. These findings help explain why dogs, unlike cats and humans, have not been documented to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. k.verkest@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Kurt R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Verkest
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fleeman
authors.forename: Jacquie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000662:veterinary*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon