title: An index of relative central α-adrenergic receptor antagonism by antipsychotic medications.
abstract: Antipsychotic medications exert variable and clinically significant levels of antagonism at central α-adrenergic receptors. To evaluate the impact of this activity on both clinical and experimental measures, an index estimating the relative activity of these medications is needed. We comprehensively searched the empirical literature testing in vitro binding to mammalian brain α-adrenergic receptors of all antipsychotic medications available for clinical use in the United States as of August 2010 and created a quantitative summary index of the potency of binding to α receptors relative to haloperidol (HALα1 and HALα2 equivalents). The potency of binding at α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors varies widely among these medications, with a 532-fold range for α1 antagonism and a 400-fold range for α2 antagonism among atypical antipsychotics. There is considerable overlap between atypical and typical antipsychotic medication groups on each of these measures. This index of HALα equivalents should facilitate the determination of the effects of α-adrenergic antagonism by these medications on clinical efficacy, side effects, and biological and cognitive measures of illness and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. michael.minzenberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Minzenberg
authors.forename: Jong H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D006220:Haloperidol