title: Different anesthesia methods for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the possibility of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using two different anesthesia procedures (spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 68 patients with symptoms of cholelithiasis examined in the 309th Hospital of PLA from 2006 to 2009. Patients were randomly selected to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low tension pneumoperitoneum with CO(2) under general anesthesia (n=33) or spinal anesthesia (n=35). The study used propofol, fentanyl, rocuronium, sevoflurane and tracheal intubation for general anesthesia and hyperbaric 15 mg bupivacaine and 20 µg fentanyl were used to achieve a sensorial level of T(3) for spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative parameters, postoperative pain, complications, recovery, patient satisfaction and cost were compared between both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All surgical procedures were completed with the chosen method with the exception of one case, in which spinal anesthesia was converted to general anesthesia. Shoulder pain was significantly less frequent in the spinal anesthesia group (6%) compared with the general anesthesia group (24%). The level of pain at 2, 4, and 6 h after the procedure under spinal anesthesia was significantly lower than that under general anesthesia. At 12 h both groups had the same evaluation in the visual analogue scale. In the spinal anesthesia group all patients recovered 6 h after surgery, while patients in the general anesthesia group spent more time in recovery. All patients were discharged from hospital after 24 h. In the postoperative evaluation all patients were satisfied with the spinal anesthesia and would recommend this procedure, while only 78.9% of patients were very satisfied in the general anesthesia group. The cost of spinal anesthesia was significantly lower than that of general anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumoperitoneum with CO(2) can be safely performed under spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was associated with an extremely low level of postoperative pain, better recovery and lower cost than general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China. sci2002@163.com
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen