title: Using the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) to evaluate the need for mental health services in association with biomarkers of disease status among HIV positive men and women.
abstract: Psychological distress states have been related to rate of disease progression among HIV-positive individuals. However, the measures that have been used in this research as well as the treatment context of the populations studied are highly variable, making it challenging for clinicians to incorporate such measures into screening batteries. The present study examined the association of two summary scales of the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD; Millon et al., Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic. NCS Assessments, Minneapolis, 2001), with markers of HIV disease status (CD4 and CD8 cell counts, viral load) among an ethnically diverse sample of 147 HIV-positive individuals (52 men who have sex with men, 34 men who have sex with women, and 51 women) who had recently initiated Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). After controlling for age and months since HIV diagnosis, we found that higher scores on the overall MBMD Psych Referral Summary Scale, reflecting a need for mental health treatment, were related to greater HIV viral load but did not relate to CD4 or CD8 cell counts. Subgroup analyses revealed that Psych Referral scores were related to greater HIV viral load only for the men who have sex with men (MSM) subgroup. These results suggest that the MBMD may help in identifying psychosocial characteristics associated with some markers of disease status in persons with HIV and perhaps may also be useful in identifying individual differences in response to treatment and eventual disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06268-1020, USA. caitlin.burbridge@uconn.edu
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burbridge
authors.forename: Dean G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cruess
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Antoni
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meagher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000523:psychology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D019562:Viral Load