title: A discussion of the intervention thresholds in osteoporosis treatment in Poland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological prognoses regarding the global spread of post-menopausal osteoporosis can prove somewhat nebulous. But it is clear that low-energy fractures and their consequences will become an increasingly serious health problem. Therefore it is crucial to implement prognostic procedures which could more effectively predict the incidence of osteoporosis and its complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 378 female patients aged 40-86 years for whom clinical risk factors of osteoporotic fracture were analysed. Densitometry (DPX) was performed at femoral neck. The 10-year risk of fracture was assessed according to the British model of FRAX calculator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group was divided into two, depending on the history of low-energy fractures. Previous osteoporotic fractures were confirmed in 128 patients. In this group, the mean bone mineral density (BMD) values (0.717 g/cm(2)) were lower than in the group without fracture history (0.735 g/cm(2)). In 33.3% of patients aged 50-59 years and 17% of women aged 60-79 who required medical treatment for their clinical status (previous fracture), the FRAX value did not meet the criterion of pharmacotherapy administration. Considering BMD in the calculation of FRAX produced an even higher underestimation of the fracture risk. Of women aged 40-49, 25% were qualified for pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis. In that particular age category, BMD did not affect the FRAX value. BMD measurement had a higher discriminatory value among patients aged 50-79, increasing the number of patients requiring therapy by more than 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. The FRAX calculator does not always consider the history of low-energy fractures as a criterion sufficient for therapy implementation. 2. Designing a FRAX calculator specifically for the Polish population would be advisable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Medical University, Poznań, Poland. mmarcin@ump.edu.pl
authors.forename: Michalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcinkowska
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ignaszak-Szczepaniak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wawrzyniak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dytfeld
authors.forename: Wanda Horst-Sikorskamichalina
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Marcinkowska
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ignaszak-Szczepaniak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wawrzyniak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dytfeld
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horst-Sikorska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors