title: The clinical relevance of chromogranin A as a biomarker for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: Chromogranin A, although it exhibits limitations, is currently the most useful general tumor biomarker available for use in the diagnosis and management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The value of the chromogranin A lies in its universal cosecretion by the majority of neuroendocrine cells that persists after malignant transformation. Clinicians aware of the physiologic role of chromogranin A and its secretion in a variety of non-NET-related pathologic conditions can use this protein as a moderately effective tumor biomarker in the management of GEP-NETs.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, PO Box 208602, New Haven, CT 06520-8062, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Bjorn I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavel
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Svejda
authors.forename: Irvin M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Modlin
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003940:Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine / Q000592:standards; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D055099:Neuroendocrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053379:Chromogranin A