title: Repellency of a kaolin particle film to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), on tomato under laboratory and field conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, causing several diseases in solanaceous crops. Laboratory and field no-choice and choice experiments were conducted to evaluate the repellency of kaolin particle film on adults of B. cockerelli on tomato plants that had been sprayed with kaolin particle film on the upper surface only, on the lower surface only and on both leaf surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In no-choice tests in the laboratory, the numbers of adults on leaves were not different between the kaolin particle film and the water control, regardless of which leaf surface(s) were treated, but numbers of eggs were lower on the leaves treated with kaolin particle film than on those treated with water. In choice tests on plants treated with water/plants treated with kaolin particle film at ratios of 1:1, 6:3 or 8:1, fewer adults and eggs were found on the leaves treated with kaolin particle film than on leaves treated with water. Under field conditions, in caged no-choice or choice tests, fewer adults, eggs and nymphs were found on plants treated with kaolin particle film than on plants treated with water. In an uncaged test under field conditions, plants sprayed with kaolin particle film had fewer psyllids than those sprayed with water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though potato psyllid adults could land on plants treated with kaolin particle film when no choice was given, fewer eggs were laid. When given a choice, the psyllids avoided plants treated with kaolin particle film under laboratory and field conditions. Kaolin particle film treatment may be a useful alternative for management of potato psyllids under field conditions.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Linian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Trumble
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Munyaneza
authors.forename: Tong-Xian
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007616:Kaolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007616:Kaolin