title: Associations between whole-grain intake, psychosocial variables, and home availability among elementary school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop, refine, and test psychosocial scales for associations with whole-grain intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Minneapolis/St. Paul suburban elementary school with children in fourth through sixth grades (n = 98) and their parents (n = 76). Variables of interest were child whole-grain intake, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, preferences, knowledge regarding whole-grain food, and whole-grain availability at home. Correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency and test-retest correlation coefficients for child psychosocial scales were modest or acceptable (α = .55-.70). Parents reported a mean of 15 ± 7 whole-grain products available at home. Child mean daily intake of total grain was about 8 servings, and intake of products containing whole grain was slightly over 2 servings. Reported home availability and refined-grain intake were significantly related to whole-grain intake, whereas psychosocial variables were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Home availability may be a more important variable associated with whole-grain intake than psychosocial variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. rose0560@umn.edu
authors.forename: Renee A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Teri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Burgess-Champoux
authors.forename: Len
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marquart
authors.forename: Marla M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reicks
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors