title: Effect of globin digest on the liver injury and hepatic gene expression profile in galactosamine-induced liver injury in SD rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of globin digest (GD) on the liver injury and hepatic gene expression profile in galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of GD on the liver injury was examined by measuring the activities of serum transferases and hepatic antioxidant enzymes, histopathological analysis, gene expression profile, and proteins of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and met proto-oncogene (c-Met) in SD rats at 24 h after GalN administration. The effect of GD on the expression of PPARα and its target gene in AML-12 mouse hepatocytes was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GD suppressed the elevated activities of serum transferases in GalN-induced liver injury in SD rats. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content in GalN-injured liver was a decreasing tendency by GD. GD suppressed the increased oxidized glutathione content, and increased the decreased protein, reduced glutathione contents, and catalase activity in GalN-injured liver. GD may improve the antioxidant defense system and protein synthesis in GalN-injured liver. GD suppressed the elevated expression of the genes related to the inflammation, and decreased the histopathological grade value of inflammatory cell infiltration in GalN-injured liver. GD increased the expression of PPARα protein in GalN-injured liver, and also increased the expression of PPARα and its target gene in AML-12 hepatocytes. The total and phosphorylated c-Met proteins in GalN-injured liver were the increasing tendencies by GD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that GD has the hepatoprotective effect on GalN-induced liver injury in SD rats.
authors.affiliation: MG Pharma Inc., 7-7-25, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasakawa
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakaoka
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kominami
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Chizuko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fukuhama
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005914:Globins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D047495:PPAR gamma; D005688:Galactosamine; D005914:Globins; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met