title: Non-union of an undisplaced radial styloid fracture in a heavy smoker: revisiting the association of smoking and bone healing.
abstract: Isolated radial styloid fractures occur relatively infrequently, with non-union of such fractures, especially when undisplaced, being highly unusual. Smoking of tobacco, a common habit which is decreasing in prevalence in the developed world, has been proven to exert many adverse effects on tissue healing including bone union. We present a case of non-union of an undisplaced radial styloid fracture in the dominant hand of a young and healthy heavy smoker, emphasising the negative impact of tobacco smoke and its association with bone repair. We suggest that heavy tobacco users should also be followed up more vigilantly with this complication in mind, with smoking cessation modalities being offered on presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hillingdon Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK. ksarraf@gmail.com
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.forename: Aniket
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavare
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Somashekar
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Langstaff
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology