title: Application of language processing techniques to capture the use of nursing clinical terms from narrative statements: report of a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors piloted the use of the "General Architecture for Text Engineering" (GATE) program in an analysis of writings from the nursing literature to determine if this standard language processing technique could be used to capture the use of complex nursing terms. This work was undertaken as an initial step in evaluating if widely-available natural language processing methods could be applied to narrative nursing notes in a way that a nursing diagnosis could be identified and extracted from a narrative text.
  
  
  METHODS
  For purposes of the pilot study, the complex nursing term "powerlessness", which is identified as a NANDA-I nursing diagnosis, was selected as the test case. A PubMed search was performed on the term "powerlessness" limited to articles in the nursing literature that contained abstracts, resulting in 232 articles published between 1981 to 2010 meeting the criteria. Three-sentence extracts from each abstract were analyzed by applying GATE to identify noun and adjective roots occurring in close proximity to the index word, and then identifying if these proximal words reflected the standardized defining characteristics, adjectives and qualifiers of the diagnostic term.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis resulted identification 2,174 unique terms. While a few terms coincided with the NANDA-I defining characteristics of "powerlessness", most of the established defining characteristics were not reflected in the use of the term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Machine language processing techniques are promising in identifying meanings and contextual use of words related to nursing concepts, but the use of such words in published papers does not represent definitions found in standard nursing nomenclature. Nursing writers use terms that are also understood outside the disciplinary domain, making standardization and coding particularly challenging. Future research in Nursing should apply the techniques described to clinical reports and to evaluate the match between clinical usage and standardized meanings.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frisch
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D048108:Nursing Informatics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D009626:Terminology as Topic