title: Prostate cancer characterization on MR images using fractal features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computerized detection of prostate cancer on T2-weighted MR images.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors combined fractal and multifractal features to perform textural analysis of the images. The fractal dimension was computed using the Variance method; the multifractal spectrum was estimated by an adaptation of a multifractional Brownian motion model. Voxels were labeled as tumor/nontumor via nonlinear supervised classification. Two classification algorithms were tested: Support vector machine (SVM) and AdaBoost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments were performed on images from 17 patients. Ground truth was available from histological images. Detection and classification results (sensitivity, specificity) were (83%, 91%) and (85%, 93%) for SVM and AdaBoost, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classification using the authors' model combining fractal and multifractal features was more accurate than classification using classical texture features (such as Haralick, wavelet, and Gabor filters). Moreover, the method was more robust against signal intensity variations. Although the method was only applied to T2 images, it could be extended to multispectral MR.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U703, Université Nord de France, 152 rue du Docteur Yersin, 59120 Loos, CHRU Lille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayache
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puech
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mordon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Betrouni
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve