title: The hawk/goose story: the classical ethological experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen, revisited.
abstract: We present a historical account of the story behind the famous hawk/goose experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen in a wider context of cognitive ethology. We discuss their significance, for ethological experimentation in general, and specifically for understanding innate constraints on cognition. As examples of the continuing significance of the hawk/goose paradigm of selective habituation, we discuss its relation to "exposure therapy" of human phobias and the use of hawk silhouettes as deterrents for songbirds. Finally we rephrase Uexküll's thesis of taxon-specific worlds ("Umwelten") as a "Theory of World."
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. wolfgang.schleidt@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schleidt
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shalter
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moura-Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019336:Cognitive Science / Q000266:history*; D004372:Ducks; D004924:Escape Reaction; D005010:Ethology / Q000266:history*; D005239:Fear; D005777:Geese; D005858:Germany; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D046428:Hawks; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy / Q000266:history*; D007323:Instinct; D009903:Optical Illusions; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000266:history*; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D013045:Species Specificity; D014422:Turkeys