title: The effects of single bouts of aerobic exercise, exergaming, and videogame play on cognitive control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of single bouts of aerobic exercise, exergaming, and action videogame play on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and task performance indices of cognitive control were investigated using a modified flanker task that manipulated demands of attentional inhibition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed four counterbalanced sessions of 20 min of activity intervention (i.e., seated rest, seated videogame play, and treadmill-based and exergame-based aerobic exercise at 60% HR(max)) followed by cognitive testing once heart rate (HR) returned to within 10% of pre-activity levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated decreased RT interference following treadmill exercise relative to seated rest and videogame play. P3 amplitude was increased following treadmill exercise relative to rest, suggesting an increased allocation of attentional resources during stimulus engagement. The seated videogame and exergame conditions did not differ from any other condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that single bouts of treadmill exercise may improve cognitive control through an increase in the allocation of attentional resources and greater interference control during cognitively demanding tasks. However, similar benefits may not be derived following short bouts of aerobic exergaming or seated videogame participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although exergames may increase physical activity participation, they may not exert the same benefits to brain and cognition as more traditional physical activity behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, 317 Louise Freer Hall, 906 South Goodwin Avenue, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pontifex
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Scudder
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hillman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult