title: A method for estimating the orientation of a directional sound source from source directivity and multi-microphone recordings: principles and application.
abstract: Taking into account directivity of real sound sources makes it possible to try solving an interesting and biologically relevant problem: estimating the orientation in three-dimensional space of a directional sound source. The source, of known directivity, produces a broadband signal (in the ultrasonic range, in this application) that is recorded by microphones whose position with respect to source is known. An analytical method to process the recorded signals and estimate source orientation is developed in this paper. Experiments testing method performance in estimating source orientation were performed both in a laboratory environment with a Polaroid transducer as source and in a flight room with a Myotis daubentonii bat. In the first case, results showed the estimation method to be accurate and pointed out its limitations. The latter case is significant as an example biological application of the method for extracting behavioral features from bats; results are compared with alternative calculations based on microphone root-mean-square (rms)-pressure values.
authors.affiliation: Mærsk McKinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guarato
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanderelst
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surlykke
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005426:Flight, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013017:Sound Localization; D014159:Transducers; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014828:Vocalization, Animal