title: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery using a multi-functional miniature in vivo robot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing methods used to perform laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) require multiple laparoscopic tools that are inserted into the peritoneal cavity through a single, specialized port. These methods are inherently limited in visualization and dextrous capabilities by working through a single access point. A miniature in vivo robotic platform that is completely inserted into the peritoneal cavity through a single incision can address these limitations, providing more intuitive manipulation capabilities and improved visualization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The miniature in vivo robotic platform for LESS consists of a multi-functional robot and a remote surgeon interface. The robot has two arms and specialized end effectors that can be interchanged to provide monopolar cautery, tissue manipulation, and intracorporeal suturing capabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This robot has been demonstrated in multiple non-survival procedures in a porcine model, including four cholecystectomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using a multi-functional miniature in vivo robot platform to perform LESS.
authors.affiliation: Walter Scott Engineering Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0656, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wortman
authors.forename: Kyle W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Strabala
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Shane M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Farritor
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oleynikov
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D008904:Miniaturization; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*