title: Efficacy of the canine influenza virus H3N8 vaccine to decrease severity of clinical disease after cochallenge with canine influenza virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
abstract: Since first emerging in the North American canine population in 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N8 has shown horizontal transmission among dogs, with a high level of adaptation to this species. The severity of disease is variable, and coinfection by other respiratory pathogens is an important factor in the degree of morbidity and mortality. The first influenza vaccine for dogs, an inactivated vaccine containing CIV subtype H3N8, was conditionally approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for licensure in May 2009 and fully licensed in June 2010. This study evaluates the efficacy of this vaccine to reduce the severity of illness in dogs cochallenged with virulent CIV and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Laurie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henningson
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Bliss
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Muralidhar S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Huchappa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jayappa
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wasmoen
authors.forename: Nallakannu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lakshmanan
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D056990:Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018502:Streptococcus equi / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines