title: Violence against educators: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identify the magnitude and risk factors for occupational physical assault (PA) and nonphysical violence (NPV) against Minnesota educators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 26,000 randomly selected licensed kindergarten to grade 12 educators, 6469 eligible educators reported whether they experienced PA or NPV during the prior year. Multiple logistic regression models were based on directed acyclic graphs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respective PA and NPV annual rates per 100 educators were 8.3 and 38.4. Work changes resulted among PA (13% to 20%) and NPV (22%) victims. Risks increased for master's prepared or education specialists who worked in public alternative schools and special education. Risks decreased for those working for more than 20 years, part time, and in private schools. Physical assault risk decreased when teaching grades 3 to 12 (vs kindergarten to grade 2), but NPV risk increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted efforts on specific violence risk and protective factors are essential to improve educators' work environments.
authors.affiliation: Regional Injury Prevention Research Center and Center for Violence Prevention and Control, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA. gerbe001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gerberich
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nachreiner
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Mindy S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Geisser
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mongin
authors.forename: Gavin D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Feda
authors.forename: Starr K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.forename: Evette D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pinder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*