title: International guidelines for prevention and management of post-operative chronic pain following inguinal hernia surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide uniform terminology and definition of post-herniorrhaphy groin chronic pain. To give guidelines to the scientific community concerning the prevention and the treatment of chronic groin and testicular pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of nine experts in hernia surgery was created in 2007. The group set up six clinical questions and continued to work on the answers, according to evidence-based literature. In 2008, an International Consensus Conference was held in Rome with the working group, with an audience of 200 participants, with a view to reaching a consensus for each question.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consensus was reached regarding a definition of chronic groin pain. The recommendation was to identify and preserve all three inguinal nerves during open inguinal hernia repair to reduce the risk of chronic groin pain. Likewise, elective resection of a suspected injured nerve was recommended. There was no recommendation for a procedure on the resected nerve ending and no recommendation for using glue during hernia repair. Surgical treatment (including all three nerves) should be suggested for patients who do not respond to no-surgery pain-management treatment; it is advisable to wait at least 1 year from the previous herniorraphy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consensus reached on some open questions in the field of post-herniorrhaphy chronic pain may help to better analyze and compare studies, avoid sending erroneous messages to the scientific community, and provide some guidelines for the prevention and treatment of post-herniorraphy chronic pain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alfieri
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Amid
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campanelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Izard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kehlet
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wijsmuller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Miceli
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Doglietto
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002908:Chronic Disease; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000294:innervation; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000293:injuries; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013737:Testis / Q000294:innervation