title: Low 25-OH vitamin D serum levels correlate with severe fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients with chronic hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent findings in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-monoinfected patients have shown a correlation between low serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and severe liver fibrosis and low sustained virologic response to therapy. Data are lacking in HIV-HCV coinfected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty nine HIV-HCV coinfected patients, who received ≥80% of interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin therapy, were analyzed for baseline serum 25(OH)D3 levels. Correlations between serum 25(OH)D3 levels, chronic hepatitis C features, HCV virologic response to antiviral therapy, and HIV infection characteristics were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum 25(OH)D3 level was 18.5 ± 9.8 ng/ml, including 162 (85%) patients with level ≤30 ng/ml. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly correlated with the histological Metavir fibrosis score (r = -0.16; p = 0.027). Patients with severe fibrosis (Metavir F3/F4) had lower serum 25(OH)D3 levels compared to F2 and F1 patients (16.2 ± 10.0 vs. 18.9 ± 8.5 and 20.9 ± 11.1 ng/ml, respectively; p = 0.06). In multivariate analysis, low serum 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with severe liver fibrosis (p = 0.04) and cold season (p = 0.0002). Serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were also significantly correlated with liver fibrosis as assessed by FibroTest® (r = -0.22; p = 0.008) and serum α2-macroglobulin levels (r = -0.23; p = 0.006). In contrast, no correlation was found between 25(OH)D3 levels and HCV sustained virologic response to IFN-based therapy [OR 0.98 (0.95-1.01); p = 0.22]. No association was found between 25(OH)D3 levels and markers of HIV-related immunodeficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HIV-HCV coinfected patients, low serum 25(OH)D3 levels correlate with severe liver fibrosis. In contrast, serum 25(OH)D3 levels are not linked to HCV virologic response to therapy or severity of immunodeficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carrat
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geri
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pol
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piroth
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halfon
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poynard
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Souberbielle
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D014807:Vitamin D; D012254:Ribavirin; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D