title: Carp transferrin can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of cadmium ions.
abstract: Cadmium is a widespread heavy metal that enters the aquatic environment and affects many processes involved in fish reproduction such as sperm motility. Fish seminal plasma proteins can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of heavy metals. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of a major carp seminal plasma protein-transferrin (TF) to bind cadmium ions and to neutralize the toxic effect of cadmium on carp sperm motility. To obtain a high quantity of carp seminal plasma TF necessary for the experiment, immunoaffinity chromatography as a one-step isolation procedure was established. The titration of TF with cadmium ions spectrophotometrically at 247nm revealed that TF binds cadmium ions at only one spectrophotometrically-sensitive binding site, which suggests that TF is capable of neutralizing the cadmium toxic effect. Indeed, the addition of carp TF to carp semen incubated with 50ppm cadmium for 48h led to about a four-times higher percentage of sperm motility (30.3±1.1%) in comparison to samples incubated with only 50ppm cadmium (8.2±5.2%). Similarly, higher values of other parameters of sperm movement measured by a computer-assisted sperm motility analysis system (VSL, VCL and ALH) were observed at the presence of transferrin. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that transferrin from carp seminal plasma can protect sperm motility from cadmium toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Semen Biology Group, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland. m.dietrich@pan.olsztyn.pl
authors.forename: Mariola A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Grzegorz J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hliwa
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciereszko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011485:Protein Binding; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D017186:Titrimetry; D014168:Transferrin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; D014168:Transferrin; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium