title: The Vietnam War and medical research: untold legacy of the U.S. Doctor Draft and the NIH "Yellow Berets".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  From the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 through the end of the Vietnam War in 1973, many American physicians were inducted into military service through the Doctor Draft. Some fulfilled their obligations by conducting clinical research in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Associate Training Program (ATP) and later labeled themselves "Yellow Berets." The authors examined the history of the ATP and its influence on NIH associates' future careers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Via interviews with former associates and archival research, the authors explored the training and collaboration in the ATP during 1953-1973. Using databases, they compared later academic positions of associates with those of nonassociate peers who also entered academia and identified associates with prestigious awards or honorary society memberships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physician-scientists trained in the selective ATP were highly qualified individuals who received training and networking opportunities not available to others. They were approximately 1.5 times as likely as nonassociates to become a full professor, twice as likely to become chair of a department, and three times as likely to become a dean. Associates were also more likely to hold positions at top-ranked medical schools, to fill leadership roles in the NIH, and to win prestigious awards and honorary society memberships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cadre of physician-scientists trained in the ATP during the Doctor Draft rose through the academic ranks to leadership roles and continued their productive scientific collaborations. Their legacy continues to have implications for medical research today, particularly for training programs in clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. skhot@uw.edu
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khot
authors.forename: Buhm Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Longstreth
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history*; D002322:Career Mobility; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000266:history*; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000266:history*; D016730:Program Development; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000266:history*; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000266:history; D014481:United States; D047829:Vietnam Conflict