title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and anemia in patients with coronary artery disease with normal serum creatinine undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: relation to New York Heart Association class.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney disease and cardiovascular disease seem to be lethally synergistic and both are approaching the epidemic level. A reduced glomerular filtration rate is associated with increased mortality risk in patients with heart failure. Many patients with congestive heart failure are anemic. Anemia is very often associated with chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess--in relation to New York Heart Association class--the prevalence of anemia and chronic kidney disease in patients with normal serum creatinine in a cohort of 526 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  GFR was estimated using the simplified MDRD formula, the Cockcroft-Gault formula, the Jeliffe and the novel CKD-EPI formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the WHO definition the prevalence of anemia in our study was 21%. We observed a progressive decline in GFR and hemoglobin concentration together with a rise in NYHA class. Significant correlations were observed between eGFR and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, age, NYHA class, complications of PCI, including bleeding, and major adverse cardiac events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of anemia and chronic kidney disease is high in patients undergoing PCI despite normal serum creatinine, particularly in higher NYHA class. Lower eGFR and hemoglobin are associated with more complications, including bleeding after PCI and higher prevalence of major adverse cardiac events. In patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, GFR should be estimated since renal dysfunction and subsequent anemia are important risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland. jolmal@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachorzewska-Gajewska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: Nomy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levin-Iaina
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iaina
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dobrzycki
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine