title: HIV-1 infected patients with suppressed plasma viremia on treatment have pro-inflammatory HDL.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of pro-inflammatory lipids in systemic immune activation in HIV infection remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that HIV-1-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy would have pro-inflammatory high density lipoprotein (HDL), and that an apoA-1 mimetic peptide might reverse the inflammatory properties of HDL in these persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma was obtained from 10 HIV-1-infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viremia and was incubated with the apoA-I mimetic peptide L-4F or sham-treated prior to isolation of HDL. The HDL that was isolated from each sample was tested for its ability to inhibit LDL-induced MCP-1 production in cultures of human aortic endothelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found in a small pilot study of HIV-1-infected individuals with suppressed viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy that oxidative stress and inflammation in HIV-1 are associated with a marked reduction of HDL antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities. In vitro, these abnormalities were significantly improved by treatment with the apoA-1 mimetic peptide, 4F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary observations suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL are defective in HIV-1-infected persons despite treatment that is considered to be virologically successful.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. tkelesidis@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelesidis
authors.forename: Otto O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Judith S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: Kaveh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Navab
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fogelman
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navab
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL