title: Changes in subclinical organ damage vs. in Framingham risk score for assessing cardiovascular risk reduction during continued antihypertensive treatment: a LIFE substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether in-treatment measurements of subclinical organ damage (SOD) assessed by elevated urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) or electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy improved the prediction of the composite cardiovascular endpoint of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke beyond in-treatment Framingham risk score (FRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Excluding patients with a composite cardiovascular endpoint within the first year of treatment, 598 endpoints occurred in 6460 patients from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study with baseline and 1 year values for UACR, left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiography and FRS available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using Cox-regression analyses, FRS(1year) [hazard ratio=1.006 (0.98-1.04)] did not predict the endpoint independently of history of cardiovascular disease [hazard ratio=1.76 (1.49-2.08)], FRS(baseline) [hazard ratio=1.07 (1.04-1.11)], UACR(baseline) [hazard ratio=1.15 (1.07-1.23), all three P<0.001], Sokolow-Lyon(baseline) [hazard ratio=1.01 (1.006-1.02), P<0.01] and treatment allocation, whereas Cornell product(1year) [hazard ratio=1.01 (1.006-1.02), P<0.001] and to some degree UACR(1year) [hazard ratio=1.05 (0.99-1.10), P=0.09] predicted the endpoint independently of history of cardiovascular disease [hazard ratio=1.71 (1.44-2.02)], FRS(baseline) [hazard ratio=1.08 (1.06-1.10)], Sokolow-Lyon(baseline) [hazard ratio=1.01 (1.007-1.02), both P<0.001], UACR(baseline) [hazard ratio=1.11 (1.03-1.20), P<0.01] and treatment allocation decreasing -2 Log likelihood significantly (P<0.01).Presence of left ventricular hypertrophy by Cornell product(1year) or UACR(1year) at least 1 mmol/l [hazard ratio=1.40 (1.15-1.70), P=0.001] but not FRS(1year) above the median baseline value of 20 [hazard ratio=1.22 (0.94-1.57), not significant] was associated with higher risk of subsequent endpoint after adjustment for history of cardiovascular disease [hazard ratio=1.82 (1.54-2.15)], FRS(baseline) at least 20 [hazard ratio=1.67 (1.30-2.16)], left ventricular hypertrophy by Sokolow-Lyon(baseline) or UACR(baseline) at least 1 mmol/l [hazard ratio=1.61 (1.33-1.94), all P<0.001] and treatment allocation [hazard ratio=0.93 (0.79-1.09), not significant]. In contrast to FRS(1year) at least 20 decreased, SOD(1year) decreased -2Log likelihood significantly (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cornell product(1year) and UACR(1year) improved in contrast to FRS(1year) risk prediction based on FRS(baseline), Sokolow-Lyon(baseline) and UACR(baseline) significantly in LIFE patients during antihypertensive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. mho@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibsen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Sverre E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Omvik
authors.forename: Markku S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlöf
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Okin
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents