title: First Italian experience in single incision laparoscopic nephrectomy. Assessing and overcoming new challenges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The need to enlarge one of laparoscopic holes for specimen retrieval at the end of a laparoscopic nephrectomy, suggested us to use this final access for the entire procedure. We describe our technique placing trocars directly on the fascia once the skin and the subcutaneous layers were prepared.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10 consecutive patients series operated by Single Incision Laparoscopic Nephrectomy (SILN) is presented. With a 5 cm mean skin incision, the fascia was prepared and 3/4 trocars inserted separately directly on the fascia. Surgical strategy followed the standard technique, except for the use of articulating instruments and 5 mm optic. Demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), operative time, blood loss, perioperative complications, transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, analgesic requirement, length of stay, final pathology were recorded. Postoperative and prior-to-discharge Video Analogue Scale Pain (VAS) evaluation were also collected, together with the limitations inherent to the instruments placing and parallel driving during the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SILN was successfully completed in all but one cases. The mean operative time was 169 min (mean blood loss 113 ml). Without major perioperative complications, the patients were discharged early (mean 5.3 days). Four patients had a BMI > 30. For specimen retrieval (neoplasms) two trocars holes were joined. One patient required analgesics; the mean post-operative and prior-to-discharge VAS scores were 5.7 and 1.4, respectively. Pathology examination confirmed 4 pyelonephritic kidneys, 4 renal carcinoma and 2 upper-urinary tract carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SILN is feasible, safe, with favourable perioperative and short-term outcomes. It's technically more challenging than standard laparoscopy requiring advanced surgical skills.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, "S. Pio da Pietrelcina" Hospital, Vasto (CH), Italy. s.gidaro@libero.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gidaro
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cindolo
authors.forename: Fabiola Raffaella
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tamburro
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schips
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*