title: Confirmation of HIV-like sequences in respiratory tract bacteria of Cambodian and Kenyan HIV-positive pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteria and yeasts isolated from respiratory tracts of 39 Cambodian and 28 Kenyan HIV-positive children were tested for the presence of HIV-1 sequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteria and yeasts from the respiratory tract (nose, pharyngeal swabs) were isolated from 39 Cambodian and 28 Kenyan HIV-positive children. Bacterial chromosomal DNA was prepared by standard protocol and by Qiagen kit. The PCR specific for HIV sequences was carried out using HIV-1-specific primers.The analysis was performed by colony and dot-blot hybridization using HIV-1-specific primers which represent gag, pol and env genes of the virus. The sequencing of some PCR products was performed on the ABI 373 DNA Sequencer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of microbes were characterized as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and resp. Candida albicans. In some cases E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Candida tropicalis were identified. Bacteria of 16 Cambodian (41%) and 8 Kenyan (31%) children were found to be positive in colony and dot-blot DNA hybridization. By the sequencing of PCR products synthesized on the template of patients' bacterial DNA using primers 68;69 for env HIV-1 gene, homology of greater than 90% with HIV-1 isolate HXB2 (HIVHXB2CG) was revealed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacteria and yeasts from the respiratory tract of 41% of Cambodian and 31% of Kenyan HIV-positive children bear HIV-like sequences. The role of bacteria in the HIV disease process is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zajac
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matelova
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liskova
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mego
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Holec
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Adamcikova
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stevurkova
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahum
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krcmery
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002160:Cambodia; D002648:Child; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral