title: Are there cross-cultural differences of ADL ability in children measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In many studies of self-care assessments for children, cultural differences in age-norm values have been shown. No study has evaluated whether there are cross-cultural differences in ADL motor and/or process skills in children when measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if there were systematic differences in ADL ability measured with the AMPS between children from the Nordic countries and North America and to evaluate the applicability of the existing international age-normative values for children from these two regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Values from a total of 4 613 children, 3-15 years old, without known disabilities, from these geographical regions were compared with ANOVA. The difference in logits between each region and the mean values for each age group were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences of relevance in age-related ADL ability measures between children from the two geographical regions were found, and the age-norm values are applicable to both regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AMPS may be considered free from cultural bias and useful in both clinical practice and research concerned with children in both the Nordic countries and North America.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. marie.peny-dahlstrand@neuro.gu.se
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peny-Dahlstrand
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gosman-Hedström
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krumlinde-Sundholm
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills; D009656:North America; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis