title: Smaller low-density lipoprotein size as a possible risk factor for the prevalence of coronary artery diseases in haemodialysis patients: associations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and the hepatic lipase gene polymorphism with low-density lipoprotein size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smaller low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size has recently been reported as a non-traditional lipid risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and the C/T hepatic lipase (HL) gene polymorphism may promote LDL size reduction via the CETP-mediated exchange of CE for triglyceride (TG) and subsequent HL-mediated TG hydrolysis in LDL. However, little is known about LDL size status and its relationship with CAD prevalence in haemodialysis (HD) patients who are at high risk for atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  CETP levels, HL genotypes and LDL size were determined, and the determinants of LDL size and its association with CAD prevalence in HD patients (n = 236) aged over 30 years were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HD patients had a similar LDL size to the healthy subjects. In the HD group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was an independent positive determinant of LDL size, while log(10) (TG) was an independent negative determinant in the high (≥2.1 µg/mL) but not low (<2.1 µg/mL) CETP group. In the patients with hypertriglyceridemia, the high CETP group had a significantly smaller LDL size than the low CETP group. Among the patients with above-median TG levels, the CC genotype and CETP were independent negative determinants of LDL size. In the whole group and the high CETP group, the patients with CAD had a significantly smaller LDL size than those without CAD. Finally, DM and smaller LDL size were identified as independent risk factors for CAD prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These suggest that a smaller LDL size, which is associated with higher levels of TG and CETP and the HL/CC genotype, may serve as a risk factor for CAD in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. hkimura@u-fukui.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masunaga
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasuno
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Haruyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016014:Linear Models; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; C504173:LIPC protein, human; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D008049:Lipase