title: Cerebral measurements made using cranial ultrasound in term Ugandan newborns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few cUS studies of cerebral measurements are available for normal term infants. Normative data is important for evaluating cerebral structure size in symptomatic term infants and assessing preterm brain growth by term age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To (i) make linear measurements using cranial ultrasound (cUS) for major cerebral structures and intracranial spaces in normal newborn term infants, (ii) correlate these measurements with gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), head circumference (HC), gender and within one infant (iii) examine inter/intra-observer variation, and (iv) compare these data with those currently available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear cUS measurements of major cerebral structures were made in well term-born Ugandan infants at Mulago University Hospital, Kampala. Correlations between the measurements and gender, HC, BW and GA were calculated. Intra- and inter-observer agreements were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 106 infants (mean GA 39.20±1.4SD weeks) were analysed. Intra/inter-observer agreement was substantial/excellent. Significant correlations were found between HC and pons anterior-posterior diameter (p<0.01), corpus callosal (CC) length (p=0.02) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD, p<0.01) and between BW and CC length (p=0.02), vermis height (<0.01) and thalamo-occipital distance (p=0.03); no significant correlation was found with GA. Within infants CC length and TCD correlated significantly (p=0.019). Males had larger left ventricular indices than females (p=0.04). The data was similar to those from other populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide reliable reference values for linear measurements of many cerebral structures made using cUS. The data agree well with those from other populations suggesting that cerebral size is similar in different ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: EGA UCL Institute for Women's Health, UCL, UK.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hagmann
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Acolet
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nyombi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakakeeto
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014454:Uganda