title: Oral levosimendan improves filling pressure and systolic function during long-term treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral levosimendan improves ventricular function in short-term clinical trials. The effects of long-term treatment with oral levosimendan were investigated on echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function in patients with chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with NYHA III-IV congestive chronic HF were prospectively enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Oral levosimendan was administered on top of existing medication over a treatment period of at least 180 days. Echocardiographic measurements estimating pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and tissue Doppler mitral basal myocardial velocities (Sm, Em) were performed at baseline and 90 and 180 days after randomisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated PCWP at baseline was elevated in both groups and decreased by 13% in the levosimendan group compared to an increase of 9% in the placebo group (p = 0.035). Sm was decreased in both groups at baseline and improved by 0.9 cm/s in the levosimendan group and decreased by 0.1 cm/s in the placebo group (p = 0.035). Levosimendan did not significantly alter heart rate or systolic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral levosimendan improved hemodynamic function in chronic heart failure patients and the effect was sustained over the 180-day follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalanko
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivikko
authors.forename: Veli-Pekka
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Harjola
authors.forename: Markku S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laine
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000077464:Simendan; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077464:Simendan