title: The influence of secondary conditions on job acquisition and retention in adults with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations of job acquisition and job retention to secondary conditions, hospitalizations, and nursing home stays for adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of longitudinal data from multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples of adults participating in the SCI Model Systems; the first sample consisted of persons who reported being unemployed at follow-up (n=9501); the second sample consisted of those who reported working at follow-up (n=5,150).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Job acquisition (change from not working at 1 anniversary of injury to working at the following data collection) and job retention (maintenance of work between 2 assessment periods).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discrete time hazard modeling was used to assess how secondary conditions affect job acquisition. After controlling for the effects of demographic and injury characteristics, hospitalizations within the last 12 months were associated with decreased chance of having obtained employment. Hierarchic logistic regression analyses were used to examine job retention. Hospitalizations and the presence of PUs were associated with lower odds of job retention once demographic and injury characteristics were controlled. Secondary conditions from the previous assessment period were not significantly related to either job acquisition or job retention after the variance from demographic and injury characteristics and current secondary conditions were controlled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitalization, as well as a limited number of secondary conditions, were associated with reduced odds of both job acquisition and job retention among adults with SCI. Interventions that can prevent secondary conditions and reduce the need for hospitalizations may be beneficial in improving employment for this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. mameade@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Forchheimer
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charlifue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult