title: Acute pancreatitis in obesity: adipokines and dietary fish oil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pancreatitis is a substantial clinical problem accounting for 240,000 hospital admissions yearly in the United States. Obesity is epidemic and is clearly an independent risk factor for increased severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes a variety of metabolically active substances termed adipokines. However, the role of adipokines in modulating acute pancreatitis severity remains incompletely understood. Dietary fish oil is rich in omega-3 free fatty acids and attenuates adipose tissue-induced inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that feeding obese mice diets rich in fish oil would alter the adipokine milieu and attenuate the severity of pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lean (C57BL/6 J) and obese (LepDb) mice were fed either a soybean oil- or fish oil-rich diet for 4 weeks. AP was induced by six hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg). Serum adipokine levels were measured, and pancreatitis severity was assessed histologically and by measuring pancreatic concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), myleoperoxidase (MPO), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese mice developed more severe pancreatitis than lean mice. Fish oil significantly decreased serum leptin (lean and obese) and increased serum adiponectin (lean only). Fish oil did not alter the baseline pancreatic inflammatory milieu, nor did it change histologic or biochemical pancreatitis severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that a diet rich in fish oil altered the adipokine milieu in lean and congenitally obese mice; however, fish oil did not improve pancreatitis severity induced with cerulein hyperstimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Drive, RT 130, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Hayder H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Al-Azzawi
authors.forename: Terence E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Swartz-Basile
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Zyromski
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002108:Ceruletide / Q000009:adverse effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D020799:Pancrelipase / Q000737:chemistry; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D020799:Pancrelipase; D013024:Soybean Oil; D002108:Ceruletide; D009195:Peroxidase