title: Thoracoscopic resection of symptomatic herniated thoracic discs: clinical results in 121 patients.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained surgical database.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the indications, surgical procedures performed, and outcomes from the largest series of thoracoscopically treated herniated thoracic discs (HTDs). We also compared approach-related complications with an unmatched cohort undergoing thoracotomy for HTD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic HTDs are rare, and their surgical management is technically challenging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively maintained surgical database of all patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic HTDs by the senior author (blinded for review) was reviewed. As needed, the database was supplemented with hospital and clinic charts and telephone conversations with patients. A triportal method of thoracoscopic discectomy was performed in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1994 and 2008, 121 patients underwent 125 thoracoscopic-assisted operations for 139 HTDs. Their mean age at surgery was 46.6 years. Indications for thoracoscopic resection currently include small symptomatic disc, anterior location, nonmorbidly obese patient, favorable chest anatomy, and T4-T11 location. Symptom duration averaged 32 months. Radiculopathy was the most common presentation, followed by myelopathy and pain (radiculopathic or back). The mean hospital stay was 4.8 days. Chest tubes remained in place for a mean of 3.2 days. At a mean follow-up of 2.4 years, myelopathy, radiculopathy, and back pain had resolved or improved at a rate of 91.1%, 97.6%, and 86.5%, respectively. Patients reported worsening in 0%, 1.2%, and 0% of cases, respectively. Most patients (97.4%) would be willing to undergo the operation again. The complication rate was acceptable. Patients undergoing thoracoscopic excision had less approach-related morbidity than an unmatched cohort undergoing excision using thoracotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive method of treating symptomatic HTDs in appropriately selected patients. The symptoms of most patients improve or resolve with minimal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wait
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dickman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult