title: Oxygen transfer rate during the production of alginate by Azotobacter vinelandii under oxygen-limited and non oxygen-limited conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) play an important role in determining alginate production and its composition; however, no systematic study has been reported about the independent influence of the OTR and DOT. In this paper, we report a study about alginate production and the evolution of the molecular mass of the polymer produced by a wild-type A. vinelandii strain ATCC 9046, in terms of the maximum oxygen transfer rate (OTRmax) in cultures where the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) was kept constant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that in the two dissolved oxygen conditions evaluated, strictly controlled by gas blending at 0.5 and 5% DOT, an increase in the agitation rate (from 300 to 700 rpm) caused a significant increase in the OTRmax (from 17 to 100 mmol L(-1) h(-1) for DOT of 5% and from 6 to 70 mmol L(-1) h(-1) for DOT of 0.5%). This increase in the OTRmax improved alginate production, as well as the specific alginate production rate (SAPR), reaching a maximal alginate concentration of 3.1 g L(-1) and a SAPR of 0.031 g(alg) g(biom)(-1) h(-1) in the cultures at OTRmax of 100 mmol L(-1) h(-1). In contrast, the mean molecular mass (MMM) of the alginate isolated from cultures developed under non-oxygen limited conditions increased by decreasing the OTRmax, reaching a maximal of 550 kDa at an OTRmax of 17 mmol L(-1) h(-1). However, in the cultures developed under oxygen limitation (0.5% DOT), the MMM of the polymer was practically the same (around 200 kDa) at 300 and 700 rpm, and this remained constant throughout the cultivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our results showed that under oxygen-limited and non oxygen-limited conditions, alginate production and its molecular mass are linked to the OTRmax, independently of the DOT of the culture.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo, Post, 510-3 Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D016948:Azotobacter vinelandii / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003470:Culture Media; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D010100:Oxygen