title: CSI-OMIM--Clinical Synopsis Search in OMIM.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The OMIM database is a tool used daily by geneticists. Syndrome pages include a Clinical Synopsis section containing a list of known phenotypes comprising a clinical syndrome. The phenotypes are in free text and different phrases are often used to describe the same phenotype, the differences originating in spelling variations or typing errors, varying sentence structures and terminological variants.These variations hinder searching for syndromes or using the large amount of phenotypic information for research purposes. In addition, negation forms also create false positives when searching the textual description of phenotypes and induce noise in text mining applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our method allows efficient and complete search of OMIM phenotypes as well as improved data-mining of the OMIM phenome. Applying natural language processing, each phrase is tagged with additional semantic information using UMLS and MESH. Using a grammar based method, annotated phrases are clustered into groups denoting similar phenotypes. These groups of synonymous expressions enable precise search, as query terms can be matched with the many variations that appear in OMIM, while avoiding over-matching expressions that include the query term in a negative context. On the basis of these clusters, we computed pair-wise similarity among syndromes in OMIM. Using this new similarity measure, we identified 79,770 new connections between syndromes, an average of 16 new connections per syndrome. Our project is Web-based and available at http://fohs.bgu.ac.il/s2g/csiomim
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resulting enhanced search functionality provides clinicians with an efficient tool for diagnosis. This search application is also used for finding similar syndromes for the candidate gene prioritization tool S2G.The enhanced OMIM database we produced can be further used for bioinformatics purposes such as linking phenotypes and genes based on syndrome similarities and the known genes in Morbidmap.
authors.affiliation: The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel. cohenrap@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Avitan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gefen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elhadad
authors.forename: Ohad S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Birk
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D046650:Medical Subject Headings; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D010641:Phenotype; D013577:Syndrome; D017432:Unified Medical Language System