title: Diagnostic efficacy of computer extracted image features in optical coherence tomography of the precancerous cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the diagnostic efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher by computer-aided diagnosis (CADx).
  
  
  METHODS
  OCT has been investigated as a screening/diagnostic tool in the management of preinvasive and early invasive cancers of the uterine cervix. In this study, an automated algorithm was developed to extract OCT image features and identify CIN 2 or higher. First, the cervical epithelium was detected by a combined watershed and active contour method. Second, four features were calculated: The thickness of the epithelium and its standard deviation and the contrast between the epithelium and the stroma and its standard deviation. Finally, linear discriminant analysis was applied to classify images into two categories: Normal/inflammation/CIN 1 and CIN 2/CIN 3. The algorithm was applied to 152 images (74 patients) obtained from an international study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of normal/inflammatory/CIN 1/CIN 2/CIN 3 images are 74, 29, 14, 24, and 11, respectively. Tenfold cross-validation predicted the algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 51% (95% CI: 36%-67%) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI: 86%-96%) with an empirical two-category prior probability estimated from the data set. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.86.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic efficacy of CADx in OCT imaging to differentiate high-grade CIN from normal/low grade CIN is demonstrated. The high specificity of OCT with CADx suggests further investigation as an effective secondary screening tool when combined with a highly sensitive primary screening tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 319 Wickenden Building, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. wxk29@case.edu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tresser
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kareta
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Belinson
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rollins
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology