title: Retinoid X receptor γ up-regulation is correlated with dedifferentiation of tumor cells and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: The expression of retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ) and the clinicopathological parameters of total 69 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) larger than 1 cm were examined. The PTCs were classified into two groups according to the presence of loss of cellular polarity/cohesiveness (LOP/C). The expression of RXRγ mRNA was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time PCR. The RXRγ mRNA up-regulation was found to be positively correlated with extrathyroid invasion (r = 0.293, P = 0.019), advanced tumor stage (r = 0.318, P = 0.016) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) (r = 0.338, P = 0.005), as well as LOP/C (r = 0.345, P = 0.004), which was proposed as a histological characteristic of poor cellular differentiation. The RXRγ mRNA expression, as well as extrathyroid invasion, LOP/C and advanced tumor stage, was further confirmed to be one of the independent predictive factors (Odds ratio: 6.545; 95% confidence interval: 1.575-27.208) of LNM using multivariate analysis. These results suggest that RXRγ may play a role in the dedifferentiation and metastasis of PTC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gengyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Yaqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Kennichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakudo
mesh_terms: D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D047491:Retinoid X Receptor gamma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D047491:Retinoid X Receptor gamma