title: Essential roles of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Capsulin and Musculin, during craniofacial myogenesis of zebrafish.
abstract: Capsulin and Musculin are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, but their biophysiological roles in zebrafish cranial myogenesis are unclear. Expressions of endogenous capsulin transcripts are detected at the central- (~24-hpf) and at dorsal- and ventral-mesoderm cores (~30-72 hpf) of branchial arches. In contrast, musculin transcripts are expressed as a two-phase manner: early phase (20-22 hpf) expressions of musculin are detected at the head mesoderm, whereas late-phase (36-72 hpf) are detected at all presumptive head-muscle precursors. Knockdown of either capsulin or musculin leads to loss of all cranial muscles without affecting trunk muscle development. The defective phenotypes of Capsulin- and Musculin-morphant can be rescued by co-injection of mRNA of each other. Both myf5 and myod transcripts are down-regulated in the Capsulin-morphant while myod transcripts are up-regulated in the Musculin-morphant. Therefore, we propose a putative regulatory network to understand how capsulin/musculin regulate distinctly either myf5 or myod during zebrafish craniofacial myogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chun Road, Tamsui, Taipei County 251, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Gang-Hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-Yen
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chia-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Yau-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006257:Head / Q000196:embryology; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D024510:Muscle Development; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C556397:Tcf21 protein, zebrafish; C569333:msc protein, zebrafish