title: Influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 activity during summer 2009. Effectiveness of the 2008-9 trivalent vaccine against pandemic influenza in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Spanish influenza surveillance system (SISS) maintained its activity during the summer of 2009 to monitor the influenza pandemic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe pandemic influenza activity from May to September 2009 and to estimate the effectiveness of the 2008-9 seasonal influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the SISS were used to identify the trend of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza outside the influenza season. For the effectiveness study, we compared the vaccination status of notified cases [influenza-like illnesses (ILI) laboratory confirmed as pandemic influenza] with that of the test-negative controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first laboratory-confirmed case of the pandemic virus was notified in the system in week 20/2009. The ILI rate increased gradually in the study period, exceeding basic activity in week 38. The proportion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses detected by the system represented 14% in week 20/2009 and rapidly increased to 90% in week 34. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness of the 2008-9 seasonal vaccine against laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza was 12% (-30; 41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SISS became an essential tool for pandemic monitoring in Spain. The improved SISS will provide more accurate information on influenza activity in future seasonal or pandemic waves. Using surveillance data, we could not demonstrate the effectiveness of the seasonal 2008-9 vaccine against laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain. alarrauri@isciii.es
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larrauri
authors.forename: Camelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savulescu
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Jorge
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Breña
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pozo
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ledesma
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Mateo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines