title: Increased frequency of micronuclei in lymphocytes of infertile males after exposure to gamma irradiation: a possible sign of genomic instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Induced chromosomal instability and micronucleus (MN) formation in blood lymphocytes of infertile men in comparison with fertile men exposed to gamma radiation was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples of healthy and infertile donors were irradiated by 2 and 4 Gy Co-60 gamma-rays, then cultured in RPMI-1640 complete medium containing 1% phytoheamaglutinin (PHA) and incubated in a CO(2) incubator. Cytochalasin-B was added to the cultures at a final concentration of 4 μg/ml. Finally, harvesting, slide making, and analysis were performed according to standard procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a statistically significant difference between the frequencies of micronuclei in lymphocytes of infertile individuals, compared to healthy donors, before and after exposure to gamma rays. Although higher in azoospermia patients, the frequency of MN was not statistically different between infertile groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that genomic instability in infertile men could probably contribute to the development of an impaired reproductive capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moghbeli-Nejad
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mozdarani
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aleyasin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003036:Cobalt Isotopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000235:genetics; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014501:Uranium / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003036:Cobalt Isotopes; D014501:Uranium