title: African Burkitt lymphoma: age-specific risk and correlations with malaria biomarkers.
abstract: African Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malaria biomarkers related to onset of African Burkitt lymphoma are unknown. We correlated age-specific patterns of 2,602 cases of African Burkitt lymphoma (60% male, mean ± SD age = 7.1 ± 2.9 years) from Uganda, Ghana, and Tanzania with malaria biomarkers published from these countries. Age-specific patterns of this disease and mean multiplicity of P. falciparum malaria parasites, defined as the average number of distinct genotypes per positive blood sample based on the merozoite surface protein-2 assessed by polymerase chain reaction, were correlated and both peaked between 5 and 9 years. This pattern, which was strong and consistent across regions, contrasted parasite prevalence, which peaked at 2 years and decreased slightly, and geometric mean parasite density, which peaked between 2 and 3 years and decreased sharply. Our findings suggest that concurrent infection with multiple malaria genotypes may be related to onset of African Burkitt lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. emmanuelb@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kawira
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ogwang
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wabinga
authors.forename: Josiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magatti
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nkrumah
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neequaye
authors.forename: Kishor
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Biggar
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mbulaiteye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers