title: [Results of combined chemotherapy and local ophtalmic therapy for intraocular retinoblastoma].
abstract: Until recently chemotherapy was used as adjuvant therapy after enucleation in cases with extraretinal spread of the disease (uveal extension, orbital extension, neoplastic infiltrates of the optic nerve at resection line, intracranial metastasis, generalized disease). Recent experience has proved that use of chemotherapy for intraocular retinoblastoma before local treatment (so called "chemoreduction") has allowed not only to decrease number of enucleations and indications for external beam irradiation or limit the extension of local therapy, but also increase chances for vision preservation and decrease the risk of severe complications. Seventy five children (with 106 involved eyes) aged 0.2 - 106 months with intraocular retinoblastoma diagnosed between January 1996 and June 2009 were the subject of this study. Among 106 involved eyes, in 70 (66%) the V stage according to Reese-Ellsworth classification (R-E) was established. Enucleation before chemotherapy was necessary in 9 (8.5%) cases, and in 22 more children the eye had to be removed after 1-2 courses of chemotherapy. In 68 remaining children (with 70 involved eyes) VEC (vincristine, etoposide, carboplatin) chemotherapy combined with delayed local therapy (cryotherapy, photocoagulation, brachytherapy) was employed. Out of 84 eyes treated by combined methods eye enucleation could be avoided in 47 (67%), including 18 (90%), 13 (87%) and 16 (46%) qualified to R-E group I-II, III-IV and V, respectively. First-line chemotherapy combined with the local treatment should be standard treatment for intraocular retinoblastoma groups I - IV. More effective therapy is required for R-E eye group V cases.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Onkologii i Hematologii Dzieciecej, PA Instytut Pediatrii UJ-CM, Kraków. balwierz@mp.pl
authors.forename: Walentyna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Balwierz
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pietrys
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romanowska-Dixon
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobylarz
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawińska-Wasikowska
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moryl-Bujakowska
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008028:Light Coagulation; D008297:Male; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin