title: A new method for the visualization and quantification of internal skin elasticity by ultrasound imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Skin elasticity has been assessed previously only in the surface layer. We developed a new method that uses tissue strain imaging (TSI) technology, and the aim of this study was to test this new method to assess internal skin elasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a pressure device with a 12 MHz ultrasound transducer, constant and linear compressions were applied to the cheek skin of 35 volunteers (aged: 20-60 years). The elasticity of each layer (dermis, subcutaneous and muscle) was measured and analyzed using the TSI application software incorporated into the Toshiba Aplio(™) XV ultrasound system. A skin tissue-equivalent phantom, which is a block of material with the acoustic velocity (1530 m/s) of human skin, was collaboratively developed by OST Inc. This phantom was placed between the skin and the transducer as a reference material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin elasticity was clearly visualized and quantified in each layer of the skin. Age-dependent decreases in elasticity were determined in all layers of the skin. Among the three internal skin layers, the highest elasticity was determined in the subcutaneous layer followed by the muscle layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the validity and sensitivity of the TSI method to assess the elasticity of various layers of skin.
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan. osanai.osamu@kao.co.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Mitsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitaharai
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takema
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006245:Hardness Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013396:Suction; D014732:Vibration