title: Side effects of endoscopic variceal ligation by using Indonesian Endoscopic Ligator versus Endoscopic Variceal Sclerotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the side effects and survival of endoscopic variceal ligation by using Indonesian Endoscopic Ligator versus Endoscopic Variceal Sclerotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  we studied the medical records and endoscopy reports of patients who underwent endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) or endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) from January 2003 until December 2006. EST was done using ethoxysclerol injection; and ligation was done using a home-made Indonesian endoscopic ligating device. Patient characteristics, side effects of EVL and EST, as well as survival and length of stay were collected. Data of side effects was analyzed by chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  there were no statistically significant differences of patients characteristics among both groups. The side effects in EVL group (29.2%) were less frequent than the EST group (60.9%) (p = 0.009). The death side effect in the EVL group (1.0%) was less frequent than in the EST group (21.7%) (p<0.001). The four-year survival in patients who had EVL and EST were 91.7% and 16.7%, respectively (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EVL had fewer side effects than EST in the treatment of esophageal varices bleeding. Death in the EVL group was lower than in the EST group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jl. Diponegoro no. 71, Jakarta Pusat 10450, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Marcellus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simadibrata
authors.forename: Ari F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Syam
authors.forename: Achmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fauzi
authors.forename: Murdani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Abdul A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult