title: MDM2 and CDK4 immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcomas and other primary fibro-osseous lesions of the bone.
abstract: Low-grade osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy that may be subdivided into two main subgroups on the basis of location in relation to the bone cortex, that is, parosteal osteosarcoma and low-grade central osteosarcoma. Their histological appearance is quite similar and characterized by spindle cell stroma with low-to-moderate cellularity and well-differentiated anastomosing bone trabeculae. Low-grade osteosarcomas have a simple genetic profile with supernumerary ring chromosomes comprising amplification of chromosome 12q13-15, including the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and murine double-minute type 2 (MDM2) gene region. Low-grade osteosarcoma can be confused with fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions such as fibromatosis and fibrous dysplasia on radiological and histological findings. We investigated MDM2-CDK4 immunohistochemical expression in a series of 72 low-grade osteosarcomas and 107 fibrous or fibro-osseous lesions of the bone or paraosseous soft tissue. The MDM2-CDK4 amplification status of low-grade osteosarcoma was also evaluated by comparative genomic hybridization array in 18 cases, and the MDM2 amplification status was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 31 cases of benign fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions. MDM2-CDK4 immunostaining and MDM2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were investigated in a control group of 23 cases of primary high-grade bone sarcoma, including 20 conventional high-grade osteosarcomas, two pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomas/malignant fibrous histiocytomas and one leiomyosarcoma. The results showed that MDM2 and/or CDK4 immunoreactivity was present in 89% of low-grade osteosarcoma specimens. All benign fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions and the tumors of the control group were negative for MDM2 and CDK4. These results were consistent with the MDM2 and CDK4 amplification results. In conclusion, immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 and CDK4 is specific and provides sensitive markers for the diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcomas, helping to differentiate them from benign fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions, particularly in cases with atypical radio-clinical presentation and/or limited biopsy samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Trousseau University Hospital and University François Rabelais, Tours Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dujardin
authors.forename: Matthieu Bui Nguyen
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Binh
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouvier
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez-Brouchet
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larousserie
authors.forename: Anne de
authors.initials: Ad
authors.lastname: Muret
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Louis-Brennetot
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aurias
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coindre
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillou
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedeutour
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: Gonzague
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Pinieux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005357:Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4