title: Chemical constituents from the stem bark of Symplocos paniculata Thunb. with antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The stem bark of Symplocos paniculata Thunb. has been used to check abortion in folk medicine in India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to isolate the phytochemicals from the plant together with the evaluation of antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extract and isolated compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plant extract was subjected to column chromatography for isolation of phytochemicals. The agar diffusion method was adopted for antimicrobial activity to determine MICs. Ethanolic extract and isolated compounds were selected for investigating their analgesic activity on acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stem bark of the plant afforded seven compounds, 4-(8-hydroxyethyl) cyclohexan-1-oic acid (1); androst-5(6)-ene 17-one 3β-O-(β-d-glucopyranoside) (2); 9β,25-cyclo 3β-O-(β-D glucopyranosyl)-echynocystic acid (3); 9β,19-cyclo 24-methylcholan-5,22-diene 3β-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6) α-L-rhamnopyranoside} (4); 30-ethyl 2α,16α-dihydroxy 3β-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl) hopan-24-oic acid (5); 32,33,34-trimethyl-bacteriohopan-16-ene 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and flavone 3',4',5',6-tetramethoxy 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3) β-D-glucopyranoside (7). The extract and isolated compounds exhibited antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study concludes that ethanolic extract of the plant and its constituents having significant antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi Badoni
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Semwal
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Semwal
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Semwal
authors.forename: Randhir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mohan Singh Maniyari
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rawat
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts