title: Procedural mishaps with trephine-based intraosseous anesthesia.
abstract: Failure to achieve profound anesthesia during dental treatment can be a significant problem for dental clinicians, especially for endodontic procedures on teeth in the mandibular arch with irreversible pulpitis. A number of supplemental local anesthesia techniques exist, the most effective of which may be the intraosseous injection. Two cases are presented demonstrating the dangers associated with the use of the intraosseous anesthesia technique. While the technique can provide profound anesthesia in otherwise difficult to anesthetize cases, care must be taken during its administration. Both cases show the damage done to the root and overlying bone by the injudicious use of the trephine. It is incumbent on the clinician to fully consider the anatomy in the area prior to insertion of the trephine. Intraosseous anesthesia techniques are a valuable addition to the clinicians' armamentarium. However careless administration can result in problems of endodontic or periodontal nature that may be difficult to rectify.
authors.forename: Joel C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Witherspoon
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001641:Bicuspid; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008875:Middle Aged; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local