title: Transcutaneous blepharoptosis surgery - advancement of levator aponeurosis.
abstract: Ptosis surgery has seen many advances in the last few decades, the most important of which have emerged as a result of better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the eyelid and orbit. Anterior approaches such as a levator aponeurosis advancement, tarsoaponeurectomy and posterior repair involving resection of Muller's muscle have proven to be effective in most cases. The focus of this article is a discussion of the indications, operative techniques, success rates and complications of transcutaneous levator advancement in detail.
authors.affiliation: West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford), Exeter EX25DS, UK.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waqar
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Madge