title: MHCI negatively regulates synapse density during the establishment of cortical connections.
abstract: Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecules modulate activity-dependent refinement and plasticity. We found that MHCI also negatively regulates the density and function of cortical synapses during their initial establishment both in vitro and in vivo. MHCI molecules are expressed on cortical neurons before and during synaptogenesis. In vitro, decreasing surface MHCI (sMHCI) on neurons increased glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse density, whereas overexpression decreased it. In vivo, synapse density was higher throughout development in β2m(-/-) mice. MHCI also negatively regulated the strength of excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses and controlled the balance of excitation and inhibition onto cortical neurons. sMHCI levels were modulated by activity and were necessary for activity to negatively regulate glutamatergic synapse density. Finally, acute changes in sMHCI and activity altered synapse density exclusively during early postnatal development. These results identify a previously unknown function for immune proteins in the negative regulation of the initial establishment and function of cortical connections.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marian W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Bradford M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Elmer
authors.forename: Paula A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Garay
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Leigh A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Needleman
authors.forename: Faten
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Sabeawy
authors.forename: A Kimberley
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I