title: Clinical use of ultrasonography associated with color Doppler in the diagnosis and follow-up of acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current role of the Ultrasound associated with the color-Doppler in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and to compare ultrasound images with CT images in order to reduce the amount radiation absorbe without significant loss of diagnostic efficacy, since this disease in most cases affects young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 38 patients (aged 17-65 years) who presented from September 2007 to March 2010 to the emergency department with suspected diagnosis of APN. All patients underwent first to an ultrasound study, then to abdominal CT. Renal, perirenal and extrarenal tomographic findings usually associated with acute pyelonephritis were analyzed, in an attempt to identify what are the differences with respect to the images obtained with an ultrasound study. All patients then performed ultrasonography and/or abdominal CT evaluation one month later, 25 patients repeated both examinations, while the other 13 repeated only ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 38 subjects with suspected APN, CT assessed the presence in 79% and in 21% the absence of the disease. Ultrasonography in 68% of cases diagnosed APN, by an increase in kidney size related to the presence of hypoechoic areas associated to edema, blurred margins and reduction of the color-Doppler vascularity. Ultrasound associated with the use of color-Doppler revealed a sensibility of 76% and specificity of 75%. Color and power-Doppler have better diagnostic accuracy than basic gray scale ultrasound, in the diagnosis of focal pyelonephritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore the combined use of ultrasound and color-Doppler can obtain useful information about the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease, with an improvement in terms of cost, without significantly altering the diagnostic efficacy and reducing the amount of radiation absorbed.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Arcispedale "S. Anna", Ferrara, Italy. dellatti@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dell'Atti
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borea
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ughi
authors.forename: Gian Rosario
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D055815:Young Adult