title: Vasomotor function after paclitaxel-coated balloon post-dilation in porcine coronary stent model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate endothelial function after post-dilation of bare-metal stents with paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCB) or non-drug-coated balloons (non-DCB) in a porcine model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  DCB are an attractive alternative to drug-eluting stents because they provide short duration of drug exposure, while potentially inhibiting in-stent restenosis. Drug-eluting stents are associated with impaired endothelial function. It is unknown whether this abnormal vasomotor function is mitigated by reduced duration of drug exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen pigs underwent bare-metal stent implantation (arteries, n = 30), followed by post-dilation with either PCB (SeQuent Please, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Berlin, Germany) (n = 17) or non-DCB (n = 13). Five pigs with unstented arteries (n = 14) were controls. Coronary vasomotion was assessed 1 month after stent implantation, using acetylcholine (Ach) and nitroglycerin. Measurements were obtained for distal segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiographic late loss and histological area stenosis were similar between PCB and non-DCB. However, the percentage of diameter change in response to Ach was diminished with PCB (p < 0.05), when compared with either non-DCB or naive arteries. There was no difference between non-DCB and naive arteries. Inflammatory score and intramural fibrin grading were significantly greater in PCB than non-DCB (p < 0.05). Additionally, inflammatory cell infiltration in the stented segments correlated with the degree of percentage of diameter change in response to Ach, at distal regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-dilation of bare-metal stents with PCB was associated with impaired vasodilatory response to Ach distal to the treated segments. Vasodilatory response after post-dilation with non-DCB was similar to control arteries.
authors.affiliation: Saint Joseph's Translational Research Institute/Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Brigitta C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Brott
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brants
authors.forename: Deepal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jack P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Spencer B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chronos
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D016014:Linear Models; D023421:Models, Animal; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000109:Acetylcholine; D017239:Paclitaxel