title: Translating the insomnia severity index into Arabic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to translate the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) into Arabic (Fusha dialect), and obtain preliminary reliability and validity estimates for the translated version.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Arabic populations experience sleep problems that interfere with their vitality and quality of life. The ISI was established to screen for insomnia in both clinical and research situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a descriptive correlational design. The ISI was translated into Arabic using the back-translation method and compared with three other sleep measures: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Vitality Subscale from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. These measures were administered to 35 healthy Arabic bilingual participants from three community locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ISI score was 9.2 (SD = 5.8; range 0-20). Internal consistency reliability was 0.84. The correlations between the total ISI score and the single items ranged from 0.49 to 0.92 (p < .01). In terms of convergent validity, the total ISI score showed a strong positive correlation with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score (r = 0.76, p < .001) and a moderate, negative correlation with vitality (r = -0.38, p =.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The translated ISI demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. The translated ISI needs further testing in a larger sample of both clinical and healthy Arabic populations in their own countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary psychometric estimates show that the translated ISI is reliable and valid in this community-dwelling Arabic sample. The translated ISI allows for Arabic researchers to screen for insomnia and plan for future intervention studies.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University, Amman, Jordan. ksuleiman@alzaytoonah.edu.jo
authors.forename: Khaled H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Suleiman
authors.forename: Bernice C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; D014177:Translations