title: Natural almond skin reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of natural almond skin (NS) powder in mice subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). NS powder was administered daily orally (30 mg/kg). Four days after DNBS administration, colon NF-κB and p-JNK activation was increased as well as TNF-α and IL-1β productions. Neutrophil infiltration, by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, in the mucosa was associated with up-regulation of ICAM-1 and P-selectin. Immunohistochemistry for i-NOS, nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) showed an intense staining in the inflamed colon. Treatment with NS powder significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhea and body weight loss. This was associated with a significant reduction in colonic MPO activity. NS powder also reduced NF-κB and p-JNK activation, the pro-inflammatory cytokines release, the appearance of i-NOS, nitrotyrosine and PARP in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and the expression of P-selectin. The results of this study suggested that administration of NS powder may be beneficial for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS: Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandalari
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bisignano
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzon
authors.forename: Martin S J
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paterniti
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D027861:Prunus; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491899:Fas protein, mouse; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D019007:P-Selectin; D028321:Plant Preparations; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4