title: Effect of insulin analogues on 3t3-l1 adipogenesis and lipolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin has several biological functions besides glycaemic control. We investigated and compared the effects of six different commercial insulins on adipocyte cell differentiation, the lipolytic activity of differentiated cells, and the expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis and associated with insulin activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate with six commercial insulins: glargine, lispro, aspart, detemir, NPH and regular recombinant human insulin (used as control). Cell differentiation, lipolysis and gene expression were measured at day 7 (D7) and day 10 (D10) after induction of differentiation in these cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest values of cell differentiation and lipolysis were found at D10 for all the insulins used. Preadipocyte differentiation differed at both times depending on the insulin used, with detemir insulin being the least adipogenic. The PPARγ mRNA level varied according to the insulin and was a good genetic marker of adipogenesis at D7. Cells treated with glargine insulin showed the highest lipolysis and HSL expression on both days. Gene expression levels of InsR, SREBP-1c and SCD-1 differed depending on the insulin studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detemir insulin was the least adipogenic of the insulins tested, whereas treatment with glargine insulin tended to produce the highest lipolysis levels. Under these experimental conditions, the modifications made in commercial insulins to improve glycaemic control also affect adipocyte differentiation, the lipolysis level of differentiated cells, and the expression of different genes that can modify metabolic pathways independently of glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya (Fundación IMABIS), Malaga, Spain. eyring@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Escobar
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pacheco
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Haro-Mora
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gomez-Zumaquero
authors.forename: Elehazara
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubio-Martín
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Repiso
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriguer
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojo-Martínez
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin