title: Risk factors for medication-induced diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of risk factors in children aged <18 years diagnosed with medication-induced diabetes mellitus versus those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective observational study used data from a Canadian prospective surveillance study in which clinical features of new cases of type 2 diabetes (n = 225) and medication-induced diabetes (n = 58) were reported over a 2-year period. The presence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (eg, obesity, family history of type 2 diabetes, ethnicity, acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome) was compared in the 2 groups using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the children with type 2 diabetes, the children with medication-induced diabetes were more likely to be Caucasian (P < .0001) and less likely to be obese (P < .0001), to have a positive family history of type 2 diabetes (P = .0001), to have acanthosis nigricans (P < .0001) on clinical examination, and to have an obesity-related comorbidity, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (P = .04), dyslipidemia (P = .02), hypertension (P = .04), or an elevated alanine aminotransferase level (P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluating for the typical risk factors for type 2 diabetes is not sufficient to identify all children at risk for developing medication-induced diabetes. Further studies are needed to help inform guidelines on screening for and prevention of medication-induced diabetes in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Shazhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amed
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Elizabeth A C
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Constadina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panagiotopoulos
authors.forename: Baiju R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Gillian L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Tessa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Laubscher
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dannenbaum
authors.forename: Stasia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadjiyannakis
authors.forename: Jill K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000052:Acanthosis Nigricans / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents