title: Analysis of annual fluctuations in the content of phenol, chlorophenols and their derivatives in chlorinated drinking waters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chlorophenols are widely represented, toxic, and persistent environmental pollutants. In this work, we analyzed annual fluctuations in the content of phenol, guaiacol, chlorophenols, chlorocatechols, and chlorinated methoxyphenols in drinking water collected in Warsaw and Tomaszów Mazowiecki (Poland). Moreover, the effect of dissolved organic matter content on the occurrence of phenolic compounds in drinking water was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The compounds were adsorbed on octadecyl C18 solid-phase discs, separated by the use of gas chromatography, and analyzed using mass spectrometry. The content of organic matter was evaluated by the analysis of UV absorption at 254 nm by water samples. In Warsaw, raw water (derived from infiltration intakes situated in the Vistula River) and treated water (subjected to coagulation, filtration, and disinfection with chlorine dioxide) were collected in order to analyze phenols. In Tomaszów Mazowiecki, raw water (taken directly form the river) and treated water (subjected to coagulation, sand filtration, ozonation, and disinfection with gaseous chlorine) were taken to determine phenolic substances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results showed the occurrence of phenol, guaiacol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), tetrachlorophenol (TeCP), and pentachlorophenol in drinking water of both cities. Occasionally, in the waters studied, the appearance of chloroguaiacols, 3-chlorosyringol, and some chlorocatechols were noted. It was also observed that the content of dissolved organic matter in river waters may have contributed to the formation of some phenols, e.g., phenol, guaiacol, 2,4,6-TCP, and TeCP in drinking water. Finally, it was found that there were no annual (seasonal) fluctuations in phenolic compounds contents in drinking waters examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16 Street, Łódź, Poland. michalow@biol.uni.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michałowicz
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stufka-Olczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milczarek
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michniewicz
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002947:Cities; D004326:Drinking; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011044:Poland; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006139:Guaiacol