title: Magnifying chromoendoscopic findings of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the field of colorectal cancer and adenoma, Kudo's classification of pit pattern with magnifying chromocolonoscopy using crystal violet (CV) staining is now accepted. Magnifying endoscopy using narrow band imaging has been used for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma; the characteristic findings of microvascular patterns have been demonstrated. However, there was limited information on magnified endoscopic findings with CV staining for gastric neoplasms in terms of their pit patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnifying chromoendoscopy with CV was performed in 175 patients with early gastric cancer and 18 with gastric adenoma, prior to treatment. Surface patterns of gastric tumors were classified into five types: (1) long tubular pit pattern, (2) irregular size pit pattern, (3) small round pit pattern, (4) destroyed pit pattern, and (5) non-structural pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long tubular pit pattern was most common in gastric adenoma. Well differentiated adenocarcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma tended to show different size of pit pattern or destroyed pit pattern. Small round pit pattern was most commonly seen in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Non-structural pattern was most frequently observed in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For gastric neoplasms, magnifying endoscopy may help predict histopathological type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnita
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isomoto
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shikuwa
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Fuminao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Tomayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*