title: Exploring a diffusion of benefit: does a woman with breast cancer derive benefit from an intervention delivered to her partner?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide preliminary data on a diffusion of psychosocial benefit to women diagnosed with breast cancer when only their partners receive a psychoeducational intervention focused on the breast cancer experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-group, pretest/post-test pilot study; participants served as their own controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Communities in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 women with a first diagnosis of breast cancer within the previous six months whose partners received the Helping Her Heal intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from women pre- and postintervention via standardized questionnaires with established reliability and validity. Confidential exit interviews were conducted after postintervention data were returned.
  
  
  METHODS
  State anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y [STAI-Y]), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]), and marital quality (Dyadic Adjustment Scale [DAS]; Mutuality and Interpersonal Sensitivity scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed significant improvements on the CES-D (p = 0.01), STAI-Y (p = 0.01), and DAS affectional expression subscale (p = 0.03) in women from pre- to postintervention. Review of exit interview transcripts indicated that women generally were positive about the impact of the program and viewed their partners' gains in communication skills as the greatest benefit of participating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study offers preliminary support for a diffusion of psychosocial benefit to women with breast cancer when a psychoeducational intervention is delivered to their partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffusion of benefit should be examined in a large, randomized, clinical trial to provide evidence for focusing some clinical efforts on partners alone, rather than adding to diagnosed women's burden of multiple clinical encounters.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. barbc@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Barbara B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Frances Marcus
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D022143:Family Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards