title: Lower abdominal and pelvic pain with advanced pelvic organ prolapse: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to compare the relative frequencies of pain in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an ancillary analysis of a case-control study investigating functional bowel disorders in women with and without POP. Cases were defined as subjects with stage 3 or 4 POP and controls were subjects with normal pelvic support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with POP were more likely to experience lower abdominal or pelvic pain that was significantly bothersome and interfered with daily activities (odds ratio [OR], 9.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7-20.4). After controlling for confounders, women with prolapse were more likely to report pressure in the lower abdomen (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.2), heaviness in the pelvic region (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.3-4.3), and pain in the lower abdomen (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.8-4.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with prolapse are more likely to report pain, pressure, or heaviness in the lower abdomen or pelvis compared with women with normal support.
authors.affiliation: Center for Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jhansi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Marie Fidela R
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paraiso
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jelovsek
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000150:complications*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*