title: Measuring Ca²+ changes in multiwell format using the Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader.
abstract: The Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR®; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) has made a significant contribution to drug discovery programs in the pharmaceutical industry since the first commercial instruments were introduced 9 yr ago. The key advantage of FLIPR over conventional plate readers is its ability to measure fluorescence emission from multiple wells (96- or 384-well) simultaneously and with high temporal resolution. Consequently, FLIPR has been used extensively to record dynamic intracellular processes such as changes in intracellular Ca(2+) ion concentration, membrane potential, and pH. Since FLIPR is used to measure a functional response in cells, it is rapidly able to distinguish full agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists at a target of interest, making the system a valuable screening tool for interrogation of compound libraries. Typically, FLIPR can be used to screen more than 150 compound plates per day in a high-throughput screening environment equating to more than 50,000 compounds at a single concentration in a 384-well system.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Harlow, Essex, UK.
authors.forename: Ian C B
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Davina E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McNulty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium