title: Donor-graft compatibility tests in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation model: serum versus plasma in real-time cell analyzer trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various strategies have been designed to assess in vitro donor-graft compatibility in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation models. Most of them are based on a cytolysis assessment by exposing donor tissue to host serum with investigations by flow cytometry, and photocolorimetric levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference in cytolysis produced by sera and plasma obtained using various anticoagulants, or containing high versus low levels of platelets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytolysis trials were performed using an xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) in a cell model involving transgenic pig fibroblasts exposed to sera (S) or plasma obtained using EDTA, Li-heparin, or Na-heparin in combination with plasma containing high versus low content of platelets. Samples were obtained from two baboons and five volunteer human donors. Evolution of fibroblast cell growth was assessed by RTCA as the cell index (CI). After 9 hours of growth, cells were exposed to 20 μL of each sample. The minimum CI (CImin), time to CImin (TCImin), and time to reach the CI observed before compound addition (Trec) were recorded for each microwell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest CImin, highest TCImin, and Trec observed for EDTA plasma showed significant differences from other samples (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this study, using the RTCA assay, heparinized plasma produced complement inhibition and with undervaluation of the cytolysis reaction. EDTA plasma produced total death of most of cultures. The most accurate sample matrix seems to be serum.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. guiramis@um.es
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alarcón
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Majado
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Quereda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Herrero-Medrano
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abellaneda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomes-Coelho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Navas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D010949:Plasma; D011323:Primates; D013552:Swine; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous