title: Methods for determining agent concentration profiles in agarose gel during convection-enhanced delivery.
abstract: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising technique to deliver large molecular weight drugs to the human brain for treatment of Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, or brain tumors. Researchers have used agarose gels to study mechanisms of agent transport in soft tissues like brain due to its similar mechanical and transport properties. However, inexpensive quantitative techniques to precisely measure achieved agent distribution in agarose gel phantoms during CED are missing. Such precise measurements of concentration distribution are needed to optimize drug delivery. An optical experimental method to accurately quantify agent concentration in agarose is presented. A novel geometry correction algorithm is used to determine real concentrations from observable light intensities captured by a digital camera. We demonstrate the technique in dye infusion experiments that provide cylindrical and spherical distributions when infusing with porous membrane and conventional single-port catheters, respectively. This optical method incorporates important parameters, such as optimum camera exposure, captured camera intensity calibration, and use of collimated light source for maximum precision. We compare experimental results with numerical solutions to the convection diffusion equation. The solutions of convection-diffusion equations in the cylindrical and spherical domains were found to match the experimental data obtained by geometry correction algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. nsindh2@uic.edu
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sindhwani
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ivanchenko
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lueshen
authors.forename: Komal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prem
authors.forename: Andreas A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Linninger
mesh_terms: D001978:Bromphenol Blue / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018481:Convection; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D001978:Bromphenol Blue; D012685:Sepharose