title: A non-smooth tumor margin in the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predicts microscopic portal vein invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, and early recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been evaluated in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2008 and 2009, 61 patients with HCC within the Milan criteria underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and hepatectomy. The tumor margin was determined preoperatively based on hepatobiliary phase images. Microscopic portal vein invasion (MPVI), intrahepatic metastasis (IM), and recurrence of HCC within 1 year after hepatectomy were evaluated in 24 patients with non-smooth margins at the periphery of the tumor and 37 patients with smooth margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients with MPVI and IM of HCC was significantly higher among those with non-smooth margins (42 and 38%, respectively) than among those with smooth margins (3%; p = 0.0002 and 5%; p = 0.0042, respectively). A non-smooth margin was identified as a significant predictor of MPVI (odds ratio 18.814, p = 0.024) and IM (odds ratio 6.498, p = 0.036) of HCC on multivariate analysis. Furthermore, a non-smooth margin was identified as a significant predictor of recurrence within 1 year after hepatectomy (odds ratio 4.306, p = 0.04) on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A non-smooth tumor margin in the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI is useful to predict MPVI, IM, and early recurrence of HCC after hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. ariizumi@ige.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shun-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ariizumi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotera
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuwatsuru
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis; D011169:Portal Vein; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA