title: The effects of an airborne-particle abrasion and silica-coating on the bond strength between grooved titanium alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even though mechanical retentive features, such as grooves, are incorporated into the surface of titanium alloy temporary cylinders, a reliable bond to veneering provisional materials is not always achievable for screw-retained provisional implant restorations. There is insufficient information about the effect of tribochemical silica coating on the bond strength between provisional materials and grooved titanium alloy temporary cylinders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of an airborne-particle abrasion and silica-coating technique on the bond strength between grooved titanium alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty grooved titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) internal connection implant temporary cylinders were used. A disc of veneering material (7.1 × 3.4 mm) was created around the midsection of each cylinder. Forty specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=10): group NoTxPMMA, no surface treatment and polymethyl methacrylate veneering material; group NoTxBisGMA, no surface treatment and BisGMA veneering material; group AbPMMA, airborne-particle abrasion, silica-coating surface treatment (Rocatec), and polymethyl methacrylate; and group AbBisGMA, airborne-particle abrasion, silica-coating surface treatment (Rocatec), and BisGMA. Each specimen was subjected to ultimate shear load testing at the interface of the veneering material and the temporary cylinder in a universal testing machine at a constant crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA (α=.05) followed by post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test. Each specimen underwent surface observation with a light microscope at ×40 magnification to compare fracture patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Airborne-particle abrasion and silica-coating surface treatment significantly lowered the shear bond strength (P<.05). The type of provisional material did not significantly affect the shear bond strength, with or without surface treatment. Group AbBisGMA demonstrated the lowest mean value (3.49 MPa) compared to the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Airborne-particle abrasion and silica-coating treatment did not improve the bond between grooved titanium alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering materials. It weakened the provided mechanical retention, especially when it was used with BisGMA veneering material. Material choice, whether it was polymethyl methacrylate or BisGMA, did not make a statistically significant difference.
authors.affiliation: Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. annwei2009@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ann Yu-Chieh
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Arun B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Larry G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Frederick C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Finzen
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003801:Dental Veneers; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C076811:Rocatec; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide