title: Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the Riverside of Navarra (Iberian Peninsula).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper provides significant ethnobotanical information on pharmaceutical plant uses in the Riverside of Navarra. Thereby, it will extend and complement a recent previous study carried out in the Northern Navarra. This paper aim to collect, analyse and evaluate the ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants in the Riverside of Navarra (Iberian Peninsula) with 2554.4km(2) and 144,674 inhabitants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed semi-structured interviews with 147 informants (mean age 76 years; the percentage of men and women was almost 50%) in 34 locations, identified the plants reported and analyzed the results, comparing them with those from other territories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The informants reported data on 90 medicinal plants belonging to 39 botanical families. This work is focused on human medicinal plant uses, which represent 99% of the pharmaceutical uses (541). The species with the highest number of cites are Santolina chamaecyparissus ssp. squarrosa, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis and Urtica dioica. All different plant parts are used; aerial part is exploited more frequently than other plant parts. Most of the listed remedies use a single ingredient, typically soaked in water. The percentage of internal uses is three times higher than external uses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main ailments treated are digestive troubles, dermatological problems, and respiratory affections. Informants reported 11 new or scarcely cited uses for 8 medicinal plants. For 50% of the species (4) we have not found bibliographical references in the scientific literature and 50% have only one or two references.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akerreta
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Cavero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019448:Ethnobotany; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018514:Plant Structures; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D027542:Rosmarinus; D013030:Spain; D046930:Thymus Plant; D026982:Urtica dioica; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts