title: Food intake, leisure time activities and the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren in Slovakia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2006-2008 a survey analyzing food patterns, intake of main food items and leisure time activities of 5,410 schoolchildren was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in 13 randomly selected regions of Slovakia. 5,410 elementary school children (2,848 girls and 2,562 boys) aged from 6.3 to 15.9 years, mean age was 11 +/- 2.6 years, were included. The data collected by questionnaire concerned nutrition and leisure time activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Noteworthy results are that only 63% of participants eat breakfast regularly. Almost all of the children eat lunch during workdays regularly and 60.9% prefer a cooked (hot) dish for supper. Although dairy products are a substantial part of child nutrition, in general their consumption in our sample was low. Only 50.1% of children consume these daily and 62% of children drink milk daily, more often boys than girls. A striking observation is that only 65.5% of interviewed pupils eat fruit every day and 30.9% of them eat vegetables daily. The frequency of consumption of poultry and pork in our sample was almost the same, however, the analysis showed that only 14% of children consume fish once per week. Moreover, only 12.6% of subjects prefer wholegrain bread. In our sample 56.8% of children eat sweets daily, 32% prefer a salty snack almost 2 times per week. Within the group of pupils 35.8% do not attend physical trainings even once a week. Almost every child is used to watch TV and 64% of them play PC games daily. While both girls and boys watched TV on average over 2 hours, boys spend more time on PC per day than girls (girls 0.72 hours per day vs. boys 1.13 hours per day, p < 0.001). The food patterns and leisure time activities of children older than 11 years and rural pupils were less favourable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to results of our analysis we recommend to increase the consumption of dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables in Slovak schoolchildren and spare no effort in making children to take breakfast regularly. It is necessary to promote daily moderate physical activity. Nutritional and lifestyle education should begin already in childhood.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Comenius University Medical School, University Children's Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia. vitariusova.eva@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vitáriusová
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Babinská
authors.forename: L'udmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kost'álová
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosinský
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hlavatá
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pribilincová
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Babinská
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kovács
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology