title: Long-term potency, sterility, and stability of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and moxifloxacin for treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term potency, sterility, and stability of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and moxifloxacin prepared in single-use polypropylene syringes for intravitreal injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study. Vancomycin 1 mg/0.1 mL, ceftazidime 2 mg/0.1 mL, and moxifloxacin 160 μg/0.1 mL were compounded and prepared in 1-mL polypropylene syringes and stored at 4 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C. Antibiotic potency, sterility, pH, osmolality, and concentration were tested at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potency, sterility, and stability were preserved for all 3 antibiotics at all temperatures out to 24 weeks, although there was a trend toward reduced potency at Week 24 for vancomycin and ceftazidime stored at 4°C. The largest zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus were consistently demonstrated by moxifloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vancomycin, ceftazidime, and moxifloxacin prepared in single-use polypropylene syringes retain potency, sterility, and stability out to 24 weeks when stored at -20 °C or -80 °C. The results of this study may have important implications for the current management of endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hassanain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Janice N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Huiyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wayman
authors.forename: Franco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Recchia
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sternberg
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004339:Drug Compounding; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013594:Syringes; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D014640:Vancomycin; D002442:Ceftazidime; D000077266:Moxifloxacin