title: Local peritoneal irrigation with intestinal alkaline phosphatase is protective against peritonitis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The brush-border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) functions as a gut mucosal defense factor and detoxifies different toll-like receptor ligands. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of locally administered calf IAP (cIAP) in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of polymicrobial sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice underwent CLP followed by intraperitoneal injection of cIAP or normal saline. Blood leukocyte counts, levels of cytokines and liver enzymes, and lung myeloperoxidase activity were determined. Peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) was assayed for neutrophil infiltration and both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After intraperitoneal injection, cIAP activity in PLF decreased 50% within 15 min with minimal activity evident at 4 h. Compared with irrigation with normal saline, cIAP irrigation increased the 7-day survival rate in mice undergoing CLP, with maximal effects seen at 25 units of cIAP (0% vs. 46% survival rate, respectively; p < 0.001). cIAP treatment reduced lung inflammation, liver damage and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peritoneal irrigation with cIAP significantly enhances survival in a mouse model of peritonitis, likely through reduction of local inflammation and remote organ damage. We suggest that intraperitoneal cIAP irrigation could be a novel therapy for intra-abdominal sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Jackson 812, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.forename: Madhu S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Malo
authors.forename: Sayeda Nasrin
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Angela K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Halim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yammine
authors.forename: Sundaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Brishti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Kathryn T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Golam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: H Shaw
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hodin
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage / Q000379:methods*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase