title: N-glycans from porcine trachea and lung: predominant NeuAcα2-6Gal could be a selective pressure for influenza variants in favor of human-type receptor.
abstract: It is known that pigs acted as "mixing vessels" for genesis of a new reassortant influenza strain responsible for pandemic H1N1 2009. However, the host factors driving the evolution of a reassorted virus in pigs to 'jump species' resulting in a human outbreak remain unclear. N-glycans derived from the porcine respiratory tract were enzymatically released, fluorescent labeled with 2-aminopyridine, separated according to charge, size and hydrophobicity, and structurally identified by a two-dimensional (size and hydrophobicity) HPLC mapping technique and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry before and after exo-glycosidase digestion. We found a 3-, 5-, and 13-fold increases in NeuAcα2-6, a preferable human influenza receptor, over NeuAcα2-3, an avian influenza receptor, from upper and lower parts of the porcine trachea towards the porcine lung, a major target organ for swine virus replication. The large proportion of NeuAcα2-6 may exert selective pressure for selection of influenza variants with altered receptor preference for this human-type α2-6 receptor, a crucial first step for generating a human pandemic.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nongluk
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sriwilaijaroen
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takemae
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012799:Sialyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014132:Trachea / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012799:Sialyltransferases