title: [Comparison of local and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and pneumonia coexisting with lung cancer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to compare the local and systemic markers of inflammatory processes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and in those with pneumonia coexisting with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with community-acquired pneumonia (group I), 14 patients with pneumonia and lung cancer (group II), and 24 patients with lung cancer (group III) were enrolled into the study. Sixteen healthy smokers served as a control group (group IV). Concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The levels of VEGF and TNF-α were also measured in serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of VEGF (317.83 ± 77.78) and TNF-α (1.98 ± 0.13) in EBC were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and lung cancer as compared to patients with community-acquired pneumonia (VEGF 30.20 ± 6.56; TNF-α 0.31 ± 0.05). Also the level of H(2)O(2) (0.96 ± 0.16) in EBC in patients with pneumonia and lung cancer was elevated in comparison to patients with CAP (0.66 ± 0.09), however the difference was not statistically significant (p 〉 0.05). The serum concentrations of both studied cytokines were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia (VEGF 1112.62 ± ± 244.38 and TNF-α 2.6 ± 0.48) than in those with pneumonia and lung cancer (VEGF 392.9 ± 78.2; TNF-α 1.6 ± 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with pneumonia and lung cancer exhibited higher levels of oxidative stress and local inflammatory reactions than those with pneumonia. However, inflammatory markers in serum were significantly lower in patients with pneumonia and lung cancer as compared to those with CAP.
authors.affiliation: Wojewódzki Zespół Zakładów Opieki Zdrowotnej Centrum Leczenia Chorób Płuc i Rehabilitacji w Łodzi, ul. Okólna 181, 91–520 Łódź. agnes.urbaniak@gazeta.pl
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbaniak
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zięba
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zwolińska
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Szkudlarek
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luczyńska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noweta
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide