title: Endoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy via supraorbital keyhole: a cadaveric study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anterior clinoidectomy is an essential preliminary step for parasellar and pericavernous sinus surgery. Endoscopy is a widely accepted modality for neurosurgical strategies and is becoming more important in treating conditions involving the cranial base.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of endoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy via the supraorbital keyhole.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight fresh cadaver heads were studied using 4-mm, 0- and 30-degree rigid endoscopes to perform endoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy. We also evaluated a bony landmark for this technique in 36 dry craniums.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An endoscope was introduced into the extradural space created via a supraorbital keyhole craniotomy. The periorbita and the duplication of the dura extending to the temporal lobe dura and periorbita were exposed by drilling. Anterior clinoidectomy proceeded using a diamond drill under endoscopic visualization without a dural incision. A submerged view with continuous irrigation through an endoscopic sheath maintained clear visibility while drilling. A small bony eminence at the transition between the sphenoid ridge and the anterior clinoid process, which is an anatomic landmark for endoscopic extradural anterior clinoidectomy, was identified in 57.4% of 36 adult dry craniums.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic extradural procedure can accomplish reliable anterior clinoidectomy under superb endoscopic visualization. This method would be applicable to parasellar and cavernous sinus surgery combined with keyhole or conventional craniotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. fkomatsu@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fuminari
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tschabitscher
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D019291:Skull Base; D013100:Sphenoid Bone