title: In vitro activity of Proveblue (methylene blue) on Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to standard antimalarial drugs.
abstract: The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for Proveblue, a methylene blue complying with the European Pharmacopoeia, was more active on 23 P. falciparum strains than chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, monodesethylamodiaquine, and lumefantrine. We did not find significant associations between the Proveblue IC50 and polymorphisms in the pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfmdr2, pfmrp, and pfnhe-1 genes or the copy numbers of the pfmdr1 and pfmdr2 genes, all of which are involved in antimalarial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées-Antenne de Marseille, Allée du Médecin-Colonel Jamot, Parc le Pharo, BP 60109, 13262 Marseille Cedex 7, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Briolant
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charras
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baret
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amalvict
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huyghues des Etages
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feraud
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogier
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pradines
mesh_terms: D000655:Amodiaquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D000078102:Lumefantrine; D015767:Mefloquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011803:Quinine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005449:Fluorenes; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D000655:Amodiaquine; C047386:desethylamodiaquine; D002738:Chloroquine; D011803:Quinine; D000078102:Lumefantrine; D008751:Methylene Blue; D015767:Mefloquine