title: Clinic and ultrasound findings related to pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine clinical and US factors associated with pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study included 143 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 94 patients with unilateral or bilateral knee pain ≥3 cm during physical activity for at least 48 h prior to inclusion, measured by the visual analog scale from 0 to 10 cm. Group 2 consisted of 49 patients with knee OA without knee pain at least 1 month prior to inclusion. In both knees, range of motion was measured by goniometry and anteroposterior, and lateral knee radiographs were taken during weight-bearing. OA grading was performed in accordance with the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria by a specialist in radiology experienced in this field. A knee ultrasound (US) examination was performed in all patients by a blinded radiologist. Women were more often symptomatic than men (p < 0.005). Patients in group 1 tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI; p<0.001). Radiographic grades III (52.1%) and II (37.2%) were most frequently found in group 1, whereas I (30.6%), II (46.9%), and III (22.4%) were found in group 2. When radiographic grades in both groups were compared, group 1 had greater radiographic grades than group 2 (p<0.001). US findings in group 1 were effusion of the suprapatellar pouch (72.3%), Baker's cyst (42.6%), protrusion of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus associated with medial collateral ligament displacement (9.6%), and loose body (9.6%). In group 2, the only US finding was Baker's cyst (6.1%). Regression analysis revealed that BMI, degree of knee flexion, and thickness of the quadriceps tendon were factors that were related with pain in the knee. Increased BMI, decrease in the degree of knee flexion, and decreased quadriceps tendon thickness are factors that increase the risk of pain in knee OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Emek, Ankara, Turkey. bmbaskan@yahoo.com.tr
authors.forename: Başkan Bedriye
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mermerci
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Garip
authors.forename: Ramadan Selma
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doğruel
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Kürşat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozoran
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bodur
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography