title: Relation of vitamin D level to maximal oxygen uptake in adults.
abstract: Low cardiorespiratory fitness and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but whether low 25(OH)D is independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults is not known. We examined 25(OH)D levels and fitness in 200 healthy adults participating in a double-blind clinical trial investigating statins and muscle performance (STOMP study). Maximal aerobic exercise capacity (Vo₂(max)) was measured using metabolic gas analysis during graded treadmill exercise to exhaustion. 25(OH)D was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Daily physical activity was assessed using the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively related to Vo₂(max) (r = 0.29, p = 0.0001), even after adjusting for relevant predictors (e.g., age, gender, and body mass index). There was also a significant interaction between 25(OH)D level and self-reported hours of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; p < 0.02). With each SD increase in 25(OH)D, Vo₂(max) increased by 2.6 ml/kg/min (p = 0.0001) when MVPA was low (16 hours/week) and 1.6 ml/kg/min (p <0.0004) when MVPA was moderate (35 hours/week) but only 0.01 ml/kg/min (p = 0.9) when MVPA was high (64 hours/week). In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D levels predict Vo₂(max) in adults; the effect is greatest in those with low levels of physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Afrooz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardestani
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Shishir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pescatello
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Polk
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D