title: Animal models of melanoma: a somatic cell gene delivery mouse model allows rapid evaluation of genes implicated in human melanoma.
abstract: The increasing incidence and mortality associated with advanced stages of melanoma are cause for concern. Few treatment options are available for advanced melanoma and the 5-year survival rate is less than 15%. Targeted therapies may revolutionize melanoma treatment by providing less toxic and more effective strategies. However, maximizing effectiveness requires further understanding of the molecular alterations that drive tumor formation, progression, and maintenance, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of resistance. Several different genetic alterations identified in human melanoma have been recapitulated in mice. This review outlines recent progress made in the development of mouse models of melanoma and summarizes what these findings reveal about the human disease. We begin with a discussion of traditional models and conclude with the recently developed RCAS/TVA somatic cell gene delivery mouse model of melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Target Discovery, Nevada Cancer Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: Sheri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Holmen
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000235:genetics; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C088745:Tva receptor; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate