title: Comparative analysis of urinary N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine for ethylene oxide- and non-exposed workers.
abstract: Ethylene oxide (EO), a direct alkylating agent and a carcinogen, can attack the nucleophilic sites of DNA bases to form a variety of DNA adducts. The most abundant adduct, N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine (N7-HEG), can be depurinated spontaneously or enzymatically from DNA backbone to form abasic sites. Molecular dosimetry of the excised N7-HEG in urine can serve as an EO exposure and potential risk-associated biomarker. This study was to analyze N7-HEG in urine collected from 89 EO-exposed and 48 nonexposed hospital workers and 20 exposed and 10 nonexposed factory workers by using our newly developed on-line solid-phase extraction isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS method. Statistical analysis of data shows that the exposed factory workers excreted significantly greater concentrations of N7-HEG than both the nonexposed factory workers and hospital workers. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the EO-exposed factory workers had a significantly greater post-shift urinary N7-HEG than their nonexposed coworkers and hospital workers. These results demonstrate that analysis of urinary N7-HEG can serve as a biomarker of EO exposure for future molecular epidemiology studies to better understand the role of the EO-induced DNA adduct formation in EO carcinogenicity and certainly for routine surveillance of occupational EO exposure for the study of potential health impacts on workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chun Jean
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chia-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ming-Feng
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chang-Yuh
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yeh-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Saou-Hsing
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Su-Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Kuen-Yuh
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000652:urine*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004202:Disinfectants; C035018:N(7)-hydroxyethylguanine; D006147:Guanine; D005027:Ethylene Oxide