title: [The effect of tobacco smoking on the levels of circulating E-selectin in migraineurs].
abstract: Migraine is recognized as independent risk factor of stroke and cardiovascular events and, furthermore, smoking increases the risk. An important factor that links vascular pathology in migraineurs and smokers in endothelial damage. E-selectin is a well known marker of endothelial activation and/or dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of circulating E-selectin in migraine patients with respect to tobacco smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 52 migraine patients (aged 37.9 +/- 9.6 years) evaluated clinically with the use of MIDAS, QVM, VAS and VRS scales. The control goup consisted of 39 healthy, non-smoking subjects, aged 38.9 +/- 7.0 years. Laboratory tests performed in all participants included : total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp(a), homocysteine, C-reactive protein concentrations and white blood cells count. The concentrations of circulating E-selectin were estimated by means of ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study 13% of migraineurs were smokers. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were higher in migraine patients comparing to controls. Tobacco smoking in migraineurs was associated with lower concentrations of homocysteine. The concentration of circulating E-selectin in smoking migraine patients (17450 +/- 8838 pg/ml) was higher (P = 0,0476) comparing to controls (11985 +/- 1011 pg/ml). Moreover, in smoking migraineurs E-selectin levels were negatively correlated with glycemia. We also observed disturbation of beneficial effect of HDL cholesterol, that protects against increases in E-selectin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco smoking in migraine patients is associated with increased concentrations of circulating E-selectin. In smoking migraineurs the mechanisms regulating E-selectin levels are disturbed leading to increased susceptibility to its downregulation in the course of hyperglycemia. Protective effects of HDL cholesterol against increase of E-selectin levels are limited in migraine patients.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Neurochemii i Neuropatologii, Katedra Neurologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego, Poznań. slamic@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rybacka
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wysocka
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kozubski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D019040:E-Selectin