title: Spinal cord nephroblastoma in dogs: 11 cases (1985-2007).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical features and outcome of dogs with a confirmed spinal cord nephroblastoma and to describe the use of Wilms tumor-1 (WT-1) immunohistochemical staining to confirm a diagnosis of nephroblastoma in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series. Animals-11 dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma were reviewed. Information extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, tumor location, treatment, and outcome. The diagnosis was confirmed through histologic review and WT-1 immunohistochemical staining of a tumor sample. In dogs with negative results for staining with WT-1, staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 dogs had a spinal cord tumor with a histologic appearance and immunohistochemical staining consistent with a nephroblastoma. Positive results for staining with WT-1 were detected in 9 of 11 dogs. Age at admission ranged from 5 to 48 months (median, 14 months). Nine dogs were female. All had progressive paraparesis, paraplegia, or ataxia. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 2 to 60 days (median, 14 days). Median survival time was 30 days from the time of diagnosis. Median survival time in dogs treated via surgical resection was 70.5 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis for dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma appeared to be poor, although combined surgical resection and radiation therapy may provide a good functional outcome. Results for staining with WT-1 can be used to support a diagnosis of nephroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerda-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Curtis W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: Anh N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Diep
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Horne
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McDonough
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*