title: Missile injury to the pediatric brain in conflict zones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted both prospectively and retrospectively at one center over a period of 8 years. The population consisted of all patients with both an age 18 years or younger and a diagnosed penetrating missile injury (PMI) during the study interval. The authors analyzed factors determining outcome and demographic trends in this population, and they compared them with those in the more developed world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients were the victims of armed conflict, although no one was directly a party to any battle. This mechanism of injury is in strong opposition to data in the literature from developed countries, in which most missile injuries are the result of suicide or homicide or are even sports related. Moreover, all previous studies on the pediatric population have considered only injuries from gunshots, but authors of the current study have included injuries from other penetrating missiles as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On cross tabulation analysis using the chi-square test, the factors shown to correlate with outcome included the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pupillary abnormalities, patient age, hemodynamic status, and bihemispheric damage. On multinomial regression analysis, the two strongest predictors of death were GCS score and pupillary abnormalities. The GCS score and hemodynamic status were the strongest predictors of disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no difference in the prognostic factors for PMI between developing or more developed countries. Glasgow Coma Scale score, pupillary abnormalities, and hemodynamic status were the strongest predictors of outcome. In conflict zones in developing countries the victims were mostly innocent bystanders, whereas in the more developed countries homicides and suicides were the leading etiological factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India. abrarwani@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Abrar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Altaf U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Ramzan
authors.forename: Nayil K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qayoom
authors.forename: Furqan A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Nizami
authors.forename: Altaf R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kirmani
authors.forename: M Afzal
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014857:Warfare; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy