title: Update: metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of bariatric surgery.
abstract: Obesity is a disease state with polygenic inheritance, the phenotypic penetrance of which has been greatly expanded by the attributes of modern civilization. More than two-thirds of obese persons have comorbidities, many of which are characteristic of cardiometabolic risk syndrome (CMRS) in addition to other life-quality-reducing complaints. The CMRS is associated with increased cardiovascular events and mortality. Individuals with a body mass index greater than 35 infrequently achieve or maintain weight loss adequate to resolve these metabolic and anatomic issues by lifestyle or pharmacologic strategies. Data suggest that some of these patients may be better served by bariatric surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, L.R. Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, L.R. Strelitz Diabetes Research Institute, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 855 West Brambleton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA. richardw@evms.edu
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Mary Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Aaron I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vinik
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004704:Endocrinology / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology