title: Impaired performance on the angle board test is induced in a model of painful whiplash injury but is only transient in a model of cervical radiculopathy.
abstract: Although clinical studies report motor impairment associated with some painful injuries of the neck, assessment of motor function in animal models has been largely limited only to studies of direct trauma to the nervous system. The incline plane test was modified to evaluate motor function in two rodent pain models of facet joint distraction (FJD) and nerve root compression (NRC) injury (n = 5/group). Sham groups were also included as controls. Motor function was measured using the modified inclined plane test with rats facing downward before surgery (baseline) and following surgery on days corresponding to when mechanical sensitivity is established and remains elevated. Mean baseline values of the board angle inducing slip for FJD (45.8 ± 3.1°) was significantly greater (p = 0.014) than that for NRC (43.5 ± 2.5°), but baseline measurements did not vary for either group over time. No changes in motor function were found for shams. Motor function after FJD significantly decreased (p < 0.001) at days 1 and 7 after injury. In contrast, at day 1 after NRC injury, slip occurred at significantly lower (p = 0.0016) incline angles, but returned to baseline levels by day 7. These results show motor function impairment is induced following painful FJD and suggest the incline plane test offers utility to evaluate functional deficits in painful injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Nadine M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Dunk
authors.forename: Kristen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Winkelstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D021801:Zygapophyseal Joint / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology