title: Antibody dynamics of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in infected patients and vaccinated people in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the risk of the recurrence and the efficiency of the vaccination, we followed-up antibody responses in patients with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza and persons who received the pandemic H1N1 vaccine in Guangzhou China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected serum samples from 129 patients and 86 vaccinated persons at day 0, 15, 30, 180 after the disease onset or the vaccination, respectively. Antibody titers in these serum samples were determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay using a local isolated virus strain A/Guangdong Liwan/SWL1538/2009(H1N1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HI antibody positive rate of the patients increased significantly from 0% to 60% at day 15 (χ(2) = 78, P<0.001) and 100% at day 30 (χ(2) = 23, P<0.001), but decreased significantly to 52% at day 180 (χ(2) = 38, P<0.001), while that of vaccinated subjects increased from 0% to 78% at day 15 (χ(2) = 110, P<0.001) and 81% at day 30 (χ(2) = 0.32, P = 0.57), but decreased significantly to 34% at day 180 (χ(2) = 39, P<0.001). Geometric mean titers (GMT) of HI antibodies in positive samples from the patients did not change significantly between day 15 and day 30 (T = 0.92, P = 0.36), but it decreased significantly from 80 at day 30 to 52 at day 180 (T = 4.5, P<0.001). GMT of vaccinated persons increased significantly from 100 at day 15 to 193 at day 30 (T = 4.5, P<0.001), but deceased significantly to 74 at day 180 (T = 5.1, P<0.001). Compared to the patients, the vaccinated subjects showed lower seroconversion rate (χ(2) = 11, P<0.001; χ(2) = 5.9, P = 0.015), but higher GMT (T = 6.0, P<0.001; T = 3.6, P = 0.001) at day 30 and day 180, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccination of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) was effective. However, about half or more recovered patients and vaccinated persons might have lost sufficient immunity against the recurrence of the viral infection after half a year. Vaccination or re-vaccination may be necessary for prevention of the recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. wangming@gzcdc.org.cn
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Tiegang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jibin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xinhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Enjie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Kuibiao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yejian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiongfei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines