title: Immunochemical and mass spectrometry detection of residual proteins in gluten fined red wine.
abstract: Recently, wheat gluten has been proposed as technological adjuvant in order to clarify wines. However, the possibility that residual gluten proteins remain in treated wines cannot be excluded, representing a hazard for wheat allergic or celiac disease patients. In this work, commercial wheat glutens, in both partially hydrolyzed (GBS-P51) and nonhydrolyzed (Gluvital 21000) forms, were used as fining agents in red wine at different concentrations. Beside immunoenzymatic analyses using anti-gliadin, anti-prolamin antibodies and pooled sera of wheat allergic patients, a method based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been proposed to detect residues of gluten proteins. Residual gluten proteins were detected by anti-prolamin antibodies, anti-gliadin antibodies and sera-IgE only in the wine treated with GBS-P51 at concentration 50, 150, and 300 g/hL, respectively, whereas no residual proteins were detected by these systems in the wine treated with Gluvital 21000. In contrast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses allowed the detection of proteins in red wines fined down to 1 g/hL of Gluvital 21000 and GBS-P51. Our results indicate that MS methods are superior to immunochemical methods in detecting gluten proteins in wines and that adverse reactions against gluten treated wines cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simonato
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mainente
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tolin
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D005983:Glutens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055315:Prolamins / Q000276:immunology; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D055315:Prolamins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D005983:Glutens; D005903:Gliadin