title: Oral treatment of rodents with insecticides for control of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and the fluorescent tracer technique (FTT) as a tool to evaluate potential sand fly control methods.
abstract: In laboratory studies, insecticides (diflubenzuron, novaluron, methoprene and, pyriproxyfen) that have been incorporated into rodent diets were effective as feed-throughs against sand fly larvae. Novaluron also was effective against sand fly larvae at low concentrations and under simulated field conditions. Ivermectin has been shown to be effective as a systemic insecticide, killing 100% of blood-feeding sand flies for up to seven d after rodents were treated. The fluorescent tracer technique (FTT) is the use of certain fluorescent dyes (rhodamine B or uranine O) as feed-through transtadial biomarkers for phlebotomine sand flies, systemic biomarkers for blood-feeding sand flies, and permanent markers for nectar-feeding sand flies. The results of these laboratory studies provide proof of concept for the FTT and indicate that the FTT could be used to delineate specific foci with rodent/sand fly associations that would be susceptible to control by using feed-through or systemic insecticides, or foci where insecticide-treated sugar baits could be used against sand flies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mascari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rowton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Foil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008647:Mesocricetus / Q000469:parasitology*; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides