title: RETRACTED: Acarbose on insulin resistance after an oral fat load: a double-blind, placebo controlled study.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of acarbose on insulin resistance parameters in diabetic patients before and after a standardized oral fat load (OFL).
  
  
  
  Patients were assigned to take acarbose 50 mg three times a day or placebo; after the first month, acarbose was titrated to 100 mg three times a day. We evaluated body mass index, glycemic control, fasting plasma insulin (FPI), post-prandial plasma insulin (PPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, lipid profile, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), adiponectin (ADN), tumor necrosis factor-α and resistin (r). Furthermore, at the baseline and at the end of the study, all patients underwent an OFL and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.
  
  
  
  We observed that acarbose was better than placebo in improving glycemic control and HOMA-IR and that it was also more effective in improving lipid profile, RBP-4 and ADN. Regarding FPI, PPI and r, we did not obtain any significant differences between the two groups. During the second OFL, performed after 7 months of therapy with acarbose, we observed a significant decrease of blood glucose, lipid profile and all insulin resistance parameters peaks compared with the OFL administered at baseline with acarbose, but not with placebo.
  
  
  
  Acarbose was more effective than placebo in improving glycemic and lipid profile and in reducing the post-OFL peaks of the various parameters including the insulin resistance biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, PAVIA, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fogari
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Arrigo F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cicero
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D020909:Acarbose; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human