title: Furan levels in coffee as influenced by species, roast degree, and brewing procedures.
abstract: Brazilian green coffee beans of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species were roasted to light, medium, and dark roast degrees and analyzed in relation to furan content by using an in-house validated method based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry preceded by headspace solid-phase microextraction. Furan was not detected in green coffees, whereas levels between 911 and 5852 μg/kg were found in the roasted samples. Higher concentrations were found in Coffea canephora species and darker ground coffees. Some of the potential furan precursors were observed in significant amounts in green coffee, especially sucrose and linoleic acid, but their concentrations could not be correlated to furan formation. Additionally, coffee brews were prepared from roasted ground coffees by using two different procedures, and furan levels in the beverages varied from <10 to 288 μg/kg. The factor that most influenced the furan content in coffee brew was the brewing procedure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, Food Science and Quality Center, Avenida Brasil 2880, P.O. Box 139, 13070-178 Campinas-SP, Brazil. adriana.arisseto@gmail.com
authors.forename: Adriana Pavesi
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Arisseto
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Mariana Soares
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Silvia Amélia Verdiani
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tfouni
authors.forename: Maria Cecília De Figueiredo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Toledo
mesh_terms: D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D005663:Furans