title: Antiplatelet pretreatment does not increase hematoma volume in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: While oral anticoagulants are associated with greater hematoma expansion and higher mortality rates in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), there is ongoing discussion whether pretreatment with antiplatelet drugs also worsens prognosis. Using an experimental model of ICH, we investigated the effects of antiplatelet pretreatment on hematoma volume and functional outcome. CD-1 mice were treated with acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA, 60 mg/kg per 24 hours), clopidogrel (22.5 mg/kg per 24 hours), or both (ASA+clopidogrel) through drinking water for 3 days (n=20 per group). Thereafter, platelet aggregation was found to be significantly reduced. Untreated mice and mice pretreated with warfarin served as controls. A stereotactic injection of collagenase into the right striatum was used to induce ICH. Twenty-four hours after ICH induction, hematoma volume was measured to be 15.0 ± 4.4 μL in controls, 14.1 ± 5.3 μL in ASA mice, 16.8 ± 5.1 μL in clopidogrel mice, and 16.4 ± 5.1 μL in ASA+clopidogrel animals. These differences were not statistically significant. However, mice pretreated with warfarin revealed largely increased hematoma volumes (25.0 ± 7.4 μL versus controls, P=0.001). Neurologic outcome was not different between antiplatelet-pretreated animals and untreated controls. Our results suggest that plasmatic coagulation rather than platelet function is the most critical element for preventing hematoma expansion in acute ICH. Future therapeutic strategies may take these findings into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlunk
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Cott
authors.forename: Helmuth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: Eng H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foerch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D006406:Hematoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin