title: The peptide AF-16 decreases high interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in solid tumors restricts the access to nutrients, oxygen and drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the ability of the peptide AF-16, involved in water and ion transfer through cell membranes, to lower the IFP in two different solid rat mammary tumors, one chemically induced, slowly growing, and the other transplantable, and rapidly progressing having high cellularity. AF-16 was administered either in the tumor capsule, intranasally or intravenously. The IFP was measured by a miniature fiber optic device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AF-16 significantly lowered the IFP in both the slowly and the rapidly progressing tumors, whether administrated locally or systemically. The AF-16 induced IFP reduction was maximal after 90 min, lasted at least 3 h, and returned to pretreatment levels in less than 24 h. Topical AF-16 transiently reduced the IFP in the DMBA tumors from 17.7 ± 4.2 mmHg to 8.6 ± 2.1 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that AF-16 transiently and reversibly lowered the high IFP in solid tumors during a few hours, which might translate into improved therapeutic efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Olama
authors.forename: Annacarin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallgren
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Kliment
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gatzinsky
authors.forename: Ragnar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hultborn
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson-Parra
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Hans-Arne
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jennische
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055100:Optical Fibers; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C533586:peptide AF-16