title: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo performance of a colonic delivery system.
abstract: The aim of this work is to compare in vitro to in vivo performance of a colonic drug delivery system, made of small pectin-ethylcellulose coated drug beads. The delivery system was evaluated in vitro by conducting drug release studies in different dissolution media to mimic transit times and pH conditions in the stomach, small intestine and colon and in vivo by using gamma-scintigraphic studies in dogs and absorption studies in human volunteers under fed and fasted conditions. In vitro release studies indicated that drug release rate depended on the ratio of the pectin to ethylcellulose in the coat and the thickness of the coat. In vivo release studies obtained by deconvolution of biostudy data did not correlate with in vitro results obtained from most coat formulations. Beads showing ideal release profiles in vitro showed very poor performance in vivo and only those beads showing colonic premature drug release in vitro might be able to deliver the drug to the colon. Scintigraphic studies of a selected formulation showed that the labeled beads had an estimated gastric emptying time of 3 h, an estimated small intestine transit time of 2 h and an estimated colonic transit time of 36 h. Average in vivo lag times of the selected formulation from absorption studies in humans were found to be 6.1 h and 4.8 h under fed and fasted conditions, respectively. The C(max) was also observed at 6.8 h and 5.5 h on average, under fed and fasted conditions, respectively, which might indicate that release of drug from the beads, resulted from degradation of pectin in the coat by enzymatic action in the colon rather than by simple diffusion. Deconvolution of biostudy data showed that drug absorption continued on average for at least 12 h under both fed and fasted conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Eini St., Cairo, Egypt. Iman.Saad@Lycos.com
authors.forename: Iman S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ayres
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D000082:Acetaminophen; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose