title: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as a mechanism of disseminating RDX-degrading activity among Actinomycete bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5,-triazine (RDX) is a cyclic nitramine explosive that is a major component in many high-explosive formulations and has been found as a contaminant of soil and groundwater. The RDX-degrading gene locus xplAB, located on pGKT2 in Gordonia sp. KTR9, is highly conserved among isolates from disparate geographical locations suggesting a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event. It was our goal to determine whether Gordonia sp. KTR9 is capable of transferring pGKT2 and the associated RDX degradation ability to other bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate the successful conjugal transfer of pGKT2 from Gordonia sp. KTR9 to Gordonia polyisoprenivorans, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Nocardia sp. TW2. Through growth and RDX degradation studies, it was demonstrated that pGKT2 conferred to transconjugants the ability to degrade and utilize RDX as a nitrogen source. The inhibitory effect of exogenous inorganic nitrogen sources on RDX degradation in transconjugant strains was found to be strain specific.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasmid pGKT2 can be transferred by conjugation, along with the ability to degrade RDX, to related bacteria, providing evidence of at least one mechanism for the dissemination and persistence of xplAB in the environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence of one mechanism for the environmental dissemination of xplAB and provide a framework for future field relevant bioremediation practices.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Eberly
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Indest
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D033601:Gordonia Bacterium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009615:Nocardia / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; D009584:Nitrogen; C009160:cyclonite