title: The discomfort caused by patient pressure on the prescribing decisions of hospital prescribers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of patient expectations and demands on the decisions of prescribers in general practice has been associated with irrational prescribing and lack of evidence-based practice. However, to our knowledge, no one has investigated patient pressure to prescribe in secondary care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influences on hospital prescribers' decisions by exploring what they found uncomfortable when prescribing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative interviews with 48 prescribers of varying seniority from 4 hospitals were conducted. Interviews were based on the critical incident technique, and prescribers were asked, before an interview, to remember any uncomfortable prescribing decisions that they had made; these were then discussed in detail during an interview. This approach allowed the interviewer to explore the more general influences on the decision to prescribe. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. A grounded theory approach to data analysis was taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prescribers discussed various factors that could provoke feelings of discomfort when prescribing. Pressure on the prescribing decision from patients, relatives, or carers was a major theme, and more than half of interviewees discussed discomfort caused by such perceived pressure on the prescribing decision. How prescribers dealt with this pressure varied with seniority and the type of relationship that they had fostered with the patient. Nearly half of all incidents of patient pressure resulted in the patient being prescribed the medication they requested. Yet, many of these requests were deemed inappropriate by the prescriber. Their reasons for capitulation varied but included maintaining a good prescriber-patient relationship and avoiding conflict in the wider health care team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure from patients, relatives, or carers was an uncomfortable influence on these hospital prescribers' prescribing decisions. Increasingly consumer-driven health care will intensify these issues in the future. We advocate further research, focusing on managing patient demands and improving prescribers' coping strategies.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. penny.lewis@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Penny J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tully
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection; D003657:Decision Making; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D010358:Patient Participation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration*; D055656:Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom