title: Long-term occlusal and soft-tissue profile outcomes after treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with fixed appliances.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to determine which factors were predictive of good long-term outcomes after fixed appliance treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seven patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were examined in early adulthood at a mean of 4.6 years after treatment with fixed appliances. The peer assessment rating index was used to evaluate dental alignment and occlusal relationships. The soft-tissue profile was assessed with the Holdaway angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression identified 3 pretreatment variables that were predictive of a good facial profile (Holdaway angle) at recall: the lower lip to E-plane distance (P <0.001; smaller distance behind the E-plane means a better outcome), ANB angle (P = 0.001; smaller ANB means a better outcome), and extraction pattern (P = 0.026). Linear regression analysis showed that 2 pretreatment variables were predictive of a favorable PAR score at recall: SNB angle (P = 0.001; larger SNB means a better outcome) and extraction pattern (P = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three pretreatment cephalometric measures (lower lip to E-plane distance, ANB angle, and SNB angle) were predictive of the outcome in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The extraction pattern was also found to be a predictor of outcome.
authors.affiliation: Lothian University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Orthodontics, Edinburgh University Postgraduate Dental Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: Niall J P
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: Orlagh T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D012690:Serial Extraction / Q000145:classification; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult