title: Emergence of human rotavirus genotype G9 in metropolitan Detroit between 2007 and 2009.
abstract: Between January 2007 and April 2009, rotavirus (RV)-positive stool samples from 238 children with acute gastroenteritis, seen at Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit, USA, were collected and RV genotyping was performed. G and P genotypes were determined by RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing was conducted on selected G9 and P[6] strains. Correlation between the severity of gastroenteritis episode and the infecting G genotype was done using a 14-point scoring system. The predominant G genotype was G9 (39.5 %), followed by G1 (35.3 %) and G4 (15.5 %), while P[8] was the most prevalent P genotype (66.5 %), followed by P[4] (21.9 %) and P[6] (11.2 %). The gene combinations G1P[8] and G9P[8] were the most prevalent (21.4 % and 20.6 %, respectively), followed by G4P[8] (13 %) and G9P[6] (8.8 %). Immunization data showed that only 17/238 (7.1 %) children received ≥one dose of RV vaccine (the pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq or the monovalent vaccine Rotarix) and that 10/17 were infected with G4P[8] strains. Severity of RV gastroenteritis episodes was not related to the infecting G genotype. Our results suggest a high proportion of genotype G9 strains in combination with P[8], P[6] and P[4] specificity circulating in the metropolitan Detroit area. While the protective efficacy of the RV vaccines has been demonstrated against G9P[8] strains, the level of cross-protection offered by the vaccines against G9 strains with P[6] and P[4] genotypes in the Detroit paediatric population remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Nahed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdel-Haq
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Pimpanada
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chearskul
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ahdi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.affiliation: Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA.|Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salimnia
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Basim I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Asmar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins