title: Two-step synthesis of fatty acid ethyl ester from soybean oil catalyzed by Yarrowia lipolytica lipase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enzymatic biodiesel production by transesterification in solvent media has been investigated intensively, but glycerol, as a by-product, could block the immobilized enzyme and excess n-hexane, as a solution aid, would reduce the productivity of the enzyme. Esterification, a solvent-free and no-glycerol-release system for biodiesel production, has been developed, and two-step catalysis of soybean oil, hydrolysis followed by esterification, with Yarrowia lipolytica lipase is reported in this paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, soybean oil was hydrolyzed at 40°C by 100 U of lipase broth per 1 g of oil with approximately 30% to 60% (vol/vol) water. The free fatty acid (FFA) distilled from this hydrolysis mixture was used for the esterification of FFA to fatty acid ethyl ester by immobilized lipase. A mixture of 2.82 g of FFA and equimolar ethanol (addition in three steps) were shaken at 30°C with 18 U of lipase per 1 gram of FFA. The degree of esterification reached 85% after 3 hours. The lipase membranes were taken out, dehydrated and subjected to fresh esterification so that over 82% of esterification was maintained, even though the esterification was repeated every 3 hours for 25 batches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two-step enzymatic process without glycerol released and solvent-free demonstrated higher efficiency and safety than enzymatic transesterification, which seems very promising for lipase-catalyzed, large-scale production of biodiesel, especially from high acid value waste oil.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.|New Bio-Energy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Qinhuangdao Leading Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guili
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: New Bio-Energy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Qinhuangdao Leading Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: New Bio-Energy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Qinhuangdao Leading Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: New Bio-Energy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Qinhuangdao Leading Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuejuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: New Bio-Energy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Qinhuangdao Leading Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: New Bio-Energy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Qinhuangdao Leading Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jilun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li