title: Larval and juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii are not susceptible to infectious hematopoietic necrosis under laboratory conditions.
abstract: Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) leads to periodic epidemics among certain wild and farmed fish species of the Northeast (NE) Pacific. The source of the IHN virus (IHNV) that initiates these outbreaks remains unknown; however, a leading hypothesis involves viral persistence in marine host species such as Pacific herring Clupea pallasii. Under laboratory conditions we exposed specific pathogen-free (SPF) larval and juvenile Pacific herring to 10(3) to 10(4) plaque-forming units (pfu) of IHNV ml(-1) by waterborne immersion. Cumulative mortalities among exposed groups were not significantly different from those of negative control groups. After waterborne exposure, IHNV was transiently recovered from the tissues of larvae but absent in tissues of juveniles. Additionally, no evidence of viral shedding was detected in the tank water containing exposed juveniles. After intraperitoneal (IP) injection of IHNV in juvenile herring with 10(3) pfu, IHNV was recovered from the tissues of sub-sampled individuals for only the first 5 d post-exposure. The lack of susceptibility to overt disease and transient levels of IHNV in the tissues of exposed fish indicate that Pacific herring do not likely serve a major epizootiological role in perpetuation of IHNV among free-ranging sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the NE Pacific.
authors.affiliation: Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, Nordland, Washington 98358, USA. lhart@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Garth S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Traxler
authors.forename: Kyle A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Garver
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Jacob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Courtney A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: Gael
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kurath
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hershberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005399:Fishes; D029142:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; D007814:Larva / Q000821:virology; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors