title: Visceral obesity and inflammation markers in relation to serum prostate volume biomarkers among apparently healthy men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate disease incidence is expected to rise among developing nations secondary to increased prevalence of obesity and the elderly. Although many case-control studies have associated obesity to prostate cancer aggressiveness, few have correlated markers of prostate pathology to biomarkers of visceral obesity and insulin resistance, using an apparently healthy cohort. This study aims to fill this gap.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 219 consenting adult Arab men, aged 30-70 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographics were noted and anthropometrics measured. Fasting blood samples were extracted, and glycaemic and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex assays. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), parathyroid-related protein (PTHrP) and endoglin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum triglycerides and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly and positively associated with circulating (tPSA) levels in all subjects (P < 0·01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), adiponectin, active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (aPAI-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) had significant inverse associations to tPSA. Stepwise linear regression revealed that adiponectin, IGF-1, WHR and PTHrP explained 30% of variance in tPSA levels (P < 0·0001), while SBP, resistin and BMI explained 18·7% of variance in endoglin (P = 0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations of adiponectin and WHR strengthen the link between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity to prostate volume markers among apparently healthy Arab men. Follow-up studies are needed to extend these preliminary findings so that early interventions can be provided to those at increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Majed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alokail
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Al-Attas
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alkharfy
authors.forename: Shaun B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sabico
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullrich
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D018912:Arabs; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000071063:Endoglin; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000097:blood; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014280:Triglycerides; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen