title: Stickler syndrome in Pierre-Robin sequence prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis and postnatal therapy: two cases report.
abstract: The Pierre-Robin Syndrome (PRS) is a rare congenital abnormality, with an approximately 1/30,000 estimated rate, characterized by the presence of the combination of mandibular hypoplasia (micrognathia or small jaw), glossoptosis (retrusion of the tongue into the pharyngeal airway) and, often, a posterior cleft of the secondary palate. It may be an isolated occurrence or part of a more complex syndrome and it is associated with long-term respiratory, nutritional, and developmental difficulties. Stickler syndrome (SS) is a rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder estimated to affect approximately 1/7500 newborns. It is diagnosed clinically and, at present, there is no consensus on a minimal clinical diagnostic criterion. The most frequent diagnosis in patients with syndromic Pierre Robin sequence is Stickler syndrome, which may be complicated by congenital high myopia and substantial risk of retinal detachment. However, cases of Stickler syndrome with probable visual complications are rarely identified among this group of patients by members of the cleft team. The patient had an acute unilateral hydrops, with a monolateral keratoconus. The ocular abnormalities included: severe myopia, abnormalities of the vitreous, and high risk of retinal detachment (with subsequent blindness). We report two extremely rare cases of prenatal diagnosis of PRS and SS, prematurely identified by prenatal ultrasonography and successively managed by oculists ophthalmogists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophtalmology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pacella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malvasi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laterza
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dell'Edera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacella
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferraresi
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Malarska
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallotti
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal