title: Quantifying the influence of thermal process parameters on in vitro β-carotene bioaccessibility: a case study on carrots.
abstract: This study describes a detailed and systematic investigation on the effect of thermal processing in terms of temperature and time (kinetic study) on β-carotene in vitro bioaccessibility in carrots. β-Carotene in vitro bioaccessibility increased with increasing processing temperature and time until steady-state conditions were reached after prolonged heating. The bioaccessibility values in steady-state conditions were temperature dependent. The experimental bioaccessibility data could adequately be modeled with a fractional conversion model. For the first time, modeling of processing-induced bioaccessibility changes is reported in literature. The results of the present kinetic study were used to estimate the impact of industrially relevant thermal processes on β-carotene bioaccessibility in carrots by simulation. It was shown that, to achieve a high β-carotene bioaccessibility, processing of carrots is essential (i.e., on the one hand, intense thermal processing or, on the other hand, mild thermal processing combined with intense mechanical processing).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Ines J P
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Colle
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Buggenhout
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Van Loey
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D010316:Particle Size; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene