title: Proteomic analysis of grape berry cell cultures reveals that developmentally regulated ripening related processes can be studied using cultured cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This work describes a proteomics profiling method, optimized and applied to berry cell suspensions to evaluate organ-specific cultures as a platform to study grape berry ripening. Variations in berry ripening within a cluster(s) on a vine and in a vineyard are a major impediment towards complete understanding of the functional processes that control ripening, specifically when a characterized and homogenous sample is required. Berry cell suspensions could overcome some of these problems, but their suitability as a model system for berry development and ripening needs to be established first.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study we report on the proteomic evaluation of the cytosolic proteins obtained from synchronized cell suspension cultures that were established from callus lines originating from green, véraison and ripe Vitis vinifera berry explants. The proteins were separated using liquid phase IEF in a Microrotofor cell and SDS PAGE. This method proved superior to gel-based 2DE. Principal component analysis confirmed that biological and technical repeats grouped tightly and importantly, showed that the proteomes of berry cultures originating from the different growth/ripening stages were distinct. A total of twenty six common bands were selected after band matching between different growth stages and twenty two of these bands were positively identified. Thirty two % of the identified proteins are currently annotated as hypothetical. The differential expression profile of the identified proteins, when compared with published literature on grape berry ripening, suggested common trends in terms of relative abundance in the different developmental stages between real berries and cell suspensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of having suspension cultures that accurately mimic specific developmental stages are profound and could significantly contribute to the study of the intricate regulatory and signaling networks responsible for berry development and ripening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ramaschandra G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sharathchandra
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stander
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Bongani
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ndimba
authors.forename: Melané A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vivier
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome