title: Testicular microlithiasis: the importance of self-examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the issue of appropriate management of testicular microlithiasis. We report the third ever case of tumour arising from a testis previously known to have microlithiasis in childhood and review the literature to provide an evidence-based approach to management of testicular microlithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and review of previous literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is a strong association between testicular microlithiasis and testicular malignancy at diagnosis, there are only three reported cases of subsequent tumour development in childhood. Testicular microlithiasis is an increasingly recognised entity. There is insufficient evidence in the current literature to support any regime of clinical surveillance. Self-examination is the most important factor in the early detection of testicular malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: Itayi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simango
authors.forename: Grahame H H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002137:Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016353:Self-Examination / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler