title: Infusion of modafinil into anterior hypothalamus or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus at different time-points enhances waking and blocks the expression of recovery sleep in rats after sleep deprivation.
abstract: Clinical studies have indicated that the primary pharmacological activity of modafinil (MOD) is inducing wakefulness; however, the brain targets that underlie its wake-promoting activity have not been described. In the present study, we show that MOD injected into sleep-wake related brain areas promoted alertness. If administered (10, 20, or 30 μg/1 μL) into either anterior hypothalamus (AH) or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) at 08:00, 12:00 or 16:00 h, MOD enhanced wakefulness whereas diminished slow wave sleep as well as rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, microinjection of MOD (10, 20, or 30 μg/1 μL) either into AH or PPTg after total sleep deprivation prevented the sleep rebound. Taken together, these observations suggest that AH and PPTg play a key role in the wake-inducing effects of MOD and encourage further experimentation to draw a possible mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arias-Carrión
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palomero-Rivero
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Millán-Aldaco
authors.forename: Reyes
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drucker-Colín
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murillo-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D007032:Hypothalamus, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008845:Microinjections; D000077408:Modafinil; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000077408:Modafinil