title: Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causative of invasive diseases in Mexican children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus pneumoniae is a worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality, while susceptibility towards penicillin and macrolides can be less than 50% in many regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 isolates of S. pneumoniae causative of invasive diseases in children were characterized, of which 24.6% had a fatal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prevalent serotypes were 19F, 6B, 23F and 14. Resistance to penicillin, erythromycin (mostly of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance phenotype) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in more than 40% of the isolates, but no resistance phenotype appeared linked to lethality. Serotype 3 isolates, which were seldom resistant, had a twofold lethality rate compared to the total sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serotyping could provide a better outcome-predicting tool than susceptibility testing. The seven-valent vaccine does not include the most prevalent serotypes found in Mexico.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arredondo-García
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Echániz-Aviles
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soto-Noguerón
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arzate
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Amabile-Cuevas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D010406:Penicillins; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination