title: Chemoprevention of intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice fed with western or balanced diets by drinking annurca apple polyphenol extract.
abstract: The Western diet (WD) is associated with a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than the Mediterranean diet. Polyphenols extracted from Annurca apple showed chemopreventive properties in CRC cells. A multifactorial, four-arm study by using wild-type (wt) and Apc(Min/+) mice was carried out to evaluate the effect on polyp number and growth of APE treatment (60 μmol/L) ad libitum in drinking water combined with a WD or a balanced diet (BD) for 12 weeks. Compared with APE treatment, we found a significant drop in body weight (P < 0.0001), severe rectal bleeding (P = 0.0076), presence of extraintestinal tumors, and poorer activity status (P = 0.0034) in water-drinking Apc(Min/+) mice, more remarkably in the WD arm. In the BD and WD groups, APE reduced polyp number (35% and 42%, respectively, P < 0.001) and growth (60% and 52%, respectively, P < 0.0001) in both colon and small intestine. Increased antioxidant activity was found in wt animals fed both diets and in Apc(Min/+) mice fed WD and drinking APE. Reduced lipid peroxidation was found in Apc(Min/+) mice drinking APE fed both diets and in wt mice fed WD. In normal mucosa, mice drinking water had lower global levels of DNA methylation than mice drinking APE. APE treatment is highly effective in reducing polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice and supports the concept that a mixture of phytochemicals, as they are naturally present in foods, represent a plausible chemopreventive agent for CRC, particularly in populations at high risk for colorectal neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Research Institute, Sammons Cancer Center, USA.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piazzi
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selgrad
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fogliano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vitaglione
authors.forename: Susanne W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Carmack
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Genta
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: C Richard
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ricciardiello
mesh_terms: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D013634:Tannins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D013634:Tannins; C526219:apple polyphenol extract; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid