title: The role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
abstract: The introduction of beta-blockers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases was a milestone and one of the most important contributions to clinical medicine in the 20th century. For many years, beta-blockers were considered contraindicated in patients with chronic heart failure owing to the negative inotropic action of these substances. With increasing evidence of neurohormonal activation in heart failure patients, there was a focus on the potential role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Several large randomized placebo- controlled clinical trials have shown favorable effects of beta-blockers on mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients with impaired systolic function. Beneficial effects in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function are less clear. A reduction in heart rate is one of several mechanisms by which beta-blockers exert beneficial effects in chronic heart failure. In this article we present results from major clinical trials examining beta-blocker treatment in chronic heart failure patients and discuss heart rate as a therapeutic target in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ullevaal Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubon
authors.forename: Nisha B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grundvold
authors.forename: Sigrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
authors.forename: Sverre E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: Arne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Westheim
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists