title: Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic function and structure independent of blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal left ventricular (LV) structure and diastolic function are frequently detected in a variety of heart diseases, and insulin resistance has been suggested to be associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The aims of this study were to determine the association between LVDD or LV structure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or insulin resistance, and whether or not the associations are independent of age, blood pressure, and plasma glucose level.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1599 subjects (1161 men and 398 women), 25-83 years of age, who underwent medical health check-ups at two institutions, were enrolled. LV diastolic function and structure were assessed by echocardiographic evaluation, including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects with MetS had significant differences in the level of parameters reflecting cardiac structure and LV diastolic function compared to those without MetS, even after adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose level (P<0.001). MetS was independently associated with an increased risk for LVDD (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.18-2.37; P = 0.004). In addition, as the HOMA-IR value increased, the level of parameters reflecting cardiac structure and LVDD significantly increased and the E/A ratio significantly decreased (P<0.001). Furthermore, the LV mass, E/A ratio, and E/E' ratio were significantly different across the HOMA-IR quartiles, even after adjustment for other confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS and insulin resistance are associated with abnormal LV diastolic function and structure independent of age, gender, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: You-Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Moon-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose