title: Maternal nutrition and gastroschisis: findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroschisis is increasing in many countries, especially among young women. Because young women may have inadequate nutrition, we assessed the relationship between individual nutrients and the risk for gastroschisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based case-control study. Cases were ascertained from 10 birth defect surveillance systems. Controls were randomly selected from birth certificates or hospital records. Nutrient intake was estimated for the year prior to conception from maternal interviews based on a 58-item food frequency questionnaire and cereal consumption reported. A total of 694 cases and 6157 controls were available for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reported intake of individual nutrients did not substantially affect the risk for gastroschisis. Stratification by maternal age, preconception body mass index, folic acid-containing supplements, or energy intake (kilocalories) did not alter risk estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not support an increased risk for gastroschisis with decreasing tertiles of individual nutrients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. marcia.feldkamp@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Marcia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Feldkamp
authors.forename: Suzan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Janice D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Panichello
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Lorenzo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Botto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires