title: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacterial infections in adult solid organ transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited research is available evaluating infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms in adult recipients of solid organ transplant (SOT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical response and rate of recurrence of ESBL-producing organisms in 20 SOT recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective case series, records of adult SOT recipients with an admitting diagnosis of infection and a positive culture for an ESBL-producing organism from January 2003 through August 2006 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients met inclusion criteria. The median time to infection following transplant was 3.5 years (range 1-23 years). Overall, 85% of the patients received inadequate empiric antibiotic therapy, including ciprofloxacin or piperacillin/tazobactam, to manage their infection. Nineteen patients had clinical resolution; however, 12 patients required at least 1 readmission due to infection recurrence. One patient's death occurred during the study period. The median time to readmission for a recurrence was 41 days (18-455 days). All recurrent infections were caused by the same ESBL-producing pathogen and 10 of 12 (83%) infections occurred at the same site as the initial infection. Among patients with recurrent infections, 75% received inadequate empiric therapy upon readmission. All 12 patients with recurrent infections had successful clinical responses to both initial and recurrent infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The provision of inadequate empiric therapy for new and recurrent infections due to ESBL-producing pathogens was common in this study population. SOT recipients with a history of infection due to an ESBL-producing organism presenting with a new infection should receive adequate empiric therapy with a carbapenem agent until a definitive diagnosis can be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Holli A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: Rupal K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Parbhoo
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D001618:beta-Lactamases