title: Comparison of fentanyl and sufentanil added to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subarachnoid block is widely used for cesarean section due to the rapid induction, the complete analgesia, the low failure rate and the prevention of aspiration pneumonia. The addition of intrathecal opioids to local anesthetics seems to improve the quality of analgesia & prolong the duration of analgesia. Therefore we compared the effects of fentanyl 20 µg and sufentanil 2.5 µg, which were added to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  SEVENTY TWO HEALTHY TERM PARTURIENTS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: Group C (control), Group F (fentanyl 20 µg) and Group S (sufentanil 2.5 µg). In every group, 0.5% heavy bupivacaine was added according to the adjusted dose regimen by Harten et al. We observed the maximal level of the sensory block and motor block, the quality of intraoperative analgesia, the duration of effective analgesia and the side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between the control and the fentanyl 20 µg and sufentanil 2.5 µg groups for the degree of muscle relaxation, the quality of intraoperative analgesia, the maximal sedation level and the duration of effective analgesia. The frequencies of side effects such as nausea and pruritis in the opioid groups were higher than those in the control group. But there were no differences between fentanyl 20 µg and sufentanil 2.5 µg for the frequencies of nausea and pruritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of fentanyl 20 µg or sufentanil 2.5 µg for spinal anesthesia provides adequate intraoperative analgesia without significant adverse effects on the mother and neonate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Pocheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kum Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jong Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Duk Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Hyeon Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tong Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Wan Seop
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yun