title: Rapid assays of clozapine and its metabolites in dried blood spots by liquid chromatography and microextraction by packed sorbent procedure.
abstract: A novel analytical approach has been developed for the determination of clozapine and its metabolites in dried blood spots on filter paper, using a chromatographic method coupled with a microextraction by packed sorbent procedure. The analytes were separated on a RP-C18 column using a mobile phase composed of 20% methanol, 16% acetonitrile and 64% aqueous phosphate buffer. Coulometric detection was used, setting the guard cell at +0.050 V, the first analytical cell at -0.200 V and the second analytical cell at +0.500 V. Clozapine and its metabolites were extracted from dried blood spots with phosphate buffer and, then, a microextraction by packed sorbent procedure for the sample clean-up was implemented obtaining good extraction yields. The calibration curve was linear over the 2.5-1000 ng mL(-1) blood concentration ranges for all the analytes. The method validation gave satisfactory results in terms of sensitivity, precision, selectivity and accuracy. The analytical method was successfully applied to dried blood spots from several psychiatric patients for therapeutic drug monitoring purpose.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Addolorata
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saracino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazzara
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prugnoli
authors.forename: Maria Augusta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raggi
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D000432:Methanol; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D003024:Clozapine; D000432:Methanol; C032159:acetonitrile