title: Alcohol use, illicit drug use, and road rage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article examines the relationship between the consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs and the experience of road-rage victimization and perpetration among drivers and nondrivers in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was designed with 2,500 subjects, ages 14-70 years, living in Castile and León, Spain, of which 1,276 (51 %) were males and 1,224 (49%) females. The Alcohol-Use And Drug-Use Survey of Castile and León, Spain 2008 focused on patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug consumption. Potential risk factors for road-rage experience for the previous 12 months was assessed, including sociodemographics (7 variables), patterns of alcohol consumption (7 variables), and patterns of drug consumption (10 variables).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among drivers, driving under the influence of alcohol and/or cannabis during the previous year was associated with being a perpetrator of road rage (odds ratio [OR] = 3.72, 95% CI [1.71, 8.10] and 6.77 [1.55, 29.48], respectively), being both a victim and perpetrator of road rage (OR = 1.80 [1.05, 3.07] for alcohol, 5.34 [1.64, 17.41] for cannabis, and 4.81 [1.09, 21.16] for alcohol and cannabis), and with serious road-rage perpetration (OR = 4.97 [2.40, 10.30] for alcohol and 17.75 [5.88, 53.56] for cannabis). Problem drinking (CAGE scores ≥ 2) was associated with being both a victim and perpetrator of road rage (OR = 2.74 [1.67, 4.50]) and with low (OR = 1.77 [1.09, 2.85]) and serious (OR = 3.47 [1.65, 7.30]) road-rage perpetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Driving under the influence of alcohol or cannabis and being a problem drinker are associated with the perpetration of serious road-rage behavior, as well as experiencing road-rage victimization and perpetration.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Alcohol and Drug Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 7, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011889:Rage; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs