title: Maternal and paternal parenting styles: unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency.
abstract: The present study examines the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between fathers' and mothers' parenting styles and male and female delinquency using a sample of 330 Dutch families with a mid or late adolescent son or daughter (ages 14-22), followed across two measurement waves with a 5-year interval. Parenting styles of fathers and mothers were linked to delinquency. A significant parenting style by sex interaction was found: neglectful parenting was related to higher levels of delinquency in males and permissive parenting was linked to delinquency in females. A long term relationship was found between fathers' neglectful parenting style and delinquency in males. Furthermore, results revealed that levels of delinquency were the lowest in families with at least one authoritative parent and highest in families with two neglectful parents, indicating that the level of delinquency was dependent on the combination of mother's and father's parenting styles.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NWO-NSCR), P.O. Box 792, 2300 AT Leiden, The Netherlands. m.hoeve@uva.nl
authors.forename: Machteld
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoeve
authors.forename: Judith Semon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dubas
authors.forename: Jan R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gerris
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: van der Laan
authors.forename: Wilma
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smeenk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult