title: Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases.
abstract: Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections could lead to effective and targeted therapies. Subsets of immune and inflammatory cells interact via ILs and IFNs; reciprocal regulation and counter balance among T(h) and regulatory T cells, as well as subsets of B cells, offer opportunities for immune interventions. Here, we review current knowledge about ILs 1 to 37 and IFN-γ. Our understanding of the effects of ILs has greatly increased since the discoveries of monocyte IL (called IL-1) and lymphocyte IL (called IL-2); more than 40 cytokines are now designated as ILs. Studies of transgenic or knockout mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided important information about IL and IFN functions. We discuss their signaling pathways, cellular sources, targets, roles in immune regulation and cellular networks, roles in allergy and asthma, and roles in defense against infections.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland. akdisac@siaf.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Mübeccel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akdis
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burgler
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crameri
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eiwegger
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klunker
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Palomares
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rhyner
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouaked
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quaked
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaffartzik
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van De Veen
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Cezmi A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Akdis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D017471:Receptors, Interferon / Q000276:immunology*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D017471:Receptors, Interferon; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D007371:Interferon-gamma