title: Quantitative assessments of indoor air pollution and respiratory health in a population-based sample of French dwellings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been related to respiratory health effects, but have generally been assessed individually without taking into account the fact that such pollutants are highly correlated to one other.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of exposure to various VOC, and considered their combined effect on adult asthma and rhinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national cross-sectional representative survey conducted by the Indoor Air Quality Observatory objectively assessed 20 VOCs in 490 main dwellings in France. A standardized questionnaire determined the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis among 1012 inhabitants of the dwellings (≥ 15 years). Marginal models for binary outcome were used to relate VOCs exposure to asthma and rhinitis, controlling for potential confounders. A global score representing the number of VOCs in each dwelling with an elevated concentration (using the 3(rd) quartile value of the distribution as a threshold value) was then derived as a measure of the combined effect of VOCs. Specific scores were built using a similar approach, grouping VOCs by family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asthma (8.6%) was significantly associated with N-undecane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and rhinitis (38.3%) with ethylbenzene, trichloroethylene, m/p- and o-xylene. The global VOC score was associated with a significant risk of asthma and rhinitis (odds ratio (OR) of 1.40 and 1.22, respectively, for 5 additional VOCs with high exposure level). Both specific scores for aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons were associated with a significantly risk of asthma (OR=1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.24 and OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.03-1.93, respectively). The specific VOC score for halogenated hydrocarbons was associated with a significant risk of rhinitis (OR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that high concentrations of VOCs in homes were associated with an increasing prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in adults.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR S 707, EPAR, F-75012 Paris, France. billionnet@u707.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Billionnet
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leynaert
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Annesi-Maesano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds