title: Pattern formation in two-dimensional square-shoulder systems.
abstract: Using a highly efficient and reliable optimization tool that is based on ideas of genetic algorithms, we have systematically studied the pattern formation of the two-dimensional square-shoulder system. An overwhelming wealth of complex ordered equilibrium structures emerge from this investigation as we vary the shoulder width. With increasing pressure three structural archetypes could be identified: cluster lattices, where clusters of particles occupy the sites of distorted hexagonal lattices, lane formation, and compact particle arrangements with high coordination numbers. The internal complexity of these structures increases with increasing shoulder width.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungsszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. fornleitner@cmt.tuwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fornleitner
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kahl
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers