title: Optimization of long-range BOTDA sensors with high resolution using first-order bi-directional Raman amplification.
abstract: In this paper we perform an optimization of Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors for achieving high resolution over long sensing ranges using distributed Raman amplification. By employing an optimized first-order bi-directional Raman amplification scheme and combining high-power fiber-Raman lasers and Fabry-Pérot lasers with low relative-intensity-noise (RIN), we demonstrate distributed sensing over 120 km of standard single-mode fiber with 2 meter spatial resolution and with a strain/temperature accuracy of 45με/2.1°C respectively.
authors.affiliation: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolognini
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Pasquale
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007834:Lasers; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014159:Transducers