title: Morphological evaluation of colorectal carcinoma with grading staging and histological types.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the morphology, grading and staging of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and to assess the relationship between these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Departments of Pathology, University of Health Sciences and Sheikh Zayed Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore, Pakistan, over a period of one year. The study consisted of 100 colectomy/hemicolectomy specimens, received fixed in 10% formalin. The specimens were examined grosslyto observe the various macroscopical features of tumours. Haematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were examined to determine the histological type, grade and stage of CRC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 100 cases, 59 were non mucinous adenocarcinomas, of which 4 were in Dukes' stage A, 51 were in Dukes' stage B and 4 were in Dukes' stage C. Cases of nonmucinous CRC of grade I to grade II were 55 in number. In thirty cases of mucinous carcinomas, 18 were in Dukes' stage B and 12 were in Dukes' stage C, of these 2 were of grade I, 20 were of grade II and 8 were of grade III. All the 11 signet ring cell carcinomas were of grade III and in Dukes' stage C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mucin secreting and signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas of colon and rectum are high grade tumours and presented at an advanced stage.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, University of Health Sciences and Sheikh Zayed Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Uzma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.forename: Abdul Hannan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nagi
authors.forename: Sabiha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: Waqas
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sami
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010154:Pakistan; D011379:Prognosis