title: [Clinical observation of passive leg raising combined with non invasive cardiac output monitoring system in predicting volume responsiveness].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether passive leg raising (PLR) combined with ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring system (USCOM) could be used to predict the hemodynamic response to volume expansion (VE) in patients with spontaneous respiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed with prospective , cohort study method. Thirty three patients with spontaneous breathing activity who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from October 2009 to April 2010 were included. Measurements of stroke volume (SV) were obtained with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and USCOM. Patients were considered to be responders to VE if SV(TTE) increased ≥ 15%. Based on the responsiveness of VE, all the patients were divided into responders and non responders. The change in SV (ΔSV) after the experiment and its correlation were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 36 fluid load tests in 33 patients were evaluated resulting in 24 responders and 12 non responders. There was no significant difference between two groups in the clinical data and hemodynamics parameters at incipient stage when head side of bed was raised for 45 degrees angle.After PLR, the ΔSV(TTE) and ΔSV(USCOM) in responder group were significantly higher than those in non responder group [ΔSV(TTE): (21.7 ± 13.2)% vs. (4.8 ± 9.4)%,ΔSV(USCOM):(23.5 ± 13.0)% vs. (4.6 ± 8.9)%, both P <0.01], with positive correlation between ΔSV( TTE) and ΔSV(USCOM) ( r =0.792, P <0.01). After VE, the ΔSV(TTE)and ΔSV(USCOM) in responder group were significantly higher than those in non responder group [ΔSV(TTE): (27.3 ± 14.1)%vs.(7.2 ± 8.4)%,ΔSV(USCOM): (25.4 ± 13.8)% vs. (6.7 ± 8.6)%, both P <0.01], with positive correlation between ΔSV(TTE) and ΔSV(USCOM) ( r =0.855, P <0.01). The ΔSV(TTE) ≥ 15% during PLR was predictive of response to VE with a sensitivity of 100.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 85.0-100.0] and a specificity of 83.3% (95% CI 68.4-98.2). The ΔSV(USCOM)≥ 15% during PLR was predictive of response to VE with a sensitivity of 83.3% (95% CI 66.1-100.0) and a specificity of 94.4% (95% CI 83.9-100.0). There was no difference between the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for PLR induced ΔSV(TTE)and ΔSV(USCOM) (0.95 ± 0.04 vs. 0.93 ± 0.05, P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLR combined with USCOM can predict the hemodynamic response to VE in spontaneously breathing patients, and the procedure can be used to guide fluid therapy in spontaneously breathing patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hong-liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai-jiang
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011446:Prospective Studies