title: Measuring abdominal adipose tissue: comparison of simpler methods with MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study compares the relationship of visceral and total abdominal adipose tissue (VAT and TAAT) measurements obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a range of 'simpler' techniques suitable for field or bedside use: BMI, waist circumference (WC), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) devices and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  
  
  METHODS
  120 participants were recruited, stratified by gender and BMI (20 men and 20 women within each group: lean, overweight and obese). Measurements included height, weight, WC (at midpoint), DXA L2-L4 fat, and BIA (two whole-body and one abdominal device). MRI was used as the reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI data showed that men have more VAT than women, (mean 147 vs. 93 cm(2)) despite less TAAT (362 vs. 405 cm(2)). Correlations of simpler abdominal fat measures showed significantly higher correlations with TAAT than with VAT in men and women. Similarly, trunk and whole-body fat measures were significantly more strongly correlated with TAAT than with VAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the simpler techniques show strong correlations with VAT measured by MRI, but WC, abdominal BIA 'visceral fat level' and DXA L2-L4 fat all show similar and strong correlations with TAAT and may be useful in large scale surveys.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK. lucy.browning@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mugridge
authors.forename: Adrian K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Sri W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jebb
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult