title: Association of androgen receptor gene, CAG and GGN repeat length polymorphism and impulsive-disinhibited personality traits in inmates: the role of short-long haplotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analyses the association between impulsive-disinhibited personality traits and the androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in both inmates and control samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used two samples: 153 inmates (mean age= 33.31 years; standard deviation: 8.6; range: 20-63) and 108 controls (mean age= 26.71 years; standard deviation: 9.68; range: 17-53). A disinhibited personality construct was measured using the following personality scales: Sensation Seeking, Aggression-Hostility, Psychoticism, Sensitivity to Reward, Novelty Seeking and Impulsivity. A factor analysis of the six scales provided a normalized z index that was taken as a measure of impulsive-disinhibited personality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data show that inmates carrying CAG short and GGN long haplotype group (short-long haplotype) obtained higher scores on all personality scales. Differences were found for the Impulsive Sensation-Seeking scale (age-adjusted multivariate analysis, P<0.016) and z index (P<0.036). When comparing extreme groups in the impulsive-disinhibited personality index (taking the 75th percentile as a cut-off), carriers of the short-long haplotype were more prevalent in the extreme high group (30 vs. 10%: unadjusted odds ratio=3.8; 95% confidence interval=1.5-9.8; age-adjusted odds ratio=4.4; 95% confidence interval=1.6-12; P<0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the androgen receptor CAG and GGN polymorphisms might influence impulsive-disinhibited personality traits.
authors.affiliation: University of Lleida, Province, Spain. aluja@pip.udl.cat
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aluja
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanch
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fibla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011330:Prisons; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen