title: Clonal spread of levofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates in Madrid, Spain, 2007 to 2009.
abstract: Among 1,349 Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates, 45 (3.3%) were levofloxacin resistant. Serotype distribution was as follows: 8 (n=32 isolates), 19A (n=4 isolates), 7F (n=3 isolates), 9V (n=2 isolates), 10A (n=1 isolate), 19F (n=1 isolate), 6B (n=1 isolate), and nontypeable (n=1 isolate). Levofloxacin-resistant isolates had dual mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Serotype 8 strains corresponded to a capsular switching of the Sweden(15A)-25 clone. Levofloxacin resistance was also detected among multiresistant (ST276(19A), Spain9V-ST156, ST88(19F), and ST1542(6B)) and among usually antibiotic-susceptible (Netherlands7F-ST191, ST1201(19A), and ST2639(10A)) clones.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos., Plaza de Cristo Rey s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. iciaravial@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Iciar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Avial
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cercenado
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ordobás
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D013030:Spain; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase