title: Long-term experience of mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunosuppressive therapy may potentially alter the natural disease course of scleroderma. There have been reports of using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of scleroderma skin disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the experience of using MMF for the treatment of active diffuse cutaneous scleroderma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compared the change in mean modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS) in an MMF cohort at baseline with scores at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and with those of historical controls from a pooled analysis of three multicentre randomised clinical trials of recombinant human relaxin, d-penicillamine and oral bovine type I collagen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement in mRSS after treatment with MMF compared with baseline was seen as early as 3 months and continued through the 12-month follow-up. The mRSS of the MMF cohort was not different from that of the historical controls at 6 months (MMF -3.05 ± 7.4 vs relaxin -4.83 ± 6.99, p=0.059), but was significantly lower at 12 months (MMF -7.59 ± 10.1 vs d-penicillamine -2.47 ± 8.6, p<0.001; collagen -3.4 ± 7.12, p=0.002). General and muscle severity scores and quality of life measures also improved compared with baseline. Pulmonary function remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMF may benefit skin disease in patients with diffuse scleroderma, but prospective studies are required to determine its role.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Fredrick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wigley
authors.forename: Ami A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boin
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hummers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012065:Relaxin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045743:Scleroderma, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012065:Relaxin; D010396:Penicillamine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid