title: Exploring in-session focus on the patient-therapist relationship: patient characteristics, process and outcome.
abstract: This study explored the amount of in-session focus on the patient-therapist relationship during early treatment with patient pre-treatment interpersonal style, personality pathology, patient ratings of session process and outcome. The sample consisted of 76 outpatients engaged in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Results showed that higher levels of pre-treatment personality pathology and interpersonal problems were positively related to a greater focus on the patient-therapist relationship early in treatment. This was especially true for patients with a cold/distant interpersonal style and low self-esteem. Moreover, these two patient pre-treatment characteristics demonstrated a significant change over the course of therapy. These post-treatment changes also demonstrated a significant relationship with greater early treatment focus on the patient-therapist relationship. In addition, we found an interaction effect between quality of object relations (i.e., higher levels of object relations) and greater early treatment focus on the patient-therapist relationship with subsequent changes in patient cold/distant interpersonal problems. Greater in-session focus on the therapeutic relationship was not significantly related to patient ratings of session process. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuutmann
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hilsenroth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D009769:Object Attachment; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014167:Transference, Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome