title: Formulation and evaluation of verapamil hydrochloride loaded solid lipid microparticles.
abstract: The present study aimed to produce verapamil hydrochloride-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) by the w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique, using diethyl ether as solvent phase, glyceryl monostearate as biodegradable polymer and Span 60 as surfactant. SLM of spherical shape were prepared by simple dilution of the emulsion with water. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to reach sub-micron size, a high-shear homogenizer was used. The encapsulation efficiency of prepared SLM reached 74.29 +/- 0.76%. Particle size (98.55 +/- 1.42 microm), surface morphology (spherical) and drug loading efficiency (18.57 +/- 1.25% w/w) were investigated. And optimization of drug polymer ratio (3:1), nature and concentration of emulsion stabilizer in the external aqueous (0.1%), phase viscosity of external aqueous phase (0.5%), volume of external aqueous phase and stirring rate (1000 rpm) were detected. Analysis of microsphere content after processing showed that verapamil did not undergo any chemical modification within the micro-particles. The in-vitro release of verapamil from the microparticles was very low and an initial burst effect of 17% of the dose was observed. The slow release may help to avoid a high frequency of administration. The prepared solid lipid microparticles appear to have interesting perspectives as delivery systems for the oral administration of verapamil hydrochloride with improved half-life, improved bioavailability, and minimized local and systemic gastrointestinal disturbances of the drug.
authors.affiliation: VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, India. Pilaniya.urmila@yahoo.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pilaniya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pilaniya
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chandrawanshi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rajput
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008055:Lipids; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D050178:Monoglycerides; D010316:Particle Size; D013228:Stearates; D013242:Sterilization; D013499:Surface Properties; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D050178:Monoglycerides; D013228:Stearates; C480659:polyglycerol monostearate; D014700:Verapamil; D005990:Glycerol