title: Implementation of Fowler's method for end-tidal air sampling.
abstract: The design, realization and testing of a CO(2)-triggered breath sampler, capable of a separate collection of dead space and end-tidal air on multiple breaths, is presented. This sampling procedure has advantages in terms of the sample volume, insights regarding the origin of compounds, increased reproducibility and higher concentrations of compounds. The high quality of design and the speed of the components ensure a breath-by-breath estimate of dead volume, as well as the comfort and safety of the subject under test. The system represents a valid tool to contribute to the development of a standardized sampling protocol needed to compare results obtained by the various groups in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy. Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loccioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pioggia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roehrer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabucchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onor