title: Rheological properties of aqueous micellar gels of a thermo- and pH-sensitive ABA triblock copolymer.
abstract: This article presents a systematic study of the effect of pH on the rheological properties of aqueous micellar gels formed from 10.0 wt % aqueous solutions of a thermo- and pH-sensitive ABA triblock copolymer, poly(ethoxydi(ethylene glycol) acrylate-co-acrylic acid)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ethoxydi(ethylene glycol) acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (P(DEGEA-co-AA)-b-PEO-b-P(DEGEA-co-AA)). The block copolymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of DEGEA and tert-butyl acrylate with a molar ratio of 100:5 from a difunctional PEO macroinitiator and subsequent removal of tert-butyl groups using trifluoroacetic acid. PDEGEA is a thermosensitive water-soluble polymer with a cloud point of 9 °C in water. The thermo-induced sol-gel transition temperature (T(sol-gel)) of the 10.0 wt % aqueous solution of P(DEGEA-co-AA)-b-PEO-b-P(DEGEA-co-AA) can be continuously and reversibly tuned over a wide temperature range by varying the solution pH. The sol-gel transition became broader with the increase of pH, which stemmed from the weaker and broader LCST transition of P(DEGEA-co-AA) blocks at higher pH values. The maximum value of dynamic storage modulus, obtained from heating ramp, and the plateau storage moduli (G(N)), evaluated from frequency sweeps at three normalized temperatures (T/T(sol-gel) = 1.025, 1.032, and 1.039), decreased with the increase of pH from 3.00 to 5.40 with the sharpest drop observed at pH = ∼4.7. The decrease in G(N) reflects the reduction of the number of bridging polymer chains and simultaneously the increase of the numbers of loops and dangling polymer chains. The ionization of carboxylic acid groups at higher pH values introduced charges onto the thermosensitive blocks and made the polymer chains more hydrophilic, facilitating the formation of loops and dangling chains in the gels. The increase in the number of dangling polymer chains with the increase of pH was supported by fluorescence spectroscopy studies, which showed that the critical micelle concentration of P(DEGEA-co-AA)-b-PEO-b-P(DEGEA-co-AA) at a temperature corresponding to T(sol-gel) was higher at a higher pH. The results reported in this article showed that both T(sol-gel) and gel strength can be tuned by varying the solution pH, providing greater design flexibility for potential applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: O'Lenick
authors.forename: Naixiong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jeremiah W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Woodcock
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao