title: Bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease: review of evidence.
abstract: Presently there are 170 million diabetic patients worldwide. Pakistan ranks sixth in the world with approximately 6.2 million in the 20-79 year age affected by the diabetes. 6-10% of the 35-44year old diabetic patients have been reported to be affected by moderate form of periodontal disease in Pakistan. Periodontal disease is referred to as sixth complication of diabetes. The association between diabetes and periodontal disease has been reported for more than 40 years but reverse has not been the focus of researchers until recently. Studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and glycaemic control with each disease having a potential impact on the other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, Sheikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore.
authors.forename: Bilal Abdul Qayum
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Ayma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izhar
authors.forename: Ayyaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018836:Inflammation Mediators