title: Randomized trial of NTrap for proximal ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role, safety, and effectiveness of NTtrap stone occlusion device in prevention of stone migration in proximal ureteral lithotripsy and whether such a procedure has less morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospectively randomized controlled trial was carried out from January 2008 and December 2009. A total of 113 patients undergoing ureteroscopic stone manipulation for proximal ureteral stones (>9 mm) completed the study protocol: 57 patients in the control group, and 56 patients in the NTtrap group. Preoperative data included urinalysis, urine culture, complete blood count, biochemistry study, renal ultrasound, and intravenous urography. Intraoperative findings and outcome were also recorded. The stone-free rate was assessed using ultrasound and plain radiograph of the kidney, ureter, and bladder in patients with calcified stones and noncontrast computerized tomography in patients with radiolucent stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between the groups with regard to follow-up time, stone impaction, return to normal activity, unplanned emergency department visits and complications rate. However, patients in the control group had a significantly higher rate of stone retropulsion. Meanwhile, operative time, visual analog scale, and analgesic consumptions were significantly higher in the NTtrap group. No ureteral stricture developed in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that the NTtrap stone occlusion device is efficient at preventing stone retropulsion during intracorporeal lithotripsy of proximal ureteral calculi.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Saint Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, China. jing@stm.org.tw
authors.forename: Chung-Jing
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shi-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chien-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy