title: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and acute encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like flaccid paralysis.
abstract: A 3-year-old male presented with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The patient developed an episode of HLH with severe skin eruption following C. pneumoniae pneumonia. Symptoms responded to steroid/cyclosporine A therapy, but the patient slowly lost consciousness and developed systemic flaccid paralysis. He was diagnosed with encephalitis/myelitis by brain and spinal MRI. Neurological symptoms and signs gradually resolved. We thought that the immune response to C. pneumoniae infection triggered the development of HLH, associated with unusual neurological complications. This report describes a novel case of C. pneumoniae-associated HLH and with poliomyelitis like flaccid paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shakaihoken Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe, Japan. y-kanae@s3.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kanae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Shinsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imashuku
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010243:Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone