title: Gender-specific mediational links between parenting styles, parental monitoring, impulsiveness, drinking control, and alcohol-related problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, it has been suggested that traits may dynamically change as conditions change. One possible mechanism that may influence impulsiveness is parental monitoring. Parental monitoring reflects a knowledge regarding one's offspring's whereabouts and social connections. The aim of this investigation was to examine potential gender-specific parental influences to impulsiveness (general behavioral control), control over one's own drinking (specific behavioral control), and alcohol-related problems among individuals in a period of emerging adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct and mediational links between parenting styles (permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative), parental monitoring, impulsiveness, drinking control, and alcohol-related problems were investigated. A multiple-group, SEM model with (316 women, 265 men) university students was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the overall pattern among male and female respondents was distinct. For daughters, perceptions of a permissive father were indirectly linked to more alcohol-related problems through lower levels of monitoring by fathers and more impulsive symptoms. Perceptions of an authoritative father were also indirectly linked to fewer impulsive symptoms through higher levels of monitoring by fathers among daughters. For men, perceptions of a permissive mother were indirectly linked to more alcohol-related problems through lower levels of monitoring by mothers and more impulsive symptoms. For sons, perceptions of mother authoritativeness were indirectly linked to fewer alcohol-related problems through more monitoring by mothers and fewer impulsive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring by an opposite-gender parent mediated the link between parenting styles (i.e., permissive, authoritative) on impulsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX 76798-7334, USA. Julie_Patock@Baylor.edu
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Patock-Peckham
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Antonio A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Morgan-Lopez
authors.forename: Emilio C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.forename: Jennifer M Filson
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moses
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001318:Authoritarianism; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010541:Permissiveness; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol