title: Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor as biomarkers for lymph node metastasis and poor cancer-specific survival in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to analyze the clinicopathologic significance of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in human prostate cancer (CaP), and their involvement in the prognosis of CaP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of SDF-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 were measured using immunohistochemistry in 148 CaP patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease and in 10 samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CaP group, VEGF and MMP-9 were more strongly expressed in the tumor cells compared with the BPH group. High intensity SDF-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 stains in tumor areas strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis, pathologic stage, and differentiation. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that SDF-1, VEGF, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for prostate cancer-specific survival. High levels of MMP-9, pathologic stage, and differentiation were associated with prostate cancer-specific survival in univariate analysis but the risk estimate was not significant in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expression levels of SDF-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 are more correlated with lymph node metastatic prostate carcinoma compared with non-lymph-node metastatic cancer. High expression levels of SDF-1 and VEGF strongly predict the biochemical progression in CaP patients after radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer, People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Qinwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhengtang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9