title: Rapid and transient activation of γδ T cells to IFN-γ production, NK cell-like killing, and antigen processing during acute virus infection.
abstract: γδ T cells are the majority peripheral blood T cells in young cattle. The role of γδ T cells in innate responses against infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus was analyzed on consecutive 5 d following infection. Before infection, bovine WC1(+) γδ T cells expressed a nonactivated phenotype relative to CD62L, CD45RO, and CD25 expression and did not produce IFN-γ ex vivo. Additionally, CD335 expression was lacking and no spontaneous target cell lysis could be detected in vitro, although perforin was detectable at a very low level. MHC class II and CD13 expression were also lacking. Following infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus, expression of CD62L and CD45RO was greatly reduced on WC1(+) γδ T cells, and unexpectedly, CD45RO expression did not recover. A transient increase in expression of CD25 correlated with production of IFN-γ. Expression of CD335 and production of perforin were detected on a subset of γδ T cells, and this correlated with an increased spontaneous killing of xenogeneic target cells. Furthermore, increased MHC class II expression was detected on WC1(+) γδ T cells, and these cells processed protein Ags. These activities are rapidly induced, within 3 d, and wane by 5 d following infection. All of these functions, NK-like killing, Ag processing, and IFN-γ production, have been demonstrated for these cells in various species. However, these results are unique in that all these functions are detected in the same samples of WC1(+) γδ T cells, suggesting a pivotal role of these cells in controlling virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
authors.forename: Felix N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Toka
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Golde
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055627:Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C086500:DMBT1 protein, Bos taurus; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D055627:Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D007371:Interferon-gamma