title: Composition and biological activity of essential oils from Labiatae against Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) soybean pest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant essential oils have been recognised as an important natural source of insecticide. This study analysed the chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oils that were isolated via hydrodistillation from Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) against eggs, second instar and adults of Nezara viridula (L.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major component of oregano was p-cymene, and, for thyme, thymol. The ovicidal activity was tested by topical application; the essential oil from thyme was more effective. The fumigant activity was evaluated in an enclosed chamber; the LC50 values for oregano were 26.8 and 285.6 µg mL(-1) for nymphs and adults respectively; for thyme they were 8.9 µg mL(-1) for nymphs and 219.2 µg mL(-1) for adults. To evaluate contact activity, a glass vial bioassay was used; the LC50 values for oregano were 1.7 and 169.2 µg cm(-2) for nymphs and adults respectively; for thyme they were 3.5 and 48.8 µg cm(-2) respectively. The LT50 analyses for contact and fumigant bioassays indicated that thyme was more toxic for nymphs and adults than oregano. Both oils produced repellency on nymphs and adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that the essential oils from O. vulgare and T. vulgaris could be applicable to the management of N. viridula.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados II, Dpto de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Jorge O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Werdin González
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Adriana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ferrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005651:Fumigation; D020062:Heteroptera; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010063:Ovum; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile