title: Comparative evaluation of GFAAS and ICP-MS for analyses of cadmium in blood.
abstract: Cadmium in blood (Cd-B) is an important indicator, next to Cd in urine, in biological monitoring of exposure to Cd. The present study was initiated to examine compatibility in results of analysis for Cd-B between graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). For this purpose, 1,159 blood samples were collected from adult women (with no occupational exposure to Cd) in eight prefectures nation-widely in Japan. The samples were analyzed by the two methods; geometric mean (the maximum) concentrations were 1.22 (6.90) μg/l by ICP-MS, and 1.47 (7.40) μg/l by GFAAS. Statistical analyses showed that there was a close correlation between the results by the two methods. The regression line (with ICP-MS and GFAAS results as an independent variable and a dependent variable, respectively) had a slope close to one and an intercept next to zero to suggest that ICP-MS gave values compatible with that of GFAAS. Further analysis with the ratio of Cd-B by GFAAS over that by ICP-MS revealed that the two results were close to each other, and that the agreement was even closer when Cd-B was >2 μg/l. Thus, the two methods can be employed inter-convertibly when Cd-B is relatively high, e.g. >2 μg/l. Care may need to be practiced, however, for possible 'between methods' difference when Cd-B is low, e.g., ≤2 μg/l.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Industrial Health Association Main Office, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Sonoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakuragi
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood*; D019963:Clinical Chemistry Tests; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006108:Graphite; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D006108:Graphite