title: Is central obesity, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia associated with high-grade prostate cancer? A descriptive cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of central obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia with higher grade advanced prostate cancer as determined by Gleason grading is not well understood. We evaluated the effect of central obesity waist hip ratio (WHR ≥ 0.9) and biochemical parameters associated with central obesity on Gleason grading in North Indian patients of prostate cancer presenting at advanced stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 nondiabetic patients having clinical stages III and IV prostate cancer. Gleason grading on core biopsy samples by histopathology was done and patients were divided in two groups-group1, Gleason score ≥8; group 2, Gleason score <8. WHR along with serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, insulin, and lipid profile was done in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups are similar in Age (67.54 years); range (50-80 years). Group 1 men had statistically higher mean WHR (0.96 vs 0.90; P ≤ 0.001), higher mean triglyceride level (201.34 vs 150.52 mg/dL; P=0.0006), higher mean very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (40.27 vs 30.10 mg/dL; P =0.0006), higher mean insulin (19.49 vs 15.04 μIU/mL; P = 0.0024), and lower mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (32.39 vs 36.82 mg/dL; P = 0.034) than men in group 2. Serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, and testosterone did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study involving small number of patients indicates that central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia could be associated with high-grade prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, CSM Medical University (KGMC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pawni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prabhat
authors.forename: Reshu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Natu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalela
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh