title: Profiling the effects of indacaterol on dyspnoea and health status in patients with COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, ultra-long-acting β(2)-agonist bronchodilator for maintenance use in patients with COPD. The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of indacaterol on dyspnoea and health status, using pooled study data to evaluate the relative efficacy of indacaterol and existing bronchodilators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual patient data were pooled from three randomized, placebo-controlled studies (NCT00393458; NCT00567996; NCT00463567), conducted in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Treatments were double-blind indacaterol 150 μg (n = 746) or 300 μg (n = 853) once-daily, formoterol 12 μg twice-daily (n = 556), salmeterol 50 μg twice-daily (n = 333) and placebo (n = 1185); and open-label tiotropium 18 μg once-daily (n = 415). Evaluation after 6 months' treatment was by transition dyspnoea index (TDI; minimum clinically important difference [MCID] ≥1 point), and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ; MCID ≥4 units).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences from placebo in TDI total score were 1.01 (indacaterol 150 μg) 1.28 (indacaterol 300 μg), 0.74 (formoterol), 0.92 (salmeterol) and 0.88 (tiotropium) (all p < 0.05), with corresponding odds ratios versus placebo for exceeding the MCID from baseline of 1.91, 2.69, 2.02, 1.79 and 1.49 (all p < 0.05). Differences versus placebo in SGRQ total score were -4.4 (indacaterol 150 μg), -3.4 (indacaterol 300 μg), -2.8 (formoterol), -4.0 (salmeterol) and -1.7 (tiotropium) (all p < 0.05), with corresponding odds ratios versus placebo for exceeding the MCID of 1.95, 1.63, 1.54, 1.82 and 1.29 (all p < 0.05 apart from tiotropium).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indacaterol provided clinically important improvements in dyspnoea and health status that were at least as good as and often better than those observed with existing bronchodilator treatments for COPD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Science, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. pjones@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D004983:Ethanolamines; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; C510790:indacaterol; D000420:Albuterol; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate