title: Effect of three countermeasures against the illegal crossing of railway tracks.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effects of three countermeasures--landscaping, building a fence and prohibitive signs--on the frequency of trespassing, which in this case means crossing the track at places where it is forbidden. At each location the official route was no more than 300 m away. The main results showed that the effect of each countermeasure on the frequency of trespassing was statistically significant. Specifically, the fencing reduced trespassing by 94.6%, followed by landscaping (91.3%) and prohibitive signs (30.7%). The majority of illegal crossings were committed alone and the persons trespassing were mostly adults and men. In addition, the results demonstrated some tendencies of how the effects of the selected countermeasures can vary with the characteristics of the trespassers. The main implication of this study is that the building of physical barriers such as landscaping or fencing is recommended for reducing trespassing. However, if the required resources are not available or the site is not suitable for such measures, the use of prohibitive signs is recommended. Further, there is a need to tailor the countermeasures to the characteristics of the trespassers in order to ensure that the most appropriate countermeasures are applied.
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 3, PO Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland. anne.silla@vtt.fi
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silla
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luoma
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D001107:Architectural Accessibility / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011890:Railroads / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012449:Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D055815:Young Adult