title: Effects of 4-week very-high-fructose/glucose diets on insulin sensitivity, visceral fat and intrahepatic lipids: an exploratory trial.
abstract: An increasing amount of fructose in the diet is suggested to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver. Our aim was to investigate and compare the effects of very high fructose and very high glucose in hyperenergetic diets on glucose and lipid metabolism and on fat depots in healthy humans. We conducted an exploratory, prospective, randomised, single-blinded, intervention trial. Participants in addition to a balanced weight-maintaining diet received 150 g of fructose or glucose/d for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from oral glucose tolerance tests. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat was determined with MRI. Liver fat and intramyocellular lipids of the tibialis anterior muscle were measured with (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A total of twenty healthy subjects (fructose group n 10 and glucose group n 10; twelve males and eight females) completed the study. They had a mean age of 30·5 (SEM 2·0) years and a mean BMI of 25·9 (SEM 0·5) kg/m(2). Insulin sensitivity appeared to decrease both in the fructose and glucose groups. TAG markedly increased in the fructose group. No strong alterations or treatment effects were found for liver fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat and intramyocellular lipids of the tibialis anterior muscle. In conclusion, the effects of very high fructose and very high glucose in hyperenergetic diets on glucose metabolism and body fat composition were not different in the healthy participants of the present study. However, elevation of plasma TAG seemed to be fructose-specific.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Guenther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silbernagel
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machann
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unmuth
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stefan
authors.forename: Hans U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritsche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014527:Uric Acid; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose