title: Identification of components of fibroadenoma in cytology preparations using texture analysis: a morphometric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of image analysis using textural parameters obtained from a co-occurrence matrix in differentiating the three components of fibroadenoma of the breast, in fine needle aspirate smears.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty cases of histologically proven fibroadenoma were included in this study. Of these, 40 cases were used as a training set and 20 cases were taken as a test set for the discriminant analysis. Digital images were acquired from cytological preparations of all the cases and three components of fibroadenoma (namely, monolayered cell clusters, stromal fragments and background with bare nuclei) were selected for image analysis. A co-occurrence matrix was generated and a texture parameter vector (sum mean, energy, entropy, contrast, cluster tendency and homogeneity) was calculated for each pixel. The percentage of pixels correctly classified to a component of fibroadenoma on discriminant analysis was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The textural parameters, when considered in isolation, showed considerable overlap in their values of the three cytological components of fibroadenoma. However, the stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that all six textural parameters contributed significantly to the discriminant functions. Discriminant analysis using all the six parameters showed that the numbers of pixels correctly classified in training and tests sets were 96.7% and 93.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Textural analysis using a co-occurrence matrix appears to be useful in differentiating the three cytological components of fibroadenoma. These results could further be utilized in developing algorithms for image segmentation and automated diagnosis, but need to be confirmed in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India. sompal151074@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D018226:Fibroadenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties