title: A combined Phase I and II open-label study on the immunomodulatory effects of seaweed extract nutrient complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isolated fucoidans from brown marine algae have been shown to have a range of immune-modulating effects. This exploratory study aimed to determine whether a seaweed nutrient complex containing a blend of extracts from three different species of brown algae plus nutrients is safe to administer and has biological potential as an immune modulator. The study was undertaken as an open-label combined Phase I and II study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 10) were randomized to receive the study medication at either a 100 mg (n = 5) or 1000 mg (n = 5) dose over 4 weeks. The primary outcome measurement was in vivo changes in lymphocyte subsets. The secondary outcome measures were ex vivo changes in T-lymphocyte (CD4 and CD8) activation, phagocytosis of granulocytes and monocytes, T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokines, and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preparation was found to be safe over the 4 weeks at both doses tested. There were no clinically relevant changes to blood measurements of hemopoietic, hepatic, or renal function. Immunomodulatory measurements showed no dose response between the two doses. The combined results from the two doses demonstrated a significant increase in cytotoxic T cell numbers and phagocytic capacity in monocytes, and a significant decrease in levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6. A separate analysis of the 100 mg dose (n = 5) alone showed a significant linear component over time (P < 0.05) for phagocytosis by both granulocytes and monocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The seaweed nutrient complex was safe to use when taken orally over 4 weeks. The preparation was demonstrated to have potential as an immune modulator, and this bioactivity deserves further exploration.
authors.affiliation: NatMed-Research Unit, Research Cluster for Health and Wellbeing, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia;
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: J Helen
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fitton
authors.forename: Lyndon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Connellan
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wohlmuth
authors.forename: Phil A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cheras
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morris