title: The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different modalities of exercise on metabolic control, insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and tissue expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 after 12 weeks of training among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to 4 groups of training (3 times a week, 60 minutes per session): aerobic group (n = 12), resistance group (n = 12), combined (aerobic and resistance) group (n = 12), and control group (n = 12). Fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), adipocytokines (adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin), tumor necrosis factor, interleukin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Patients also underwent a muscle microbiopsy before and after training to quantify IRS-1 expression. All 4 groups displayed decreases in blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, lipid profile, and hs-CRP (P < .05); and there was no difference across the groups. After training, the IRS-1 expression increased by 65% in the resistance group (P < .05) and by 90% in the combined group (P < .01). Exercise training favorably affects glycemic parameters, lipid profile, blood pressure, and hs-CRP. In addition, resistance and combined training can increase IRS-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. mlfernandes@ufu.br
authors.forename: Maria Luiza Mendonça Pereira
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Vanessa Neves
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Nathalia Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: Lara Ferreira
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Paraiso
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calixto
authors.forename: Angelica Lemos Debs
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Elmiro Santos
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: Eduardo Rochete
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ropelle
authors.forename: Jose Barreto
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carvalheira
authors.forename: Foued Salmen
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Espindola
authors.forename: Paulo Tannus
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geloneze
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human