title: [A study on differences of suicide risk in substance use disorder patients by types of an abused substance: a comparison among alcohol, amphetamine, and sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorder patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substance use disorder is one of the important mental health problems related to suicide, nearly equal with depressive disorder. However, it is unclear how differences of abused substances influence the suicide risk of individuals with substance use disorder in Japan. The purpose of the present study is to compare an estimated suicide risk among patients with alcohol, amphetamine, and sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 1082 outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), 191 with amphetamine-like use disorder (AMUD), and 63 with sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorder (SUD), all of whom consecutively had consulted seven medical facilities specialized for treatment of substance use disorder during a month of December 2009. A self-reporting questionnaire including the items of Kessler 10 (K10) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) was administered, and scores of the K10 and M.I.N.I., and the other clinical information were compared among the patients with AUD, AMUD, and SUD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AMUD and SUD showed significantly higher score on the M.I.N.I. than those with AUD, while those with SUD showed highest score on the K10, followed by those with AMUD. In either of patients with AUD, AMUD, or SUD, approximately 60% of the subjects who attempted suicide within a month reported to take any psychoactive substance in the attempted suicide. Additionally, a remarkable difference was found in histories of general psychiatric treatment before consulting medical facilities specialized for treatment of substance use disorder between these three groups. Most of outpatients with SUD reported such histories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outpatients with SUD appeared to involve the highest risk for suicide of all patients with substance use disorder, probably because of the comorbid-severe depression. In our speculation, SUD which our subjects suffered from might be induced or accelerated by pharmacotherapy performed in general psychiatric facilities. Education on dependency of prescribed psychotropic drugs to general psychiatrists is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Dependence Research/Center for Suicide Prevention, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Sachio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okudaira
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashizawa
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konuma
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Aro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ino
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives