title: Antigen-specific adaptive immune responses in fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: T cells exit secondary lymphoid organs along a sphingosine1-phosphate (S1P) gradient and, accordingly, are reduced in blood upon fingolimod-mediated S1P-receptor (S1PR)-blockade. Serving as a model of adaptive immunity, we characterized cellular and humoral immune responses to influenza vaccine in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in untreated healthy controls. Although the mode of action of fingolimod might predict reduced immunity, vaccine-triggered T cells accumulated normally in blood despite efficient S1PR-blockade. Concentrations of anti-influenza A/B immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG also increased similarly in both groups. These results indicate that fingolimod-treated individuals can mount vaccine-specific adaptive immune responses comparable to healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroimmunology Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehling
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Durovic
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eichin
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhle
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klimkait
authors.forename: Raija L P
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine