title: [Outcome of operative treatment for supination-external rotation Lauge-Hansen stage IV ankle fractures].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ankle fractures are among the most common musculoskeletal injures. These fractures occur with an overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate around 180 per 100 000 person-years. The most frequent mechanism is considered to be supination-external rotation (60 to 80% of all ankle fractures) consisting of pathologic external rotation of the foot initially placed in some degree of supination. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, ankle joint structures are damaged in a sequence where the final, stage IV injuries, represents transverse fracture of the medial malleolus or its equivalent-rupture of the deltoid ligament.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to compare the results of two subtypes of supination-external rotation stage IV fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  43 patients treated surgically in 2006 to 2007 at Authors institution because of stage IV supination-external rotation ankle fracture were submitted to retrospective analysis. There were 25 patients with bimalleolar fracture (type 1) and in 18 patients with lateral malleolar fracture with accompanying rupture of the deltoid ligament (type 2). The mean age was 46 years (from 20 to 82 years). Average follow up period was 37 months (from 24 to 46 months). For the evaluation of treatment AOFAS hind-foot score (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean AOFAS score scale for Type 1 fractures was 85 points and for type 2 was significantly higher and amounted to 91 points (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supination-external rotation stage IV ankle fractures with medial malleolar fracture, requires the implementation of additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and procedures in order to improve the outcome of results.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Ortopedii i Traumatologii, Pomorska Akademia Medyczna w Szczecinie. lukas@hot.pl
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Kołodziej
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boczar
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohatyrewicz
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zietek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000145:classification* / Q000601:surgery*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013484:Supination; D055815:Young Adult