title: The alterations in neurotransmitters and their metabolites in discrete brain regions in the rats after inhalation of disinfectant, glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 weeks.
abstract: Glutaraldehyde (GA) and ortho-phtalaldehyde (OPA) have been widely used as major components of disinfectants in hospitals. We evaluated the alterations in GA or OPA in rats after subacute inhalation exposure by determining levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine [NE], dopamine [DA], DA metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC] and homovanillic acid [HVA], indoleamine serotonin [5-HT] and 5-HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]) in discrete brain regions using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an electrochemical detector. Female Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb gaseous GA or OPA by inhalation for 1 h per day, 5 d per week for 4 wk. Following the exposure, the brain of each rat was removed and dissected into cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, midbrain, corpus striatum and hypothalamus. The neurotransmitters and their metabolites were extracted from each brain region, and determined by HPLC. Regarding GA, the daily water intake of the 50 or the 200 ppb exposed groups was significantly lower than that of the control. DA and 5-HIAA levels in the medulla oblongata among the GA exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control. For OPA, the mean final body weight and daily food intake of the 100 or 200 ppb exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control. The mean DA concentrations in the cerebrum in the groups exposed to OPA were significantly lower than those of the control. OPA may modulate DA metabolism in the cerebrum of female rats. The levels GA or OPA that induced alienations in neurotransmitters were comparable to those levels usually found in hospitals, further studies are warranted to evaluate the of safety of disinfectants containing GA or OPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Japan. katagiri@ahs.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Tetsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005976:Glutaral / Q000633:toxicity*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D009764:o-Phthalaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D009764:o-Phthalaldehyde; D005976:Glutaral