title: Eight weeks of citicoline treatment does not perturb sleep/wake cycles in cocaine-dependent adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Citicoline (cytidine-5'-diphosphate) is a mononucleotide composed of ribose, cytosine, pyrophosphate, and choline, and is involved in the biosynthesis of the structural phosopholipids of cell membranes. Treatment with citicoline, improves memory in patients with dementia, and reduces damage to the brain after traumatic brain injury or stroke. Recent research has been conducted to assess whether citicoline is an effective treatment for cocaine dependence. In cocaine-dependent individuals, withdrawal from cocaine is associated with disturbed sleep, which may contribute to the high rate of relapse to cocaine use. Therefore, it is important to know the impact of citicoline on the sleep/wake cycle in these individuals in order to rate its overall efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the effects of citicoline treatment on the sleep/wake cycles of cocaine dependent participants were assessed. The results of the current study are reported as part of a larger study, consisting of an eight-week treatment period to assess the efficacy of longer-term treatment with citicoline at decreasing cocaine consumption in cocaine-dependent polydrug using participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this non-abstinent, cocaine-dependent population, citicoline had no effect on any of the sleep parameters measured including sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, number of waking episodes, time awake per episode, amount of time in bed spent moving, number of sleep episodes, time asleep per episode, and amount of time in bed spent immobile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that eight weeks of citicoline administration does not disturb sleep/wake cycles of cocaine-dependent individuals.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA. bbracken@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Bethany K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bracken
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Penetar
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodolico
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lukas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline