title: Random parameter models for accident prediction on two-lane undivided highways in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Generalized linear modeling (GLM), with the assumption of Poisson or negative binomial error structure, has been widely employed in road accident modeling. A number of explanatory variables related to traffic, road geometry, and environment that contribute to accident occurrence have been identified and accident prediction models have been proposed. The accident prediction models reported in literature largely employ the fixed parameter modeling approach, where the magnitude of influence of an explanatory variable is considered to be fixed for any observation in the population. Similar models have been proposed for Indian highways too, which include additional variables representing traffic composition. The mixed traffic on Indian highways comes with a lot of variability within, ranging from difference in vehicle types to variability in driver behavior. This could result in variability in the effect of explanatory variables on accidents across locations. Random parameter models, which can capture some of such variability, are expected to be more appropriate for the Indian situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is an attempt to employ random parameter modeling for accident prediction on two-lane undivided rural highways in India. Three years of accident history, from nearly 200 km of highway segments, is used to calibrate and validate the models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the analysis suggest that the model coefficients for traffic volume, proportion of cars, motorized two-wheelers and trucks in traffic, and driveway density and horizontal and vertical curvatures are randomly distributed across locations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper is concluded with a discussion on modeling results and the limitations of the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India. rrdinu@iitm.ac.in
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dinu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veeraragavan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016014:Linear Models; D008433:Mathematics; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data