title: Diffusivity of normal-appearing tissue in acute traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide information about traumatic changes not visible in conventional MRI. The ADC values in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) were measured and correlated with initial severity and outcome scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study 22 unselected patients were studied 1 week (mean 7 ± 2 days) after TBI of variable severity. In conventional MRI 7 patients were without visible findings, 15 showed cortical contusions or traumatic axonal injury and 14 healthy subjects served as controls. The ADC values were measured from 46 brain regions away from the visible traumatic changes and compared between the groups. Regional ADC values and the number of abnormal regions were correlated with the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on arrival in hospital and the Glasgow outcome scale (extended version, GOS-E) at 1 year after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADC values of TBI patients with and without visible lesions did not show any differences but both groups differed significantly from the controls in several cortical and deep brain regions. Increased ADC values were common in TBI groups but decreased ADC values were relatively uncommon. The regional ADC values and the number of abnormal regions did not correlate with either GCS or GOS-E scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased diffusion in normal appearing brain tissue is a common finding 1 week after TBI in patients with and without visible lesions in conventional MRI. More investigations are needed to evaluate how these findings could be used for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340, 00029 HUS, Finland. nimabr@utu.fi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brandstack
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiekkanen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tenovuo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult