title: Aripiprazole maintenance increases smoked cocaine self-administration in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial dopamine receptor agonists have been proposed as candidate pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This 42-day, within-subject, human laboratory study assessed how maintenance on aripiprazole, a partial D(2) receptor agonist, influenced smoked cocaine self-administration, cardiovascular measures, subjective effects, and cocaine craving in nontreatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to achieve steady-state concentrations, participants (n = 8 men) were administered placebo and aripiprazole (15 mg/day) capsules in counter-balanced order for 21 days. A smoked cocaine dose-response curve (0, 12, 25, 50 mg) was determined twice under placebo and aripiprazole maintenance. Sessions comprised a "sample" trial, when participants smoked the cocaine dose available that session, and five choice trials, when they responded on a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement to receive the cocaine dose or receive $5.00.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cocaine's reinforcing, subjective, and cardiovascular effects were dose-dependent. Aripiprazole significantly increased cocaine (12, 25 mg) self-administration. Following a single administration of cocaine (25 mg), aripiprazole decreased ratings of how much participants would pay for that dose. Following repeated cocaine (50 mg) self-administration, aripiprazole decreased ratings of cocaine quality, craving, and good drug effect as compared to placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that aripiprazole may have increased self-administration to compensate for a blunted subjective cocaine effect. Overall, the findings do not suggest aripiprazole would be useful for treating cocaine dependence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University and Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. mh235@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haney
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Foltin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012646:Self Administration; D012906:Smoke; D014040:Token Economy
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D012906:Smoke; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D003042:Cocaine