title: Understanding instability and rupture of poly(alkyl-2-cyanoacrylate) capsules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poly(alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates) (PACAs) are degradable biomaterials that are clinically applied as surgical glue and studied as a matrix for particulate drug carriers such as nanoparticles or micro/nanocapsules. The stability of capsule walls is essential to avoid leakage of encapsulated compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  PACA capsules and (co)polymer films were prepared and characterization of their morphologies and thermal properties was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thin-walled capsules that allow for a large internal volume to carry the payload were instable due to the high brittleness of PACA. Strategies to reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) from values as high as ~ 120 °C included plasticization by solvents and copolymerization approaches. By using the latter, the Tg of commonly used n-butylcyanoacrylate could be reduced up to 30 K, following predictions of mixed-system glass transition temperatures obtained, for example, by the Fox equation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thin-walled PACA capsules may allow for large payloads in the field of drug delivery and beyond, but require modifications of the PACA to improve capsule stability by more elastic capsule walls.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterial Development and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Institute of Polymer Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wischke
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Axel T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Neffe
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lendlein
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004548:Elasticity; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000737:chemistry*; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010968:Plasticizers; D012997:Solvents; D004659:Enbucrilate