title: Antifungal evaluation of cholic acid and its derivatives on Candida albicans by microcalorimetry and chemometrics.
abstract: In the last few years, several fungus infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic agents have got tremendous emergence and prevalence. Screening for novel antifungal agents is in great demand, but traditional microbiological techniques are far from sufficient to meet that requirement. In this study, a non-invasive and non-destructive microcalorimetric method was performed to investigate the antifungal activities of cholic acid (CA) and its derivatives, glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) on the multiplying and non-multiplying metabolism of Candida albicans. Then, the heat-flow power-time curves of C. albicans growth affected by different concentrations of CA, GCA and TCA were studied by similarity analysis (SA), the quantitative thermokinetic parameters from these curves were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). By comparing the values of two main parameters, P(2) (the heat-flow output power of the highest peak) and Q(2) (the heat output of the second exponential growth phase) of C. albicans, it could be found that CA had the strongest antifungal activity among the three steroid compounds, which might be used as a potential antifungal agent in the future. This study provided a useful method and idea of microcalorimetry with chemometrics to efficiently evaluate the antifungal activities of bile acid derivatives, giving some references for screening out new antifungal agents. However, it has to be stressed that all these experiments are carried out in vitro and they still require clinical validation.
authors.affiliation: China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Military Hospital of China, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jiabo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xiaohe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qingce
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zulun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002151:Calorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D019826:Cholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006000:Glycocholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D019826:Cholic Acid; D006000:Glycocholic Acid