title: Nutrition education guided by Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents on metabolic syndrome characteristics, adipokines and inflammatory markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to test whether "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" have beneficial effects on anthropometric and metabolic variables, adipokines and inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-stage sampling method was applied to select metabolic syndrome patients in two districts of Shanghai. Two hundred and seventy-two metabolic syndrome patients were divided into control and intervention groups according to their district. Nutrition education guided by "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" was performed in the intervention group for one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior were improved in the intervention group. Potassium intake and food to total energy ratio for grain, vegetable and fruit increased while sodium intake as well as fat to total energy ratio decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Correspondently, the intervention group significantly improved its waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the control group (p<0.05). Waist circumference changes from baseline to end of the study in the intervention and the control groups were -3.9±0.3 and -2.3±0.4 cm respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.004). Means of waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was higher in the intervention group than the control group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" had beneficial effects on anthropometric, lipids, adipokines and inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: 130 Dong'an Rd, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Xiu
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wen-Tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha