title: Endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula involving marginal sinus with emphasis on the routes of transvenous embolization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dural arteriovenous fistulas involving marginal sinus are relatively rare. Transvenous embolization is a curative treatment of choice for them. Regional anatomy surrounding the marginal sinus comprises complex craniocervical bony structures and abundant venous interconnections. Therefore, dural arteriovenous fistulas involving marginal sinus may have various routes for a transvenous approach. The purpose of this article was to analyze endovascular treatment of marginal sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas with emphasis on the routes of transvenous embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) involving the marginal sinus who were treated with transvenous embolization were retrospectively analyzed in terms of endovascular treatment: angiographic architecture, routes of venous approach, and treatment results case by case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant complications except for headache, ocular pain, and facial flushing after transvenous embolization. Immediate angiographic outcomes were complete in four patients and partial in one patient. Clinical outcomes during follow-up were complete recovery in four patients and intermittent tinnitus in one patient. Three different transvenous approaches were used for transvenous coil embolization: ipsilateral internal jugular vein in three patients, contralateral internal jugular vein in one patient, and vertebral venous plexus in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvenous coil embolization in treating marginal sinus DAVF is a safe and effective method. In case of failure of an internal jugular venous approach, alternative routes of embolization should be considered. Understanding the regional venous anatomy of the craniocervical junction is important for targeting fistulous sites and selecting routes for transvenous embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong Ik
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Moon
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003392:Cranial Sinuses; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome