title: Native fluorescence spectroscopic evaluation of chemotherapeutic effects on malignant cells using nonnegative matrix factorization analysis.
abstract: The native fluorescence spectra of retinoic acid (RA)-treated and untreated human breast cancerous cells excited with the selective wavelengths of 300 nm and 340 nm were measured and analyzed using a blind source separation method namely Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF). The results show that the fluorophores of human malignant breast cells change their compositions when they are treated with RA. The reduced contribution from tryptophan, NADH and flavin to the fluorescence of the treated breast cancerous cells was observed in comparison with that of the untreated cells. The results indicate that the decrease of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the RA-treated cells. The possible clinical applications of this native fluorescence study are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, The Department of Electric Engineering, City University of New York, Convent Avenue at 138th Street, New York, NY 10031, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Alfano
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005415:Flavins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005415:Flavins; D009243:NAD; D014212:Tretinoin; D014364:Tryptophan