title: Wild bitter gourd extract up-regulates mRNA expression of PPARα, PPARγ and their target genes in C57BL/6J mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser.) was commonly used as a medicinal herb in Asia, Africa, and South America because of its anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-viral, and chemopreventive functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 250, 500 or 1000mg/kg BW of WBGE in 0.2mL/mouse of olive oil daily for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control (vehicle treated) mice, mice receiving WBGE showed significantly higher PPARα, ACO (acyl-CoA oxidase) and L-FABP (liver-fatty acid binding protein) mRNA expression, ACO activity and protein in the liver (P<0.05), as clofibrate-treated mice. WBGE treatment also resulted in significantly higher PPARγ and LPL (lipoprotein lipase) mRNA (P<0.05) in the epididymal adipose tissue. Liver triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentration in WBGE treated mice were significantly lower than those of control mice (P<0.05). Plasma adiponectin level was significantly higher in mice receiving WBGE than in control mice (P<0.05), as the rosiglitazone treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study demonstrated that WBGE also activates PPARα and PPARγ signaling pathway in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. cychao@asia.edu.tw
authors.forename: Che-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Mei-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Ching-Jang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002994:Clofibrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004822:Epididymis; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D029777:Momordica charantia; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D002994:Clofibrate