title: The prognostic value of the orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 (NROB1) in node-negative breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DAX-1 inhibits oestrogen receptor (ER) activities and aromatase P450 expression. The prognostic effect of DAX-1 expression in breast cancer was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  DAX-1, apolipoprotein D (ApoD), mitotic activity index (MAI) and other prognosticators were evaluated, by quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, in 103 invasive node-negative breast carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With median 122 months follow-up, 24 patients developed distant metastases, of whom, 21 (20%) died. Low DAX-1 expression both by qRT-PCR and IHC was associated with poor survival. Combined strong DAX-1 and Apo D expression identified a subgroup with excellent survival. The most favourable prognostic combination was MAI <3 or (MAI ≥ 3 combined with DAX-1 and ApoD high expression) versus MAI ≥ 3 with either low ApoD and/or low DAX-1 expression) (p<0.0001, HR=6.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In operable node-negative breast cancer, strong DAX-1 expression is associated with excellent survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slewa
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skaland
authors.forename: Yinhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gudlaugsson
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kjellevold
authors.forename: Håvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Søiland
authors.forename: Jan P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Baak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053399:Apolipoproteins D / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D006023:Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C024328:APOD protein, human; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C539965:NR0B1 protein, human