title: Glutamate receptors in laryngeal cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite recent improvements in treatment strategies, the results of chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx are not satisfactory. Thus, the development of new approaches which influence specific metabolic pathways are needed. In the last decade, evidence has emerged implicating a role for glutamate as a signal mediator in tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of glutamate receptor subunits in two laryngeal cancer cell lines (RK33 and RK45) was evaluated by means of end-point PCR, real-time PCR, and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamate receptor subunits are differentially expressed in laryngeal cancer cell lines. In addition, we show that selected ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist inhibit proliferation of laryngeal cancer cells. Glutamate antagonists also affected activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signaling through glutamate receptors may influence growth of laryngeal cancer cells and may constitute an adjunctive therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University, ul Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. andrzej.stepulak@gmail.com
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stepulak
authors.forename: Hella
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luksch
authors.forename: Ortrud
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uckermann
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sifringer
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rzeski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polberg
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kupisz
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klatka
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kielbus
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabarska
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marzahn
authors.forename: Lechoslaw
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turski
authors.forename: Chrysanthy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ikonomidou
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D058468:Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D058468:Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C061950:GYKI 52466; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D008559:Memantine