title: Impact of multilayered compression bandages on sub-bandage interface pressure: a model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multi-component medical compression bandages are widely used to treat venous leg ulcers. The sub-bandage interface pressures induced by individual components of the multi-component compression bandage systems are not always simply additive. Current models to explain compression bandage performance do not take account of the increase in leg circumference when each bandage is applied, and this may account for the difference between predicted and actual pressures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To calculate the interface pressure when a multi-component compression bandage system is applied to a leg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use thick wall cylinder theory to estimate the sub-bandage pressure over the leg when a multi-component compression bandage is applied to a leg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mathematical model was developed based on thick cylinder theory to include bandage thickness in the calculation of the interface pressure in multi-component compression systems. In multi-component compression systems, the interface pressure corresponds to the sum of the pressures applied by individual bandage layers. However, the change in the limb diameter caused by additional bandage layers should be considered in the calculation. Adding the interface pressure produced by single components without considering the bandage thickness will result in an overestimate of the overall interface pressure produced by the multi-component compression systems. At the ankle (circumference 25 cm) this error can be 19.2% or even more in the case of four components bandaging systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bandage thickness should be considered when calculating the pressure applied using multi-component compression systems.
authors.affiliation: University of Leeds, Mechanical Engineering, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS29JT, UK. j.alkhaburi@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al Khaburi
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dehghani-Sanij
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001458:Bandages; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods; D058128:Compression Bandages; D006801:Humans; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000628:therapy*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000628:therapy*