title: Barriers to maternal workforce participation and relationship between paid work and health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Families of children with disabilities experience extra financial strains, and mothers are frequently unable to participate in paid work because of caregiving obligations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mailed survey and follow-up phone calls were used to gather data about mother's health, workforce participation and barriers to inclusion in the workplace (n = 152). Verbatim reports of issues that hindered workforce participation were analysed qualitatively to derive themes. Maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured using the Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2). Norm-based conversions were used to compare HRQoL between working and non-working mothers and to compare to population norms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two per cent of mothers in the sample wanted and needed to work for pay but indicated over 300 issues that prevent their work participation. Data analysis revealed 26 common issues which prevent work participation. These issues fit into three main categories: mother-related reasons (28%), child-related reasons (29%) and service limitations (43%). Mothers who worked (n = 83) reported significantly better HRQoL than mothers who did not work (n = 69) on five of the eight SF-36v2 dimensions and overall mental health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to other working Australians, mothers in this study had higher education yet reported poorer health, lower family income and lower workforce participation. Respondents reported that service system limitations were the main barriers to participation in the paid workforce. Investigation of service changes such as increased respite care, availability of outside hours school care, improved professional competency and family-centred services is recommended in order to improve maternal participation in paid work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University-Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. helen.bourke-taylor@monash.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bourke-Taylor
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Howie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Law
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000451:nursing*; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology