title: Poorer perinatal outcome in male newborns of women with pregestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess perinatal outcome in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus according to the sex of the fetus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all singleton pregnancies of women with pregestational diabetes progressing to a gestational age of 22 weeks or more who attended the diabetes and pregnancy clinic from 1981 to 2006 (n=455). We compared maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes (perinatal mortality, major congenital malformations, small and large for gestational age newborns, preterm birth and a composite of the former) according to the sex of the fetus. A logistic regression analysis was performed using the composite perinatal outcome as the dependent variable and all maternal variables and sex of fetus as potential predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal characteristics did not differ in mothers of male and female newborns. In the whole cohort, the composite perinatal outcome was significantly higher in male fetuses; adjusted OR 1.61 (95% CI 1.04-2.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women with pregestational diabetes, perinatal outcome was poorer in male newborns despite similar maternal characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició Servei de Pediatria Servei de Ginecologia i Obstetricia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. 31178agp@comb.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Patterson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aulinas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sojo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginovart
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adelantado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Leiva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corcoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult