title: The domestication syndrome genes responsible for the major changes in plant form in the Triticeae crops.
abstract: The process of crop domestication began 10,000 years ago in the transition of early humans from hunter/gatherers to pastoralists/farmers. Recent research has revealed the identity of some of the main genes responsible for domestication. Two of the major domestication events in barley were (i) the failure of the spike to disarticulate and (ii) the six-rowed spike. The former mutation increased grain yield by preventing grain loss after maturity, while the latter resulted in an up to 3-fold increase in yield potential. Here we provide an overview of the disarticulation systems and inflorescence characteristics, along with the genes underlying these traits, occurring in the Triticeae tribe.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Plant Genome Research Unit, 2-1-2 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsuda
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors