title: Sleep architecture and sleep-related mentation in securely and insecurely attached people.
abstract: Based on REM sleep's brain activation patterns and its participation in consolidation of emotional memories, we tested the hypothesis that measures of REM sleep architecture and REM sleep-related mentation would be associated with attachment orientation. After a habituation night in a sleep lab, a convenience sample of 64 healthy volunteers were awakened 10 minutes into a REM sleep episode and 10 minutes into a control NREM sleep episode in counterbalanced order, then asked to report a dream and to rate themselves and a significant other on a list of trait adjectives. Relative to participants classified as having secure attachment orientations, participants classified as anxious took less time to enter REM sleep and had a higher frequency of REM dreams with aggression and self-denigrating themes. There were no significant differences across attachment groups in other measures of sleep architecture or in post REM-sleep awakening ratings on PANAS subscales reflecting mood and alertness. Selected aspects of REM sleep architecture and mentation appeared to be associated with attachment orientation. We suggest that REM sleep plays a role in processing experiences and emotions related to attachment, and that certain features of sleep and dreaming reflect attachment orientations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and VA New England Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. mcnamar@bu.edu
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Pace-Schott
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Sanford
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auerbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009769:Object Attachment; D017286:Polysomnography; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011594:Psychometrics; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011932:Reading; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM; D055815:Young Adult