title: Differences in legal characteristics between Caucasian and African-American women diverted into substance abuse treatment.
abstract: In this exploratory study, we examined differences in the legal characteristics of Caucasian and African-American female offenders (n = 122) who were diverted into substance abuse treatment, to identify any racial disparities. We also examined the differences between groups in demographics and in substance abuse, family, and violence histories. In terms of legal characteristics, the results showed that African-American female offenders were significantly more likely to have been incarcerated at the time of their substance dependency evaluation than were Caucasian female offenders. Also, African-American women were more likely to have served 13 months for the current legal charge in comparison to the 4 months served by Caucasian women, although no differences were found between groups in the severity of the current legal charge. Comparison of demographics and substance abuse, family, and violence histories indicated that African-American women were more likely to be undereducated, crack cocaine dependent, and overly exposed to violence. Overall, the sample of female offenders evidenced severe substance dependency problems, a strong need for inpatient substance abuse treatment, and chronic legal and social difficulties. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to unbalanced sentencing policies and increasing awareness of the treatment needs of this unique population.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Suite 7 ground floor, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. melanie.scott@yale.edu
authors.forename: Melanie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lussier
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: Caroline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Easton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003710:Demography; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D044465:White People