title: Measuring participation enfranchisement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reflect the perspectives of rehabilitation stakeholders in a measure of participation enfranchisement that can be used by people with and without disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pilot-tested a draft instrument with 326 adults who had sustained stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, or other disabling condition, as well as a general population sample. We administered a revised version of the instrument to a statewide sample drawn from the 2006 Colorado Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System that included persons with (N=461) and without (N=451) self-identified activity limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participation enfranchisement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used multidimensional scaling, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), followed by rating scale analysis to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument. EFA identified 3 participation enfranchisement factors that describe perceived choice and control, contributing to one's community, and feeling valued; the factors were supported marginally by CFA. Rating scale analysis revealed marginal person separation and no misfitting items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participation enfranchisement constitutes a new, previously unmeasured aspect of participation-one that addresses subjective perceptions rather than objective performance-with items that are clearly distinct from more generalized satisfaction with participation. The 19 enfranchisement items describe aspects of participation that may prove useful in characterizing longer-term rehabilitation outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. a-heinemann@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Jin-Shei
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magasi
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.forename: Gale G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Whiteneck
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires