title: Peer health workers and AIDS care in Rakai, Uganda: a mixed methods operations research evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial.
abstract: Settings with limited health care workers are challenging environments for delivery of antiretroviral therapy. One strategy to address this human resource crisis is to task shift through training selected patients as peer health workers (PHWs) to provide care to other individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. To better understand processes of a cluster-randomized trial on the effect of these PHWs on AIDS care, we conducted a mixed methods operations research evaluation. Qualitative methods involved patients, PHWs, and clinic staff and included 38 in-depth interviews, 8 focus group discussions, and 11 direct observations. Quantitative methods included staff surveys, process, and virologic data analyses. Results showed that task shifting to PHWs positively affected structural and programmatic functions of care delivery--improving clinical organization, medical care access, and patient-provider communication--with little evidence for problems with confidentiality and inadvertent disclosure. Additionally, this evaluation elucidated trial processes including evidence for direct and indirect control arm contamination and evidence for mitigation of antiretroviral treatment fatigue by PHWs. Our results support the use of PHWs to complement conventional clinical staff in delivering AIDS care in low-resource settings and highlight how mixed methods operations research evaluations can provide important insights into community-based trials.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arem
authors.forename: Neema
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakyanjo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kagaayi
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulamba
authors.forename: Gertrude
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakigozi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serwadda
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bollinger
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003219:Confidentiality; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D010379:Peer Group; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012424:Rural Population; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents