title: The selection and prevalence of natural and fortified calcium food sources in the diets of adolescent girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of calcium-fortified food and dairy food on selected nutrient intakes in the diets of adolescent girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial, secondary analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescent girls (n = 149) from a midwestern metropolitan area participated in randomized controlled trials of bone physiology from 1997 to 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects randomly assigned to a high-calcium (HC) diet supplying 1,500 mg calcium/d, or their usual diet (UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was assessed from 3-day food records and calcium intakes categorized by food source. Food group composites, representing calcium-fortified and dairy food categories, were examined for their relative nutrient contributions. Student t tests were used to evaluate differences in selected nutrient intakes between the 2 study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dairy food contributed 68% of the total mean 1,494 mg calcium/d in the HC group, and calcium-fortified food contributed 304 mg calcium. In the UC group, dairy food contributed 69% of the total mean 765 mg calcium/d and calcium-fortified food contributed 50 mg calcium. Nutrient profiles of the dairy composites differed significantly from the calcium-fortified composites (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dairy food was the primary source of calcium selected by these adolescent girls; calcium-fortified food augmented calcium intakes.
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA. karenrafferty@creighton.edu
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lappe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D015995:Prevalence; D055070:Resistance Training; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary