title: MyTH4, independent of its companion FERM domain, affects the organization of an intramacronuclear microtubule array and is involved in elongation of the macronucleus in Tetrahymena thermophila.
abstract: Myo1 is a class XIV Tetrahymena myosin involved in amitotic elongation and constriction of the macronucleus into two subnuclei at cell division. Elongation of the macronucleus is accompanied by elongation of an intramacronuclear microtubule array, which is oriented parallel to the axis of nuclear elongation. Elongation of the macronucleus often fails to occur or is only partially completed in a MYO1 knockout, and division of the macronucleus is frequently uncoupled from cytokinesis. Myo1 contains a myosin tail homology 4 (MyTH4) and a band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin homology (FERM) domain. Recently, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to demonstrate that the entire FERM domain, independent of MyTH4, is essential for localization of FERM to the cytoskeleton and does not appear to directly affect nuclear division. Antiactin coprecipitates GFP-FERM, tubulin, actin, and Myo1. The immunoprecipitated GFP-FERM cosediments with either exogenous F-actin or exogenous microtubules. Here, we show that overexpressed GFP-MyTH4 colocalized with antitubulin to intramacronuclear microtubules. Ninety percent of overexpressing cells assembled intramacronuclear microtubules that did not become organized into a parallel array. Amitosis did not advance in the absence of the parallel array of intramacronuclear microtubules. Five percent of overexpressing cells organized the parallel array, but the microtubules and the macronucleus did not achieve full elongation. Partially elongated macronuclei constricted without cytokinesis. Antiactin coprecipitated GFP-MyTH4, tubulin, and actin. AntiGFP pulled down GFP-MyTH4, tubulin, and actin. GFP-MyTH4 cosedimented with either exogenous microtubules or exogenous F-actin. A novel finding from this study is that MyTH4 and FERM have overlapping and distinct roles in the function of a myosin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotesman
authors.forename: Roland E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hosein
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gavin
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D048648:Macronucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D016808:Tetrahymena thermophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C491829:MYO1 protein, protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D009218:Myosins