title: Parallel determination of NeuroD1, chromogranin-A, KI67 and androgen receptor expression in surgically treated prostate cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuroendocrine differentiation is a hallmark of prostate cancer. The aim of our study was the detection of the parallel expression of neuroendocrine related markers using a prostate tissue microarray (TMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was aimed at detecting the parallel expression of NeuroD1, Chromogranin-A (ChrA), Androgen Receptor (AR) and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry on prostate cancer tissue microarray. The data was analyzed using SAS version 8.2 (SAS Inc, Cary, NC). The relationships between NeuroD1, ChrA and AR expressions and patients' characteristics were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Progression and Overall Survival (OS) distributions were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue reactivity for NeuroD1, ChrA and AR concerned 73%, 49% and 77% of the available cases, respectively. Regarding overall survival, there were 87 deaths and 295 patients alive/censored (6 years of median follow-up). Seventy-seven disease progressions occurred at the median follow-up 5.4y. A significant correlation between NeuroD1, ChrA and AR expression was observed (p < 0.001 and p < 0.03, respectively). Additionally, ChrA was strongly associated in multivariate analysis to Gleason score and Ki67 expression (p < 0.009 and p < 0.0052, respectively). Survival analysis showed no association between markers neither for overall nor for cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlight that NeuroD1, Chromogranin-A and Androgen Receptor are strongly associated, however their expression does not correlate with overall survival or disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, S. Pio da Pietrelcina Hospital, Vasto, Italy. lucacindolo@virgilio.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cindolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantile
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiodini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schiavo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zlobec
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Botti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gidaro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terracciano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cillo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053379:Chromogranin A; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C093564:Neurogenic differentiation factor 1