title: Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) GG (LGG(®)), L. rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705), Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h, and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip(®) Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G, respectively) and histamine H4 receptor. LGG, Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation, and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact, such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions, such as IL-10, were upregulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes, and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki 00140, Finland. anna.oksaharju@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksaharju
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kankainen
authors.forename: Riina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kekkonen
authors.forename: Ken A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: Petri T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovanen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
authors.forename: Minja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000276:immunology*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D011968:Receptors, Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074040:Receptors, Histamine H4; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C418607:HRH4 protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011968:Receptors, Histamine; D000074040:Receptors, Histamine H4; D017455:Receptors, IgE