title: Regulation of FoxO transcription factors by acetylation and protein-protein interactions.
abstract: The forkhead box O transcription factors convert a variety of external stimuli, including growth factors, nutrients, and oxidative stress, into diverse biological responses through modulation of specific gene expression. Forkhead box O regulation is principally achieved by two distinct mechanisms: post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions. Among several modifications of forkhead box O factors, we focus on reversible acetylation, describing past research and current advances. In the latter part of this review, we also provide an overview of forkhead box O-binding partners that control the transcriptional activity of forkhead box O factors. These two layers of regulation mostly overlap and thereby enable a more precise fine-tuning of forkhead box O functions involved in metabolism, longevity, and tumor suppression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: PI3K-AKT-FoxO axis in cancer and aging.
authors.affiliation: Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Aliance, University of Tsukuba, Lbaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daitoku
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamaki
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukamizu
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt