title: Contribution of cinnamic acid analogues in rosmarinic acid to inhibition of snake venom induced hemorrhage.
abstract: In our previous paper, we reported that rosmarinic acid (1) of Argusia argentea could neutralize snake venom induced hemorrhagic action. Rosmarinic acid (1) consists of two phenylpropanoids: caffeic acid (2) and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (3). In this study, we investigated the structural requirements necessary for inhibition of snake venom activity through the use of compounds, which are structurally related to rosmarinic acid (1). By examining anti-hemorrhagic activity of cinnamic acid analogs against Protobothrops flavoviridis (Habu) venom, it was revealed that the presence of the E-enoic acid moiety (-CH=CH-COOH) was critical. Furthermore, among the compound tested, it was concluded that rosmarinic acid (1) (IC(50) 0.15 μM) was the most potent inhibitor against the venom.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Hnin Thanda
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikai
authors.forename: Masatake
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D053630:Depsides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012911:Snakes; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002934:Cinnamates; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D053630:Depsides; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C029010:cinnamic acid; C040048:caffeic acid