title: Supercritical carbon dioxide micronization of zeaxanthin from moderately thermophilic bacteria Muricauda lutaonensis CC-HSB-11T.
abstract: Moderately thermophilic bacterial strain CC-HSB-11(T) (Muricauda lutaonensis), which was described recently from a coastal hot spring of Green Island, Taiwan, has been identified to produce zeaxanthin as a predominant xanthophyll by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cell culture in bioreactor produced 3.12 ± 0.18 mg zeaxanthin L(-1) of culture. Micronization of zeaxanthin was achieved through supercritical carbon dioxide antisolvent precipitation method. Yield of zeaxanthin after the process was 53.4%. Dynamic light scattering assay determined the polydisperse existence of micronized particles of size 3 nm to 2 μm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct morphology and size distribution heterogeneity of particles. Integrity of zeaxanthin after the antisolvent process was assessed by LC-MS/MS. The technique capitalizes on the inherent ability of CC-HSB-11(T) to synthesize zeaxanthin and the work demonstrated feasibility of antisolvent precipitation method to produce microparticles exploiting a bacterial strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Hsin-Pin
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chieh-Ming J
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Rekha
authors.forename: Maw-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Satnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Chiu-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry*; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide