title: From lead management to implanted patient management: indications to lead extraction in pacemaker and cardioverter-defibrillator systems.
abstract: Based on the published results primarily from cohort studies, percutaneous lead extraction is now considered a safe procedure and indications for its use have broadened from device-related infections to less strict indications, such as recurrent isolated bacteremia, asymptomatic upper vein occlusion and malfunctioning/redundant leads. Almost 50% of electrophysiologists consider lead extraction in these latter situations. To broaden its implementation, further prospective evaluation against conservative approaches is still needed. Rather than only aiming at short-term results, this technique should be integrated into wide-ranging tailored long-term strategies to manage all of the different issues of implanted patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. igor.diemberger@gmail.com
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diemberger
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biffi
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martignani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boriani
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D010346:Patient Care Management; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology