title: Validation of human ApoB and ApoAI immunoturbidity assays for non-human primate dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis research.
abstract: Emerging evidence suggests apolipoprotein B (apoB) and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) are strong risk predictors for atherosclerosis. Non-human primates (NHP), including rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, and African green monkeys, are important preclinical species for studying dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis as they more closely resemble humans in lipid metabolism and disease physiology compared to lower species such as rodents. However, no commercial assays are currently available for measuring apoB and apoAI in NHP. We therefore evaluated analytical methods for routinely measuring apoB and apoAI in our NHP dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis research. Since NHP apoB and apoAI sequences are likely highly similar to human, we focused on the clinically validated and widely utilized human apoB and apoAI immunoturbidity assays. We carried out technical validation of these assays with NHP samples and leveraged orthogonal technical platforms including mass spectrometry, independent ELISA assay, and absolute quantitation via SDS-PAGE for further characterization. Analysis of purified lipoproteins demonstrated that the immunoturbidity assays detect NHP apoAI and apoB, with good dilution linearity and spike recovery from NHP plasma. Orthogonal studies showed apoAI correlated with protein concentration and apoB levels correlated with LC/MS and an independent ELISA. NHP samples from a drug treatment study were analyzed with the immunoturbidity assays and levels of apoB and apoAI fit our understanding of biology and expectations from literature. These studies serve as important technical and biological validation of the immunoturbidity assays for NHP samples, and demonstrate that these assays provide a high-throughput, fully automated analytical platform for NHP samples. Our studies pave the way for future translational research in NHP for developing therapies for treating dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. zhu_chen@merck.com
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Strack
authors.forename: Alice C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Stefanni
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Weizhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Urosevic-Price
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geoghagen
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lassman
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Roddy
authors.forename: Kenny K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Flattery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002138:Calibration; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000592:standards; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000592:standards; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019821:Simvastatin