title: Biosynthesis of the siderophore rhodochelin requires the coordinated expression of three independent gene clusters in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.
abstract: In this work we report the isolation, structural characterization, and the genetic analysis of the biosynthetic origin of rhodochelin, a unique mixed-type catecholate-hydroxamate siderophore isolated from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Rhodochelin structural elucidation was accomplished via MS(n)- and NMR-analysis and revealed the tetrapeptide to contain an unusual ester bond between an L-δ-N-formyl-δ-N-hydroxyornithine moiety and the side chain of a threonine residue. Gene deletions within three putative biosynthetic gene clusters abolish rhodochelin production, proving that the ORFs responsible for rhodochelin biosynthesis are located in different chromosomal loci. These results demonstrate the efficient cross-talk between distantly located secondary metabolite gene clusters and outline new insights into the comprehension of natural product biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosello
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robbel
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Linne
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marahiel
mesh_terms: D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D017262:Siderophores / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D017262:Siderophores; C559051:rhodochelin