title: [Impact of sperm source and parameters on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of sperm source and sperm parameters on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 433 ICSI cycles from June 2005 to December 2008 in Reproductive Medical Center of Xiangya Hospital. The patients were divided into 2 major groups according to the source of spermatozoa used for ICSI: ejaculated (group A, n=336) and epididymal (group B, n=97). Group A was divided into 3 subgroups according to the sperm parameters: normal (Group A1, n=95), single parameter defect (Group A2, n=119), and multiple parameter defect (Group A3, n=122).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basic characteristics among the 4 groups had no statistic difference (P>0.05), and the difference in the fertilization rate, normal fertilization rate, cleaving embryo rate,good quality embryo rate, implanted rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and early abortion rate among the 4 groups were not significant (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome is similar no matter whether the spermatozoa is from ejaculated sperm or epididymis. ICSI can treat male infertility of various factors, and the outcome is the same with one or multiple sperm parameter abnormality. ICSI with epididymal spermatozoa through percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration is effective for infertility due to obstructive azoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Nenghui
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong'e
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xianhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*