title: Partial breast irradiation by brachytherapy, 1927.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examination of Geoffrey Keynes's contributions to brachytherapy and the management of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of publications and texts of the era.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an era when radical mastectomy was accepted as standard treatment for breast cancer, Keynes demonstrated that brachytherapy (with or without local excision) was equally effective, while sparing body form and function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Keynes established that conservative surgery, combined with radiotherapy, was the preferable option for managing breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. jesse.aronowitz@umassmemorial.org
authors.forename: Jesse N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Aronowitz
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000266:history* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods