title: The preparation and storage of dried-blood spot quality control materials for lysosomal storage disease screening tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to prepare dried-blood spot (DBS) quality control (QC) materials for lysosomal storage disease (LSD) screening tests and to determine optimum blood and DBS storage conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared enzyme activities of five LSD markers in adult blood, umbilical-cord blood, and leukocyte-reduced blood. We measured activities in liquid blood and DBSs after predetermined intervals at controlled temperatures and humidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lysosomal-enzyme activity levels in umbilical-cord blood mimicked those in newborn screening samples. Lysosomal-enzyme activities in leukocyte-reduced blood were lower than in LSD-positive patient samples. Enzyme activities were stable in refrigerated liquid blood for 32 days and in frozen DBSs stored at low humidity for a year. Activity losses from DBSs after 34 days at 37±1°C were 35%-66% in low humidity and 61%-100% in high humidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Umbilical-cord blood is the preferred matrix for LSD-normal DBS QC materials. Leukocyte-reduced blood is lysosomal enzyme-deficient. Failure to control humidity during DBS storage results in loss of lysosomal-enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. BAdam@cdc.gov
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Zobel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caggana
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hannon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016464:Lysosomal Storage Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D011786:Quality Control