title: Is primary care providers' trust in socially marginalized patients affected by race?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interpersonal trust plays an important role in the clinic visit. Clinician trust in the patient may be especially important when prescribing opioid analgesics because of concerns about misuse. Previous studies have found that non-white patients are perceived negatively by clinicians.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether clinicians' trust in patients differed by patients' race/ethnicity in a socially marginalized cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of patient-clinician dyads.
  
  
  METHODS
  169 HIV infected indigent patients recruited from the community and their 61 primary care providers (PCPs.)
  
  
  METHODS
  The Physician Trust in Patients Scale (PTPS), a validated scale that measures PCPs' trust in patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PTPS score was 43.2 (SD 10.8) out of a possible 60. Reported current illicit drug use and prescription opioid misuse were similar across patients' race or ethnicity. However, both patient illicit drug use and patient non-white race/ethnicity were associated with lower PTPS scores. In a multivariate model, non-white race/ethnicity was independently associated with PTPS scores 6.3 points lower than whites (95% CI: -9.9, -2.7). Current illicit drug use was associated with PTSP scores 5.5 lower than no drug use (95% CI -8.5, -2.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a socially marginalized cohort, non-white patients were trusted less than white patients by their PCPs, despite similar rates of illicit drug use and opioid analgesic misuse. The effect was independent of illicit drug use. This finding may reflect unconscious stereotypes by PCPs and may underlie disparities in chronic pain management.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 - 1211, USA. david.moskowitz@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thom
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penko
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*