title: Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, glass ionomer cement and composite resin when repairing large furcal perforations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sealing ability of different repair materials and the pathway of bacterial penetration after closure of large pulp chamber floor perforations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perforations were made in the furcation area of extracted human molars and sealed with either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), glass ionomer cement or resin composite. The bacterial leakage method was used with Enterococcus faecalis as microbial tracer. The time of leakage (in days) was recorded for each specimen. Statistical analysis of bacterial leakage was performed using the survival analysis and pairwise comparison of groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Leaking specimens were prepared and inspected for the presence of bacteria by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of leaking samples was significantly higher in resin composite than in the other groups and the negative control group (p<0.05). SEM inspection revealed the presence of bacteria in all leaking specimens. Bacteria were observed along the filling-dentine interface as well as in dentinal tubules at some distance from the filling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resin composite material leaked significantly more than the MTA and glass ionomer cements when used to repair large furcation perforations. Bacteria could penetrate into dentine even at a distance from the perforation filling.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Odontology, Department of Dental and Oral Pathology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. lodieneg@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lodiene
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleivmyr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruzell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ørstavik
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000293:injuries* / Q000382:microbiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; D017640:Silicates; C084550:Vitremer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate