title: Behavioral and physiological effects of RDX on adult zebrafish.
abstract: 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a nitroamine explosive, with common toxic effects including seizures. Here, we explore the behavioral effects of acute RDX exposure in adult zebrafish Danio rerio, a rapidly developing model in neuroscience and neurotoxicology research. Overall, a 30-min exposure to RDX low dose of 0.1 mM evoked behavioral activation in zebrafish, while a higher dose of 1 mM markedly reduced exploration, increased freezing and evoked seizure-like responses (i.e., bouts of hyperactivity, spasms, and corkscrew swimming). Likewise, whole-body cortisol levels were also significantly elevated in fish exposed to 1 mM (but not 0.1 mM) RDX. In line with clinical and animal data, our study demonstrates the dose-dependent behavioral activation and pro-convulsant effects of RDX in zebrafish-based models.
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Toxicology Health Effects Research Program, US Army Public Health Command, 5158 Blackhawk Rd. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5403, USA.
authors.forename: Larry R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suciu
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaikwad
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dileo
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cachat
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Allan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kalueff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000139:chemically induced; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D013035:Spasm / Q000139:chemically induced; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; C009160:cyclonite; D006854:Hydrocortisone