title: Validation of food-grade salts of organic acids as ingredients to control Listeria monocytogenes on pork scrapple during extended refrigerated storage.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate control of Listeria monocytogenes on pork scrapple during storage at 4°C. In phase I, scrapple was formulated, with or without citrate-diacetate (0.64%), by a commercial processor to contain various solutions or blends of the following antimicrobials: (i) lactate-diacetate (3.0 or 4.0%), (ii) lactate-diacetate-propionate (2.0 or 2.5%), and (iii) levulinate (2.0 or 2.5%). Regardless of whether citrate-diacetate was included in the formulation, without the subsequent addition of the targeted antimicrobials pathogen levels increased ca. 6.4 log CFU/g within the 50-day storage period. In the absence of citrate-diacetate but when the targeted antimicrobials were included in the formulation, pathogen numbers increased by ca. 1.3 to 5.2 log CFU/g, whereas when citrate-diacetate was included with these antimicrobials, pathogen numbers increased only by ca. 0.7 to 2.3 log CFU/g. In phase II, in the absence of citrate-diacetate, when the pH of the lactate-diacetate-propionate blend (2.5%) was adjusted to pH 5.0 or 5.5 pathogen numbers remained unchanged (≤0.5 log CFU/g increase) over 50 days, whereas when citrate-diacetate was included with the lactate-diacetate-propionate blend adjusted to pH 5.0 or 5.5, pathogen numbers decreased by 0.3 to 0.8 log CFU/g. In phase III, when lower concentrations of the lactate-diacetate-propionate blend (1.5 or 1.94%) were adjusted to pH 5.5, pathogen numbers increased by ca. 6.0 and 4.7 log CFU/g, respectively, whereas when the mixture was adjusted to pH 5.0, pathogen numbers increased by ≤0.62 log CFU/g. Thus, scrapple formulated with lactate-diacetate-propionate (1.5 and 1.94% at pH 5.0) is an unfavorable environment for outgrowth of L. monocytogenes.
authors.affiliation: Oser Technologies, Blacksville, WV 26521, USA.
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Porto-Fett
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Campano
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Call
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Shoyer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gartner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tufft
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Luchansky
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000592:standards*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012034:Refrigeration; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D005520:Food Preservatives; D007773:Lactates; D011422:Propionates