title: Evidence of Haldol (haloperidol) long-term intoxication.
abstract: A case of intoxication by haloperidol is reported. Haloperidol is a butyrophenone derivative commonly used in many hospital units as an antipsychotic agent. Adverse reactions due to haloperidol intoxication include drowsiness, blurred vision, extrapyramidal effects, tardive dyskinesia, tachycardia, hypotension and muscular rigidity. In August 2008, a 49 year-old female nurse started feeling various symptoms such as muscular rigidity, drowsiness and buccal dyskinesia. After 3 months, she was hospitalized for the worsening of these symptoms. Four months later, she showed once more the same symptoms. Two open water bottles from which the nurse used to drink in the hospital were confiscated and analyzed. Moreover, the nurse was asked to give a sample of her hair for executing the inherent toxicological analyses. Haloperidol was found in both bottles 1 and 2 at a concentration of 31.5 μg/mL and 43.6 μg/mL, respectively. Based on segmental hair analysis, it was deduced that the nurse consumed haloperidol in the approximate period from August 2008 to March 2009. The higher levels of haloperidol in hair were found in accordance with the periods of most severe appearance of symptoms, requiring the hospitalization of the nurse. The analysis of preservatives and excipients led us to conclude that the pharmaceutical drug was probably added to the water bottles as "Haldol 2mg/mL oral solution".
authors.affiliation: Centro Regionale Antidoping A. Bertinaria, Laboratorio Regionale di Tossicologia, Regione Gonzole, 10/1, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerace
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salomone
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vincenti
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D014867:Water; D006220:Haloperidol