title: Serum biochemistry values, plasma mineral levels, and whole blood heavy metal measurements in wild northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis).
abstract: Serum chemistry panels and complete mineral and heavy metal screens were performed on blood samples from eight adult northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) breeding in Pennsylvania. Serum chemistry panels were performed to determine the health status of each bird. Biochemical values measured included serum glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, uric acid, creatine kinase, and aspartate transaminase. Glucose, creatine kinase, and aspartate transaminase values were elevated when compared with published values for northern goshawks and other species of raptors. Complete mineral screens were performed to better document the blood mineral content of northern goshawks. Plasma calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, total phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc levels were determined. Whole blood heavy metal screens were done to evaluate the northern goshawk's exposure to environmental arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium, and selenium. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium whole blood levels of less than 0.05 ppm in all birds indicated that the northern goshawks were not being exposed to significant levels of heavy metals in their environment. Whole blood selenium levels of the northern goshawks were above the minimum dietary requirement for avian species (0.130-0.200 ppm) and below published toxic selenium concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA.
authors.forename: Jane D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Brinker
authors.forename: Cindy P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: Sherrill
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D046428:Hawks / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes; D019216:Metals, Heavy