title: Three-dimensional imaging of direct-written photonic structures.
abstract: Third-harmonic generation microscopy has been used to analyze the morphology of photonic structures created using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. Three-dimensional waveguide arrays and waveguide-Bragg gratings written in fused-silica and doped phosphate glass were investigated. A sensorless adaptive-optical system was used to correct the optical aberrations occurring in the sample and microscope system, which had a lateral resolution of less than 500 nm. This nondestructive testing method creates volume reconstructions of photonic devices and reveals details invisible to other linear microscopy and index profilometry techniques.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia. graham.d.marshall@gmail.com
authors.forename: Graham D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jesacher
authors.forename: Anisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thayil
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Withford
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Booth