title: In vivo cytokine modulatory effects of cinnamaldehyde, the major constituent of leaf essential oil from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyse the major compound in the leaf essential oil of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh. and to examine its in vivo toxicity and cytokine-modulatory effects. The HS-GC/MS and quantitative HPLC analyses showed the concentrations of the major compounds, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde and 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, in the leaf essential oil of Cinnamomum osmophloeum to be 16.88, 1.28 and 1.70 mg/mL, respectively. Acute and sub-acute toxicity tests identified no significant changes in body weight, liver and kidney function indices, and pathology for the mice treated with up to 1 mL/kg body weight of Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential oil or up to 4 mg/kg body weight of cinnamaldehyde. A murine model was established using ovalbumin (OVA)-primed Balb/C mice treated with various concentrations of Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential oil or cinnamaldehyde daily for 4 weeks. The results of tests with commercial ELISA kits indicated no significant cytokine-modulatory effects in mice treated with Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf essential oil; however, the serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, but not IFN-γ, significantly increased in animals treated with 1 mg/kg body weight of cinnamaldehyde during the 4-week period. The possibility that the other constituents act as antagonists of cinnamaldehyde cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shih-Shen Chou
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tsong-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Ya-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chung-Shih
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Pang
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shu-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Chi-Chiang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D027424:Cinnamomum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000171:Acrolein; D010047:Ovalbumin; C421487:3-phenylpropanal; C012843:cinnamaldehyde; C032175:benzaldehyde