title: Agronomic performance of F1, F2 and F3 hybrids between weedy rice and transgenic glufosinate-resistant rice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of hybrid fitness, of which agronomic performance may be an indicator, can help in evaluating the potential for introgression of a transgene from a transgenic crop to wild relatives. The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic performance of reciprocal hybrids between two transgenic glufosinate-resistant rice lines, Y0003 and 99-t, and two weedy rice accessions, WR1 and WR2, in the greenhouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  F1 hybrids displayed heterosis in height, flag leaf area and number of spikelets per panicle. The agronomic performance of F1 between WR1 and Y0003 was not affected by crossing direction. The tiller and panicle numbers of F1 individuals were higher than their F2 counterparts. However, these traits did not change significantly from the F2 to the F3 generation or in hybrids with weedy rice as maternal or paternal plants. For all hybrids, the in vitro germination rates of fresh pollen were similar and significantly lower than those of their parents, seed sets were similar to or of lower value than those of weedy rice parents and seed shattering characteristics were partially suppressed, but the survival of hybrids over winter in the field was similar to that of weedy rice parents. All F1, F2 and F3 hybrids had similar composite agronomic performance to weedy rice parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant decrease in the composite agronomic performance of any of the hybrids compared with weedy rice. This implies that gene flow from transgenic cultivated rice to weedy rice could occur under natural conditions.
authors.affiliation: Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiang
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D018533:Biomass; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D006540:Herbicides; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000254:growth & development; D011058:Pollen / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction; D012621:Seasons; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D006540:Herbicides; C003121:phosphinothricin