title: Large nasal septal perforation repair by closed endoscopically assisted approach.
abstract: Options for the surgical closure of large symptomatic perforations are limited and consist of an open or closed approach using skin or mucosal flaps, with or without different grafts. The aim of this study is to review our experience in treating large nasal perforations using a closed approach with endoscopic assistance, undertaking a 3-layer reconstruction of the septum. We reviewed 14 consecutive patients with large (2-4 cm) nasal septal perforations, who were treated using an endonasal/endoscope-assisted approach. In these cases, the mucosal defect was reconstructed through a horizontal advancement of the bipedicled mucoperichondrial flaps and sutured using absorbable sutures. The cartilagineous defect was consistently reconstructed using autogenous auricular conchal grafts. Pre- and postoperative nasal symptom scores were used for the study; a decline in the number of Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale symptoms were recorded in 12 of 14 patients (85.7%), and visual analogue scale scores for crusting, bleeding, nasal discharge, whistling, headache, nasal pain, snoring, olfactory loss, and overall discomfort levels also decreased. It was concluded that bipedicled mucoperichondrial flaps with the insertion of auricular cartilage for a 3-layer septal reconstruction seem to give reasonably good results. The use of nasal endoscopy is an endonasal approach, which offers superior precision in all surgical steps and provides a way to obtain excellent closure of the perforation without external incisions.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Division, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Giorgio
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Girolamo
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps