title: Hydrogen-rich saline protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently it has been demonstrated that hydrogen, as a novel antioxidant, can selectively reduce hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) in vitro and exert therapeutic antioxidant activity in many diseases. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat model of renal I/R injury was induced by 45-min occlusion of the bilateral renal pedicles and 24-h reperfusion. Physiologic saline, hydrogen-rich saline, or nitrogen-rich saline (8 mL/kg) were administered intraperitoneally at 5 min before reperfusion, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After I/R injury, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were all increased significantly, while tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all decreased significantly. Hydrogen-rich saline reversed these changes and relieved morphological renal injury and I/R-induced apoptosis, while no significant changes were observed in the nitrogen-rich saline-treated group compared with physiologic saline-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrogen-rich saline is able to attenuate the renal I/R injury, which is possibly by reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sui-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jia-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lu-Long
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Li-Ren
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006859:Hydrogen; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine