title: Pseudomonas protegens sp. nov., widespread plant-protecting bacteria producing the biocontrol compounds 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoluteorin.
abstract: Fluorescent Pseudomonas strains producing the antimicrobial secondary metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) play a prominent role in the biocontrol of plant diseases. A subset of Phl-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas strains, which can additionally synthesize the antimicrobial compound pyoluteorin (Plt), appears to cluster separately from other fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. based on 16S rRNA gene analysis and shares at most 98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with any other Pseudomonas species. In this study, a polyphasic approach based on molecular and phenotypic methods was used to clarify the taxonomy of representative Phl(+) Plt(+) strains isolated from tobacco, cotton or wheat on different continents. Phl(+) Plt(+) strains clustered separately from their nearest phylogenetic neighbors (i.e. species from the 'P. syringae', 'P. fluorescens' and 'P. chlororaphis' species complexes) based on rpoB, rpoD or gyrB phylogenies. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments clarified that Phl(+) Plt(+) strains formed a tight genomospecies that was distinct from P. syringae, P. fluorescens, or P. chlororaphis type strains. Within Phl(+) strains, the Phl(+) Plt(+) strains were differentiated from other biocontrol fluorescent Pseudomonas strains that produced Phl but not Plt, based on phenotypic and molecular data. Discriminative phenotypic characters were also identified by numerical taxonomic analysis and siderotyping. Altogether, this polyphasic approach supported the conclusion that Phl(+) Plt(+) fluorescent Pseudomonas strains belonged to a novel species for which the name Pseudomonas protegens is proposed, with CHA0(T) (=CFBP 6595(T), =DSM 19095(T)) as the type strain.
authors.affiliation: Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramette
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frapolli
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer-Le Saux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gruffaz
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Défago
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sutra
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moënne-Loccoz
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003368:Gossypium / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017262:Siderophores / Q000145:classification; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000382:microbiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010636:Phenols; D011758:Pyrroles; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017262:Siderophores; C095503:pyoluteorin; C059817:2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; D010696:Phloroglucinol; D027081:DNA Gyrase