title: Galloyl glucoses from the seeds of Cornus officinalis with inhibitory activity against protein glycation, aldose reductase, and cataractogenesis ex vivo.
abstract: In an ongoing project directed toward the discovery of novel treatments for diabetic complications from traditional herbal medicines, six galloyl glucoses, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1), 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (2), 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (3), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (4), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (5), and tellimagrandin II (6), and two phenolic acids, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside (7) and gallic acid 4-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucoside (8), were isolated from an EtOAc-soluble fraction of the seeds of Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae). The structures of the compounds were identified using physical and spectroscopic methods, as well as by comparison of their data with values reported in the literature. All the isolates were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR). Compounds 1-6 were subjected to further bioassay to examine their inhibitory effects on AGE cross-linking. The opacity of lenses was significantly prevented when treated with 3 in an ex vivo experiment.
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305–811, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Nan Hee
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Junghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D029768:Cornus / Q000737:chemistry*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C060474:glucogallin; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase