title: Effects of ocean acidification on early life stages of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and mussel (Mytilus edulis).
abstract: Ocean acidification (OA) resulting from anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has already lowered and is predicted to further lower surface ocean pH. There is a particular need to study effects of OA on organisms living in cold-water environments due to the higher solubility of CO(2) at lower temperatures. Mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis) and shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) were kept under an ocean acidification scenario predicted for the year 2100 (pH 7.6) and compared against identical batches of organisms held under the current oceanic pH of 8.1, which acted as a control. The temperature was held at a constant 10°C in the mussel experiment and at 5°C in the shrimp experiment. There was no marked effect on fertilization success, development time, or abnormality to the D-shell stage, or on feeding of mussel larvae in the low-pH (pH 7.6) treatment. Mytilus edulis larvae were still able to develop a shell in seawater undersaturated with respect to aragonite (a mineral form of CaCO(3)), but the size of low-pH larvae was significantly smaller than in the control. After 2 mo of exposure the mussels were 28% smaller in the pH 7.6 treatment than in the control. The experiment with Pandalus borealis larvae ran from 1 through 35 days post hatch. Survival of shrimp larvae was not reduced after 5 wk of exposure to pH 7.6, but a significant delay in zoeal progression (development time) was observed.
authors.affiliation: IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger, Randaberg, Norway. rkb@iris.no
authors.forename: Reneé Katrin
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.forename: Ingrid Christina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Taban
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.forename: Brit Fjone
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Godal
authors.forename: Maj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnberg
authors.forename: Sjur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vingen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingvarsdottir
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baussant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D033542:Pandalidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical