title: Salivary cortisol responsivity to an intravenous catheter insertion in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare salivary cortisol baseline levels and responsivity as well as behavioral distress to intravenous (IV) catheter insertions in 4- to 10-year-old children with (n = 29) and without (n = 339) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a secondary data analysis from a sample of 542 children who participated in a multisite study on distraction. Data included were demographic variables, Pediatric Behavior Scale-30, Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised, and four salivary cortisol samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Home samples from the ADHD group revealed nonsignificant but higher cortisol levels than the non-ADHD group. However, on the clinic day, the ADHD group had significantly lower cortisol levels before (0.184 vs. 0.261, p = .040) and 20-30 min after IV insertion (0.186 vs. 0.299, p = .014) compared with the non-ADHD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortisol levels in children with and without ADHD differ in response to the stress of an IV insertion.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
authors.forename: Latisha Myers
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zemblidge
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleiber
authors.forename: M Bridget
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone