title: The novel lupus antigen related protein acheron enhances the development of human breast cancer.
abstract: Acheron (Achn) is a new member of the Lupus antigen family of RNA binding proteins. Previous studies have shown that Achn controls developmental decisions in neurons and muscle. In the human mammary gland, Achn expression is restricted to ductal myoepithelial cells. Microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry have shown that Achn expression is elevated in some basal-like ductal carcinomas. To study the possible role of Achn in breast cancer, we engineered human MDA-MB-231 cells to stably express enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged wild-type Achn (AchnWT), as well as Achn lacking either its nuclear localization signal (AchnNLS) or its nuclear export signal (AchnNES). In in vitro assays, AchnWT and AchnNES, but not AchnNLS, enhanced cell proliferation, lamellipodia formation, and invasive activity and drove expression of the elevated expression of the metastasis-associated proteins MMP-9 and VEGF. To determine if Achn could alter the behavior of human breast cancer cells in vivo, Achn-engineered MDA-MB-231 cells were injected into athymic SCID/Beige mice. AchnWT and AchnNES-expressing tumors displayed enhanced angiogenesis and an approximately 5-fold increase in tumor size relative to either control cells or those expressing AchnNLS. These data suggest that Achn enhances human breast tumor growth and vascularization and that this activity is dependent on nuclear localization.
authors.affiliation: Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, 3601 Main Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA. rong.shao@bhs.org
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Brooke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000097585:SS-B Antigen
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D000097585:SS-B Antigen