title: In vitro metabolic studies using homogenized horse liver in place of horse liver microsomes.
abstract: The study of the metabolism of drugs, in particular steroids, by both in vitro and in vivo methods has been carried out in the authors' laboratory for many years. For in vitro metabolic studies, the microsomal fraction isolated from horse liver is often used. However, the process of isolating liver microsomes is cumbersome and tedious. In addition, centrifugation at high speeds (over 100 000 g) may lead to loss of enzymes involved in phase I metabolism, which may account for the difference often observed between in vivo and in vitro results. We have therefore investigated the feasibility of using homogenized horse liver instead of liver microsomes with the aim of saving preparation time and improving the correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. Indeed, the preparation of the homogenized horse liver was very simple, needing only to homogenize the required amount of liver. Even though no further purification steps were performed before the homogenized liver was used, the cleanliness of the extracts obtained, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, was similar to that for liver microsomes. Herein, the results of the in vitro experiments carried out using homogenized horse liver for five anabolic steroids-turinabol, methenolone acetate, androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione, testosterone, and epitestosterone-are discussed. In addition to the previously reported in vitro metabolites, some additional known in vivo metabolites in the equine could also be detected. As far as we know, this is the first report of the successful use of homogenized liver in the horse for carrying out in vitro metabolism experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. jenny.ky.wong@hkjc.org.hk
authors.forename: Jenny K Y
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Francis P W
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Terence S M
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000736:Androstenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004845:Epitestosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006736:Horses; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008110:Liver Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D008710:Methenolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000736:Androstenes; D008110:Liver Extracts; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013739:Testosterone; D004845:Epitestosterone; C041029:turinabol; D008710:Methenolone; C018213:androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione; C033244:methenolone acetate