title: Field evaluation of a self-propelled sprayer and effects of the application rate on spray deposition and losses to the ground in greenhouse tomato crops.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the greenhouses of south-eastern Spain, plant protection products are applied using mainly sprayers at high pressures and high volumes. This results in major losses on the ground and less than uniform spray deposition on the canopy. Recently, self-propelled vehicles equipped with vertical spray booms have appeared on the market. In this study, deposition on the canopy and the losses to the ground at different spray volumes have been compared, using a self-propelled vehicle with vertical spray booms versus a gun sprayer. Three different spray volumes have been tested with a boom sprayer, and two with a spray gun.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vehicle with the vertical spray boom gave similar depositions to those made with the gun, but at lower application volumes. Also, the distribution of the vertical spray boom was more uniform, with lower losses to the ground.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vertical spray booms used in tomato crops improve the application of plant protection products with respect to the spray gun, reducing the application volumes and the environmental risks of soil pollution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain. jusanche@ual.es
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hermosilla
authors.forename: Víctor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Rincón
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Páez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agüera
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carvajal
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals