title: Role of Fos-related antigen 1 in the progression and prognosis of ductal breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) is a member of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor family. Our objective was to evaluate the role of Fra-1 expression in breast carcinoma progression and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fra-1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in two tissue microarrays containing, respectively, 85 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 771 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples. Staining was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the carcinomas, but only nuclear staining was considered to be positive. Fibroblasts associated with IDC were also Fra-1-positive. The frequency of Fra-1 positivity in IDC (22.8%) was lower than that in DCIS (42.2%). No association was found between Fra-1 and clinico-pathological variables in DCIS. In IDC, Fra-1 expression correlated with aggressive phenotype markers, including: high grade, oestrogen receptor negativity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positivity (P=0.001, 0.015 and 0.004, respectively), and marginally with the presence of metastasis (P=0.07). Fra-1 was more frequently positive in basal-like (34%) and in HER-2-positive (38.5%) subtypes than in luminal subtypes. Fra-1 presence did not correlate with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high frequency of Fra-1 in DCIS tumours may be associated with early events in breast carcinogenesis. Although Fra-1 expression correlated with features of a more aggressive phenotype in IDC, no relationship with overall survival was found.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela Flavia
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Logullo
authors.forename: Mônica Maria Ágata
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stiepcich
authors.forename: Cintia Aparecida Bueno de Toledo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Osório
authors.forename: Sueli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonogaki
authors.forename: Fátima Solange
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: Rafael Malagoli
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brentani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000099169:Fos-Related Antigen 1
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000099169:Fos-Related Antigen 1; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human