title: Analysis of cell characterization using cell surface markers in the dermis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, it has been reported that stem cells exist in the mesenchymal tissues of the bone marrow and adipose. These stem cells are thought to express specific cell surface markers such as CD44, CD54, CD105, CD90, and CD271 and have been confirmed to be pluripotent. Furthermore, although it has been reported that stem cells are also present in the dermis, their cell surface markers and characteristics are not fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the presence of stem cells in the dermis and their ability, employing the mesenchymal stem cell markers which have previously been reported as an indication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the percentages of CD44 (+), CD54 (+), CD90 (+), CD105 (+), and CD271 (+) cells in the dermis of neonatal mice (HR-1 mouse) by performing immunostaining and FACS. Secondly, we isolated each type of marker-positive and -negative cells from dermal tissues and evaluated their proliferation potential and their ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the immunostaining and FACS results, we confirmed that stem cells that express CD44, CD54, CD90, CD105, and CD271 are present in the dermal tissues of neonatal mice. In addition, when we measured the proliferation and differentiation potentials of each type of marker-positive cells, it was revealed that cells expressing CD54 or CD271 have a high proliferation potential and are able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that dermal tissues contain stem cells that express CD44, CD54, CD90, CD105, and CD271 which are stem cell markers. More precisely, it was suggested that both CD54 (+) and CD271 (+) stem cells have high proliferation and differentiation potentials.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimicho, Nishi-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0071, Japan. hasebe.yuichi@menard.co.jp
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umezawa
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagami
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
mesh_terms: D000068816:Adapalene; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D003880:Dermatology / Q000379:methods; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071063:Endoglin; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000071063:Endoglin; C502004:Eng protein, mouse; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009281:Naphthalenes; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000068816:Adapalene