title: Rapid screening of radioactivity in food for emergency response.
abstract: This paper describes the development of methods for the rapid screening of gross alpha (GA) and gross beta (GB) radioactivity in liquid foods, specifically, Tang drink mix, apple juice, and milk, as well as screening of GA, GB, and gamma radioactivity from surface deposition on apples. Detailed procedures were developed for spiking of matrices with (241)Am (alpha radioactivity), (90)Sr/(90)Y (beta radioactivity), and (60)Co, (137)Cs, and (241)Am (gamma radioactivity). Matrix stability studies were performed for 43 days after spiking. The method for liquid foods is based upon rapid digestion, evaporation, and flaming, followed by gas proportional (GP) counting. For the apple matrix, surface radioactivity was acid-leached, followed by GP counting and/or gamma spectrometry. The average leaching recoveries from four different apple brands were between 63% and 96%, and have been interpreted on the basis of ion transport through the apple cuticle. The minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) were calculated from either the background or method-blank (MB) measurements. They were found to satisfy the required U.S. FDA's Derived Intervention Levels (DILs) in all but one case. The newly developed methods can perform radioactivity screening in foods within a few hours and have the potential to capacity with further automation. They are especially applicable to emergency response following accidental or intentional contamination of food with radioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, 12201-0509, USA. axb16@health.state.ny.us
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Semkow
authors.forename: U-F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roselan
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles; D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000379:methods*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002138:Calibration; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion; D004630:Emergencies; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011851:Radioactivity; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma / Q000379:methods; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes