title: Antiviral and immunostimulating effects of lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from Pimpinella anisum.
abstract: Three antiviral and immunostimulating substances (LC1, LC2 and LC3) were isolated from a hot water extract of seeds of Pimpinella anisum by combination of anion-exchange, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction column chromatographies. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses revealed them to be lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes. These lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCs) showed antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and measles virus. LCs were also found to interfere with virus adsorption to the host cell surface and directly inactivate viruses. Furthermore, they enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production by inducing iNOS mRNA and protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The induced mRNA expression of cytokines including IL-1β and IL-10 was also apparent. These results suggest that the lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from P. anisum possessed potency as functional food ingredients against infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008459:Measles virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D028042:Pimpinella / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D053585:Virus Attachment / Q000187:drug effects*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008031:Lignin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse