title: Contrast of the impact of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on the femoral and carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impact of multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors on the intima-media thickness (IMT) of femoral and carotid artery segments measured simultaneously has not been studied in asymptomatic adults. This study examined the impact of multiple CV risk factors on the IMT in asymptomatic adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Femoral and carotid IMT were measured by B-mode ultrasonography in 1080 asymptomatic subjects (aged 24-43 years) of the Bogalusa Heart Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analyses, systolic blood pressure, age, male, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and smoking were common independent predictor variables for the femoral and carotid IMT. Systolic blood pressure followed by age were the major determinant risk factors for the IMT of all arterial segments except carotid bulb for which age was the major predictor. The independent variables listed explained 11% of the variability in femoral IMT, 28% in common carotid, 18% in carotid bulb, 10% in internal carotid and 27% in composite carotid segments. Mean IMT increased with increasing number of risk factors in all arterial segments; p for trend=0.003 for femoral and 0.001 for all carotid segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed deleterious trend of increasing IMT of the femoral and different segments of the carotid artery with increasing number of CV risk factors provide evidence of silent systemic atherosclerosis in asymptomatic young adults. These findings underscore the importance of multiple for risk factors profiling in early life. Studies of the femoral and carotid IMT may be helpful along with measurements of risk factors for evaluation of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
authors.affiliation: Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. timirpaul@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Timir K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sathanur R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media