title: Early-life stress, corpus callosum development, hippocampal volumetrics, and anxious behavior in male nonhuman primates.
abstract: Male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were subjected to the variable foraging demand (VFD) early stress paradigm as infants, MRI scans were completed an average of 4 years later, and behavioral assessments of anxiety and ex-vivo corpus callosum (CC) measurements were made when animals were fully matured. VFD rearing was associated with smaller CC size, CC measurements were found to correlate with fearful behavior in adulthood, and ex-vivo CC assessments showed high consistency with earlier MRI measures. Region of interest (ROI) hippocampus and whole brain voxel-based morphometry assessments were also completed and VFD rearing was associated with reduced hippocampus and inferior and middle temporal gyri volumes. The animals were also characterized according to serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR), and the effect of genotype on imaging parameters was explored. The current findings highlight the importance of future research to better understand the effects of stress on brain development in multiple regions, including the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and other regions involved in emotion processing. Nonhuman primates provide a powerful model to unravel the mechanisms by which early stress and genetic makeup interact to produce long-term changes in brain development, stress reactivity, and risk for psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackowski
authors.forename: Tarique D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Chadi G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: Griselda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: Cheuk Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Sanjay J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: Leonard A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: Eric L P
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dwork
authors.forename: Dikoma C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shungu
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaffman
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelernter
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coplan
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005239:Fear; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins