title: Effect of fixed appliances on oral malodor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fixed appliances on oral malodor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients participated in this study. They were randomized into 2 groups: treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and untreated controls. Oral malodor measurements and the gingival and plaque indexes were recorded in each group by same periodontist. Measurements were taken from the study group before bonding, 1 week after bonding, and 4 weeks after bonding. The control group's measurements were made at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral malodor and the gingival and plaque indexes were significantly increased 1 week after bonding (P <0.05). Oral malodor was increased at 4 weeks after bonding (P >0.05). The comparison of the groups showed differences 1 week and 4 weeks after bonding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oral malodor reached the critical level during fixed orthodontic treatment. Oral malodor could indicate a need to evaluate oral health and remind patients of the importance of maintaining ideal oral hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. babacanhasan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Babacan
authors.forename: Oral
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sokucu
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marakoglu
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Ruhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nalcaci
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000145:classification; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000145:classification; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010512:Periodontal Index; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D019279:Resin Cements; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; C477790:Transbond XT; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium