title: Clinical features and types of paediatric orofacial malignant neoplasms at two hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical features and histopathological types of orofacial malignant neoplasms in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved patients aged 15 years and below diagnosed with malignancy at two main referral hospitals in Kenya during the period from July, 2008 to December, 2008. A questionnaire and clinical examination chart were used to document data. Data analysis was done using SPSS 12.0 programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  65 children (44 males, 21 females) with ages ranging from 0.25 to 14 years were evaluated. The main complaints were swelling 61 (94%) and visual disturbance 29 (45%). The mean duration of symptoms was 0.17-36 months. The commonest signs were leucocoria (white reflection from the retina) 23 (35%), proptosis 19 (29%) and loss of vision 15 (23%). The commonest sites were orbit 30 (46%) and maxilla 11 (17%). Most neoplasms were retinoblastoma 26 (40%), followed by 14 (21%) cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and occurred in patients under 5 years of age (40 cases) followed by 19 cases in children aged 5-10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, malignancies were more common in males than females with most having been diagnosed in children aged less than 10 years. Retinoblastoma and BL were the most common neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. benysany@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sanya B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Okumu
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chindia
authors.forename: Loice W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Gathece
authors.forename: Elizabeth A O
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dimba
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Odhiambo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D035421:Parotid Region / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000209:etiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology