title: Four-vessel umbilical cord associated with multiple congenital anomalies: a case report and literature review.
abstract: A case is described of a neonate with a four-vessel umbilical cord containing two arteries and two veins. This was due to a rare persistence of the caudal portion of the right umbilical vein. The infant had multiple congenital anomalies including a complete atrioventricular canal, an interrupted inferior vena cava, a double superior vena cava, a left ventricular hypoplasia, dextrocardia, situs ambiguous, and malrotation of the small bowel. The birth of an infant with a four-vessel cord mandates comprehensive work-up for associated anomalies. The literature is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA. surasak1@aol.com
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puvabanditsin
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrow
authors.forename: Mayoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Suganya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kathiravan
authors.forename: Sharada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagar
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities*