title: [Neurobiological consequences of child sexual abuse: a systematic review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The results of several studies suggest that there is a critical timeframe during development in which experiences of maltreatment and sexual abuse may lead to permanent or long-lasting neurobiological changes that particularly affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response. The aim of the present study was to provide an updated review on the main neurobiological consequences of child sexual abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected articles published between January 1999 and January 2010 in English or Spanish that focused on the neurobiological consequences of child sexual abuse available through Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. We also examined the references in published articles on the consequences of sexual victimization in childhood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this review we included 34 studies on neurobiological consequences, indicating different kinds of effects, namely: neuroendocrine, structural, functional and neuropsychological consequences, which affect a large number of victims.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The existing body of work on the neurobiological consequences of maltreatment shows the need to consider maltreatment and child sexual abuse as health problems that affect different areas of victims' lives, which would in turn favor the development of intervention and treatment programs that take these multiple effects into account.
authors.affiliation: Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. npereda@ub.edu
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallardo-Pujol
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005790:General Adaptation Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D008032:Limbic System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009484:Neuropsychology; D009929:Organ Size; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D006854:Hydrocortisone