title: Anxiety overrides the blocking effects of high perceptual load on amygdala reactivity to threat-related distractors.
abstract: Amygdala reactivity to threat-related distractor stimuli can be abolished in perceptually demanding contexts. Premised on the biological imperative to respond swiftly to threat, we demonstrate, however, that when participants are threatened by shock, greater amygdala responses to fearful compared to neutral distractor faces is preserved under conditions of high attentional demand. Lateral prefrontal cortices also showed selective responding to fearful distractor faces under these conditions, suggesting that threat-related distractor stimuli engaged attentional control mechanisms. We conclude that anxiety elicited by looming threat promotes neurocognitive processes that broaden attention and enhance sensitivity to potential danger cues, even when perceptual systems are taxed.
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: cornwellb@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Cornwell
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ruben P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lissek
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grillon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen