title: Effects of successive subculturing on stability, virulence, conidial yield, germination and shelf-life of entomopathogenic fungi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the stability and conidial yield of two strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and one strain of M. brunneum, being developed for the control of insect pests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conidial yields and the shelf-life of the conidia of two commercially viable strains of M. anisopliae V275 (=F52) and ARSEF 4556 and one strain of M. brunneum (ARSEF 3297) were determined after harvesting conidia from in vitro subcultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and broken basmati rice. The strains were stable and showed no decline in virulence against Tenebrio molitor, even when subcultured successively 12 times on SDA. Conidia-bound Pr1 protease activity decreased in conidia harvested from SDA and mycosed cadavers after the 1st subculture, but increased in conidia produced on rice. The C:N ratio of conidia from mycosed cadavers was lower than that of conidia from rice or SDA. Irrespective of the number of subcultures, strain ARSEF 4556 produced significantly higher conidial yields than ARSEF 3297 and V275. The 12th subculture of V275 and ARSEF 3297 produced the lowest conidial yield. Shelf-life studies showed that conidia of strain ARSEF 4556 had a higher conidial viability than V275 and ARSEF 3297 after 4 months, stored at 4°C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study shows that determining strain stability and conidial yield through successive subculturing is an essential component for selecting the best strain for commercial purposes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to compare quality control parameters in the production of conidia on rice, and it shows that the level of Pr1 is comparatively high for inoculum produced on rice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK. m.a.ansari@swansea.ac.uk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Butt
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005285:Fermentation; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012275:Oryza; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development; D013712:Tenebrio / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D000362:Agar; D009584:Nitrogen