title: An intra-individual quantitative assessment of acute laser injury patterns in facial versus abdominal skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical laser settings have traditionally been calibrated on abdominal skin to predict and anticipate patterns of injuries in facial skin. This experimental approach has limitations as facial skin and abdominal skin have differences that may influence the depth of laser injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective of this study is to analyze the acute pattern of laser injury in abdominal skin and facial skin samples from the same subject and detail the anatomical and biophysical properties that can influence the laser tissue interaction. The secondary objective is to develop a conversion factor that will allow the prediction laser column depths in facial skin based upon laser column depths in abdominal skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy subjects were consented and screened. Two 2 mm spots on the face and abdomen were identified and measured and treated with a fractional CO(2) laser (Lumenis Ltd, Yokneum, Israel), with an energy setting of 15 mj, 300 Hz at a density of 10. Treatment areas were biopsied and analyzed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Facial skin and abdominal skin have several significant anatomical and biophysical differences (concentration of pilosebaceous units, sebum concentration, and moisture content). Facial tissue demonstrated divergence of laser energy around pilosebaceous units and lateral spread of laser energy along blood vessels. These differences cause attenuation (28%) of the laser energy and result in column depths that are significantly (P < 0.003) shorter in facial tissues (mean depth 415 µm) in comparison to abdominal tissues (mean depth 582 µm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variations in anatomic, biophysical, and biomechanical properties in facial skin cause an attenuation of the laser column depths in facial skin when compared to abdominal skin. A correction factor of 28% is required to predict the depth of laser columns in facial skin based on laser column depths observed in abdominal skin.
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75390-9132, USA.
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Spencer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Yeonsoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Georgette
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oni
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abtahi
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoopman
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kenkel
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena