title: Ultrasonographic findings in patients with peristomal bulging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to obtain a classification of peristomal bulging based on findings at ultrasonography in patients with a sigmoid colostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient material comprised 30 men and 33 women. The median age was 69 years (28-90) and the median time between stoma creation and investigation was 68 months (3-426). Any bulging was measured, and the abdominal opening for the stoma bowel was evaluated at the clinical examination. At the ultrasonographic investigation, the patients were first investigated in the supine position to measure the transverse and vertical diameter of the abdominal opening and the thickness of the abdominal muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three types of ultrasonographic findings were identified. In ultra-I, the stoma bowel was completely fixed or showed telescoping-like movement through the abdominal opening. In ultra-II, fatty tissue was prolapsed together with the stoma bowel forming a bend in the subcutaneous tissue. In ultra-III, another bowel segment or fatty tissue passed beside the stoma bowel through the abdominal opening into the abdominal wall. A normal finding without any bulging at the clinical examination was associated with a smaller area and a smaller diameter of the abdominal opening than the area and diameter in patients with a visible peristomal bulging. There was no difference in the thickness of the muscle layer of the abdominal wall between patients with and without bulging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography can make a dynamic diagnosis of parastomal hernia. In patients with visible peristomal bulging, the area of the abdominal opening is increased but there is no decrease in the thickness of the muscles of the abdominal wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. rune.sjodahl@lio.se
authors.forename: Rune I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Sjödahl
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thorelius
authors.forename: Olof J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Hallböök
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003125:Colostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D046449:Hernia, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D054047:Surgical Stomas; D014463:Ultrasonography