title: Surface functionalization of TiO2 nanotubes with bone morphogenetic protein 2 and its synergistic effect on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: To investigate the influence of surface-functionalized substrates with nanostructures on the behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells, we conjugated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) onto TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameter sizes of 30, 60, and 100 nm for in vitro study. Polydopamine was employed as the intermediate layer for the conjugation of BMP2. The successful conjugation of BMP2 onto TiO(2) nanotubes was revealed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Immunofluorescence staining of vinculin, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) revealed that BMP2-functionalized TiO(2) nanotubes was favorable for cell growth. More importantly, MSCs cultured onto BMP2-functionalized TiO(2) nanotubes displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) differentiation levels of ALP and mineralization after 7 and 14 day cultures, respectively. The results suggested that surface functionalization of TiO(2) nanotubes with BMP2 was beneficial for cell proliferation and differentiation. The approach presented here has potential application for the development of titanium-based implants for enhanced bone osseointegration.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Kaiyong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiuyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Zaixiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium