title: Chronic medical conditions among jail detainees in residential psychiatric treatment: a latent class analysis.
abstract: Studies of incarcerates with serious mental illnesses have found elevated rates of chronic medical conditions such as asthma and diabetes, and of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis compared with general population rates. This study explored the pattern of chronic medical conditions in a sample of adult detainees in psychiatric treatment in a large urban jail to develop a clinical profile encompassing the full range of medical conditions. A total of 431 male and female detainees were sampled with certainty from admissions to a residential psychiatric treatment program (overall recruitment rate = 67%). Interviews used the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess psychiatric and substance use disorders per DSM-IV criteria and chronic medical conditions. Latent class analysis was conducted using 17 medical conditions as class indicators, yielding a 3-class model composed of: a latent class with a high to intermediate probability of multiple medical conditions (HMC; 12.5% of the sample); an intermediate class with a lower probability of having a smaller number of medical conditions (MMC; 43.2%); and a class with a low probability of any medical condition (44.3%). Those in the HMC class were more likely to report respiratory problems, severe headaches, musculoskeletal pain, hypertension, and arthritis, have greater functional impairment, and have a higher number of co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Being older (50+ years) and female were associated with higher odds of being in the HMC or MMC classes. The policy implications for providing medical care to incarcerates with complex mixtures of medical conditions and psychiatric disorders are considered.
authors.affiliation: Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. jaswartz@uic.edu
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011330:Prisons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012114:Residential Treatment / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors