title: Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: levofloxacin.
abstract: Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing levofloxacin as the only active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are reviewed. According to the current Biopharmaceutics Classification System, levofloxacin can be assigned to Class I. No problems with BE of IR levofloxacin formulations containing different excipients and produced by different manufacturing methods have been reported and hence the risk of bioinequivalence caused by these factors appears to be low. In addition, levofloxacin has a wide therapeutic index. On the basis of this evidence, a biowaiver is recommended for IR solid oral dosage forms containing levofloxacin as the single API provided that (a) the test product contains only excipients present in IR levofloxacin drug products that have been approved in International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) or associated countries and which have the same dosage form; (b) both the test and comparator dosage form are "very rapidly dissolving" or "rapidly dissolving" with similarity of the dissolution profiles demonstrated at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8; and (c) if the test product contains polysorbates, it should be both qualitatively and quantitatively identical to its comparator in terms of polysorbate content.
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), Division of Bioequivalence, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelle O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Koeppe
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cristofoletti
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Storpirtis
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Kamal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Midha
authors.forename: Vinod P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stavchansky
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dressman
authors.forename: Dirk M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barends
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D005079:Excipients; D006801:Humans; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin