title: Lower cervical posterior element fractures in the National Football League: a report of 2 cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injuries in professional football players are common because of the nature of the collisions and the frequency of axial loading to the cervical spine. These injuries should be thoroughly evaluated because they can put the player at risk of future injury and even paralysis. The focus of this report is to present 2 cases of this injury and review the current body of literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present 2 cases of professional football players who experienced injuries to the lower posterior elements of their cervical spine simultaneously on a kickoff during a game. Both players described transient symptoms consistent with a "stinger," which is commonly encountered. Workup revealed fractures of the lower cervical spine in both patients. One patient was able to be managed conservatively and returned to football the following season. The second patient had an unstable fracture that ultimately required operative intervention, and the patient retired from professional football.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical spine injuries in football players need to be adequately evaluated, and in many cases can be career threatening. We recommend that players with persistent pain after a transient neurapraxia undergo radiography and computed tomography of the cervical spine to evaluate for a fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York, USA. mdrakos@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Drakos
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Feeley
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: T Pepper
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Burruss
authors.forename: Russell F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult