title: Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility for β-lactams against clinical isolates from 51 medical centers in Japan (2008).
abstract: This antimicrobial resistance surveillance study was performed in 51 medical centers in Japan over an 11-year period. The susceptibilities of 4228 strains including Escherichia coli (491 strains), Klebsiella spp. (462 strains), Enterobacter spp. (459 strains), Citrobacter freundii (358 strains), indole-positive Proteus spp. (386 strains), Serratia spp. (443 strains), Acinetobacter spp. (327 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (473 strains), oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (481 strains), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 348 strains) were tested with 7 β-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, imipenem, and piperacillin for gram-negative bacteria, or oxacillin for gram-positive bacteria). No resistance to these β-lactams (with the exception of ceftazidime) was found in oxacillin-susceptible S. aureus and CoNS. Of the E. coli clinical isolates, 24.6% were resistant to piperacillin, whereas 3.5% or less (cefpirome = 4.5%) were resistant to other β-lactam agents. Klebsiella spp. isolates were more susceptible to imipenem (99.6%), cefepime (98.7%), ceftazidime (98.5%), cefpirome (97.6%), and cefoperazone/sulbactam (97.6%). Isolates of Enterobacter spp., C. freundii, and Serratia spp. were susceptible to imipenem, cefepime, and cefpirome as well. The sensitivities of these organisms against cefepime and cefoperazone/sulbactam were 100%. Acinetobacter spp. isolates were less resistant to cefoperazone/sulbactam (0.6% resistance), imipenem (0.9%), and ceftazidime (2.8%) compared with other β-lactam antibiotics tested. Isolates of P. aeruginosa were more susceptible to piperacillin (9.1% resistance), cefoperazone/sulbactam (9.5%), and cefepime (6.6%) compared with ceftazidime (10.8%), cefpirome (16.3%), and imipenem (23.5%). The proportion of strains resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials has decreased compared with data from 2006 (Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 60:177-183), reflecting the reduced consumption of β-lactams in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1438540, Japan. yishii@med.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kouyama
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tateda
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047090:beta-Lactams