title: The pathophysiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mucosal injuries in stomach and small intestine.
abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly prescribed drugs for arthritis, inflammation, and cardiovascular protection. However, they cause gastrointestinal complications. The pathophysiology of these complications has mostly been ascribed to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs' action on the cyclooxygenase inhibition and the subsequent prostaglandin deficiency. However, recent clinical demonstrated the prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal mucosal injury is more often than previously expected. In this review, we discuss the defense mechanisms of stomach, and the pathophysiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced injury of stomach and small intestine, especially focused on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs' action on mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Kanho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Ichinosuke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hyodo