title: p14ARF genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to second primary malignancy in patients with index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  p14(ARF) , an alternate reading frame (ARF) product of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A locus, plays a critical role in crosstalk between the tumor protein 53 (p53) and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways and in cellular anticancer mechanisms. Therefore, the authors of this report investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the p14(ARF) gene and the risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) after an index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of 2 p14(ARF) SNPs (reference SNP [rs]3731217 and rs3088440) with SPM-free survival and with the risk of developing an SPM among 1287 patients who had SCCHN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with either p14(ARF) variant genotypes of the 2 polymorphisms had a significantly reduced SPM-free survival compared with patients with no variant genotypes (log-rank test; P = .006). Compared with the p14(ARF) thymine-thymine (TT) and guanine-guanine (GG) genotypes, the variant genotypes of p14(ARF) TG/GG and guanine-adenine (GA)/AA were associated with a significantly moderately increased risk of developing an SPM (p14(ARF) rs3731217: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.19; p14(ARF) rs3088440: aHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07-2.43). Moreover, after combining the variant genotypes of the 2 SNPs, patients who had variant genotypes were at significantly greater risk of developing an SPM compared with patients who had no variant genotypes (aHR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.54-6.12), and the risk was particularly pronounced in several subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results suggested that there is a modestly increased risk of developing an SPM after an index SCCHN with each p14(ARF) polymorphism, and there is an even greater risk of developing an SPM for patients with combined variant genotypes of the 2 SNPs. Therefore, p14(ARF) polymorphisms may be susceptible markers of the risk of developing an SPM in patients with SCCHN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Erich M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sturgis
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zafereo
authors.forename: Qingyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000235:genetics*; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF