title: Synthetic pathways to make nanoparticles fluorescent.
abstract: In biosciences, it is often necessary to follow the pathway of nanoparticles within cells or tissues. The nanoparticles can be used as labeled sensors which may, e.g., address functionalities within a cell, carry other specific agents like drugs or be magnetic for tumor thermotherapy. In the context of nanotoxicology, the fate of a given nanoparticle is of interest. As many methods in cell biology are based on fluorescence detection, there is a strong demand to make nanoparticles fluorescent. Different ways to introduce fluorescence are reviewed and exemplified with typical kinds of nanoparticles, i.e. polymers, silica and calcium phosphate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Viktoriya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sokolova
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epple
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes