title: Two phosphodiesterase genes, PDEL and PDEH, regulate development and pathogenicity by modulating intracellular cyclic AMP levels in Magnaporthe oryzae.
abstract: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling plays an important role in regulating multiple cellular responses, such as growth, morphogenesis, and/or pathogenicity of eukaryotic organisms such as fungi. As a second messenger, cAMP is important in the activation of downstream effector molecules. The balance of intracellular cAMP levels depends on biosynthesis by adenylyl cyclases (ACs) and hydrolysis by cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEases). The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae contains a high-affinity (PdeH/Pde2) and a low-affinity (PdeL/Pde1) PDEases, and a previous study showed that PdeH has a major role in asexual differentiation and pathogenicity. Here, we show that PdeL is required for asexual development and conidial morphology, and it also plays a minor role in regulating cAMP signaling. This is in contrast to PdeH whose mutation resulted in major defects in conidial morphology, cell wall integrity, and surface hydrophobicity, as well as a significant reduction in pathogenicity. Consistent with both PdeH and PdeL functioning in cAMP signaling, disruption of PDEH only partially rescued the mutant phenotype of ΔmagB and Δpka1. Further studies suggest that PdeH might function through a feedback mechanism to regulate the expression of pathogenicity factor Mpg1 during surface hydrophobicity and pathogenic development. Moreover, microarray data revealed new insights into the underlying cAMP regulatory mechanisms that may help to identify potential pathogenicity factors for the development of new disease management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kaiyue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jiansheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhengguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D001467:Hordeum / Q000469:parasitology; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified; D012275:Oryza / Q000469:parasitology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases