title: Real-time, in vivo monitoring and pharmacokinetics of valproic acid via a novel biomarker in exhaled breath.
abstract: Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is shown to allow real-time, in vivo drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic measurement in a non-invasive, pain-free manner as demonstrated by the mass spectral measurement of a novel exhaled breath biomarker for valproic acid, a medication used to control epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gamez
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Disko
authors.forename: Huanwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Azov
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chingin
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zenobi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D045853:Exhalation; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011485:Protein Binding; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014635:Valproic Acid