title: Antibody dependent enhancement infection of enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a significant cause of acute encephalitis and deaths in young children. The clinical manifestations caused by EV71 varied from mild hand, foot and mouth disease to severe neurological complications and deaths, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) infection has been reported in various viruses and has been shown to contribute to disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the presence of sub-neutralizing antibody was demonstrated to enhance EV71 infection in THP-1 cells and increase the mortality of EV71 infection in a suckling mouse model. Further, a secondary infection model was established to characterize the correlation between ADE and disease severity, and primary asymptomatic EV71 infection was shown to increase the mortality of the secondary EV71 infection in suckling mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these in vitro and in vivo experiments strongly supported the hypothesis of ADE infection of EV71. The present findings indicate ADE might contribute to the pathogenesis of severe EV71 infection, and raise practical issues of vaccine development and antibody-based therapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Rui-Yuan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yong-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: E-De
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Cheng-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D019067:Antibody-Dependent Enhancement; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D007074:Immunoglobulin G