title: Insecticide-tolerant and plant-growth-promoting Rhizobium improves the growth of lentil (Lens esculentus) in insecticide-stressed soils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Application of insecticides in modern agriculture in order to enhance legume production has led to their accumulation in soils to levels that adversely affect soil microflora such as rhizobia and exert a negative impact on the physiological activities associated with them. This study was therefore designed to identify rhizobial strains expressing higher tolerance to insecticides fipronil and pyriproxyfen and synthesising plant growth regulators even amid insecticide stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fipronil- and pyriproxyfen-tolerant Rhizobium sp. strain MRL3 produced plant-growth-promoting substances in substantial amounts, both in the presence and in the absence of the insecticides. In general, both insecticides at recommended and higher rates reduced plant dry biomass, symbiotic properties, nutrient uptake and seed yield of lentil plants. Interestingly, when applied with any concentration of the two insecticides, Rhizobium sp. strain MRL3 significantly increased the measured parameters compared with plants grown in soils treated solely with the same concentration of each insecticide but without inoculant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that Rhizobium strain MRL3 may be exploited as a bioinoculant to augment the efficiency of lentil exposed to insecticide-stressed soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India.
authors.forename: Munees
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahemad
authors.forename: Mohammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027806:Lens Plant / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants