title: Haplotype structures of common variants of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and ADRB1 genes in a South Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In association with candidate genes, the observed trait may be due to either one of the variant alleles or the interaction of variant alleles at different loci, which are in linkage disequilibrium.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the baseline allele and genotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, and haplotype structures of common variants of the CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and ADRB1 genes located on chromosome 10.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty-five healthy subjects were recruited from South India and were compared with the HapMap Project's population for LD pattern, allele and genotype frequencies, and haplotype structures. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan assay on real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant ethnic difference was found in the LD patterns among the variant alleles between the South Indian population and other major ethnic groups, namely African, European, Chinese, and Japanese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study established the normative allele and genotype frequencies, haplotype structure, and LD patterns of common variants of the CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and ADRB1 genes in a South Indian population (Tamilian). The data may be helpful to plan candidate gene-trait association studies in this population.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India. dstcardiopharm@gmail.com
authors.forename: Annan Sudarsan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arun Kumar
authors.forename: Uppugunduri Satyanarayana
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Chakradhara Rao
authors.forename: Gurusamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Umamaheswaran
authors.forename: Periyasamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramu
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kesavan
authors.forename: Deepak Gopal
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Shewade
authors.forename: Jayaraman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balachandar
authors.forename: Chandrasekaran
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adithan
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D005006:Ethnicity; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C547787:ADRB1 protein, human; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8