title: Probabilistic risk assessment of common booster biocides in surface waters of the harbours of Gran Canaria (Spain).
abstract: The presence of booster biocides in the aquatic environment has been associated with a risk to non-target species due to their proven toxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of common booster biocides in different harbours of the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) and evaluate, by means of a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), the ecological risk posed by these compounds. With these objectives, a monitoring campaign was conducted between January 2008 and May 2009, collecting a total of 182 seawater samples. Four common booster biocides (TCMTB, diuron, Irgarol 1051 and dichlofluanid) were monitored. Diuron levels ranged between 2.3 and 203 ng/L and Irgarol 1051 between 2.4 and 146.5 ng/L. The ecological risk associated with these levels was always low, however, with probabilities of exceeding the 10th percentile of autotroph toxicity below 3.5%.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Zoraida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sosa-Ferrera
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santana-del Pino
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Santana-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000032:analysis; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D004237:Diuron / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000032:analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D004202:Disinfectants; D010575:Pesticides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051; C104310:2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole; C016370:dichlofluanid; D004237:Diuron