title: A comparative evaluation of existing grading scales in intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, a multitude of clinical grading scales have been created to help identify patients at greater risk of poor outcome following ICH. We sought to validate and compare eight of the most frequently used ICH grading scales in a prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight grading scales were calculated for 67 patients with non-traumatic ICH enrolled in the prospective intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes project (ICHOP) database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, including area under the curve (AUC) and maximum Youden Index were used to assess the ability of each score to predict in-hospital mortality, long-term (3 months) mortality, and functional outcome at 3 months (mRS ≥ 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All scales demonstrated excellent to outstanding discrimination for in-hospital and long-term mortality, with no significant differences between them after controlling for the false discovery rate. All scales demonstrated acceptable to outstanding discrimination for functional outcome at 3 months, with the new ICH score demonstrating significantly lower AUC than 6 of the 8 scores. Essen ICH score was the only score to demonstrate outstanding discrimination for each outcome measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though significant differences were minimal in our cohort, we showed the existing selection of ICH grading scales to be useful in stratifying patients according to risk of mortality and poor functional outcome. Continued validation and comparison in large prospective cohorts will bring the goal of a singular prognostic model for ICH closer to fruition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 West 168th St., Room 431, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Appelboom
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: Brian Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagiella
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: E Sander
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors